Aromatherapy candles are special candles that are scented by the essential oils of plants, flowers and trees. These oils are extracted in a variety of ways, including steam distillation, cold pressing and solvent extraction.

Essential oils are concentrated, volatile substances that each have a host of health benefits, such as being anti-inflammatory, regulating the female menstrual cycle and cleansing the body internally. There are also numerous mental and emotional health benefits, such as stress reduction, treatment of depression and reduction in migraine headaches.

Aromatherapy, including the use of aromatherapy candles, is part of the resurgence of homeopathic modalities available to treat mental and bodily health. While the effective use of essential oils requires some knowledge and skill, the average person can use aromatherapy candles with very little specialized knowledge and reap many benefits.

Aromatherapy Candle History

Candles have been in existence in some form or another for thousands of years. However, originally, they were made from tallow-the fat of cows and sheep. The tallow candles let off an unpleasant smell, which the ancient Egyptians combated by adding essential oils to the candles. The Egyptians already used the oils and plant essences in healing and burial rites, but also discovered that when released into the air through candles, there were additional mood altering benefits as well.

Tallow candles were also used by the ancient Romans and many other societies. It was not until after the fifteenth century that beeswax candles were introduced, which was a cleaner burning and less offensive source of light. However, beeswax was relatively expensive and only the higher classes could afford beeswax candles with regularity. The majority of the population continued to use tallow candles for quite some time.

Around 1800, Spermaceti was discovered, which is a wax derived from the oil of sperm whales. Spermaceti was mixed with the previously undesirable tallow and resulted in a harder, longer lasting and less smoky candle-which was a vast improvement. In 1825, wicks were introduced, which allowed candles to burn even longer.

Paraffin wax was discovered 25 years later, which is a byproduct of crude oil. The Paraffin is processed, bleached and deodorized for commercial use. It can be molded into any form and is long burning, which is why it is still largely used today.

History of Candle Making

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Benefits of Aromatherapy Candles

Aromatherapy candles are recommended by holistic practitioners, as well as mainstream doctors and therapists as a means to promote emotional and mental balance. Some of the benefits of using aromatherapy candles are:

• Aromatherapy candles are a convenient way to receive the benefits of aromatherapy in almost any setting.
• Most essential oils used for aromatherapy candles can be placed anywhere, such as the bedroom, bathroom, office and nursery.
• Using candles for aromatherapy does not require specialized knowledge of essential oils and their precautions.
• Depending on the scent, aromatherapy candles can promote clearer thinking, more energy and increased vigor.
• Aromatherapy candles can help to reduce the feelings of tension and stress, calm anxiety and panic and lift depression.
• Aromatherapy candles can be used as a coping mechanism for those with chronic or long term illnesses.
• Aromatherapy candles can help to facilitate a more relaxed labor and delivery.
• Certain scents can sooth a colicky newborn or promote easier breathing in a sick child.

Which Scent to Choose?

Essential oils have the ability to promote healing in a number of ways. However, there are specific oils which are more effective in treating mental and emotional issues through smell alone. Below are the most common essential oils used in aromatherapy candles and their specific benefits. Some essential oils have more than one benefit, so will appear under multiple categories.

Relaxation/Stress Relief

Chamomile is known for its soothing, stress relieving ability. Chamomile helps to slow the brain and promotes sleep.
Cinnamon is a common, yet familiar scent and very relaxing.
Frankincense is a very calming scent and can significantly reduce stress.
Lemongrass can lift mental and physical exhaustion and can be used as an aid to recover rom jetlag.
Lavender is a calming scent that can help eliminate the symptoms of stress.
Melissa is a natural sedative and can be used as a sleep aid.
Neroli can reverse insomnia and has been used to relax colicky babies and help them sleep.
Sandalwood is an effective stress reliever.
Tangerine is also a stress reducer and mood enhancer.

Mood Enhancing

Bergamot essential oil is known to provide a powerful uplifting affect.
Lemon is a powerful mood enhancer, as are Lime and Orange.
Lemongrass helps to foster cheer.
Neroli helps one to be even tempered and less quick to anger.
Rose lifts the spirits and conjures feeling of contentedness.
Rosewood promotes feelings of pleasure and happiness.
Vanilla is equally soothing, uplifting and relaxing.

Anxiety and Depression

Bergamot essential oil is an uplifting citrus scent that eases depression and unnatural fear.
Chamomile is a natural relaxant and can reduce feelings of anxiety and depression.
Frankincense can help combat anxiety and panic attacks.
Melissa is often used as a natural antidepressant.
Neroli helps to calm anxiousness and promotes an even mood.
Orange helps to lift depression and promotes happiness.
Peppermint is beneficial for combating depression and general anxiety.
Petitgrain works to ward off panic attacks.
Rose has antidepressant properties.

Aphrodisiac/ impotence and frigidity

Clove oil has a spicy, stimulating scent and is known to help correct sexual dysfunction.
Orange can help reverse impotence and female frigidity.
Vanilla is a heady scent and a natural aphrodisiac.
Ylang Ylang possesses a hypnotic scent that stimulates arousal.

Mental Clarity and Focus

Clove oil lifts mental fatigue and provides a clear, sharp focus.
Cinnamon is also excellent for clearing the mind and promoting mental clarity.
Frankincense opens up the senses and the mind and promotes creative thought.
Helichrysum cleanses the body’s meridian pathways and helps to balance the chakras.
Myrrh promotes relaxation and aids in reaching a meditative state.
Nutmeg lifts brain fog and promotes clear thought.
Patchouli promotes clarity of thought and increased concentration.
Sandalwood calms irrational fears.
Spearmint clears the brain and provides a boost of energy.

Memory

Lemon helps one to think clearer and aids in concentration.
Palma Rosa helps to clear mental clutter and improves memory.

Miscellaneous

Marjoram helps to regulate the central nervous system and calm hyperactivity.
Peppermint helps headaches to subside.
Rosemary removes feelings of fatigue.

Types of Aromatherapy Candles

For those who are interested in using Aromatherapy candles, there are various forms in which they are available. The most popular are:

Container Candles: These are candles where the wax mixture has been poured into non-flammable glass or ceramic containers. A wick is added before the wax fully hardens. Many like container candles because they are usually large in size, make good gifts and can be capped between uses.

Pillar Candles: Usually more of a decorative item, pillar candles are increasingly being scented with pure essential oils and used for aromatherapy. These large candles are usually round or rectangular and may sit atop decorative stands or trays,

Floating Candles: This type of candle is made specifically to float in liquid, which may be a bowl of water or even the bathtub. Floating candles aid in creating a relaxing environment, which allows for maximum sensory awareness and absorption.

Votive Candles: These smaller candles are approximately two to three inches high. They can be burned conveniently in any heat resistant container and is the most size candle most frequently produced.

When selecting aromatherapy candles, the quality of the wax used is critical to receiving the maximum health benefits, versus potentially harming your body. Many purchase candles without examining the quality and are unknowingly inhaling harmful elements.

Types of Wax

Paraffin Wax- Paraffin is one of the most common, yet most harmful waxes available. Paraffin is a by-product of crude oil, meaning it is actually the waste that is left over once the crude petroleum oil has been refined.

To make the crude waste residue usable, it is heavily bleached and deodorized. This results in the white, waxy substance that is used to produce the candles most of us are used to. The resulting candle looks pristine and harmless, however, recent studies have shown otherwise.

Some of the drawbacks of Paraffin wax include:

• When lit, Paraffin emits petro-carbon soot, which in large quantities can blacken walls, as well as your lungs.
• Paraffin emits toxins such as alkans, alkenes and toluene, which can lead to lung cancer
• Paraffin has caused breathing problems for people with asthma
• The soot can become lodged in your ventilation system and continuously contaminate the air
• Daily, or even frequent use of Paraffin candles greatly increase the risk of respiratory cancer or illness.

As an alternative to potentially harmful Paraffin wax candles, natural wax candles are available. Because they are derived from plant matter, vegetable wax does not contain the same inherent harms as Paraffin. One o the most popular natural waxes on the market today is Soy.

Soy Candles are advisable for the candle enthusiast who is concerned with their health, as well as the environment. Below are the various benefits of using Soy candles in aromatherapy:

• Soy wax burns cleaner, with minimal soot that does not contain toxins, allowing for inhalation of only beneficial elements.
• Soy wax is more economical, as it burns longer than Paraffin wax.
• Soy wax does not harm the environment, as it is produced from a natural vegetable source.
• Purchasing Soy candles helps to support the farm economy.
• Soy candles aid in the sustainability movement, as they are a naturally renewable form of light and aromatherapy.

It is important to note that because of its consistency, soy was is unable to be molded into pillar or votive candles and will normally be in the form of container candles. There are however, some pillar and votive candles that are a mix of soy and palm or bees wax, thus giving the candle the desired consistency for molding. Stearic acid is also often used as a hardening agent. When purchasing soy candles, be sure to understand the exact ingredients.

Palm oil wax is another alternative for making candles. This wax is derived from the oil palm trees in India and has increased in popularity in recent years. The fruit of the tree is harvested, pressed and refined to produce many products, including palm wax.

Palm wax has become popular with professional candle makers, as well as hobbyists for the following reasons:

• When sourced in a responsible manner, Palm wax represents a natural and renewable source of wax, without the harms inherent in Paraffin wax.
• Palm wax is more flexible in molding and can be used to make votives and pillar candles, as well as traditional container candles.
• Palm wax is less expensive than bees wax.
• Palm wax holds the scent better than soy wax.

Some companies produce palm oil wax in an unsustainable manner than can lead to deforestation. However, there are ecologically minded producers that produce palm oil in a sustainable manner and will usually label their products as such.

Beeswax is excellent for crafting aromatherapy candles, but is the most expensive wax available. However, the expense may be justified, as beeswax candles have twice the lifespan of soy candles and three times the longevity of their paraffin counterparts. Below are added benefits of using beeswax candles:

• Beeswax has a naturally sweet smell, which blends well with essential oils.
• Beeswax has the longest burning time.
• Beeswax burns cleanly, without emitting toxic soot.
• Beeswax emits negative ions as it burns, which improves air quality.
• Beeswax is sourced from bee colonies and is highly sustainable.

When purchasing beeswax, look for wax that is a golden honey color. Lighter beeswax has been bleached. Also, ensure that the wax is 100% beeswax, as some manufacturers produce a mixture of beeswax and other oils, but still label it as beeswax.

Making a Choice

With one billion pounds of wax used to make candles annually in the United States, using a cleaner burning, non toxic wax has great benefit for the environment. Although some may decry the use of palm oil wax due to deforestation, others may see it as a better alternative Paraffin and gel waxes. Soy wax has become highly preferred and beeswax seems to be the most ecologically beneficial of all the waxes.

How to Make Aromatherapy Candles

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As candles are relatively easy to make, they are an enjoyable hobby for many. There are an infinite number of essential oil blends that can be mixed to suit any mood. Some individuals make candles simply for providing a pleasant smell or as gifts. Others may want to seriously study the best formulations for treating specific maladies through aromatherapy.

If you are interested in making aromatherapy candles, below are the common ingredients that are required. Variations can be made in the oils used, as well as the type of molds and pouring technique.

To make aromatherapy candles you will need:

• Your choice of wax
• Candle molds, usually aluminum tin, or disposable molds.
• A double boiler or wax melter
• Candle wicks in the appropriate size
• Essential oils
• Gloves
• Sharp knife and mixing spoon
• A clear surface covered in newspaper
• Bamboo skewers or another means of suspending the candle wicks

The following are general guidelines for making candles. Experiment with shapes, size and scent until you are pleased with the finished product.

1/Melt wax in the double broiler.
2/Cut the wick to the desired length, and then use small tongs to dip it in the melted wax
3/Lay the wick out to dry and harden, ensuring that it is straight
4/Add essential oils to melted wax
5/Pour wax into molds and let harden
6/When the candle is partially hard, use a skewer or candle threader to pierce a hole into the center of the candle
7/Insert the wick
8/Reheat wax (slightly hotter than the first time) and pour an additional layer of wax in the mold, obscuring the hole made when threading the wick.
9/Suspend the top of the wick, so that it does not fall into the hardening wax. Wooden or bamboo kabob skewers work well.
10/Let candles fully cool, then remove from the mold

Safety Precautions

• Wax should not be heated over 250 degrees, as the flash point it 300 degrees.
• Exercise extreme caution and wear gloves, as wax is molten when heated and can burn badly.
• Cover the candle making surface with newspaper to prevent damaging the table.
• Remove any unnecessary items from the preparation area.

Once created, aromatherapy candles have a long shelf life. They can be stored for future use, given as gifts or sold. The convenience and health benefits of aromatherapy candles make them a welcome and inexpensive addition to any holistic health regimen.

References

National Candle Association. Elements of Wax: http://www.candles.org/elements_wax.html
South Carolina University. Frequent use of certain candles produces unwanted chemicals: http://www.scsu.edu/news_article.aspx?news_id=832
BBC News. Candle Use Linked to Cancer: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8211543.stm
Let’s Make Candles. Palm Wax: http://www.letsmakecandles.com/Info_Palm_Wax_803.asp

http://www.cozyhearthandhome.com/typesofcandles.htm

Encyclopedia Britannica. Essential oils:  http://www.britannica.com/bps/search?query=essential+oil&blacklist=193135

Over the centuries, the extraction and use of essential plant oil has become more widespread, with new, more modern extraction methods developed. Although the industrialization and regulation of the medical field in the last century had labeled homeopathic practices such as aromatherapy as arcane and unscientific, resurgence in the use of essential oils has occurred in the last fifty years as many discovered the old remedies and found relief in their application.

Benefits of Essential Oils

The uses for essential oils are as varied as the types of oil available. These potent oils are used for relaxation, as anti-bacterial agents and to promote healing. Many essential oils are multidimensional, possessing both physical and emotional healing properties. Below are the most common essential oils, along with their uses.

It is first important to note that some essential oils should not be used by individuals with specific conditions, which are noted below. In addition, essential oils are extremely volatile and potent. They should never be applied directly to the skin without first   being diluted in a stable carrier oil, such as grape seed oil.

When used effectively, essential oils can have a very positive affect on health, mood and wellbeing. Also, oils are often mixed with each other to form what is called a synergy-meaning that the resulting oil is highly restorative and more effective than either oil on its own. Common essential oils and synergistic blends are as follows:

Angelica Root (Angelica, Archangelica)

A member of the Ombellifere family Angelica root is thought to have spiritual properties and has been labeled the “Root of the Holy Spirit”. The name comes from an old tale of a monk who was given the plant by an angel as a cure to the Bubonic plague, which was running rampant at the time. Originating in Europe, Angelica root essential oil has a woodsy scent and many curative benefits.

Health Benefits: Angelica root essential oil is detoxifying and has been used to reduce alcoholic cravings. This oil has anti-inflammatory properties and helps relieves pain in the joints, as well as muscles.

Angelica root may aid in infertility and promotes general reproductive health. Angelica also heals and protects sensitive skin.

Emotional Benefits: Angelica root essential oil has been used to reduce stress and anxiety reliever and also as an aid in increasing energy.

Warnings: Angelica root is phototoxic, which means skin treated with the oil should not be exposed to direct sunlight for twenty four hours. Angelica root should also be avoided by diabetics and pregnant women.

Anise ( Pimpinella Anisum)

 Anise is native to the Mediterranean and is used extensively in the Middle East, India and Europe and is a member of the parsley family.

Health Benefits- Anise essential oil aids in healing respiratory illnesses, such as colds and bronchitis. Anise essential oil has been used to treat head lice and is also effective in reducing inflammation that contributes to muscle aches and rheumatoid arthritis.

Anise oil is also considered antiseptic and antibacterial, making it useful for cleaning small cuts and wounds. Anise essential oil also helps to reduce flatulence and other gastrointestinal ailments.

Emotional Benefits- due to its sedative properties, anise has been used a therapy to calm anxiety and ease depression.

Warnings- Anise should not be confused with Japanese star anise, as this is toxic, even in small doses. Anise consumed in extremely large doses can cause nausea and vomiting, as well as promote seizures.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Basil is a member of the Mint family (Lamiaceae) and is largely found in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Regions. There are several varieties of basil, including: Sweet Basil, Holy Basil, Thia Basil, Lemon Basil, Genovese Basil and Cinnamon Basil.

Health Benefits- Basil essential oil is effective in repelling the flu virus and soothing insect bites. Basil can also be used as an insect repellant.

Basil oil is also a remedy for gout, as it regulates the amount of uric acid in the blood. Basil essential oil relieves constipation and helps control nausea and vomiting. Basil acts as a diuretic and reduces constipation.

Basil essential oil has been said to be a treatment for cancer and possesses potent antiviral properties, as well as being a source of antioxidants. Basil oil is also used in India to treat asthma and control diabetes.

Emotional Benefits- basil essential oil is calming and helps to control nervousness and reduce the feeling of stress. Basil oil helps to eliminate brain fog and enhances memory. This oil is also effective in treating headaches and migraines.

Warnings- Overdosing on basil (extremely hard to do) can cause harm to the brain.

Bay (Laurus Nobilis)

Bay essential oil is native to the country of Venezuela and the West Indies. This aromatic oil possesses tremendous health and therapeutic benefits and is one of the most potent of essential oils. In ancient Rome, the bay leaf was synonymous with wisdom and protection and adorned the hair of Caesar and champion Olympians.

Health Benefits- Bay essential oil is helpful in treating chronic conditions which involve pain in the nervous, as well as musculoskeletal system.  Bay increases circulation and provides antibiotic like relief from dental and respiratory infections. Bay also helps to stimulate a sluggish menstrual period.

Bay also has antiseptic properties, which makes it beneficial for cleaning burns, cuts and scrapes.  Bay essential oil stimulates sluggish immune system and eases digestion, as well as helps to eliminate toxins.

Emotional Benefits- Bay oil is known to cause relaxation and sedation in large quantities. Bay can promote mental relaxation and reduce the feeling of stress.

Warnings- Bay essential oil should not be used near the eyes, nose or mouth as it can irritate sensitive mucus membranes.

Bergamot (Citrus Aurantium var. Bergamia)

Bergamot is a member of the Rutaceae family and grown in Italy and Southeast Asia, as well as Morocco and Algeria. Bergamot is harvested from citrus bearing trees and was first sold in Italy.

Health Benefits- Bergamot is excellent as a natural healer for oily skin acne, cold sores and psoriasis. This essential oil is also helpful in healing urinary tract infections, promotes a healthy spleen and stomach. Bergamot has also been used as a pain reliever. Bergamot has also been used to treat skin ailments, such as herpes1, eczema and psoriasis.

Emotional Benefits: Bergamot oil also helps reduce feelings of depression, stress and fear. Bergamot has a fresh, citrus scent and promotes relaxation and happiness.

Warnings: Bergamot oil can magnify the affect of the sun, so it is advisable to limit sun exposure when using bergamot oil in a topical cream or balm.

Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum)

One of the famed spices of India and the Orient, Pepper was coveted by traders around the world. Treaties were made and wars have been fought over this lucrative and beneficial spice. Once more highly prized than gold, pepper contains many health benefits.

Health Benefits: Black Pepper essential oil is excellent for detoxification, drawing out toxins from the organs. Pepper increases the body’s production of sweat and urine, which flushes toxins. It is helpful in enhancing immune system function and staving off the common cold as well as treating the flu. Other health benefits of black pepper include:

• excellent digestive aid, as it promotes the production of saliva, gastric fluids and bile. Pepper essential oil helps to relieve constipation and improve a slow digestive system. Pepper essential oil combats gas and can be used to treat infections of the bowel and colon.
• increases circulation and can be used to relieve pain internally. Also, its warning effect makes it beneficial for loosening tight painful muscles, when added to a massage oil or balm.
• It is anti-rheumatic and helps to reduce inflammation associated with arthritis. Pepper also helps to dissolve and expel uric acid and is useful as a treatment for gout.
• Pepper essential oil is a free-radical scavenger and reduces the impact of aging on the skin and body. Pepper reduces memory loss, joint pain and other ailments common to aging.

Emotional Benefits: Black Pepper is more medicinal in nature than emotionally therapeutic.

Warnings: Excessive use of Pepper essential oil could be harmful to the kidneys. Pepper essential oil should not be used during pregnancy and can cause slight irritation for sensitive skin types.

Camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora)

A member of the Lauraceae family, camphor essential oil is native to Asia, specifically China, Japan and Taiwan. Truly an oil that gets better with age, camphor trees must reach fifty years of age before the oil can be harvested. The entire camphor tree is used to produce camphor essential oil, including the roots, stump and bark. Camphor oil is not usually used in traditional aromatherapy, however it has powerful therapeutic affect on the mind and body when administered by a professional.

Health Benefits- Camphor calms the nervous system and reduces spasms, calms neurological pain and is anti-inflammatory. Camphor oil also blocks wounds from becoming infected and can numb the body, similar to local anesthesia. Camphor is also an effective decongest, opening up blocked airways and promoting the expulsion of mucus.

Emotional Benefits- Increased pain tolerance and quality of life for those suffering from nerve damage or muscle spasms.

Warnings- camphor comes in three colors. The white variety is therapeutic, while the brown and yellow varieties are toxic and said to promote cancer development. Camphor oil should not be used by individuals who suffer from asthma or have epilepsy and can increase the symptoms of morning sickness in pregnant women.

Carrot Seed (Daucus Carota)

Carrot Seed oil is part of the Apiaceae family and is derived solely from the seeds of the carrot. Carrot seed oil has been a staple in maintaining digestive health and toned uterus, in addition to many other health benefits.

Health Benefits- Carrot Seed essential oil helps to clear the body from toxin overload, prevents gout and reduces water retention. Carrot oil purifies the blood and promotes the growth of new cells. Carrot oil also kills worms and helps to fight off infection. Also beneficial to the skin, carrot oil is recommended for healing eczema, is an antioxidant and reducing the signs of aging. Carrot oil promotes a healthy stomach and has been used by cancer patients to relieve the nausea associated with chemotherapy. Carrot seed oil has been studied by researchers in India for its ability to inhibit implantation of a human egg, making it a possible contraceptive alternative.

Emotional Benefits- Carrot Seed oil promotes relaxation and has been used to relieve anxiety, feeling of stress and eliminate mood swings.

Warnings- Carrot Seed oil should be avoided during pregnancy because it can potentially stimulate a miscarriage.

Cardamom (Elettaria Cardamomum)

A member of the Ginger family Zingiberacea, Cardamom is widely used in the East as a flavoring, medicinally and to improve the mental state. Green Cardamom, which is known as “true cardamom” is grown in Malaysia and India, while other versions hail mainly from Asia and Australia.

Health Benefits- Cardamom essential oil is antiseptic and antibacterial. It promotes a clean fresh mouth and can be used as a mouthwash when added to water and also acts as a natural preservative for food.

Cardamom oil is excellent for digestion and is used to flavor food in many eastern countries for this reason. It stimulates and balances the stomach’s various processes, such as bile and gastric acid production and helps regulate metabolism. Cardamom has been used to treat IBS and is effective in reducing gas and bloating. It is also antispasmodic and effective in reducing discomfort from menstrual cramps, Bowel and muscle spasms.

Cardamom essential oil eliminates calcification from the kidneys and promotes good urinary health. This oil has also been said to aid in healthy weigh loss and regulate high blood pressure. Cardamom also relieves morning sickness, as well as general nausea.

Emotional Benefits- Cardamom essential oil is a stress reliever and its strong, spicy aroma stimulates the senses.

Warnings- Cardamom oil is considered safe, non-toxic and usually does not irritate. However, all essential oils must be diluted in carrier oil before use.

Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis)

Famous for its soothing properties, chamomile is a member of the Asteraceae family, and comes in two forms: Roman Chamomile and German Chamomile. Roman Chamomile is milder, with a slightly fruity, sweet smell and light color. On the other hand, German Chamomile is thicker, darker and has a distinct straw-like smell.

Health Benefits: Roman Chamomile is beneficial for women’s reproductive health, soothing menstrual cramps. It also lessens the affect of PMS and menopause.

Roman Chamomile can be a pain reliever and has the ability to relax tense or seized muscle. It is also antiseptic and antibacterial and is excellent for use on cuts and burns. It has also been noted to help heal infections of the gallbladder and reduce intestinal problems, such as diarrhea and IBS.

Roman Chamomile is beneficial for the skin and helps to sooth and heal acne, chicken pocks and eczema. Roman chamomile can also be added to water and used as a mouthwash to heal dental infections.

German Chamomile contains most of the benefits mentioned above, with the additional benefit of reducing the occurrence of allergies and reducing swelling. German chamomile also is used as a treatment for kidney stones and heals dry skin.

Both forms of chamomile contain a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which can reduce the pain and discomfort of rheumatoid arthritis and inflamed muscles.

Emotional Benefits: German Chamomile especially, has a soothing affect and is used to reduce stress, anxiety and aid sleep. Roman chamomile stimulates relaxation when added to massage oil or bath water.

Warnings: Both Roman and German Chamomile should be avoided by pregnant women.

Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata)

Clove essential oil is extracted from the tiny flower buds of the clove tree. A member of the Myrtaceae family, this spicy and fragrant oil is native to Indonesia and the Malacca Islands and used extensively in the East. The buds of the clove tree are originally a light peach color, but turn brown when dried, prior to the extraction of essential oil.

Health Benefits- Clove essential oil is a germicide and can be added to water as a mouthwash to treat mouth ulcers and relieve the pain of toothache while gargling with the mixture may relieve a sore throat. Other health benefits of clove:

• an effective antiseptic and helps to heal fungal infections, as well as a variety of skin problems such as cuts, burns, bruises and even scabies.
• can be used to treat headaches and insomnia and reduces memory loss. Clove is also used to treat earaches, improve digestive health and reduce flatulence.
• increases circulation and also aid in purifying the blood of toxins as well as helps to regulate blood sugar.

Emotional Benefits- Clove essential oil is uplifting and can be useful in treating depression and relieving fatigue. Clove is an aphrodisiac and promotes a distinct sense of wellbeing.

Warnings- Clove essential oil is very potent and should not be used on sensitive skin. Be careful to dilute clove properly in a stable carrier oil.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum)

Cinnamon is known the world over for its spicy sweetness, as well as the many health benefits derived from its oil. Cinnamon originated in the country of Indonesia, but has additionally been cultivated in India and Sri Lanka.

Health Benefits- Cinnamon essential oil is anti-rheumatic and reduces the discomfort associated with arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. Cinnamon oil also promotes respiratory health and calms a hyperactive nervous system. Cinnamon essential oil helps to alleviate constipation and flatulence and can be used to treat flu symptoms.

Emotional Benefits- Cinnamon oil inhibits mental fatigue and promotes calm. Cinnamon essential oil has been used to fight depression

Warnings- Cinnamon oil used for aromatherapy purposes should be harvested from the leaf only and not the bark, as the latter is toxic. Cinnamon essential contains elements that can irritate the skin, so topical use is not advised.

Avoid using Cinnamon oil in the facial area, as it irritates the mucous membranes. This oil should also be avoided if pregnant.

 Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus Globulous)

Eucalyptus is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is most famous for helping to control respiratory problems. Eucalyptus is native to Australia, but was brought to England in the eighteenth century and can now be found in India and South Africa. Nicknamed the “Fever Tree”, Eucalyptus essential oil is commonly used in balms to reduce fevers and is vaporized to aid in breathing.

Health Benefits- Eucalyptus essential oil acts fast to open airways and promote healing in the case of colds, bronchitis and asthma. Eucalyptus also promotes increased circulation and is a pain reliever.

Eucalyptus oil has been shown to reduce fevers and as a topical treatment increases circulation and sooths the pain associated with arthritis, muscle spasms and sprains. Ecalyptus has also been effective in fighting plaque and other dental infections.

Eucalyptus oil has proven to be effective in treating sores and wounds, including herpes, cuts, chicken pox, insect bites and scrapes. Taken internally, Eucalyptus oil may reduce herpes outbreaks. This oil also helps to kill Staphylococcus bacterial infections in the skin.

Emotional Benefits- Eucalyptus oil stimulates the brain and aids concentration. Eucalyptus oil is also uplifting and refreshing and elevates the mood.

Warnings- Using eucalyptus in large quantities or used excessively can cause headaches. Eucalyptus oil should not be used by epileptics or those with high blood pressure.

Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera Biennis)

Evening primrose oil is native to the Americas and is a member of the Onagraceae family. Evening primrose is one of the more popular oils and is used in a number of health remedies as well as in countless personal care items. It  has been used for centuries by Native Americans to for healing and ritualistic purposes and is a catalyst for the bodies enzymes.

Health Benefits: Evening Primrose oil is an excellent emollient and moisturizes skin well making it beneficial to those suffering from Eczema, psoriasis and other skin ailments.

Evening Primrose oil is anti-inflammatory and helps reduce the discomfort of arthritis. It is a source of omega 6 fatty acid, which is critical to brain and muscle development, as well as skin and joint health.

This oil is also touted as beneficial for female reproductive health, with the ability to regulate menstrual cycle and ease menopause. Evening primrose oil has also been used as a therapy to treat pain associated with breast cancer. It has also been used to help repair nerve damage in diabetics.

Emotional Benefits: The high level of omega six fatty acid in this oil helps one to maintain an even mood and deal better with stress. Evening Primrose oil has also been used to combat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Warnings: Evening Primrose oil can become rancid more quickly than other oils. It is recommended to mix it with an oil containing antibacterial properties to help it last longer. Evening Primrose may cause rashes and headaches. This oil should not be used by pregnant women.

Frankincense (Boswellia Carteri)

Frankincense originated in Ethiopia and parts of the Middle East and is a member of the Burseraceae family. One of the most distinct scents amongst essential oils, Frankincense has been renowned for centuries and used by kings and Pharos for aromatherapy and spiritual purposes.

Health Benefits- Frankincense acts as a decongestant and dilates the bronchial tubes making it effective in treating asthma bronchitis and the common cold. Frankincense is also anti-inflammatory and helps support a healthy immune system.

A potent disinfectant and antiseptic, Frankincense can be used to treat wounds and can also be added to natural cleaning solutions. Frankincense is also an astringent and can help reverse diarrhea.

Frankincense heals and rejuvenates the skin and is especially effective in healing sores and reducing the appearance of scars and wrinkles. Frankincense essential oil acts as a skin toner and is also used to prevent and treat stretch marks. This oil also promotes new cell growth for smoother younger looking skin.

Frankincense is excellent for improving female reproductive health. Taken internally it can regulate the menstrual period and help tone the uterus. Frankincense oil also helps prevent the formation of ovarian cysts and cancer cells.

Emotional Benefits- Frankincense is well known as a mood elevator and a relaxant. It also has a slightly sedative affect which reduces anxiety, brings about a sense of relaxation and aids in reducing panic attacks and feelings of stress. Using a massage oil containing Frankincense can help ease labor and delivery.

Warnings- Frankincense essential should not be used prior to the onset of labor by pregnant women.

Ginger (Zingiberaceae Officinale)

Ginger is a warm and spicy oil that hails from Africa, China, India and the West Indies. A member of the Zingiberaceae family, Ginger has been a part of holistic medicine in many cultures for centuries, including the Middle East, Europe and Africa and is referenced in many ancient texts, including Sanskrit.

Health Benefits: Ginger is well knows as an anti-inflammatory agent and helps to reduce muscle aches, as well as arthritis pain. Ginger also increases circulation and is beneficial for those with diabetes.

Ginger is used in many cultures to aid digestion and is known to relieve nausea and stop diarrhea. It has been found effective in treating morning sickness in pregnant women, as well as provide relief for those that suffer from motion sickness.

Ginger essential oil is a common ingredient used to combat colds, the flu and other seasonal illnesses. It also acts as an expectorant and clears mucus from the lungs. In addition, Ginger is an antiseptic and excellent for cleaning wounds and scrapes.

Emotional Benefits: Ginger essential oil relieves exhaustion and has been said to increase libido.

Warnings: Exposure to the sun should be avoided when ginger essential oil is applied to the skin. Because of its strength, Ginger oil should be avoided by those with sensitive skin.

Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi)

Originating in Asia and part of the Rutaceae family, grapefruit essential oil is known for its pleasing citrus scent and its versatility. Grapefruit essential oil is extracted from the peel of the fruit and has a shorter shelf life than other oils, typically six months.

Health Benefits: Grapefruit essential oil is a staple in many skin care products because of its ability to exfoliate and reduce the appearance of blemishes, as well as even skin tone.

Grapefruit oil is antiseptic and antibacterial and often used as a natural preservative for skin care products. It is also helpful in clearing blockages in the lymphatic system and boosting overall immune health.

Grapefruit has fat burning property and has been effective in reducing cellulite and aiding in weight loss.

Emotional Benefits: Grapefruit essential oil can be used to fight depression, as it has the ability to elevate an individual’s mood.

Warnings: Grapefruit seed oil should not be subjected to strong direct sunlight.

Helichrysum (Helichrysum Italicum)

Known as the “everlasting oil” because of its very long shelf life, Helichrysum is a member of the Asteraceae family and is native to Europe, specifically France and Italy. It is a more expensive essential oil although not available in large amounts. However the longevity and healing benefits of Helichrysum oil make it very sought after.

Health Benefits: Helichrysum essential oil is anti-allergenic, meaning it is able to inhibit the allergic response that manifests as symptoms of hay fever, hives, asthma, eczema and other allergy triggered conditions. Other health benefits:

• anti-coagulant, allowing it to aid in dissolving blood clots and clear blocked arteries. This is beneficial for those at risk for heart disease and stroke.
• inhibits spasms that may affect the stomach, colon, nerves and muscles.It is also antimicrobial and antibacterial, making it excellent for cleaning cuts, scrapes and wounds.
• anti-inflammatory, strengthens the nervous system and helps to expel phlegm from the lungs.  It stimulates bile production in the stomach and is able to kill fungus.
• excellent for restoring skin and can be used to heal scars, stretch marks, eczema and psoriasis. Helichrysum oil also is able to reverse some of the harmful affects of smoking, helps to detoxify the liver and inhibits the formation of varicose veins.

Emotional Benefits: Helichrysum oil has the ability to lift the mood. Alternative medicine also lists Helichrysum oil as an aid in unblocking and improving the flow along the body’s meridian pathways.

Warnings: Because of its ability to thin the blood, Helichrysum oil should be avoided if you have recently had surgery, a stroke or have a clotting disorder.

Jasmine (Jasminum Gradiflora)

A well known aromatic herb with an intoxicating scent, jasmine is a member of the Oleaceae family. Jasmine is native to Northern India and China, but Jasmine essential oil is now manufactured in France, Italy, Egypt, Morocco and Japan as well. Jasmine essential oil has numerous benefits, including many that aid in women’s health. Jasmine oil is very expensive, as it takes over a thousand pounds of jasmine blossoms to produce a few liters of oil.

Health Benefits: Jasmine oil is the perfect companion to pregnancy as it eases labor pains and promotes relaxation and comfort. Jasmine essential oil promotes stronger contractions, which can speed labor. It is also used pot-partum for toning the uterus and helping it to regain its former shape and size. Jasmine essential oil is also beneficial for aiding in breast milk production for new mothers. Other health benefits include:

• helps to sooth and moisturizes dry skin. Adding a few drop of jasmine to a warm bath multiplies its moisturizing properties. Jasmine is effective in healing stretch marks and other scars.
• anti-spasmodic and is beneficial for relieving diarrhea, cramps and muscle spasms. Jasmine oil is also used to naturally treat sexual dysfunction in males and females.
• soothing to the throat and used to treat nagging coughs, sore throats and voice loss.

Emotional Benefits: Jasmine oil is an aphrodisiac and increases libido. Jasmine essential oil also acts as a relaxant and reduces feelings of depression and fatigue. Jasmine oil has been used specifically to fight post-partum depression

Warnings: Jasmine oil is extremely relaxing, so it should not be used when an individual must be fully alert, such as when working or driving.

Juniper (Juniperus Communis)

Juniper essential oil is extracted from the berries, needles and wood of the Juniper evergreen, which is native to Europe. Oil derived form the berries is clearer and of higher quality. Juniper essential oil has a fresh, woodsy scent and many health benefits.

Health Benefits: Juniper essential oil is anti-rheumatic, which helps to alleviate joint pain and tenderness. Other health benefits of Juniper include:

• natural diuretic and increases urine output. This is beneficial for those with renal failure, water retention and high blood pressure.
• detoxifies the blood and removes environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. Juniper essential oil also heals stomach ulcers and stimulates the production of bile and other gastric juices necessary for optimal digestion.
• acts as a stimulant and helps to initiate and maintain many of the body’s intricate functions, such as the central nervous system, the endocrine system, which regulates immunity, the gastric system and the systems of elimination.
• effective in treating skin disorders, such as eczema and promotes healing of scrapes, cuts and wounds.

Emotional Benefits: Juniper essential oil provides a fresh, uplifting scent when diffused into the air. Juniper sooths the nerves and diffuses anxiety.

Warnings: Juniper essential oil should not be used by pregnant women or individuals with kidney dysfunction. Juniper should be diluted in carrier oils in very low concentrations, due to it potency.

Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia)

Lavender essential oil has a light, exotic scent and is a favorite amongst many for its ability to perfume, provide emotional relief and medicinal properties as well.

A member of the Lamiaceae family, Lavender is produced mainly in France. However, it has been a favorite throughout history and much revered used by the ancient Romans and Greeks.

Health Benefits- Lavender essential oil is known to provide a soothing feeling and is effective in treating headaches and aiding sleep. Lavender leaves one feeling refreshed and rejuvenated. They are also known for:

• providing positive affect on the pulmonary system and helps to clear the airways benefiting those with asthma, bronchitis or the common cold. Lavender essential oil has also been used to suppress chronic coughing.
• treating bacteria and infections in the mouth, such as laryngitis and halitosis. Lavender essential oil is a disinfectant and can be used to clean cuts, scrapes and wounds. When added to facial cleanser or toner, Lavender removes dirt and bacteria, while toning the skin. Lavender essential oil is also effective in treating head lice, as well as an insect repellent.
• helps boost the immune system and prevent illness, as well as provides anti-inflammatory relief to skin, joints and muscles.

Emotional Benefits: Lavender oil is often used in massage oils, as it penetrates the muscles to relieve aches and pains and provides a general feeling of relaxation. Lavender oil is used to help relieve stress, reduce anxiety and lift depression.

Warnings: Lavender is one of the most well tolerated essential oils and is one of the few that can be applies directly to the skin. However, discontinue topical use if there is any sign of an allergic reaction.

Lemon (Citrus Limonum)

Lemon is a well known scent in every culture and the essential oil derived from this tart fruit has many benefits. Lemon essential oil is pressed from the peel of the fruit and has a shorter shelf life than many oils, with a maximum of ten months. Lemons were originally grown in India, however they were transported to Europe in the Middle Ages by the Crusaders and have since spread to many countries around the world.

Health Benefits: Lemon essential oil is known for its immune enhancing properties. It is beneficial in treating colds, the flu and other seasonal illnesses. Lemon essential oil reduces fever and sooths and heals infections in the throat. Other beneficial health uses of Lemon essential oils include:

• antibacterial and can be used to clean cuts and wounds, as well as a household cleaning agent.
• helps to normalize the blood and is a treatment for high blood pressure, reduces the symptoms of anemia and promotes optimal blood flow.
• treating respiratory infections and helps to open the airways in the case of Asthma, Bronchitis and Pneumonia.
• effective degreaser and is used to treat oily skin, scalps and also to de-grease dishes and household appliances. The antibacterial and degreasing properties make Lemon oil excellent for reducing acne and the citric acid gently exfoliates dead skin cells. Lemon essential oil has also been used to reduce the appearance of cellulite.
• beneficial in reducing the pain from, and treating skin lesions of all kinds, including cold sores, herpes, and mouth and nose ulcers.

Emotional Benefits: Lemon essential oil has a very uplifting and fresh scent. It can be diffused into the air to lift the mood and has been used in the treatment of depression. Lemon oil can also increase energy and clear the mind, increasing concentration.

Warnings: Lemon essential oil should not be applied to the skin and then exposed to direct sunlight, as it is photo-toxic.

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus)

A member of the Poaceae family, Lemongrass essential oil captures the scent of lemon, but is less bitter to the taste. Lemongrass is widely used in Asian and Indian cultures as a flavoring for food, as well as for its numerous medicinal benefits.

Health Benefits: Lemongrass essential oil is very beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract and is helpful when treating gastritis, colitis and indigestion. Other uses of Lemongrass include:

• inhibits athlete’s foot and calms extreme perspiration. Lemongrass essential oil is also effective in repelling insects and treating scabies. It can also be added to bath water for pets, helping to repel fleas and other insects.
• beneficial for those with musculoskeletal problems, as it increases the circulation and eases muscle aches and spasms. Lemongrass essential oil is also antifungal and is used to treat athlete’s foot.
• treat skin blemishes, even skin tone and keep acne causing bacteria at bay. Lemongrass is also added to treatments meant to reduce the appearance of cellulite.

Emotional Benefits: Lemongrass essential oil is excellent for lifting exhaustion and has been used to reverse fatigue, as well as lift jetlag. Diffusing lemongrass oil into the air helps to combat stress and promote an uplifting environment.

Warnings: Lemongrass essential oil should be avoided by those with sensitive skin, as it can cause irritation. This oil should also be avoided in pregnancy.

Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia)

This refreshing and healing essential oil is produced in two ways: cold pressing the un-ripe peel of the lime fruit, as well as another version that uses steam to distill the oil from the ripe peel and fruit. A member of the Rutaceae family and originally harvested in Asia, limes have spread to other regions, including Italy, North and South America and the West Indies.

Health Benefits:  Lime has a number of health benefits depending on how it is applied:

• effective in exfoliating dry, dull skin.
• anti-cellulite preparations.
• used as a skin toner and removes excess oil.
• treat skin infections and viruses, such as herpes. Lime is also antibacterial in nature and beneficial for cuts and wound care.
• supports the immune system and is beneficial in treating respiratory illnesses, such as colds, asthma, bronchitis and sinus infections. Lime oil is a fever reducer and can also be used as a preventative measure to avoid seasonal colds, as well as flu.

Emotional Benefits: Lime essential oil is used to treat depression. It is uplifting and also has the ability to calm anxiety and reduce stress. Lime essential oil also promotes mental alertness.

Warnings: You should not expose yourself to direct sunlight after using cold pressed Lime oil, as it can cause photosensitivity. Steam distilled lime oil does not have this property.

Marjoram (Origanum Marjorana)

Commonly used in cooking, Marjoram is a slightly spicy herb, whose oil was used by the ancient Greeks in abundance. Marjoram oil is a member of the Labiatae family and has its origins in the Mediterranean regions. It has been used extensively for its ability to cleanse and freshen the air, as well as its many medicinal properties.

Health Benefits: Marjoram kills bacteria and is used to keep the digestive tract clean and healthy, as well as prevent infections of the colon and urinary tract. Marjoram increases blood flow and decreases swelling. It can also be used for other purposes:

• aids in the production of gastric fluid, easing digestion. It is also effective in preventing and treating excess gas formation and flatulence. Marjoram is also effective in treating respiratory conditions, eliminating headaches and correcting insomnia.
• proven to be anti-viral and has helped to prevent or heal viruses, such as chicken pocks, the measles and the flu.
• anti-inflammatory and a natural pain reliever. It is especially effective for those with rheumatoid arthritis or another chronic inflammatory diseases.
• helps to reverse sluggish or non-existent menstrual cycles and is affective in reducing cramps.

Emotional Benefits: Marjoram has been known to calm hyperactivity, increase attention span and the sense of wellbeing. Marjoram is also assisting coping with stress and reducing anxiety levels.

Warnings: Prolonged use of Marjoram can reduce libido. Marjoram should not be used by pregnant women, as it affects the reproductive cycle.

Melissa (Melissa Officinalis)

Melissa essential oil is a member of the Labiatae family and is also known as Lemon Balm or Bee Balm. Originating from the Mediterranean, Melissa essential oil has a light citrus scent and is used on many perfumes and scented personal care products.

Health Benefits: Melissa essential oil has the ability to cure fungal infections and has shown to be an effective treatment for cold sores and other areas:

• anti-spasmodic, allowing it to calm the irritation that can cause diarrhea and vomiting, as well as muscle spasms. Melissa essential oil also aids digestion and limits bloating and flatulence.
• helpful in treating heart and circulatory conditions. It slows the heartbeat and strengthens the heart, while strengthening the heart overall.
• can be used as a fever reducer and also helps ease the stress and discomfort of PMS and menstrual cramps.
• inhibits hair loss.

Emotional Benefits: Melissa essential oil has a sedative effect and is known for its ability to calm agitation and stress.  Melissa is an uplifting oil and has been used in the treatment of depression and counteract hysteria.

Warnings:  Melissa essential oil is generally safe, but can cause skin irritation in those with sensitive skin. Also, pregnant women should avoid Melissa essential oil until delivery.

Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)

Myrrh is extracted from the amber colored resin that oozes from cuts purposely made in the tree’s bark. A member of the Burseraceae family, Myrrh is considered sacred in many cultures and was also used by the ancient Egyptians in spiritual rites and medicinal formulations. They also used Myrrh extensively when embalming the Pharos and other nobles.

Health Benefits: Myrrh is excellent for treating stubborn skin conditions, such as bed sores, canker sores and ringworm.Other health benefits include:

• effectively cleanse oily skin and remove acne causing bacteria.
• reducing the pain and discomfort of the menstrual cycle. It also helps to regulate sluggish menstrual periods and cleanses the womb and has helped to reduce the pain of childbirth.
• treating respiratory infections, such as bronchitis, as well as aids in the elimination of mucous and sooths sore throats. Myrrh oil has proven effective in healing dental infections, such as gingivitis and other gum diseases.

Emotional Benefits: Myrrh is often used to promote relaxation and is beneficial for calming the brain and for aiding in attaining a meditative state.

Warnings: Myrrh essential oil should be used in small amounts, as it is very potent and large doses may be toxic. Because of its ability to stimulate the uterus, Myrrh should not be used during pregnancy, but is beneficial for starting labor.

Neroli (Citrus Aurantium var. Amara)

Neroli is a sweet smelling oil, also known as orange blossom and is extracted from the flowering blossoms on orange trees. It is one of the more expensive oils, as it takes 1,000 pounds of plant matter to make just one pound of essential oil. Neroli essential owes its name to the Italian princess who popularized its use, whose title was the Countess of Nerola.

Health Benefits- Neroli essential oil is deeply penetrating and aids in reducing the appearance of skin problems, such as wrinkles, scars and stretch marks. Neroli helps to balance the skin’s sebum and is used in creams to balance overly dry or oily skin.

Neroli oil is anti-spasmadic and can help heart palpitations and muscle spasms to subside. It is also effective in calming spasms in the intestinal tract and treating diarrhea.

The sedative properties of Neroli make it beneficial for treating insomnia and calming hyperactivity.

Emotional Benefits: Neroli Essential Oil has a sedative affect and is often used to relieve emotional anxiety, reduce stress and combat irritability and depression. It’s highly fragrant aroma is very relaxing and is often used when meditating and to calm colicky babies.

Neroli oil can help dizziness to abate and has even been used to treat vertigo.

Warnings: Neroli has a sedative affect, so it should not be used when an individual should be alert, such as when driving.

Niaouli (Melaleuca Viridiflora)

Niaouli is native to Australia and a member of the Myrtaceae family. Niaouli essential oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of the evergreen tree and due to its strong disinfectant properties, is a key ingredient in many soaps and personal care products.

Health Benefits: Niaouli is an effective analgesic, making it beneficial for relieving pain. Specific health benefits are:

• anti-septic and fights against harmful infections and bacteria invading the blood stream. Niaouli also fights intestinal parasites and heals urinary tract infections.
• Due to the anti-viral, anti-septic and ant-bacterial nature of Miaouli essential oil, it is effective against a wide range of seasonal illnesses and infections, such as the common cold, the flu, bronchitis and pneumonia.
• Niaouli treat tuberculosis, sinusitis, laryngitis and asthma.
• treatment for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases. Niaouli also prevents the build up of uric acid, which makes it effective in treating gout and arthritis.
• Due to its antibacterial nature, Niaouli is effective in cleaning skin and killing harmful bacteria that may cause acne and other skin infections. Niaouli is good for reducing sebum output in oily skin and for cleansing cuts, burns and scrapes.

Emotional Benefits: Niaouli is a natural stimulant.

Warnings: Niaouli essential oil has no known side affects and is generally non-irritating.

Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans)

Spicy smelling nutmeg essential oil is harvested from the seed of the peach-like fruit found on this evergreen tree. A member of the Myristicaceae family, nutmeg originates from the Far East and has been coveted by traders for hundreds of years.

Nutmeg has been used by many cultures, including the Indians, who used it as a digestive aid and the ancient Egyptians, who used it in the preparations they made to balm and mummify the dead.

Health Benefits: Nutmeg has been used as a treatment for sexual dysfunction in both men and women. Other health benefits of nutmeg include:

• added benefit of promoting a healthy menstrual cycle.
• a natural stimulant and can be used to stimulate heart activity and blood flow. Nutmeg stimulates the production of gastric juices for increased digestive efficiency and helps those suffering from loss of appetite.
• anti-inflammatory and when added to a carrier oil, can be used to massage sore muscles. The warming and stimulating properties also make this a welcome addition in a massage.
• anti-septic and helps fight mouth infections and promotes fresh breath. It is also used to fight bacteria growth in many personal care items.

Emotional Benefits: Nutmeg essential oil is invigorating and helps to clear brain fog. Nutmeg essential oil has been used in lieu of smelling salts to bring a person who has fainted, back to consciousness.

Warnings: Nutmeg essential oil should not be consumed in large amounts, as it can be toxic. Because of its stimulant properties, Nutmeg oil should not be used during pregnancy.

Orange (Citrus Sinensis)

Orange essential oil is one of the most recognized flavors. A member of the Rutaceae family, orange oil is extracted from the peel of the fruit by the cold pressing method.

Orange trees originate in China, but are now cultivated elsewhere, especially in the United States. With its crisp, invigorating aroma, orange essential oil is used to flavor and enhance many food products and is also a key mood enhancer in aromatherapy.

Health Benefits: Orange essential oil is anti-inflammatory and can reduce both internal and external irritation and swelling. Other health benefits of Orange oil include:

• supports the immune system and can guard against, as well as treat colds and seasonal viruses. Orange essential oil can stimulate a sluggish or clogged lymphatic system and can assist in toxin elimination.
• assists in the production and flow of bodily fluids, including breast milk, stomach bile, the menstrual cycle and hormone flow.
• helps to regulate the colon and relieves constipation. It is also beneficial in eliminating gas and flatulence.

Emotional Benefits: Orange essential oil is a natural anti-depressant and has been effectively used to rebalance mood, reduce feelings of stress and anxiety and promote a sense of joy.

Orange essential has a slight aphrodisiac affect and has the ability to treat both male and female sexual dysfunction.

Warnings: Orange essential oil can be phototoxic and should not be applied to skin that will be exposed to the sun.

Oregano (Oreganum Vulgare)

Widely used in cooking, Oregano is a flavorful, aromatic herb with many medicinal properties. Oregano is grown at high altitudes and was used by the ancient Greeks to treat illnesses and infections and is a common staple in Mediterranean regions.

Health Benefits: Oregano is antibacterial and has strong disinfectant properties, making it beneficial for treating cuts, scrapes and other skin wounds. Specific health benefits of oregano include:

• It is anti-viral and enhances the immune system’s ability to fight off the flu virus, as well as chicken pocks, the measles, viral meningitis and others. Oregano essential oil has also been used to treat the e-coli virus.
• combats internal infections, such as those of the colon, digestive tract, as well as the urinary tract. Oregano is also anti-fungal and protects against internal and external fungus growth. Its ability to kill parasites also make it effective in eradicating lice, tape worms, round worms and other parasites.
• a free-radical scavenger and helps to reduce the physical signs of aging, as well as prevent the organs from succumbing to cancer.

Emotional Benefits: Oregano essential oil contains sedative properties and can help to relax and relieve stress.

Warnings: Do not use Oregano essential oil near the nose or mouth, as it is an irritant to the sensitive mucous membranes. In high concentrations, Oregano essential oil can cause irritation to the skin. This oil should not be used by pregnant women.

Palma Rosa (Cymbopogon Martini)

Palma Rosa derives its name from the fact that it smells similar to rose oil and is often used as a substitute. A member of the Gramineae family, Palma Rosa is a wild grass that is cultivated before the flower appears at its top. The grass is usually dried for a week, and then distilled to attain the most fragrant oil. There are two types of Palma Rosa grass, Motia and Sofia grass. Sofia is the sweeter smelling of the two and the one most produced.

Health Benefits: Palma Rosa essential oil is beneficial for those with excessively oily or dry skin, as it regulates sebum output. Palma Rosa promotes moist, supple skin and aids in the healing of scars. Other uses of palma rosa include:

• digestive aid and also assists in optimal elimination. It is also helpful in treating dehydration.
• The antifungal properties of Palma Rosa make it useful in treating athlete’s foot and other skin infections. Palma Rosa is also a fever reducer and has been used to reduce muscle pain.
• Palma Rosa essential oil is often added to skin care products, such as lotions and soap. Because of its pleasant smell, Palma Rosa is a popular oil to use in an aerial diffuser.

Emotional Benefits: Palma Rosa’s sweet smell has a beneficial impact on the mind. It helps to calm agitation, lift depression and clear cobwebs from the brain. Palma Rosa energizes and invigorates.

Warnings: Palma Rosa oil is known to be safe, with little irritation reported.

Parsley (Petroselinum Sativum)

Parsley is commonly used as a food garnish and spice, but also has therapeutic and medicinal properties. Parsley essential oil is a main component in Ayurvedic Medicine and has been used as a natural breath freshener, as well as reproductive aid.

Health Benefits: Parsley essential oil is beneficial to female reproductive health, as it increases much needed blood flow to the uterine cavity. Parsley oil also reduces discomfort from sluggish and painful menstrual periods.

Parsley oil is also used to treat internal bacterial infections that result in diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome and urinary tract infections. Parsley essential oil stimulates the lymphatic system and aids in the expulsion of harmful toxins. Parsley oil also stimulates the circulatory system and cleanses the blood.

Parsley oil is anti-microbial, making it a good preservative for personal care items. Parsley essential oil also acts as a diuretic and increases urine output, cleansing the bladder and kidneys of toxins and calcium deposits.

Emotional Benefits: Parsley essential oil stimulates the nervous system and increases alertness and mental functioning.

Warnings: Parsley essential has been shown to be toxic to the liver in high doses. Also, parsley stimulates the uterus and may prompt abortion or preterm delivery in pregnant women.

Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin)

Patchouli is well known for its spicy/sweet smell that can be quite strong at times. A member of the Labiatae family, Patchouli originally comes from India and Malaysia and is one of the thicker oils. The signature scent of Patchouli, as well as its many medicinal benefits has made it a popular essential oil in aromatherapy.

Health Benefits: Patchouli essential oil is both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial, making it effective in speeding the healing of wounds and cuts, as well as eradicating fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot or nail fungus.

Patchouli essential oil is often used post-surgery, as it aids in skin regeneration, reducing scar tissue. Patchouli is also an excellent skin moisturizer and is beneficial to those with chronic dry skin or eczema.

Patchouli can be used as a natural deodorant and has also been successful in repelling insects. The essential oil also reduces the discomfort associated with allergies and helps to normalize hormone production. Patchouli is also recommended for treating sexual dysfunction.

Emotional Benefits: The scent of Patchouli is invigorating and clears the mind, improving mental alertness. Patchouli is commonly used to combat depression and anxiety, as well as increase energy.

Warnings: Patchouli is a very strong, but sweet scent and may cause aversion for some people.

Peppermint (Mentha Piperita)

Peppermint is a well known and loved herb that is actually a grafted hybrid, combining Spearmint and Watermint. A member of the Labiatae family, Peppermint is grown in many regions across the world, but t has its origins in the Mediterranean. Peppermint has a wide array benefits and documented use from the year 1000 BC.

Health Benefits: Peppermint is often used as a digestive aid and to calm nausea and upset stomach. Peppermint is anti-spasmodic and calms the cramping that causes diarrhea, as well as painful periods.

Peppermint essential oil has natural decongestant properties and opens the airways in the nose and chest, easing breathing.

Peppermint essential oil has an anti-inflammatory and cooling affect on the skin and can help to reduce the visual signs of many skin disorders, such as sunburn, acne, dermatitis and scabies.

Emotional Benefit: Peppermint essential oil is uplifting and can treat depression, as well as anxiety. Peppermint oil has also been used to treat vertigo, tension headaches and shock.

Warnings: Those with an aversion or sensitivity to menthol should avoid Peppermint oil. Also, because of its affect on the mucous membranes, peppermint should not be applied near the nose or mouth.

Peppermint essential oil can cause irritation in a high dose and should be avoided by pregnant women and young children.

Petitgrain (Citrus aurantium var. amara)

Petitgrain essential oil is extracted from the leaves and stems of the orange tree, while traditional orange essential oil is cold pressed from the orange peel and Neroli oil is extracted from the orange blossoms. Petitgrain is widely used to scent perfumes and lotions and is a key ingredient in eau-de-cologne. Its name is derived from the fact that Petitgrain essential oil used to be extracted from the small oranges before they grew and ripened.

Health Benefits: Petitgrain helps to regulate sebum production and is beneficial in combating oily skin. Petitgrain is an excellent astringent and facial toner and has been shown to reduce acne outbreaks.

Petitgrain is antiseptic and helps wounds to heal. It is also anti-spasmodic and reduces excessive coughing, bowel cramps and menstrual discomfort.

Petitgrain can be used as a deodorizer, for both the body and home. Its woodsy citrus scent is refreshing and uplifting. Petitgrain essential oil also combats insomnia and increases mental clarity.

Emotional Benefits: Petitgrain can be used at the onset of a panic attack to calm the sufferer and reduce anxiety. Petitgrain has been shown to slow the heartbeat to normal levels, reduce hyperventilation and diffuse anger.

Warnings: Petitgrain is mild and generally presents no problems.

Rose (Rosa damascene)

Rose essential oil is one of the most expensive and coveted of all oils. A member of the Rosaceae family, Rose oil is laborious to produce and requires over sixty thousand roses to produce one liter of essential oil. The rose is steeped in lore and its healing ability is legendary. Rose essential oil is highly fragrant and very well suited for aromatherapy.

Health Benefits:  Rose essential oil is very beneficial for the skin. It helps to heal eczema and other forms of dry and damaged skin. It is also added to many anti-aging preparations, due to its ability to soften wrinkles and produce plumper skin. Rose oil is often added to bath products, or bathwater to soften and perfume the skin. Other health benefits include:

• beneficial to those with heart and circulatory disorders and is especially helpful to those with high blood pressure. Rose oil increases circulation and funnels more oxygen to the organs.
• excellent for female reproductive health and is used to treat uterine cysts, fibroids and helps to jumpstart a sluggish menstrual cycle.
• can be employed to help ease the physical and emotional affects of menopause.

Emotional Benefits: Rose essential oil promotes a general feeling of wellbeing. Rose oil is a powerful mood regulator and has shown promise in treating depression, anxiety and reducing feelings of anger.

Warnings: Rose oil is generally safe and non-toxic, but is not recommended for pregnant women. The strong, heady smell of Rose essential oil may be overpowering for some people.

Because of its similar smell to Rose oil, some merchants may substitute or dilute Rose essential oil with Palma Rosa oil. This saves them money, as Rose oil is more expensive. Always ensure that you are purchasing pure, unadulterated rose oil.

Rose Geranium (Pelargonium Graveolens)

A member of the Geraniaceae family, Rose Geranium has a rose-like smell. This fragrant oil is extracted from the leaves of the plant, after it has begun to turn yellow.

This essential oil is produced from ten of the over seven hundred types of Rose Geranium. Its scent is very easy to distinguish from its cousin, Geranium Oil.

Health Benefits: Rose Geranium is known for its affect on the central nervous system. It has been used to reduce nerve related complications in persons with fibromyalgia, as well as neuropathy. Rose Geranium can also help reduce the occurrence of unintentional nervous movement. Other health benefits include:

• has diuretic properties and is helpful in reducing excess fluids and swelling, as well as flush calcium deposits from the liver and kidneys. It may also be helpful in draining and purging fluid from internal cysts.
• beneficial for skin, as it acts as an astringent, removing oil and reducing pores. The oil also works to detoxify the lymphatic system and remove stored up toxins.
• extremely beneficial to women’s reproductive health. It reduces the symptoms of PMS, regulates unnaturally heavy menstrual flow and balances hormone secretion.

Emotional Benefits: Rose Geranium positively affects the adrenal cortex and the central nervous system, encouraging feelings of wellbeing. Rose Geranium essential oil has been used to treat depression and anxiety and is also beneficial as a stress reliever.

Warnings: Due to its ability to impact hormones, Rose Geranium is not recommended for pregnant of breastfeeding women.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Origionally from Asia, Rosemary is now cultivated in Tunisia, France and Yugoslavia. A member of the Labiatae family, Rosemary is renowned for its effectiveness in treating illnesses of the brain and central nervous system. It has been used extensively in many parts of the world and was held in high esteem by many ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks, Egyptians and Romans.

Health Benefits: Rosemary has a number of health benefits including:

• enhance brain function, increase memory and stimulate positive thought. Rosemary also combats headaches and reduces migraine severity and nasal congestion.
• potent pain reliever and is especially beneficial to those with musculoskeletal diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Rosemary also helps in circulatory illnesses, such as varicose veins and heart problems and is also beneficial for raising low blood pressure.
• especially beneficial for treating neurological disorders. It can calm the complications of fibromyalga and other illnesses with nervous system involvement.
• diuretic properties and can be used to reduce bloating associated with obesity or pre menstrual syndrome. Rosemary oil is also a remedy for irritable bowel syndrome, gas and colitis.
• combat skin and scalp problems and is a common ingredient in hair care products. Rosemary is especially healing for dry skin conditions, such as eczema.

Emotional Benefits: Rosemary is beneficial in relieving stress and fatigue.

Warnings: Rosemary essential oil should not be used by those with high blood pressure, as it raises it. Also, pregnant women, as well as those with epilepsy should not use Rosemary.

Rosewood  (Aniba Roseaodora var. Amazonica)

Extracted from the Brazilian evergreen, Rosewood essential oil is very uplifting and has many benefits for the skin, as well as other organs and medical conditions. Rosewood is a member of the Lauraceae family and possesses a sweet, fragrant scent.

Health Benefits: Rosewood can be used for a number of health related issues:

• increases immunity and acts as an expectorant, which is helpful in treating seasonal respiratory illnesses, such as bronchitis. Rosewood is also a stimulant and increases production of digestive juices, aids the lymphatic system and promotes healthy blood flow.
• is considered anti-septic and excellent for wound care. This oil is also an insecticide and kills small bugs, such as ants, fleas and mosquitoes.
• has regenerative qualities and is excellent for reducing the signs of aging. You will find Rosewood essential oil as a key ingredient of many top shelf skin care lines.
• acts as an aphrodisiac and is often used to reverse impotence and female frigidity.

Emotional Benefits: Rosewood induces feelings of calm and pleasure. It is useful for reducing feelings of overwhelm and even for treating clinical depression. Rosewood is very relaxing when added to massage oil or to bathwater.

Warnings: Rosewood is generally considered non-irritating oil, but should always be diluted in a carrier oil.

Sage (Salvia officinalis)

A well known member of the Labiatae family, Sage is a strong smelling herb that must be used with caution. Is oil is extremely potent, but very beneficial when used under professional supervision. Sage has been used for centuries in various cultures, from the Chinese, to the Romans.

Sage has been praised for its many medicinal benefits, as well as ascribed mental and spiritual benefits. The Native Americans, as well as other cultures have used Sage in spiritual rituals, to drive out spirits and to cleanse their homes. Sage remains a central part of many cultural and new age spiritual practices.

Health Benefits: Sage has a variety of uses for your health:

• benefits female reproductive health and aid in reversing infertility. When diluted in bathwater or massage oil, Sage will increase uterine blood flow. Sage essential oil also prompts the production of estrogen, which helps to normalize the menstrual cycle and ease the symptoms of menopause.
• anti-inflammatory and helps to relieve muscle and join pain. When added to a salve or oil and rubbed on the chest, Sage opens the lungs, easing breathing and also acts as an expectorant. Sage also helps to reduce the occurrence and severity of asthma attacks.
• organ and system stimulant. Sage activates the central nervous system, the reproductive organs, the brain, as well as the gastric and circulatory systems.
• natural cleanser and antiseptic. It is antibacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial.
• added to skin preparations to aid in the healing of eczema, psoriasis, as well as herpes. Sage also helps to reduce the tremors associated with cerebral palsy and other illnesses with nervous system involvement.

Emotional Benefits: When vaporized, sage can have a calming effect on the emotions. It is known to ease depression and grief, as well as sooth anxiety.

Warnings: Sage is toxic, if taken orally. Also, Sage should be heavily diluted in stable carrier oil before applying to the skin. Sage should not be used by pregnant women or individuals with epilepsy. Those with high blood pressure should avoid Sage as well.

Sandalwood (Santalum Album)

Sandalwood essential oil is steam distilled from the highly fragrant bark of the Sandal tree. Sandalwood oil is one that gets better with age, with the most fragrant oil extracted from trees that are 80 years old. Sandalwood is highly coveted in many cultures and is a centerpiece of Hindu religious ceremonies. Native to India, Australia and Hawaii, Sandalwood is highly valued for its scent, as well as its spiritual and medicinal properties.

Because Sandalwood trees in India are nearing extinction, the oil is very expensive. However, many vendors sell diluted Sandalwood essential oil, which is less expensive (and less effective). 

Health Benefits: Sandalwood essential oil can be used for various health benefits:

• it is anti-inflammatory and beneficial for combating rheumatism and other inflammatory conditions. Sandalwood is also a fever reducer and its antiseptic properties make it beneficial for cleaning cuts and wounds.
• Sandalwood essential oil is an expectorant and beneficial for treating respiratory illnesses. Sandalwood also dilates the bronchial tubes and provides relief from chronic coughing and asthma, and pneumonia. Sandalwood essential oil also stimulates the mucous membranes of the urinary tract, expelling harmful substances.
• The essential oil is an anti-spasmodic and helps to reverse diarrhea, as well as reduce menstrual cramps and muscle spasms.
• Sandalwood is an emollient helps to sooth ad heal skin. It is helpful in healing skin infections and inflammation. Sandalwood essential oil is also used to scent many personal care items, male colognes and is a perfect choice for aerial diffusion.

Emotional Benefits: Sandalwood has the ability to balance the hormones and restore calm. Sandalwood essential oil is often diffused in a burner, or in the form of incense, providing a grounding, relaxing scent.

Sandalwood essential oil helps to reverse depression, calm anxiety and fear and increase the body’s ability to handle stress.

Warnings: Sandalwood essential oil is non-toxic and generally well tolerated. However, with any essential oil, it should be diluted before using on the skin. Sandalwood produced in Australia is a poorer quality and less expensive, with the best variety being Indian Sandalwood.

Spearmint (Mentha Spicata)

Slightly milder then Peppermint oil and a bit sweeter, Spearmint oil is full of benefits to the digestive system and general health. Spearmint essential oil contains less menthol then Peppermint, which makes it ideal for children or those with menthol sensitivities. Spearmint is cultivated in the Mediterranean and is a member of the Labiatae family.

Health Benefits: Spearmint essential oil provides excellent digestive support, reducing gas and flatulence, easing elimination. Spearmint also calms nausea and halts vomiting.

The menthol component makes Spearmint beneficial for those with bronchitis, pneumonia, or a cold. Spearmint opens the airways and acts as an expectorant.

Spearmint is included in homeopathic preparations for teeth whitening, to combat gum disease and halitosis.  It is also a natural insect repellant and the antibacterial properties allow its use for cleaning cuts and wounds, as well as using Spearmint essential oil in natural cleaning solutions.

Spearmint essential oil is stimulating and encourages optimal blood flow to the female reproductive system. Spearmint also helps to normalize irregular periods and reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Also, Spearmint essential oil was used by ancient Greeks to treat sexually transmitted diseases, including gonorrhea.

Emotional Benefits: Spearmint is uplifting and energizing. Spearmint essential oil combats headaches, reduces tension and stimulates the brain.

Warnings: Spearmint essential oil is mild and has no known toxicities or side affects. However, as with all essential oils, it should be diluted before use.

Tangerine (Citrus Reticulata)

Tangerines are the cousin of the Mandarin Orange and are native to China. However, Tangerines were spread to America, via Europe. The United States is now the largest producer of Tangerines and Tangerine essential oil. This sweet smelling, yet tangy oil possesses numerous benefits for the skin, as well as the digestive system and other areas.

Health Benefits: Tangerine essential oil heals the skin and has been used to minimize the appearance of stretch marks and fine lines.

Tangerine oil is antispasmodic and suppresses the tremors that cause diarrhea, vomiting and muscle convulsions. Tangerine essential oil is also anti-inflammatory and can reduce internal, as well as external swelling and irritation.

This oil also regulates the production of acid and bile in the stomach. It also heals any ulcers in the stomach and tones the entire digestive system.

Another benefit is that Tangerine oil calms an overactive nervous system and is a good therapy for those with multiple sclerosis and disorders involving the nervous system.

Emotional Benefits: Tangerine oil is calming and can be diffused to reduce stress and anxiety.

Warnings: Tangerine essential oil is generally noted to be safe and non-irritating. However, some have reported photosensitivity. To be safe, do not expose yourself to direct sunlight after applying Tangerine oil.

Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia)

A member of the Myrtaceae family, tea tree essential oil is native to Australia and has been a medicinal staple for the Australian Aborigines for centuries. The Tea tree is only found on the Australian continent, but its many benefits have prompted its wide use around the world. Tea Tree oil has a pungent smell, but that has not hindered its popularity and healing ability.

Health Benefits: Perhaps the most pronounced benefit of Tea Tree oil is its ability to heal virtually any type of infection. It has been used regularly to treat bacterial infections, as well as those of fungal and viral origin. Tea tree can also be used t fight gum disease and dental abscesses. Other health benefits of tea tree oil include:

• regularly used as a natural relief for Herpes outbreaks. The oil helps to relieve the pain and shorten the duration of an outbreak. It can also lengthen the time between outbreaks if used regularly. The oil is able to clear up many genital infections and reduce the occurrence of yeast infections.
• powerful immune system stimulant. It protects against and combats flu viruses as well as the common cold. Tea Tree oil is a decongestant and can be used to treat bronchitis, sinus infections, and asthma. Also, massaging the body with Tea Tree oil helps to revive a person suffering from shock.
• beneficial for scalp and hair maintenance, as it kills lice, reduces dandruff and helps to heal a raw skin resulting from Eczema, psoriasis and bed sores. Tea Tree oil is used to treat many skin ailments, including acne. Because of the benefits to the skin and scalp, Tea Tree oil is a common ingredient in many shampoos and skin creams.

Emotional Benefits: Tea Tree oil is primarily used for its topical medicinal benefits.

Warnings: Tea Tree oil is relatively safe, but has been noted to cause irritation in a small number of people. Tea tree oil should not be consumed.

Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris)

Thyme is a strong smelling herb that has been used since ancient times to treat a variety of illnesses. Thyme has been used to cure sickness and increase the vitality of the ancient Greeks and Romans and has also been included in the Egyptian mummification process.

Health Benefits: The health benefits of Thyme oil are:

• anti-inflammatory and is beneficial for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Thyme helps to break down uric acid that has calcified in the joints and organs. This oil can also help to alleviate joint and muscle pain. Thyme helps to reduce blood pressure and keeps the heart toned and operating well.
• anti-spasmodic and helps to regulate spasms of the muscles, nerves, respiratory system and elimination system. Thyme is also a diuretic and helps to flush toxins from the body through increased urination.
• has warming qualities that make it beneficial for massage (diluted). It has been used for treating sports injuries, sciatica sprains and general muscle pain.
• both antibacterial and antiseptic, which allows it to cure bacterial infections, both internally and externally, as well as help to heal wounds. Thyme essential oil can also act as a natural antibiotic and is used to treat chest and nasal infections, amongst others. Thyme essential oil has also been used to treat bladder and urinary tract infections.
• stimulates the production of estrogen and is helpful for normalizing a sluggish or nonexistent menstrual cycle. Thyme also helps to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and some of the adverse affects of menopause. Thyme has been said to aid in the speedier delivery of a baby as well as the placenta.

Emotional Benefits: Thyme oil has a reviving quality and energizes those suffering from exhaustion. Thyme combats depression and anxiety and increases memory.

Warnings: Thyme essential oil is extremely strong and should be used with caution. It has the ability to aggravate the mucous membranes, so it should not be used near the nose or mouth.

Also, Thyme can cause skin irritation, so it is not ideal for skin care preparations. When added to massage oil, a patch test for allergic sensitivity should be conducted before using. Thyme essential oil should not be used by pregnant women or anyone suffering from hypertension.

Vanilla (Vanilla Planifolia or Vanilla Fragrans)

Perhaps the most popular scent in the world, Vanilla essential oil is harvested from dried vanilla beans found in pods of the vanilla plant. This vanilla plant is a creeping vine native to Mexico and Central America. Used mainly for perfuming and altering the taste of an array of consumer products, Vanilla also has aromatherapy benefits.

Health benefits: The main benefits of Vanilla essential oil are emotionally therapeutic.

Emotional Benefits: Vanilla is an instantly recognized scent and immediately lifts the mood. Vanilla can be relaxing and for some acts as an aphrodisiac. The scent of vanilla can also stimulate hunger in a picky eater.

Warnings: Vanilla is non-irritating and usually well tolerated thus its inclusion in numerous skin and personal care products. As with all essential oils, Vanilla oil should be diluted prior to applying to the skin.

Vetiver (Vetiveria Zizanoide)

Also called Khus Khus, Vetiver essential oil is extracted from fragrant grasses found in India. The scent of this thick, dark oil becomes more fragrant with age. Vetiver is used as a healing aid in the practice of Ayurveda and possesses many general health benefits as well.

Health Benefits: Vetiver essential oil is moist and cooling, thus used in Ayurveda to lower fevers, cure heatstroke and the roots of the Vetiver are used to reverse dehydration.

Vetiver is anti-inflammatory and is beneficial for those with rheumatoid arthritis, muscle injuries and inflammation of the circulatory system. This oil is also antiseptic and beneficial for combating bacterial growth in wounds, especially in hot or humid climates.

Vetiver essential oil is beneficial to female reproductive health. It increases estrogen and progesterone production and has shown the ability to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual cycle as well as menopause.

This oil is also beneficial for strengthening the immune response and promotes the regeneration of skin, reducing scar tissue. Vetiver oil has also been used to fade hyper-pigmentation.

Emotional Benefits: Vetiver has been used as an aphrodisiac and can relieve both male impotence and female frigidity. The cooling effect of Vetiver helps to reduce stress and anxiety.

Warnings: Vetiver is a safe non-toxic oil and rarely causes irritation.

Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata var. Genuine)

Ylang Ylang essential oil is native to Asia and primarily produced in the Philippines, Indonsia and the Polynesian islands. Ylang Ylang oil is extracted from the fragrant flowers of the Canange tree. This highly fragrant floral scented oil has been increasingly used in aromatherapy, as well as a scenting agent for the perfume and personal care industries.

Health Benefits-  Ylang Ylang oil is hypo-tensive and helps to lower high blood pressure. Ylang Ylang can calm the heart in the case of a rapid heartbeat and helps to regulate breathing.

Ylang Ylang essential oil is often used to scent lotions and other personal care products. It also acts as a restorative tonic for the skin. The oil regulates the production of oil to combat acne and also aids in hair growth. This oil also helps to reduce inflammation and takes the sting out of bug bites.

Ylang Ylang essential oil reduces PMS symptoms and helps to promote a regular menstrual cycle.

Emotional Benefits: Ylang Ylang possesses a hypnotic scent and has been successfully used as an aphrodisiac.

Ylang Ylang is classified as an antidepressant and sedative and can also help one to cope with stress, anxiety and to recover from shock.  Ylng Ylang essential oil is also used to combat anger and erratic behavior, as it has the ability to calm the brain and nervous system.

Warnings: Used in large amounts, Ylang Ylang can cause headache and nausea. This oil is not recommended for pregnant women or individuals with epilepsy or cancer.

Toxi Essential Oils

The following essential oils are either highly toxic, adversely affect the brain and central nervous system, or have other reported adverse reactions and are not recommended for use in aromatherapy:

Essential Oil Carriers

Essential oils are highly concentrated and must be diluted in a stable carrier oil before using. Some common carrier oils include:

References

American Botanical Council: http://abc.herbalgram.org/site/PageServer
The Flower Essence Society: http://www.flowersociety.org/
National Center for Homeopathy: http://www.nationalcenterforhomeopathy.org/
Healthline (extracted from the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Health). Aromatherapy:http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/aromatherapy-1
Encyclopedia.com. Essential Oils: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/essential_oils.aspx
Encyclopedia Britannica. Essential oils: http://www.britannica.com/bps/search?query=essential+oil&blacklist=193135
Esoteric Oils. Index of Essential Oils: http://www.essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/

The following statistics come from a study performed by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Association in which 4000 students, advisers, and faculty in 200 schools took part.

Illicit drugs

22 percent of surveyed full-time college students ages 18 to 22 used illegal drugs in 2010. Those college-age students who were not attending college or were only enrolled part-time scored slightly higher at 23.5 percent. These numbers illustrate that the image of every college campus as totally drug-ridden is somewhat overblown, but almost a quarter of students is nevertheless a significant portion indeed.

Alcohol Consumption

Five different sources were reviewed to estimate recent levels of alcohol (and other drug) use among college students: the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study, the Core Institute, Monitoring the Future, the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, and the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Drs. Patrick M. O’Malley and Lloyd D. Johnston not surprisingly found very high rates of alcohol use among college students. Their work showed approximately two of five American college students were drinking two or more drinks several times a week.

From the SAMHSA study of 18- to 22-year-olds in 2010, among full-time college students 63.3 percent were current drinkers, 42.2 percent were binge drinkers, and 15.6 percent were heavy drinkers. The study went on to show that those graduating college tended to consume more alcohol than non-graduates. Alcohol by far seems to be the drug of choice on college campuses, and what should be cause for concern is the threat of short-term danger and long-term health effects represented by the prevalence of binge drinking in particular.

Cigarette Smoking

The SAMHSA study says “Cigarette use in the past month in 2010 was reported by 24.8 percent of full-time college students, less than the rate of 39.9 percent for those not enrolled full-time.” These rates are notably higher than the 21 percent of all Americans 18 or older who smoke reported by the CDC.

Prescription Drugs

ADHD medications like Adderall and Ritalin are relatively easily available because of the increasing number of ADHD diagnoses among young people. Drugs like these are are used by students without ADHD because of the concentration-boosting effects the drugs have on them. These methamphetamines are the equivalent of brain steroids. Often they’re abused by high-performing students looking for a competitive edge. Students feel pressure to maintain scholarships and get excellent grades, and may not realize there are potentially lethal side effects to these drugs. Students may also not understand that possessing these pills without a prescription is a felony.

In addition to SAMHSA’s study, The National Center on Addiction and Substances Abuse at Columbia University characterizes adolescent substance abuse as America’s foremost health problem. Their study illustrates that drug abuse in college is likely to begin earlier:

• Ninety percent of US-born residents who meet the criteria for being addicted began using drugs, smoking, or drinking before age 18.
• A quarter of US-born residents who began using drugs, alcohol, or smoking prior to age 18 developed an addiction, compared to one in 25 Americans who started using after age 21.
• One in five high school students meets the criteria for addiction and three quarters of all high school students have used addictive substances including tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine.

Vulnerable Students and Risk Factors

Columbia’s study highlights certain events, situations, and predispositions that may put students at greater risk for serious complications from drug use. These are:

• Genetics;
• Family history or exposure to someone who is addicted;
• Traumatic childhood events (rape, abuse, neglect, abandonment);
• Mental health and physical disorders;
• Low self-esteem;
• Bullying;
• Divorce;
• Difficulty learning, hearing, or seeing;
• Sexual identity issues;
• Eating disorders;
• Athletics.

While students may enjoy the freedom of college life, they may also struggle with the responsibilities of attending classes, getting good grades, eating, taking care of their health, and finding time for simple chores. Additional social factors such as meeting new people, tension between roommates, or having difficult instructors or classes can also increase stress levels for students. Both that increased liberty and high stress can set the stage for drug use and abuse.

Reducing the Risks

There is no magic formula or medical marvel to undo the damage that can be done by abusing illicit or prescription drugs, drinking excessively, or smoking. While some actions and circumstances can certainly help prevent college students from making long-lasting mistakes, there are no guarantees.

• Parental involvement;
• Open communication;
• Positive role models;
• Vision and goals for the future;
• Athletic, extracurricular, or community involvement.

Warning Signs

Parents, faculty, and students should recognize the warning signs of addiction or abuse. The following are majors signs, but this list is by no means exhaustive:

• Missed classes;
• Sudden change in demeanor;
• Lost concern about hygiene;
• Depression;
• Abrupt change in friends.

Risky Behaviors

Substance abuse can lead to other high-risk behaviors, some of which represent real harm to abusers and others. Students who abuse drugs and alcohol often simply don’t consider the very real and very serious consequences of out-of-control substance abuse:
• Murder, rape, robbery, other assaults;
• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases;
• Burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft;
• Burns, drowning, and suicide;
• Unplanned pregnancy, child abuse, and neglect.

Long-Term Effects of Drug Abuse

According to Columbia’s CASA, those who begin using illegal drugs, smoking, abusing prescription drugs, or drinking before age 18 have a one in five chance of becoming addicted and facing related lifelong hardships:

• Inability to secure and maintain employment;
• Inability to maintain relationships;
• Financial hardships related to damages, illness, treatment, and lost work time;
• Incarceration or probation and related fines;
• Losing children due to negligence or abuse;
• Health problems including heart, liver, and lung diseases;
• AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases;
• Loss of driving license and other civil privileges;
• Loss of life.

With a culture that promotes sex, drugs, and rock and roll and seemingly glamorizes risky behavior, it’s easy to see how students at this critical age can succumb to curiosity and experimentation. Understanding the short- and long-term risks of drug and alcohol abuse can help curb overindulgence and encourage personal responsibility.

Get Help

If you or someone you know is starting to exhibit any of the warning signs or risky behaviors above, it may be time to take a serious look at the reasons for drinking or using drugs in the first place. Help is available in a multitude of places including school health offices, local city clinics, and various organizations online. If you think there is a problem, chances are there is one. It’s never too late to change direction and get help for substance abuse including alcohol, prescription or illicit drugs, or even simply smoking. Be educated, responsible, and understand the risks of college drug use and the effects it can have on your health.

Author

Marina Salsbury planned on becoming a teacher since high school, but found her way instead into online writing after college. She writes for Online College Classes and other sites about everything from education to exercise.

What is Memory Loss?

According to the National Institutes of Health, memory loss (or amnesia) is unusual forgetfulness. This forgetfulness may lead to the inability to remember new events, events that have taken place years ago or possibly both. Amnesia may come on suddenly or be a gradual process. For some, amnesia may be temporary. For others, the effects of amnesia can be long-term and permanent.

Causes of Memory Loss

Memory loss can have a variety of causes. There are multiple portions of your brain that are responsible for your ability to create and retrieve memories. Damage or malfunction of these portions of your brain can lead to memory problems.

Some of the most common causes of memory loss include:

• Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication.
• A traumatic event that causes oxygen to not flow to your brain properly (which can include complications from anesthesia, your heart stopping beating or you not breathing for longer than a few minutes.
• Brain tumors.
• Brain infections (which can include HIV/AIDS, syphilis or Lyme Disease).
• Side effects of cancer treatments (including a bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy or brain radiation).
• Prescription medications.
• Seizure disorders.
• Dementia.
• Depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions.
• Dissociative disorder (the inability to remember traumatic events).
• The use of barbiturate or benzodiazepine drugs.
• Electroconvulsive therapy.
• Encephalitis.
• Head injuries.
• Heart bypass surgery.
• Neurodegenerative disorders (including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease).
• Long-term alcohol abuse.
• Concussions.
• Migraines.
• Permanent brain damage.
• Transient global amnesia.
• Transient ischemic attack.

10 Ways to Help Improve Your Memory

1. Drink in Moderation. While you may think drinking has a tendency to mess with your memory, drinking and improving your memory have an interesting relationship. Drinking too much will cause your memory to become fuzzy and leaving you second-guessing what you may have done or did not do the night before. This is evident in DUI testing. A DUI test shows that alcohol can have an affect on your brain’s ability to perform even the simplest of tasks including counting backwards from 10 or saying the ABC’s (all tasks we learn to complete at a very young age and tend not to forget). However, having one drink here and there may prove to increase your cognitive abilities. A French study found that individuals who drink in moderation (one drink per day) are more likely to do better on memory and cognitive tests that those who do not drink at all or those who drink heavily. Another French study also indicates that individuals over the age of 65 (who consume up to two glasses of wine per day) were 45 percent less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than older adults who do not drink alcohol at all.

2. It could be Depression. This can often be mistaken for memory problems. One of the main symptoms of depression is very similar to one of the main symptoms of memory loss — the inability to concentrate. If you are having trouble concentrating at school, at work or during daily tasks, it may seem as if you are unable to remember things. Depression can cause an increase of cortisol in your bloodstream. Increased levels of cortisol in your blood stream can lead to elevated amounts of cortisol in your brain, which can lead to symptoms of memory loss. Due to brain imaging studies (including MRIs and CT scans) doctors have been better able to study how levels of cortisol effect the brain — including the hippocampus. One study conducted on cortisol in the brain indicated that 12 to 15 percent of individuals with depression has suffered loss of the use of their hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for short-term memory activities of the brain. Untreated depression can make it difficult for your brain to retain any new information — this can make work or school very difficult.

3.  Participate in exercise. A lack of physical activity may lead to forgetfulness and problems with your memory. If you are having trouble remembering things at work or having difficulty concentrating, get up and take a quick walk. Exercise is good for the entire body — including your brain. Taking care of your body may also be able to help increase the functionality of your brain. Obesity (or being overweight) is a contributing factor to may diseases and conditions of the body that can have an immediate or eventual effect on your brain — including the development of Alzheimer’s disease or having a stroke. Living a sedentary live style can lead to a build-up of plaque in your arteries and blood vessel walls. This makes it more difficult for blood to be pumped to your brain. Clogged arteries can lead to more than just a heart attack.  Your brain needs regular exercise to maintain a constant flow of oxygen and nutrients. When your brain is not receiving enough nutrients or oxygen, its ability to function properly is compromised. Numerous studies show that individuals who participate in regular exercise are more likely to do well on cognitive performance testing. What is regular exercise? The National Academy of Sports Medicine indicates that healthy adults should participate in 30 minutes of exercise, five days per week. Children (under the age of 18) should participate in 60 minutes of exercise daily.

4.  Use visualization and association techniques to help improve your memory. If you have trouble remembering, try to remember this one fact: a picture is worth a thousand words. To best understand this technique, think about reading a story book when you were a child. Remember trying to visualize the characters? Or think about playing make believe when you were a child. Remember using your imagination to pretend you were at the beach or in a castle? You can use this same technique to help remember where you place things. For instance, set your glasses down in the rest room. Imagine you are cleaning them. Hours from now when you cannot find your glasses, remember that you were in the bathroom cleaning them. You ca also opt to use visualization techniques by grouping items together. For instance, try this technique if you have trouble remembering all of your items for work, create an image in your head that helps you link them together. Say you need your lunch, a laptop, your glasses and your ID badge. Remember that you need your ID badge to get into your office to use your computer. You cannot see if your screen without your glasses. If you cannot get your work done, you won’t have time for lunch. This may sound bizarre, but it can help!

5. Pay close attention to what is going on around you. Pay close attention to what others have to say during meetings or phone calls. Unlike an e-mail, you cannot refer to a phone call or meeting at a later date. If you need to carry post-it notes around with you, write key words or phrases that are likely to help you remember an important meeting or phone call later. Avoid day dreaming during important events or getting side-tracked. If a phone call or meeting is important, try to “forget” about your other worries until later so that you can devote your full attention to the task at hand.

6. Repeat what you are told. This works especially well if you are trying to remember names. When you are introduced to a new individual, try responding with “It is nice to meet you [insert the persons name here]. Numerous studies show that if you repeat an individual’s name back after first learning it, you are much more likely to remember it. To remember names, you can also try visualization and association techniques. Take note of where you met the person or features — such as beautiful blue eyes or long hair. By associating a particular place or feature with a person, you are more likely to remember their name.

7. Remember important digits by chunking numbers together. This works well for phone numbers, PIN numbers, social security numbers and license plat numbers. Try chunking all numbers just like you read off a phone number in sets of three to four numbers instead of a long 10-digit number.

8. Get more sleep. When you are able to devote eight hours each night to sleep, you will be able to think, concentrate and remember more the next day. You will be better able to concentrate on the tasks at hand rather than focusing on being tired, when you should get a cup of coffee or going home and snuggling up in your bed.

9. Use your environment to remember bits of information. This works similarly to tying a string around your finger without having to actual tie a piece of string around your finger. If you remember something in the middle of the night. Look at your alarm clock or nightstand and try to associate what you are remembering with that item, so that when you wake up in the morning you will associate your alarm clock or nightstand with what you thought of in the middle of the night. This beats getting up in the middle of the night to complete the task you remembered while relaxing in bed.

10. Practice makes perfect. You cannot improve your memory if you do not work on it. If you need to, make small games to help improve your memory. Break out a child’s matching game (card game). You can also opt to read an article in the paper and try to remember as many names and places in the article as possible. Spend five minutes completing another task and then try to write down as many names and places in the article as possible..that you remembered.

Watch this video for a few other methods to improve memory:

Click here to view the embedded video.

Ways to Exercise Your Mind

Keeping a sharp mind may be as simple as exercising your mind. In order to keep your mind sharp, you need to use it. Here are some ideas:

• Physical activity is not the only type of activity essential for functioning of your brain. You need to stay mentally active as well. To stay mentally active, try doing crossword puzzles, read a new section of the paper, take a different route to work, learn how to play a musical instrument or sport or volunteer with a local organization.
• Visit with your friends and family frequently. Social interaction can help to prevent stress and depression, which can lead to memory loss. Whenever you are invited to a social function, attend it. Do not be afraid to ask friends or family members to engage in social activities with you as well.
• Try to organize your life. Use a calendar or planner to keep your life on track. Also, organize your house. Organizing your house and life will make it easier for you to remember what is going on.
• Limit your distractions when focusing on a task. Try to do one thing at a time. If you take tasks one step at a step, you are more likely to be able to focus on the task at hand.
• Manage chronic health conditions. Follow your doctor’s prescribed treatment methods for any chronic conditions — such as diabetes, high blood pressure and depression. If you take good care of yourself, your memory is more likely to remain intact as well.
• Try meditation. Meditation can help you clear your mind and reduce stress. Stress can make it more difficult for you to remember important things when you mind it cluttered with a lot of unnecessary information. Meditation can help you relax and focus on the more important things in life.
• Take a yoga or Pilates class. These classes focus on a mind-body connection. They can allow you to clear your mind while reaping the physical and mental benefits of regular exercise.

Diet and Your Memory

Improving your diet may just be able to help stimulate your brain and make you less forgetful. By now you are probably aware of the importance of eating a healthy, well-balanced diet. The National Academy of Sports Medicine recommends a diet packed with whole grains, lean meats, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products. A healthy, well-balanced diet serves as fuel for your entire body — including your brain; giving the term “brain food” an entirely new meaning. Here are some foods that can help improve your memory, that you may not be aware of.

• Consume omega-3 fatty acids or fish oil. Omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be particularly beneficial to your overall health — including the health of your brain. Omega-3 fatty acids are powerful antioxidants that help to reduce free radical damage to the brain and can also help to decrease your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Omega-3 fatty acids can be consumed through the consumption of cold water fish including salmon, trout, mackerel, tuna, halibut, herring and sardines. If you are not a fan of eating fish, you can consider taking a fish oil supplement. There are also a number of non-fish products that contain omega-3 fatty acids including soybeans, pumpkin seeds, flaxseed oil and walnuts.
• Reduce the amount of saturated fats in your diet. Numerous research studies show that diets that are high in saturated fat can increase your risk of memory loss and dementia as well as inhibit your ability to concentrate. Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products including whole milk, red meats, cheese, butter, ice cream and sour cream.
• Consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables on a daily basis. Fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants. Antioxidants can help to product your brain from free radical damage, which can essential damage the tissues of your brain. Colorful fruits and vegetables tend to have a higher concentration of antioxidants. Consider consuming spinach, broccoli, lettuce, Swiss chard, watermelon, mangoes, apricots and cantaloupe.
• Consume carbohydrates as a source of energy for your brain. Carbohydrates can help to improve your mental game. However, you need to choose the right type of carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates (such as white bread, sugar and refined grains) will give you a quick boost followed by a rapid crash. Complex carbohydrates (including high-fiber cereals, brown rice, whole beans and whole-wheat bread) will provide you with energy that lasts.

Click here to view the embedded video.

Vitamins and Minerals For Improving Memory

Vitamins and minerals have many attributes that can be beneficial to your overall health including improving your immune system, strengthening your bones and promoting the health of your joints. Another benefit of vitamins and minerals is aiding in the health of your brain — including the functioning of your short and long term memories. Here are some of the best vitamins and minerals for the health of your brain and memory:

• The vitamin B complex. The vitamin B complex is a group of eight B vitamins that aid in the metabolism of food into fuel sources that can be used by thee body. The B vitamins are essential for your memory. Folic acid is important in decreasing the amount of homocysteine in the bloodstream. Homocysteine is a harmful and toxic amino acid that can damage brain cells; leading to memory loss and a decline in cognitive functioning. Folic acid can be found in green, leafy vegetables, orange juice and fortified products — such as cereals and bread. Vitamins B6 and B12 are also important to the health of your memory. They help to produce red blood cells, which help to transport an adequate supply of oxygen to your brain. Vitamins B6 and B12 can be found in meat, fish, eggs, poultry, potatoes, milk, fortified products and green, leafy vegetables.
• Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, is also important in cognitive function and in the prevention of mental illnesses — which is especially prevalent in the elderly population. “The Vitamin Book” indicates that vitamin D can help improve cognitive performance, mood and physical performance in older individuals. Vitamin D can be found in sunlight, tuna, salmon, mackerel, margarine, liver, beef, milk and sardines.
• Antioxidant vitamins including vitamin A, C, E  and beta-carotene can help to protect your brain tissues from damage from free radicals. Free radicals are harmful, toxins found in your bloodstream. To help protect your brain, consume antioxidant-rich foods including bell peppers, spinach, berries, citrus fruits, broccoli and vegetable oils.
• Choline and thiamin are two nutrients found in the body that fall into the vitamin category. Cholin is essential for making a neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine, which helps aim in the memory process. Choline can be found in peanuts, milk and egg. Thiamin is important in the synthesis of acetylcholine. You can find thiamin in pork, cereals, peanuts, squash and dried beans.

Herbs for Memory and Mental Function

Herbs are another way to natural improve your mental function and memory. You should always talk to your doctor prior to beginning herbal supplements for memory as herbs may interact with any prescription medications you may be taking. Here are some herbs recommended by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to help improve mental function and memory:

Ginkgo is an extract made from the herb, Ginkgo Biloba. This is a well-established herb in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Research indicates that ginkgo may also be effective in treating and improving normal age-related memory loss. Ginkgo may also be able to enhance mental functioning in younger individuals. In six out of nine double-blind studies, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center indicates that Ginkgo Biloba extract was able to significantly improve age-related mental decline compared to individuals who were given a placebo.

The supplement phosphatidlyserine (also referred to as PS) has been widely used across Europe to treated individuals with varying stages of dementia. In one double-blind study (with 149 participants), PS provided to show significant benefits for those suffering from dementia. The individuals who saw the most improvement where those with the most advanced stages of dementia.

Ginseng is another popular herb that has been studied in terms of mental enhancement, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. However, it is important to note that the outcome of research studies on Ginseng have varied from trial to trial. In a 2 month trial with 112 healthy, middle-aged adults, results showed that individuals given ginseng saw an improvement in abstract thinking ability. However, reaction time, memory and concentration saw no noticeable difference between the participants who received ginseng and the participants who received the placebo.

When to Visit a Doctor

Unfortunately, we cannot always manage memory problems on our own. If you notice that your memory loss has started affect to your daily activities. A doctor can preform a physical examination, check your memory as well as your problem solving skills. Treatment for memory loss problems largely depends on the cause of your memory problems.

Resources

The National Academy of Sports Medicine’s “Essentials of Personal Fitness Training”; Scott Lucett; 2008

“The Vitamin Book”; Harold Silverman, Joseph Romano and Gary Elmer; 1999

Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC, Callahan CM, Gao S, Unverzagt FW, Xu Y, Hall KS, Hui SL. Association of antioxidants with memory in a multiethnic elderly sample using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.  Am J Epidemiol 1999;150(1):37-44.

National Institutes of Health: Memory Loss

HelpGuide.org: Improving Your Memory

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center: Enhancing Memory and Mental Function

In fact, the most recent news sightings about HGH are about National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell, predicting that the players and team owners in the NFL will soon agree to regular random (blood and urine) tests designed to detect the presence of this evil substance. In an ESPN interview earlier this week, he expressed his regret that this evil PED has not already been declared “illegal” by the NFL Players’ Association; however, he said he expected to see the new policy accepted and in place in the very near future.

However, if you speak to a physician or even someone who knows a little about biology, you’ll likely get a very different story. Moreover, if that doctor is also an endocrinologist, you may even find that recent studies of HGH have shown it to be effective not only in enhancing physical growth, and healing injuries more quickly than normal, but in even more important areas of medicine and wellness.

What is HGH?

In reality, HGH is not some laboratory-concocted Pharma-created designer-drug; it’s a substance that occurs naturally in the human body. In fact, without it, we would probably never move physically beyond our immature childhood forms. Human growth hormone is essential for the expansion and generation of body-parts, without which we cannot grow into adult-sized bodies.

Up until the age of about 30, we all have high levels of human growth hormone running through our bodies. Without it, we’d never grow from our child-bodies into adult forms. However, since HGH is no longer required for body-growth by the time we’ve reached that age, its levels by then are reduced, by nearly 80 percent.

At the same time, however, HGH is also responsible for the repair and regeneration of human tissue throughout our lives. As we continue to age, we lose about another 12 to 15 percent of that remaining amount each decade, so we no longer have all the internal weapons to bring to bear for rapid healing, as we did when we were younger. As HGH decreases, we start to experience weight gain, loss of muscle mass, decreased energy levels, and other slight diseases related with aging. In addition, the process of body-damage without normal repair (what we call “natural aging”) continues to accelerate. (This is also why it’s become an issue for aging athletes, seeking to prolong their careers or just recover quickly from injuries sustained, as discussed below.)

Some physicians have even prescribed HGH injections for patients who suffer from chronic injuries and diseases that tend to waste away body-tissues. In some well-documented (though admittedly anecdotal) cases, the effects of Lyme Disease have been curtailed (and sometimes even reversed) through these regular shots. However, since the cost of such treatments can be as much as $1000 per injection, this use of HGH is still very limited at this point.

HGH and the sports world

The controversy around the use of HGH supplements by professional athletes stems from the value of this substance (which once again occurs naturally within the body during our youthful years) in promoting rapid recovery from bodily injuries, both major and minor. As more than a few doctors have already discovered, the addition of HGH to the regimen of an athlete recovering from injuries can actually accelerate the healing process considerably.

Among the most famous of those who in recent years availed themselves of this boon to health and healing is former New York Yankees pitcher Andy Pettitte.

During a period a few years back when Pettitte was recovering from a malingering arm injury, his doctor prescribed and administered at least one HGH treatment. Unfortunately, Andy later acknowledged this to his team and the honchos at Major League Baseball (considering full-disclosure as the better part of valor, in light of the controversy over “performance enhancement drugs”); instead of being commended for his  honesty, he was upbraided and condemned as a PED felon, and has been linked with “steroid use” every since, thanks to ignorant and uncaring sports media and others. (Somehow this attempt (even on the advice of a licensed physician) to get back to better health sooner, using something his younger body once naturally produced, is now considered to be in the same class as taking steroids to artificially enhance his normal physique.)

One question begs to be asked: As noted above, NFL Commissioner Goodell is hoping the NFLPA and owners add HGH testing to their approved league regulations. As yet, however, there is no explanation, from Goodell or anyone else, as to how these tests will distinguish among:

(a)    the natural levels of HGH, as produced in the bodies of younger players (up to the age of about 30);

(b)   synthetic or natural supplements, now available both over the counter and by prescription, designed to promote natural HGH production; and

(c)    actual “live” HGH injections, administered into the bloodstream, whether under a doctor’s care or not).

We might recall, meanwhile, that the proposed banning from baseball of Manny Ramirez earlier this year (to which he responded by retiring from the game) was due to his failed drug-test, and the discovery of  … not actual steroids in his bloodstream, but other substances (normally used by pregnant women to divert possible miscarriage) that were found there, which have among their side-effects the “masking” of steroid-use. Could HGH discovered in the bloodstream of aging (over-30) athletes soon receive similar circumstantial treatment?

HGH as life-extender?

Of course, as private business entities, both the MLB and the NFL (along with the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League, U.S. Tennis and Golf associations, et alia) have the right to decide what is or is not permitted among their professional athletes. Whatever they and their respective players’ associations arrive at, in terms of labor-contract negotiations, is their decision and nobody else’s. However, the demonization of human growth hormone must seem a bit extreme, especially to those working in the naturopathy and wellness realms.

For example, natural-healing and life-extension experts have been making inroads toward either synthesizing HGH, or assisting the body in other ways, to restore production of this valuable substance to its earlier levels. While the research continues, many sites currentlypromote something called “HGH Activator,” which simply combines various existing amino acids and other healthful ingredients into a capsule or powder, which is reported to enhance a natural increase of HGH production within the body.

Among the contents of this particular remedy are a laundry-list of health supplements, most of them already available individually at your local health store: L-Glutamine, L-Arginine, L-Lysine, L-Glysine and Colostrum, among other things. Each of these substances occurs naturally in some form or percentage within the human body. The supplement is designed to trigger HGH production, not only for the healing of injuries, but for actually extending life, by slowing down (or even reversing?) the “aging process” that accompanies the ‘natural” breakdown of the body as it wears out over time.

If any of these breakthroughs proves successful, the odds are that rather than trying to ban HGH in professional sports, they’ll be trying to produce it as an essential part of the average diet.

- Steve Trinward, Wellness Correspondent

For those who remember the days when “the munchies” were a basic given if you indulged in a little pot-smoking, the news seems counter-intuitive. However, according to studies, new research appears to show that marijuana smokers may actually face lower risks for obesity than those who never inhale.

The study cited was conducted by French researchers, using American data. They examined the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), and correlated marijuana use to obesity rates (as reported by varying segments among the participants). About five percent of the participants in the initial survey reported using cannabis at least once in the previous year. The researchers used this factor to divide the group, and then determined the average body mass index (BMI) within both groups, to measure the relative obesity.

They found that nearly one-quarter (between 22 and 25 percent) of those not smoking pot were definably “obese”; meanwhile, among those admitting to some cannabis use, the rate was only about one-sixth (16 to 17 percent), a difference well beyond statistical variances. What’s more, among those who reported smoking more marijuana, or more frequently (three days a week in a small sample of respondents), only about 14 percent of them were obese.

This was no pre-determined study, intended to promote cannabis-use, however; the research team was mostly began examining the data with the expectation of proving yet another reason why cannabis is not good for you. The results they got were so surprising, they repeated the process, studying a second (smaller) set of survey data, this time from the National Comorbidity Survey, and got the same results. In all the two studies involved over 50,000 subjects.

Yann Le Strat, a psychiatrist at Louis Mourier Hospital in France (and an addictions therapist with his own anti-drug perspective), was one of the chief researchers involved. He was quick to offer alternative suggestions for these results, when interviewed by MyHealthNewsDaily. He noted, for example, that both surveys had involved participant responses to survey questions, rather than rigid laboratory conditions, and speculated that some pot smokers might have under-reported their weight situations, thereby skewing the results.

He also postulated a possible link between pot smokers and better dietary habits, or even more exercise, although he placed less viability on the latter premise. “On a personal point of view,” he reportedly said. “I would be surprised that cannabis use is associated with a higher rate of physical activity, but this cannot be ruled out.”

Given the effects of marijuana use on enhancing the appetite, this “better diet” theory seems specious at best. Not only among recreational users with “munchies,” but in many medical marijuana clinical situations, (where cancer patients are regularly using cannabis to overcome the nausea brought on by chemotherapy and other treatments), the tendency after ingesting cannabis tends toward bingeing, not fasting or nibbling a bit. (Meanwhile, the calming and relaxation (almost vegetation) concurrent with most pot-smoking renders the “exercise” premise almost delusional.)

There’s also confirmation that “Cannabis use is known to increase appetite.” It cites studies now under way, which are attempting to develop synthetic drugs to block brain receptors activated by cannabis compounds, in hopes those drugs might one day help to reduce hunger. “However,” the article concludes, “very few studies have looked at the link between cannabis use and obesity.”

The possibility that some components of cannabis might actually help people to lose weight was also considered. However, Le Strat’s response to this idea (rather than urging an end to the War on Some Drugs) was to recommend further pharmaceutical research, to isolate those components into yet another “pill.”

The study results were published August 24^th in the American Journal of Epidemiology. One of the authors has reportedly also submitted an application for a patent in Canada, under the title, “Use of Marijuana and Compounds Therein for Treating Obesity.”

Other links to this story:

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-20102773-10391704.html

http://theweek.com/article/index/218940/fight-obesity-with-marijuana

http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/08/marijuana-slims-pot-smoking-linked-to-lower-body-weight/

- Steve Trinward, Wellness Correspondent

What is Inversion Therapy and How Can it Help with Back Pain?

Inversion therapy is often indicated as a method of relief for those suffering from back pain. This type of therapy may be used on its own or combined with more traditional forms of medicine to help provide patients with relief from back pain. Inversion therapy takes gravitational pressure off of the disks and nerve roots found within your spinal column. This type of therapy also claims to increase the space between your vertebrae. Inversion therapy is an example of spinal stretching — or spinal traction — which has been used in attempts to relieve the pain of back pain suffers.

Inversion therapy places a patient in an upside down position. This helps to relieve pressure on the spinal column and nerves. By reducing pressure, the goal of inversion therapy is to significantly reduce back pain.

Benefits of Inversion Therapy:

• Proponents of inversion therapy for back pain indicate that traction can help to restore proper alignment to the spine. A misaligned back and hips can be a force of pain and inflammation throughout the entire back. Encouraging proper posture can help alleviate back pain in suffers.
• Inversion therapy can help back pain suffers regain flexibility in their backs. Stretching can be performed on an inversion table that is often too painful for back pain suffers to perform in an upright position. Stretches can help to strengthen the muscles of the back as well as the pelvis and hips. Proper alignment of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is important in alleviating back pain.
• Inversion therapy can also help increase the flow of blood to the back. By stimulating circulation, there is an increased amount of oxygen flowing to your back muscles. Increased oxygen flow can help reduce pain and inflammation in your muscles and encourage proper functioning of your back muscles.
• Inversion therapy can also help to relieve stress. The full body stretching that occurs with the use of inversion therapy can help to take your mind off of back pain and may even allow you to sleep better.
• Height loss is a normal part of the aging process. Inversion therapy can help to prevent height loss as the result of cumulative effects of gravity on your body throughout your lifetime.
• Inversion therapy can also help reduce pain and realign your spine following a workout. If your back pain is only occasional, inversion therapy may be able to help undo the effects of an intense workout. High-impact activities — like running — can cause spinal compression. One-sided activities — like golf — can cause your spine to be pulled out of alignment. Minor misalignment of the spine can often correct themselves through inversion therapy.

Inversion therapy usually begins by inverting a patient at 25 to 30 degree angles. This allows a patient to become comfortable with the idea of essentially being turned upside down. Once a patient is comfortable with this degree, a patient is then progressed to a 60 degree angle. Many patients are comfortable at this mark and experience pain relief. It is often not necessary to extend beyond a 60 degree angle to a 90 degree angle. However, an inversion table can extend to 90 degrees. Patients may opt to go the full 90 degrees. Little inversion is necessary to reap the benefits of inversion therapy for back pain. Patients who receive inversion therapy at an angle of just 25 degrees for a few minutes daily are able to ease muscle tensions, train core muscles, alleviate pressure on the spine and improve the flow of lymphatic fluid throughout the body.

Multiple studies have been completed on the use of inversion therapy for back pain. In a 1978 study, back pain suffers who engage in inversion therapy were able to reduce their pain by almost 35 percent immediately.

Another study indicates that inversion therapy has been beneficial in improving the quality of life of back pain suffers. Over 80 percent of back pain suffers were able to return to work as well as normal everyday activities following just eight inversion table treatments. Another study also indicates that 70 percent of participants were able to cancel scheduled back surgeries as the result of inversion table treatments.

Back pain suffers are not the only individuals who have seen relief from pain as the result of inversion therapy. Numerous studies have found inversion therapy beneficial in the treatment of the following conditions and ailments:

• Fibromyalgia
• Neck pain
• Pinched nerves
• Scoliosis
• Spinal stenosis
• Herniated discs
• Arthritis
• Vertebral compression fractures
• Headaches
• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
• Migraines

Inversion therapy may be offered at chiropractic clinics as well as at alternative medicine clinics and wellness centers. Inversion tables can also be purchased online for use in the privacy of your own home. Prior to investing in an inversion table, it is a good idea to try inversion therapy out. Contact local chiropractic or alternative medicine clinics in your area for pricing and availability of inversion therapy.

It is important to remember that inversion therapy is not for everyone. Always consult your physician prior to beginning inversion therapy for back pain or any other health ailment. Inversion therapy slows your heartbeat and increases your blood pressure when you remain in an inverted period for more than a coupe of minutes. Inversion therapy also increases the pressure in your eyes. As a result, those with high blood pressure, glaucoma and heart disease should not engage in inversion therapy. Those suffering from osteoporosis, middle ear infections, pink eye, retinal detachment, circulatory disorders and those with recent joint replacements — especially joint replacement of the hip and knee — should consult their physician prior to beginning inversion therapy. Women who are pregnant, those who have recently fractured bones, recent stroke suffers, those who are clinically obese and individuals with severe spinal cord damage should exercise extreme caution and always consult a physician prior to beginning inversion therapy for back pain.

When trying inversion therapy, you should always have help around. It may be difficult to get on and off of the inversion therapy table, especially with a back injury. Never engage in the use of an inversion therapy table while alone.

References

“The National Academy of Sports Medicine: Essentials of Personal Fitness Training”; Scott Lucett; 2008
MayoClinic.com: Does Inversion Therapy Relieve Back Pain?
Energy Center: Benefits of Inversion Therapy

With nearly all individuals having access to the Internet, a diagnosis of cancer may mean research on how to treat cancer, alternative treatment methods and even herbal supplements to help ease the pain, side effects and even reduce the spread of cancer. While individuals believe that herbs are natural and safe, research indicates otherwise. Research conducted by a geriatric oncologist at the Northwestern University Memorial Hospital indicates otherwise. When receiving chemotherapy treatment for cancer, herbal supplements may do more harm than good.

What is Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is a common form of treatment for many cancers. It is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill all of the fast growing cells in your body.  Chemotherapy is used for most forms of cancer because cancer cells grow and rapidly divide more quickly than any of the other cells in your body.  This form of treatment may also be used with other treatments to more effectively treat cancer — such as surgery to remove a tumor or growth. Chemotherapy can help ensure all cancer cells are removed from the body following surgery. Chemotherapy may also be used prior to radiation therapy or surgery in an effort to shrink a tumor. For individuals with advanced cancer, chemotherapy may be used to help alleviate signs and symptoms of cancer — this is known as palliative chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy has many side effects that may occur as the result of treatments. Side effects may range from mild to severe depending on the type of chemotherapy drugs used. Typical side effects of chemotherapy include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Hair loss
• Fever
• Pain
• Constipation
• Mouth sores
• Bruising easily

Most of these side effects subside after treatment for cancer is stopped. However, there are a number of side effects that can last much longer or even be permanent. These side effects can include heart problems, lung tissue damage, nerve damage and infertility. Undergoing cancer treatment also leaves you at risk for developing a secondary cancer.

The side effects you experience largely depend on the dosage and type of chemotherapy you will be receiving. Chemotherapy can come in the form of pills, topical cream — often used for certain types of skin cancers, infections, intravenous medications or may be directly poured into the effected body cavity during surgery. Intravenous medication is the most common form of chemotherapy given.

The effectiveness of chemotherapy largely depends on the type of cancer you have, how advanced the cancer is and how well your body responded to chemotherapy treatments. Your doctor will monitor your progress along the way and may opt for other forms of treatments as he/she sees fit — including surgery, radiation therapy or clinical trials.

Supplement Impacts on Cancer Treatment

June McCoy — MD, MPH — is a Northwestern University Memorial Hospital geriatric oncologist, who in August of 2011 gave a report to the American Society of Clinical Oncology. This report warms of how popular supplements could have a negative impact on cancer treatment — in particular chemotherapy treatment.

According to Dr. McCoy, herbal supplements are defined as whole plants or parts of plants that have therapeutic purposes in the field of complementary and alternative medicine. Herbal supplements can interact with chemotherapy drugs decreasing their effectiveness. Dr. McCoy indicates that some herbal supplements may have more of an effect on chemotherapy drugs than others. For instance, long term use of a garlic supplement may increase your risk of bleeding during surgery. Dr. McCoy indicates that using herbs in moderation — while cooking and preparing meals– will not have an effect on your chemotherapy treatment. However, long term use and large quantities of herbal supplements may adversely affect the outcome of your chemotherapy treatments.

Common Supplements Used By Cancer Patients

Garlic. Garlic — or Allium sativum — is a commonly used herb. Alternative and complementary medicine practitioners have advocated the use of garlic for the treatment of various health ailments — including cancer treatment. According to the University of Maryland, clinical trials have indicated that garlic has demonstrated positive outcomes in helping to alleviate a number of cancer symptoms. Others believe that garlic is an effective means of prevention when it comes to stomach and prostate cancers.

Ginger. Ginger is a powerful and multi-functional herb with a long history of providing relief for a number of health ailments. Rhizome and ginger root are used medicinally for a variety of reasons. Research conducted by Rockefeller University indicates that the pungent constituents of ginger (including zingerone, shogaols and vallinoids) can help in preventing cancer.

Rosemary. Rosemary is an evergreen shrub that has been commonly used as a food flavoring. According to Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, rosemary along with its functional ingredients of caffeic acid and rosemarinic acid contain powerful antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help to fight off free radicals which can cause damage to the body and are believed to cause some cancers. However, more research is needed on rosemary as a cancer preventing agent.

American Ginseng. American ginseng is a perennial herb that grows throughout North America and is believed to have anti-cancer properties. Herbalist and alternative health practitioners believe that ginseng can help to inhibit the growth of cancer cells — especially in the liver. It is important to remember that American ginseng does not cure cancer or kill cancer cells.

Cumin. Cumin is a small, annual herb that is generally grown for its brown seed. Cumin has been part of a natural health diet for ages. According to Rockefeller University, studies suggest that harmful toxins help to promote the growth of cancer cells — especially in the liver. Cumin seeds have been demonstrated as effective in protecting against liver cancer because cumin is ale to help purge the body of cancer-causing toxins.

Fish Oil. Fish oil — or omega-3 fatty acids — may be helpful in the treatment of colon as well as prostate cancers. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid that helps to increase the levels of cytokines in the human body. Cytokines is a type of protein, that directly attacks cancer cells, as indicated by the Harvard School of Public Health. Fish oil is also beneficial for your overall health including fighting off infections, preventing infections, lowering cholesterol levels and the risk for heart disease.

Green Tea. Green tea contains epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is the most abundant polyphenol substance in green tea. The polyphenol substance helps to detoxify toxins and carcinogens throughout the human body, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. This can help to prevent cancer cell activity throughout the body.

Astragalus. The root of the Astragalus membranaceus — which is a Chinese medicinal herb is used in protecting the immune system of cancer patients — especially lung cancer patients. Cancer is a disease that attacks the body’s immune system. The active ingredients in astragalus are believed to help stimulate the immune system. This can help cancer patients fight off infections while undergoing cancer treatments.

Turmeric. Turmeric — also referred to as Ayurveda — is a spice prescribed as part of traditional Indian medicine. The active component of turmeric is curcimin. Curcimin is believed to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin is believed to help induce the death of cancer cells throughout the human body — especially malignant cells found in the pancreas and colon. Turmeric is also an antioxidant, which can help to remove harmful, cancer causing free radicals from the body.

Diindolylmethane. Diidolylmethane is derived from the compound indole 3-carbinal. Indole 3- carbinal is found in a number of cruciferous vegetables — including broccoli and cauliflower. Diidolylmethane — or DIM– is believed to block the growth of malignant cells throughout the body by interfering with the process of cellular division. By interfering with cellular division, it is more difficult for cancer cells to divide. DIM may also be beneficial in preventing to spread of cancer to other distant regions of the body and may also help to block the formation of blood vessels in tumors. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center indicates that DIM may also be beneficial in preventing the formation of breast an prostate cancer.

Other Herbs

Herbal remedies and supplements have a variety of different uses. Herbs each have different properties that may be beneficial in treating different aspects of human health.

Antiseptic herbal remedies include goldenseal, barberry and echinacea. These herbs can help prevent the growth of bacteria in the body, clean bacteria from the body and work to fight infections in the body. This can be beneficial for cancer patents who often have a weakened immune system due to harsh chemotherapy drug treatments.

Antibiotic herbals remedies can include echinacea, garlic, goldenseal and chaparral. Antibiotic remedies can help to destroy the growth of viruses and bacteria in the human body as well as strengthen the immune system. Weakened immune systems and increased bacterial and viral infections are very characteristic of chemotherapy patients.

Discutient herbal remedieis can include red clover tops, garlic, burdock root, sorrel and chaparral. Complementary and alternative medicine practitioners believe that these herbs can help dissolve and remove tumors and other abnormal growths from the body.

Alternative herbs are believed to help purify the blood by cleaning out the liver, kidneys, spleen and bowels. Cleaning the blood is believed to be beneficial for suffers of blood cancers including leukemia. Examples of blood cleansing herbs include yellow dock, ginseng, garlic, chickenweed, cleavers, comfrey, cayenne, goldenseal, gotu kola, licorice root, Oregon grape root, prickley ash, red clover tops, poke root, dandelion, rhubarb, chaparral, burdock root, sassafras, echinacea and barberry.

There is also a group of herbs known as cholagogues — which are believed to help open up the bile ducts and promote the flow of bile in the liver. This can be beneficial for suffers of liver cancer. These herbs include yellow dock, goldenseal, dandelion, barberry and cayenne.

What Should You Do

Dr. McCoy indicates that current research shows that 50 percent of patents undergoing chemotherapy did not tell their oncologist about alternative and complementary therapies they were also undergoing at the same time. Many believed telling their doctor about supplements was not important. Others were too embarrassed or ashamed to admit that they were using herbal or alternative medicines to treat their cancer.

Northwestern University strongly encourages oncology patients to talk to their doctor. Maintain an open line of communication with your doctor. Tell your doctor about all herbal supplements you have been taking prior to undergoing cancer treatment as well as herbs you are considering taking while undergoing chemotherapy treatments. This is for your own health. Bring the bottles or the labels of your supplements with you to your next oncology appointment for your doctor to examine.

The bottom line is that more research needs to be completed on the issue of herbal supplements and chemotherapy treatments. Dr. McCoy strongly urges that patients discontinue use of herbal supplements during chemotherapy treatment until more is known about interactions. Avoiding supplements can help prevent drug interactions.

Considerations

Whether you are a cancer patient, cancer survivor, a healthy individual or an individual with other health ailments, always consult your doctor prior to beginning an herbal supplement regime. Always inform your doctor of any medications you are taking to avoid drug interactions. Your doctor will be able to recommend safe doses and herbs for your particular health.

Warning

Herbal supplements are not a Food and Drug Administration — FDA — approved means of preventing or treating cancer. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of herbal remedies when it comes to the treatment and prevention of cancer.

Resources

E Science News: Popular Herbal Supplements May Adversely Affect Chemotherapy Treatments
Mayo Clinic: Chemotherapy
University of Maryland Medical Center: Garlic
Rockefeller University: Food Choices for Reducing Cancer Risk
Pacific College of Oriental Medicine: The Cancer Fighting Benefits of Rosemary
University of Maryland Medical Center: Green Tea
Harvard School of Public Health: Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centers: DIM

We’ve been hearing it for some time now, but recent medical studies seem to be confirming it: chocolate is not only delicious, but it may also be good for your brain and your heart!

According to a BBC News story, researchers have now concluded that regular consumption of chocolate is not only a good source of antioxidants for the body, it may also have a positive effect on reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. What’s more, high doses of chocolate may be even more beneficial in this regard.

The research showing this was a review of several previous studies, dealing with data from over 100,000 patients, and conducted by scientists at the University of Cambridge. It compared the risk to the brain and heart in two groups: the first reported eating lower levels of chocolate (fewer than two bars per week); the second ate high levels (more than two bars per week). The results were reported in a posting on the Web site of the British Medical Journal. They reportedly showed a 29 percent reduction in stroke in those consuming low levels of chocolate. However, in those eating higher levels the reduction in cardiovascular disease soared to 37 percent, an increase of almost a third.

The researchers were of course quick to note that “excessive consumption” would result in other illnesses, including weight gain and Type 2 diabetes. They said the data suggested that chocolate might someday be used to protect from heart problems and stroke … if the sugar and fat content of chocolate bars could be reduced.

One of the researchers, Dr Oscar Franco, said chocolate was known to decrease blood pressure. “We found a potential link between chocolate consumption and prevention of heart disease,” he said. “At this point we are in the early stages of research,” he added. However, he noted, there have not been any clinical trials to see if this association is real.  He told the BBC the findings were “promising,” but that further research was needed to confirm any protective effect. For those who do eat chocolate, he recommended they should “avoid binge-eating” and eat “small amounts [of chocolate] on a regular basis.”

Meanwhile, a British Heart Foundation spokesperson was quoted as declaring this to be a dubious route to good health and healing. “If you want to reduce your heart disease risk,” said the BHF’s Victoria Taylor, “there are much better places to start than at the bottom of a box of chocolates.”

Of course, chocolate has been getting good press for some time now, especially in its darker forms. A study in Boston in 2010 demonstrated that higher cocoa content in dark chocolate was directly associated with better heart health, especially in older women. The results were reported in the journae l of the American Heart Association, and had examined over 30,000 Swedish women, between the ages of 48 and 83, over a nine-year period. According to the study results, those who eat chocolate once or twice a week may cut their risk of heart failure by a third.

Oddly enough, and seemingly contrary to the more recent British study, those eating more chocolate more often showed no noticeable change in heart problems. However, this may have been due to the fact that the Swedish women were eating milk chocolate, even though it had a somewhat enhanced cocoa-content of 30 percent. The subjects in the more recent study were consuming darker chocolate, with cocoa-contents of 60 to 70 percent, at least twice that amount. This may have led to a more effective result with more frequent consumption.

The BHF’s Ms. Taylor was similarly skeptical of this study, and was quoted as saying, “Whilst antioxidants in chocolate may be helpful to your heart, they can also be found in fruit and vegetables—foods which don’t come with the saturated fat and high calories.”

The beneficial effects of chocolate (especially in its darker, less sweet forms) are largely due to the presence of flavonoids, compounds that can lower blood pressure and protect against coronary artery disease. The negative aspects include the high levels of sugar and fat in chocolate, which can make people put on weight and even lead to diabetes. Higher cocoa content has been associated with greater heart benefits.

Another source, About.com and its Longevity page, features an analysis of chocolate, “Why is Dark Chocolate Healthy?” (written by Mark Stibich in 2005 and updated  in 2009), analyzing what it is about chocolate that would make it so good for us. As he puts it, “Chocolate is made from plants, which means it contains many of the health benefits of dark vegetables.”

He notes that the flavonoids in dark chocolate act as antioxidants, which are known to protect the body from the aging process caused by free radicals, which cause damage that leads to (among other things) heart disease.  Since dark chocolate contains almost eight times the flavonoids found in strawberries, its effect is completely understandable. Flavonoids lower both blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, and thus have a most beneficial effect on preventing or minimizing the risk of heart disease.

In addition, along with the pleasant taste (sweet, but not cloyingly so, and with just a tinge of bitterness underneath for balance), dark chocolate has also been found to stimulate the production of endorphins, part of the body’s natural “feelgood” mechanism. It also contains serotonin (a natural anti-depressant, which Big Pharma  is working overtime to duplicate) and several stimulants, including theobromine and caffeine.

Meanwhile, Stibich notes, even the charge that chocolate is largely fat and sugar falls before more careful analysis. “Here is some more good news,” he proclaims, “The fats in chocolate are 1/3 oleic acid, 1/3 stearic acid and 1/3 palmitic acid.” Oleic acid is an unsaturated fat found in olive oil; stearic acid is saturated fat, but has been shown to have neutral effects on cholesterol; only palmitic acid has been shown to raise cholesterol and increase heart disease risk.

Yet another source, the world-famous Mayo Clinic in Minneapolis, Minn., has its own take on the chocolate controversy. In a question/answer session on the clinic’s own Web site, Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D., responds to the question, Can chocolate be healthy for me? with the usual caveats. She notes the studies showing reduction of risk factors for heart disease, as well as the effect of flavanols in cocoa beans; however, she also declares those studies “premature” and based on short-term, uncontrolled conditions, and in need of longer research for true confirmation of their results.

As for the advice she gives, it’s similar to other cautions: add chocolate in moderation, eat dark chocolate with high cocoa-content (65 percent or higher); and limit your consumption (three ounces, or 85 grams, per day). Meanwhile, plan to drop calories elsewhere, and get some extra exercise to burn it off.

Other  sources for  this article include:

http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20030827/dark-chocolate-is-healthy-chocolate

http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/healthcare/studies/story/2011-08-29/Chocolate-lowers-heart-stroke-risk/50174422/1

Steve Trinward, Wellness Correspondent

What is Fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia — also referred to as fibromyositis or fibrositis — is a common syndrome in which a patient has long-term and wide-spread pain and tenderness of the muscles, joints, tendons and other soft tissues.

Fibromyalgia is also frequently associated with

• depression
• anxiety
• headaches
•  fatigue
•  difficulties sleeping

While the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. Possible causes include emotional trauma, physical trauma, abnormal pain responses, viral infections and sleep disturbances. Fibromyalgia is a condition that is most common in women — especially between the ages of 20 and 50 — according to the National Institutes of Health.

Symptoms of fibromyalgia often mimic symptoms of other conditions. These conditions include

• chronic fatigue syndrome
• chronic neck or back pain
• depression
• Lyme disease
• hypothyroidism

Your doctor will conduct tests – such as X-rays, MRIs, CT scans or blood work to help role out other potential conditions causing your pain.

Suffers of fibromyalgia are most likely to experience pain that ranges from mild to severe in intensity. Pain may be aching, shooting or burning. It can affect multiple joints of the body including:

• chest
•  neck
• shoulders
• shins
•  elbows
• knees
• lower back
• hips

Symptoms of fibromyalgia tend to be worse in the morning and improve throughout the day. Symptoms may become more noticeable at night. Physical activity, cold weather, wet weather, stress and anxiety are known to trigger fibromyalgia flare-ups. Irritable bowel syndrome, memory problems, neuropathy of the hands and feet, migraine headaches, heart palpitations and a lack of ability to participate in exercise have also been reported as symptoms.

To diagnose fibromyalgia, doctors may perform blood and urine tests. These tests often common back with negative results and are generally used to rule out other conditions that may mimic fibromyalgia. To be diagnosed with fibromyalgia, you must experience wide spread pain throughout your body for a minimum of three months. Pain must be present in 11 of 18 areas of the body. Some of these areas include the

• arms
• chest
• buttock
• knees
• neck
• shoulders
• lower back
• rib cage
• thighs

The goal of treatment for fibromyalgia is to control the symptoms and pain that are associated with this condition.  Your doctor may also recommend ways of helping you to cope with your condition. Physical therapy and fitness regimes are often used to help reduce the muscle, tendon and nerve pain associated with fibromyalgia. Stress relief methods may also be used for patients with fibromyalgia. If non-prescription treatments do not work, patients may be prescribed muscle relaxants and antidepressants — to improve pain and allow a patient to better sleep. Medication should be used in conjunction with exercise. Fibromyalgia is often a long-term condition that may require treatment for one’s entire lifespand.

How Does Yoga Help Fibromyalgia?

Research indicates that yoga can be effective for women suffering from fibromyalgia. Yoga is a mental, physical and spiritual discipline that focuses on a mind-body connection. Originating in ancient India, the goal of yoga is to reach a state of perfect tranquility. Yoga is also a strengthening exercise and has been used as a rehabilitation method for many different health ailments.  Yoga has been used for cancer patients to decrease depression, reduce pain, aid with sleep and helps to deduce stress and increase sleep. Yoga has also been used for those suffering with heart disease. The relaxing and deep breathing techniques of yoga may help reduce high blood pressure, enhance a cardiac rehabilitation program, improve symptoms of heart disease and lower risk factors for heart failure. Yoga has also been used in schizophrenia patients. It is believed that yoga can help to improve the cognitive function and reduce stress in patients, allowing patients to increase their quality of life — with better social and occupational functioning. Yoga practitioners also indicate that yoga can help improve conditions of the musculoskeletal system, therefore improving one’s mental state and quality of life.

With not much known about fibromyalgia, little research has been conducted on alternative treatment methods for this condition. In a study released in the 2011 “Journal of Pain,” researchers – Curtis, Osadchuk and Katz – studied the effects on female fibromyalgia patients. Curtis, Osadchuk and Katz looked into musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and decreased levels of cortisol – also known as hypocortisolism.

Twenty-two participants were recruited for the study to participate in two 75 minute yoga classes weekly for eight weeks. Curtis, Osadchuk and Katz measured the cortisol levels of participants prior to beginning yoga. Study participants were also given a survey to complete prior to beginning yoga classes. The survey pertained to pain levels. Participants were asked to rate pain based on quality, intensity, areas of pain, acceptance, disability, unpleasantness and catastrophizing. This survey was also filled out at the middle of the study and at the conclusion of the eight week yoga program.

The type of yoga class completed during this study was known as Hatha yoga. Hatha yoga was introduced by Yogi Swatmarama – a Hindu sage in 15^th century India, who also comprised the Hatha Yoga Pradipika. The term hatha comes from the Sanskrit words “ha” and “tha.” “Ha” means sun and “tha” meaning moon. Hatha yoga units pairs of the opposite and refers to positives and negatives. Hatha yoga focuses on postures, energy control, purification, centers of energy, instinct, muscle force, channels, symbolism gestures, channels, sacred force and technique. Yoga practitioners often use Hatha yoga to cure and prevent minor issues of the musculoskeletal system. Hatha yoga can also help to reduce stress and other issues of the mind.

The results of this study were measured by statistical analysis. Repeated measures of analysis of variance – or an ANOVA test – indicated that the mean standard deviation – SD – scores improved significantly from the start of the eight week yoga program to the end of the yoga program. Participants saw a decrease in continuous pain, pain acceptance, catastrophizing and mindfulness. This study also yielded results on the levels of cortisol in participants. Cortisol levels where significantly higher at the end of the program than they were pre-intervention.

The results of this study are encouraging for females who suffer from fibromyalgia. The study suggests that participation in Hatha yoga can reduce pain and catastrophizing. Hatha yoga can also help to increase pain acceptance and mindfulness. Hypocortisolism was also able to be reduced.

As with any study, there are limitations. A lack of control group is one limitation to this study. Twenty-two participants in a study is also a relatively small sample size. The gender of study participants is also a limitation. While more women suffer from fibromyalgia than men, this study cannot generalize findings across the board.

Regardless of limitations, this study has positive outcomes that suggest the use of yoga can be beneficial in managing the psychological as well as the physical pain in women suffering from fibromyalgia.

If you are a female – or a male – suffering from fibromyalgia, talk to your doctor prior to beginning alternative treatment methods for fibromyalgia. Your doctor can determine if you are healthy enough to participate in yoga, suggest a type of yoga for you to participate in and determine how frequently you should participate in yoga. With little research conducted on the use of yoga for fibromyalgia patients, it is important to remember that results may vary. A treatment method that works for one individual may not be successful for another individual. While participating in yoga, never work through extreme pain. Should you experience extreme pain or discomfort during yoga, discontinue yoga and contact your health care provider.

References

Curtis, K., Osadchuk, & Katz, J. (2011). An eight-week yoga intervention is associated with improvements in pain, psychological functioning and mindfulness, and changes in cortisol levels in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Pain Research, 189. doi:10.2147/JPR.S22761

National Institutes of Health: Fibromyalgia  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001463/