<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467</id><updated>2026-04-28T21:00:35.963-07:00</updated><category term="medicina"/><category term="mokslas ir verslas"/><category term="mokyklos"/><category term="rusai"/><category term="Kirkilas"/><category term="Kubilius"/><category term="Seimo rinkimai"/><category term="bankų krizė"/><category term="fundamentalus mokslas"/><category term="mokslo finansavimo būdai"/><category term="mokslo reikšmė"/><category term="specialistų įdarbinimo sąlygos"/><category term="studijos"/><category term="studijų kokybė"/><category term="talentų pritraukimas"/><category term="užsienio mokslininkų įdarbinimas"/><title type='text'>Mokslas, studijos ir ekonomika</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>28846</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7499959665412471449</id><published>2026-04-28T19:24:56.793-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T19:24:56.794-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kinija uždraudė „Meta“ įsigyti „Manus“ – sprendimas atspindi Pekino pastangas padėti apsaugoti Kinijos dirbtinio intelekto pajėgumus</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kinija uždraudė „Meta Platforms“ įsigyti dirbtinio
intelekto startuolį „Manus“ dėl nacionalinio saugumo priežasčių ir nurodė
nutraukti 2,5 mlrd. dolerių vertės sandorį.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kinijos nacionalinė plėtros ir reformų komisija, turinti
įgaliojimus peržiūrėti užsienio investicijas, pirmadienį pranešė uždraudusi
įsigijimą ir nurodžiusi jį atšaukti. „Sandoris visiškai atitiko galiojančius
įstatymus“, – el. laiške teigė „Meta“ atstovas. „Tikimės tinkamo tyrimo
sprendimo.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šis įvykis rodo, kad Pekinas siekia apriboti užsienio
dalyvavimą savo technologijų sektoriuje ir neleisti intelektinei nuosavybei
palikti šalies tuo metu, kai JAV ir Kinija yra įsitraukusios į intensyvėjančias
technologijų lenktynes. Abi šalys sugriežtino eksporto kontrolę, apribojo
technologijų specialistų mainus ir apribojo tarpvalstybines investicijas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šis žingsnis pastato „Meta“ į sudėtingą padėtį. Nors
„Facebook“ ir kitos „Meta“ programėlės Kinijoje nėra prieinamos, „Meta“ gauna
dideles pajamas iš Kinijos reklamuotojų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Manus“ sukūrė dirbtinio intelekto agentą, kuris gali
atlikti sudėtingas užduotis, kaip išsamių tyrimų ataskaitų rašymas ir
pristatymų skaidrių rengimas. Ankstyvąsias „Manus“ versijas sukūrė inžinieriai
iš „Beijing Butterfly Effect Technology“, įkurtos Kinijoje 2022 m.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praėjusiais metais Singapūre įsikūrusi įmonė, dar vadinama
„Butterfly Effect“, perėmė dirbtinio intelekto agento produkto veiklą rinkose
už Kinijos ribų. Gavusi investicijų iš Kalifornijoje įsikūrusios rizikos
kapitalo įmonės, „Manus“ perkėlė didžiąją dalį savo, Kinijoje dirbančių,
darbuotojų į Singapūrą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vėliau, gruodį, „Meta“ įsigijo „Manus“. Po kelių dienų
Kinijos valdžia paskelbė apie sandorio peržiūrą, teigdama, kad tarpvalstybiniai
sandoriai ir technologijų eksportas turi atitikti įstatymus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praėjusį mėnesį Kinijos pareigūnai pasikvietė du „Manus“
įkūrėjus – Xiao Hongą ir Ji Yichao – aptarti sandorio Pekine. „The Wall Street
Journal“ pranešė, kad vadovams, dirbantiems „Meta“, vėliau buvo liepta tyrimo
metu neišvykti iš šalies. Daugelis aukščiausių „Manus“ vadovų yra Kinijos
piliečiai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pagal Kinijos įstatymus, bet kokios užsienio investicijos,
kurios gali kelti grėsmę nacionaliniam saugumui, gali būti peržiūrimos valdžios
institucijų. Kinijos valdžia mano, kad turi įgaliojimus reikalauti nutraukti
sandorį, nes „Beijing Butterfly Effect Technology“ išlieka Kinijos bendrove.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Po įsigijimo „Meta“ pareiškė, kad Kinija nebeturės jokių
„Manus“ nuosavybės teisių ir kad startuolis nutrauks savo paslaugas ir veiklą
Kinijoje. „Manus“ siekė uždaryti „Beijing Butterfly Effect Technology“, bet to
dar nepadarė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Įvykiai, dėl kurių „Meta“ įsigijo technologijų iš Kinijos,
supykdė Kinijos reguliavimo institucijas. Jie nerimauja, kad šie žingsniai
paskatins kitas Kinijos bendroves pasekti jų pavyzdžiu ir išsikelti iš Kinijos
be patvirtinimo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Su šiuo klausimu susipažinę šaltiniai teigė, kad „Manus“
vadovai vedė derybas su „Meta“ dėl galimo atsistatydinimo, kaip kelio Pekino
tyrimui dėl įsigijimo išspręsti. Su šiuo klausimu susipažinę šaltiniai teigė,
kad sandorio nutraukimas būtų sudėtingas, nes buvę „Manus“ investuotojai atgavo
savo investicijas, o „Meta“ integravo „Manus“ įrankius į kai kuriuos produktus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Manus ir Xiao neatsakė į prašymus pakomentuoti. Su Ji
nepavyko susisiekti dėl komentaro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pastarosiomis savaitėmis Kinijos reguliavimo institucijos
nurodė kelioms šalies dirbtinio intelekto bendrovėms nepriimti JAV kapitalo be
vyriausybės patvirtinimo, teigia šaltiniai, susipažinę su šiuo klausimu.
apribojimas buvo paskelbtas. Šis žingsnis, apie kurį anksčiau pranešė
„Bloomberg“, išplečia Pekino pastangas griežtinti strateginių technologijų
priežiūrą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nors JAV apribojo JAV investuotojų galimybes finansuoti
pažangius dirbtinio intelekto projektus Kinijoje, JAV doleriai toliau plūdo į
Kinijos dirbtinio intelekto startuolius.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ar „Manus“ agentai yra atvirojo kodo ir vis dar prieinami
amerikiečiams po to, kai Kinija nutraukė sandorį su „Manus“?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nuo 2026 m. balandžio 28 d. Kinijos valdžia nurodė nutraukti
daugiau nei 2 mlrd. dolerių vertės dirbtinio intelekto agentų startuolio
„Manus“ įsigijimą, kurį atliko „Meta“, todėl jo ateities prieinamumas JAV tapo
neaiškus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sandorio statusas: Kinijos Nacionalinė plėtros ir reformų
komisija (NDRC) uždraudė įsigijimą, nurodydama nacionalinio saugumo problemas,
nes technologijos ir talentai kilę iš Kinijos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Prieinamumas amerikiečiams: Nors „Manus“ anksčiau siekė
veikti visame pasaulyje (su būstine Singapūre) ir 2026 m. pradžioje integravosi
į tokias platformas kaip „Telegram“, priverstinis sandorio nutraukimas
greičiausiai nutraukia jos ryšį su „Meta“ JAV esančia ekosistema, siekiant
išlaikyti talentus ir technologijas Kinijos jurisdikcijoje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Atvirojo kodo būsena: „Manus“ nėra tradicinė visiškai
atvirojo kodo. Tai patentuota agentų sistema, kuri buvo integruojama į „Meta“
produktus. Nors yra atvirojo kodo alternatyvų (pvz., „OpenManus“), originalus
„Manus“ produktas yra privati, prenumeratos pagrindu teikiama „skaitmeninio
darbuotojo“ paslauga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kas vyksta dabar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sandorio nutraukimo procesas: „Meta“ yra priversta nutraukti
sandorį, o tai reiškia, kad bendrovė greičiausiai grįš į savo būseną prieš
susijungimą, Pekinui atidžiai stebint.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Atvirojo kodo“ painiava: 2025 m. pradžioje sklandė gandai
apie „atvirojo kodo komponentus“, tačiau pagrindinis produktas yra patentuotas.
Tačiau kūrėjai greitai sukūrė alternatyvas, tokias kaip „OpenManus“ „GitHub“,
kurios siekia atkartoti jos galimybes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Prieinamumas ateityje: Griežtos priemonės rodo, kad
technologija greičiausiai bus išsaugota Kinijos technologijų ekosistemoje,
apribojant jos prieinamumą JAV vartotojams, ypač tiems, kurie naudojasi Vakarų
platformomis, tokiomis, kaip „Meta“.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. China Bans Meta&#39;s Manus Purchase --- Decision reflects
Beijing&#39;s attempts to help safeguard China&#39;s AI capabilities. Huang, Raffaele. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 28 Apr 2026: B4&lt;/p&gt;

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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footer&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;page number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;macro&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;“China has
banned Meta Platforms&#39; acquisition of artificial-intelligence startup Manus on
national security grounds and ordered that the $2.5 billion deal be unwound.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;China&#39;s National Development and Reform Commission, which
has the authority to review foreign investments, said Monday it has banned the
acquisition and ordered it to be rescinded. &quot;The transaction complied
fully with applicable law,&quot; a Meta representative said in an email
statement. &quot;We anticipate an appropriate resolution to the inquiry.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The
development signals that Beijing is intent on limiting foreign involvement in
its tech sector and keeping intellectual property from leaving the country at a
time when the U.S. and China are locked in an intensifying technology race.
Both countries have tightened export controls, restricted the exchange of tech
professionals and curbed cross-border investment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The move puts Meta in a challenging position. While Facebook
and other Meta apps aren&#39;t available in China, Meta garners significant
revenues from Chinese advertisers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Manus has
developed an AI agent that can carry out sophisticated tasks such as writing
in-depth research reports and preparing presentation slides. Early versions of
Manus were created by engineers at Beijing Butterfly Effect Technology, which
was founded in China in 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Last year, a
Singapore-based entity, also called Butterfly Effect, took over the operations
of the AI agent product in markets outside China. Manus relocated most of its
China-based employees to Singapore after receiving investment from a
California-based venture-capital firm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Then, in December, Meta acquired Manus. Days later, Chinese
authorities announced a review of the deal, saying cross-border deals and the
export of technology must comply with the law.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Last month, Chinese officials called in the two co-founders
of Manus -- Xiao Hong and Ji Yichao -- to discuss the deal in Beijing. The
executives, who work for Meta, were later told not to leave the country during
the investigation, The Wall Street Journal has reported. Many of Manus&#39;s top
executives are Chinese nationals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;According to
Chinese law, any foreign investments that may carry a national-security risk
may be subject to review by the authorities. Chinese authorities believe they
have the power to demand that the deal be unwound because Beijing Butterfly
Effect Technology remains a Chinese company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;After the acquisition, Meta said that there would be no
continuing Chinese ownership interest in Manus and that the startup would
discontinue its China-based services and operations. Manus was working to close
Beijing Butterfly Effect Technology, but hasn&#39;t yet done so.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The events
that culminated in Meta&#39;s purchase of technology originating from China has
angered Chinese regulators. They worry the steps would spur other Chinese
companies to follow suit and move out of China without approval.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Manus
executives had held talks with Meta about possibly resigning as a path to
resolving Beijing&#39;s probe into the acquisition, people familiar with the matter
said. Unwinding the deal would be complex because Manus&#39;s former investors have
recovered their investment and Meta has integrated Manus&#39;s tools into some
products, people familiar with the matter said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Manus and Xiao didn&#39;t respond to requests to comment. Ji
couldn&#39;t be reached to comment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In recent
weeks, Chinese regulators have told several of the country&#39;s AI companies not
to accept U.S. capital without government approval, people familiar with the
restriction said. That move, reported earlier by Bloomberg, broadens Beijing&#39;s
efforts to tighten oversight of strategic technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;While the
U.S. has restricted U.S. investors from funding frontier AI projects in China,
U.S. dollars have continued to flow into Chinese AI startups.” [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Are Manus agents open source and still available to
Americans after China unwinded Manus deal?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;As of April 28, 2026, the $2 billion+ acquisition of the AI
agent startup Manus by Meta has been ordered to be unwound by Chinese
authorities, throwing its future availability in the US into uncertainty. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Status of the
Deal: China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) prohibited the
acquisition, citing national security concerns because the technology and
talent originated in China.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Availability to
Americans: While Manus was previously aiming to operate globally (with a
Singapore headquarters) and had integrated into platforms like Telegram in
early 2026, the forced unwinding likely severs its connection to Meta’s
US-based ecosystem, aiming to keep the talent and technology under Chinese
jurisdiction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Open Source Status: Manus is not
traditionally open-source. It is a proprietary agent framework that was being
integrated into Meta&#39;s products. While there are open-source alternatives (such
as OpenManus), the original &quot;Manus&quot; product is a private,
subscription-based &quot;digital employee&quot; service. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Happening Now:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Unwinding Process:
Meta is being forced to unwind the deal, meaning the company will likely revert
to its status prior to the merger, under high scrutiny from Beijing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The &quot;Open Source&quot;
Confusion: As of early 2025, there was buzz about &quot;open-sourcing
components,&quot; but the core product is proprietary. However, developers
quickly created alternatives such as OpenManus on GitHub, which seek to
replicate its capabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Future Availability: The crackdown
suggests the technology will likely be retained within China&#39;s tech ecosystem,
restricting its availability to US users, particularly those on Western
platforms like Meta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. China Bans Meta&#39;s Manus Purchase --- Decision reflects
Beijing&#39;s attempts to help safeguard China&#39;s AI capabilities. Huang, Raffaele. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 28 Apr 2026: B4&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4729976452577059367/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4729976452577059367' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4729976452577059367'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4729976452577059367'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/china-bans-metas-manus-purchase.html' title='China Bans Meta&#39;s Manus Purchase --- Decision reflects Beijing&#39;s attempts to help safeguard China&#39;s AI capabilities'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-6406790491481415715</id><published>2026-04-28T18:29:42.795-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T18:29:42.797-07:00</updated><title type='text'>„OpenAI“ didžiausia nesėkmė?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Ar „OpenAI“ dar labiau atsilieka?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Iki vakar dienos diskusijos apie „OpenAI“ buvo apie Elono
Musko ieškinį prieš dirbtinio intelekto milžinę.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau „OpenAI“ gali turėti didesnių problemų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nauja ataskaita kelia klausimų dėl ambicingų generalinio
direktoriaus Samo Altmano išlaidų planų ir bendrovės padėties dirbtinio
intelekto lenktynėse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„The Wall Street Journal“, remdamasis anoniminiais
šaltiniais, praneša, kad „OpenAI“ nepasiekė savo vartotojų ir pajamų tikslų.
Įmonė siekė iki 2025 m. pabaigos pasiekti milijardą aktyvių „ChatGPT“ vartotojų
per savaitę – tikslo, kurio ji vis dar nepaskelbė, – ir matė, kaip vartotojai
perėjo pas konkurentus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Finansų direktorė Sarah Friar kolegoms vadovams sakė, kad
nerimauja dėl būsimų skaičiavimo sutarčių apmokėjimo esant dabartinei verslo
trajektorijai, priduria „The Journal“, o direktoriai iš naujo peržiūri duomenų
centrų planus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Altmanas ir Friar „The Journal“ sakė, kad bet koks teiginys,
jog bendrovė atsisakys investicijų į skaičiavimo galią, yra „absurdiškas“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pranešimai sustiprina susirūpinimą, kad „OpenAI“ praranda
pozicijas, nes „Google“ „Gemini“ ir ypač „Anthropic“ „Claude“ užima vis didesnę
rinkos dalį, ypač nepaprastai svarbioje įmonių rinkoje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praėjusią savaitę bendrovė pristatė dirbtinio intelekto
modelį, kuris, jos teigimu, daugeliu atvejų pranoksta lūkesčius. Ji taip pat
padvigubino pastangas, kad jos dirbtinio intelekto kodavimo įrankis „Codex“
būtų konkurencingesnis, palyginti su „Anthropic“ „Claude Code“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kodėl tai svarbu: „Altman“ prisiėmė labai brangius siekius
išplėsti bendrovės skaičiavimo pajėgumus. Tačiau „OpenAI“ turėjo atsisakyti
kurti savo didelius duomenų centrų klasterius, nes tam priešinosi potencialūs
skolintojai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jei ji dar labiau atsilieka nuo verslo tikslų, tai gali dar
labiau apriboti „OpenAI“ augimo iniciatyvas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„OpenAI“ jau rizikuoja atnaujindama savo santykius su
„Microsoft“, istoriškai didžiausia jos rėmėja. Abi bendrovės vakar pareiškė,
kad „OpenAI“ dabar galės laisvai teikti savo modelius kitiems debesijos
paslaugų teikėjams, tačiau taip pat nutrauks pagrindinį pajamų pasidalijimo
susitarimą su „Microsoft“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„OpenAI“ teigia, kad dabar turi daugiau verslo lankstumo.
Tačiau Martin Peers... „The Information“ suabejojo ​​šia prielaida, nes
neaišku, ar „Amazon“ AWS klientai norėtų pereiti nuo „Claude“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;O kaip dėl IPO? Atminkite, kad kai kurie vadovai nori iki
metų pabaigos paviešinti bendrovę. Ar tai vis dar įmanoma? („The Journal“
pranešime teigiama, kad su „OpenAI“ susijusių bendrovių, įskaitant „SoftBank“
ir „Oracle“, akcijos krito.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kitose dirbtinio intelekto naujienose: „The Information“
praneša, kad „Google“ pasirašė sutartį teikti dirbtinio intelekto paslaugas
įslaptintam Pentagono darbui, nepaisant darbuotojų susirūpinimo.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. DealBook: OpenAI’s big miss? New York Times (Online) New
York Times Company. Apr 28, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/6406790491481415715/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/6406790491481415715' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6406790491481415715'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6406790491481415715'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/openai-didziausia-nesekme.html' title='„OpenAI“ didžiausia nesėkmė?'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-1779123924930284144</id><published>2026-04-28T18:25:51.218-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T18:25:51.218-07:00</updated><title type='text'>OpenAI’s big miss?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Is OpenAI falling further behind?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Until yesterday, the conversation around OpenAI was about
Elon Musk’s lawsuit against the artificial intelligence giant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But OpenAI may have bigger problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;A new report raises questions about the ambitious spending
plans of its C.E.O., Sam Altman, and the company’s standing in the A.I. race.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;OpenAI has
missed its user and revenue targets, The Wall Street Journal reports, citing
anonymous sources. Internally, it had sought to hit one billion weekly active
ChatGPT users by the end of 2025, a goal it still hasn’t announced, and has
seen users defect to rivals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Sarah Friar, its C.F.O., has told fellow executives that
she’s worried about paying for future computing contracts at the current
business trajectory, The Journal adds, while directors have been re-examining
its data center plans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Altman and Friar told The Journal that any suggestion that
the company would pull back on computing power investments was “ridiculous.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The
reporting amplifies worries that OpenAI is losing ground, as Google’s Gemini
and especially Anthropic’s Claude take more market share, especially in the
hugely important enterprise market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The company last week introduced an A.I. model that it says
outperforms on many benchmarks. And it has redoubled efforts to make its Codex
A.I. coding tool more competitive against Anthropic’s Claude Code.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Why that matters: Altman has embraced hugely expensive
ambitions to expand the company’s computing capacity. But OpenAI has had to
pull back on building its own expansive data center clusters, given pushback
from potential lenders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;If it’s falling further behind on business goals, which
could further constrain OpenAI’s growth initiatives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;OpenAI is
already taking a risk by revamping its relationship with Microsoft,
historically its biggest backer. The two companies said yesterday that OpenAI
would now be free to provide its models on other cloud providers, but that it
also would trim a key revenue-sharing arrangement with Microsoft.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;OpenAI says
it now has more business flexibility. But Martin Peers of The Information
questioned that premise, since it’s unclear whether Amazon’s AWS customers
would be willing to switch over from Claude.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;What about the I.P.O.? Remember that some executives want to
take the company public by year end. Is that still possible? (Shares of
companies linked to OpenAI, including SoftBank and Oracle, were down on The
Journal’s report.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;In other A.I.
news: Google has signed a contract to provide A.I. services for classified
Pentagon work despite employees’ concerns, The Information reports.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. DealBook: OpenAI’s big miss? New York Times (Online) New
York Times Company. Apr 28, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/1779123924930284144/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/1779123924930284144' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1779123924930284144'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1779123924930284144'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/openais-big-miss.html' title='OpenAI’s big miss?'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-1017061968632788419</id><published>2026-04-28T17:47:34.910-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T21:00:35.963-07:00</updated><title type='text'> The Lithuanian economists who have been bought do not agree that Lithuanians are the poorest in the European Union:</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;After all, all Lithuanians are known thieves, they do not
pay taxes, pretend to work for pennies, but in reality we have never lived so
well.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;I do not think that we are bigger thieves than the Italians.
After all, we see that most of the money accumulated in banks belongs to a
minority of Lithuanians. Indeed, in Lithuania, more of the good we produce goes
to the profits of a minority. These economists themselves are thieves and
liars, which is why they rush to blame us. We elect them presidents in vain. &lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/1017061968632788419/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/1017061968632788419' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1017061968632788419'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/1017061968632788419'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/the-lithuanian-economists-who-have-been.html' title=' The Lithuanian economists who have been bought do not agree that Lithuanians are the poorest in the European Union:'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-277714600994846472</id><published>2026-04-28T17:45:40.561-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T20:59:07.708-07:00</updated><title type='text'> Nupirkti Lietuvos ekonomistai nesutinka, kad lietuviai yra skurdžiausi Europos Sąjungoje: </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Juk visi lietuviai yra žinomi vagys, nemoka mokesčių, apsimeta, kad dirba už centus, o realiai niekada taip gerai negyvenom.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nemanau, kad mes esame didesni vagys, negu italai. Matome juk, kad bankuose dauguma sukauptų pinigų priklauso mažumai lietuvių. Tikrai, Lietuvoje daugiau mūsų pagaminto gero nueina į mažumos pelnus. Šie ekonomistai patys yra vagys ir melagiai, todėl puolasi mus kaltinti. Veltui juos prezidentais renkame.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/277714600994846472/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/277714600994846472' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/277714600994846472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/277714600994846472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/nupirkti-lietuvos-ekonomistai-nesutinka.html' title=' Nupirkti Lietuvos ekonomistai nesutinka, kad lietuviai yra skurdžiausi Europos Sąjungoje: '/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4223872449328701501</id><published>2026-04-28T05:18:03.148-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T05:18:03.148-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Karas paskatino Carlsoną nesutarti su Trumpu --- Dešinųjų pažiūrų šalininkas teigia, kad Irano išpuolis rodo neokonservatorių ir Izraelio įtaką. Carlsonas teisus: karas Trumpui baigėsi blogai –  nes visiems klysti Artimuosiuose Rytuose yra žmogiška savybė, nėra gerai klysti daug kartų vienodai.</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Remiantis 2026 m. pradžios pranešimais, antroji prezidento
Donaldo Trumpo administracija susidūrė su dideliais iššūkiais ir kritika dėl
savo Artimųjų Rytų politikos, ypač dėl karinio konflikto su Iranu ir Gazos
konflikto valdymo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pagrindiniai 2026 m. įvykiai ir kritika: Irano karas ir
politikos nesėkmės: 2026 m. balandžio mėn. kritikai Trumpo administracijos
„karą Irane“ apibūdina kaip „strateginę nesėkmę“, pažymėdami, kad jis sukėlė
„šiuolaikinę pasitikėjimo krizę“ ir buvo prilygintas „geopolitinei klaidai“. Ši
politika labai rėmėsi JAV karinio jūrų laivyno blokada ir smūgiais, o pradinis
tikslas – pakeisti režimą – nebuvo pasiektas, todėl „beveik visos JAV
sąjungininkės visame pasaulyje suskaidė“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Žlunga diplomatija: Derybos, kuriomis siekta 2026 m.
pradžioje užbaigti karą Irane, žlugo, Iranui kaltinant JAV, o pranešimuose
nurodoma, kad po 21 valandos derybų Pakistane susitarimo pasiekti nepavyko.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Civilių aukos ir tarptautinė teisė: „Amnesty International“
dokumentavo 2026 m. kovo 16 d. įvykdytą išpuolį prieš mokyklą Minabe, Irane,
per kurį žuvo 156 žmonės, įskaitant daugiau nei 120 vaikų. Pranešimuose
nurodoma, kad administracija išreiškė „panieka tarptautinei teisei“ dėl civilių
gyventojų žalos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ekonominis dėmesys ir poveikis vidaus politikai: 2026 m.
balandžio mėn. atlikta apklausa parodė, kad 84 % JAV suaugusiųjų norėjo, jog
administracija sutelktų dėmesį į vidaus ekonomiką, o ne į užsienio politiką,
nes nerimaujama dėl infliacijos ir dujų kainų, kurias lemia konfliktas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Regioninių aljansų pokyčiai: Administracija apibūdinama kaip
sandorių šalininkė, stiprinanti ryšius su autokratiniais Saudo Arabijos ir
Turkijos lyderiais, tuo pačiu metu nustumiant į šalį tradicinius diplomatinius
procesus. Įvyko „ryžtingas perorientavimas“ į partnerystę ir investicijas su
Persijos įlankos regionu, nutolstant nuo ankstesnės JAV politikos, orientuotos
į demokratizaciją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Strategijos analizė: Analitikai teigia, kad administracijos
požiūris 2025–2026 m. pasižymėjo „nacionalinio saugumo biurokratijos
ištuštėjimu“ ir „ekspertizės nuvertinimu“. Strategijos tikslas buvo panaudoti
„maksimalų spaudimą“, kad būtų pasiekti greiti ir ryžtingi rezultatai, tačiau
tai lėmė užsitęsusį ir sudėtingą konfliktą. Nors šalininkai iš pradžių tikėjosi
greitos ir ryžtingos pergalės, kritikai teigia, kad politika „nepaisė
Palestinos pusės“ ir „lėmė smurtą ir sunaikinimą“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Praėjusį sausį prezidentas Trumpas netikėtai prisistatė
Baltuosiuose rūmuose, atkreipdamas daugiau nei dešimties naftos vadovų dėmesį į
draugą – nepatogiai atrodantį vyrą, įsispraudusį tarp personalo, sėdinčio Rytų
salės gale. „Čia yra Tuckeris Carlsonas“, – sakė prezidentas, pasak šaltinio
kambaryje. „Jis labai garsus konservatorius ir garsus WASP.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Buvęs „Fox News“ laidų vedėjas iš tiesų yra baltasis
anglosaksas protestantas. Jis taip pat kadaise buvo artimas prezidento
patarėjas ir patikėtinis. Dėl šios priežasties Trumpas tą dieną pakvietė jį į
Ovalųjį kabinetą, kur populistinis ugningas žmogus dalyvavo susitikime,
skirtame aptarti Venesuelos energetikos pramonės atkūrimo planus, praėjus vos
kelioms dienoms po to, kai JAV suėmė autoritarinį vadą Nicolas Maduro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlsonas priešinosi šiam konfliktui. Ir Carlsonas
priešinasi tam, kuris kilo po jo. Dabar jis yra ryškiausias Irano karo
priešininkas ir potenciali problema prezidentui, reikalaujančiam visiško
lojalumo. Draugystė, trukusi beveik dešimtmetį, tuo pačiu pertvarkiusi
šiuolaikinį konservatorių judėjimą, atrodo, sugriauta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Aš ne tai, kad nekenčiu Trumpo.“ „Nekenčiu šio karo ir krypties, kuria
eina JAV vyriausybė“, – sakė jis interviu. „Jaučiuosi išduotas.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kai kandidatas Trumpas pažadėjo „jokių naujų karų“, ypač
užsienio įsipainiojimų Artimuosiuose Rytuose, Carlsonas tai priėmė rimtai ir
tiesiogine prasme. Jo nuomone, prezidentą vėliau užvaldė neokonservatoriai ir
Izraelis, atsisakydamas pagrindinio savo politinės platformos principo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kodėl JAV vyriausybė negali veikti savo piliečių vardu?“ –
paklausė jis, prieš pridurdamas: „Tai kartų problema, kuri neprasidėjo nuo
Trumpo“ ir užbaigdamas: „Jei jau ką, Trumpas tiesiog įrodė, kad sistema yra
stipresnė už jį.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlsonas taip pat turi savo kritikų. Praėjusį spalį savo
vardinėje tinklalaidėje jis priėmė Holokausto neigėją Nicką Fuentesą ir
apkaltino Izraelį remiančius JAV politikus, kad jie patenka į pernelyg didelę
užsienio įtaką ir kenčia nuo „smegenų viruso“. Šis epizodas sukėlė kaltinimų
antisemitizmu ir kai kurių konservatorių reikalavimus išvaryti Carlsoną iš
dešiniųjų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlsonas mėnesius lobizavo Trumpą, tiek viešai, tiek
privačiai, prieš dar vieną karą Artimuosiuose Rytuose, tris kartus keliaudamas
į Baltuosius rūmus susitikti su prezidentu ir bet kuriuo paros metu
atsiliepdamas į jo skambučius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jam nepavyko. Tikslus laikas išsiskyrimui: „Vasario 28 d.“,
– sakė Carlsonas, turėdamas omenyje dieną, kai JAV ir Izraelis pradėjo oro
antskrydžius Iranui, per kuriuos žuvo ajatola Ali Khamenei ir atstūmė
konservatorius, kurie manė, kad „Pirmiausia Amerika“ reiškia jokių naujų karų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlsonas apibūdino vyrą, kuriam padėjo antrą kartą tapti
prezidentu, kaip žavų, protingą ir egzistencinę grėsmę savivaldai. „Trumpas,
deja, įrodė savo paties mintį, kad žmonės, vadovaujantys jūsų vyriausybei,
rūpinasi tik savimi“, – sakė jis. Kalbėdamas su liberaliems sluoksniams labiau
pažįstama retorika, jis pridūrė: „Taip galima valdyti autoritarinę sistemą.
Taip negalima valdyti liberalios demokratijos.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Trumpas susidūrė su nedideliu ilgalaikiu pasipriešinimu, nes
pertvarkė dešiniuosius pagal savo paveikslą. Išmušęs senąją respublikonų
gvardiją, jo kontrolė partijoje iš esmės yra visiškai baigta. Carlsonas,
populiariausias šalies konservatorių ekspertas, dabar yra antikarinės
frakcijos, skaldančios MAGA judėjimą, veidas. Jis signalizuoja, kad
nepaklusnumas, ypač kai kalbama apie esminį klausimą, dabar yra priimtinas. Dėl
to Trumpas jį pavadino „žemu intelekto koeficientu“. Carlsonas atsakė, kad
Trumpas tapo neokonservatorių „vergu“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dabar tremtyje „Trump World“, Carlsonas vis dažniau abejoja
MAGA ir prezidentu, kuris pradėjo visą „America First“ projektą, o vėliau
praėjusiais metais interviu „Atlantic“ pripažino, kad jis „yra tas, kuris
nusprendžia“ jo prasmę. Jei „America First“ yra prezidento nuojauta, o ne
principų rinkinys, sakė Carlsonas, „tada, žinoma, kiekvienas padorus žmogus
turi jį atmesti, nes mes negarbiname vyrų. Mes negalime. Tai stabmeldystė“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Trumpo sąjungininkai kaltina Carlsoną ir antisemitizmu, ir
oportunizmu. Laura Loomer pavadino jį „psichiškai nesveiku“ ir spėliojo, kad
Carlsoną nupirko užsienio valstybės. Jo buvęs kolega iš „Fox News“ Markas
Levinas pavadino jį „marksistiniu-islamistiniu kairiuoju“. Carlsonas atmeta
visus kaltinimus. „Aš nesu mulos šalininkas“, – pajuokavo jis, – „esu
episkopalininkas“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Susiskaldymas tapo oficialus praėjusią savaitę išleistoje
Carlsono tinklalaidės serijoje. Kartu su savo broliu Buckley, buvusiu Trumpo
kalbų rašytoju, jis beveik šešiems milijonams prenumeratorių pareiškė, kad
grumiasi su savo sąžine, prognozavo, kad jį kankins parama karo laikų
prezidentui, ir sakė, kad nori pasakyti: „Atsiprašau, kad suklaidinau žmones“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Baltieji rūmai atkirto, pažymėdami, kad abi sėkmingos Trumpo
prezidento rinkimų kampanijos apėmė aiškius pažadus neleisti Iranui įsigyti
branduolinio ginklo. „Kiekvienas, kuris tvirtina esąs konservatorius ir sako,
kad gailisi balsavęs už prezidentą Trumpą, o ne už Kamalą Harris“, – sakė
Baltųjų rūmų spaudos sekretorė Karoline Leavitt, – „yra arba kvailys, arba
apgavikas“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlsonas stengėsi už prezidentą, o vėliau veikė
užkulisiuose. Būtent Carlsonas kartu su Donaldu Trumpu jaunesniuoju ir velioniu
Charlie Kirku sėkmingai įtikino Trumpą pasirinkti JD Vance&#39;ą savo kandidatu į
viceprezidentus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Po to, kai JAV praėjusį birželį subombardavo Iraną, kad
išardytų jo branduolinę programą, Carlsonas ir Kirkas bandė įtikinti Trumpą
neeskaluoti oro smūgių prieš Irano branduolinius objektus į plataus masto karą.
Carlsonas šių metų pradžioje atnaujino šias pastangas. „Čarlio nebuvo šalia“, –
apie nužudytą politinį aktyvistą sakė Carlsonas, – „todėl jaučiau moralinę
pareigą tai padaryti pats“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Išsiskyrimas įvyko palaipsniui, o paskui staiga. Vasario
mėnesį Carlsonas įžengė į Ovalųjį kabinetą, netrukus po to, kai Izraelyje baigė
prieštaringą interviu su JAV ambasadoriumi Mike&#39;u Huckabee. Ant „Resolute“
stalo gulėjo evangelisto Franklino Grahamo laiškas. „Jis sako, kad esate
antisemitas“, – jam pasakė prezidentas, pasak Carlsono, kuris kaltinimą neigia.
Trumpas klausėsi, kaip jo senas draugas pasisakė prieš dar vieną karą
Artimuosiuose Rytuose. Trumpas neprieštaravo, bet atrodė „liūdnas ir susitaikęs“,
pasak Carlsono, kuris sakė, kad du vyrai nuo to laiko nekalbėjo.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. U.S. News: War Drives Carlson Split With Trump ---
Right-wing firebrand says the Iran attack shows influence by neocons and Israel.
Wegmann, Philip.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 28 Apr
2026: A6.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4223872449328701501/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4223872449328701501' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4223872449328701501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4223872449328701501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/karas-paskatino-carlsona-nesutarti-su.html' title='Karas paskatino Carlsoną nesutarti su Trumpu --- Dešinųjų pažiūrų šalininkas teigia, kad Irano išpuolis rodo neokonservatorių ir Izraelio įtaką. Carlsonas teisus: karas Trumpui baigėsi blogai –  nes visiems klysti Artimuosiuose Rytuose yra žmogiška savybė, nėra gerai klysti daug kartų vienodai.'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-2012893347699078068</id><published>2026-04-28T05:13:07.017-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T05:13:07.018-07:00</updated><title type='text'>War Drives Carlson Split With Trump --- Right-wing firebrand says the Iran attack shows influence by neocons and Israel. Carlson is right: The war went badly for Trump – for America, as for everyone to err in the Middle East is a human feature, is not good though to err many times the same way</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Based on reports from early 2026, the second administration
of President Donald Trump has faced significant challenges and criticism
regarding its Middle East policy, particularly concerning a military conflict
with Iran and its handling of the Gaza conflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Key Developments and Criticisms in 2026:Iran War and Policy
Failures: As of April 2026, critics describe the Trump administration&#39;s
&quot;war in Iran&quot; as a &quot;strategic failure&quot;, noting it has
caused a &quot;modern crisis of confidence&quot; and has been likened to
&quot;geopolitical blunder&quot;. The policy relied heavily on a U.S. naval
blockade and strikes, with an initial goal of regime change that was not
achieved, leading instead to a &quot;fracturing of almost all U.S. alliances
globally&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Failed Diplomacy: Talks aimed at ending the Iran war in
early 2026 failed, with Iran blaming the U.S. and reports indicating that after
21 hours of talks in Pakistan, no agreement was reached.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Civilian Casualties and International Law: Amnesty
International documented an attack on a school in Minab, Iran, on March 16,
2026, that killed 156 people, including over 120 children. Reports indicate the
administration expressed &quot;contempt for international law&quot; regarding
civilian harm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Economic Focus and Domestic Impact: An April 2026 poll
indicated that 84% of U.S. adults wanted the administration to focus on the
domestic economy rather than foreign policy, amid concerns over inflation and
gas prices driven by the conflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Shift in Regional Alliances: The administration has been
characterized as transactional, strengthening ties with autocratic leaders in
Saudi Arabia and Turkey while sidelining traditional diplomatic processes.
There has been a &quot;decided reorientation&quot; toward partnership and
investment with the Gulf, moving away from previous U.S. policies focused on
democratization.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Analysis of Strategy:Analysts have suggested that the
administration&#39;s approach in 2025–2026 has been marked by a &quot;hollowing out
of the national security bureaucracy&quot; and a &quot;devaluation of
expertise&quot;. The strategy aimed to use &quot;maximum pressure&quot; to
achieve quick, decisive results but has instead led to a prolonged and
challenging conflict. While proponents initially hoped for a quick, decisive
victory, critics argue that the policy &quot;disregarded for the Palestinian
side&quot; and &quot;led to violence and destruction&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“President Trump made an unexpected introduction at the
White House last January, directing the attention of more than a dozen oil
executives to a friend -- an uncomfortable-looking man wedged between the staff
seated at the back of the East Room. &quot;Tucker Carlson is here,&quot; the
president said, according to a source in the room. &quot;He&#39;s a very famous
conservative and famous WASP.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The former Fox News host is, indeed, a white Anglo-Saxon
Protestant. He was also once a close adviser and confidant of the president. It
was the reason Trump had invited him into the Oval Office that day, where the
populist firebrand sat in on a meeting to discuss plans for rebuilding the
Venezuelan energy industry just days after the U.S. capture of strongman
Nicolas Maduro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Carlson
opposed that conflict. And Carlson opposes the one that followed it. He is now
the most prominent opponent of the Iran war and a potential problem for a
president who demands total loyalty. A friendship that lasted nearly a decade,
remaking the modern conservative movement in the process, seems shattered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;I
don&#39;t hate Trump. I hate this war and the direction that the U.S. government is
taking,&quot; he said in an interview. &quot;I feel betrayed.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;When
candidate Trump promised &quot;no new wars,&quot; particularly foreign
entanglements in the Middle East, Carlson took him both seriously and
literally. In his view, the president has subsequently been captured by
neoconservatives and Israel, abandoning a core tenet of his political platform.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;Why
can&#39;t the U.S. government act on behalf of its own citizens?&quot; he asked
before adding, &quot;This is a generational problem that didn&#39;t start with
Trump&quot; and concluding, &quot;If anything, Trump just proved the system was
stronger than him.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlson isn&#39;t without his own critics. He hosted a Holocaust
denier, Nick Fuentes, on his eponymous podcast last October and accused U.S.
politicians who support Israel of falling under undue foreign influence and
suffering from &quot;a brain virus.&quot; The episode elicited allegations of
antisemitism and demands from some conservatives to banish Carlson from the
right.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Carlson had
lobbied Trump for months, both publicly and privately, against another war in
the Middle East, traveling three times to the White House to meet with the
president and fielding calls from him at all hours.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;He failed.
The exact time of the split: &quot;February 28th,&quot; Carlson said, referring
to the day the U.S. and Israel launched airstrikes on Iran that killed
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and alienated conservatives who believed that
&quot;America First&quot; meant no new wars.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Carlson described the man he helped make president a second
time as charming, intelligent and an existential threat to self-government.
&quot;Trump has proven his own point, unfortunately, which is that the people
running your government are only about themselves,&quot; he said. With rhetoric
more familiar to liberal circles, he added, &quot;You can run an authoritarian
system that way. You cannot run a liberal democracy that way.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Trump faced
little lasting opposition as he remade the right in his image. After
dispatching the GOP old guard, his control of the party is largely complete.
Carlson, the country&#39;s most popular conservative pundit, is now the face of an
antiwar faction that is fracturing the MAGA movement. He is signaling that
defiance, particularly when it comes to a core issue, is now acceptable. For
this, Trump has called him &quot;low IQ.&quot; Carlson replied that Trump has
become &quot;the slave&quot; of the neoconservatives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Now an exile
in Trump World, Carlson increasingly questions MAGA and the president who
launched entire America First project and then admitted, in an interview with
the Atlantic last year, that he is &quot;the one that decides&quot; its
meaning. If America First is the gut instinct of the president, instead of a
set of principles, Carlson said, &quot;then of course every decent person has
to reject it because we don&#39;t worship men. We can&#39;t. That is idolatry.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Trump allies accuse Carlson of both antisemitism and
opportunism. Laura Loomer has called him &quot;mentally ill&quot; and
speculated that Carlson had been bought off by foreign powers. Mark Levin, his
former Fox News colleague, dubbed him &quot;a Marxist-Islamist leftist.&quot;
Carlson rejects all the charges. &quot;I am not pro-mullah,&quot; he quipped,
&quot;I am an Episcopalian.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The disunion
became official during an episode of Carlson&#39;s podcast released last week.
Joined by his brother, Buckley, a former Trump speechwriter, he told his nearly
six million subscribers that he was wrestling with his conscience, predicted
that he would be tormented by his support for the wartime president, and said
that he wanted to say, &quot;I&#39;m sorry for misleading people.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The White House pushed back by noting that both of Trump&#39;s
successful presidential campaigns included explicit promises to keep Iran from
obtaining a nuclear weapon. &quot;Anyone who claims to be a conservative and
says they regret voting for President Trump over Kamala Harris,&quot; said
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt, &quot;is either a fool or a
fraud.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Carlson
stumped for the president, then played a hand behind the scenes. It was
Carlson, along with Donald Trump Jr. and the late Charlie Kirk, who together
successfully lobbied Trump to pick JD Vance as his running mate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;After the
U.S. bombed Iran last June to dismantle its nuclear program, Carlson and Kirk
tried to convince Trump not to escalate airstrikes against Iranian nuclear
facilities into a full-scale war. Carlson resumed that effort early this year.
&quot;Charlie was not around,&quot; Carlson said of the murdered political
activist, &quot;so I felt a moral obligation to do it myself.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The breakup occurred gradually, then suddenly. Carlson
walked into the Oval Office in February, shortly after wrapping a contentious
interview in Israel with U.S. Ambassador Mike Huckabee. A letter from the
evangelist Franklin Graham was lying on the Resolute Desk. &quot;He says you
are an antisemite,&quot; the president told him, according to Carlson, who
denies the charge. Trump listened as his old friend argued against another war
in the Middle East. Trump didn&#39;t counter but looked &quot;sad and resigned,&quot;
according to Carlson, who said the two men haven&#39;t spoken since.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. U.S. News: War Drives Carlson Split With Trump ---
Right-wing firebrand says the Iran attack shows influence by neocons and Israel.
Wegmann, Philip.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 28 Apr
2026: A6.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/2012893347699078068/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/2012893347699078068' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2012893347699078068'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2012893347699078068'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/war-drives-carlson-split-with-trump.html' title='War Drives Carlson Split With Trump --- Right-wing firebrand says the Iran attack shows influence by neocons and Israel. Carlson is right: The war went badly for Trump – for America, as for everyone to err in the Middle East is a human feature, is not good though to err many times the same way'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-3110905578337731594</id><published>2026-04-28T04:37:47.864-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T04:37:47.865-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Prekybos karas naikina konkurentus Fordui ir GM: užsienio prekių ženklai teigia, kad pigiems automobiliams gresia prekybos karas</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot;
  DefSemiHidden=&quot;false&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;
  LatentStyleCount=&quot;376&quot;&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footer&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;page number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;macro&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Prekybos karas naikina konkurentus Fordui ir GM: užsienio prekių ženklai teigia, kad pigiems automobiliams
gresia prekybos karas&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Užsienio automobilių gamintojai perspėjo Trumpo
administraciją, kad jie svarsto galimybę ištraukti pigiausius savo automobilių
modelius iš JAV rinkos, jei JAV, Meksikos ir Kanados susitarimas nebus
atnaujintas arba bus susilpnintas, teigia su diskusijomis susipažinę asmenys.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tokios įmonės kaip „Nissan“, „Hyundai“ ir „Toyota“ yra
vienos iš nedaugelio automobilių gamintojų, siūlančių JAV vartotojams naujus
mažų, įperkamų automobilių modelius po to, kai Detroito automobilių gamintojai
pastaraisiais metais atsisakė tokių automobilių ir pasirinko visureigius bei
sunkvežimius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tokie automobiliai kaip „Honda Civic“ ir „Toyota Corolla“
gaminami JAV, tačiau jiems reikalingos dalys iš visų trijų Šiaurės Amerikos
šalių. Prezidentas Trumpas 2020 m. pasirašė USMCA ir suteikė bemuitį režimą
automobiliams, daugiausia pagamintiems iš JAV, Meksikos ar Kanados dalių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau Trumpas, įvesdamas antrosios kadencijos mokesčius,
kuriais taikomas 25 % tarifas ne JAV pagamintų transporto priemonių turiniui,
sumažino užsienio automobilių gamintojų pelną. kurie anksčiau būtų laikomi
neapmokestinamais produktais pagal USMCA susitarimą. Trumpas teigė, kad
mokesčiai reikalingi nacionaliniam saugumui, o jo komanda viešai svarstė
galimybę atsisakyti USMCA arba padalinti jį į du atskirus susitarimus,
vyriausybėms šiais metais peržiūrint susitarimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Baltųjų rūmų atstovas Kushas Desai teigė, kad
administracijos strategija atkurti gamybą apima „atsikvėpimo erdvės“ suteikimą
įmonėms, kurios šiuo metu perkelia savo gamybą į Jungtines Valstijas. Jis sakė:
„Kol administracija toliau peržiūri USMCA, automobilių gamintojai, norintys
parduoti automobilius Amerikos vairuotojams, turi susitaikyti su poreikiu
perkelti savo gamybą atgal į Jungtines Valstijas, o administracija ruošiasi
dereguliavimui, mokesčių mažinimui ir kitai investicijoms palankiai politikai,
kad paremtų šį perėjimą.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau jei USMCA nebeegzistuoja arba atnaujinta versija
reikšmingai nesumažins Šiaurės Amerikoje pagamintų automobilių ir automobilių
dalių tarifų, kai kurie užsienio automobilių gamintojai gali nebegalėti gaminti
ir parduoti pigesnių automobilių JAV rinkai, teigė su diskusijomis susipažinę
asmenys. Ši žinia buvo perduota Trumpo ekonomikos patarėjams, remiantis žmonių
pranešimais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„JAV „Automobilių gamintojai negali toliau gaminti įperkamų
variantų Amerikos vartotojams be trišalio USMCA teikiamo tikrumo ir masto“, –
sakė Jennifer Safavian, „Autos Drive America“, užsienio automobilių gamintojų
prekybos grupės JAV, prezidentė ir generalinė direktorė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vidutinė naujo automobilio kaina svyruoja apie 50 000 USD.
Prie prieinamesnių variantų priskiriami Meksikoje pagamintas „Nissan Sentra“,
kurio kaina prasideda nuo 22 600 USD, ir iš Korėjos importuotas „Hyundai
Venue“, kurio kaina siekia 20 550 USD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Aštuoni iš dešimties pigiausių naujų modelių JAV yra
pagaminti užsienio automobilių gamintojų, teigia internetinis automobilių
pirkimo vadovas „Edmunds“. Kiti du yra maži visureigiai, kuriuos Korėjoje
gamina „General Motors“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Trumpo komanda kol kas neįsipareigojo taikyti betarifinio
režimo automobiliams peržiūrėtoje USMCA. Administracijos pareigūnai teigė, kad
bet koks atnaujintas USMCA susitarimas turi apimti griežtesnes automobilių
taisykles, kurios apribotų kiniškas dalis atitinkamuose automobiliuose ir
reikalautų, kad daugiau automobilių ir dalių gamybos grįžtų į JAV.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tačiau
užsienio automobilių gamintojai teigia, kad jie jau patiria nuostolių dėl
daugelio pigiausių savo modelių, iš dalies dėl antros Trumpo kadencijos tarifų.
Kai kurie vadovai teigė, kad automobilių dalių, pagamintų automobilių ir
metalų, tokių kaip plienas ir aliuminis, mokesčiai kartu su didesnėmis darbo ir
kitomis sąnaudomis JAV automobilių gamintojams tapo nepelninga gaminti
pigiausius modelius šalyje.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Muitai „žudo mūsų įperkamus automobilius“, – neseniai
duotame interviu sakė „Nissan Americas“ pirmininkas Christianas Meunier.
Susitarimas dėl USMCA padės sumažinti skausmą, sakė jis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Toyota“ kaupia nuostolius Šiaurės Amerikoje nuo praėjusių
metų, kai įsigaliojo tarifai. Automobilių gamintojas, kuris teigė, kad per
ateinantį dešimtmetį planuoja išleisti iki 10 mlrd. dolerių naujoms gamykloms
JAV, atsargiai vertina didelį dabartinės prekybos aplinkos plėtrą, sakė JAV
pardavimų vadovas Davidas Christas. „Sunku pasakyti: „Išmeskime tuos 2–3 mlrd.
dolerių dabar“, kol negausime kažkokio susitarimo“, – sakė jis. „USMCA yra
tarsi kitas didelis etapas.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Honda“ teigė, kad ir be prekybos susitarimo toliau
pardavinės kompaktišką „Civic“ JAV, tačiau tai padaryti būtų ekonomiškiau, jei
nebūtų užtikrinta laisva prekyba tarp Šiaurės Amerikos šalių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„USMCA pratęsimas suteiktų reikiamą stabilumą Japonijos
automobilių gamintojams, kad jie galėtų ir toliau teikti vartotojams platesnį
pasirinkimą“, – sakė Anita Rajan, Japonijos automobilių gamintojų asociacijos,
prekybos grupės, generalinė direktorė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Administracija suteikė automobilių gamintojams tam tikrų
ribotų tarifų lengvatų, pavyzdžiui, leido jiems susigrąžinti dalį už dalis
sumokėtų tarifų. Praėjusią savaitę administracija leido Kanados ir Meksikos
plieno ir aliuminio įmonėms, tiekiančioms automobilių pramonę, kreiptis dėl
mažesnių tarifų, jei jos įsipareigos statyti daugiau gamybos įrenginių JAV.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Automobilių gamintojai skundžiasi, kad šios priemonės
išlieka siauros, o jų tarifų sąskaitos toliau auga. Jie teigia, kad nuolatiniai
muitai Kanadoje ir Meksikoje pagamintiems automobiliams sudaro jiems nepalankią
padėtį, palyginti su įperkamais automobilių modeliais, pagamintais Japonijoje
ir Pietų Korėjoje, kuriems taikomas 15 % muitas, tačiau kurių gamyba dažnai
kainuoja mažiau.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;JAV prekybos atstovas Jamiesonas Greeris praėjusią savaitę
Atstovų Rūmų įstatymų leidėjams sakė, kad JAV gali įvesti tarifus Kanadai dėl
JAV alkoholinių gėrimų draudimų kai kuriose provincijose, kurie buvo įvesti
reaguojant į Trumpo mokesčius. Praėjusią savaitę Greeris Meksikos pareigūnams
susitikimuose sakė, kad tam tikras tarifų lygis greičiausiai išliks
peržiūrėtame USMCA, teigia su šiuo klausimu susipažinęs Meksikos pareigūnas.
Praėjusią savaitę Kanados prekybos vadovas teigė, kad norint atnaujinti USMCA,
reikės atleisti nuo tarifų automobiliams, plienui, aliuminiui ir kitiems
sektoriams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Meksikos ekonomikos vadovas praėjusią savaitę pareiškė, kad
jo šalis neturėtų „nostalgiškai džiaugtis“ era be muitų ir vietoj to dirbti
ties tuo, kaip sumažinti bet kokius mokesčius, kuriuos JAV nori įvesti.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Cheap Cars At Risk in Trade War, Foreign Brands Say. Sharon
Terlep in Detroit; Bade, Gavin.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New
York, N.Y.. 28 Apr 2026: A1.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/3110905578337731594/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/3110905578337731594' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3110905578337731594'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3110905578337731594'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/prekybos-karas-naikina-konkurentus.html' title='Prekybos karas naikina konkurentus Fordui ir GM: užsienio prekių ženklai teigia, kad pigiems automobiliams gresia prekybos karas'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8060404573072045080</id><published>2026-04-28T04:29:55.495-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-28T04:44:53.843-07:00</updated><title type='text'>  Trade War Is Destroying Competitors for Ford and GM: Cheap Cars At Risk in Trade War, Foreign Brands Say</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;While Ford and GM get a temporary reprieve from immediate
competition, the tariff-driven spike in production costs for their own imported
parts is hampering their profitability, with analysts indicating that the
&quot;made-in-America&quot; strategy is not insulating them from rising costs. Their profitability selling all those trucks and SUVs is pretty high though.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Foreign-based automakers have warned the Trump
administration that they are looking at pulling their cheapest car models out
of the U.S. market if the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement isn&#39;t renewed or is
watered down, according to people familiar with the discussions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Companies such as Nissan, Hyundai and Toyota are among the
few carmakers to offer U.S. consumers new models of small, affordable
automobiles after Detroit-based automakers ditched such cars in recent years in
favor of SUVs and trucks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Cars like the Honda Civic and Toyota Corolla are made in the
U.S., but rely on parts from all three North American countries. President
Trump signed the USMCA in 2020 and provided tariff-free treatment to cars built
largely with U.S., Mexican or Canadian parts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Trump,
however, has upended supply chains and cut into foreign automakers&#39; profits
with his second-term levies, which charge a 25% tariff on the non-U.S. content
of vehicles that previously would have qualified as duty-free under the USMCA
deal. Trump has said the levies are needed for national security, and his team
has publicly considered ditching the USMCA or splitting it into two separate
deals as the governments review the agreement this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;White House spokesman Kush Desai said the administration&#39;s
strategy to restore manufacturing includes giving &quot;breathing room&quot; to
companies that are in the process of reshoring. He said: &quot;While the
administration continues to review USMCA, automakers who want to sell to
American drivers need to come to terms with the need to reshore their
manufacturing back to the United States -- and the administration is rolling
out the red carpet with deregulation, tax cuts, and other pro-investment policies
to support this transition.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;But if USMCA
no longer exists or a renewed version doesn&#39;t significantly reduce tariffs on
cars and auto parts made in North America, some foreign carmakers might not be
able to build and sell the cheaper cars for the U.S. market, the people
familiar with the discussions said. That message has been communicated to
Trump&#39;s economic advisers, according to the people.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;U.S. automakers cannot continue to produce affordable
options for American consumers without the certainty and scale provided by a
trilateral USMCA,&quot; said Jennifer Safavian, president and chief executive
of Autos Drive America, a trade group for foreign automakers in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The average
price of a new car hovers around $50,000. More affordable options include the
Mexico-built Nissan Sentra, starting at $22,600, and the $20,550 Hyundai Venue,
imported from Korea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Eight of the
10 cheapest new models in the U.S. are made by foreign-based automakers,
according to Edmunds, an online car-shopping guide. The other two are small
SUVs made by General Motors in Korea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Trump&#39;s team
so far has not committed to providing tariff-free treatment for automobiles in
a revised USMCA. Administration officials have said that any renewed USMCA deal
must have tougher automobile rules that limit Chinese parts in qualifying cars
and require more automobile and parts manufacturing to return to the U.S.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Foreign
automakers, however, say they are already losing money on many of their
cheapest models, thanks in part to Trump&#39;s second-term tariffs. Levies on auto
parts, finished automobiles and metals such as steel and aluminum have combined
with higher labor and other costs in the U.S. to make it unprofitable for
automakers to build their cheapest models in the country, some executives have
said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tariffs have been &quot;killing our affordable cars,&quot;
Nissan Americas Chairman Christian Meunier said in a recent interview. A deal
on USMCA will help ease the pain, he said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Toyota has been racking up losses in North America since
tariffs took effect last year. The automaker, which has said it plans to spend
up to $10 billion on new U.S. factories in the next decade, is wary about a
major expansion in the current trade environment, U.S. sales chief David Christ
said. &quot;It&#39;s hard to say, &#39;let&#39;s throw that $2-$3 billion down right now,&#39;
until you get some sort of a settlement,&quot; he said. &quot;USMCA is kind of
the next big milestone.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Honda said it would continue selling the compact Civic in
the U.S. even without a trade deal, but that the economics of doing so would
become more difficult without the certainty of free trade among North American
nations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;Extending the USMCA would provide the necessary
stability for Japanese-brand automakers to continue to provide a wider variety
of choices to consumers,&quot; said Anita Rajan, general director of the Japan
Automobile Manufacturers Association, a trade group.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The administration has provided some limited tariff relief
to automakers, such as allowing them to recoup some of the tariffs they pay on
parts. Last week, the administration allowed Canadian and Mexican steel and
aluminum companies that supply the auto industry to apply for lower tariffs if
they commit to build more manufacturing facilities in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Carmakers
complain that those measures remain narrow and their tariff bills continue to
mount. They argue that persisting duties on cars made in Canada and Mexico put
them at a disadvantage compared with affordable vehicle models made in Japan
and South Korea -- which are subject to a 15% duty but often cost less to
build.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told House
lawmakers last week that the U.S. could impose tariffs on Canada due to bans on
U.S. liquor in some provinces that were put in place in response to Trump&#39;s
levies. Greer told Mexican officials in meetings last week that some level of
tariffs are likely to persist in a revised USMCA, according to a Mexican
official familiar with the matter. Last week, Canada&#39;s trade chief said relief
from tariffs on automobiles, steel, aluminum and other sectors would be necessary
to renew the USMCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Mexico&#39;s economy chief said last week his country shouldn&#39;t
be &quot;nostalgic&quot; about an era of no tariffs, and instead is working on
how to reduce any levies the U.S. wants to impose.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. Cheap Cars At Risk in Trade War, Foreign Brands Say. Sharon
Terlep in Detroit; Bade, Gavin.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New
York, N.Y.. 28 Apr 2026: A1.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8060404573072045080/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8060404573072045080' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8060404573072045080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8060404573072045080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/cheap-cars-at-risk-in-trade-war-foreign.html' title='  Trade War Is Destroying Competitors for Ford and GM: Cheap Cars At Risk in Trade War, Foreign Brands Say'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-5649739864218772935</id><published>2026-04-27T19:41:30.073-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T19:41:30.073-07:00</updated><title type='text'>„Įsivaizduokite pirmąjį įtikinamą įrodymą, kad ateiviai egzistuoja.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ar tai suakmenėję Marso mikrobai, gyvenę prieš milijardus
metų, kai kaimyninė planeta buvo drėgnesnis, šiltesnis pasaulis? Galbūt tai
vandens organizmai – nežemiški galvakojai moliuskai – kurie klesti tamsiose
išorinės Saulės sistemos ledinių mėnulių jūrose. O gal tolima civilizacija nori
bendrauti ir gali sukurti aptinkamą technologiją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Netrukus galėtume rasti įrodymų kiekvienai iš šių galimybių
– ir kitoms, apie kurias net nesapnavome. Šiandien naujos priemonės ir metodai
padeda mokslininkams ieškoti nežemiškos biologijos mūsų Saulės sistemoje ir
aplink kitas žvaigždes skriejančių planetų atmosferose, taip pat ieškoti
nežemiškos įrangos pėdsakų bet kur.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Tai didelis dangus, ir jūs turite skirti laiko, kad
būtumėte atviri tam, kas pasirodys“, – sako Jamesas Davenportas, Vašingtono
universiteto astronomas. „Kiekvieną kartą, kai įjungiame ką nors naujo, 100 %
garantuojama, kad iškils anomalijų ar paslapčių.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ar egzistuoja ateiviai, yra amžina manija. Prieš daugiau nei
2000 metų tarp atomizmo filosofų, kurie manė, kad kosmosą sudaro begalybė
atomų, išsidėsčiusių į begalinius pasaulius, kai kurie apgyvendinti kaip mūsų,
ir tų, kurie manė, kad Žemė yra unikali, vyko diskusija. Per šimtmečius
panašios ateivių prieglobsčio sampratos augo mistikų ir mokslininkų protuose,
kartais sukeldamos lemtingus susidūrimus su dominuojančiomis religinėmis
doktrinomis. Galiausiai mokslas išslydo iš erezijos pančių, o astronomai pakeitė
mūsų supratimą apie Žemės vietą kosmose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1890-aisiais ilgai brandintos svajonės apie apgyvendintą
Marsą rado atramą JAV, kurias pakurstė turtingas astronomas Percivalis
Lowellas, pastatęs Arizonos observatoriją. Ten Lowellas įtikino save, kad
ateivių pastatyti kanalai raižo Marso paviršių, nors kiekvienas, stebėjęs Marsą
panašiu teleskopu, žino, kad sunku daug ką pamatyti. visiškai detalių. Tačiau
Lowello piešiniai (ir knygos) įžiebė visuomenės vaizduotę. XX amžiaus pradžios
ryškesni teleskopai ir planetų fotografija numalšino gandus apie protingus
nežemiškus kaimynus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šiandien žinome, kad mūsų galaktikoje gyvena milijardai
planetų; kad vidutiniškai, naktį pažvelgus į viršų, kiekviena žvaigždė, kurią
matome, turi bent vieną planetą. Šimtai milijonų tokių pasaulių pagal mūsų
standartus galėtų būti tinkami gyventi. O gyvybės statybiniai blokai –
nukleobazės, aminorūgštys, angliavandeniliai – yra beveik visur, kur tik
pažvelgiame. Tačiau dar nežinome, ar pati gyvybė yra įprasta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Mūsų Saulės sistemoje mokslininkai vis dar tyrinėja Marsą ir
planuoja tyrinėti ledinius vandenyno palydovus, tokius kaip Europa, Enceladas
ir Titanas, kurie skrieja aplink Jupiterį ir Saturną ir gali turėti gyvybei
klestėti reikalingų ingredientų. NASA „Dragonfly“ misija į Titaną išskris jau
2028 m., o agentūros erdvėlaivis „Europa Clipper“ į Jupiterio sistemą atvyks
2030 m. Šiuo metu Marse važinėja marsaeigiai, bandydami išsiaiškinti, ar gyvybė
egzistavo anksčiau nei... prieš tris milijardus metų, kai planeta buvo šiltesnė
ir drėgnesnė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Gali būti rasta viliojančių senovės Marso gyvybės pėdsakų.
Išdžiūvusioje upės vagoje yra uoliena su ką tik išgręžta skyle – NASA
marsaeigio „Perseverance“, kuris 2021 m. nusileido Jezero krateryje, rankų
darbas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;2024 m. liepą pastebėtas rausvas molio akmuo turi organinių
junginių ir kitų mineralų, kurie galėjo palaikyti praeities mikrobinius
marsiečius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Molito akmens paviršius padengtas geležies turtingų nuosėdų
sankaupomis, beveik kaip leopardo dėmės, kuriose gali būti senovės gyvybės
pirštų atspaudų. Žinoma, yra ir kitų būdų, kaip išvirti tas dėmes, tačiau tam
reikalinga aukšta temperatūra, kurios uoliena tikriausiai niekada nepatyrė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Remiantis turima informacija, gyvybė yra vienas iš
labiausiai tikėtinų būdų, kaip tai gauti“, – sako Morganas Cable&#39;as iš Planetų
mokslo instituto, ne pelno siekiančio tyrimų instituto Arizonoje. „Tai pats
taupiausias paaiškinimas, bet jis gali būti ne vienintelis.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tikrai to nežinosime, kol tas išgręžtas uolienų mėginys
pasiekia laboratorijas Žemėje. NASA Marso mėginių grąžinimo misija turėjo tai
padaryti 2030-aisiais, tačiau misija tapo pernelyg išsipūtusi ir brangi.
Kongresas neseniai nurodė NASA nutraukti MSR, kaip buvo numatyta. Dabar tyrėjai
ieško ekonomiškesnio būdo pargabenti tas uolienas namo, sako buvęs misijos
vyriausiasis mokslininkas Meenakshi Wadhwa. „Bent jau trumpuoju laikotarpiu šie
mėginiai tikrai yra geriausia mūsų galimybė atsakyti į šį klausimą apie
gyvybę“, – sako Wadhwa, kuris dabar vadovauja Scrippso okeanografijos
institutui.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Už mūsų Saulės sistemos ribų mokslininkai siekia ieškoti
egzoplanetų – pasaulių, skriejančių aplink kitas žvaigždes – atmosferose
molekulių, kurios išduoda biologijos buvimą. Tai gali skambėti paprastai, bet
taip nėra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Iš tikrųjų nėra nė vieno ženklo, &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;kas gali rodyti gyvybę“, – sako Lisa
Kaltenegger, Kornelio universiteto astronomė. Vietoj to, mokslininkai tirs
dujas, egzistuojančias tokiu būdu, kurio negalima paaiškinti vien geologija.
Pavyzdžiui, metanas ir deguonis paprastai reaguoja tarpusavyje, sudarydami
anglies dioksidą ir vandenį. Jei jas matote kartu, pasak Kaltenegger, tai gali
reikšti, kad metabolinės krosnys gamina abu išmatuojamais kiekiais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kad įsitikintų, kad dujos rodo gyvybę, mokslininkai turi
sukurti tikslinių pasaulių modelius, kad suprastų planetų kontekstą, kuriame
egzistuoja potencialus biologinis parašas. Priešingu atveju jie rizikuoja
pateikti sensacingus teiginius, kurie neturi prasmės. „Prieš dvidešimt
penkerius metus niekas negalėjo paleisti tokių klimato modelių ar šių didžiulių
atmosferų simuliacijų“, – sako Davenport. „Dabar įprastai sukurti ledinę Žemę,
jauną Žemę, lavos planetą – tai didžiulės technologinės inovacijos.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Taip pat ir įrankiai, kuriuos mokslininkai naudoja
nežemiškam orui tirti. Šiuo metu tai reiškia, kad NASA kosmose esantis Jameso
Webbo kosminis teleskopas turi būti nukreiptas į uolėtas egzoplanetas,
skriejančias aplink blankias raudonas žvaigždes. Šis darbas yra ant
observatorijos ribų. galimybės. Nepageidaujama šviesa iš tokių žvaigždžių kaip
mūsų Saulė dar labiau apsunkina šiuos stebėjimus. Norint ištirti tikrus Žemės
analogus, mokslininkams reikės dar aštresnių įrankių, tokių kaip NASA flagmanas
„Habitable Worlds Observatory“, kuris galėtų būti paleistas per ateinančius 15
metų ir naudodamas naujų technologijų rinkinį, kad nuotoliniu būdu ištirtų
planetos atmosferą. Iš Žemės tą patį bandys padaryti naujos kartos tinkamai
klasifikuoti itin dideli teleskopai, kai kurie iš jų jau statomi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tada dar reikia ieškoti technosignatūrų arba nežemiškų
technologijų požymių. Frankas Drake&#39;as, šios srities tėvas – taip pat mano
tėvas – 1960 m. pradėjo nežemiško intelekto (SETI) paieškas su projektu „Ozma“.
Jis ieškojo radijo signalų aplink dvi į Saulę panašias žvaigždes ir greitai
užkariavo visuomenės vaizduotę. Tačiau SETI sumanymas iki šiol sunkiai rado
finansavimą ir mokslinį patikimumą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Jaučiu, kad technosignatūros pasiekia plačiąją srovę“, –
sako Shelley Wright, SETI mokslininkė iš Kalifornijos universiteto San Diege.
„Iš tikrųjų tai tikrai įdomus laikas.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Skirta SETI Tokios observatorijos kaip Alleno teleskopų
masyvas ir Wrighto Panoseti jau pastatytos. „Breakthrough Listen“, didžiausia
iki šiol radijo SETI paieška, jau dešimtmetį finansuojama privačiai. Ateivių
medžiotojai dabar ieško bet kokių technologijų, radijo ar kitų, ženklų ir
analizuoja duomenis iš didelių observatorijų, apimančių elektromagnetinį
spektrą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Viena iš jų bus Veros Rubino observatorija, finansuojama
Nacionalinio mokslo fondo ir Energetikos departamento. Ji ką tik pradėjo veikti
Čilėje. Kiekvieną naktį observatorija padarys tūkstantį dangaus vaizdų virš
galvos, o SETI mokslininkai apdoros duomenis. Jų algoritmai naudos mašininį
mokymąsi ir dirbtinį intelektą, kurie ypač gerai atpažįsta šablonus, kad padėtų
nustatyti bet kokius išskirtinius objektus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Šie dideli duomenų rinkiniai ir dirbtinio intelekto
modeliai tikrai padeda mums užmesti didelį tinklą“, – sako Steve&#39;as Croftas,
„Breakthrough Listen“ iniciatyvos projekto mokslininkas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nepaisant to, ką galbūt girdėjote, Saulės sistemoje dar
neaptikome jokių tarpžvaigždinių erdvėlaivių. Tačiau keistai SETI tyrėjai
domisi Rubino observatorijos naudojimu nežemiškos įrangos paieškai mūsų pačių
kieme. Mūsų pačių civilizacijoje. į anapus pasaulį pasiuntė keletą
technologinių parašų erdvėlaivių pavidalu. Labai tikėtina, kad „Voyager 1“ ir
jo giminingos palydovės – paleistos 1977 m. stebėti mūsų Saulės sistemos
išorines planetas ir mėnulius, o vėliau pakilusios į tarpžvaigždinę erdvę –
gyvens gerokai ilgiau nei žmonės, Saulė ir Žemės planeta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Visiškai pagrįsta manyti, kad kadangi žmonija pasiuntė
erdvėlaivius į tarpžvaigždinę erdvę, kitos civilizacijos gali padaryti tą
patį“, – sako Croftas. „Mums savotiška pareiga jų ieškoti.“&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;---&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nadia Drake yra mokslo žurnalistė ir buvusi „National
Geographic“ bendradarbė. Su ja galima susisiekti el. paštu reports@wsj.com.“
[1]&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. USA250: Innovation (A Special Report) --- The Hunt for
Extraterrestrial Life Enters a New Frontier: Scientists are using advanced
telescopes, models and AI to help them look for signs of life beyond Earth,
including in distant solar systems. Drake, Nadia.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern
edition; New York, N.Y.. 27 Apr 2026: R22.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/5649739864218772935/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/5649739864218772935' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5649739864218772935'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/5649739864218772935'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/isivaizduokite-pirmaji-itikinama.html' title='„Įsivaizduokite pirmąjį įtikinamą įrodymą, kad ateiviai egzistuoja.'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4578821015193781256</id><published>2026-04-27T19:38:34.253-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T19:38:34.253-07:00</updated><title type='text'>USA250: Innovation (A Special Report) --- The Hunt for Extraterrestrial Life Enters a New Frontier: Scientists are using advanced telescopes, models and AI to help them look for signs of life beyond Earth, including in distant solar systems</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Imagine the first convincing evidence that aliens exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Are they fossilized Martian microbes that lived billions of
years ago when the planet next door was a wetter, warmer world? Perhaps they&#39;re
aquatic organisms -- otherworldly cephalopods -- that thrive in the dark seas
of the outer solar system&#39;s icy moons. Or maybe a faraway civilization wants to
communicate and can build detectable technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;We could soon find evidence for each of these options --
plus others we haven&#39;t even dreamed of. Today, new tools and approaches are
helping scientists search for alien biology within our solar system and in the
atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars, and look for traces of
extraterrestrial hardware anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;It&#39;s a big sky and you have to spend time being open
to what&#39;s going to show up,&quot; says James Davenport, an astronomer at the
University of Washington. &quot;Any time we turn something new on, it&#39;s 100%
guaranteed that anomalies or mysteries will pop out.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Whether aliens exist is a timeless obsession. More than
2,000 years ago, a debate raged between atomist philosophers -- who thought the
cosmos comprised infinite atoms, arranged into infinite worlds, some inhabited
like ours -- and those who believed Earth was unique. Over centuries, similar
conceptions of alien harbors grew in the minds of mystics and scientists,
sometimes leading to fatal clashes with dominant religious doctrines.
Eventually, science slipped the shackles of heresy and astronomers revolutionized
our understanding of Earth&#39;s place in the cosmos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In the 1890s, long-simmering dreams of an inhabited Mars
found a foothold in the U.S., fanned by wealthy astronomer Percival Lowell, who
built an Arizona observatory. There, Lowell convinced himself that alien-built
canals crisscrossed the Martian surface, though anyone who has observed Mars
with a similar telescope knows it&#39;s hard to see much detail at all. But
Lowell&#39;s drawings (and books) ignited public imaginations. It would take the
early 20th century&#39;s sharper telescopes and planetary photography to quell the
buzz about smart alien neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Today we know that billions of planets populate our galaxy;
that on average, when you look up at night, each star you see hosts at least
one planet. Hundreds of millions of those worlds could be habitable by our
standards. And life&#39;s building blocks -- nucleobases, amino acids, hydrocarbons
-- are pretty much everywhere we look. But we don&#39;t yet know whether life
itself is common.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In our solar system, scientists are still scrutinizing Mars,
and plan to explore icy ocean moons such as Europa, Enceladus and Titan that
orbit Jupiter and Saturn and might have the ingredients necessary for life to
thrive. NASA&#39;s Dragonfly mission will sail for Titan as soon as 2028, and the
agency&#39;s Europa Clipper spacecraft arrives in the Jupiter system in 2030.
Rovers currently are trundling on Mars, attempting to learn whether life
existed more than three billion years ago when the planet was warmer and
wetter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tantalizing traces of ancient Martian life may have been
found. In a dried-up riverbed, there&#39;s a rock with a freshly drilled hole in it
-- the handiwork of NASA&#39;s Perseverance rover, which touched down in Jezero
Crater in 2021. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Spotted in
July 2024, the reddish mudstone contains organic compounds and other minerals
that could have supported bygone microbial Martians. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The mudstone&#39;s surface is covered with clusters of iron-rich
deposits, almost like leopard spots, that could bear ancient life&#39;s
fingerprints. To be sure, there are other ways to cook up those spots, but they
require high temperatures the rock probably never experienced.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;Based on the information we have, life is one of the
most likely ways we could get this,&quot; says Morgan Cable of the Planetary
Science Institute, a nonprofit research institute in Arizona. &quot;It&#39;s the
most parsimonious explanation, but it may not be the only one.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;We won&#39;t know for sure until that drilled rock sample
reaches labs on Earth. NASA&#39;s Mars Sample Return mission was supposed to do
that in the 2030s, but the mission grew too bloated and expensive. Congress
recently directed NASA to discontinue MSR as envisioned. Now, researchers are
seeking a more cost-effective way to get those rocks home, says Meenakshi
Wadhwa, the mission&#39;s former principal scientist. &quot;At least in the
short-term, these samples really do represent our best opportunity to answer that
question about life,&quot; says Wadhwa, who now heads the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Beyond our
solar system, scientists are aiming to search the atmospheres of exoplanets --
worlds orbiting other stars -- for molecules that betray the presence of
biology. It may sound simple but it isn&#39;t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&quot;There&#39;s
really no one signature that can indicate life,&quot; says Lisa Kaltenegger, an
astronomer at Cornell University. Instead, scientists will target gases
coexisting in ways that can&#39;t be explained by geology alone. Methane and
oxygen, for example, would normally react with each other, forming carbon
dioxide and water. If you see them together, Kaltenegger says, that could imply
metabolic furnaces producing both in measurable quantities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;To be convinced that gases point to life, scientists must
make models of target worlds to understand the planetary context in which a
potential biosignature exists. Otherwise, they run the risk of making
sensational claims that don&#39;t make sense. &quot;Twenty-five years ago, nobody
could run those climate models, or these huge simulations of atmospheres,&quot;
Davenport says. &quot;To now routinely produce an icy Earth, a young Earth, a
lava planet -- those are huge technological innovations.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;So, too, are the tools scientists use to investigate alien
air. Right now, that means pointing NASA&#39;s space-based James Webb Space
Telescope at rocky exoplanets orbiting dim red stars. The endeavor is on the
edge of the observatory&#39;s capabilities. Unwelcome light from stars like our sun
makes those observations even harder. To study true Earth analogues, scientists
will need even-sharper tools, like NASA&#39;s flagship Habitable Worlds
Observatory, which could launch within the next 15 years and use a suite of new
technologies to remotely dissect a planet&#39;s atmosphere. From the ground, the
next generation of aptly classified Extremely Large Telescopes, some of which
are under construction, will attempt to do the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Then there&#39;s the search for technosignatures, or signs of
alien technology. Frank Drake, the father of that field -- also my father --
ignited the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) with Project Ozma
in 1960. It looked for radio signals around two sun-like stars and quickly
captured popular imaginations. But the SETI enterprise struggled to find
funding and scientific credibility until recently.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;I feel like technosignatures are hitting the
mainstream,&quot; says Shelley Wright, a SETI scientist at the University of
California, San Diego. &quot;It&#39;s a really exciting time, actually.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dedicated SETI observatories like the Allen Telescope Array
and Wright&#39;s Panoseti have already been built. Breakthrough Listen, the largest
radio SETI search to date, has been privately funded for a decade. Alien
hunters now are looking for any sign of technology, radio or not, and sifting
through data from large observatories that span the electromagnetic spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;One of those will be the Vera Rubin Observatory, funded by
the National Science Foundation and the Energy Department. It just came online
in Chile. Every night, the observatory will take a thousand images of the sky
overhead, and SETI scientists will process the data. Their algorithms will use
machine learning and AI, which are particularly good at pattern recognition, to
help identify anything distinctive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;These large data sets and AI models really help us to
cast a large net,&quot; says Steve Croft, project scientist for the
Breakthrough Listen initiative.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Despite what you may have heard, we haven&#39;t yet detected any
interstellar spaceships in the solar system. But in a weird twist, SETI
researchers are interested in using the Rubin Observatory to search for alien
hardware in our own backyard. Our own civilization has sent several
technosignatures into the beyond, in the form of spacecraft. In all
probability, Voyager 1 and its siblings -- launched in 1977 to surveil our
solar system&#39;s outer planets and moons and then head into interstellar space --
will vastly outlive humans, the sun and the planet Earth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;It&#39;s quite reasonable to assume that since humanity
has sent spacecraft into interstellar space, other civilizations might do the
same thing,&quot; Croft says. &quot;It&#39;s sort of incumbent on us to look for
them.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;---&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nadia Drake is a science journalist and former contributing
writer at National Geographic. She can be reached at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:reports@wsj.com&quot;&gt;reports@wsj.com&lt;/a&gt;.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. USA250: Innovation (A Special Report) --- The Hunt for
Extraterrestrial Life Enters a New Frontier: Scientists are using advanced
telescopes, models and AI to help them look for signs of life beyond Earth,
including in distant solar systems. Drake, Nadia.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern
edition; New York, N.Y.. 27 Apr 2026: R22.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4578821015193781256/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4578821015193781256' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4578821015193781256'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4578821015193781256'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/usa250-innovation-special-report-hunt.html' title='USA250: Innovation (A Special Report) --- The Hunt for Extraterrestrial Life Enters a New Frontier: Scientists are using advanced telescopes, models and AI to help them look for signs of life beyond Earth, including in distant solar systems'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-3261119686165358433</id><published>2026-04-27T19:23:02.597-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T19:23:02.598-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The Rise of the High-Range, Less Expensive E.V.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Even as the electric vehicle market has slumped, there are
more long-range E.V.s under $40,000 than ever before.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;It’s a weird moment for electric vehicles in the United
States. Sales have fallen since the Trump administration ended the $7,500 tax
credit, and car manufacturers are canceling models. And while it’s likely that
the recent surge in gas prices will push more people to E.V.s, it probably
won’t happen fast.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But if there’s a bright spot in the E.V. market, it’s the
budget, high-range car — a corner of the market that’s growing in number of
models and, in some cases, even in sales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E.V.s under
$40,000 can now go as far as the most expensive models of a decade ago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Range anxiety has long been a sticking point for potential
E.V. owners, especially in winter. Most people don’t need to drive far every
day, but they want to know they can make the occasional big trip.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;For a long time, price and range were highly correlated:
More expensive models went much farther on one charge. That’s not the case
anymore. Some expensive cars have estimated ranges above 400 miles — notably
some Lucid and Rivian models — but others offer less range than cars $50,000
cheaper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Range and price aren’t everyone’s top criteria — there are
charging speeds, horsepower, reliability, aesthetics, size and more to
consider. But if your primary concern is just how far the car can get you on a
single charge without breaking the bank, consider this unusual but useful
metric: miles of range per dollar spent.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;At a starting price of $32,000, the 2026 Nissan Leaf gets
nearly 10 miles of total range for every $1,000 of sticker price, with
Chevrolet’s $37,000 Equinox EV close behind. The most expensive E.V.s score
much worse on this metric — three miles per $1,000 or fewer — but they’re
luxury cars.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;(Note that price and range vary even for a single model,
depending on the trim; we looked at the cheapest price and longest range for
each car and picked the one with the highest ratio of miles to dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Just five years ago, the best cars in this metric couldn’t
top six miles per $1,000. (After adjusting for inflation.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A big part
of that trajectory is battery technology: Prices for lithium-ion batteries, the
primary type used for E.V.s, have fallen to around $100 per kilowatt-hour in
2025, from $1,000 in the early 2010s, according to BloombergNEF. Battery
density has gone up too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As battery
costs fell and manufacturers built more E.V.s, ranges rose and prices fell.
Tesla’s cheapest Model 3 climbed to a range of 321 miles this year, up from 220
when it was launched in the late 2010s, while its inflation-adjusted price
decreased.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Or consider the Leaf, which debuted 15 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;By 2016, the cheapest Leaf had 84 miles of range and cost
around $30,000, the equivalent of $40,000 today.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nissan’s $32,000 2026 Leaf has a range of more than 300
miles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Some
automakers have released entirely new models under $40,000 in recent years,
including the Chevrolet Equinox and the Subaru Uncharted. And the end of the
tax credit led others to drop prices on existing cars: Tesla introduced a
trimmed-down, significantly cheaper Model 3, and Hyundai slashed its Ioniq 5
prices by roughly the same amount as the credit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Altogether, the cheaper end of the market has boomed, and
the average price of a new E.V. has fallen. (Used E.V. prices fell, too, and
sales climbed.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;There’s still a lot of bad E.V. news among automakers, who
have canceled models and pulled back on battery manufacturing. New E.V. sales
dropped 27 percent from early 2025 to early 2026. But models that offered a
high-range, lower-price trim seemed to weather the downturn better — some of
them even picked up in sales, while others held relatively steady despite the
end of the tax credit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;New E.V.s
still can’t beat new gas cars on sticker price and range. A standard Toyota
Corolla can go more than 400 miles on a tank of gas, and costs around $25,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Still, the
costs of driving a gas car add up: If gas prices settled back to $3.50 per
gallon, that relatively efficient Corolla would cost more than $1,100 for the
average driver each year, and about the same in maintenance. Over a decade,
that would total nearly $50,000. (Car purchase included.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The $32,000
Leaf would cost around $600 each year to drive, at average U.S. electricity
prices, and about the same in maintenance, according to federal estimates. It
would add up to $45,000 over the decade.” [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. The Rise of the High-Range, Less Expensive E.V. Paris,
Francesca.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Apr 27, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/3261119686165358433/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/3261119686165358433' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3261119686165358433'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/3261119686165358433'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/the-rise-of-high-range-less-expensive-ev.html' title='The Rise of the High-Range, Less Expensive E.V.'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-34458503278102187</id><published>2026-04-27T12:40:11.299-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T12:40:11.300-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lenkijos vadovybėje formuojasi proamerikietiškos ir antiamerikietiškos frakcijos: Lenkijos ministras pirmininkas kaltinamas NATO aljanso griovimu, suabejojęs Amerikos „lojalumu“ Europai</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Lenkijos globalistas ministras pirmininkas Donaldas Tuskas
sulaukia kritikos dėl nepagrįsto kaltinimo, kad Jungtinės Valstijos karo atveju
neliks „lojalios“ ir negins Europos.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Akivaizdžiai bandydamas įžeisti JAV prezidentą Donaldą
Trumpą, Lenkijos ministras pirmininkas Tuskas paragino Europos Sąjungą sukurti
visavertį gynybinį aljansą, teigdamas, kad Jungtinės Valstijos nėra patikima
partnerė.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Buvęs ES vadovas „Financial Times“ sakė, kad Europos
„didžiausias ir svarbiausias klausimas yra tai, ar Jungtinės Valstijos yra
pasirengusios būti tokios lojalios, kaip aprašyta mūsų [NATO] sutartyse“,
atsižvelgiant į tai, kad Rusija gali užpulti valstybę narę per „mėnesius“.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Visam rytiniam flangui, mano kaimynams, klausimas yra tas,
ar NATO vis dar yra organizacija, pasirengusi politiškai ir logistiškai
reaguoti, pavyzdžiui, prieš Rusiją, jei ši bandytų pulti“, – sakė jis.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Nes mums labai svarbu žinoti, kad visi NATO įsipareigojimus
vertins taip pat rimtai, kaip ir Lenkija“, – sakė Tuskas, pažymėdamas, kad
pagal BVP procentą Varšuva yra daugiausiai išleidžianti NATO narė, nors
absoliučiais skaičiais ją lenkia Jungtinės Valstijos.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Vašingtonas Lenkiją laiko geriausia ir artimiausia
sąjungininke Europoje. Tačiau man tikroji problema yra tai, kaip bus
praktiškai, jei kas nors nutiks“, – tęsė Lenkijos ministras pirmininkas. „Noriu
tikėti, kad [5 straipsnis] vis dar galioja, bet kartais, žinoma, turiu tam
tikrų problemų.“&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Nenoriu būti toks pesimistas, bet šiandien mums reikia ir
praktinio konteksto.“&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tuskas, anksčiau atlikęs Briuselio apgavikišką vaidmenį,
2014 m. palikęs ministro pirmininko postą ir užėmęs daug pelningesnį Europos
Vadovų Tarybos pirmininko vaidmenį, o 2023 m. sugrįžęs ir vėl siekęs valdžios
Varšuvoje, regis, palaiko tokius asmenis kaip Prancūzijos prezidentas
Emmanuelis Macronas ir ES vadovė Ursula von der Leyen, bandydamas pasinaudoti
dabartine transatlantine trintimi ir siekti ES kariuomenės formavimo.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Interviu globalistiniam laikraščiui „FT“ Tuskas nurodė ES
sutarties 42.7 straipsnį – gana neaiškų gynybos paktą – kaip potencialų
pagrindą sukurti ne NATO Europos karinį aljansą. Nuo tada, kai buvo susitarta,
jis buvo panaudotas tik vieną kartą – Prancūzijos po 2015 m. teroristinių
išpuolių „Bataclan“ klube.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Straipsnyje teigiama, kad „jei valstybė narė tampa
ginkluotos agresijos savo teritorijoje auka, kitos valstybės narės privalo
teikti jai pagalbą ir paramą visomis savo turimomis priemonėmis pagal Jungtinių
Tautų Chartijos 51 straipsnį“. Tai neturi daryti įtakos tam tikrų valstybių
narių saugumo ir gynybos politikos specifiniam pobūdžiui.“&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Jei norite turėti tikrą aljansą ne tik popieriuje, jums
reikia tikrų įrankių ir realios galios, kalbant apie gynybos priemones ir
kariuomenių mobilumą iš vienos šalies į kitą ir pan. Tai labai praktiška
šiandienos problema“, – sakė Tuskas. „Štai kodėl dabar mano manija ir misija
yra iš naujo integruoti Europą.“&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;„Tai reiškia bendrą gynybą, bendras pastangas apsaugoti mūsų
rytines sienas.“&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Penktadienį Tusko įpėdinis Europos Vadovų Tarybos pirmininko
poste, portugalų socialistas António Costa, pareiškė, kad neseniai įvykdyti
Irano smūgiai Kiprui tapo „bandomuoju pavyzdžiu“, kaip galėtų veikti tarpusavio
gynybos paktas, ir pažymėjo, kad „Graikija, o vėliau Prancūzija, Italija,
Ispanija ir [Nyderlandai] mobilizavo karinę įrangą ir pajėgas“, kad padėtų
Kiprui po incidento.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Priešingai, Jungtinė Karalystė, nepaisant to, kad turėjo
bazę saloje, užtruko tris savaites, kad surinktų karo laivą, kurį galėtų
išsiųsti į regioną, ir vos po kelių dienų buvo priversta išsiųsti tą patį karo
laivą į uostą techninei priežiūrai.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Blogas JK ir kitų NATO narių, ypač socialistinės Ispanijos,
kuri Irano konflikto metu visiškai atsisakė suteikti Jungtinėms Valstijoms bet
kokią prieigą prie savo oro erdvės ir karinių bazių, atsakas paskatino
Baltuosius rūmus viešai suabejoti dabartine Aljanso struktūra ir po Irano karo
iškėlė idėją nubausti tam tikrus nelojalius veikėjus.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nepaisant to, prezidentas Trumpas nuolat tvirtino, kad gerbs
NATO susitarimo 5 straipsnio tarpusavio gynybos nuostatą ir yra plačiai
pripažįstamas už NATO stiprinimą, spaudžiant sąjungininkes pagaliau išleisti
daugiau lėšų. savo gynybos biudžetus.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nepaisant to, visoje Europoje vis labiau girdisi šurmulys
dėl tolesnių gynybos įsipareigojimų – tai tarsi antausis prezidentui Trumpui,
nors jis daro būtent taip, kaip prašė.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Šio fronto lyderis buvo Prancūzijos prezidentas Emmanuelis
Macronas, kuris paskutiniais savo kadencijos metais, regis, siekia išsaugoti
kai kuriuos senus dalykus, palikdamas pėdsaką Europos gynybos aparate.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Be to, kad ilgai lobizavo už tiesioginę ES armiją,
prezidentas Macronas pastaruoju metu pradėjo derybas su kitais ES lyderiais dėl
perspektyvos išplėsti Prancūzijos branduolinių ginklų skėtį visame žemyne,
siekiant atgrasyti tokius priešininkus kaip Vladimiro Putino Rusija.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Būdama vienintele branduolinį ginklą turinčia valstybe,
likusia Europos Sąjungoje po Jungtinės Karalystės išstojimo, Prancūzija yra bet
kokių potencialių bendrų gynybos pajėgų vairuotoja, atsižvelgiant į tai, kad
Paryžius beveik neabejotinai išlaikytų išimtinę savo branduolinių galvučių
dislokavimo kontrolę.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Anksčiau šį mėnesį prezidentas Macronas nuvyko į Gdanską
aptarti su ministru pirmininku Tusku galimybės dislokuoti Prancūzijos
branduolines pajėgas Lenkijoje kaip šios strategijos dalį.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nors tvirtesnė gynybos struktūra buvo seniai prezidento
Trumpo reikalavimas, kai kurie kritikavo ministrą pirmininką Tuską už tai, kad
jis atvirai abejojo ​​Jungtinių Valstijų, kurios išlieka svarbiausia Varšuvos
karine sąjungininke, lojalumu.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Opozicinės
konservatyviosios partijos „Įstatymas ir teisingumas“ lyderis Jarosławas
Kaczyńskis sekmadienį pareiškė, kad Vokietija apgaudinėja Tuską, priversdamas
jį sakyti komentarus, kurie „griauna Lenkijos ir Amerikos santykius“, ir
apgailestavo, kad Lenkijai vadovauja „žmonės, kuriems Dievas nedavė bet kokių
politinių gebėjimų“.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/34458503278102187/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/34458503278102187' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/34458503278102187'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/34458503278102187'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/lenkijos-vadovybeje-formuojasi.html' title='Lenkijos vadovybėje formuojasi proamerikietiškos ir antiamerikietiškos frakcijos: Lenkijos ministras pirmininkas kaltinamas NATO aljanso griovimu, suabejojęs Amerikos „lojalumu“ Europai'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7265678731891205489</id><published>2026-04-27T12:35:30.787-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T12:35:30.788-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pro- and Anti-American Fractions Form in Leadership of Poland: Polish PM Accused of Undermining NATO Alliance After Questioning America’s ‘Loyalty’ to Europe</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“Poland’s globalist Prime Minsiter Donald Tusk is facing
criticism over his unfounded accusation that the United States would not remain
“loyal” and come to Europe’s defence in the case of a war.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;In an apparent shot across the bow against U.S. President
Donald Trump, Polish PM Tusk has urged the European Union to develop a fully
fledged defensive alliance, while claiming that the United States is not a
trustworthy partner.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The former EU chief told the Financial Times that Europe’s
“biggest, most important question is if the United States is ready to be as
loyal as it is described in our [Nato] treaties,” given that Russia could
potentially attack a member state within “months”.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“For the whole eastern flank, my neighbours… the question is
if NATO is still an organisation ready, politically and also logistically, to
react, for example, against Russia if they try to attack,” he said.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“For us, it’s really important to know that everyone will
treat the Nato obligations as seriously as Poland,” Tusk said, noting that by
percentage of GDP, Warsaw is the top spender in NATO, though in absolute terms
dwarfed by the United States.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“Washington treats Poland as the best and the closest ally
in Europe. But for me, the real problem is what it is in practice if something
happens,” the Polish PM continued. “I want to believe that [Article 5] is still
valid, but sometimes, of course, I have some problems.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“I don’t want to be so pessimistic… but what we need today
is also practical context.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tusk, who previously played Brussels turncoat, by abandoning
his former position as prime minister to take up the far more lucrative role of
President of the European Council in 2014, only to come back and seek power
once again in Warsaw in 2023, appears to be siding with the likes of French
President Emmanuel Macron and EU cheif Ursula von der Leyen in attempting to
seize upon the current transatlantic friction to push for the formation of an
EU Army.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;In his interview with the globalist FT paper, Tusk pointed
to Article 42.7 of the EU Treaty, a relatively obscure defence pact, as a
potential framework for creating a non-NATO European military alliance. Since
agreed to, it has only been invoked once, by France following the 2015 Bataclan
terror attacks.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The article states that “if a Member State is the victim of
armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards
it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in
accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not
prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain
Member States.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“What you need if you want to have, not only on paper, a
real alliance, is true tools and real power when it comes to defence
instruments and mobility of militaries from country to country etc. It’s a very
practical problem for today,” Tusk said. “This is why my obsession now and my
mission is to reintegrate Europe.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;“It means common defence… a common effort to protect our
eastern borders.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tusk’s successor as European Council President, Portuguese
socialist António Costa, said on Friday that the recent Iranian strikes on
Cyprus provided a “test case” on how a mutual defence pact could function,
noting that “Greece, and then France, Italy, Spain and [the] Netherlands
mobilised military equipment and forces” to assist Cyprus in the aftermath.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;In contrast, the United Kingdom, despite having a base on
the island, took three weeks to muster a warship to send to the region, and was
forced to send that very warship to port just days later for maintenance.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The lacklustre response from the UK and other members of
NATO, notably socialist Spain, which outright refused all access to its
airspace and military bases to the United States during the Iran conflict, has
led to the White House publicly questioning the current framework of the
alliance and has floated the idea of punishing certain disloyal actors
following the Iran war.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nevertheless, President Trump has consistently maintained
that he would honour the Article 5 mutual defence provision of the NATO
agreement, and has been widely credited with bolstering NATO by pressuring
allies to finally spend more on their own defence budgets.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Despite this, there has been a growing hum across Europe for
further defence commitments, a supposed slap at President Trump, while doing
exactly as he has asked.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;A leader on this front has been French President Emmanuel
Macron, who, in his final year in office, appears intent on salvaging some
legacy points by leaving a mark on the European defence apparatus.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;In addition to having long lobbied for an outright EU Army,
President Macron has of late begun negotiations with fellow EU leaders on the
prospect of extending the French nuclear arms umbrella across the continent to
deter adversaries such as Vladimir Putin’s Russia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;As the only nuclear-armed power remaining in the European
Union after the departure of the United Kingdom, France is in the driver’s seat
for any potential common defence force, given that Paris would almost certainly
retain sole control over the deployment of its nuclear warheads.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Earlier this month, President Macron travelled to Gdańsk to
discuss with Prime Minister Tusk the possibility of forward-deploying French
nuclear forces to Poland as part of this strategy.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Although a firmer defence structure has been a longstanding
demand from President Trump, some have criticised Prime Minister Tusk for
openly questioning the loyalty of the United States, which remains Warsaw’s
most important military ally.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The leader of the opposition conservative Law and Justice
party, Jarosław Kaczyński, said on Sunday that Tusk was being duped by Germany
into making comments that were “destroying Polish-American relations” and
lamented that Poland was being led “by people whom God shortchanged on any
political abilities whatsoever.””&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/04/27/polish-pm-accused-of-undermining-nato-alliance-after-questioning-americas-loyalty/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/7265678731891205489/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/7265678731891205489' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7265678731891205489'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7265678731891205489'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/pro-and-anti-american-fractions-form-in.html' title='Pro- and Anti-American Fractions Form in Leadership of Poland: Polish PM Accused of Undermining NATO Alliance After Questioning America’s ‘Loyalty’ to Europe'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-6878709194995144884</id><published>2026-04-27T06:28:52.208-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T06:28:52.208-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Popiežiaus pastabos patikrina teisingo karo teoriją --- Leono kritika dėl Irano konflikto atspindi katalikų mąstymo pokyčius per daugelį metų</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„VATIKANAS -- Prezidentas Trumpas, sakęs, kad Dievas remia
JAV karines operacijas prieš Iraną, piktai kritikavo popiežiaus Leono XIV
antikarinę poziciją. Viceprezidentas J. D. Vance&#39;as netgi paragino popiežių
būti atsargesniam dėl teologijos, nes katalikų tradicija apima teisingo karo
idėją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau Katalikų Bažnyčia ėmė abejoti, ar beveik visi
šiuolaikiniai karai yra teisingi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ne tik Leonas nuo sausio mėnesio meta iššūkį Trumpui dėl jo
didėjančio karinės jėgos naudojimo. Vatikano požiūris į karą per pastarąjį
šimtmetį pasikeitė. Šiuolaikiniai popiežiai laikosi nuomonės, kad vien
šiuolaikinių ginklų griaunamoji galia pakeitė konflikto pobūdį, todėl senovėje
ir viduramžiais sukurti teisingo karo principai retai kada yra įgyvendinami.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tai reiškia, kad Vatikanas ir toliau bus nepatogus, netgi
aršus JAV užsienio politikos, kuri pasitiki Amerikos jėga, o ne taisyklėmis
pagrįsta tarptautine tvarka, priešininkas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kaip pastorius, negaliu pasisakyti karo naudai“, –
ketvirtadienį žurnalistams sakė Leo, skrisdamas namo į Romą po kelionės po
Afriką. Per daug nekaltų žmonių žuvo, sakė jis, pridurdamas, kad su savimi
nešiojasi vaiko, kuris jį pernai pasitiko Libane ir kuris žuvo dabartiniame
kare, nuotrauką.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jau kelias savaites Leo smerkia ne tik JAV vadovaujamą karą
prieš Iraną, bet ir karą apskritai. Jis kritikavo tokių pareigūnų kaip gynybos
sekretorius Pete&#39;as Hegsethas maldas už karą ir Biblijos maldas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Tai mūsų Dievas: Jėzus, Taikos Karalius, kuris atmeta karą,
kurio niekas negali panaudoti karui pateisinti“, – sakė Leo per mišias Šv.
Petro aikštėje Verbų sekmadienį. „Jis neklauso tų, kurie kariauja, maldų, bet
jas atmeta sakydamas: „Nors jūs daug melsitės, aš jų neklausysiu: jūsų rankos
pilnos kraujo“, – sakė jis, cituodamas Bibliją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vance&#39;as, atsivertęs į katalikybę, šaukė „nedoras“. Galima
diskutuoti apie konkretaus karo nuopelnus, bet Leo nuėjo per toli, sakė jis.
„Kai popiežius sako, kad Dievas niekada nėra tų, kurie naudoja kardą, pusėje,
egzistuoja daugiau, nei tūkstančio, metų teisingo karo teorijos tradicija“, –
balandžio viduryje Džordžijos universitete vykusiame „Turning Point USA“
renginyje sakė Vance&#39;as. Ar Dievas nebuvo JAV kareivių pusėje, klausė jis, kai
jie išlaisvino Prancūziją iš nacių okupacijos? „Jei ketinate reikšti nuomonę
teologijos klausimais, turite būti atsargūs.“ „Reikia įsitikinti, kad tai
pagrįsta tiesa“, – perspėjo jis popiežių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Ar popiežius nusisuko nuo teisingo karo teorijos ir tapo
pacifistiniu? Ne visai. Tačiau Vance&#39;as nebuvo vienintelis asmuo, iškėlęs šį
klausimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Aš tikrai manau, kad Vatikanas turėtų būti šiek tiek
aiškesnis dėl teisingo karo“, – sakė kunigas Robertas Sirico, konservatyvaus
analitinio centro Acton Religijos ir laisvės studijoms Grand Rapidse, Mičigane,
vienas iš įkūrėjų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praktiškai popiežiai dažnai lanksčiai vartojo „teisingos
priežasties“ sąvoką, laimindami karalių ir imperatorių ekspansionistines
kampanijas ir kartais net patys apsivilkdami šarvus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau ši teorija bent jau bandė apriboti karą. Katalikų
mąstymas tapo didele įtaka šiuolaikinei tarptautinei teisei, įskaitant
Jungtinių Tautų Chartiją, kuri draudžia karą, išskyrus savigynos ar Saugumo
Tarybos įgaliotas misijas, ir taisykles, ribojančias karinę jėgą iki to, kas
yra būtina ir proporcinga, ir skiriančias kareivius nuo civilių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Teisingo karo teorija vis dar yra Katekizmo, oficialios
bažnyčios įsitikinimų santraukos, išleistos pagal Šv. Jono evangeliją, dalis.
Pauliaus II 1992 m. ištartame laiške teigiama: „Teisėta gynyba gali būti ne tik
teisė, bet ir rimta pareiga tam, kas yra atsakingas už kitų gyvybes.“ Yra
griežti kriterijai. Net gynybinis karas turi būti paskutinė priemonė, kai visos
kitos pastangos užkirsti kelią agresijai žlugo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau XX amžiaus pradžioje iškilus industrializuotam karui,
popiežiaus mąstyme atsirado antra kryptis, teigė Danielis Philpottas,
politologas iš Notre Dame universiteto: „Stiprus mokymas, kad šiuolaikiniame
kare yra kažkas labai tragiško ir apgailėtino.“ Žvelgiant iš šios perspektyvos,
karas tapo toks niokojantis, ypač dėl miestų bombardavimo iš oro, kad jis
visada yra žmonijos pralaimėjimas. „Beveik kiekvienas popiežius per pastarąjį
šimtmetį aiškiai, garsiai ir nuolat išreiškė šią temą“, – sakė jis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Popiežius Pranciškus savo 2020 m. enciklikoje „Fratelli
tutti“ teigė, kad teisingo karo teorija yra pasenusi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Po to, kai Vance&#39;as sukritikavo Leoną, italų vyskupas
Antonio Stagliano atsakė dar labiau išplėtodamas Pranciškaus logiką pacifistine
kryptimi. Teisingas karas visada buvo pragmatiškas kompromisas su istorija,
niekada ne pagrindinė doktrina, – Vatikano svetainėje paskelbtame straipsnyje
teigė Stagliano, Popiežiškosios teologijos akademijos Romoje prezidentas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Kiekvienas karas šiandien yra nusikaltimas žmonijai. Ne
„kai kurie karai“. Ne „neteisėti karai“. Kiekvienas karas“, – sakė jis.
Straipsnyje siūloma, kad krikščionys priimtų nesmurtinį pasipriešinimą ir
kankinių tradiciją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tai ne popiežiaus pozicija, teigė kiti vyresnieji
dvasininkai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vyskupas Jamesas Massa, aukščiausias JAV vyskupų
konferencijos doktrinos pareigūnas, teigė, kad popiežius palaiko teisingo karo
teoriją. Kiti JAV vyskupai ir kardinolai teigė, kad teisingo karo teorija
tebėra galiojanti, tačiau JAV karas prieš Iraną neatitinka reikalavimų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;---&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Nuo kito skruosto atsukimo iki tragiškos būtinybės&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ankstyvoji krikščionybė buvo labai priešiška karui ir
karinei tarnybai, sakė Vincentas Milleris, teologijos profesorius Deitono
universitete, Ohajo valstijoje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Daugelis priėmė kankinystę, užuot kompromisavę su savo
tikėjimu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau iki IV amžiaus pabaigos krikščionybė buvo oficiali
Romos imperijos religija, įskaitant jos kareivius ir generolus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Imperija griuvo; vizigotai apiplėšė Romą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ar Jėzaus pasekėjai tikrai turėtų atsukti kitą skruostą?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Šv. Augustinas, vyskupas iš Romos Šiaurės Afrikos, pateikė
pesimistinį atsakymą: Žmonės gyveno puolusioje žemiškoje karalystėje, kurioje
vyravo smurtas ir troškimas dominuoti, o nekaltųjų gynimas jėga kartais buvo
tragiška būtinybė valstybei. (Popiežius Leonas XIV yra buvęs augustinų
vienuolijos vadovas.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vėliau XIII amžiaus italų vienuolis šv. Tomas Akvinietis
Augustino mąstymą pavertė oficialiu teisingo karo kriterijų rinkiniu, įskaitant
teisėtą valdžią, siekiančią teisingo tikslo, pavyzdžiui, savigynos, su
teisingais ketinimais.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Pope&#39;s Remarks Put Just-War Theory to Test
--- Leo&#39;s criticisms of Iran conflict reflect shift in Catholic thinking over
years. Walker, Marcus.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y..
27 Apr 2026: A9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/6878709194995144884/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/6878709194995144884' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6878709194995144884'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6878709194995144884'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/popieziaus-pastabos-patikrina-teisingo.html' title='Popiežiaus pastabos patikrina teisingo karo teoriją --- Leono kritika dėl Irano konflikto atspindi katalikų mąstymo pokyčius per daugelį metų'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-6136302276835947382</id><published>2026-04-27T06:24:17.554-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T06:24:17.554-07:00</updated><title type='text'>   Pope&#39;s Remarks Put Just-War Theory to Test --- Leo&#39;s criticisms of Iran conflict reflect shift in Catholic thinking over years</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“VATICAN CITY -- President Trump, who said God supports U.S.
military operations against Iran, has fulminated against Pope Leo XIV&#39;s antiwar
stance. Vice President JD Vance has even told the pope to be more careful about
theology, because Catholic tradition includes the idea of a just war.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But the Catholic Church has come to doubt that almost any
modern wars are just.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;It isn&#39;t just Leo, who has challenged Trump since January
over his growing use of military force. The Vatican&#39;s perspective on war has
shifted over the past century. Modern popes have taken the view that the sheer
destructive power of modern weaponry has changed the nature of conflict, so
that principles of just war developed in antiquity and the Middle Ages are
rarely if ever satisfied.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;That means the Vatican will continue to be an awkward, even
fiery opponent of a U.S. foreign policy that trusts in American muscle, not in
a rules-based international order.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;As a pastor, I cannot be in favor of war,&quot; Leo
told reporters on Thursday while flying home to Rome after a tour of Africa.
Too many innocents have been killed, he said, adding that he carries with him a
photo of a child who greeted him in Lebanon last year, and who was killed in
the current war.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;For weeks, Leo has denounced not only the U.S.-led war on
Iran, but war in general. He has criticized the pro-war prayers and biblical
invocations of officials such as Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;This is our God: Jesus, King of Peace, who rejects
war, whom no one can use to justify war,&quot; Leo said during a Mass in St.
Peter&#39;s Square on Palm Sunday. &quot;He does not listen to the prayers of those
who wage war, but rejects them, saying: &#39;Even though you make many prayers, I
will not listen: Your hands are full of blood,&#39;&quot; he said, quoting from the
Bible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vance, a Catholic convert, cried foul. One can debate the
merits of a given war, but Leo was going too far, he said. &quot;When the pope
says that God is never on the side of those who wield the sword, there is more
than a thousand-year tradition of just-war theory,&quot; Vance told a Turning
Point USA event at the University of Georgia in mid-April. Was God not on the
side of U.S. GIs, he asked, when they liberated France from Nazi occupation?
&quot;If you&#39;re going to opine on matters of theology, you&#39;ve got to be careful.
You&#39;ve got to make sure it&#39;s anchored in the truth,&quot; he admonished the
pontiff.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Has the papacy turned its back on just-war theory and become
pacifist? Not quite. But Vance wasn&#39;t the only person to raise the question.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;I really do think the Vatican needs to be a little
clearer on just war,&quot; said the Rev. Robert Sirico, co-founder of the Acton
Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty, a conservative think tank in
Grand Rapids, Mich.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;In practice, popes often used &quot;just cause&quot;
elastically, blessing the expansionist campaigns of kings and emperors and
sometimes even donning armor themselves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But the theory at least tried to limit war. Catholic
thinking became a major influence on modern international law -- including the
United Nations Charter, which prohibits war except for self-defense or missions
mandated by the Security Council, and rules limiting military force to what is
necessary and proportionate and distinguishes soldiers from civilians.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Just-war theory is still part of the Catechism, the official
summary of the church&#39;s beliefs published under St. John Paul II in 1992, which
says: &quot;Legitimate defense can be not only a right but a grave duty for one
who is responsible for the lives of others.&quot; There are strict criteria.
Even a defensive war must be a last resort after all other efforts to prevent
aggression have failed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But with the rise of industrialized warfare in the early
20th century, a second strand in papal thinking emerged, said Daniel Philpott,
a political scientist at the University of Notre Dame: &quot;A strong teaching
that there&#39;s something deeply tragic and lamentable about modern war.&quot; In
this perspective, war has become so devastating, particularly through the
aerial bombing of cities, that it&#39;s always a defeat for humanity.
&quot;Virtually every pope in the past century has voiced this theme pointedly,
vociferously and continuously,&quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pope Francis, in his 2020 encyclical &quot;Fratelli
tutti,&quot; suggested just-war theory was outdated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;After Vance criticized Leo, Italian bishop Antonio Stagliano
responded by taking Francis&#39; logic even further in a pacifist direction. Just
war was always a pragmatic compromise with history, never a core doctrine, said
Stagliano, the president of the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Rome, in an
article published on a Vatican website.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&quot;Every war today is a crime against humanity. Not &#39;some
wars.&#39; Not &#39;unjust wars.&#39; Every war,&quot; he said. The article suggested
Christians should embrace nonviolent resistance and the tradition of martyrs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;That isn&#39;t Leo&#39;s position, other senior clergy said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Bishop James Massa, the top doctrinal official of the U.S.
bishops&#39; conference, said the pope is upholding just-war theory. Other U.S.
bishops and cardinals have said just-war theory remains valid -- but that the
U.S. war on Iran didn&#39;t meet the bar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;---&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;From Turning the Other Cheek to a Tragic Necessity&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Early Christianity was overwhelmingly opposed to war and
military service, said Vincent Miller, a professor of theology at the
University of Dayton, Ohio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Many accepted martyrdom rather than compromise their faith.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;By the late fourth century, however, Christianity was the
official religion of the Roman Empire, including its soldiers and generals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Empire was crumbling; the Visigoths had sacked Rome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Should followers of Jesus really turn the other cheek?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;St. Augustine, a bishop from Roman North Africa, gave a
pessimistic answer: Men lived in a fallen earthly realm ruled by violence and
lust for domination, and defending the innocent with force was sometimes a
tragic necessity for the state. (Pope Leo XIV is a former head of the
Augustinian religious order.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Later, the 13th-century Italian friar St. Thomas Aquinas
turned Augustine&#39;s thinking into a formal set of criteria for a just war,
including a legitimate authority pursuing a just cause such as self-defense
with the right intentions.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Pope&#39;s Remarks Put Just-War Theory to Test
--- Leo&#39;s criticisms of Iran conflict reflect shift in Catholic thinking over
years. Walker, Marcus.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y..
27 Apr 2026: A9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/6136302276835947382/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/6136302276835947382' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6136302276835947382'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/6136302276835947382'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/popes-remarks-put-just-war-theory-to.html' title='   Pope&#39;s Remarks Put Just-War Theory to Test --- Leo&#39;s criticisms of Iran conflict reflect shift in Catholic thinking over years'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-4518219179632699453</id><published>2026-04-27T06:16:04.619-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T06:16:04.620-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Artimųjų Rytų konfliktas sukėlė energetikos krizę visame pasaulyje</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Tarptautinės energetikos agentūros vykdomasis direktorius
Fatihas Birolis praėjusią savaitę perspėjo, kad pasaulis susiduria su
didžiausia istorijoje energetikos krize, kurią dar labiau paaštrino Hormūzo
sąsiaurio uždarymas per JAV karą su Iranu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Labiausiai nukentėjo naftą eksportuojančios šalys, ir tai
privertė kai kurias vyriausybes imtis beveik 50 metų nematytų priemonių.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kai kurios
paskelbė energetikos nepaprastąją padėtį, o kitos riboja kurą. Kai kurios
dalija grynuosius pinigus. Dar kitos ragino piliečius pakeisti savo įpročius.
Daugelis apribojo naftos kainą vartotojams. 32 TEA šalys iš savo atsargų
išleido rekordinį 400 milijonų barelių naftos kiekį.“ [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Middle East Conflict Has Fanned An Energy
Crisis Around the World. Kiss, Daniel.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition;
New York, N.Y.. 27 Apr 2026: A9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/4518219179632699453/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/4518219179632699453' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4518219179632699453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/4518219179632699453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/artimuju-rytu-konfliktas-sukele.html' title='Artimųjų Rytų konfliktas sukėlė energetikos krizę visame pasaulyje'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8343965954564166546</id><published>2026-04-27T06:13:44.356-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-27T06:13:44.357-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Middle East Conflict Has Fanned An Energy Crisis Around the World</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy
Agency, last week warned that the world is facing its largest energy crisis in
history, fueled by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz during the U.S. war on
Iran.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Those hit hardest are oil-exporting countries, and that has
forced some governments to take measures unseen for nearly 50 years.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Some have
declared a state of energy emergency, and others are rationing fuel. Some are
giving cash handouts. Others have told citizens to change their habits. Many
have capped the price of oil for consumers. The 32 countries of the IEA
released a record 400 million barrels of oil from their reserves.” [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. World News: Middle East Conflict Has Fanned An Energy
Crisis Around the World. Kiss, Daniel.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition;
New York, N.Y.. 27 Apr 2026: A9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8343965954564166546/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8343965954564166546' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8343965954564166546'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8343965954564166546'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/middle-east-conflict-has-fanned-energy.html' title='Middle East Conflict Has Fanned An Energy Crisis Around the World'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-8609166228399977225</id><published>2026-04-26T15:01:12.976-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T15:01:12.976-07:00</updated><title type='text'>JAV sankcijos – zigzagas naujame ekonominio karo pasaulyje</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Neseniai Pentagonas pareiškė, kad JAV karinės pajėgos
Indijos vandenyne sustabdė ir užpuolė dar vieną sankcionuotą tanklaivį,
gabenantį naftą iš Irano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Tačiau blokados nėra greitas sprendimas“, – sakė Jennifer
Kavanagh, vyresnioji mokslinė bendradarbiė ir karinės analizės direktorė
užsienio politikos analitinėje grupėje Vašingtone. Ji teigė, kad Iranas
tikriausiai gali atlaikyti spaudimą, nes jie veikia lėtai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Visuotinė blokada kelia teisinių ir operatyvinių klausimų,
nes ji neturi geografinių ribų. O Jungtinės Valstijos gali konfiskuoti tik tam
tikrą skaičių laivų, o tai rodo, kad praktinis poveikis gali būti „nežymus“, –
teigė ji, tuo pačiu metu menkinant JAV, kaip tarptautinės tvarkos palaikytojos,
reputaciją, nes daugelis šalių tokius konfiskavimus laiko piratavimu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Edwardas Fishmanas, Užsienio santykių tarybos narys, teigė,
kad atsitiktinis Jungtinių Valstijų sankcijų naudojimas atspindi, kaip
susilieja ekonominis ir karinis karas. „Mes neturime tokio tipo ekonominio karo
strategijos, o tai gali padėti paaiškinti kai kuriuos Jungtinių Valstijų
nesėkmes.“ – sakė ponas Fishmanas.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. U.S. Sanctions Zigzag in New World of Economic Warfare. Rappeport,
Alan; Livni, Ephrat.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Apr 26,
2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/8609166228399977225/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/8609166228399977225' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8609166228399977225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/8609166228399977225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/jav-sankcijos-zigzagas-naujame.html' title='JAV sankcijos – zigzagas naujame ekonominio karo pasaulyje'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-71832967518132422</id><published>2026-04-26T14:58:46.322-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T14:58:46.323-07:00</updated><title type='text'>U.S. Sanctions Zigzag in New World of Economic Warfare</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Recently, the Pentagon said U.S. military forces stopped
and boarded one more sanctioned tanker carrying oil from Iran in the Indian
Ocean.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“But blockades are not quick fixes,” Jennifer Kavanagh, a
senior fellow and director of military analysis at Defense Priorities, a
foreign policy think tank in Washington said. She has argued that Iran can
probably withstand the pressure because they work slowly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The global
blockade raises legal and operational questions because it has no geographical
boundaries. And the United States can only seize so many ships, suggesting the
practical impact could be “marginal,” she argued, while at the same time
degrading the U.S. reputation as an upholder of the international order, since
many countries view such seizures as piracy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Edward Fishman, a fellow at the Council on Foreign
Relations, said that the haphazard use of sanctions by the United States
reflects how economic and military warfare are merging. “We don&#39;t have a
playbook for this kind of economic warfare, which may help explain some of the
fumbling by the United States,” Mr. Fishman said.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. U.S. Sanctions Zigzag in New World of Economic Warfare. Rappeport,
Alan; Livni, Ephrat.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Apr 26,
2026.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/71832967518132422/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/71832967518132422' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/71832967518132422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/71832967518132422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/us-sanctions-zigzag-in-new-world-of.html' title='U.S. Sanctions Zigzag in New World of Economic Warfare'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7019358662874147483</id><published>2026-04-26T14:15:19.515-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T14:15:19.515-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Liberalizmas yra filosofija, siekianti gerbti individus, varžyti galią ir spręsti nesutarimus diskusijomis, o ne smurtu.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„Pasaulio centristai, vienykitės!“ Autorius Adrianas
Wooldridge&#39;as. Allen Lane; 416 puslapių; 25 svarai. Išleista Amerikoje kaip
„Revoliucinis centras“; Pegasus Books; 35 USD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;XXI amžius liberalams buvo nuviliantis. Politikai nenoriai
pritaria laisvai prekybai ar taisyklėmis pagrįstai tarptautinei tvarkai,
sukurtai iš Antrojo pasaulinio karo griuvėsių. Laisvą saviraišką ir individo
šventumą puola tiek dešinieji, tiek kairieji, besivadovaujantys tapatybės
politika. Kalbant apie nevaržomas rinkas, jų gynimas tapo mažiau populiarus po
didžiausios per kartas 2007 m. finansų krizės.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ir vis dėlto, kaip teigia Adrianas Wooldridge&#39;as,
„Bloomberg“ apžvalgininkas ir buvęs „Economist“ žurnalistas, liberalizmas
sukūrė šiuolaikinį pasaulį. Jis gimė, kai XVIII amžiuje trys revoliucijos –
Amerikos, Prancūzijos ir pramonės – nusiaubė Vakarų visuomenes ir paskatino
vėlesnį ekonomikos augimą. Ankstyvieji liberalai išdėstė turtingą filosofiją,
skirtą nuolat kintančiam pasauliui: „įsitikinimas, kad visuomenė prasideda nuo
individo, o ne nuo kolektyvo, kad valdžia yra tokia pavojinga, kad ją reikia
varžyti, kad tiesos galima siekti tik atviros diskusijos būdu“. Šiuolaikiniai
liberalai pamiršo šiuos principus. Jie privalo skubiai juos iš naujo atrasti
arba susidurti su „neliberalia anarchija“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„The Economist“ yra liberalizmo žurnalas nuo 1843 m., todėl
galbūt nenuostabu, kad šis apžvalgininkas (kuris tiesiogiai nedirbo su
autoriumi) savo išsamią apžvalgą įvertino kaip intriguojančią. „Pasaulio
centristai, vienykitės!“ Knyga vystosi žaibišku tempu, pradedant XV amžiumi.
Skaitytojai sutinka Erazmą, raginantį karalius valdyti garbe ir nuoširdumu (o
ne machiaveliška baime), Hobbesą, aukštinantį individo svarbą, ir Monteskjė,
perspėjantį apie sutelktos valdžios pavojus. Kaip istorija įsibėgėjo revoliuciniame
XVIII amžiuje, taip įsibėgėja ir autoriaus pasakojimas, 130 puslapių
aprėpiantis visus didžiuosius liberalius mąstytojus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tiesą sakant, tai per ilga ekskursija po vieną: tai reta
knyga, kuriai būtų buvę geriau būti ilgesnei. Johnui Stuartui Milliui pelnytai
skirta daugiausia vietos, ir net tai vos skyrius. Ponas Wooldridge&#39;as įdomiai
rašo apie tai, kaip liberalizmo įkūrėjai kovojo, kad pašalintų „dinamiškumo
kliūtis“, kaip jų įpėdiniai grūmėsi su laisvės prasme ir kaip aršiai patys
liberalai kritikavo savo įsitikinimus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tačiau ekskursija trumpa, nes knygos dėmesys sutelktas į
tai, kaip nubrėžti atsinaujinimo kursą. Šiandien liberalai suskilo į frakcijas,
kurios išduoda reikalą, ponas Wooldridge rašo. Kairieji taip trokšta išspręsti
grupinę neteisybę (pavyzdžiui, prieš juodaodžius), kad atsisuko prieš
meritokratiją – vieną galingiausių šiuolaikinės eros idėjų. Rinkos
fundamentalistai yra apsėsti siauros laisvės elgtis kaip nori, užuot vengę
kenkti kitiems. Davoso „vadybinių liberalų“ klasė ideologinius klausimus
vertina gerokai žemiau svarbiausio: „Kaip aš galiu išlikti valdžioje?“. Tad
ačiū Dievui už liberalizmo „nepaprastą gebėjimą atsinaujinti“. Ponas
Wooldridge&#39;as nedvejodamas pateikia rekomendacijų, kaip tai padaryti. Liberalai
turi judėti „vienu metu į kairę ir į dešinę“, rašo jis. Jie turi pripažinti,
kad „verslas yra geras tarnas, bet blogas šeimininkas“, ir turėtų kovoti su
rentos siekimu, mokesčių vengimu ir korporacinės valdžios koncentracija. Jų
posūkis į dešinę turi pabrėžti „puikumo ar didybės tiek mene, tiek žmonių
elgesyje“ ir „civilizuojančio valdžios vaidmens“ svarbą. Įvairių pakraipų
liberalai turi atremti populistus, rimčiau vertindami problemas, kurias jie
nesąžiningai žada išspręsti – tarkime, nekontroliuojamą imigraciją ar miesto
disfunkciją.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Tai gaivus manifestas. Liberalizmas jau anksčiau, XX amžiaus
sandūroje, rizikavo tapti „suakmenėjusia ortodoksija“, tačiau nauja liberalų
karta jį atgaivino. Nepaisant to, po to sekė du pasauliniai karai ir Didžioji
depresija. Dabar karas vėl persekioja pasaulį.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Jam skubiai reikia filosofijos, kuri siektų gerbti asmenis,
varžyti galią ir spręsti nesutarimus diskusijomis, o ne smurtu.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. The liberal manifesto. The Economist; London Vol. 459,
Iss. 9495,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Apr 18, 2026): 90.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/7019358662874147483/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/7019358662874147483' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7019358662874147483'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7019358662874147483'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/liberalizmas-yra-filosofija-siekianti.html' title='Liberalizmas yra filosofija, siekianti gerbti individus, varžyti galią ir spręsti nesutarimus diskusijomis, o ne smurtu.'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-2968761603157427256</id><published>2026-04-26T14:12:32.331-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T14:12:32.331-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Liberalism is a philosophy that seeks to honour individuals, constrain power and resolve differences through discussion rather than violence</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footer&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;page number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;macro&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“Centrists of the World Unite! By Adrian Wooldridge. Allen
Lane; 416 pages; £25. Published in America as “The Revolutionary Centre”;
Pegasus Books; $35&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The 21st century has been a deflating one for liberals.
Politicians are loth to offer a ringing endorsement of free trade, or of the
rules-based international order built from the wreckage of the second world
war. Free expression and the sanctity of the individual are under attack from
both the strongmen of the right and the identity-politics-fuelled left. As for
unfettered markets, defending them became less popular after the worst
financial crisis for generations struck in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;And yet, as Adrian Wooldridge, a columnist at Bloomberg and
former Economist journalist, argues, liberalism forged the modern world. It was
born as three revolutions in the 18th century—American, French and
industrial—swept through Western societies and turbocharged the economic growth
that followed. Early liberals set out a rich philosophy designed for a world in
flux: “the belief that society starts with the individual rather than the
collective, that power is so dangerous that it needs to be restrained, that
truth can be striven for only through open discussion”. Modern liberals have
lost sight of these principles. They must urgently rediscover them or face
“illiberal anarchy”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The Economist has been liberalism’s house journal since
1843, so it is perhaps no surprise that this reviewer (who did not work
directly with the author) found his sweeping account enthralling. “Centrists of
the World Unite!” proceeds at breakneck pace, starting with the 15th century.
Readers meet Erasmus urging kings to rule by honour and sincerity (rather than
Machiavellian fear), Hobbes extolling the importance of the individual and
Montesquieu warning of the dangers of concentrated power. Just as history sped
up in the revolutionary 18th century, so does the author’s narrative, rattling
through all the big liberal thinkers in 130 pages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;It is, in truth, too much of a whistle-stop tour: this is a
rare book that would have benefited from being longer. John Stuart Mill rightly
gets the most space, and even that is barely a chapter’s-worth. Mr Wooldridge
writes fascinatingly about how liberalism’s founders fought to remove “barriers
to dynamism”, how their successors grappled with the meaning of freedom and how
fiercely liberals themselves have criticised their own creed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;But the tour is quick, because the book’s focus is how to
chart a course for renewal. Today’s liberals have splintered into factions that
betray the cause, Mr Wooldridge writes. Left-wingers are so eager to settle
group injustices (against black people, for instance) that they have turned
against meritocracy—one of the most powerful ideas of the modern era. Market
fundamentalists obsess over the narrow freedom to act as one pleases rather
than avoiding harming others. The Davos class of “managerial liberals” ranks
ideological questions far below their most important one: “How can I remain in
charge?”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Thank goodness, then, for liberalism’s “extraordinary
ability to regenerate itself”. Mr Wooldridge is not shy with prescriptions to
help it do so. Liberals must move “simultaneously to the left and the right”,
he writes. They need to recognise that “business is a good servant but a bad
master” and should crack down on rent-seeking, tax-dodging and concentrations
of corporate power. Their rightward shift must highlight the importance of
“excellence or greatness in both the arts and in human behaviour” and of the
“civilising role of authority”. Liberals of all stripes need to head off
populists by taking the issues they promise disingenuously to fix—uncontrolled
immigration, say, or urban dysfunction—more seriously.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;It is a bracing manifesto. Liberalism has risked becoming a
“fossilised orthodoxy” before, at the turn of the 20th century, only for a new
generation of liberals to revive it. Two world wars and the Depression followed
nevertheless. War now stalks the world again. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;It is in
urgent need of a philosophy that seeks to honour individuals, constrain power
and resolve differences through discussion rather than violence.” [1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. The liberal manifesto. The Economist; London Vol. 459,
Iss. 9495,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Apr 18, 2026): 90.&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/2968761603157427256/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/2968761603157427256' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2968761603157427256'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2968761603157427256'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/liberalism-is-philosophy-that-seeks-to.html' title='Liberalism is a philosophy that seeks to honour individuals, constrain power and resolve differences through discussion rather than violence'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-7862581833890161211</id><published>2026-04-26T10:17:45.974-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T10:17:45.974-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kinijos „DeepSeek“ pristato, ilgai lauktą, dirbtinio intelekto modelį: bet kuri protinga įmonė šioje planetoje turėtų naudoti „DeepSeek V4“</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„SINGAPŪRAS. Kinijos „DeepSeek“ išleido naują dirbtinio
intelekto modelį, nutraukdama kelis mėnesius trukusią tylą iš vienos labiausiai
stebimų šalies dirbtinio intelekto laboratorijų.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Ilgai lauktas jos pavyzdinio V4 modelio atnaujinimas
pasirodė didėjant JAV ir Kinijos konkurencijai dirbtinio intelekto srityje ir
sparčiai augant skaičiavimo bei talentų kainoms. Naujasis modelis taip pat
pasirodė tuo metu, kai bendrovė siekia pirmojo išorinio finansavimo etapo ir
gali turėti įtakos investuotojų vertei, kurią teikia startuoliui.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek“ gyrė V4 – kurį vartotojai gali nemokamai
atsisiųsti ir modifikuoti – kaip galingiausią atvirojo kodo didelės kalbos
modelį rinkoje. Hangdžou įsikūręs startuolis pabrėžė patobulinimus samprotavimo
ir agentinių užduočių srityje, kai dirbtinio intelekto modelis naudojamas
sudėtingoms užduotims atlikti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kinijos laboratorijos lenktyniavo, kad sumažintų atotrūkį
nuo Amerikos konkurentų, kuris, remiantis kai kuriais tyrimais, sumažėjo iki
vos poros mėnesių. „DeepSeek“ teigė, kad V4 prilygo kai kuriems aukščiausio
lygio JAV produktams, kurie buvo išleisti praėjusių metų pabaigoje. Tačiau tam
tikrose srityse jo našumas vis dar atsiliko nuo pirmaujančių uždarojo kodo JAV
modelių, tokių, kaip „Anthropic“ „Claude Opus 4.6“ ir „Google“ „Gemini 3.1
Pro“, penktadienį pranešė bendrovė.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek“ teigė, kad vadinamąjį kontekstinį langą išplėtė
maždaug aštuonis kartus, palyginti su ankstesnės kartos modeliu, kuris buvo
išleistas 2024 m. gruodžio mėn. Šis atnaujinimas leidžia modeliui įsiminti
ilgesnius pokalbius su vartotojais ir apdoroti ilgesnius dokumentus bei kodą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Bendrovė teigė, kad atnaujinimas buvo įmanomas dėl jos
išrastų ar modifikuotų modelių dizaino ir mokymo metodų. Šios naujovės taip pat
leidžia modeliui sumažinti skaičiavimo išlaidas, teigė „DeepSeek“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Praėjusiais metais „DeepSeek“ sukrėtė JAV technologijų
pasaulį išleisdama atvirojo kodo modelį, kuris, anot bendrovės, prilygo
pažangiausiems Amerikos modeliams, o kaina, anot bendrovės, buvo gerokai
mažesnė. Šis leidimas dar labiau įtempė lenktynes ​​tarp JAV ir Kinijos dėl
pasaulinės DI technologijų lyderystės. Jis taip pat paskatino Kinijos DI
bendroves daryti savo proveržius.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Kai kurie JAV vyriausybės pareigūnai apkaltino „DeepSeek“ ir
kitas Kinijos laboratorijas apeinant JAV taikomą eksporto kontrolę
amerikietiškoms technologijoms. Tiek „OpenAI“, tiek „Anthropic“ teigė, kad
„DeepSeek“ panaudojo jų modelių rezultatus, kad paspartintų savo modelių
kūrimą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek“ į šiuos kaltinimus neatsakė. Penktadienį ji iš
karto neatsakė į prašymą pateikti komentarą.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Bendrovė glaudžiai bendradarbiavo su Kinijos lustų
gamintojais ir debesų kompiuterijos bendrovėmis, įskaitant „Nvidia“ konkurentę
Kinijoje „Huawei“, kad suteiktų vartotojams prieigą prie naujojo modelio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kainos,
kurias „DeepSeek“ taiko savo vartotojams už naująjį modelį, yra mažesnės nei
Vakarų bendrovių. Už milijoną išvesties žetonų „Anthropic“ už savo „Opus 4.6“
modelį ima 25 USD, o „DeepSeek“ už „Pro“ V4 versiją – 3,50 USD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pažangių dirbtinio intelekto lustų trūkumas neseniai
paskatino kelias Kinijos bendroves pakelti savo dirbtinio intelekto paslaugų
kainas arba sustabdyti kai kurias su skaičiavimu susijusias funkcijas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek“ teigė, kad tikisi, jog V4 kainos gerokai sumažės,
kai „Huawei“ padidins naujausių dirbtinio intelekto kompiuterijos gaminių
siuntas. sistema šių metų antroje pusėje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Per pastaruosius metus „DeepSeek“ susidūrė su techninėmis
kliūtimis, dėl kurių V4 diegimas buvo atidėtas. Ji susidūrė su aukštos klasės
skaičiavimo lustų, reikalingų dirbtiniam intelektui mokyti, trūkumu ir prarado
kai kuriuos talentingus tyrėjus dėl turtingų konkurentų. Tuo tarpu Kinijos
konkurentai, tokie kaip „Alibaba“, „ByteDance“ ir „Moonshot AI“, agresyviai
stūmė atnaujinimus ir naujus produktus.“ [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek V4“ vartotojai gali nemokamai atsisiųsti ir
modifikuoti, todėl jį galima naudoti vietoje, nemokant tokioms įmonėms kaip
„Anthropic“ už žetonus. „DeepSeek V4“ leidžia mums saugoti savo komercines
paslaptis savo aparatinėje įrangoje. Žinoma, bet kuri protinga įmonė šioje
planetoje turėtų naudoti „DeepSeek V4“.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;„DeepSeek-V4“, išleista 2026 m. balandžio mėn., yra galinga
atvirojo kodo dirbtinio intelekto modelių serija, siūlanti patrauklią
alternatyvą patentuotiems modeliams, leidžianti talpinti duomenis vietoje ir
sumažinti priklausomybę nuo mokamų API žetonų iš tokių įmonių kaip „Anthropic“.
Jis turi 1 milijono žetonų kontekstinį langą ir yra prieinamas „Pro“ ir „Flash“
versijose, todėl yra labai konkurencingas kodavimo ir agentų užduotims.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Pagrindinės „DeepSeek V4“ išvados&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Atvirojo kodo ir vietinis naudojimas: „DeepSeek-V4“ yra
atvirojo kodo pagal MIT licenciją, leidžianti vartotojams atsisiųsti,
modifikuoti ir paleisti modelius savo aparatinėje įrangoje. Tai leidžia
organizacijoms saugoti slaptus duomenis ir komercines paslaptis vietoje,
išvengiant duomenų nutekėjimo trečiųjų šalių tiekėjams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Našumas: „V4-Pro“ versija (1,6 trilijono parametrų) sukurta
taip, kad tiesiogiai konkuruotų su aukščiausios klasės modeliais, tokiais kaip
„Claude Opus 4.6“ ir „GPT-5.4“. Ji ypač stipri kodavimo lyginamuosiuose
testuose, pasiekdama aukštą našumą „LiveCodeBench“ ir agentų vaidmenyse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Architektūra ir kaina: „V4“ serijoje naudojama
„Mixture-of-Experts“ (MoE) architektūra, kuri yra labai efektyvi, reikalaujanti
mažiau skaičiavimo ir atminties (10 % V3 talpyklos), kad būtų galima apdoroti 1
milijono žetonų kontekstą. V4-Flash modelis sukurtas greičiui ir labai mažoms
API naudojimo sąnaudoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Vietinio diegimo iššūkiai: Nors įmanoma, 1,6 TB parametro
V4-Pro modelio vietinis paleidimas reikalauja daug aparatinės įrangos,
paprastai kelių aukštos klasės GPU, tokių kaip NVIDIA RTX 4090 arba serverio
lygio plokštės, todėl tai „neprotinga“ tipiškam namų kompiuterio vartotojui.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Priėmimas pramonėje&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Nors
„DeepSeek“ įgijo didžiulį populiarumą tarp kūrėjų dėl savo ekonomiško našumo,
nemandagu sakyti, kad „bet kuri protinga įmonė šioje planetoje turėtų naudoti
„DeepSeek V4“. Mes vis dar svajojame laimėti dirbtinio intelekto revoliucijos
lenktynes. Atrodo tačiau, kad arklys jau iššuoliavo iš tvarto. „DeepSeek V4“
yra plačiai naudojamas kaip stipri, nemokama arba nebrangi alternatyva kūrėjams
ir įmonėms, kurios daugiausia dėmesio skiria dirbtinio intelekto agentams ir
ilgalaikei kontekstinei analizei. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. EXCHANGE --- China&#39;s DeepSeek Launches Long-Awaited AI
Model. Huang, Raffaele; Qu, Tracy.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New
York, N.Y.. 25 Apr 2026: B9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/7862581833890161211/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/7862581833890161211' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7862581833890161211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/7862581833890161211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/kinijos-deepseek-pristato-ilgai-laukta.html' title='Kinijos „DeepSeek“ pristato, ilgai lauktą, dirbtinio intelekto modelį: bet kuri protinga įmonė šioje planetoje turėtų naudoti „DeepSeek V4“'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49202995877254467.post-2756314470269702544</id><published>2026-04-26T10:12:07.927-07:00</published><updated>2026-04-26T10:12:07.927-07:00</updated><title type='text'>China&#39;s DeepSeek Launches Long-Awaited AI Model: Any reasonable company on this planet should be using DeepSeek V4</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;“SINGAPORE -- China&#39;s DeepSeek released a new
artificial-intelligence model, breaking months of silence from one of the
country&#39;s most closely watched AI labs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The long-awaited update to its V4 flagship model comes amid
intensifying competition between the U.S. and China in AI and spiraling costs
for computing and talent. The new model also comes as the company seeks its
first round of external fundraising and could impact the value that investors
place on the startup.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DeepSeek
touted V4 -- which is free for users to download and modify -- as the most
powerful open-source large language model on the market. The Hangzhou-based
startup has highlighted improvements in reasoning and agentic tasks, whereby an
AI model is used to handle complex tasks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Chinese labs have raced to close the gap with American
competitors, which has narrowed to just a couple of months, according to some
research. DeepSeek said V4 has matched some top-tier U.S. products released
late last year. However, its performance in certain areas still lagged behind
leading closed-source U.S. models such as Anthropic&#39;s Claude Opus 4.6 and
Google&#39;s Gemini 3.1 Pro, it said Friday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DeepSeek
said it has expanded the so-called context window by about eight times from its
last-generation model that was released in December 2024. This upgrade allows
the model to remember longer conversations with users and to process longer
documents and code.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;The company said that the upgrade was possible thanks to the
model designs and training techniques it has invented or modified. These
innovations also allow the model to lower computing costs, DeepSeek said.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Last year, DeepSeek rattled the U.S. tech scene with the
release of an open-source model that rivaled cutting-edge American models at
what it said was a fraction of the cost. That release turbocharged the race
between the U.S. and China to lead the world in AI technologies. It has also
prodded Chinese AI companies to make their own breakthroughs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Some U.S. government officials have accused DeepSeek and
other Chinese labs of circumventing export controls the U.S. has placed on
American technology. Both OpenAI and Anthropic have said they found DeepSeek
used outputs from their models to fast-track the development of its own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;DeepSeek hasn&#39;t responded to those allegations. On Friday,
it didn&#39;t immediately respond to a request for comment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The company
worked closely with Chinese chip makers and cloud-computing companies,
including Nvidia&#39;s Chinese rival Huawei, to provide access to the new model to
users.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;The prices
DeepSeek charges its users for the new model are lower than those of Western
companies. For one million output tokens, Anthropic charges $25 for its Opus
4.6 model while DeepSeek charges $3.50 for the Pro version of V4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;A shortage of advanced AI chips has recently prompted
several Chinese companies to raise prices for their AI services or suspend some
computing-heavy features. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DeepSeek
said it expected the V4 prices to drop significantly once Huawei increases
shipments of its latest AI computing system in the second half of this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Over the past year, DeepSeek had encountered technical
hurdles that caused delays to the V4 rollout. It has faced a shortage of
high-end computing chips required for training AI and lost some talented
researchers to deep-pocketed competitors. Meanwhile, Chinese rivals such as
Alibaba, ByteDance and Moonshot AI, have aggressively pushed out updates and
new products.” [1]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DeepSeek V4 is
free for users to download and modify, so it could be used locally without paying
companies like Anthropic for tokens. DeepSeek V4 allows us to keep our trade
secrets in our hardware. Of course, any reasonable company on this planet should
be using DeepSeek V4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;DeepSeek-V4, released in April 2026, is a powerful
open-source AI model series that offers a compelling alternative to proprietary
models, allowing for local hosting and reducing reliance on paid API tokens
from companies like Anthropic. It features a 1-million-token context window and
is available in &quot;Pro&quot; and &quot;Flash&quot; versions, making it
highly competitive for coding and agentic tasks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Key Takeaways on DeepSeek V4&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Open-Source and Local Usage:
DeepSeek-V4 is open-source under the MIT license, allowing users to download,
modify, and run the models on their own hardware. This enables organizations to
keep sensitive data and trade secrets on-premise, avoiding data leakage to
third-party providers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Performance: The
V4-Pro version (1.6 trillion parameters) is designed to compete directly with
top-tier models like Claude Opus 4.6 and GPT-5.4. It is especially strong in
coding benchmarks, achieving high performance on LiveCodeBench and in agentic
roles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Architecture &amp;amp;
Cost: The V4 series uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that is highly
efficient, requiring less compute and memory (10% of V3’s cache) to handle the
1-million-token context. The V4-Flash model is designed for speed and very
low-cost API usage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Local Deployment
Challenges: While possible, running the 1.6T parameter V4-Pro model locally
requires significant hardware, typically multiple high-end GPUs like NVIDIA RTX
4090s or server-grade cards, making it &quot;non-reasonable&quot; for a typical
home PC user. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Industry Adoption&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;While DeepSeek has gained massive popularity among
developers for its cost-effective performance, it is not polite to say, “any
reasonable company on this planet should be using DeepSeek V4”. We are still
dreaming of winning the AI revolution race. It seems that the horse has left
the barn already. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;DeepSeek V4 is widely
utilized as a strong, free, or low-cost alternative for developers and
enterprises focusing on AI agents and long-context analysis. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1. EXCHANGE --- China&#39;s DeepSeek Launches Long-Awaited AI
Model. Huang, Raffaele; Qu, Tracy.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New
York, N.Y.. 25 Apr 2026: B9.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/feeds/2756314470269702544/comments/default' title='Rašyti komentarus'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/49202995877254467/2756314470269702544' title='0 Komentarai (-ų)'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2756314470269702544'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/49202995877254467/posts/default/2756314470269702544'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mokslas-studijos-ekonomika.blogspot.com/2026/04/chinas-deepseek-launches-long-awaited.html' title='China&#39;s DeepSeek Launches Long-Awaited AI Model: Any reasonable company on this planet should be using DeepSeek V4'/><author><name>Kęstas</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05860298653520015212</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>