<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467</id><updated>2026-10-26T20:12:00.711-07:00</updated><category term="medicina"/><category term="mokslas ir verslas"/><category term="mokyklos"/><category term="rusai"/><category term="Kirkilas"/><category term="Kubilius"/><category term="Seimo rinkimai"/><category term="bankų krizė"/><category term="fundamentalus mokslas"/><category term="mokslo finansavimo būdai"/><category term="mokslo reikšmė"/><category term="specialistų įdarbinimo sąlygos"/><category term="studijos"/><category term="studijų kokybė"/><category term="talentų pritraukimas"/><category term="užsienio mokslininkų įdarbinimas"/><title type='text'>Mokslas, studijos ir ekonomika</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>32034</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4735078206359248311</id><published>2026-10-26T20:04:15.532-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T20:12:00.711-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Elektros tiekimo sutrikimai Kijeve pranašauja sunkų protestavimo per žiemojimą metą</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Vėl atsiveš iš Lietuvos sūdytų lašinių su konservantais ir pirmyn: vėl Maidanas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nuoroda į sūdytus lašinius (Ukrainoje vadinamus *salo*)
pabrėžia istorinį šio produkto statusą – tai simbolinis, itin kaloringas
maistas, padedantis išgyventi. Kadangi sūdyti kiaulienos lašiniai gali ilgai
išsilaikyti be šaldytuvo, jie neatsiejamai siejami su didelio stygiaus
laikotarpiais, ištverme ir visuomenės susitelkimu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Užuomina į Maidano įvykius – istorinius protesto judėjimus
centrinėje Kijevo aikštėje – leidžia brėžti istorinę paralelę: kai sugriūva
pagrindinė infrastruktūra arba politinės sąlygos tampa nepakeliamos, vietos
gyventojai, siekdami išgyventi ir priešintis, pasitelkia giliai įsišaknijusias
savarankiškumo bei pasipriešinimo „gatvės lygmeniu“ tradicijas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„KIJEVAS – Ukrainos sostinėje gęsta šviesos, Rusijos
raketoms daužant šalies elektrines. Kartu su tuo prastėja ir žmonių nuotaikos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Elektros atjungimai tampa įprastu reiškiniu. Kartais
sutrinka ir vandens tiekimas. Trys milijonai Kijevo gyventojų ruošiasi
sunkiausiai žiemai per visą beveik penkerius metus trunkantį konfliktą. Kai
kurie svarsto galimybę palikti miestą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Prezidentas Volodymyras Zelenskis ketvirtadienį pranešė, kad
nuo spalio 11 d., kai prezidentas D. Trumpas paskelbė apie energetikos
paliaubas (kurios taip ir neįsigaliojo), Rusija surengė daugiau nei 170 atakų
prieš Ukrainos energetikos infrastruktūrą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ukrainai jau kelis mėnesius nuolat trūksta „Patriot“ raketų
– efektyviausios gynybos priemonės nuo Rusijos balistinių raketų; šis trūkumas
jaučiamas visame pasaulyje, be kita ko, ir dėl JAV bei Irano konflikto. „Rusija
akivaizdžiai naudojasi tuo, kad partnerių tiekiami oro gynybos pajėgumai
atkeliauja lėčiau“, – sakė V. Zelenskis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kijeve, tamsoje skendinčiose gatvėse, burzgia elektros
generatoriai. Gyvenamuosiuose namuose periodiškai krenta vandens slėgis. Dingus
elektrai, miesto metro traukiniai kartais sustoja tiesiog tuneliuose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Stengiamės susikurti kuo patogesnes sąlygas“, – pasakoja
Kijeve gyvenanti dviejų berniukų mama Olga Soloviova. Šeima tvirtai nusprendusi
likti mieste tiek ilgai, kiek tik įmanoma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pieno produktus jie perka tik tokius, kuriuos gali suvartoti
per vieną dieną, nes nėra garantijos, kad veiks šaldytuvai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jie turi išorinių baterijų („power bankų“), įsigytų dar per
ankstesnes Rusijos bombardavimo kampanijas žiemą, taip pat nedidelių rankinių
žibintuvėlių, padedančių judėti tamsoje skendinčiame bute.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;O. Soloviova taip pat svarsto įsigyti „Starlink“ terminalą,
kad užsitikrintų ryšį. Kaip ir daugelis ukrainiečių, ji piktinasi apribojimais,
taikomais Ukrainos kariuomenei naudojantis šiais terminalais – „The Wall Street
Journal“ duomenimis, tai buvo padaryta paties „SpaceX“ įkūrėjo Elono Musko
nurodymu. Vis dėlto, kalbant apie civilinį ryšį, Ukraina ir toliau kliaujasi
šia bendrove.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Jei turėtume pasirinkimą, „Starlink“ nepirktume, nes, mano
manymu, bendrovės ir jos savininko elgesys yra visiškai nepriimtinas, – teigia
O. Soloviova. – Tačiau galimybė palaikyti ryšį su šeima man yra svarbesnė.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šiemet miestas dar labiau kenčia nuo Rusijos atakų, nes jo
energetikos infrastruktūra per daugelį konflikto metų patyrė milžinišką bendrą
žalą, teigia Energetikos pramonės tyrimų centro direktorius Oleksandras
Charčenka. Pasak jo, pernai Rusija padarė ilgalaikę žalą miesto elektros
gamybos pajėgumams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Ši žiema bus kupina elektros tiekimo nutraukimų, skubių
remonto darbų, atkūrimo“ – ir vėl naujų nutraukimų, – sakė jis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau kančios tik daugėja.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vis daugiau žmonių keliasi į Vakarų Ukrainą, tikėdamiesi
rasti didesnį saugumą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sprendimas persikelti į vakarinį Ivano Frankivsko miestą
buvo sunkus, pasakojo dviejų mažų vaikų mama Ilona Šemrai. „Svarbiausias
veiksnys buvo vaikų psichologinė ir emocinė gerovė.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jos vaikai ėmė bijoti miegoti savo lovose, kai Rusija be
perstojo atakavo Kyjivą bepiločiais orlaiviais.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Outages in Kyiv Augur a Winter of Discontent.
Malenko, Anastasiia.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26
Oct 2026: A8.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4735078206359248311/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4735078206359248311' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4735078206359248311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4735078206359248311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/elektros-tiekimo-sutrikimai-kijeve.html' title='Elektros tiekimo sutrikimai Kijeve pranašauja sunkų protestavimo per žiemojimą metą'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7842099908747007883</id><published>2026-10-26T19:55:08.002-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T20:10:03.755-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Outages in Kyiv Augur a Winter of Discontent</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;HwtZe&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ryNqvb&quot;&gt;They’ll bring back salted fatback with preservatives from Lithuania, and off they go: it’s Maidan all over again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The reference to salted fatback (salo in Ukraine, lašiniai
in Lithuania) highlights its historical status as an iconic, high-energy
survival food. Because cured pork fatback keeps for long periods without
refrigeration, it is heavily associated with periods of extreme scarcity,
resilience, and civil mobilization. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The invoking of Maidan—the historic protest movements in
Kyiv&#39;s central square—suggests a historical parallel: when basic infrastructure
fails or political conditions become unbearable, the local population draws on
deep-seated traditions of self-reliance and street-level resistance to survive
and push back.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“KYIV -- The lights in Ukraine&#39;s capital city are failing as
Russian missiles pound its power plants. The mood is darkening, too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Power cuts are becoming common. The water supply falters at
times. Kyiv&#39;s three million residents are bracing for the worst winter of the
nearly five-year-old conflict. Some are thinking of leaving the city.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Since a stillborn energy ceasefire President Trump announced
on Oct. 11, Russia has carried out over 170 attacks on Ukraine&#39;s energy
infrastructure, President Volodymyr Zelensky said on Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;For months,
Ukraine has been chronically short of Patriot interceptors, the most effective
defense against Russia&#39;s ballistic missiles, amid a global shortage amid the
U.S.-Iran war. &quot;Russia is clearly taking advantage of the slowdown in
air-defense supplies from our partners,&quot; Zelensky said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In Kyiv,
generators hum in the light-starved streets. Water pressure in homes
periodically drops. The city&#39;s subway trains sometimes halt in tunnels when
power goes out.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;We&#39;re making ourselves as comfortable as
possible,&quot; said Olha Soloviova, a mother of two boys in Kyiv. The family
is determined to stay in the city as long as they can.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The only dairy products they buy are those they can eat in a
day, because electricity for refrigerators is uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;They own power banks, bought during Russia&#39;s previous winter
bombing campaigns, as well as small hand-held lights for moving around a dark
apartment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Soloviova is also thinking of buying a Starlink terminal to
ensure connectivity. Like many Ukrainians, she is upset about the limits
imposed on the Ukrainian military&#39;s use of the terminals, which The Wall Street
Journal reported came on the orders of SpaceX founder Elon Musk. But Ukraine
continues to rely on the company for civilian connections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;If we had a choice, we wouldn&#39;t buy Starlink, because
I find the company&#39;s and its owner&#39;s behavior completely unacceptable,&quot;
Soloviova said. &quot;But staying in touch with my family is a higher
priority.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kyiv is reeling more from Russia&#39;s attacks this year because
its energy infrastructure has suffered enormous cumulative damage over years of
conflict, said Oleksandr Kharchenko, the director of the Energy Industry
Research Center. Last year, Russia did lasting damage to the city&#39;s
power-generation capacity, he said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;This winter will be a cycle of power outages,
emergency repairs, restoration,&quot; and more outages, he said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But suffering is rising.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;More people are moving to western Ukraine, in hope of
finding greater safety.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The decision to move to the western city of Ivano-Frankivsk
was difficult, said Ilona Shemrai, a mother of two young children. &quot;The
main factor was the children&#39;s psychological and mental well-being.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Her children were becoming scared of sleeping in their beds
amid Russia&#39;s nonstop drone attacks on Kyiv.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Outages in Kyiv Augur a Winter of Discontent.
Malenko, Anastasiia.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26
Oct 2026: A8.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/7842099908747007883/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/7842099908747007883' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7842099908747007883'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7842099908747007883'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/outages-in-kyiv-augur-winter-of.html' title='Outages in Kyiv Augur a Winter of Discontent'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4142533929369209046</id><published>2026-10-26T19:33:15.494-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T19:33:15.494-07:00</updated><title type='text'>„Archer“ Teksase pradės teikti oro taksi paslaugas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Bendrovė „Archer Aviation“ planuoja sukurti oro taksi
tinklus trijuose Teksaso miestuose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Penktadienį bendrovė pranešė, kad jos elektriniai orlaiviai,
galintys vertikaliai kilti ir leistis, bus naudojami oro taksi paslaugoms
Ostine, Hiustone bei Dalaso ir Fort Verto aglomeracijoje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Archer“ dar turi gauti Federalinės aviacijos
administracijos (FAA) leidimą savo oro taksi orlaiviui „Midnight“. Šiuo metu
šis reguliavimo procesas eina į pabaigą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kitais metais bendrovė planuoja Teksase pradėti
parodomuosius skrydžius. Sukūrus tinklus šiuose trijuose miestuose, gavus
reikiamus leidimus, bus galima plėsti komercinę veiklą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šių planų tikslas – pagerinti susisiekimą tarp didžiųjų oro
uostų, verslo centrų ir turistinių vietovių. Pasak „Archer“, vienas iš tokių
orlaivių parkų privalumų – galimybė spręsti didelių eismo srautų problemas
Teksaso miestuose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ši plėtra vyksta po to, kai „Boeing“ sutiko įsigyti beveik
20 proc. „Archer“ akcijų. Pagal rugpjūtį pasiektą susitarimą, „Archer“ perims
„Boeing“ priklausančias įmones: oro taksi kūrėją „Wisk Aero“, oro eismo valdymo
programinės įrangos tiekėją „SkyGrid“ bei bepiločių orlaivių gamintoją
„Insitu“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kalifornijoje įsikūrusi startuolių įmonė „Archer“ neseniai
užbaigė skrydžių turo etapą Šiaurės Kalifornijoje, kurio metu buvo
demonstruojama, kaip oro taksi galėtų veikti miestų teritorijose. Per tris
dienas buvo aplankyti septyni miestai.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Archer to Launch Air Taxis in Texas. Hamilton, Katherine. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct 2026: B4.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4142533929369209046/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4142533929369209046' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4142533929369209046'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4142533929369209046'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/archer-teksase-prades-teikti-oro-taksi.html' title='„Archer“ Teksase pradės teikti oro taksi paslaugas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4972979146628140615</id><published>2026-10-26T19:31:34.319-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T19:31:34.320-07:00</updated><title type='text'>   Archer to Launch Air Taxis in Texas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Archer Aviation plans to launch air taxi networks in three
Texas cities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The electric
vertical takeoff and landing aircraft are slated to be used for air-taxi
services in Austin, Houston and the Dallas-Fort Worth area, the aircraft
company said Friday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Archer still requires approval from the Federal Aviation
Administration for its air taxi aircraft Midnight. It is in the final stages of
that regulatory process.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The company plans to begin demo flights in Texas next year.
The networks created in the three cities are meant to allow it to scale
commercial operations following approval.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The goal of
the planned launches is to increase connectivity between major airports,
business hubs and tourist destinations. Archer cited the Texas cities&#39; high
traffic volume as a potential benefit of the fleets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The
expansion comes after Boeing agreed to take a nearly 20% stake in Archer. The
deal, agreed upon in August, is set to give Archer control of Boeing&#39;s
flying-taxi venture Wisk Aero, its air-traffic software provider SkyGrid and
its drone maker Insitu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Archer, a
California-based startup, recently completed the Northern California leg of its
flight tour, which was meant to show how air taxis would work in urban areas.
The tour flew into seven cities over a three-day period.” [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Archer to Launch Air Taxis in Texas. Hamilton, Katherine. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct 2026: B4.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4972979146628140615/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4972979146628140615' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4972979146628140615'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4972979146628140615'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/archer-to-launch-air-taxis-in-texas.html' title='   Archer to Launch Air Taxis in Texas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-6017409461653379573</id><published>2026-10-26T19:26:16.629-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T19:26:44.976-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kaip Silicio slėnis pavogė ateitį: kontekstas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DI pakeis mūsų pasaulį. Bet ar tai reiškia, kad žmonės,
kurie kuria technologijas, taip pat gali kontroliuoti mūsų vaizduotę?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šiomis dienomis pirmaujančios technologijų įmonės pirmiausia
nekovoja tarpusavyje dėl rinkos dalies, talentų ar skaičiavimo galios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Didesnė kova vyksta dėl to, kas gali teigti žinantis ateitį.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Rugpjūtį „Meta“ generalinis direktorius Markas Zuckerbergas
paskelbė manifestą pavadinimu „Ateitis skirta visiems“, kuriame teigė, kad
dirbtinis intelektas atneš „gausų asmeninę valią“ ir kitų turtų – bet tik tuo
atveju, jei „Meta“ vadovaus. „Jei mūsų įsitikinimai ir principai vadovaus“, –
rašė jis apie savo įmonę, – „tada jėgų pusiausvyra bus palanki individams ir
užtikrins geresnę ateitį visiems“. Rugsėjį Samas Altmanas iš „OpenAI“ Jungtinių
Tautų Saugumo Tarybai sakė, kad DI gali vesti prie visuomenės, kurioje „daugiau
žmonių galės dalyvauti ateityje“, arba prie visuomenės, kurioje žmonės prarado
„ateities kontrolę“. O neseniai ragindamas savanoriškai sulėtinti dirbtinio
intelekto plėtrą, Dario Amodei iš „Anthropic“ teigė, kad būtina atitolinti
ateitį, į kurią žengiame, bent jau „papildomiems metams ar dvejiems“. Mūsų
gebėjimą įsivaizduoti ateitį užvaldė turtingieji ir galingieji. Kiekviena iš
šių prognozių rodo, kad dėl savo pažangių technologijų valdymo šie lyderiai
turi išskirtinių žinių apie tai, kas gali mūsų visų laukti: arba pasaulis,
kuriame dirbtinis intelektas panaikino visas darbo vietas, išlaisvino
bioinžinerijos sukurtus virusus ir sudarė sąlygas katastrofiškam karui, arba
utopija, kurioje technologijos suteikia žmonėms „didesnę galią gyventi taip,
kaip jie pasirenka“, kaip JT sakė Altmanas. Abiem atvejais dirbtinis intelektas
pozicionuojamas kaip visur esantis ir neišvengiamas, o jo visur esantis buvimas
ateityje yra įvykęs faktas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Technologijų lyderiai sugebėjo greitai užimti šią vaizduotės
erdvę daugiausia dėl to, kad alternatyvios teigiamos ateities vizijos iš esmės
išnyko Amerikos kultūroje ir politikoje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Per pastaruosius 20 metų viešajame gyvenime ėmė dominuoti
pesimistiniai naratyvai: kairėje – niūrūs įspėjimai apie artėjančią klimato
katastrofą ir ekonominį žlugimą; kraštutiniame dešiniajame – apokaliptinės
sąmokslo teorijos apie demografinį mažėjimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pastarieji keli rinkimų ciklai siuntė aiškią žinią, kad
geriausia šalies ateitis – praeityje: Joe Bideno 2020 m. pergalė žadėjo
sugrįžimą į praėjusią įprastos politikos erą, o judėjimas „Make America Great
Again“ iš esmės yra atkuriamoji fantazija. (Ir Amerikos gerontokratinė
valdančioji klasė tam nepadėjo.) Kai amerikiečiai šiomis dienomis gali
įsivaizduoti ateitį, tai dažnai daro labai trumpai: prognozavimo rinkos, tokios
kaip „Kalshi“ ir „Polymarket“, pavertė ją preke, kuria galima prekiauti ir iš
kurios galima gauti pinigų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Britų filosofas Jonathanas White&#39;as perspėjo, kad faktinis
ateities atsisakymas Silicio slėniui kelia didelę riziką. Pati atviros ateities
idėja, rašo jis, yra „demokratinis išteklius“, neatsiejama politinės laisvės
dalis, kuri priklauso nuo „gebėjimo įsivaizduoti alternatyvas, kurios gali būti
neįtikėtinos, ir jų siekti nepaisant visų sunkumų“. Abolicionistai nebūtų
galėję kovoti su vergove netikėdami emancipuota ateitimi; XX amžiaus vidurio
socialinės apsaugos tinklai buvo įmanomi tik todėl, kad liberali politika
sugebėjo numatyti apsaugą ateities kartoms. Kai ateitis vis labiau atrodo kaip
kažkas, ko reikia vengti, o ne kažkas, ko galima laukti, teigia White&#39;as, patys
demokratijos pamatai susilpnėja.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nuo pat Prancūzijos revoliucijos, ginčijusios dieviškąją
karalių teisę, ateitis buvo pagrindinė teritorija, kurioje vykdoma visa
politika. Politologas Danas Edelsteinas teigia, kad iki 1789 m. „politiniai
ginčai daugiausia buvo susiję su praeitimi“. Po tos datos „kiekviena pusė teigė
turinti privilegijuotą žinių apie ateitį“. Apšvietos epochos idėjos apie
neišvengiamą žmonijos pažangą, kartu su technologine pažanga, sukėlė
įsitikinimą, kad „tobulas pasaulis yra visai šalia“, jei tik visuomenė rastų
būdą jį pasiekti. Tačiau tos pačios jėgos galėjo veikti ir prieš demokratiją.
Šis įsitikinimas buvo toks stiprus, rašo Edelstein, kad paskatino kai kuriuos
žmones „susitaikyti su laikinu demokratinių įsitikinimų sustabdymu“, kad jie
būtų įgyvendinti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kova dėl ateities yra kova dėl valdžios, dėl to, kas gali
spręsti“, – sakė Aditi Juneja, nevyriausybinės organizacijos „Democracy2076“,
kurią ji įkūrė siekdama sukurti strategijas, skirtas demokratinėms vertybėms
apsaugoti per ateinančius 50 metų, vykdomoji direktorė. Silicio slėnio vadovai
nori užtikrinti visuomenę, kad ateitis yra saugi jų rankose. Tačiau net ir
tvirtindami, kaip Altman, kad jie yra „Žmonijos komandoje“, jie teigia turintys
teisę nulemti, kas laukia ateityje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šaltojo karo metu ateitis taip pat atrodė nepaprastai
nežinoma ir bauginanti. Technologijų spartėjimas, pasaulinis nesaugumas ir
besikeičianti rasinė dinamika pakeitė Amerikos gyvenimą; branduolinio karo
baimė, &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Viską gaubė tam tikra nuojauta.
Akademikai ir biurokratai į šią situaciją reagavo kurdami naujus būdus, kaip
kiekybiškai įvertinti galimas tautos ateities raidos kryptis. Matematikas ir
fizikas Hermanas Kahnas (Herman Kahn) šeštajame dešimtmetyje korporacijoje
„RAND“ sukūrė ateities scenarijų planavimo metodiką, skirtą padėti JAV karinėms
oro pajėgoms pasirengti galimam termonukleariniam karui; taip buvo padėti
pamatai ateities tyrimų (angl. *futures studies*) sričiai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1964 m. Amerikos menų ir mokslų akademija kartu su Niujorko
„Carnegie“ korporacija įsteigė „2000-ųjų metų komisiją“ (angl. *Commission on
the Year 2000*). Jai vadovavo sociologas Danielis Bellas, o į darbą buvo
įtraukta dešimtys žymių įvairių sričių mąstytojų, kurių užduotis –
„įsivaizduoti ateitį ir nustatyti problemines sritis“, lemsiančias naująjį
tūkstantmetį. Pagrindiniai komisijos klausimai – ar smurtiniai konfliktai
išliks didele grėsme? ar kompiuteriai neišvengiamai pakeis „didžiąją dalį
rutininės veiklos, kuri šiuo metu laikoma intelektiniu darbu“? – kilo iš gilaus
to meto neapibrėžtumo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Šie klausimai atspindėjo esminį nerimą: Amerikos politinė
santvarka kinta, o šio proceso rezultatas gali būti nebe atpažįstama liberali
forma, o veikiau visiškai nauja ateities versija“, – rašo istorikė Jenny
Andersson. Ateities prognozavimas tapo būdu ne tik susitaikyti su sunkiai
valdoma dabartimi, bet ir kontroliuoti jos pasekmes, taip iš esmės susiaurinant
politinių galimybių lauką.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;D. Bellui ateities scenarijų planavimas buvo itin svarbus
norint užtikrinti, kad vyriausybės ir politikos formuotojai išlaikytų Amerikos
visuomenės modernizacijos procesą. Tačiau tendencija viską kiekybiškai
įvertinti ir prognozuoti atėmė iš pavienių asmenų galią daryti įtaką
viešiesiems reikalams. Vietoj to įsitvirtino požiūris į ateitį kaip į
„baigtinių galimybių sritį, kurioje jos išdėstytos pagal didesnį ar mažesnį
tikėtinumą“ – kaip tai apibūdino istorikas Reinhartas Koselleckas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sovietų Sąjungos žlugimas tapo trumpalaikiu radikalių
galimybių momentu: senoji tarptautinė tvarka griuvo, o milijonai žmonių pajuto
naujo pobūdžio laisvę. Tačiau netrukus šį momentą užgožė idėja, jog įvyko
„istorijos pabaiga“ – ateitis tapo išskirtine liberaliųjų demokratijų ir jų
kapitalistinių ekonomikų nuosavybe. Politologas Ivanas Krastevas teigė, kad tas
laikotarpis iš tiesų buvo „ateities pabaiga“, nes atvėrė kelią „politikai be
tikro pasirinkimo“ – politikai, kurioje esminiai klausimai apie tai, kaip
turėtų būti organizuojama valdžia, atrodė jau užduoti ir į juos atsakyta. Po
2008 m. finansų krizės politinės ateities galimybių spektras vėl išsiplėtė,
socialistiniams ir populistiniams judėjimams pradėjus mesti iššūkį esamai
tvarkai. Tačiau pavieniams žmonėms ateities svajonės – turėti nuosavus namus,
rasti stabilų darbą, sukurti šeimą – tapo sunkiau pasiekiamos. „Žmonės jautė,
kad jų pasirinkimo galimybės siaurėja“, – sakė man istorikas Nilsas Gilmanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šiandien tiek ateities naratyvuose, tiek ekonominėse
prognozėse dominuoja dirbtinis intelektas (DI). Tai savaime reiškia radikalų
kitų galimybių užkirtimą. Mat kai technologiją iškeliame į savo politinės
vaizduotės centrą, rizikuojame nebematyti kitų scenarijų, kurie galėtų
egzistuoti greta jos – arba vietoj jos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dabartinė ateities krizė turi daug bendra su praėjusio
amžiaus krize. Tiek tada, tiek dabar geopolitinė padėtis tapo nestabili, o
demokratijai iškilo pavojus būtent tuo metu, kai naujos technologijos sparčiai
keitė kasdienį gyvenimą. Tiek tada, tiek dabar neapibrėžtumo jausmas gimdė
prognozes ir filosofines įžvalgas, kurios svyravo tarp utopinių ir distopinių
vizijų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šiandien pirmaujančios DI bendrovės atlieka panašų vaidmenį,
kokį praėjusio amžiaus viduryje atliko ateities prognozavimo įmonės. Žinoma,
skirtumas tas, kad šiuolaikinės bendrovės turi kur kas daugiau techninių ir
materialinių išteklių: jos ne tik valdo pačias technologijas, kurias tiria, bet
ir gali remtis milžiniškais vartotojų duomenų kiekiais savo prognozėms
pagrįsti. Pavyzdžiui, „OpenAI“ neseniai įkūrė „Strateginės ateities“ (angl.
*Strategic Futures*) padalinį – „vidinį analitinį centrą“, kuriam vadovauja
Deanas Ballas. Jis yra konservatyvių pažiūrų autorius ir buvęs Baltųjų rūmų
darbuotojas, prisidėjęs rengiant D. Trumpo administracijos 2025 m. strateginį
dokumentą apie DI. Pasak D. Ballo, šios grupės tikslas – išsiaiškinti, kokios
„ilgalaikės politinės ekonominės pažangaus DI pasekmės yra tikėtinos ir kokios
jos turėtų būti (tai – iš esmės skirtingi klausimai)“. „Kokius svertus galime
panaudoti šiandien, kad pakreiptume pasaulį geresnių rezultatų link?“ – klausė
jis. Daugelis prognozių apie tai, kaip dirbtinis intelektas pakeis pasaulį,
pasižymi supaprastintu, dvejopu pobūdžiu: jis arba panaikins visas darbo
vietas, arba sukurs tūkstančius naujų; jis arba išgydys vėžį, arba paleis
mirtiną virusą; jis arba išspręs klimato kaitos problemą, arba pražūtingai ją
paspartins; jis arba atneš naują aukso amžių, arba sunaikins pasaulį tokį, kokį
jį pažįstame. „Visa tai – ginčytini naratyvai, kurie labai apriboja mūsų
mąstymą apie ateitį, – sakė man Ari Wallachas, save vadinantis futuristu ir
socialinių sistemų strategu. – Mane neramina tai, kad dabartinius klaidingus
diskusijų polius priimame, kaip įsivaizduojamą ateities viziją iš tiesų
įmanoma.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dirbtinio intelekto (DI) įmonės dabar susiduria su rimtu
pasipriešinimu savo vizijai. Diskusijos apie ateitį griauna nusistovėjusias
partines ribas ir skatina kurtis naujas politines grupes. Senatorius Bernie
Sandersas neseniai pasirodė kartu su Steve’u Bannonu Vašingtone vykusiame „už
žmones“ (angl. *pro-human*) skirtame renginyje ir pareiškė, kad Silicio slėnis
neturėtų turėti galios „diktuoti žmonijos ateities“. Niujorko valstijos
asamblėjos narys Alexas Boresas įkūrė grupę „Who Decides“ („Kas sprendžia“),
kurios tikslas – suvienyti demokratus formuojant DI politiką; kita grupė,
„Tomorrow Together“ („Ateitis kartu“), susikūrė siekdama „padėti demokratams
laimėti rytojaus politikoje“, daugiausia dėmesio skirdama būtent DI.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Visos šios iniciatyvos – tai bandymas pasiūlyti kitokią
istoriją, suformuoti viešąjį naratyvą apie DI, kurio autoriai nebūtų tie patys
asmenys, gaunantys didžiausią naudą iš plačiojo technologijos diegimo. Tačiau
net ir siekdami grąžinti žmonėms balsą priimant sprendimus dėl DI, jie gali
padaryti klaidą – kovoti pagal DI įmonių primestas taisykles. Taip darydami,
jie patys iškelia technologiją į savo politinės vizijos centrą, nors iš tiesų
siekia mesti iššūkį jos galiai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tikroji pamoka, kurią mums palieka Bellas, Kahnas ir jų
kolegos iš septintojo dešimtmečio, slypi būtent tame, ko jie nesugebėjo
numatyti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Siekdami
sukurti ateities mokslą, jie neįvertino galimybės, kad jaunoji karta gali
sukilti prieš savo laikmečio neteisingas struktūras – išeiti į gatves
protestuoti prieš Vietnamo karą bei kovoti už žodžio laisvę ir pilietines
teises.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„2000-ųjų metų komisija“ (angl. *Commission on the Year
2000*) taip ir nepaskelbė savo galutinės ataskaitos; 1974 m. ji buvo
išformuota. Pasak Andersson, tai buvo „įspūdinga nesėkmė“, nes komisiją
„pralenkė nenumatyti įvykiai, kurie gerokai viršijo jos narių kolektyvinę
vaizduotę“. Kartų kaitos nulemti visuomeniniai pokyčiai į jų prognozes nebuvo
įtraukti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Linda Kinstler yra Harvardo „Society of Fellows“
(mokslininkų bendrijos) jaunesnioji narė ir šio žurnalo bendraautorė.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. How Silicon Valley Stole the Future: The Context. Kinstler,
Linda.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Oct 26, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/6017409461653379573/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/6017409461653379573' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6017409461653379573'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6017409461653379573'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/kaip-silicio-slenis-pavoge-ateiti.html' title='Kaip Silicio slėnis pavogė ateitį: kontekstas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8279186579666696560</id><published>2026-10-26T19:21:30.719-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T19:21:30.719-07:00</updated><title type='text'>How Silicon Valley Stole the Future: The Context</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“A.I. will reshape our world. But does that mean the people
who make the technology get to control our imagination, too?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;These days, the leading tech companies are not primarily
fighting one another for market share or talent or computing power.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The bigger battle is over who can
claim to know the future.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In August, Meta’s chief executive, Mark Zuckerberg,
published a manifesto titled “The Future Is for Everyone,” in which he argued
that artificial intelligence will bring about “an abundance of personal agency”
and other riches — but only if Meta is in charge. “If our beliefs and
principles lead,” he wrote of his company, “then the balance of power will
favor individuals and a better future for everyone.” In September, Sam Altman
of OpenAI told the United Nations Security Council that A.I. could lead to either
a society in which “more people can participate in the future” or one in which
humans have lost “control of the future.” And in his recent call for the
voluntary slowdown of A.I. development, Dario Amodei of Anthropic claimed it
was imperative to stave off the future we are headed toward, if only for an
“extra year or two.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Our very ability to imagine the future has been captured by
the rich and powerful. Each of these prognostications suggests that, by virtue
of their ownership of advanced technology, these leaders have privileged
knowledge of what may be coming for us all: either a world in which A.I. has
eliminated all jobs, unleashed bioengineered viruses and enabled catastrophic
warfare or a utopia in which the technology gives people “greater power to live
life as they choose,” as Altman told the U.N. In both cases, A.I. is positioned
as ubiquitous and unavoidable, its future omnipresence a fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tech leaders have been able to swiftly lay claim to this
imaginative space in large part because alternative positive visions of the
future have largely disappeared in American culture and politics. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Over the
past 20 years, pessimistic narratives have come to dominate public life: on the
left, grim warnings of impending climate disaster and economic collapse; on the
far right, apocalyptic conspiracy theories about demographic decline. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The last several election cycles sent the strong message
that the best future for the country lay in the past: Joe Biden’s 2020 victory
promised a return to a bygone era of politics as usual, while the Make America
Great Again movement is at heart a restorative fantasy. (And America’s
gerontocratic ruling class hasn’t helped.) When Americans can imagine the
future these days, it’s often in the shortest of terms: Prediction markets like
Kalshi and Polymarket have turned it into a commodity to be traded and
monetized.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The British philosopher Jonathan White has warned that the
effective abdication of the future to Silicon Valley comes with profound risks.
The very idea of an open future, he writes, is a “democratic resource” integral
to political freedom, which depends on “the capacity to imagine alternatives
that may be improbable and to pursue them against the odds.” Abolitionists
could not have fought against slavery without a belief in an emancipated
future; the social safety nets of the mid-20th century were possible only
because liberal politics were able to envision protections for future
generations. When the future increasingly seems like something to avoid rather
than something to look forward to, White argues, the very foundations of
democracy are weakened.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The future
has been the primary terrain upon which all politics are practiced since the
French Revolution challenged the divine right of kings. Before 1789, “political
arguments were largely about the past,” the political scientist Dan Edelstein
argues. After that date, “each side claimed a privileged knowledge of the
future.” Enlightenment ideas about the inevitable progress of mankind, coupled
with technological advances, gave rise to the belief that “a perfect world lay
just around the corner,” if only society could find a way to get there. But the
same forces could work against democracy, too. This conviction was so strong,
Edelstein writes, that it led some people “to accept the temporary suspension
of democratic beliefs” in order to bring it about.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;“The contest
over the future is a contest over power, over who gets to decide,” said Aditi
Juneja, the executive director of Democracy2076, a nongovernmental organization
she founded to develop strategies for protecting democratic values over the
next 50 years. Silicon Valley executives are eager to assure the public that
the future is safe in their hands. But even by insisting, as Altman has, that
they are on “Team Humanity,” they are claiming the authority to determine the
course of what lies ahead.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;During the Cold War, too, the future felt wildly unknowable
and frightening. Technological acceleration, global insecurity and changing
racial dynamics reshaped American life; fear of nuclear war hovered over
everything. Academics and bureaucrats responded to this moment by coming up
with new ways to quantify possible future trajectories for the nation. Herman
Kahn, a mathematician and physicist, developed the practice of future scenario
planning at the RAND Corporation in the 1950s to help the U.S. Air Force
prepare for the possibility of thermonuclear war, laying the groundwork for the
field of futures studies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In 1964, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences partnered
with the Carnegie Corporation of New York to establish the Commission on the
Year 2000, led by the sociologist Daniel Bell, calling on dozens of prominent
thinkers from different fields to “imagine the future and to identify the
problem areas” that would define the new millennium. Its central concerns —
Would violent conflict continue to be a major threat? Would computers
inevitably replace “much routine activity that now passes for intellectual
work”? — emerged from the deep uncertainty of the era.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“These questions reflected a fundamental anxiety, namely,
that the American polity was changing and that the outcome of this process
might not be a recognizable liberal form but rather, a new version of the
future,” writes the historian Jenny Andersson. Predicting the future functioned
as a way of both coming to terms with the unruly present and controlling its
outcomes, effectively narrowing the window of political possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;For Bell, future scenario planning was critical if
governments and policymakers were to ensure that American society continued to
modernize. But the push toward quantification and prediction took power away
from individuals to shape the course of public affairs. Instead, it popularized
an understanding of the future as a “domain of finite possibilities, arranged
according to their greater or lesser probability,” as the historian Reinhart
Koselleck once described it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The collapse of the Soviet Union was a fleeting moment of
radical possibility, as the old international order fell and millions
experienced a new kind of freedom. But it was soon eclipsed by the idea that it
had brought about the “end of history,” in which the future belonged
exclusively to liberal democracies and their capitalist economies. The
political scientist Ivan Krastev has argued that the moment was actually the
“end of the future,” because it gave way to a “politics without real choices,”
in which fundamental questions about how governments should be organized seemed
to have been asked and answered. After the 2008 financial crisis, the range of
political futures once more opened up as socialist and populist movements began
to contest the status quo. But for individuals, dreams of the future — of
owning a home, finding a steady job, starting a family — diminished. “People
felt their options narrowing,” the historian Nils Gilman told me.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Today, both the narrative and economic outlooks for the
future are overwhelmingly dominated by A.I. That is, in itself, a radical
foreclosure. Because when we place the technology at the center of our
political imagination, we risk becoming blind to other outcomes that might
still be possible alongside it — or in its stead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The current crisis of the future has much in common with
that of the last century. Then as now, geopolitics had become newly unstable
and democracy imperiled just as emerging technologies were rapidly reshaping
everyday life. Then as now, a sense of uncertainty produced forecasts and
philosophies that boomeranged between utopian and dystopian visions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The leading A.I. companies now occupy much of the same role
that the midcentury foresight firms did in their time. The difference, of
course, is that they have far more technical and material ammunition on their
side: Not only do they own the very technology they aim to study, but they can
also draw upon a vast volume of user data to inform their predictions. OpenAI,
for example, just created its Strategic Futures unit, an “internal think tank”
led by Dean Ball, a conservative writer and former White House staff member who
helped draft the Trump administration’s 2025 white paper on A.I. The team’s
purpose is to discern what the “long-term political economy outcomes from
advanced A.I. are likely to be and what they should be, which are importantly
different questions,” Ball told me. “What levers can we pull today to steer the
world toward better outcomes?”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Many predictions of how A.I. will alter the world take a
reductive binary form: It will eliminate all jobs or create thousands of new
ones; it will cure cancer or unleash a deadly virus; it will solve climate
change or fatally accelerate it; it will bring about a new golden age or
destroy the world as we know it. “All of these are contested narratives that
are highly limiting in how we think about tomorrow,” Ari Wallach, a
self-described futurist and social-systems strategist, told me. “My concern is
that we take the current false poles in the debate as the imaginary for what is
actually possible.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The A.I. companies are now encountering meaningful
opposition to their vision. The debate over the future is scrambling partisan
divides and catalyzing new political groups. Senator Bernie Sanders recently
appeared alongside Steve Bannon at a “pro-human” event in Washington and has
argued that Silicon Valley should not be able to “dictate humanity’s future.”
Alex Bores, a New York state assemblyman, started a group called Who Decides
that aims to unify Democrats on A.I. policy; a separate group, Tomorrow Together,
formed to “help Dems win the politics of tomorrow” by focusing on A.I.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Each of these efforts is an attempt to offer up a different
story, to put forward public narratives about A.I. that are not written by
those who have the most to gain from its widespread adoption. But even as they
seek to reassert the people’s voice in decision-making about A.I., they may
make the mistake of fighting the battle on terms set by the A.I. companies,
placing the technology at the center of their political vision even as they
seek to contest its power.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The real lesson from Bell, Kahn and their colleagues in the
1960s comes from what they failed to predict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;In their quest to develop a science of the
future, they neglected to consider the possibility that the younger generation
might rise up against the unjust structures of their time, taking to the
streets to oppose the Vietnam War and to fight for free speech and civil
rights. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Commission on the Year 2000 never published its final
report; it was disbanded in 1974, considered, as Andersson writes, a “spectacular
failure” because it had been “overtaken by unpredicted developments that far
extended its collective imagination.” Generational social change was not in its
forecast.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Linda Kinstler is a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of
Fellows and a contributing writer for the magazine.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. How Silicon Valley Stole the Future: The Context. Kinstler,
Linda.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Oct 26, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8279186579666696560/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8279186579666696560' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8279186579666696560'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8279186579666696560'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/how-silicon-valley-stole-future-context.html' title='How Silicon Valley Stole the Future: The Context'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7896202668135965333</id><published>2026-10-26T19:00:25.786-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T19:00:25.786-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kariniai sraigtasparniai šiandien yra tokie pat pasenę, kaip ir arkliai – juos perka tik idiotai: devynias tonas sveriantis, JAV sraigtasparnis prieš bepilotį orlaivį</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Stebėti, kaip, devynias tonas sveriantis, atakos
sraigtasparnis „Apache“ vejasi mažą bepilotį orlaivį (droną), – tai tarsi
stebėti liūtą, medžiojantį voverę. Iššvaistoma daugybė energijos, o rezultatas
– menkas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau kare, kaip ir gamtoje, norint išgyventi, tenka daryti
tai, ką būtina. Mūšio lauke, kuriame, kaip Ukrainoje, dominuoja dronai,
įprastas „Apache“ grobis – tankai ir šarvuotoji technika – praktiškai dingsta,
todėl sraigtasparnių įguloms tenka ieškoti naujos paskirties.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Visame pasaulyje kariniai pareigūnai pradėjo iš naujo
vertinti XX a. mūšio lauko technologijų efektyvumą. Atsižvelgiant į tai, JAV
kariuomenės 2-ojo atakos bataliono (159-osios brigados), dar vadinamo
„Gunslingers“ („Ginklanešiai“), sraigtasparniai „Apache“ šį mėnesį Vokietijoje
pakilo į mokomąją misiją. Tikslas – išsiaiškinti, ar jie gali būti naudingi
kovoje prieš dronus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pratybų, pavadintų „Skyfall 2“, metu pilotai paeiliui vijosi
sraigtinius dronus „Outlaw“, kurių sparnų mojis siekia apie 11 pėdų (apie 3,3
metro). Tai apytiksliai atitinka rusiškų ir iranietiškų tolimojo nuotolio
atakos dronų „Shahed“ sparnų mojį; abi šalys šiuos dronus itin sėkmingai
naudoja mūšio laukuose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šie ginklai yra pigesni už tradicines raketas, be to, juos
kur kas paprasčiau pagaminti. Jie kelia didelę grėsmę. Nors iranietiški dronai
„Shahed“ skrieja palyginti lėtai ir pasižymi paprasta konstrukcija, jiems
pavyko įveikti amerikiečių oro gynybos sistemas. Būtent šie dronai atsakingi už
beveik visas amerikiečių netektis kare su Iranu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sraigtasparnių ir kitų senesnės kartos ginklų sistemų įgulos
turi išmokti ne tik numušti tokius dronus, bet ir pačios nuo jų apsisaugoti.
Birželį, virš Hormūzo sąsiaurio, dronas „Shahed“ numušė sraigtasparnį „Apache“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Supratome: tai reali grėsmė, tad pažiūrėkime, ką galime dėl
to padaryti“, – teigė vyresnysis puskarininkis (angl. *Chief Warrant Officer*)
Michaelas Weisskopfas, vienas iš 2-ojo atakos bataliono vyresniųjų pilotų. „Tai
nėra lengva, ypač lyginant su įprastomis „Apache“ užduotimis, kurias sudaro iš
oro į žemę“, – sakė jis, turėdamas omenyje tankus ir šarvuotąją techniką –
įprastus sraigtasparnių taikinius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pratybų metu „Apache“ sraigtasparnių pilotai, manevruodami
ir staigiai nerdami žemyn, skriejo virš Bavarijos pušynų Grafenvėro
(Grafenwöhr) poligone, netoli Niurnbergo. Jie persekiojo bepiločius orlaivius
„Outlaw“ – didelius, į modelius panašius aparatus, kuriuos ant žemės radijo
pultais valdė operatoriai. Stebint iš pratybas prižiūrinčio sraigtasparnio
„Blackhawk“, tai priminė grakštų, nors kartais ir ugnimi paženklintą, šokį.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Apache“ sraigtasparniai naudojo 30 mm mokomuosius šaudmenis
(o ne kovinius sprogstamuosius užtaisus) bei įvairias raketas. Nepaisant to,
rezultatai buvo puikūs: vienas ekipažas per vieną skrydį sunaikino visus
keturis paleistus bepiločius orlaivius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Jei būtume su kovine ginkluote, būtų daug lengviau, – teigė
vienas iš pilotų, vyresnysis puskarininkis (Chief Warrant Officer) Jarradas
Walteris. – Dabar naudojome tik plieninius sviedinius.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ukrainoje dėl bepiločių orlaivių tankai, šarvuotoji technika
ir sraigtasparniai fronto linijoje tapo beveik beverčiai. Ten, kur anksčiau
driekėsi fronto linija, dabar plyti klastinga teritorija, vadinama „naikinimo
zona“ (angl. *kill zone*). Joje viešpatauja bepiločiai orlaiviai, o karių
gyvenimo trukmė čia kartais matuojama vos minutėmis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Diskutuojama, ar tokia pažangi kariuomenė kaip Jungtinių
Valstijų galėtų įklimpti į tokį patį bepiločių orlaivių konfliktą, koks vyksta
Ukrainoje. Tačiau retas JAV kariuomenės atstovas abejoja bepiločių orlaivių
daroma įtaka.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Bepiločiai orlaiviai yra reikšmingiausia pastarosios kartos
inovacija mūšio lauke; būtent jie šiemet Ukrainoje lėmė didžiąją dalį
nuostolių“, – 2025 m. liepą rašė gynybos sekretorius Pete’as Hegsethas
dokumente, pavadintame „JAV karinio dominavimo bepiločių orlaivių srityje
įtvirtinimas“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Bepiločių orlaivių technologijos, – pridūrė jis, – vystosi
taip sparčiai, kad didžiausia mūsų rizika tampa rizikos vengimas.“ Kovoje su
bepiločiais orlaiviais sraigtasparniai jau įrodė savo vertę – tiesa, su tam
tikromis išlygomis. Ukrainos kariuomenė naudoja sovietinės gamybos
sraigtasparnius „Mi-8“ sraigtiniais varikliais varomiems dronams „Shahed“
numušti, o pastaruoju metu pradėjo bandyti pasitelkti sraigtasparnius, kaip
platformas, iš kurių paleidžiami dronai-perėmėjai, skirti kovai su
reaktyviniais bepiločių orlaivių variantais. Izraelis prieš iranietiškus dronus
netgi yra panaudojęs sraigtasparnius „Apache“. Prieš metus, kai į Lenkijos oro
erdvę įskrido daugiau nei 20 dronų, jiems perimti buvo pakelti kariniai
sraigtasparniai bei naikintuvai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;JAV pareigūnai teigė, kad „Apache“ vertina kaip vieną iš
plataus priemonių komplekso, skirto kovai su bepiločiais orlaiviais, dalių, o
ne kaip savarankišką gynybos priemonę. Nors šis sraigtasparnis gali gabenti
pažangias raketas, vienas iš jo privalumų – galimybė šaudyti 30 mm sviediniais,
kurie yra vieni pigiausių šaudmenų kariuomenės arsenale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kai „Apache“ naudoja 30 mm pabūklą, tai ne tik pigiau, bet
ir padeda spręsti vieną didelę problemą: valstybės ne tik kuria daugybę dronų,
bet ir vysto pajėgumus, leidžiančius jais atakuoti vienu metu, – sakė 4-ojo oro
gynybos artilerijos pulko 5-ojo bataliono vadas pulkininkas leitenantas Johnas
Verwielis. – Kaip įveikti tokią gausą? Mano tikslas – sutelkti kuo daugiau
sistemų, kad būtų galima neutralizuoti šią masinę grėsmę.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau ar „Apache“, ar bet kurios kitos XX a. sukurtos
gynybos priemonės – ar joms &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;neatsilikti
nuo sparčiai tobulėjančių bepiločių orlaivių technologijų – neaišku. Vis
dažniau bepiločiai orlaiviai pasižymi savybėmis, kurios prilygsta pilotuojamų
orlaivių galimybėms arba jas pranoksta, tačiau kainuoja kur kas pigiau ir
nekelia pavojaus pilotams. Ukrainos bendrovė „SkyFall“ sukūrė didžiulį naują
bepilotį orlaivį „Stargate“, galintį evakuoti karius iš mūšio lauko.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Naujausi Rusijos naudojami „Shahed“ modeliai, vadinami
„Geran-4“, turi reaktyvinius variklius ir skrieja tokiu greičiu, kurio
sraigtasparnis „Apache“ pasiekti negali.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Mums svarbiausias veiksnys yra greitis, – teigė vyresnysis
puskarininkis Cody Schoonoveris, 2-ojo 159-ojo puolimo bataliono vyriausiasis
ginkluotės specialistas. – Sraigtasparniu negalime skristi greičiau nei tam
tikru greičiu, tad jei bepilotis orlaivis turi reaktyvinį variklį – tai jau
visai kita lyga, kuriai mes neprilygstame.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pilotai pripažįsta, kad būsimuose karuose sraigtasparniams
„Apache“ teks atlikti kitokį, galbūt net labiau ribotą vaidmenį. Kaip rodo
konfliktas Ukrainoje, mūšio lauke, kuriame gausu bepiločių orlaivių,
sraigtasparniai ilgai neišsilaiko.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pasak p. Weisskopfo, karų Irake ir Afganistane metu
sraigtasparniai „Apache“ galėdavo valandų valandas išbūti mūšio zonoje. Dabar,
anot jo, jiems tektų nepastebėtiems įskristi, sunaikinti taikinį ir kuo
greičiau pasišalinti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Nemanome, kad jie bus naudojami pačioje fronto linijoje“, –
sakė jis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pavojų
akivaizdžiai parodė praėjusią vasarą virš Hormūzo sąsiaurio įvykęs incidentas,
kai „Shahed“ numušė sraigtasparnį „Apache“. Ekspertai svarstė, ar būtent tas
modelis apskritai galėjo numušti judantį taikinį, pavyzdžiui, sraigtasparnį.
Gali būti, kad bepilotis orlaivis turėjo pažangią taikinių aptikimo
technologiją – panašią į tą, kuri naudojama sudėtingesniuose Rusijos
bepiločiuose orlaiviuose.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pareigūnų teigimu, taip pat įmanoma, kad sraigtasparnis su
bepiločiu orlaiviu susidūrė netyčia.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pagalvok tu sau.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. A New Era of War: A Nine-Ton U.S. Helicopter Versus a
Drone. Schwirtz, Michael.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Oct
26, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/7896202668135965333/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/7896202668135965333' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7896202668135965333'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7896202668135965333'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/kariniai-sraigtasparniai-siandien-yra.html' title='Kariniai sraigtasparniai šiandien yra tokie pat pasenę, kaip ir arkliai – juos perka tik idiotai: devynias tonas sveriantis, JAV sraigtasparnis prieš bepilotį orlaivį'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8639585612633395589</id><published>2026-10-26T18:54:50.620-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T18:54:50.621-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Military Helicopters Are Today as Obsolete, as Horses, Only Idiots Are Buying Them: A Nine-Ton U.S. Helicopter Versus a Drone</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Watching a nine-ton Apache attack helicopter chase a small
drone is a bit like witnessing a lion hunt a squirrel. A lot of energy is
expended for seemingly paltry gains.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But in war, as in nature, you do what you must to survive.
In a battlefield dominated by drones as in Ukraine, the Apache’s natural prey —
tanks and armored vehicles — largely disappear, leaving helicopter crews in
search of new purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Around the world, military officials have begun to reassess
the efficacy of 20th-century battlefield technologies. With that in mind,
Apaches from the U.S. Army’s 2-159th Attack Battalion, known as the
Gunslingers, took to the air this month on a training mission in Germany to see
what value, if any, they could bring to a drone fight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In the
exercise, called Skyfall 2, pilots took turns chasing propeller-driven drones
called Outlaws, which have wingspans of about 11 feet. That roughly matches the
wingspans of Russian and Iranian long-range attack drones known as Shaheds,
which both countries use to great effect on battlefields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;These
weapons are cheaper than traditional rockets and missiles and much simpler to
make. The threat they pose is grave. Despite their relatively slow speed and
simple design, Iranian Shahed drones have slipped through American air
defenses. They were responsible for almost all American deaths to date in the
war with Iran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Crews of helicopters and other legacy weapon systems have to
learn not only to shoot down these weapons but also to protect themselves from
them. In June, over the Strait of Hormuz, a Shahed took down an Apache.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“It was like, this is a real threat, so let’s see what we
can do about it,” Chief Warrant Officer Michael Weisskopf, one of the 2-159
Attack Battalion’s senior pilots, said. “It’s not easy compared to what the
Apache usually does, which is air to ground,” he said, referring to the tanks
and armored vehicles that the helicopter normally targets.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;At the exercises, Apache pilots banked and swooped over
Bavarian pine forests at the Grafenwöhr training center near Nuremberg. They
chased down the Outlaw drones, which are like large model airplanes flown by
pilots with radio controllers on the ground. Viewed from a Blackhawk helicopter
monitoring the exercises, it looked like a graceful, if occasionally fiery,
dance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Apaches used 30-millimeter training rounds, not the
explosive rounds they might use in combat, together with missiles and rockets.
But they still performed well. One crew took out all four drones launched
during a single flight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“If we had our go-to-war load, it would be a lot easier,”
Chief Warrant Officer Jarrad Walter, one of the pilots, said. “These are just
steel rounds.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In Ukraine,
drones have made tanks and armored vehicles, as well as helicopters, largely
obsolete at the front. Where once there was a front line, there is now a vast
area of treacherous territory called the kill zone, where drones dominate and
life expectancy for troops is sometimes measured in minutes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Whether a military as advanced as the United States’ could
end up bogged down in a drone conflict similar to the one in Ukraine is being
debated. But few U.S. military officials dismiss the impact drones will have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Drones are the biggest battlefield innovation in a
generation, accounting for most of this year’s casualties in Ukraine,” Defense
Secretary Pete Hegseth said in a memo in July 2025 titled “Unleashing U.S.
Military Drone Dominance.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Drone technology,” he added, “is advancing so rapidly, our
major risk is risk avoidance.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;As part of the anti-drone toolbox, helicopters have already
proven their worth — up to a point. The Ukrainian military uses Soviet-era Mi-8
attack helicopters to shoot down propeller-driven Shaheds, and recently began
trying to use helicopters as launchers for drone interceptors against
jet-powered variants. Israel has even used Apaches against Iranian versions. A
year ago, when more than 20 drones crossed into Polish airspace, military
helicopters along with fighter aircraft were deployed to shoot them down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;U.S. officials said they envisioned the Apache as one piece
of a broad anti-drone package, not as a stand-alone defense. Though the
helicopter can carry advanced rockets and missiles, one of its advantages is
that it can also fire 30-millimeter rounds, among the cheapest ammunition in
Army inventories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;“Having an
Apache engage with a 30-millimeter, it’s not only cheaper but it also helps me
with a major problem that I have, which is that nations are not only developing
a lot of drones, they’re developing the ability to attack at the same time,”
said Lt. Col. John Verwiel, commander for the 5th Battalion, 4th Air Defense
Artillery Regiment. “How do I defeat mass? I’m all about bringing as many
systems to bear on that mass problem that I have.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But whether the Apache or any other 20th-century defenses
can keep up with rapidly advancing drone technology is not clear. Increasingly,
drones come with features that match or beat those of their piloted
counterparts at a fraction of the cost and without putting pilots at risk. The
Ukrainian company SkyFall has a massive new drone called the Stargate that is
capable of evacuating troops from the battlefield.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Russia’s
latest model of Shaheds, known as the Geran-4, have jet engines and travel at
speeds that the Apache cannot match.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;“It’s really
the speed that’s a factor for us,” said Chief Warrant Officer Cody Schoonover,
a master gunner with the 2-159th Attack Battalion. “We can only go so fast in a
helicopter, so you put a jet engine on a drone, that’s kind of out of the
ballpark for us.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pilots
acknowledged that the Apache helicopter would play a different and perhaps more
limited role in future warfare. As the conflict in Ukraine shows, helicopters
do not last long on a battlefield saturated with drones. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In the wars
in Iraq and Afghanistan, Apaches could linger in the battle space for hours,
Mr. Weisskopf said. Now, he said, they would need to rush in undetected, take
out a target and speed away.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;“We’re not
envisioning these at the front,” he said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The Shahed
that brought down the Apache over the Strait of Hormuz last summer highlighted
the dangers. Experts have debated whether that particular model was capable of
shooting down a moving target like a helicopter. It is possible the drone
possessed advanced targeting technology similar to that of more advanced drones
used by Russia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Or the helicopter could have collided with the drone
accidentally, officials said.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Right.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. A New Era of War: A Nine-Ton U.S. Helicopter Versus a
Drone. Schwirtz, Michael.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Oct
26, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8639585612633395589/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8639585612633395589' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8639585612633395589'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8639585612633395589'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/military-helicopters-are-today-as.html' title='Military Helicopters Are Today as Obsolete, as Horses, Only Idiots Are Buying Them: A Nine-Ton U.S. Helicopter Versus a Drone'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-1284988642435003349</id><published>2026-10-26T08:54:31.679-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T09:53:37.619-07:00</updated><title type='text'>What is Lithuania’s security strategy?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;HwtZe&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ryNqvb&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;There are only three great powers in the world—led by Putin, Xi, and Trump.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;jCAhz ChMk0b&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ryNqvb&quot;&gt;The nationalists governing Lithuania have declared &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vz.lt/izvalgos/2026/10/23/n-summeris-tikekites-nauju-beprotisku-trumpo-pranesimu-bet-neskubekite-daryti-isvadu-591778&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;all three of them&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to be enemies of Lithuania.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/1284988642435003349/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/1284988642435003349' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1284988642435003349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1284988642435003349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/what-is-lithuanias-security-strategy.html' title='What is Lithuania’s security strategy?'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-5537955382130331764</id><published>2026-10-26T08:42:48.888-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T09:52:11.381-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kokia Lietuvos saugumo strategija?</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Pasaulyje yra tik
trys didžiosios valstybės, vadovaujamos Putino, Xi ir Trumpo. Lietuvą valdantys,
nacionalistai paskelbė Lietuvos priešais &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vz.lt/izvalgos/2026/10/23/n-summeris-tikekites-nauju-beprotisku-trumpo-pranesimu-bet-neskubekite-daryti-isvadu-591778&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;visus tris&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/5537955382130331764/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/5537955382130331764' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5537955382130331764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5537955382130331764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/kokia-lietuvos-saugumo-strategija.html' title='Kokia Lietuvos saugumo strategija?'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-3570880656630563635</id><published>2026-10-26T07:10:14.657-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T07:10:14.657-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Le Pen pristato save, kaip Prancūzijos vienytoją --- Dešiniųjų kandidatė, pradėdama kampaniją, atkartoja MAGA judėjimą, įskaitant kaltinimus, kad Zelenskis kelia mums didžiausias problemas</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„PARYŽIUS -- Marine Le Pen, pagrindinė Prancūzijos dešiniųjų
kandidatė į prezidentus, pradėjo savo kitų metų rinkimų kampaniją, pristatydama
save kaip vienijančią figūrą, kuri atgaivins Prancūziją po kelias savaites
trukusių neramumų, kuriuos kurstė ekonominiai sunkumai ir pyktis vyriausybei.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tiek dešiniųjų, tiek kairiųjų politikai bandė perimti
iniciatyvą, šį mėnesį Prancūzijoje vykusiems protestams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šeštadienį daugiau nei 400 000 žmonių išėjo į gatves,
protestuodami prieš kylančias pragyvenimo išlaidas ir blogėjančias viešąsias
paslaugas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nors demonstracijos daugiausia buvo taikios, keliuose
regionuose kilo susirėmimai su policija, atkartojantys plėšikavimą ir riaušes,
kurios nuniokojo šalį savaitę anksčiau.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sekmadienį kreipdamasi į tūkstančius rėmėjų istoriniame
Orleano mieste, kur Žana d&#39;Ark padėjo nutraukti anglų apgultį 1429 m., Le Pen
bandė iškelti save aukščiau politinės kovos, kreipdamasi į rinkėjus, kurie nėra
jos tradicinė bazė. Jai reikės platesnės paramos, kad laimėtų prezidento postą,
pasiekusi pakartotinį rinkimų turą tiek 2017, tiek 2022 m., tačiau pralaimėjusi
Emmanueliui Macronui.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kiekvienas pilietis, su savo skirtinga patirtimi, talentais
ir jausmais, yra raginamas dalyvauti mano siūlomame Prancūzijos atgimimo
judėjime“, – sakė ji.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kalbėdama apie Renesansą ir Prancūzijos civilizacijos
pasiekimus, Le Pen nupiešė platų nacionalinio atsinaujinimo paveikslą. Ji
kalbėjo apie grožį, humanizmą ir pažangą, žadė atkurti Prancūzijos didybę ir
pasitikėjimą tuo, ką kai kurie komentatoriai apibūdino kaip užuominą į
prezidento Trumpo judėjimą „Padaryk Ameriką vėl didžią“. Ji taip pat grįžo prie
pažįstamų imigracijos ir nusikalstamumo temų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Turime atgauti pasitikėjimą savimi, savo gebėjimu susidurti
su mus užgriuvusių įvykių srautu ir jį suvaldyti“, – sakė ji.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Le Pen pažadėjo didesnius atlyginimus darbuotojams,
stipresnį socialinės gerovės tinklą ir didesnį darbo vietų saugumą, kartu su
mokesčių mažinimu įmonėms, paveldėjimo mokesčio lengvatomis ir griežtesne
viešųjų išlaidų kontrole.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ji siekė peržengti partijos politikos ribas, sakydama, kad
atsistatydins, kai jos Nacionalinio sambūrio partijos parlamentinės grupės
vadovė ir suformuoti tai, ką ji apibūdino kaip nacionalinės vienybės
vyriausybę, o partijos pirmininkas Jordanas Bardella būtų ministras
pirmininkas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Atsisakius tradicinių politinių etikečių, Le Pen teigė, kad
būtų išvengta darbuotojų supriešinimo su akcininkais arba valstybės tarnautojų
su verslininkais. „Aš nesu nei dešinioji, nei kairioji“, – sakė ji, cituodama
tai, ką ji apibūdino kaip indų patarlę. „Aš esu paukštis“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vis dėlto atrodė, kad augantis nepasitenkinimas Paryžiaus ir
kitų miestų gatvėmis retai kada buvo toli nuo Le Pen proto. Ji pažadėjo
griežtai kovoti su neteisėtumu ir visiškai netoleruoti plėšikų ir maištininkų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kas gali pasakyti, kad egzistuoja teisinė valstybė, kai
minios niokoja ir degina pastatus arba vykdo masinį plėšikavimą policijos
pajėgų akivaizdoje, iš kurių sąmoningai atimtos priemonės ir įgaliojimai
įsikišti?“ – sakė ji.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Le Pen tono pasikeitimas, ypač jos teiginiai, kad ji yra
vienintelė politinė figūra, galinti suvienyti šalį, atspindi jos stipriąją
poziciją artėjant ketvirtajam prezidento rinkimų etapui. Pirmajame apklausų
rate ji gerokai pirmauja prieš savo varžoves, o kai kurios apklausos rodo, kad
ji pirmauja ir antrajame ture tarp dviejų pirmaujančių kandidatų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šeštadienį paskelbta „Ipsos“ apklausa pabrėžė Le Pen
galimybes, nes jose plačiai nepritariama vyriausybės veiksmams neramumų metu, o
jos atsakas vertinamas palankiausiai iš visų politinių lyderių. Tačiau nebuvo
jokių ženklų, kad ji pritrauktų naujų rinkėjų dėl smurto: apklausa parodė, kad
nuo 32% iki 33,5% rinkėjų paremtų Le Pen pirmajame prezidento rinkimų ture,
mažai kas pasikeitė, palyginti su neramumais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dabartinis prezidento posto einantis Macronas jau pasiekė
dviejų kadencijų ribą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nepaisant daugiau nei dešimtmečio, praleisto bandant
atsikratyti ekstremistinės savo partijos reputacijos, iš dalies kilusios dėl
jos ugningo tėvo Jean-Marie Le Pen, jaunesnioji Le Pen išlieka labai
prieštaringa. Daugelis Prancūzijos rinkėjų vis dar laiko Le Pen prezidentavimo
perspektyvą nepriimtina. Jai taip pat gresia galimybė agituoti su elektronine
kulkšnies žyma, Prancūzijos apeliaciniam teismui liepą patvirtinus nuosprendį
dėl neteisėto milijonų eurų Europos Sąjungos lėšų panaudojimo, nors bausmė jai
lieka galioti. sustabdyta, kol bus priimtas galutinis apeliacinis skundas.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pigi rusiška
energija ir „Mistral“ DI, išplėstas, remiantis šia energija, padės Le Pen
atgaivinti Prancūziją. Marine Le Pen nuolat teigia, kad Europos sankcijos
rusiškai naftai ir dujoms kenkia Prancūzijos vartotojams ir verslui labiau, nei
Maskvai. Jos platforma pabrėžia Prancūzijos perkamosios galios atkūrimą,
mažinant energijos mokesčius ir, kur tai politiškai įmanoma, užsitikrinant
pigesnius tradicinius energijos šaltinius. Akivaizdu, kad Prancūzijai reikia
daugiau pigios energijos, nei jos suteikia tradicinė branduolinė energija. Prie
tos pačios išvados eina ir vokiečiai, vedami didžiausią populiarumą turinčios AfD.
Likusieji ES „ekonominiai nykštukai“ neturi nei dirbtinio intelekto, nei
galios, nei smegenų – ir jiems to visai nereikia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Le Pen Pitches Herself as France&#39;s Unifier
--- Right-wing candidate echoes MAGA movement as she launches campaign. Kostov,
Nick.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct 2026:
A8.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Le Pen Pitches Herself as France&#39;s Unifier
--- Right-wing candidate echoes MAGA movement as she launches campaign. Kostov,
Nick.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct 2026:
A8.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/3570880656630563635/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/3570880656630563635' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3570880656630563635'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3570880656630563635'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/le-pen-pristato-save-kaip-prancuzijos.html' title='Le Pen pristato save, kaip Prancūzijos vienytoją --- Dešiniųjų kandidatė, pradėdama kampaniją, atkartoja MAGA judėjimą, įskaitant kaltinimus, kad Zelenskis kelia mums didžiausias problemas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8895294549175428295</id><published>2026-10-26T06:56:49.004-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T06:56:49.004-07:00</updated><title type='text'>  Le Pen Pitches Herself as France&#39;s Unifier --- Right-wing candidate echoes MAGA movement, including blaming Zelensky for all our troubles, as she launches campaign</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“PARIS -- Marine Le Pen, France&#39;s leading right-wing
presidential candidate, opened her campaign for next year&#39;s elections by
casting herself as a unifying figure to revive France after weeks of unrest
fueled by economic hardship and anger at the government.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Politicians from both right and left have been trying to
seize the initiative as this month&#39;s protests swept through France.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;On Saturday, more than 400,000 people
took to the streets to rail against the rising cost of living and deteriorating
public services. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;While the demonstrations largely were peaceful, clashes with
police broke out in several regions in an echo of the looting and rioting that
wrecked the country a week earlier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Addressing thousands of supporters on Sunday in the historic
city of Orleans, where Joan of Arc helped lift an English siege in 1429, Le Pen
tried to place herself above the political fray with an appeal to voters beyond
her traditional base. She will need that broader support to win the presidency,
having reached the runoff in both 2017 and 2022 only to lose to Emmanuel
Macron.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;Every citizen, with their different backgrounds,
talents and sensibilities, is called upon to take part in the movement for
France&#39;s renaissance that I am proposing,&quot; she said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Invoking the Renaissance and the achievements of French
civilization, Le Pen painted a sweeping picture of national renewal. She spoke
of beauty, humanism and progress, promising to restore France&#39;s greatness and
confidence in what some commentators described as suggestive of President
Trump&#39;s Make American Great Again movement. She also returned to familiar
themes of immigration and crime.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;We must regain confidence in ourselves, in our ability
to confront and tame the torrent of events bearing down on us,&quot; she said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Le Pen
promised higher pay for workers, a stronger social-welfare net and greater job
security alongside tax cuts for businesses, inheritance-tax relief and tighter
controls on public spending.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;She sought to transcend party politics by saying she would
step down as head of her National Rally party&#39;s parliamentary group and form
what she described as a government of national unity with party president
Jordan Bardella as prime minister.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Putting
aside traditional political labels, Le Pen said, would avoid pitting employees
against shareholders or civil servants against entrepreneurs. &quot;I am
neither the right wing nor the left wing,&quot; she said, quoting what she
described as an Indian proverb. &quot;I am the bird.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Still, it
seemed that the growing dissatisfaction on the streets of Paris and other
cities was seldom far from Le Pen&#39;s mind. She vowed a crackdown on lawlessness
and zero tolerance for looters and rioters.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;Who
can say the rule of law exists when hordes vandalize and burn buildings or
carry out wholesale looting in front of police forces deliberately stripped of
the means and authority to intervene?&quot; she said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Le Pen&#39;s shift in tone, specifically her claims to be the
only political figure who could pull the country together, reflects her
position of strength as she approaches her fourth run at the presidency. She
leads her rivals by a wide margin in first-round polls, with some surveys also
putting her ahead in a runoff between the two leading candidates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;An Ipsos poll published on Saturday underscored the
opportunity for Le Pen, finding widespread disapproval of the government&#39;s
handling of the unrest and giving her the most favorable assessments of any
political leader for her response. But there was little sign she had gained new
voters from the violence: The poll showed that between 32% and 33.5% of voters
would back Le Pen in the first round of the presidential election, little
changed from before the unrest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Macron, the incumbent, has already hit his two-term limit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Despite more than a decade spent trying to shed her party&#39;s
extremist reputation, partly derived from her firebrand father, Jean-Marie Le
Pen, the younger Le Pen remains deeply divisive. Many French voters still
regard the prospect of a Le Pen presidency unacceptable. She also faces the
prospect of campaigning with an electronic ankle tag after a French appeals
court upheld her conviction in July for illegally using millions of euros in
European Union funds, though her sentence remains suspended pending a final
appeal.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Cheap
Russian energy and Mistral AI expanded on basis of this energy will help Le Pen
to revive France. Marine Le Pen has consistently argued that European sanctions
on Russian oil and gas harm French consumers and businesses more than they
affect Moscow. Her platform emphasizes restoring French purchasing power by
lowering energy taxes and, where politically viable, securing cheaper
traditional energy sources. Obviously, France needs more cheap energy than it
is provided by traditional nuclear power. Germans with most popular AfD are
arriving at the same conclusion. Rest economic gnomes of the EU have no AI, no
power, no brains, and no need for it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Le Pen Pitches Herself as France&#39;s Unifier
--- Right-wing candidate echoes MAGA movement as she launches campaign. Kostov,
Nick.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct 2026:
A8.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8895294549175428295/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8895294549175428295' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8895294549175428295'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8895294549175428295'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/le-pen-pitches-herself-as-frances.html' title='  Le Pen Pitches Herself as France&#39;s Unifier --- Right-wing candidate echoes MAGA movement, including blaming Zelensky for all our troubles, as she launches campaign'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-5888082382666719154</id><published>2026-10-26T05:48:09.216-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T05:48:09.216-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Tik idiotai gali dabar pirkti tradicinę karinę įrangą. Jokie pinigai gynybai negali išgelbėti nuo tikslių pigių kiniškų dronų ir raketų spiečių: husių smūgis prieš karius rodo Saudo Arabijos iššūkius, nors joje buvo išleista daug pinigų karui.</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Europos Sąjungą
valdo didelė grupė vien tik idiotų. Saudo Arabijos kančios yra akivaizdžios
visiems:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Pastaruoju metu
didėjantys husių smūgiai prieš Saudo Arabijos vadovaujamos koalicijos pajėgas
išryškina kritinį šiuolaikinio karo pažeidžiamumą: daugelio milijardų dolerių
vertės tradicinės gynybos sistemos sunkiai kovoja su pigių, tikslių dronų ir
raketų spiečiais. Šis pokytis atskleidžia gilų finansinį ir taktinį asimetriją,
kai didelė tradicinės gynybos kaina vaidina svarbų vaidmenį priešininko
strategijoje.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Ekonominė
asimetrija&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Šiuolaikinė oro
gynyba susiduria su ekonomine krize mūšio lauke.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• Sąnaudų
disbalansas: Sausumos pajėgos dažnai naudoja perėmėjas raketas (pvz., „Patriot“
sistemą), kurių šūvis kainuoja nuo 2 iki 4 mln. USD, kad numuštų skriejančius
sprogmenis, sparnuotąsias raketas arba FPV (pirmojo asmens vaizdo) dronus,
kurių gamyba kainuoja nuo 500 iki 20 000 USD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• Išteklių
išeikvojimas: Priešininkams nereikia tiesiogiai naikinti tradicinės karinės
infrastruktūros. Paleisdami masinius perėmėjų spiečius, jie priverčia gynėjus
įsitraukti į išsekimo karą, sparčiai eikvodami brangias perėmėjų atsargas ir
išsekdami įgulos pasirengimą.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;,sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;🇸🇦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt; Saudo Arabijos dilema&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Nepaisant to, kad
Saudo Arabija turi vieną didžiausių gynybos biudžetų pasaulyje – kasmet
išleidžia daugiau nei 83 mlrd. USD pažangiai vakarietiškai įrangai – jos
gynybos sistema yra smarkiai išbandyta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• Pažeidžiama
geografija: Saudo Arabijos infrastruktūrai gresia daugiakryptės grėsmės.
Geografiškai arti paleidimo vietų Jemene esančios husiai gali apeiti didelius
radarų tinklus, naudodami žemo aukščio sparnuotąsias raketas ir labai
manevringas balistines technologijas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• Tradicinė ir
partizaninė architektūra: aukštųjų technologijų naikintuvai ir tradicinės
raketinės gynybos baterijos iš pradžių buvo optimizuotos kovai su įprastiniais
valstybės veikėjais (pvz., įprastiniais orlaiviais ar didelio aukščio
balistinėmis grėsmėmis), o ne decentralizuotomis, žemai skraidančių
partizaninių dronų bangomis. Perėjimas prie autonomijos ir elektroninio karo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Šių smūgių
realybė paskatino spartų pasaulinių karinių pajėgų posūkį nuo vien tik
„sunkiosios geležies“ senosios įrangos naudojimo prie autonominių atsakomųjų
priemonių:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• JAV posūkis:
Pripažindamas šį pokytį, Pentagonas ėmėsi didelių pastangų, teikdamas didžiulę
biudžeto paramą tokioms iniciatyvoms kaip „Agincourt“ projektas, skirdamas
didžiulę biudžeto paramą sparčiam dronų plėtrai, autonomijai ir dirbtiniam
intelektui, kad būtų galima pasipriešinti sparčiam konkurentų, tokių kaip
Kinija, modernizavimui.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;• Besivystančios
atsakomosios priemonės: Karinė taktika pereina nuo kinetinių raketų perėmimo
prie daugiasluoksnių, ekonomiškai efektyvių kovos su nepilotuojamais orlaiviais
sistemų (C-UAS). Jos labai priklauso nuo elektroninio karo, GPS klastotojų,
kryptinių trukdyklių, nukreiptos energijos ginklų (lazerių) ir automatinių
tinklų gaudymo sistemų, skirtų neutralizuoti spiečių nepažeidžiant gynybos
biudžeto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&quot;Kelias dienas
bepiločiai orlaiviai stebėjo dykumoje esančią bazę atokiame Jemeno regione, kur
Saudo Arabijos karininkai ruošėsi apmokyti naujai suburtas vietines pajėgas,
tęsiantis kovai su Irano remiamais husių kovotojais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Spalio 19 d., vos
prasidėjus mokymams, husiai per kelias minutes į bazę paleido tris balistines
raketas. Kaip teigia su įvykiu susipažinę Saudo Arabijos ir Jemeno pareigūnai
bei liudininkai, per šią ataką – mirtiniausią, kurią per dabartinį karą surengė
sukilėliai – žuvo mažiausiai 75 žmonės, o daugiau nei 200 buvo sužeisti (tarp
jų – ir Saudo Arabijos kariai).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Smūgis Šabvos
provincijoje buvo vienas iš pastarojo meto išpuolių serijos, rodančios, su
kokiais dideliais sunkumais susiduria Saudo Arabija, bandydama suvaldyti
priešą, kuris įrodė gebantis rinkti slaptą žvalgybinę informaciją apie jos
pajėgų judėjimą ir greitai bei tiksliai reaguoti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Spalio 15 d.
husiai bepiločiais orlaiviais ir raketomis atakavo Al Mašiko rūmus Adene –
vietą, kur įsikūrusi tarptautiniu mastu pripažinta Jemeno vyriausybė. Pasak kai
kurių su įvykiu susipažinusių Saudo Arabijos ir Jemeno pareigūnų, per ataką
žuvo ir buvo sužeista keletas žmonių, tarp jų – Saudo Arabijos karininkai,
kurių gyvenamąsias patalpas kliudė viena iš raketų.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Trečiadienį husių
raketa smogė oro uostui netoli rytinio Mukalos uostamiesčio – tai įvyko
netrukus po to, kai į ten esančią bazę atvyko Saudo Arabijos karinis
pastiprinimas, teigė pareigūnai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;„Žvelgiant
plačiau, husiai sistemingai taikosi į karinį pastiprinimą ir pajėgų
perdislokavimą visame Jemene: atvykstančias transporto priemones, amunicijos
siuntas, karių telkinius bei susibūrimus verbavimo punktuose“, – sakė
Mohammedas al Baša, Jemeno ekspertas, vadovaujantis JAV įsikūrusiai rizikos
vertinimo įmonei „Basha Report“.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudo Arabijos
vyriausybė į prašymus pakomentuoti situaciją neatsakė.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudo Arabija jau
daugiau nei dešimtmetį nesėkmingai bando suvaldyti husių keliamą grėsmę prie
savo pietinės sienos. Karalystė įsitraukė į Jemeno pilietinį karą 2015 m.,
netrukus po to, kai husiai užėmė sostinę Saną, tačiau po septynerių metų,
husiams pradėjus atakuoti Saudo Arabijos miestus ir energetikos infrastruktūrą,
buvo sudarytos paliaubos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Karalystė teikė
finansinę paramą valstybės tarnautojų atlyginimams Sanoje mokėti per kelerius
santykinės ramybės metus, tačiau šią vasarą kovos atsinaujino ir greitai
paaštrėjo. Hūsiai užėmė teritoriją prie Bab el Mandebo sąsiaurio – strategiškai
svarbios vietos prie Raudonosios jūros, – taip keldami grėsmę Saudo Arabijos
naftos eksportui. Be to, jie ne kartą atakavo tarptautinį oro uostą Rijade; per
šias atakas žuvo mažiausiai 18 žmonių, o skrydžiai buvo nutraukti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudo Arabijos
remiamos pajėgos šio mėnesio pradžioje surengė kontrataką, tačiau didesnės
sėkmės nepasiekė. Tuo tarpu hūsiai kelia grėsmę strategiškai svarbiam Taizo
miestui ir nuolat puola Adeną – vietą, kurioje įsikūrusi vyriausybė.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Jei Saudo Arabija
nori surengti didelį puolimą prieš hūsius, jai teks arba verbuoti daugiau
kovotojų vietoje, arba siųsti į Jemeną daugiau savo pajėgų.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Naujausios šios
ginkluotos grupuotės atakos rodo, kokia kruvina gali tapti ši kova. Dabar
hūsiai naudoja kur kas pažangesnius bepiločius orlaivius, raketas ir žvalgybos
priemones. Be to, jie įrodo, kad gali surengti tikslius ir gerai suplanuotus
smūgius tiek Jemeno viduje, tiek už jo ribų.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;„Tai jau ne
2015-ieji, – teigia Fatima Abo Alasrar, Jemeno ekspertė, rašanti projektui „The
Ideology Machine“, kuriame nagrinėjama Artimųjų Rytų propaganda ir
autoritariniai režimai. – Padėtis tapo daug, daug blogesnė.“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Hūsių taikiniu
tapusi „al-Alam“ stovykla yra strategiškai svarbioje vietoje Jemeno Šabvos
provincijoje – dykumingame regione, kuriame telkiasi susiskaldžiusios šalies
naftos ir gamtinių dujų telkiniai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Dėl hūsių atakų
2022 m. nutrūko energijos išteklių eksportas, tačiau ši teritorija ir jos
ekonominis potencialas išlieka itin svarbūs: tiek tarptautiniu mastu
pripažintai vyriausybei, siekiančiai išlaikyti kontrolę savo valdomoje šalies
dalyje, tiek hūsiams, kurie siekia užkariauti visą Jemeną.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Su Jungtiniais
Arabų Emyratais (JAE) susijusios pajėgos – kurios anksčiau, kare prieš hūsius,
buvo Saudo Arabijos sąjungininkės – daugelį metų kontroliavo šią stovyklą, kol
JAE 2021 m. pasitraukė iš šios teritorijos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Pasak su
incidentu susipažinusio Jemeno pareigūno, spalio 19 d. į vietą mokymams atvyko
šimtai vyrų, įstojusių į vietines saugumo pajėgas; jiems buvo pažadėta, kad už
atvykimą bus sumokėta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Liudininkai
laikraščiui „The Wall Street Journal“ teigė, kad į bazę, kurioje buvo susitelkę
keturi batalionai, pataikė trys balistinės raketos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Jemeno ir Saudo
Arabijos pareigūnų teigimu, raketų smūgio metu Saudo Arabijos kariai jau buvo
pasiruošę mokymams. Tarp nukentėjusiųjų buvo ir Saudo Arabijos piliečių, tačiau
pareigūnai detalesnės informacijos nepateikė.“ [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;1. World News:
Houthi Strike On Troops Shows Saudi Challenges. al-Batati, Saleh; Said, Summer;
Gambrell, Jon.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct
2026: A6.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/5888082382666719154/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/5888082382666719154' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5888082382666719154'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5888082382666719154'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/tik-idiotai-gali-dabar-pirkti-tradicine.html' title='Tik idiotai gali dabar pirkti tradicinę karinę įrangą. Jokie pinigai gynybai negali išgelbėti nuo tikslių pigių kiniškų dronų ir raketų spiečių: husių smūgis prieš karius rodo Saudo Arabijos iššūkius, nors joje buvo išleista daug pinigų karui.'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-1415370215748323756</id><published>2026-10-26T05:38:32.274-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-26T05:38:32.275-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Only Idiots Can Buy Traditional Military Gear Now. No Money for Defense Can Save You From Swarms of Precise Cheap Chinese Drones and Missiles: Houthi Strike On Troops Shows Saudi Challenges, After Spending a Lot</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The European Union is run by a big
group of idiots only. Saudi suffering is obvious for all to see:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The recent escalating Houthi strikes on Saudi-led coalition
forces highlight a critical vulnerability in modern warfare: multi-billion
dollar traditional defense systems are struggling to defeat low-cost, precise
drone and missile swarms. This shift exposes a deep financial and tactical
asymmetry where the high cost of traditional defense plays into the adversary&#39;s
strategy. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The Economic Asymmetry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Modern air defenses are facing an economic crisis on the
battlefield.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The Cost
Imbalance: Ground forces frequently rely on interceptor missiles (like the
Patriot system) costing $2 million to $4 million per shot to down loitering
munitions, cruise missiles, or FPV (First-Person View) drones that cost
anywhere from $500 to $20,000 to manufacture. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Resource
Depletion: Adversaries do not need to destroy traditional military
infrastructure directly. By launching mass swarms, they force defenders into a
war of attrition, rapidly depleting expensive interceptor stockpiles and
exhausting crew readiness. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;,sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;🇸🇦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt; The Saudi Dilemma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;Despite having one of the highest defense budgets in the
world—spending upwards of $83 billion annually on advanced Western
hardware—Saudi Arabia&#39;s defense framework is heavily tested.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Vulnerable
Geography: Saudi infrastructure is exposed to multi-directional threats.
Geographically close launch areas in Yemen allow Houthis to bypass expansive
radar nets by utilizing low-altitude cruise missiles and highly maneuverable
ballistic tech. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Traditional
vs. Guerrilla Architecture: High-tech fighter jets and traditional missile
defense batteries were originally optimized to counter conventional state
actors (like conventional aircraft or high-altitude ballistic threats) rather
than decentralized, low-flying guerrilla drone waves. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The Shift to Autonomy and Electronic Warfare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;The reality of these strikes has triggered a rapid pivot
across global militaries away from relying solely on &quot;heavy iron&quot;
legacy hardware toward autonomous counter-measures:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The U.S.
Pivot: Acknowledging this shift, the Pentagon has pushed heavily into
initiatives like Project Agincourt, focusing massive budgetary support toward
rapid drone scaling, autonomy, and AI to counter rapid modernization by
competitors like China. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ligatures: none;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Evolving
Countermeasures: Military tactics are transitioning away from kinetic missile
interceptions toward layered, cost-effective counter-unmanned aerial systems
(C-UAS). These rely heavily on electronic warfare, GPS spoofers, directional
jammers, directed energy weapons (lasers), and automated net-catching systems
to neutralize swarms without breaking the defense budget.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;„For days, drones
surveilled a desert base in the far reaches of Yemen where Saudi Arabian
officers prepared to train newly enlisted local forces as the fight against the
Iran-backed Houthi militia rages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Just as the training got under way Oct. 19, the Houthis
hit the base with three ballistic missiles over the span of a few minutes,
killing at least 75 people and wounding more than 200 others -- including Saudi
troops -- in the deadliest single attack by the militants in the new war, Saudi
and Yemen officials briefed on the incident and witnesses said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;The strike on
Shabwah was one of a string of recent attacks that show the stiff challenge
Saudi Arabia faces in trying to contain an enemy that has demonstrated an
ability to gather sensitive intelligence on its movements and respond quickly
with precision.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;On Oct. 15, a Houthi drone and missile attack targeted
Al-Maashiq Palace in Aden, the seat of power for Yemen&#39;s internationally
recognized government, killing and injuring several people including Saudi
officers, whose housing was hit by one of the missiles, some of the Saudi and
Yemeni officials briefed on the incident said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;On Wednesday, a Houthi missile attack targeted an airport
near the eastern port city of Mukalla shortly after Saudi military
reinforcements reached a base there, some officials said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&quot;The bigger picture is that the Houthis are
systematically targeting military reinforcements and redeployments across
Yemen, including newly arriving vehicles, ammunition shipments, troop
concentrations and gatherings at recruitment centers,&quot; said Mohammed
al-Basha, a Yemen expert who runs the U.S.-based Basha Report risk-advisory
company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;The government of
Saudi Arabia didn&#39;t respond to requests for comment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudi Arabia has
tried and failed to contain the Houthi threat on its southern border for more
than a decade. The kingdom intervened in Yemen&#39;s civil war in 2015 shortly
after the Houthis seized the capital, San&#39;a, but struck a ceasefire seven years
later after the Houthis hit Saudi cities and energy infrastructure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;The kingdom offered financial support to cover government
employees&#39; salaries in San&#39;a during several years of relative quiet, but
fighting resumed this summer and quickly escalated. The Houthis seized
territory along the Red Sea&#39;s Bab al-Mandeb chokepoint, threatening Saudi oil
exports, and repeatedly struck the international airport in Riyadh, leaving at
least 18 dead and choking off flights.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudi-backed forces launched a counterattack early this
month but have made little decisive progress. The Houthis, meanwhile, are
threatening the strategic city of Taiz and repeatedly attacking the seat of
government at Aden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudi Arabia will
need to either recruit more fighters on the ground or send in more of its own
forces into Yemen if it wants to mount a major offensive against the Houthis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;The militia&#39;s latest attacks show how bloody that fight
could get. The Houthis now employ far more sophisticated drones, missiles and
intelligence. And they are showing they can launch precise and well-timed
strikes inside and outside of Yemen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&quot;This is not
2015,&quot; said Fatima Abo Alasrar, a Yemen expert who writes at The Ideology
Machine project, which explores Mideast propaganda and authoritarian
governments. &quot;This is exponentially worse.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;The al-Alam camp
targeted by the Houthis sits at a strategic point in Yemen&#39;s Shabwah
governorate, a desert stretch known for being home to the divided country&#39;s oil
and natural gas fields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Houthi attacks
stopped energy exports in 2022, but the territory and its economic potential
remain crucial to the internationally recognized government&#39;s hold on its part
of the country as well as Houthi aspirations to conquer all of Yemen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Forces allied to
the United Arab Emirates, once a partner with Saudi Arabia against the Houthis
in the war, held the camp for years before the U.A.E. withdrew from the area in
2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;On Oct. 19,
hundreds of men who had enlisted into local security forces arrived at the site
for training after receiving promises they would be paid to show up, a Yemeni
official familiar with the incident said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Witnesses told
The Wall Street Journal that three ballistic missiles struck the base after
four battalions massed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;Saudi troops were standing ready for the training event
when the missiles struck, Yemeni and Saudi officials said. Some Saudis were
among those hurt, though officials wouldn&#39;t elaborate.“ [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;LT&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: LT;&quot;&gt;1. World News:
Houthi Strike On Troops Shows Saudi Challenges. al-Batati, Saleh; Said, Summer;
Gambrell, Jon.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 26 Oct
2026: A6.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/1415370215748323756/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/1415370215748323756' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1415370215748323756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1415370215748323756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/only-idiots-can-buy-traditional.html' title='Only Idiots Can Buy Traditional Military Gear Now. No Money for Defense Can Save You From Swarms of Precise Cheap Chinese Drones and Missiles: Houthi Strike On Troops Shows Saudi Challenges, After Spending a Lot'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-5073199371820617194</id><published>2026-10-25T21:02:41.583-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T21:02:41.583-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Dirbtinio intelekto technologijų kronika: kaip buvo pranašauta</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„AGI kronikos“ (angl. *The AGI Chronicles*). Autorius –
Kevin Roose. Leidykla „Farrar, Straus and Giroux“; 448 puslapiai; 33 JAV
doleriai. Leidykla „Simon &amp;amp; Schuster“; 25 svarai sterlingų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tam, kas nėra matęs dirbtinio intelekto (DI) pasaulio
Kalifornijos įlankos srityje (*Bay Area*), sunku paaiškinti, koks jis yra
visiškai keistas. Neseniai vykusioje konferencijoje „The Curve“ buvo
nagrinėjamos tokios temos kaip „Koks yra planas išlaikyti robotus savo
kontrolėje?“ bei „Neuralinė riba: kas nutinka, kai DI gali skaityti jūsų
mintis?“ Žmonės tinginiavo ant sofų ir pavėsinėse su šaltais gėrimais ir
kombučiomis, aptardami, kaip dirbtinio intelekto kompanijų darbuotojai,
nepadoriai praturtėję iš artėjančių viešų akcijų siūlymų, turėtų nukreipti savo
filantropines aukas – net kai kurie iš jų sąmokslavo sušlubuoti savo
darbdavius, kad atidėtų civilizacinius perversmus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Buvusio „New York Times“ reporterio Kevino Roose&#39;o tikslas
buvo ne parašyti didingą traktatą apie tai, ką dirbtinis intelektas reiškia
pasauliui, o tiesiog užfiksuoti šį keistumą, kol jis nepasimetė atminties
užgaidose, nykstančiose žinučių gijose ir pasenusiuose medijos saugojimo
formatuose. Knygoje „AGI kronikos“ jis daugiausia dėmesio skiria devyneriems
metams nuo tada, kai „Google“ tyrėjai sukūrė transformatorių – dirbtinio
intelekto modelį, kuriuo grindžiamas „ChatGPT“ ir visi kiti panašūs įrenginiai.
Greitai įsigalėjo mintis, kad turint pakankamai duomenų ir skaičiavimo galios,
transformatoriais pagrįstos sistemos galiausiai pasieks šventąjį gralį: tikrai
„bendrą“ dirbtinį intelektą (AGI), kuris prilygs žmonių protui, o vėliau jį
pranoks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ši doktrina nuo tada buvo dirbtinio intelekto tyrimų
varomoji jėga. Taigi, jos istorija Vakaruose daugiausia susiveda į susipynusius
saujelės genialių, dygliuotų žmonių likimus, kurie renka vis daugiau pinigų,
panikuoja kaskart, kai juos aplenkia konkurentai, ir apimti pykčio, kad įkurtų
savo įmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Apibendrinant, didelė istorijos dalis bus pažįstama. Tačiau
ponas Roose&#39;as beprotybę perteikia greitu stiliumi. Jo pasakojimas kupinas
apkalbų kupinų anekdotų, kurie pabrėžia, kaip ambicijos, ideologiniai skirtumai
ir asmenybių susidūrimai grupės, pakankamai mažos, kad tilptų poroje klasių,
suformavo tai, kas gali tapti svarbiausia technologija šiuolaikinėje
istorijoje. Kaip teigia ponas Roose&#39;as, dirbtinis dirbtinis intelektas yra
„užduotis, kuri, pusės mano šaltinių manymu, išgelbės pasaulį, o kita pusė manė,
kad jam padarys galą“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pavyzdžiui, Dario Amodei, kuris savo darbo „OpenAI“
pradžioje pasiūlė doktriną, kad daugiau duomenų ir daugiau skaičiavimo pajėgumų
reiškia daugiau intelekto. Galiausiai jis išėjo ir įkūrė „Anthropic“, iš dalies
todėl, kad manė, jog „OpenAI“ atsisako savo pirminio įsipareigojimo kurti
dirbtinį intelektą saugiai, o iš dalies todėl, kad manė, jog Gregas Brockmanas
„OpenAI“ prezidentas – pasak K. Roose’o, „priekabiautojas, svetimų nuopelnų
savininkas ir negailestingas kapitalistas“. Savo ruožtu B. Brockmanas manė, kad
D. Amodei yra „paranojikas, apsėstas noro viską kontroliuoti, kuris saugumo
klausimą pasitelkdavo kaip pretekstą ginčams laimėti“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ilgą laiką AGI (bendrasis dirbtinis intelektas) buvo
laikomas pagrindiniu prizu kovoje, kurioje laimėtojas gauna viską – o kartu ir
visą pasaulio valdžią. Tačiau artėjant prie šio tikslo, apibrėžimų ėmė daugėti
tiek, kad pats terminas prarado bet kokią prasmę. Kažkuriuo metu 2025-aisiais
K. Roose’as pastebėjo retorikos pokytį: paaiškėjo, kad jokios finišo linijos
nebus – tik nesibaigiančios „ginklavimosi varžybos“. Tuo metu kai kuriuos
tyrėjus jau gąsdino jų pačių sukurtų sistemų galia, tačiau „jie ir toliau
didino tempą, nes tiesiog nebežinojo, kaip elgtis kitaip“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tuo tarpu K. Roose’as provokuojančiai teigia, kad AGI iš
tiesų jau tyliai atsirado. Už kelis dolerius dabar galima gauti prieigą prie
intelekto, kuris vis geriau atlieka daugybę įvairių užduočių, o kai kurias –
tiesiog neįtikėtinai gerai; nors (kol kas) dar neprilygsta žmogui, tačiau jau
pasižymi gana plačiu universalumu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Galbūt būtent todėl konferencijoje „The Curve“ terminas
„AGI“ beveik nebuvo minimas. Vietoj to kalbėta apie „itin galingą DI“ (dirbtinį
intelektą) ir „pažangų superintelektą“. Pavadinimai ir tikslai keičiasi, tačiau
nesiliauja beatodairiškos lenktynės didinant skaičiavimo pajėgumus. Kartu su
jomis tęsiasi ir nedidelės žmonių grupės pastangos – žmonių, kurie, stebėdami
priešais juos gimstantį kūrinį, patiria tai pakylėjimą, tai siaubą.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Chronicle of a tech foretold. The Economist; London Vol.
461, Iss. 9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 86, 87.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/5073199371820617194/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/5073199371820617194' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5073199371820617194'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5073199371820617194'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/dirbtinio-intelekto-technologiju.html' title='Dirbtinio intelekto technologijų kronika: kaip buvo pranašauta'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-295908499404938452</id><published>2026-10-25T21:00:57.828-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T21:00:57.828-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Chronicle of an AI tech foretold</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“The AGI Chronicles. By Kevin Roose. Farrar, Straus and
Giroux; 448 pages; $33. Simon &amp;amp; Schuster; £25&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;To someone who has not witnessed the AI scene in
California’s Bay Area, it is hard to convey how utterly weird it is. The Curve,
a recent conference, hosted sessions including “What’s the plan for keeping
robots under control?” and “The Neural Frontier: what happens when AI can read
your mind?” People lounged on couches and in gazebos with cold brews and
kombuchas discussing how AI company staff made obscenely rich by forthcoming
public offerings should channel their philanthropic giving—even as some of them
conspired to hobble their own employers to delay civilisational upheaval.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The goal of Kevin Roose, a former reporter for the New York
Times, was not to write a grand treatise on what AI means for the world but
merely to record this weirdness before it was lost to the vagaries of memory,
disappearing message threads and obsolete media-storage formats. In “The AGI
Chronicles” his focus is the nine years since Google researchers developed the
transformer, the type of AI model that underlies ChatGPT and all its kin.
Quickly the idea took hold that, given enough data and computing power,
transformer-based systems would eventually attain the holy grail: a truly
“general” AI, or AGI , matching human smarts and then outstripping them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;That doctrine has been the driving force of AI research ever
since. And so its history in the West mostly boils down to the interwoven fates
of a handful of brilliant, prickly people raising ever more money, panicking
each time they get leapfrogged by rivals and splitting off in a blaze of
acrimony to start their own firms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In outline, much of the story will be familiar. But Mr Roose
captures the madness in a fast-paced style. His account is filled with gossipy
anecdotes that highlight just how much the ambitions, ideological divides and
personality clashes of a group small enough to fit in a couple of classrooms
have shaped what may turn out to be the most consequential technology in modern
history. As Mr Roose puts it, AGI is a “quest that half my sources thought was
going to save the world, and the other half thought was going to end it”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Consider Dario Amodei, who early in his tenure at OpenAI
proposed the doctrine that more data and more compute equals more intelligence.
He eventually left to form Anthropic, in part because he thought OpenAI was
reneging on its original commitment to build AI safely, and in part because he
considered Greg Brockman, OpenAI’s president, “a bully, a credit hog, and a
cut-throat capitalist”, in Mr Roose’s words. Mr Brockman, in turn, thought Mr
Amodei was a “paranoid control freak who used safety as a pretext to win
arguments”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;For years, AGI was seen as the prize in an all-or-nothing
contest to whose winner all power in the world would accrue. But as the goal
approached, definitions multiplied to the point where the term has lost all
meaning. At some point in 2025, Mr Roose noticed a shift in rhetoric. There
would never be a finish line, only an endless arms race. By then, some
researchers were starting to be terrified by their creations’ power—but “they
kept accelerating, because they had forgotten how to do anything else.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Meanwhile, Mr Roose provocatively argues that AGI has, in
fact, quietly arrived. A few dollars now buys you some time with an
intelligence that is tolerably good at a growing number of things and
extraordinary at a few; not human-level (yet), but already pretty general.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perhaps that is why hardly anybody mentioned “AGI” at The
Curve. The talk was of “extremely powerful AI” and “advanced
superintelligence”. The names and goalposts change, the relentless pursuit of
computing capability continues, and with it the efforts of a small group of
people, alternately elated and horrified at the creation taking shape before
them.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Chronicle of a tech foretold. The Economist; London Vol.
461, Iss. 9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 86, 87.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/295908499404938452/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/295908499404938452' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/295908499404938452'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/295908499404938452'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/chronicle-of-ai-tech-foretold.html' title='Chronicle of an AI tech foretold'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-3411244792841801664</id><published>2026-10-25T20:51:02.234-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T20:51:02.234-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Amerikos mokslas – vėl į laboratoriją?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Metai po Antrojo pasaulinio karo buvo palankūs Amerikos
mokslui. Šalies tyrėjai nuskraidino žmones į Mėnulį, sukūrė šiuolaikinį
kompiuterį ir vadovavo žmogaus genomo sekoskaitos nustatymo darbams. Vyriausybė
finansavo fundamentinius tyrimus akademinėse institucijose bei nacionalinėse
laboratorijose, o šios vėliau galėjo perduoti komerciškai perspektyvius
atradimus verslo įmonėms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dabar pasirodo ženklų, kad ši inovacijų mašina pradeda
strigti. Sistemos kritikai nerimauja, kad Amerikos mokslo infrastruktūra
skatina „grupinį mąstymą“ (angl. *groupthink*), nes didelę dalį fundamentiniams
tyrimams skiriamo finansavimo paskirsto vos keletas komitetų. Jie baiminasi,
kad universitetai nėra tinkamai pritaikyti tarpdisciplininiam darbui, kurio
reikalauja didelė dalis XXI a. mokslo. Be to, Amerika nebėra neginčijama mokslo
supervalstybė: Kinijos išlaidos moksliniams tyrimams ir eksperimentinei plėtrai
(MTTP), vertinant pagal perkamosios galios paritetą, jau susilygino su JAV
išlaidomis ir auga sparčiau. 2024 m. Kinija aplenkė Ameriką „Nature“ indekse
(*Nature Index*), kuriuo vertinamos publikacijos prestižiškiausiuose mokslo
žurnaluose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Mokslo mokslo“ (angl. *metascience*) – mokslo atradimų
procesą tiriančios srities – atstovai jau daugelį metų nurodo sistemos
trūkumus. Pastaruoju metu jie pradėjo savo idėjas įgyvendinti praktiškai.
Privačios institucijos, kurių daugelis įkurtos per pastaruosius penkerius
metus, teigia kuriančios mokslo ateitį. Amerikos inovacijų istorija leidžia
manyti, kad jos gali būti teisios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Privatus mokslas nėra naujiena. Daugelis įspūdingiausių XX
a. Amerikos atradimų gimė ne universitetų miesteliuose, o korporacijų tyrimų
centruose. „Bell Labs“ (bendrovės AT&amp;amp;T tyrimų padalinys), „Xerox PARC“
(kopijavimo aparatų gamintojos laboratorija) ir „IBM Research“ mokslininkai
sukūrė tokius stebuklus kaip tranzistorius, o už savo pasiekimus pelnė ne vieną
Nobelio premiją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vis dėlto, nepaisant sėkmės, privačioms laboratorijoms
nepavyko pateisinti savo išlaikymo kaštų. 2004 m. Jeilio universiteto
ekonomisto Williamo Nordhauso paskelbtame tyrime apskaičiuota, kad pokario
laikotarpiu visoje ekonomikoje tik 2,2 proc. iš inovacijų sukurtos vertės
atiteko įmonėms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Reaguodamos
į tai, bendrovės pakeitė savo požiūrį į MTTP per susijungimus ir įsigijimus“ –
perkant iš universitetų atskilusius startuolius, užuot finansavus nuosavas
laboratorijas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dėl to, kad korporacijos atsisako savo laboratorijų,
fundamentiniai tyrimai tapo daug labiau priklausomi nuo valstybės remiamų
iniciatyvų. Privačiojo mokslo sektoriaus šalininkų nuomone, tai apgailėtina.
Pasak Calebo Watney iš analitinio centro „Institute for Progress“, mokslo
finansavimo koncentracija reiškia, kad visuomenė gali pasinaudoti mažesniu
skaičiumi inovatyvių idėjų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pavyzdžiui, 2025 m. Masačusetso technologijos instituto
(MIT) atstovo Pierre’o Azoulay ir Harvardo medicinos mokyklos atstovo Wesley
Greenblatto atliktas tyrimas, apėmęs 100 000 paraiškų gauti Nacionalinių
sveikatos institutų (NIH) finansavimą, parodė, kad projektams, kuriuose taikyti
su vyraujančia nuomone nesutampantys metodai, buvo mažesnė tikimybė gauti
finansavimo pratęsimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Be to, finansavimo paieškos yra labai varginančios.
Remiantis viena apklausa, mokslininkai apie 44 proc. savo laiko skiria
administracinėms užduotims, pavyzdžiui, paraiškų ir ataskaitų rengimui.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Iliustruodami šias problemas, daugelis mini biologės Katalin
Karikó pavyzdį. Jos atlikti darbai tapo moksliniu pagrindu kuriant mRNR
vakcinas, pavyzdžiui, skirtas kovai su COVID-19. Dešimtmečius finansuotojai,
ypač NIH, atmesdavo jos paraiškas, laikydami jas pernelyg rizikingomis. Jai
pavyko likti moksle, tačiau, pasak Stuarto Bucko iš lobistinės grupės „Good
Science Project“, nedaugelis jos vietoje būtų taip pasielgę.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šie nuogąstavimai pasiekė ir įtakingus sprendimų priėmėjus.
Liepos 21 d. JAV vyriausybė paskelbė ataskaitą, kurioje teigiama, kad
universitetai neturėtų būti „vienintelė vieta, kur vykdomi patys inovatyviausi
Amerikos moksliniai tyrimai“. Vietoj to finansuojančiosios institucijos turėtų
veikti labiau kaip rizikos kapitalo fondai – investuoti į įvairias
institucijas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Savarankiškas mokslas&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Įgyvendinant šią iniciatyvą, Nacionalinis mokslo fondas
(NSF) ketina skirti 1,5 mlrd. JAV dolerių pirmajam „X-laboratorijų“ („X-labs“)
etapui. Tai naujos organizacijos, kurios „plėtoja proveržio mokslą už
tradicinių institucijų ribų“. Pasak Joso Harderio, Atstovų Rūmų nario demokrato
ir vieno iš įstatymo projekto iniciatorių, Kongrese svarstomas abiejų partijų
remiamas teisės aktas, pagal kurį panaši iniciatyva būtų sukurta ir NIH –
institucijoje, kurios biudžetas yra kur kas didesnis. Pagal kitus numatomus
pokyčius federalinės agentūros galėtų suteikti „auksinius bilietus“ neįprastiems
projektams, kurių komitetas niekada nepalaikytų, arba pradėti skirti ilgalaikį
finansavimą pavieniams asmenims, o ne projektams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tokios idėjos mokslininkams kelia nerimą dėl to, iš kur jos
kyla. Nors D. Trumpo administracija siekia paskatinti „naująjį aukso amžių“
Amerikos moksle, ji kartu nori sumažinti jo finansavimą. Baltųjų rūmų
pasiūlytame 2027 finansinių metų biudžete numatoma perpus sumažinti
Nacionalinio mokslo fondo (NSF) biudžetą. Baiminamasi, kad dėl mažesnio
finansavimo, kuris bus paskirstytas didesniam skaičiui institucijų, nukentės
universitetų laboratorijos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Michaelas Kratsiosas, Baltųjų rūmų mokslo politikos vadovas,
teigia „nesutinkantis su tokia prielaida“. Jis pažymi, kad administracija
pasiūlė padidinti bendras išlaidas moksliniams tyrimams ir plėtrai (MTTP), ypač
gynybos srityje. (Gynybos departamento programos paskatino inovacijas priemones,
pavyzdžiui, adrenalino autoinjektorius, vabzdžius atbaidančius purškalus ar
autonominius automobilius). Jis taip pat mano, kad finansinis rezultatas nėra
tinkamas kriterijus politikai vertinti. Pasak jo, už mokslą pasisakančios
grupės „yra kraštutinai susitelkusios į biudžetus“. „Akademinei bendruomenei
tiesiog reikia atsikratyti požiūrio, kad laimėjimas vienoje srityje būtinai
reiškia pralaimėjimą kitoje.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau, nepaisant tokių ginčų, jau vyksta daugybė privačių
mokslinių eksperimentų. Vienas ryškiausių pavyzdžių – Masačusetse įsikūrusi ne
pelno siekianti organizacija „Convergent Research“, įkurta 2021 m. siekiant
finansuoti „tikslines tyrimų organizacijas“ (angl. *focused research
organisations* – FRO). Pasak bendraįkūrėjų Anastasijos Gamick ir Adamo
Marblestone’o, finansavimą gaunantys tyrėjai dažniau siekia sukurti konkretų
įrankį, o ne atsakyti į grynai akademinį klausimą. „Convergent“ skiria tyrėjams
nuo 20 iki 50 mln. JAV dolerių ir suteikia nuo trejų iki septynerių metų
projektui įgyvendinti. Vėliau organizacijos darbuotojai padeda jiems nuspręsti,
ką daryti su gautais rezultatais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Viena iš tokių organizacijų kuria įrankių rinkinius, kuriuos
laboratorijos ir įmonės gali naudoti tirdamos organizmus, nepriklausančius
vadinamiesiems „modeliniams organizmams“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kita kuria sąsają, kuri, pasitelkdama ultragarso bangas,
nuskaito smegenų veiklą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dar vienas privačiojo mokslo pasaulio dalyvis – įmonė
„Episteme“, kurią 2025 m. įkūrė „OpenAI“ atstovas Samas Altmanas ir tuo metu
dar mažai žinomas tyrėjas Louisas Andre. Užuot kėlusi iš anksto nustatytus
tikslus ar reikalavusi publikacijų, „Episteme“ suteikia pagrindiniams tyrėjams
beveik visišką laisvę. Nors finansuojami mokslininkai dažniausiai jau turi
numatę problemos sprendimo būdą, „Episteme“ suteikia jiems lankstumo keisti
kryptį. „Jei idėja nepasiteisina – o moksle taip nutinka labai dažnai – tyrėjas
turi turėti galimybę pakeisti kursą ir pabandyti pažvelgti iš kitos pusės“, –
teigia L. Andre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Toks požiūris yra patrauklus. Fizikas Charlesas Marcusas
pasakoja, kad paliko nuolatinį dėstytojo postą Vašingtono universitete ir
perėjo į „Episteme“, nes tikėjosi, kad čia galės dirbti tarpdiscipliniškai,
nereikalaudamas leidimų iš nelanksčių biurokratų. „Mes nekuriame akademinių
padalinių, kuriuose niekas tarpusavyje nesikalba“, – sako jis. Be to, jam ir
kitiems laboratorijų vadovams nereikės teikti paraiškų dotacijoms gauti ar
mėnesių mėnesius laukti leidimo įdarbinti jaunesniuosius tyrėjus. Nors mokslinių
straipsnių publikavimas yra skatinamas, jis nėra privalomas. Pagrindinis
reikalavimas jų veiklai – ji turi atverti komercines galimybes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Daugelis svarbių klausimų lieka už šių rėmų ir turi būti
nagrinėjami universitetuose. Be to, ne visi bandymai plėtoti privatų mokslą
buvo sėkmingi. 2023 m. įkurtas privatus biomedicinos institutas „Arena
BioWorks“ nutraukė veiklą nepraėjus nė dvejiems metams. Tačiau, skirtingai nei
„Arena“ atveju, kurios investuotojai, kaip teigiama, tikėjosi greitos grąžos,
A. Andre teigia, kad jo rėmėjai – finansuojantys „Episteme“ iš asmeninių lėšų –
yra nusiteikę ilgalaikiam bendradarbiavimui. Be to, „Episteme“, kitaip nei
„Arena“, neorientuoja visų pastangų į vieną konkrečią tyrimų sritį. „Jei kuri
nors programa nepasiteisina – nieko baisaus. Galime ją pertvarkyti, o išteklius
nukreipti kitur“, – sako jis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pasak A. Marblestone’o, dėl federalinės paramos,
nepriklausomų eksperimentų ir artėjančio dirbtinio intelekto skatinamų
investicijų srauto privačioms mokslo iniciatyvoms susiklostė itin palankios
aplinkybės. Mokslo ir technologijų istorikai teigia, kad pokario sistema
įtvirtino Amerikos hegemoniją. Statant už privatų mokslą, rizika yra didelė –
tiek patiems mokslininkams, tiek visai Amerikai.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Back to the bench. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 79, 80.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/3411244792841801664/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/3411244792841801664' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3411244792841801664'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3411244792841801664'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/amerikos-mokslas-vel-i-laboratorija.html' title='Amerikos mokslas – vėl į laboratoriją?'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8742934460671989087</id><published>2026-10-25T20:47:18.869-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T20:47:18.869-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Back to the bench for American science</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“THE YEARS since the second world war have been good to
American science. The country’s researchers sent men to the moon, invented the
modern computer and led the sequencing of the human genome. Its government
funded basic research in academia and national labs, which could then pass on
findings with commercial promise to firms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Now there
are signs the innovation machine is breaking down. The system’s critics fret
that America’s scientific infrastructure encourages groupthink, since a small
number of committees distribute a large share of funding for basic research.
They worry that universities are ill-suited to the interdisciplinary work that
much of 21st-century science requires. And America is no longer an undisputed
scientific superpower: China’s research and development (R&amp;amp;D) spending has
caught up with Uncle Sam’s in purchasing-power terms, and is growing faster. In
2024 China overtook America in the Nature Index, a measure of publications in
the most prestigious scientific journals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Advocates of
“metascience”, the study of scientific discovery, have spent years pointing out
the foibles of the system. Lately they have been putting their ideas into
practice. Private institutions, many of which were founded within the past five
years, say they are building the future of science. The history of American
innovation suggests they may be right.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Private science is nothing new. Many of the most exciting
American discoveries of the 20th century were not dreamt up on university
campuses, but within corporate research institutes. Scientists at Bell Labs
(the research arm of AT&amp;amp;T), Xerox PARC (the copy-machine maker’s lab) and
IBM Research came up with such marvels as the transistor, and won a handful of
Nobel prizes in so doing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Yet for all their successes, private labs failed to justify
their upkeep. A paper published in 2004 by William Nordhaus, an economist at
Yale University, estimated that, in the post-war period and across the whole
economy, just 2.2% of value from innovation flowed to firms. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In response,
companies transitioned to “R&amp;amp;D by M&amp;amp;A,” buying startups spun out from
universities rather than funding their own labs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Corporate labs’ retreat led basic research to become much
more reliant on government-backed efforts. In the view of private-science
advocates, that is lamentable. The concentration of science funding means fewer
innovative ideas can benefit society at large, says Caleb Watney of the
Institute for Progress, a think-tank. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;To wit, a
study of 100,000 National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications,
conducted in 2025 by Pierre Azoulay of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and Wesley Greenblatt of Harvard Medical School, found that projects
which took out-of-consensus approaches were less likely to have their funding
renewed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;And seeking
funding is onerous. According to one survey, researchers spend about 44% of
their time doing administrative tasks like writing proposals and reports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;To
illustrate these issues, many cite the example of Katalin Kariko, a biologist
whose work provided much of the science underpinning mRNA vaccines, such as
those for covid-19. For decades funders, notably the NIH, rejected her
proposals, considering them too risky. She happened to stay in science, but not
many in her position would have, says Stuart Buck of the Good Science Project,
a lobby group.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Such
concerns have made their way from metascientists’ lips to powerful ears. On
July 21st the American government released a report arguing that universities
should not be “the only home of America’s most innovative scientific research”.
Instead, funding agencies should act more like venture capitalists, betting on
a wide variety of institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sovereign science&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As part of
this push, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is to allocate $1.5bn to a
first round of “X-labs”, new organisations that “advance breakthrough science
outside of traditional institutions”. A bipartisan bill in Congress would
create a similar initiative at the NIH, which has a much larger budget, notes
Josh Harder, a Democratic representative and one of the bill’s sponsors. Other
changes would see federal agencies offer “golden tickets” to oddball projects
that a committee would never back, or begin to give long-term money to
individuals rather than projects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Such ideas have discomfited scientists because of their
source. As it attempts to spark “a new golden age” for American science, the
Trump administration wants to fund it less. The White House’s proposed budget
for fiscal year 2027 suggests halving the NSF’s budget. The worry is that the
combination of less funding spread across more institutions will lead to
university labs losing out.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Michael Kratsios, the White House science czar, says he
“disagrees with that premise”. He notes that the administration has suggested
boosting overall R&amp;amp;D spending, particularly in defence. (Defence-department
programmes have spurred innovations such as epipens, bug spray and self-driving
cars.) Nor does he think the bottom line is the right way to measure policy.
Science advocacy groups “have this extreme fixation on budgets”, he says.
“Academia just needs to get out of this zero-sum mindset.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But separately from such squabbling, many private science
experiments have already begun. One of the most notable of these is Convergent
Research, a Massachusetts-based nonprofit founded in 2021 to fund “focused
research organisations” (FROs). Its grantees often want to create a specific
tool rather than answer a purely academic question, say co-founders Anastasia
Gamick and Adam Marblestone. Convergent gives researchers $20m-50m and between
three and seven years to carry out their project. Afterwards, its staff will
help them decide what to do with the results. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;One FRO
creates sets of tools that labs and companies can use to study non-model
organisms. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Another
produces an interface that uses ultrasound waves to read brain activity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Another entrant to the world of private science is Episteme,
a company launched in 2025 by Sam Altman of OpenAI and Louis Andre, then a
little-known researcher. Rather than demanding pre-set targets or papers,
Episteme hopes to give its lead researchers near-total freedom. While the
select few it funds often have an approach in mind to solving their chosen
problem, Episteme offers them the flexibility to adapt. “If an idea fails,
which in science is something that happens very often, you should be able to
pivot and try a different angle,” says Mr Andre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The approach is an appealing one. Charles Marcus, a
physicist, says he left a tenured position at the University of Washington to
work at Episteme because he felt it would enable him to work across disciplines
without needing approval from staid bureaucrats. “We’re not building academic
departments in which nobody talks to each other,” he says. Nor will he and
other lab leads need to apply for grants or wait for months to hire junior
researchers. And while publishing papers is encouraged, it is not mandated. The
main constraint on their work is that it should represent a commercial
opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Many important questions fall outside that scope and will
have to remain within universities. And besides, not every attempt at private
science has flourished. Arena BioWorks, a private biomedical institute founded
in 2023, shut down after less than two years. But whereas Arena’s funders
reportedly expected quick payouts, Mr Andre says his backers, who have funded
Episteme from their personal fortunes, are committed for the long haul. And
Episteme, unlike Arena, is not betting on one specific area of research,
either. “If a programme fails, it’s okay. We can recycle it and repurpose the
resources into something else,” he reckons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Between federal support, independent experiments and a
coming wave of AI-fuelled cash, private-science initiatives are “seeing the
stars align,” says Mr Marble-stone. Historians of science and technology argue
the post-war system cemented American hegemony. In the bet on private science
the stakes are high, both for boffins and for America.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Back to the bench. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 79, 80.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8742934460671989087/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8742934460671989087' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8742934460671989087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8742934460671989087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/back-to-bench-for-american-science.html' title='Back to the bench for American science'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-1233364480576619630</id><published>2026-10-25T20:31:34.967-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T20:31:34.968-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Susisiekite su mano agentu</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Silicio slėnis jau seniai svajoja sukurti skaitmeninį
asistentą, kuris būtų pakankamai pajėgus išvaduoti vartotojus nuo daugybės
varginančių asmeninių užduočių, ryjančių laiką ir dėmesį. Išgalvoti pavyzdžiai,
pavyzdžiui, J.A.R.V.I.S. (angl. *Just a Rather Very Intelligent System* –
tiesiog gana labai protinga sistema) iš filmų apie „Geležinį žmogų“, suformavo
itin aukštus lūkesčius. 2010 m. „iPhone“ gamintoja „Apple“ įsigijo „Siri“ –
vieną iš tokių pagalbininkų. Tačiau paaiškėjo, kad ji – nuviliančiai kvaila.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dabar, vykstant didžiulei investicijų į dirbtinį intelektą
bangai, galbūt pagaliau atėjo asmeninių DI agentų era. Per pastaruosius du
mėnesius socialinių tinklų milžinė „Meta“ ir startuolis „Instinct“ pristatė du
tokius robotus, sulaukusius didelio atgarsio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Instinct“ asistentai, su kuriais vartotojai gali susisiekti
per „Apple“ paslaugą „iMessage“ arba „Meta“ priklausančią „WhatsApp“, jau dabar
atlieka registraciją į skrydžius, ieško bilietų į išparduotus koncertus,
organizuoja vakarienes su draugais ir atlieka daugybę kitų užduočių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Meta“ sukurtas „Muse“ pasižymi panašiomis galimybėmis; jį
galima pasiekti per „WhatsApp“, interneto naršyklę, mobiliąją programėlę, o nuo
šių metų pabaigos – ir per „Meta“ išmaniuosius akinius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pasak investuotojo ir tinklaraštininko M. G. Sieglerio,
esminis skirtumas, lyginant su ankstesnės kartos skaitmeniniais asistentais,
yra tas, kad šie naujieji robotai gali veikti proaktyviai, o ne tik reaguoti į
konkrečius vartotojų prašymus. „Instinct“ „veikia būtent taip, kaip, mano
manymu, visi norėtume, kad veiktų dirbtinis intelektas“, – teigia 24-erių metų
startuolio įkūrėjas Noah Shinnas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Susidomėjimas sparčiai auga – tiek, kad N. Shinnas
prognozuoja: „Po kelerių metų kiekvienas pasaulio vartotojas, turintis
interneto ryšį, galės naudotis tokiu produktu kaip „Instinct“.“ Tačiau iki tol
asmeninius agentus kuriančios įmonės turės įveikti įvairias kliūtis, kad jos
būtų plačiau pritaikytos, įskaitant susirūpinimą dėl saugumo ir patikimumo bei
kai kurių didelių įmonių nenorą leisti įrankiams sąveikauti su jų sistemomis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Instinct“ ir „Meta“ taikė labai skirtingus vartotojų
pritraukimo metodus, tačiau abu jie buvo labai sėkmingi. „Instinct“ atveju
vartotojus turi pakviesti draugas arba jie turi būti asmeniškai atrinkti iš
laukiančiųjų sąrašo. Nepaisant to, vartotojų skaičius kasdien auga apie 10 %.
Paprastumas juos verčia grįžti: maždaug pusė žmonių, užsiregistravusių
„Instinct“, ir toliau naudojasi ja bent kartą per savaitę po pirmojo mėnesio,
teigia startuolis. Pateikti nurodymus „Instinct“ agentams yra taip paprasta,
kaip parašyti trumpą tekstą; tada jie atsakys su atnaujinimais apie savo
pažangą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jei „Instinct“ yra privatus vakarėlis, vykstantis už
aksominės virvės, tai „Muse“ yra atviras renginys, kuriame gali dalyvauti visi
(tol, kol gyvena Amerikoje ar Kanadoje).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Remiantis visais duomenimis, vakarėlis vyksta visu pajėgumu,
o žmonės taip pat ilgai laukia. Duomenų teikėjos „Sensor Tower“ duomenimis, nuo
„Muse“ programėlės debiuto prieš kiek daugiau nei mėnesį ją atsisiuntė daugiau
nei 10 mln. žmonių. „ChatGPT“, populiarus „OpenAI“ pokalbių robotas, sukėlęs
dirbtinio intelekto bumą, per tą patį laikotarpį po jos išleidimo, maždaug po
šešių mėnesių nuo internetinės versijos pristatymo, mobilioji programėlė buvo
atsisiųsta tik 3,7 mln. kartų. „Muse“ išlaiko vartotojus maždaug tokiu pat
greičiu kaip ir „ChatGPT“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau įtikinti vakarėlio lankytojus atskleisti savo
duomenis ne visada lengva. Asmeniniams agentams reikia asmeninės informacijos,
kad galėtų išnaudoti savo potencialą: be prieigos prie kalendoriaus ar
kreditinės kortelės jie tėra tik išaukštintas pokalbių robotas. Kai kurie
technologijų pasaulio atstovai baiminasi, kad robotai paliks vartotojus
pažeidžiamus naujų grėsmių, tokių kaip greitos injekcijos, kai užpuolikas
slapta perduoda tekstą dirbtiniam intelektui per svetainės kompiuterio kodą ir
apgaule priverčia jį netinkamai elgtis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Atrodo, kad įmonės į šiuos rūpesčius žiūri rimtai. „Meta“
kiekvienam „Muse“ vartotojui priskiria privatų serverį, kuriame saugomi jų
duomenys ir valdomas asistentas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ji taip pat išmokė „Muse“ įvairių būdų, kaip apsisaugoti nuo
„užklausų įterpimo“ (angl. *prompt injection*), nors kai kurie saugumo tyrėjai
mano, kad sistema vis dar pažeidžiama kenkėjiškų nurodymų atžvilgiu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Instinct“ apie savo taikomas kibernetinio saugumo priemones
viešai skelbia mažiau, tačiau, pasak p. Shinno, paslauga sukurta remiantis
principu, kad naudotojai „visada turi išlaikyti savo duomenų kontrolę“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Be to, nerimą kelia tai, kad asmeniniai agentai dėl
paprasčiausio kvailumo gali pridaryti daug žalos. „Meta“ pripažino, kad „Muse“
darys klaidų, todėl įdiegė įvairių apsaugos mechanizmų, skirtų galimai žalai
sumažinti. Vis dėlto kai kurie naudotojai gali nenorėti patikėti savo kredito
kortelės duomenų, kol nebus tikri, kad jų agentas su jais elgsis atsakingai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Atrodo, kad ilgesnis naudojimasis paslauga padeda sukurti
tokį pasitikėjimą. Maždaug 40 proc. „Instinct“ naudotojų per tris savaites
susieja savo kredito kortelę. „Instinct“ ir „Meta“ taip pat bendradarbiauja su
mokėjimų bendrove „Stripe“ ir siūlo skaitmeninę piniginę, leidžiančią
naudotojams atlikti pirkimus tiesiogiai neatskleidžiant savo bankinių duomenų –
tai kai kuriems gali suteikti daugiau ramybės.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kitas didelis iššūkis botų kūrėjams – įtikinti kitus verslus
priimti jų agentus. Kai kurie verslai tai daro noriai. „Shopify“ – elektroninės
prekybos programinės įrangos platforma – stengiasi sudaryti palankesnes sąlygas
„Instinct“ ir „Muse“ atlikti pirkimus iš jos prekybininkų tinklo. „Meta“ taip
pat pastebėta bendradarbiaujant su „Walmart“ – didžiausiu mažmeninės prekybos
tinklu Amerikoje; „Instacart“ – maisto prekių pristatymo paslauga; bei
„Expedia“ – kelionių užsakymo svetaine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau kitos įmonės nėra įsitikinusios. Pavyzdžiui, „Amazon“
šiuo metu yra neprieinama nei „Instinct“, nei „Muse“. Šis elektroninės prekybos
milžinas didelę dalį pelno gauna rodydamas vartotojams reklamą, todėl šiuo metu
jam nelabai reikia papildomo srauto, kurį galėtų nukreipti asmeniniai agentai.
„Amazon“ taip pat skundėsi, kad „Meta“ neįspėjo jos apie „Muse“ pristatymą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kai kurie Silicio slėnio vadovai teigia, kad, prieš
atverdami savo sistemas asmeniniams agentams, nori palaukti ir pamatyti, kaip
ši technologija vystysis. Tuo tarpu botų kūrėjai aktyviai bando juos sudominti.
P. Shinnas pateikia restoranų rezervavimo platformų pavyzdį: kai kurias iš jų
„Instinct“ pavyko patraukti į savo pusę įsipareigojus neleisti savo agentams
atlikti daugybės rezervacijų, kurios vėliau visos, išskyrus vieną, būtų
atšauktos. Netgi „Amazon“ vadovas Andy Jassy, ​​regis, neatmeta galimybių
ateityje – anksčiau jis yra sakęs, kad „labai tikisi“, jog galiausiai pavyks
pasiekti sąžiningą susitarimą, leisiantį agentams naudotis „Amazon“ prekyviete.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tokie susitarimai bus būtini, jei asmeniniai agentai taps
perspektyviu verslu. M. Zuckerbergas teigė, kad, jo vizija, „Muse“ pajamas
generuos derindama prenumeratos mokesčius ir dalį nuo sandorių, kuriuos ji
padės įgyvendinti. P. Shinnas prognozuoja, kad ilgainiui didžioji dalis
internetinių išlaidų bus atliekama per asmeninius agentus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kol kas neaišku, kuriam botų kūrėjui pavyks užimti
didžiausią šio verslo dalį. „Instinct“ iki šiol yra pritraukusi 1,4 mlrd. JAV
dolerių investicijų. Tai solidi suma vienerių metų senumo startuoliui, tačiau,
palyginti su „Meta“ turimais ištekliais – tik lašas jūroje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„OpenAI“ ir „Google“ (kuri kuria „Gemini“ modelius) taip pat
siūlo savo asmeninius agentus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nors šiuo metu jie labiau orientuoti į verslo, o ne į
privačių vartotojų segmentą, jų taikymo sritis gali plėstis. „Airbnb“ –
trumpalaikės nuomos platforma, siekianti tapti vieno langelio principu
veikiančia paslaugų vieta įvairiausioms patirtims, – taip pat pranešė, kad
kitais metais planuoja pristatyti asmeninį agentą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Be to, yra „Apple“, kuri birželį atliko didelį „Siri“
atnaujinimą. Naujasis botas yra kiek sumanesnis, tačiau jam trūksta daugelio
autonominių galimybių, būdingų agentams, kurie šiuo metu pelno vartotojų
palankumą. Galbūt, „iPhone“ gamintojui vertėtų apsvarstyti galimybę susisiekti
su „Instinct“?” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Call my agent. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 69, 70.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/1233364480576619630/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/1233364480576619630' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1233364480576619630'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1233364480576619630'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/susisiekite-su-mano-agentu.html' title='Susisiekite su mano agentu'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-2413583035384399140</id><published>2026-10-25T20:28:31.724-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T20:28:31.725-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Call my agent</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Silicon Valley has long dreamed of building a digital
assistant capable enough to rid users of many of the tedious personal tasks
that gobble up time and attention. Fictional representations, such as
J.A.R.V.I.S. (Just a Rather Very Intelligent System) in the “Iron Man” films,
set expectations high. In 2010 Apple, the iPhone-maker, acquired Siri, one such
aide. It turned out to be disappointingly moronic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Now, amid the current wave of investment in artificial
intelligence, the era of personal AI agents may at last have arrived. In the
past two months Meta, a social-media giant, and Instinct, a startup, have
released two such bots to great fanfare. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Instinct’s
assistants, which users contact through Apple’s iMessage service or Meta’s
WhatsApp, are already checking users into flights, sourcing sold-out concert
tickets and arranging dinners with friends, among much else. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Muse, Meta’s
offering, has similar powers, but can be reached via WhatsApp, a web browser, a
mobile app—or, from later this year, Meta’s smart glasses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The big
shift from earlier generations of digital assistants, explains M.G. Siegler, an
investor and blogger, is that these new bots can work proactively, rather than
reacting only to what users explicitly ask for. Instinct “really just works in
the way I believe we all want AI to act”, says Noah Shinn, the startup’s
24-year-old founder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Uptake is soaring, so much so that Mr Shinn reckons “in a
few years every user in the world that has an internet connection is going to
have access to a product like Instinct.” Before then, however, the companies
developing personal agents will have to overcome a variety of hurdles to more
widespread adoption, including concerns over security and reliability and the
reluctance of some big businesses to allow the tools to interact with their
systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Instinct and
Meta have pursued very different approaches to attracting users, but both have
been wildly successful. In Instinct’s case, users must be invited by a friend
or hand-picked from a waitlist. Even so, the number of users has been growing
by about 10% daily. Simplicity keeps them coming back: around half of people
who have signed up to Instinct continue using it at least once a week after the
first month, according to the startup. Giving Instinct’s agents an instruction
is as simple as writing a short text; they will then reply with updates on
their progress.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;If Instinct
is the private party taking place behind a velvet rope, Muse is the open-invite
rave anyone can partake in (so long as they live in America or Canada).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;By all accounts, the
party is heaving—and people are lingering, too. More than 10m people have
downloaded the Muse app since its debut a little over a month ago, according to
Sensor Tower, a data provider. ChatGPT, the hit chatbot from OpenAI that
precipitated the AI boom, had only 3.7m downloads of its mobile app in the same
timeframe after its release, around six months after the web version was first
unveiled. Muse is retaining users at about the same rates as ChatGPT, too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Persuading
partygoers to expose their data, however, is not always easy. Personal agents
need private information to reach their potential: without access to a calendar
or a credit card they are little more than a glorified chatbot. Some in
techland fear that the bots will leave users vulnerable to new threats such as
prompt injections, where an attacker sneaks text to an AI through a website’s
computer code and deceives it into misbehaving.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The
companies seem to be taking these concerns seriously. Meta assigns a private
server for each Muse user to hold their data and operate their assistant. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;It has also
taught Muse various ways to resist prompt injections, though some security
researchers reckon it remains susceptible to malicious instructions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Instinct has
revealed less to the public about its cyber-security measures, but Mr Shinn
says the service is designed around the principle that users “should always be
in control of their data”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;On top of that are concerns that personal agents could wreak
havoc out of sheer stupidity. Meta has admitted that Muse will make mistakes,
and has put a number of guardrails in place to minimise the potential damage
when it does. Even so, some users may balk at handing over their credit-card
details until they are confident their agent will handle them wisely.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Prolonged
exposure appears to build that trust. About 40% of Instinct users link a credit
card within three weeks. Instinct and Meta also work with Stripe, a payments
company, to offer a digital wallet that allows users to make purchases without
handing over their banking details directly, which may reassure some.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The other
big challenge for bot-builders is to persuade other businesses to welcome their
agents. Some appear happy to do so. Shopify, a software platform for e-commerce
businesses, is working to make it easier for Instinct and Muse to buy from its
network of vendors. Meta is also working with Walmart, America’s biggest
retailer; Instacart, a grocery-delivery service; and Expedia, a travel-booking
site.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But other companies are unconvinced. Amazon, for instance,
is currently off limits to both Instinct and Muse. The e-emporium generates a
good chunk of its profit from showing users ads, and currently has little need
for the extra traffic that might come its way via personal agents. Amazon has
also complained that Meta failed to give it a heads-up about Muse’s release.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Some Silicon Valley bosses say that they are waiting to see
how the technology develops before opening their systems to personal agents. In
the meantime, the bot-builders are busily courting them. Mr Shinn gives the
example of restaurant-booking platforms, some of which Instinct has won over by
agreeing to prevent its agents from booking vast numbers of reservations, only
to cancel all but one. Even Andy Jassy, Amazon’s boss, appears to be keeping an
open mind about the future, saying previously that he is “very hopeful” a fair
deal will eventually be reached that allows agents to use its marketplace.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Such agreements will be necessary if personal agents are to
become a viable business. Mr Zuckerberg has said that he envisages Muse will
earn its keep from a combination of subscriptions and a cut of the transactions
it facilitates. Mr Shinn reckons that most online spending will eventually flow
through personal agents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Which bot-builder wins the biggest share of that business is
still up for grabs. Instinct has raised $1.4bn to date. That is a tidy sum for
a one-year-old startup, but a pittance compared to what Meta has at its
disposal. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;OpenAI and
Google, maker of the Gemini models, both offer their own personal agents. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Although these are currently pitched more for business than
consumer use, they could expand their focus. Airbnb, a short-term rental
platform that wants to make itself into a one-stop-shop for all manner of
experiences, has also said that it plans to launch a personal agent next year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Then there is Apple, which in June gave Siri a big makeover.
The new bot is less of a clod, but it lacks most of the autonomous capabilities
of the agents now winning over consumers. Perhaps the iPhone-maker should
consider messaging Instinct.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Call my agent. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9522,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 24, 2026): 69, 70.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/2413583035384399140/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/2413583035384399140' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2413583035384399140'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2413583035384399140'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/call-my-agent.html' title='Call my agent'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-97543229127027100</id><published>2026-10-25T19:58:21.831-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T19:58:21.832-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Dirbtinio intelekto sukurta fantastiška gyvybė</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Prieš dvidešimt metų žurnalas „The Economist“ paskelbė
straipsnį apie gamyklą, galinčią kurti drakonus. Tai buvo pokštas, skirtas
balandžio 1-ajai, paremtas idėja, kad gyvas ląsteles galima tiksliai
sumodeliuoti kompiuteriuose. Tuo metu ši idėja tebuvo fantazija. Tačiau per
pastaruosius dešimtmečius suklestėjęs dirbtinis intelektas priartino ją prie
realybės. Pažangos ženklas pasirodė spalio 7 d., kai iniciatyva „Virtual
Biology Initiative“ (VBI) – projektas, skirtas duomenims, reikalingiems
ląstelių elgsenos ir pokyčių prognozavimo modeliams kurti, rinkti – pranešė,
kad nuo balandžio mėnesio, kai buvo pradėta veikla, gavo įsipareigojimų dėl 800
mln. JAV dolerių finansavimo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;VBI tikslai susiję su medicina. Prognozavimo modeliai leis
tyrėjams kurti veiksmingesnius vaistus, kurie turės didesnę tikimybę sėkmingai
įveikti klinikinius tyrimus. Be to, jei tai pavyks, ateities modeliai galėtų
būti naudojami kuriant modifikuotas esamų organizmų versijas – pavyzdžiui,
žemės ūkio augalų, – o galbūt ilgainiui – ir visiškai naujus gyvus organizmus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Biologijos pertvarkymas&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Technologija, dėl kurios tokia pažanga tapo įmanoma, yra
gilusis mokymasis (angl. *deep learning*), kai dideli neuroniniai tinklai
mokomi spręsti sudėtingas problemas. Būtent šis metodas yra pagrindas
vadinamiesiems pamatiniams modeliams (*foundation models*), kuriais remiasi
pokalbių robotai, platinami tokių įmonių kaip „Anthropic“, „Google“ ir
„OpenAI“. Šiems modeliams ilgos molekulinės grandinės, sudarančios biologijos
pagrindą (nukleorūgštys ir baltymai), niekuo nesiskiria nuo žodžių sekų žmonių
tekstuose. Tad idėja pritaikyti pamatinius modelius biologijai buvo visiškai
logiška. Ir ji pasirodė esanti itin vaisinga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pasak Adriano Woolfsono, San Diege įsikūrusio
biotechnologijų startuolio „Genyro“ verslo strategijos vadovo: „Biologija dabar
yra apskaičiuojama, nuspėjama, o vadinasi – ir projektuojama.“ Jį taip pat
galima pritaikyti konkrečioms užduotims. Pavyzdžiui, „Evo 2“ – bazinis modelis,
kurį iš dalies sukūrė Brianas Hie iš Palo Alto mieste įsikūrusio „Arc
Institute“, – gali analizuoti iki 1 mln. bazinių porų ilgio DNR atkarpas (tai
atitinka nedidelio bakterijos genomo dydį). Nagrinėdamas cheminių bazių,
sudarančių šios molekulės dvigubąją spiralę, išsidėstymo tvarką, modelis gali
prognozuoti, kaip šios tvarkos pokyčiai paveiktų organizmą, kuriam priklauso ši
DNR. Tai įmanoma todėl, kad modelis buvo apmokytas naudojant DNR sekas,
surinktas iš daugiau nei 100 000 rūšių – panašiai kaip pokalbių robotai (angl.
*chatbots*) mokomi naudojant tekstinius duomenis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sausio mėnesį dr. Woolfsono moksliniai partneriai Kaihangas
Wangas ir Noah Robinsonas iš Kalifornijos technologijos instituto pristatė
pasauliui itin tikslią ir efektyvią DNR surinkimo sistemą, pavadintą
„Sidewinder“. „Sidewinder“ gali labai tiksliai sujungti ilgas DNR atkarpas
(šiuo metu – iki 12 500 bazinių porų). To pakanka, kad būtų galima susintetinti
nedidelių virusų genomus. Be to, ši sistema palengvina dar ilgesnių DNR sekų,
pavyzdžiui, bakterijų genomų ar nedidelių dirbtinių chromosomų, kūrimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Naudodama „Evo 2“ (dr. Hie yra vienas iš įmonės „Genyro“
įkūrėjų), bendrovė dabar turi priemones, leidžiančias dr. Woolfsonui pereiti
nuo žodžių prie realių darbų. Jis tikisi tai įgyvendinti, be kita ko,
susintetindamas dirbtinę kviečių chromosomą, kurioje būtų genų, suteikiančių
augalui atsparumą karščiui ir sausrai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Evo 2“ tikrai nėra vienintelis tokio pobūdžio bazinis
genomikos modelis. „DeepMind“ – „Google“ dirbtinio intelekto laboratorija –
sukūrė modelį, vadinamą „AlphaGenome“. Jis yra labiau specializuotas nei „Evo
2“. „AlphaGenome“ buvo apmokytas beveik vien tik naudojant žmogaus genomus; tą
patį galima pasakyti ir apie „Genos“ – modelį, kurį sukūrė „BGI Research“
(Šendženas, Kinija).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Taip pat egzistuoja giliojo mokymosi modeliai, skirti tirti
konkrečias ne žmonių rūšių grupes. Tokiu būdu analizuojami augalai, grybai,
bakterijos, virusai ir stuburiniai gyvūnai. Kita vertus, Londono įmonė
„Basecamp Research“ veikia plačiau: jos modelis apmokytas naudojant mėginius,
kuriais siekiama apimti visą įmanomą DNR įvairovę. pavyzdžiui, vandens mėginyje
iš tam tikros vietos – siekiant ištirti (ir galiausiai sukurti naujų
antibiotikų) cheminį karą, vykstantį tarp jame esančių mikrobų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ir tai – tik genomika.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Įvairūs giliojo mokymosi modeliai gali būti taikomi ir
kitoms biologinėms molekulėms, ypač baltymams. Jie geba nustatyti, kaip
natūralūs baltymai – ilgos cheminių jungčių, vadinamų aminorūgštimis, grandinės
– susilanksto į erdvinę struktūrą; tai itin svarbu norint suprasti, kaip jie
veikia. Šie modeliai taip pat gali prognozuoti, kokį poveikį turės tam tikrų
aminorūgščių pakeitimas, ir netgi sukurti baltymus nuo nulio, turint omenyje
konkrečius tikslus – pradedant veiksmingesniais priešnuodžiais gyvačių nuodams
ir baigiant specialiai pritaikytais fermentais naujoms cheminėms reakcijoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepMind“ taip pat yra sukūrusi vieną iš tokių modelių –
„AlphaFold 3“. Jos atskira įmonė „Isomorphic Labs“, kurios ambicingas tikslas –
„įveikti visas ligas“, planuoja naudoti tiek šį modelį, tiek „AlphaGenome“
kurdama vaistus kartu su trimis stambiomis, seniai veikiančiomis farmacijos
bendrovėmis: „Novartis“, „Eli Lilly“ ir „Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson“. Farmacijos
įmonės nurodys taikinius, o „Isomorphic“ pasitelks dirbtinį intelektą, kad
pasiūlytų potencialius vaistų kandidatus. Tuomet farmacijos bendrovės šiuos pasiūlymus
išbandys eksperimentiškai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kitos didelės farmacijos įmonės panašius darbus, susijusius
su dirbtiniu intelektu, atlieka savo viduje. „Roche“, „Novo“, „GSK“ ir
„AstraZeneca“ arba pačios valdo superkompiuterius, arba turi jų dalį. Šiuo
tikslu bendrovė „Lilly“ ėmėsi atsargumo priemonių ir, nepriklausomai nuo
„Isomorphic“, sukūrė savo sistemą, vadinamą „LillyPod“. Ji taikys giliojo
mokymosi metodus duomenims iš 150 metų senumo bendrovės archyvo, kuriame gausu
tiek neviešintų nesėkmių, tiek aprašytų sėkmių. Tai turėtų suteikti įžvalgų,
neprieinamų tiems, kurie remiasi vien tik moksline literatūra – o joje dažnai
labiau akcentuojami sėkmingi rezultatai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Žemės ūkio srityje dirbtinis intelektas (DI) pasitelkiamas
sprendžiant problemas, kurios iki šiol buvo sunkiai įveikiamos. Viena jų –
poliploidija; tai augalams būdingas reiškinys, kai organizmas turi kelis
panašių chromosomų rinkinius. Daugelis svarbių žemės ūkio kultūrų, pavyzdžiui,
kviečiai, medvilnė ir bulvės, yra poliploidinės. Dėl to sunku nustatyti, kurie
genai lemia tam tikrus požymius, o kartu – ir kur būtų tikslinga atlikti
naudingus genetinius pakeitimus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tinkamai pritaikytas DI gali padėti visa tai išsiaiškinti.
Jis taip pat gali padėti suprasti augalų imunines sistemas, kurios
evoliucionavo nepriklausomai nuo gyvūnų imuninių sistemų, tačiau yra ne mažiau
sudėtingos. Tai atveria galimybes jas modifikuoti taip, kad būtų naudinga
ūkininkams. Be to, bandoma pasitelkti DI net ir fotosintezės procesams
koreguoti, siekiant padidinti jų efektyvumą. Nors tai – labai drąsus užmojis
(juk evoliucija turėjo kelis milijardus metų šiam procesui optimizuoti), sėkmės
atveju tai būtų neįkainojama galimybė padidinti derlių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Visgi didžiausias laimėjimas būtų sujungti įvairius DI
suteikiamus biologijos tyrimų metodus ir sukurti kompiuterinius ląstelių
veikimo modelius. VBI iniciatyva yra žingsnis šia kryptimi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ši iniciatyva – tai viešųjų, akademinių ir privačių tyrimų
organizacijų koalicija, kuriai vadovauja San Franciske įsikūrusi „Biohub“ –
organizacija, kurią įkūrė „Meta“ vadovas Markas Zuckerbergas ir jo žmona
Priscilla Chan. Tarp jos narių yra „DeepMind“, „Isomorphic Labs“ ir „Arc
Institute“. Tikslas – surinkti didžiulius kiekius naujų biologinių duomenų DI
suprantamu formatu; šie duomenys būtini kuriant prognozavimo modelius. Nors
tokie modeliai neatkartos visų ląstelių elgsenos aspektų, jie reaguos į imituojamas
ligas ir gydymą taip pat, kaip ir tikros ląstelės.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tai turėtų gerokai paspartinti medicininius tyrimus ir
vaistų bandymus. Pavyzdžiui, virtualios ląstelės su skirtingais genomais galėtų
parodyti, kurios iš jų greičiausiai gerai reaguos į vaistą – dar net
neprasidėjus klinikiniams tyrimams. Dėl to tokie tyrimai taptų labiau
formalumu, o ne tuo įtemptu, daugelį metų trunkančiu procesu, kokiu yra dabar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Norint suprasti biologiją tiek, kad būtų galima sukurti
tokią virtualią ląstelę, nepakaks vien tik išnagrinėti atskirų DNR bei baltymų
molekulių sudėtį ir sukurti ją atitinkančius modelius – reikės aprėpti kur kas
daugiau. Šie nauji modeliai turės „žinoti“, kur yra minėtos molekulės, kaip jos
sąveikauja tarpusavyje bei su kitomis biocheminėmis molekulėmis (pavyzdžiui,
lipidais ir cukrumi) ir kaip visas šis tinklas reaguoja į signalines molekules,
tokias kaip hormonai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Biohub“ finansuos priemonių, skirtų šiems tikslams
pasiekti, kūrimą – pavyzdžiui, krio-elektroninę tomografiją, leidžiančią beveik
atominiu tikslumu pamatyti, kas vyksta ląstelės viduje. Be to, bendradarbiavimo
iniciatyvoje, apie kurią taip pat paskelbta spalio 7 d., dalyvaus ir JAV
Energetikos departamentas (DoE) bei Nacionaliniai sveikatos institutai (NIH).
NIH suteiks jau surinktus duomenis, kurių vertė siekia 500 mln. JAV dolerių;
„Biohub“ sieks juos standartizuoti. Savo ruožtu DoE skirs panašią sumą skaičiavimo
pajėgumams ir kitiems šiam sumanymui įgyvendinti reikalingiems ištekliams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Virusas *ex machina*&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Virtualios ląstelės vis tiek tebus kompiuteriniai modeliai.
Sintetinės biologijos šedevras – vartojant šį žodį originalia prasme, kaip
kūrinį, skirtą meistriškumui įrodyti – bus visiškai naujų organizmų sukūrimas
„nuo nulio“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Priklausomai nuo to, kaip apibrėžiami žodžiai „organizmai“
ir „nauji“, gali būti, kad tai jau įvyko. 2025 m. rugsėjį dr. Hie ir keli jo
kolegos iš „Arc Institute“ pranešė, kad pasitelkę „Evo 2“ bei jo pirmtaką „Evo
1“, suprojektavo ir susintetino 16 gyvybingų virusų. Nors jie sukurti remiantis
bakteriofagu „Phi-X174“ (vienu iš pagrindinių virusologijos tyrimų objektų),
naujieji virusai nuo jo iš esmės skiriasi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Bakteriofagai, kaip rodo pats pavadinimas, puola bakterijas.
Įdomu tai, kad kai kurie dr. Hie sukurti virusai pasižymėjo didesniu
prisitaikymu (angl. *fitness*) nei jų natūralūs atitikmenys. Jų kokteiliai
sugebėjo įveikti natūralų atsparumą virusams, kurį demonstravo trys skirtingos
*E. coli* – žarnyno bakterijos, dažnai naudojamos kaip universalus įrankis
laboratoriniuose tyrimuose – atmainos. Tai ypač aktualu, nes specialiai sukurti
fagai galėtų būti pritaikyti medicinoje. Vadinamoji fagų terapija, kai kenksmingos
bakterijos tramdomos ne cheminiais antibiotikais, o virusais, anksčiau buvo
laikoma keistenybe, tačiau dabar ji rimtai svarstoma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Grįžtant prie „Genyro“ – dr. Woolfsono tikrai negalima
apkaltinti mąstant siaurai. Jis tikisi, kad sujungus biologinius pamatinius
modelius su pigia, didelio masto DNR sinteze, bus galima ištirti daugybę
galimybių, kurių natūrali atranka dar nėra atradusi – tai, ką jis vadina „visa
DNR erdve“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tikėtina, kad viskas prasidėtų nuo organizmų, kurie, nors ir
būdami naujoviški, visgi turėtų – kaip ir dr. Hie’aus nagrinėjami fagai – tai
struktūros, primenančios kažką natūralaus. Tačiau, kaip ir natūrali atranka,
veikdama po vieną žingsnį, evoliucionavo nuo mikrobų iki žmonių – per žuvis,
varliagyvius, į žinduolius panašius roplius ir beždžiones, – taip ir dirbtinio
intelekto (DI) skatinami laipsniški pokyčiai gali atvesti prie sprendimų, kurie
šiandien skamba kaip fantastika. Galbūt pastatus bus galima „auginti“, o ne
statyti? Galbūt atsiras pristatymo dronų su sparnais, o ne sraigtais? Arba
visureigių su kojomis, o ne ratais?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Be to, pati DNR erdvė gali pasirodyti esanti kur kas
didesnė, nei atrodo iš pirmo žvilgsnio. DI suprojektuotos dirbtinės ląstelės
galėtų išplėsti biochemijos – o kartu ir sintetinės biologijos – ribas,
perrašydamos patį genetinį kodą. Natūraliuose baltymuose naudojama tik 20 rūšių
aminorūgščių, tačiau DNR galėtų koduoti tris kartus daugiau, jei baltymų
sintezės mechanizmą pavyktų pertvarkyti taip, kad būtų pašalinti dublikatai.
Tai atvertų kelią įvairiems naudingiems cheminiams procesams, kurių gamtoje šiuo
metu nėra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vis dėlto kyla ir pavojus netyčia sukurti pabaisas. Dr.
Hie’us su kolegomis savo tyrimams su sintetiniais virusais pasirinko fagus iš
dalies todėl, kad jie jokiu būdu negali virsti patogenais. O „Evo 2“ kūrėjai,
treniruodami sistemą, pasirūpino, kad duomenų bazėse nebūtų patogeninių virusų
– kad modelis netyčia neišmoktų sukurti ko nors pavojingo. Tačiau technologijai
plintant, didės ir rizika.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Taigi, kaip ir pats dirbtinis intelektas, biologija, kurią
jis įgalins, atveria pasaulius, galinčius būti ir nuostabius, ir gąsdinančius.
Kai kitą kartą žurnale „The Economist“ skaitysite straipsnį apie „drakonų
fabriką“, nebūkite tokie tikri, kad mes tik juokaujame.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. The life fantastic. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9521,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 17, 2026): 72, 73.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/97543229127027100/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/97543229127027100' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/97543229127027100'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/97543229127027100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/dirbtinio-intelekto-sukurta-fantastiska.html' title='Dirbtinio intelekto sukurta fantastiška gyvybė'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4512509699119183044</id><published>2026-10-25T19:54:38.267-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T19:54:38.267-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The fantastic life, created by AI </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Twenty years ago, The Economist ran a story about a factory
that could make dragons. It was an April Fool, based on the idea that living
cells could be modelled accurately inside computers. At the time, that idea was
a fantasy. But the flourishing of artificial intelligence in the intervening
decades appears to have brought it closer to reality. A sign of progress came
on October 7th, when the Virtual Biology Initiative (VBI), a project to collect
the data needed to create predictive models of how cells behave and change,
announced that it had received commitments worth $800m since its launch in
April.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The VBI’s goals are medical. Predictive models will let
researchers design more effective drugs that are more likely to pass
successfully through clinical trials. But, if that works, future generations of
models might be used to design modified versions of existing organisms, such as
crop plants—and perhaps, eventually, entirely new living things.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Remixing biology&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The technology that has made such advances conceivable is
deep learning, wherein large neural networks are trained to tackle complex
problems. It is this technique that underpins the foundation models that power
the chatbots marketed by firms such as Anthropic, Google and OpenAI. To such
models, the long-chain molecules at the heart of biology (nucleic acids and
proteins) are no different from the chains of words in human writing. Letting
foundation models loose on them was thus an obvious idea. And it is proving
extraordinarily productive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In the words of Adrian Woolfson, the business brain behind
Genyro, a bio-startup in San Diego, “Biology is now computable, predictable and
therefore designable.” It is also instantiable. Evo 2, for example, a
foundation model partly invented by Brian Hie, of the Arc Institute in Palo
Alto, can analyse DNA segments up to 1m base-pairs long (the size of a small
bacterial genome). By studying the order of chemical bases paired together in
that molecule’s double helix, it can predict how changes to that order might
affect its parent organism. It is able to do this because it was trained on DNA
sequences collected from over 100,000 species, in the way that chatbots are
trained on text.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In January Dr Woolfson’s scientific partners, Kaihang Wang
and Noah Robinson, of the California Institute of Technology, unleashed on the
world a high-fidelity, high-efficiency DNA-assembly system called Sidewinder.
Sidewinder can piece long stretches of DNA together (currently up to 12,500
base pairs) with high accuracy. That is enough, by itself, to synthesise the
genomes of small viruses. It also simplifies the construction of yet-longer
stretches, such as bacterial genomes and small artificial chromosomes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Combined with Evo 2 (Dr Hie is another of Genyro’s founders)
the firm now has the tools needed for Dr Woolfson to put his money where his
mouth is. He hopes to do so by synthesising, among other things, an artificial
wheat chromosome carrying genes for heat- and drought-resistance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Evo 2 is by no means the only genomic foundation model out
there. DeepMind, Google’s AI lab, has created one called AlphaGenome. It is
more of a specialist than Evo 2. AlphaGenome was trained almost exclusively on
human genomes, as was Genos, an offering from BGI Research, in Shenzhen, China.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Deep-learning models are available, too, for those studying
particular groups of non-human species. Plants, fungi, bacteria, viruses and
vertebrate animals are all served in this way. Conversely, Basecamp Research, a
company in London, is casting the net wider. Its model is trained on samples
that attempt to capture all the DNA in, say, a water sample from a particular
place, in order to study—with a view to creating new antibiotics—the chemical
warfare going on between the microbes therein.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;And that is only genomics. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Deep-learning
models of various sorts can also handle other biological molecules, especially
proteins. They are able to work out how natural proteins, which are long chains
of chemical links called amino acids, fold up, which is crucial to
understanding how they work. They can also predict what changing particular
amino acids will do, and even design proteins from scratch, with particular
purposes in mind—from better antidotes to snake venom to bespoke enzymes for
novel chemical reactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DeepMind
also has one of these, called AlphaFold 3. And its spin-off, Isomorphic
Labs—which has the modest mission statement “Solve all disease”—plans to use
both that and AlphaGenome in drug-discovery partnerships with three larger,
longer-established pharma firms: Novartis, Eli Lilly and Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson.
The pharma firms will provide the targets. Isomorphic will use its AI to
suggest drug candidates. The pharma firms will then test its suggestions
experimentally.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Other established pharma companies are doing similar AI work
in-house. Roche, Novo, GSK and AstraZeneca all either own or have stakes in
supercomputers for that purpose. Indeed, Lilly itself has hedged its bets by
building one, called LillyPod, independently of Isomorphic. This will apply the
deep-learning approach to data from the company’s 150-year-old archive, which
is replete with unpublished failures as well as published successes. That
should yield insights unavailable to those relying solely on the published
scientific literature, with its bias towards what worked.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In the field of agriculture, meanwhile, AI is being brought
to bear on several hitherto-intractable problems. One such is polyploidy, a
phenomenon common in plants in which an organism has multiple sets of similar
chromosomes. Several important crops, including wheat, cotton and potatoes, are
polyploid. This makes it hard to determine which genes are responsible for what
effects, and thus know where to make advantageous genetic edits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Appropriate AI can sort out what’s what. It can also help
make sense of plant immune systems, which have evolved independently of those
in animals but are similarly complex. That should allow them to be tweaked to
farmers’ advantage. And there are even attempts to use AI to tinker with the
fundamentals of photosynthesis, to try to make it more efficient—a long shot,
given that evolution has had several billion years to optimise it, but one that
would be of incalculable value if it could be pulled off to increase yields.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The big
prize, though, will be to combine the approaches to biology enabled by AI to
devise computer models of how cells work. The VBI is a step towards this.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The
initiative itself is a coalition of public, academic and private research
organisations led by Biohub, an organisation in San Francisco set up by Mark
Zuckerberg, boss of Meta, and his wife Priscilla Chan. DeepMind, Isomorphic
Labs and the Arc Institute are among its members. The aim is to gather, in
AI-friendly format, the vast amounts of new biological data needed to create
predictive models. Though these will not replicate all aspects of cellular
behaviour they will respond like real cells to simulated disease and treatment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;That should greatly speed up medical research and drug
testing. Virtual cells with different genomes, for example, might indicate
which are likely to respond well to a drug even before clinical trials start.
That would make such trials more of a formality, rather than the nail-biting,
years-long exercise they currently are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;To
understand enough biology to make such a virtual cell will require looking at,
and building models to handle, a lot more than just the composition of
individual DNA and protein molecules. These new models will need to know where
those molecules are, how they interact with each other and with the other
molecules of biochemistry (such as lipids and sugars) and how this whole
network responds to signalling molecules such as hormones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Biohub will sponsor the development of tools to do this,
such as cryo-electron tomography, which can resolve what is happening inside a
cell at close to atomic detail. Meanwhile, in a collaboration also announced on
October 7th, America’s Department of Energy (DoE) and National Institutes of
Health (NIH) will chip in too. The NIH will contribute $500m-worth of
already-collected data that Biohub will attempt to standardise, and the DoE
will spend a similar sum on computing and other resources needed for the endeavour.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Virus ex machina&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Virtual cells will still be just computer models. Synthetic
biology’s masterpiece—in the word’s original sense of a work created to prove
mastery—will be to create completely novel organisms from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Depending on how you define the words “organisms” and
“novel”, this may already have happened. In September 2025 Dr Hie and some of
his colleagues at the Arc Institute announced that they had used Evo 2 and its
predecessor, Evo 1, to design and synthesise 16 viable viruses based on, but
significantly different from, a bacteriophage called Phi-X174 that is one of
virology’s workhorses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Bacteriophages,
as their name suggests, prey on bacteria. Intriguingly, some of Dr Hie’s
novelties had higher fitness than their wild equivalents. Cocktails of them
proved able to overcome the normal resistance to viruses shown by three
different strains of E. coli, a gut bacterium that also has workhorse status.
This is of particular interest because custom-built phages might have medical
applications. So-called phage therapies, in which hostile bacteria are kept
under control by viruses rather than chemical antibiotics, were once widely
regarded as eccentric, but are now under active consideration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Back at
Genyro, no one could accuse Dr Woolfson of thinking small. He hopes the
combination of biological foundation models and cheap, large-scale DNA
synthesis will enable the exploration of the myriad possibilities offers that
natural selection has not yet discovered—what he calls “the whole of DNA
space.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;This would, presumably, start with creatures that, though
novel, still had, like Dr Hie’s phages, a recognisable resemblance to something
natural. But, just as natural selection, proceeding one step at a time, went
from microbes to humans via fish, amphibians, mammal-like reptiles and monkeys,
so AI-driven incremental change might result in applications that sound, today,
like fantasy. Growing buildings rather than constructing them, perhaps?
Delivery drones with wings instead of propellers? Off-road cars with legs
instead of wheels?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;And DNA space itself may prove bigger than it looks at first
sight. AI-designed artificial cells might assist the extension of biochemistry,
and therefore synthetic biology, by rewriting the genetic code itself. Natural
proteins employ only 20 types of amino acid, but DNA would have the ability to
encode three times as many if the machinery of protein synthesis could be
re-wired to eliminate duplicates. That might permit all sorts of useful
chemistry that is currently not seen in nature.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;It could also, though, unleash accidental monsters. Dr Hie
and his colleagues chose phages for their work on synthetic viruses in part
because they pose no conceivable threat of turning into pathogens. And the
creators of Evo 2 made sure when they were training it that none of the viruses
in the databases were pathogenic, lest the model accidentally learn to do
something dangerous. As the technology spreads, though, risks will proliferate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Like AI itself, then, the biology that ai will enable offers
possible worlds that are both wonderful and terrifying. The next time you read
a story about a dragon factory in an issue of The Economist, don’t be so sure
that we’re joking.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. The life fantastic. The Economist; London Vol. 461, Iss.
9521,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 17, 2026): 72, 73.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4512509699119183044/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4512509699119183044' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4512509699119183044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4512509699119183044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/the-fantastic-life-created-by-ai.html' title='The fantastic life, created by AI '/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8856970309414799854</id><published>2026-10-25T19:21:39.428-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T19:21:39.429-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mokslo revoliucija, kurią sukėlė dirbtinis intelektas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;Seras Demisas Hassabis teigia, kad įkūrė „Google DeepMind“
siekdamas sukurti „tobuliausią įrankį mokslui“. Nuo to laiko „DeepMind“ atlikti
tyrimai devynis kartus puikavosi ant žurnalo „Nature“ viršelio. Iš pradžių tai
buvo susiję su proveržiais pačioje dirbtinio intelekto (DI) srityje, tačiau
pastarieji laimėjimai pasiekti pritaikius DI kitose mokslo srityse. Pavyzdžiui,
už baltymų struktūros nustatymo modelį „AlphaFold“ seras Demisas 2024 m. buvo
apdovanotas Nobelio premija (kartu su kitais laureatais).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepMind“ konkurentai taip pat sparčiai žengia į priekį. Šį
rudenį bendrovė „OpenAI“ iš esmės pakeitė matematikos pasaulį: išsprendė vieną
iš „Tūkstantmečio premijos“ uždavinių, o vėliau per vieną dieną paskelbė
sprendimus daugiau nei 300 iki tol neišspręstų mokslo klausimų. „Anthropic“
vadovas Dario Amodei rugsėjį pareiškė, kad, pasitelkus jų sukurtą modelį
„Claude“, buvo atrasta potenciali alternatyva genų redagavimo technologijai
CRISPR. Jis pažymėjo, kad biologijos srityje, pasitelkiant DI, stebima „eksponentinė
plėtra“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Prie šios veiklos prisijungia ir mažesnės įmonės: 2024 m.
Tokijuje įsikūrusi tyrimų grupė „Sakana AI“ pristatė „DI mokslininką“ –
sistemą, kuri, pasak kūrėjų, gali atlikti visas užduotis, reikalingas mokslo
straipsniui parengti. Šių metų kovą žurnale „Nature“ paskelbtame recenzuotame
straipsnyje „Sakana AI“ pranešė, kad jų sukurtas „DI mokslininkas“ parašė
darbą, kuris sėkmingai įveikė pirmąjį recenzavimo etapą prestižinėje DI
konferencijoje – tai barjeras, kurio neįveikė beveik trečdalis žmonių parašytų
straipsnių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Iš pradžių tokie pasiekimai buvo palankiai sutikti
plačiojoje mokslo bendruomenėje. Tačiau vis spartėjantis atradimų, atliekamų
pasitelkiant DI, tempas daugelį neramina. Tyrėjus ypač trikdo tai, kad DI
įmonės ne tik siūlo įrankius atradimams daryti, bet ir pačios imasi juos
naudoti. Tai neįprasta: paprastai DI bendrovės tiesiog parduoda savo paslaugas
įvairių sektorių atstovams – nuo ​​buhalterinių įmonių iki žiniasklaidos
priemonių – pačios šiose srityse tiesiogiai neveikdamos. Kodėl gi mokslo
srityje situacija kitokia?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Laboratorijų atstovų teigimu, mokslo ribų plėtimas yra
tiesiog prasminga veikla – arba, žvelgiant ciniškiau, veikla, kurią
demonstruojant galima sukurti teigiamą įvaizdį. Didelė dalis mokslinio darbo didžiausių
dirbtinio intelekto (DI) įmonių veikloje pristatoma, kaip moksliniai tyrimai
dėl pačių tyrimų. Pasak sero Demiso, jo iškelti ambicingi tikslai atsirado
todėl, kad jis norėjo „suprasti, kas vyksta visatoje“. Praktinis pritaikomumas,
kaip ir daugeliui gerų mokslininkų, jam buvo tik antraeilis dalykas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Panašiai kalba ir kiti „DeepMind“ atstovai. „Mums tiesiog
nuoširdžiai rūpi ši veikla“, – teigia Markas Chenas, „OpenAI“ tyrimų vadovas,
atmesdamas kaltinimus, esą įmonės vykdomi moksliniai tyrimai tėra korporatyvinė
filantropija. Pasak M. Cheno, daugelis įmonės tyrėjų prieš pereidami į verslo
sektorių dirbo mokslininkais arba matematikais, todėl jie vis dar ilgisi to
grožio, kurį suteikia nauji atradimai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vis dėlto pelno perspektyva taip pat nepakenkia. Puikus
pavyzdys – „Isomorphic Labs“, iš „DeepMind“ atskilusi įmonė, kurią įkūrė seras
Demisas. Ji siekia pasitelkti „DeepMind“ technologijas kurdama inovatyvius
gydymo būdus vėžiui, širdies ir kraujagyslių bei imuninės sistemos ligoms.
Įmonė sukūrė savitą technologiją – atnaujintą „AlphaFold 3“ versiją, kuri
biocheminių reakcijų srityje gali atlikti tokį patį proveržį, kokį jos pirmtakė
pasiekė baltymų lankstymosi srityje. Jei ši rizikinga strategija pasiteisins,
„Isomorphic Labs“ pradės generuoti finansinę grąžą: farmacijos bendrovės visame
pasaulyje ims kurti tikrus vaistus iš 17 šiuo metu vystomų molekulių kandidatų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Didesnis gėris&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nors pripažinimas ir pelnas yra stiprios paskatos, tai – tik
dalis istorijos. Tikroji priežastis, kodėl DI laboratorijos taip noriai
investuoja į mokslą, greičiausiai ta, kad tai geriausias būdas tobulinti savo
modelius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Didžiųjų kalbos modelių (angl. *large language models*, LLM)
gyvavimo pradžioje mokslinės žinios buvo vienas iš kriterijų, pagal kuriuos
vertinta, kiek naujieji modeliai pranoksta savo pirmtakus. Tačiau tuometiniai
testai nebuvo sudėtingesni už vidurinės mokyklos gamtos mokslų viktoriną.
Šiuolaikiniai pažangiausi modeliai, priešingai, geba spręsti aukštojo mokslo
lygio užduotis. Pavyzdžiui, atliekant „paskutinį žmonijos egzaminą“ –
visapusišką žinių patikrinimą, sukurtą taip, kad būtų maksimaliai sudėtingas, –
jie surenka šiek tiek daugiau nei 50 proc. taškų (žr. diagramą).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dėl tokios spartaus progreso DI laboratorijoms ima stigti
duomenų, skirtų modeliams testuoti. Logiškas kitas žingsnis – dirbtinio
intelekto modeliams patiems atlikti naujus tyrimus. „Mokslas ir matematika“, –
sako Pushmeetas Kohli, „Google DeepMind“ mokslo komandos vadovas, – „tarnauja
kaip žaidimų aikštelė, didieji iššūkiai, kuriuos keliame dirbtiniam intelektui,
kad paskatintume inovacijas.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Neišspręsti matematikos klausimai yra ypač vertingi, nes bet
kokius modelių rastus atsakymus galima formaliai įrodyti ir patikrinti.
Dirbtinio intelekto kūrimo srityje taikoma technika, vadinama „pastiprinamuoju
mokymusi su patikrinamais atlygiais“ – laboratorijos moko dirbtinio intelekto
modelius, duodamos jiems užduotis srityse, į kurias yra objektyviai teisingi
atsakymai, ir apdovanodamos juos už sėkmę. Buvo spėliojama, kad naujausias
„OpenAI“ matematikos darbų rinkinys gali būti vieno tokio mokymo šalutinis
produktas. „Pateikti oficialų šios neišspręstos problemos įrodymą“ galėtų būti
sunkiausias, bet patikrinamas, iššūkis, ką gali pasiūlyti žmonija.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau modelių siekis tapti pasauliniu matematikos lyderiu
nebūtinai reiškia, kad jie bus kompetentingesni kitose užduotyse. Mokslinių
problemų sprendimas gali dar labiau „padidinti“ dirbtinio intelekto sistemų
intelektą, o tai reiškia, kad kai kuriose srityse jos demonstruoja antžmogišką
potencialą, o kitose daro juokingas klaidas (nors ir rečiau nei anksčiau). Ar
dirbtinio intelekto modeliai, turintys itin protingų mokslinių gebėjimų, vėliau
išsiugdys bendrąją kompetenciją, yra „egzistencinis“ klausimas, anot vieno
bendrovės atstovo, turintis pasekmių žmonijos ateičiai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Yra priežasčių manyti, kad tokiu būdu apmokytų modelių
intelektas gali būti mažiau „padidintas“, nei tikėtasi. Ponas Chenas iš
„OpenAI“ primena „karčią pamoką“ iš dirbtinio intelekto mokslo: didesnės,
architektūriškai paprastesnės sistemos pasirodo esančios geresnės nei tos,
kuriose yra baroko stiliaus papildymų, skirtų specializuotis. Pasak Richo
Suttono, dirbtinio intelekto tyrėjo, kuris pirmasis pavartojo šią frazę,
dirbtinio intelekto sistemos tokiose srityse kaip šachmatai ir kalbos
atpažinimas tapo geresnės, kai tyrėjai nustojo bandyti diktuoti, kaip jų
modeliai turėtų atlikti užduotį.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Naujausi darbai tai patvirtina. Preliminarūs tyrimai,
kuriems vadovavo Yong Liu iš Šanchajaus Jiao Tong universiteto, parodė, kad
sistemos, mokančios sulankstyti baltymus – be mikrovaldymo, atrodo, pagerina
jas ir visose kitose srityse. „Alibaba“ atvirojo kodo „Qwen AI“ versija,
apmokyta su baltymų lankstymu susijusiais klausimais ir atsakymais, parodė
geresnius gebėjimus tokiose srityse kaip erdvinis, grafinis, mokslinis ir
bendrasis samprotavimas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Išvada ta, kad „OpenAI“, pasak p. Cheno, yra „karčios
pamokos kupina“: bendrovė daug lažinosi, kad geriausias būdas sukurti modelį
bet kuriai užduočiai yra sukurti modelį, kuris galėtų atlikti visas užduotis.
Ne visi su tuo sutinka. Pavyzdžiui, „DeepMind“ sėkmingai sukūrė specializuotus
modelius, ypač „AlphaFold“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau laukia ir karčios pamokos. Bendrovės „bendramokslis“,
išleistas gegužę, yra bendroji sistema, naudojanti kelis savo „Gemini“ pokalbių
roboto egzempliorius naujoms hipotezėms generuoti, joms viduje apsvarstyti ir
patobulinti. Daugeliui tai pasirodė kaip pokytis, palyginti su ankstesniu
bendrovės požiūriu. (Šis įrankis buvo pristatytas netrukus prieš tai, kai seras
Demisas perėjo į naujas pareigas – tapo „Alphabet“ (pagrindinės „DeepMind“ ir
„Google“ bendrovės) vyriausiuoju mokslininku.) Dr. Kohli šiuos pokyčius
apibūdina kaip mokslinės veiklos plėtrą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jei „kartokoji pamoka“ (angl. *bitter lesson*) pasitvirtins
ir toliau, tai gali iš esmės pakeisti mokslinę veiklą. Sukurti nedidelę,
konkrečiai užduočiai skirtą mašininio mokymosi sistemą gali daugelis tyrėjų.
Pavyzdžiui, pasak Oksfordo universiteto fizikės Héloïse Stevance, dirbtiniu
intelektu (DI) paremtam supernovų detektoriui apmokyti prireikė „vos 15 000
pavyzdžių ir mano nešiojamojo kompiuterio skaičiavimo galios“. Tačiau norint
sukurti pažangų didelį kalbos modelį (LLM), reikia terabaitų duomenų ir milžiniškų
skaičiavimo pajėgumų – tiek, kad tai tampa prieinama tik keletui turtingiausių
pasaulio įmonių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Be to, tobulesni modeliai gali tapti vertingu laimikiu, dėl
kurio verta investuoti kapitalą. Geras DI srities mokslininkas gali pasirodyti
esąs puikus ir kuriant dar geresnes DI sistemas. Modelio apmokymo procesų
efektyvinimas bei DI lustų energijos sąnaudų mažinimas – tai tikslai, kuriuos
kelia tokios įmonės kaip „Sakana“ ar „DeepMind“. Jackas Clarkas, vienas iš
„Anthropic“ įkūrėjų, prognozuoja, kad iki 2028 m. DI sistemos pačios visiškai
pajėgs atlikti šią užduotį. Artėja ateitis, kurioje DI mokslininkai kurs kitus
DI mokslininkus.“ [1] &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. A scientific revolution. The Economist; London Vol. 461,
Iss. 9521,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 17, 2026): 69, 70.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8856970309414799854/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8856970309414799854' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8856970309414799854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8856970309414799854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/mokslo-revoliucija-kuria-sukele.html' title='Mokslo revoliucija, kurią sukėlė dirbtinis intelektas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-6730129589172809925</id><published>2026-10-25T19:17:44.201-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T19:17:44.202-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A scientific revolution, created by AI</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“SIR DEMIS HASSABIS says he started Google DeepMind to
create “the ultimate tool for science”. In the years since, DeepMind’s research
has graced the cover of Nature nine times. At the beginning that was for
breakthroughs in AI itself, but its more recent successes have come from
applying AI to other areas of scientific endeavour. Its protein-folding model
AlphaFold, for example, earned Sir Demis a share of a Nobel prize in 2024.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;DeepMind’s peers are catching up. This autumn, OpenAI
reshaped the terrain of mathematics, first by solving a landmark Millennium
Prize problem and then by publishing solutions to more than 300 open questions
in a single day. Dario Amodei, Anthropic’s boss, declared in September that the
company had discovered a potential successor to CRISPR, a gene-editing
technique, using its Claude model, promising that AI-powered biology is on an
“exponential trend”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Smaller companies are joining in: in 2024 Sakana AI, a
Tokyo-based research group, unveiled an “AI scientist” which its creators
claimed could complete all the tasks required to write a scientific paper. In a
peer-reviewed article published in Nature this March, Sakana reported that the
AI scientist wrote a paper which passed the first round of peer review for a
top-tier AI conference—a hurdle which defeated almost a third of the
human-written papers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Such work was initially welcomed by the broader scientific
establishment. But the growing pace of AI-powered discovery has put many on
edge. Part of what unnerves researchers is the extent to which AI companies are
not merely providing a tool for discovery but choosing to wield it themselves.
This is unusual: AI companies are content to sell their services to everyone
from accountancies to media outlets without operating in those industries
themselves. Why, then, is the situation so different with science?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;What the labs say implies that they see pushing the
frontiers of science as simply a good thing to be doing—or, more cynically, a
good thing to be seen doing. Much of the scientific work at the biggest AI
companies is promoted as research for its own sake. Sir Demis’s lofty goals
came about, he told The Economist, because he wanted “to understand what’s
going on here in the universe”. Practical applications, as for all good
scientists, were almost secondary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;DeepMind’s peers echo the message. “We just genuinely care
about this endeavour,” says Mark Chen, OpenAI’s chief research officer,
dismissing accusations that the company’s scientific efforts are corporate
philanthropy. Many of the company’s researchers were scientists or
mathematicians before moving to the corporate sector, says Mr Chen, and they
still yearn for the beauty of a new discovery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The prospect of profit doesn’t hurt, though. Isomorphic
Labs, a spin-out of DeepMind founded by Sir Demis, is the exemplar. The company
seeks to use DeepMind’s technology to develop novel therapies for cancers, as
well as cardiovascular and immune conditions. It has developed its own
technology, an updated version of AlphaFold 3, with the ability to do for
biochemical reactions what its predecessor did for protein folding. If the
gambit pays off, then Isomorphic will begin to show a financial return as its candidate
molecules, of which it has 17 under development, begin to be turned into real
medicines by pharmaceutical companies around the world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Greater goods&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praise and profits, strong motives though they are, are only
part of the story. The real reason AI labs are so keen to invest in science is
probably because it is the best way to improve their models.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In the early days of large language models (LLMs),
scientific aptitude was one of the benchmarks used to test how models surpassed
their predecessors. But that test was no trickier than a high-school science
quiz. Today’s best models, by contrast, are capable of handling postgraduate
level questions, scoring a little over 50% on “humanity’s last exam”, a quiz
spanning all domains designed to be as hard as a knowledge-based test can be
(see chart).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;This rapid progress means AI labs are running out of data on
which to test their models. The logical next step is for AI models to do novel
research themselves. “Science and mathematics”, says Pushmeet Kohli, the head
of Google DeepMind’s science team, “act as the playground, the grand challenges
that we give to AI to drive innovation.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Unsolved questions in mathematics are particularly valuable,
since any answers models find can be formally proven and verified. The frontier
of AI development relies on a technique known as “reinforcement learning with
verifiable rewards”—labs train AI models by giving them tasks in domains which
have objectively correct answers, and reward them for success. There has been
speculation that OpenAI’s latest dump of maths papers may be the by-product of
one such training run. “Provide a formal proof of this unsolved problem” could
be the hardest verifiable challenge humanity has to offer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pushing models to be world-leading in mathematics, however,
does not necessarily mean they will be more competent at other tasks. Churning
through scientific problems may make the intelligence of AI systems still more
“jagged”, meaning they show superhuman potential in some domains while making
laughable errors in others (if less frequently than they once did). Whether AI
models with scientific ultra-smarts go on to develop general competency is an
“existential” question, according to one company insider, with ramifications
for the future of humanity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;There are reasons to think the intelligence of models
trained this way may be less jagged than expected. Mr Chen, of OpenAI, invokes
the “bitter lesson” of AI science: that bigger, architecturally simpler systems
turn out to be better than ones with baroque additions designed to aid
specialisation. According to Rich Sutton, the AI researcher who first used the
phrase, AI systems in domains from chess to speech recognition got better once
researchers stopped trying to dictate how their models should approach the
task.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Recent work bears that out. Preliminary research led by Yong
Liu from Shanghai Jiao Tong University found that training systems—without
micromanagement—to fold proteins appears to make them better at everything
else, too. A version of Alibaba’s open-source Qwen AI trained on questions and
answers related to protein folding displayed improved capabilities in such
areas as spatial, graph, scientific and general reasoning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The upshot is that OpenAI is, Mr Chen says, “bitter
lesson-pilled”: the company has bet big that the best way to build a model for
any one task is to build a model that can handle all tasks. Not everyone
agrees. DeepMind, for example, has had success developing specialised models,
not least AlphaFold.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But the bitter lesson is coming for it, too. The company’s
“co-scientist”, released in May, is a general system, using multiple instances
of its Gemini chatbot to generate new hypotheses, ponder them internally, and
improve them. This struck many as being a pivot from the company’s prior
approach. (The tool was released shortly before Sir Demis moved into a new role
as chief scientist of Alphabet, DeepMind and Google’s parent company.) Dr Kohli
characterises the changes as an expansion of its scientific work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;If the bitter lesson continues to hold, it could reshape
scientific endeavour. Building a small, focused machine-learning system is
within the scope of many researchers. An AI-powered supernova detector, for
instance, took “just 15,000 examples and the computing power of my laptop” to
train, according to Héloïse Stevance, a physicist at Oxford University. But
building a frontier LLM takes terabytes of data, and a server farm’s worth of
compute—enough to render it out of reach of all but a few of the richest
companies in the world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;And better models might offer a prize that is worth throwing
capital towards. A good AI scientist may also prove to be good at developing
better AI systems. Making model training more efficient and AI chips less
power-hungry are goals upon which companies from Sakana to DeepMind have set
their sights. Jack Clark, a co-founder of Anthropic, predicts that this task
will be fully within the capabilities of AI systems by 2028. A future of AI
scientists making more AI scientists beckons.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. A scientific revolution. The Economist; London Vol. 461,
Iss. 9521,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 17, 2026): 69, 70.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/6730129589172809925/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/6730129589172809925' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6730129589172809925'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6730129589172809925'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/10/a-scientific-revolution-created-by-ai.html' title='A scientific revolution, created by AI'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7464496638843835946</id><published>2026-10-25T18:50:38.504-07:00</published><updated>2026-10-25T18:50:38.504-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Tai – kuklus 3D spausdintuvas, skirtas mėgėjams: senas principas, nauji įrenginiai</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Šiandien Kinijoje sparčiausiai augantis pramoninis
produktas nėra nei elektromobilis, nei ličio jonų baterija, nei netgi
humanoidinis robotas. Tai – kuklus 3D spausdintuvas, skirtas mėgėjams. Kadaise
buvę tik keistais technologijų entuziastų žaisliukais, 3D spausdintuvai tyliai
tapo vienu sėkmingiausių Kinijos plataus vartojimo elektronikos gaminių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pirmąjį šių metų pusmetį šių įrenginių eksportas išaugo 90
proc. Per pastarąjį dešimtmetį Kinijos dalis pasaulinėje rinkoje padidėjo nuo
19 iki 96 proc., taip užbaigiant Vakarų įmonių dominavimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pasak Londono rinkos tyrimų bendrovės „Context“ atstovo
Chriso Connery, asmeninių 3D spausdintuvų rinką dabar dalijasi „keturi mažieji
Šendženo drakonai“. „Creality“, „Anycubic“, „Elegoo“ ir rinkos lyderė „Bambu
Lab“ dominuoja visame pasaulyje (žr. grafiką). Jų sėkmė dar kartą įrodo, kaip
arši konkurencija Kinijoje, derinama su dosnia vyriausybės parama, gali padėti
pagerinti kokybę ir sumažinti eksporto kainas, todėl kiniškus gaminius tampa
sunku įveikti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šie spausdintuvai veikia kurdami objektus sluoksnis po
sluoksnio – dažniausiai išspaudžiant išlydytą plastiką. 1983 m. amerikiečio
Chucko Hullio išrasti įrenginiai ilgą laiką buvo brangūs, nepatikimi ir
sudėtingi naudoti. Šiandien juos galima įsigyti vos už kiek daugiau nei 500 JAV
dolerių; be to, jie pasižymi elegantišku aliuminio korpusu, primenančiu „Apple“
kompiuterius. Panašūs pradinio lygio Vakarų gamintojų spausdintuvai kainuoja
daugiau nei dvigubai brangiau. Dirbtinis intelektas leidžia vartotojams kurti
objektų modelius – pavyzdžiui, įrankius, detales ar žaislus – tiesiog aprašant
juos natūralia kalba, užuot naudojus sudėtingą projektavimo programinę įrangą.
Kaip Kinijos gamyklos, pasiekusios didelės apimties gamybą mažomis sąnaudomis,
pavertė bepiločius orlaivius pramoginiais prietaisais (kartu iš esmės
pakeisdamos ir karo veiksmų pobūdį), taip dabar jos elgiasi ir su 3D
spausdintuvais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nors pardavimai sparčiai auga, kainų karai sumažino šių
„spausdintuvų drakonų“ pelną. Vis dėlto šios įmonės vis dar traukia
investuotojus. „Bambu Lab“ 2020 m. įkūrė buvę kitos Kinijos bendrovės –
pasaulinės bepiločių orlaivių lyderės DJI – darbuotojai. Pranešama, kad šiai
spausdintuvų gamintojai privataus sektoriaus vertinimas siekia apie 10 mlrd.
JAV dolerių. Praėjusiais metais pati „DJI“ investavo į „Elegoo“, „Bambu“
konkurentę. Gegužę „Creality“ buvo įtraukta į Honkongo vertybinių popierių
biržos sąrašą. Jos rinkos kapitalizacija siekia 12 mlrd. Honkongo dolerių (1,5
mlrd. JAV dolerių).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vyriausybė vertina 3D spausdinimo įmones. Šis verslas buvo
įtrauktas į jos pramonės planą „Pagaminta Kinijoje 2025“, kuris buvo pradėtas
2015 m., siekiant užtikrinti šalies stiprybę ir savarankiškumą aukštųjų
technologijų gamyboje (tai labai kelia Vakarų nerimą).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pareigūnai 3D spausdintuvus laiko būdu gaminti aviacijos ir
kosmoso, sveikatos priežiūros ir karinės įrangos komponentus, kurių tiekimui
Kinija dažnai pasikliauja Vakarų tiekėjais. Politikos formuotojai nurodė tyrimų
institutams ir valstybinėms įmonėms juos pirkti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kai kurie konkurentai teigia, kad Kinijos įmonės pelnėsi iš
Vakarų atvirojo kodo spausdinimo programinės įrangos. Praėjusį mėnesį Amerikos
teismas nusprendė, kad „Bambu Lab“ pažeidė keturis Amerikos bendrovės patentus,
ir įpareigojo ją sumokėti 27,6 mln. JAV dolerių žalos atlyginimą. Nors Kinijos
įmonės užkariavo vartotojų rinką, joms sunkiai sekasi tai padaryti pramoninių
3D spausdintuvų srityje. Įmonės atsargiai vertina Kinijos gaminių naudojimą,
jei tai reiškia, kad joms reikia tiekti jautrius dizainus (nors Didžiosios
Britanijos gynybos ministerija naudoja „Bambu“ spausdintuvus, pripažįsta jos
vyriausybė).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Už Kinijos ribų aukščiausios klasės įrenginius vis dar
daugiausia tiekia Amerikos ir Europos įmonės. Jie gali būti parduodami už
milijonus dolerių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nepaisydami to, Kinijos tiekėjai kuria naują gamybos formą
tiek šalyje, tiek užsienyje. Jie yra novatoriški „3D spausdinimo ūkiai“ –
įrenginiai, kuriuose yra net 5000 stalinių 3D spausdintuvų, veikiančių kaip
gamyklos. Šiais metais Kinijoje pastatyta keletas tokių spausdintuvų.
Spausdinimo ūkiai gali greitai masiškai gaminti niekučius, skirtus keistoms
vartotojų tendencijoms, pakeisdami brangius ir lėtus liejimo įpurškimu metodus.
Kaip ir patys spausdintuvai, jų produkcija bus aukštesnės kokybės ir pigesnė
nei anksčiau.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Old mould, new machines. The Economist; London Vol. 461,
Iss. 9521,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Oct 17, 2026): 51, 52.&lt;/p&gt;

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