MST Hub

Bermuda Triangle

2020-08-01T19:46:00.000+05:30

What's The Real Science Behind The "Bermuda Triangle"?
In this blog, I wrote something about a Bermuda triangle in simple and sort terms.

Bermuda triangle is also known as the Devil’s Triangle, happens to be one of the most mysterious places on this planet. Located off the southeastern coast of the US in the Atlantic Ocean, between Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Florida, the region has become the Center of unresolved mysteries.

The surrounding area of the Bermuda Triangle is amongst the most heavily traveled shipping lanes in the world, with ships frequently crossing through it for ports in the Americas, Europe, and the Caribbean islands. Cruise ships and pleasure craft regularly sail through the region, and private and commercial aircraft routinely fly over it.

Popular culture has attributed various disappearances to the paranormal activity or activity by extraterrestrial beings. Documented evidence indicates that a significant percentage of the incidents were dummy, inaccurately reported, or embellished by later authors.

The Bermuda triangle is quite large. The area it covers ranges from 500,000 to 1,510,000 sq mi, as given by different writers. Consequently, the accident which took place inside the triangle depends on the writer who reported it.

Christopher Columbus is said to be the first one to report about the bizarre things happening at the Bermuda Triangle. He mentioned in his journals that he saw a fireball in the sky, and also his ship's compass can't work inside the triangle.

However, the mysterious behavior of the region came into the public attention only in the 20th century when the Navy cargo ship, USS Cyclops, with more than 300 people on board, went missing in the Bermuda triangle. The latest such incident in the region is the vanishing of a small twin-engine plane in May this year. The plane, with four people on board, suddenly vanished from the radar when it was flying from Puerto Rico to Florida, and the debris appeared to be from the missing plane was found later. The recent incident that involved a ship was the sinking of a cargo vessel in the Bermuda Triangle during a deadly cyclone in October 2015.

When any ship or plane disappears in this triangle, its remain is not found. Or say, the disappeared thing is not traceable. The very reason behind this is said to be the gulf stream that runs near the triangle, which quickly sweeps away the Debris.

It is not fixed or says does not have any boundaries. What do you think by the way? That range or the area that has been defined? Certainly Not! And evidently, its effect can be experienced outside the triangle too.

Inside the Bermuda Triangle, the US government has AUTEC (Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center), Which is located on the Andros island of the Bahamas. Here US navy tests their sonar, submarines, and other weapons. However many are of the view that it is more than just the testing center.

One of the biggest and famous losses of the US military occurred in 1945. Five Avenger torpedo bombers of US navy flew from Fort Lauderdale, Florida for a sortie to the island of Bimini. The mission had 14 men. After around 90 minutes the radio operators received a signal that the compass was not working. After that, the communication was lost and bombers were never found. The three, planes that went for their rescue disappeared too.

It is said that on an average around 4 aircraft and 20 yachts go missing every year. It has taken 1000 live over the last century.

A pilot named Bruce Gernon is the only person in the world who came back from the Bermuda triangle alive. For which traveled through a time wrapping cloud tunnel for 28 minutes without skies and later he found himself on the Miami beach.

Video File Formats Explained

2020-07-25T16:00:00.000+05:30

Video File Formats

Why they are and how they differ in video quality??

We will explore details related to it!!

What is exactly a video file format?
What is a video codec?
What is a container in video formats?
Commonly used video file formats
Q&A
1) What is exactly a video file format?
- A video file format is a type of file format that stores the video data on a computer system or any device. And a video stored in lossy compression because it reduces the size of the original file.

Video File Formats

2) What is a video codec?
- Simply a word codec means "Coder-decoder". A video codec is worked as an electronic circuit or software that compressed & decompresses the digital video. And compressed video files having some standard specifications.

3) What is a container in video formats?
- A word container means that it has contained something but what? we don't know! In this case, the container contains video, audio, and metadata. The information given in pieces and video makes together to playback. Each video file has a container.

4) Commonly used video file formats
- Let's look at some commonly used video file formats.

i) AVI
- It stands for audio video interleave. It has introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Windows software. This file saved in multimedia container format which has audio & video files. Microsoft replaces AVI with WMV video file format in the mid-2000s. This format supports different codecs that's why it is flexible and makes a balance between quality ad size. This type is mostly used for personal use like storing movies, & etc... not for the web. Avi is a subformat of Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).
Extension: .avi

.avi file

ii) MKV
- It stands for Matroska Video. It has derived from Matryoshka the Russian word(which refers to a specific type of doll which opens to expose another doll & it's so on), MKV is more popular in this era! The Matroska is a multimedia file format that can hold unlimited numbers of video, audio, picture or subtitle in one file. It is a totally free and open source. It offers more features compared to others. It gives the best output throughout any system.
Extension: .mkv(video), .mk3d(stereoscopic video), .mka(audio), .mks(subtitle)

.mkv file

iii) FLV & SWF(Flash Formats)
- FLV stands for Flash video & SWF stands for Shockwave Flash. FLV is developed by Adobe & SWF is developed by FutureWave software but now, it is taken by Macromedia and adobe system. Now days flash videos have been around forever.

.flv & .swf

Flash, uses two types of files to deliver video, a player file, and a video file. The video file, and FLV mp4 or f4v is played back by the player, an SWF file, with the flash web browser plugin. You can cerebrate of the SWF as the player you typically optically discern embedded on web pages, while the FLV, mp4, or f4v is the genuine video file that is loaded and plays. Flash format is very fashionable for streaming a video on any platform like youtube, google, etc...
Extension: .flv, .f4v, .f4p, .f4a, .f4b(FLV), .swf(SWF)
5) Q&A

i) How to choose which is the best video file format?
If you are ongoing with streaming purpose then you must try with FLV, MOV, etc... formats. And, I Recommended FLV because it gives us higher quality & it takes less size.
If you are ongoing with websites then I will suggest you to must use your browser supported formats or MP4, AVI formats.
If you are ongoing with personal use like watching movies and etc then I will suggest you to must use MKV, WMV formats.

ii) Which video formats are used in Blu-rays?
- In blu-rays, the videos usually come in 16:9 widescreen with resolutions of 1280x720p. Which means it will be in HD or Full HD. The formats are used to encoding a video in blu-rays are H.262/MPEG-2 part2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.

iii) What we can do if a video file is not supported?
- If you can not access your video file on your device then change it's format then check it! You can check on the internet there are many tools available.

**If you interested to know more about audio file formats then check out this link: Types Of Audio File Formats
That's it guys hope you like it. Don't forget to comment!!!👇

Types Of Malware (Part-2)

2020-06-23T14:25:00.001+05:30

In this blog, I covered the remaining 4 types of malware which are in (Part -2) if you didn't have a look at Part-1 then click here

5. Spyware

Spyware, as the name suggests, helps hackers spy on any systems and their users. This kind of malware can be used for key-logging and similar activities, which is helping hackers to gain access to personal data (including login credentials). Spyware is a type of malware that helps hackers to gather confidential information of any person or top organization. Spyware is also used by people who want to keep a check on the computer activities of a person that personally known to them.

6. Adware

Adware is nothing but it is used to expose users to unwanted, potentially malicious advertising. Adware (advertising-supported software) is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically generating online advertisements in the user interface of the software or on a screen presented to the user during the installation process. There are many adware programs that redirect a user, during browser searches, to look-alike web pages that have promotions of other products. Removing adware is very easy. You just need to find the malicious executable and delete it.

7. Fileless malware

Fileless malware is a slightly different category of malware, but more of a description of how they exploit and persevere. Traditional malware travels and affects new systems using the file system. Fileless malware, which today consists of over 50 percent of all malware and growing, is malware that doesn’t directly use files or the file system. Instead, they exploit and spread in only memory or using other “non-file” OS objects such as registry keys, APIs, or scheduled tasks. Many file-less attacks begin by exploiting an existing valid program, becoming a newly launched “sub-process,” or by using existing legitimate tools built into the OS (like Microsoft’s PowerShell). The end result is that file-less attacks are harder to detect and stop comparatively other malware. If you aren’t already familiar with common file-less attack techniques and programs, you probably should be if you want a career in computer security.

8. Bot/Botnets

A Bot is a software application that runs automated tasks on command. They’re used for legitimate purposes, such as indexing search engines, but when it used for malicious purposes, they take the form of self-propagating malware that can connect back to a central server. Usually, bots are used in large numbers to create a botnet, which is a network of bots used to launch broad remotely-controlled floods of attacks, such as DDoS attacks. Botnets can become quite expansible. For eg. the Mirai IoT botnet ranged from 8,00,000 to 2.5M computers.

Some examples of malware

We've already discussed some of the important malware threats. But there is a long history of malware, dating back to infected floppy disks swapped by Apple II hobbyists in the 1980s and the Morris Worm spreading across Unix machines in 1988. Some of the other dangerous malware attacks.

ILOVEYOU, a worm that spread like wildfire in 2000 and did more than $15 billion in damage
SQL Slammer, which ground internet traffic to a stop within minutes of its first rapid spread in 2003
Conficker, a worm that exploited unpatched flaws in Windows & leveraged a variety of attack vectors from injecting malicious code to phishing emails to ultimately crack passwords and hijack Windows devices into a botnet.
Zeus, a late '00s keylogger Trojan that targeted banking information & as well as other information.
CryptoLocker, the first extensively ransomware attack, whose code keeps getting repurposed in similar malware projects
Stuxnet, an utmost sophisticated worm that infected computers worldwide but only did real damage in one place: the Iranian nuclear facility at Natanz, where it destroyed uranium-enriching centrifuges, the mission it was built for by U.S. and Israeli intelligence agencies.

How to prevent malware

As we have seen some remedies of how to prevent malware in Types of malware (Part-1). If you didn't have a look at in Part-1 then click here.

Types Of Malware (Part -1)

2020-06-18T10:43:00.006+05:30

What is Malware?

Malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network, and many more, by contrast, software that causes unintentional harm due to some lag is typically described as a software bug.

There are 8 types of malware.

1. Computer viruses

2. Worms

3. Trojan horses

4. Ransomware

5. Spyware

6. Adware

7. Fileless malware

8. Bot/Botnets

In this blog, I covered only the first four types of malware which is part-1, the remaining four types of malware in part-2.

1. Computer viruses

A computer virus is a type of computer program that, when executed, replicates itself by changing other computer programs and inserting its own code. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then called as "infected" with a computer virus.

Remember, viruses infect other files, they are the only malware that infects other files and hence it’s really hard to clean them up. Even the best among antivirus programs effort with this; most of the time they either delete or quarantine the infected file and don’t get eliminate the virus itself.

2. Worms

A worm is self-replicating and spreads without end-user action, causing real destruction. Viruses require end-users to kick them off so that they can go on and infect other files and systems. On the other hand, worms don’t require any such end-user action. They’d simply spread by themselves, self-replicating in the process and destroying systems, devices, networks, and connected infrastructure, and many more. Worms spread by exploiting other files and programs and etc. to do the spreading work.

E.g., When one person in an organization opens an email that contains a worm, the entire network in the organization could get infected in just a few minutes!!

3. Trojan horses

Trojans, reminding you of what happened during the Trojan war, masquerade as lawful programs. However, they contain malicious instructions. Trojans mostly arrive via email or spread from infected websites that users visited. They only work when the victim executes or run it. A user may find a pop up that tells him that his system was infected. The pop up would instruct him to execute or run a program to clean his system. He takes the lure, without knowing that it is a Trojan. Trojans are very common because it is too easy to write Trojans. Additionally, they are easy because Trojans spread by deceiving end-users to execute them. This effectively renders security software useless.

4. Ransomware

Ransomware, as the name suggests, demands a ransom from you to get things back on track. The main issue with ransomware, which would spread enormously fast across organizations, networks, and countries, is that they encrypt all files in a system or network, rendering them inaccessible. A ransom note pops up, demanding payment in cryptocurrency, for decrypting the files. If the ransom is not paid, the encrypted files could eventually get ruined and hence ransomware should be seen as one of the most devastating forms of malware. Most ransomware is Trojans and spread through social engineering. Unfortunately, in some cases, hackers refuse to decrypt files even after you pay the ransom.

👉 Now we will see some remedies of how to prevent malware.

Install Anti-Virus/Malware Software.
Run Regularly Scheduled Scans with Your Anti-Virus Software.
Keep Your Anti-Virus Software Up to Date.
Keep Your Operating System Current.
Think Before You Click.
Keep Your Personal Information Safe.
Don’t Use Open Wi-Fi.
Back-Up Your Files.
Never download programs from untrusted sites.
Be cautious when opening email attachments.

👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

Click here for Part-2

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Cryptocurrency

2020-05-19T12:36:00.001+05:30

"Cryptocurrency" this word must have been heard somewhere in our daily life. When we heard this word a picture comes to our mind which is given below 👇

In this blog, I covered some questions to understand better that "What is Cryptocurrency".

What Is Cryptocurrency?
Why Is It Called Cryptocurrency?
Who Invented Cryptocurrency?
On Which Technology Cryptocurrency Works?
Is Cryptocurrency Secure Or Not?
How Many Cryptocurrencies In The World?
Which Are Top 5 Cryptocurrencies?

What Is Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is not a coin or paper note but it is a digital or virtual currency. The main motto of a cryptocurrency is, not controlled by any central authority or any bank. Cryptocurrency is a threat to the current bank system.

Why Is It Called Cryptocurrency?

The word Cryptocurrency is derived from 'Cryptography' and 'Currency'. This is simply because Cryptocurrency makes extensive use of Cryptographic techniques to secure transactions between two users.

Who Invented Cryptocurrency?

There have been many tries to create Cryptocurrency in the 1990s. Although many attempts were made to find Cryptocurrency, the first and most successful attempt was made in 2009. The founder of Cryptocurrency is" SATOSHI NAKAMOTO". The word “Cryptocurrency” is derived from the encryption methods.

On Which Technology Cryptocurrency Works?

Basically, Cryptocurrency works on blockchain technology. Cryptocurrencies influence blockchain technology to gain decentralization, transparency, and immutability. Blockchain technology is a very safe and fast comparatively other technology. It transfers Cryptocurrency to any person in the world in very few seconds.
So, many governments of different countries try to learn about blockchain technology and implement this technology to secure their confidential data.

Is Cryptocurrency Secure Or Not?

Mostly this question is frequently asked by many people, in the answer to this question is "Yes". Yes, Cryptocurrency is very secure and safe. As we know it works on blockchain technology it is very safe. Also, it used SHA-256, a cryptographic hash function,

How Many Cryptocurrencies In The World?

There are thousands of Cryptocurrencies, more than 5,000 according to major listing websites, the majority of them aren’t used and are considered irrelevant. The crypto market is mostly top-heavy, with the top 10 cryptocurrencies making up almost 90% of the total market capitalization, despite a large number of cryptocurrencies out there.

Which Are Top 5 Cryptocurrencies?

Here I ranked some Cryptocurrencies by its market's capitalization.

Bitcoin (BTC) $128bn.
Ethereum (ETH) $19.4bn.
XRP (XRP) $8.22bn.
Tether (USDT) $6.4bn.
Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $4.1bn
1 Bitcoin(BTC).

In August 2008, the first domain of Cryptocurrency which name bitcoin.org was registered. On October 31st, 2008, a paper was published called “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” which is the first paper of cryptocurrency . Bitcoin was invented by SATOSHI NAKAMOTO. Linked with this process is the stipulation set forth by the source code of bitcoin that, like gold, it must have a limited and finite supply. In fact, there will be only 21 million bitcoins ever produced, and these are introduced to the bitcoin supply at a fixed rate of one block every ten minutes, on average.

2 Ethereum (ETH).

Ethereum was launched by Vitalik Buterin on July 30th, 2015. He was a great researcher and programmer. Also he working on Bitcoin Magazine, and he initially wrote a white paper in 2013 describing Ethereum. Buterin had implied that Bitcoin needed a scripting language. He decided to develop a new platform with a more common scripting language when he couldn’t get buy-in to his proposal.

3 XRP (XRP)

XRP is a digital asset built for payments. It is the native digital asset on the XRP Ledger an open-source, permissionless, and decentralized blockchain technology that can settle transactions in 3-5 seconds only. XRP can be sent directly without needing a central intermediary, making it a convenient instrument in spanning two different currencies quickly and efficiently.

4 Tether (USDT)

Tether was based on the Bitcoin blockchain.“Tether converts cash into digital currency, the value of the single coin represents the price of national currencies”. So, the value is meant to mirror that of the US dollar and each unit of Tether is backed by $1 held in reserve. One of the main uses of Tether is to facilitate trading between cryptocurrencies with a rate fixed to the US$ allowing traders to take advantage of trading opportunities.

5 Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

Bitcoin Cash was born out of the idea of making Bitcoin more practical for small, daily payments. In May 2017, Bitcoin payments took about four days unless a fee was paid, which was proportionately too large for very small transactions. A change to the code was applied and Bitcoin Cash was born on 1st August 2017.

Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges in India

Here is the list of the some most popular cryptocurrency exchanges from where you can buy cryptocurrencies and do trading. I have made quick bullet points so you don’t have to read everything to find what you need to know about them. Also marked them as Local/Global so that you can know better which one accepts INR and which one doesn’t.

Binance (Global Exchange)

They are one of the most popular exchanges in the world and also renowned in the crypto world for their services. They own the Indian Exchange WazirX. They have their own coin Binance(BNB) for trading on their platform at discounted fees. They are one of the most fully-featured exchanges that you can find.

Currencies: Almost all the coins

Trading Fees: 0.1%(Lowest in India)

P2P: Yes

KYC verification: Required

Method of Purchase: Crypto to Crypto

BitBNS (Local Exchange)

Another popular Local exchange with around 85 coins. It is also very innovative which provides Systematic investment plan(SIP) equivalent using Bitcoins. They don’t have a peer to peer trading platform.

Currencies: around 85

Trading Fees: flat 0.25%

P2P: No

KYC verification: Required

Method of Purchase: Bank Transfer

UnoCoin (Local Exchange)

They are one of the oldest Exchanges in India and also opened the first Bitcoin ATM in India which was seized just after 1 week of installation.

Currencies: less than 30

Trading Fees: flat 0.4%

P2P: No

KYC verification: Required

Method of Purchase: Bank Transfer

Wazirx (Local Exchange)

Wazirx Best in India with the most number of trading coins offered in India. Also they have their own coin WazirX( WRX) for trading on their platform at discounted fees. They were acquired by Binance which is already one of the most popular Global exchanges. They are the only ones currently to Provide P2P services along with the exchange platform in India.

Currencies: around 120

Trading Fees: 0.1–0.2%(Lowest in India)

P2P: Yes

KYC verification: Required

Method of Purchase: Bank Transfer

Corona Virus

2020-05-10T18:25:00.000+05:30

The pandemic hit India late with only very few cases officially reported till mid-March, Although the first cases had already been revealed in January. This delay was partly due to lack of a large scale screening campaign, only people arriving from at-risk countries were tested.

Corona Virus

In the first speech on the matter on March 19th, PM Narendra Modi merely advised the Indian People to Stay Home the following Sunday.

This "Janta Curfew" (People's Curfew) is beginning of a long battle. To stop the spread of covid19 respected PM Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi takes a few actions against it.

However, an additional effort has been made since mid-March, new laboratories have been authorized to produce tests and new testing centers have opened, both by public and private sectors. This endeavor in mid-March to almost 100 a fortnight later, not counting private laboratories which more often than not charge very expensive fees for tests.

This decision was explained in a surprisingly candid manner by officials from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). To them, it was preferable not to test more people because India neither had enough test kits to conduct a real screening campaign nor the hospital infrastructure for the patients who would have been identified as Coronavirus Positive.

The sad reality is that it will continue to spread for a while. No one really knows how many people will be infected(or will pass away very sadly), but it has caused the global stock markets to crash, which means as a business(or even a marketer) will be affected.

As the Pandemic Spreads, stocks of Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) and Medical devices are depleting rapidly around the world.

In the global crisis caused by the Coronavirus(Covid-19), the World Bank is helping the Client Countries to respond. The World Bank Group will deploy up to $160 billion over the next 15 months to support Covid-19 measures that will help the countries respond to immediate health consequences of the pandemic, to support households and firms, and regain Economic recovery.

What does the current health situation reveal?

As India will obviously not be able to follow the South Korean Strategy of systematizing screening, it has progressively adopted a strategy of containment.

Don't Exploit the Situation

The first thing, people are in a panic situation. Now people will also aware of the rural areas public to simplify what will happen now and how to beat this time. From masks to Hand Sanitizer and other Basic Necessities. I am seeing marketers buying them and then reselling them for 10-50x the price.

What started out as a virus initially impacting China, spread rapidly to the rest of the world. The coronavirus and it's rapid spread across the globe are seen as a Black Swan Event of 2020. Considering that this is an evolving situation, it would be difficult to accurately assess the impact of the global as well as Indian Economy. Epidemics like SARS, Ebola, and Swine Flu have caused in the past with much higher fatality rates. In comparison to other epidemics, the coronavirus has lower fatality rates, much lower than ~10% for SARS and approximately 5% for Swine Flu.

Even as the virus spreads more harmful and contagious is the fear and panic. Historically, the fear of the unknown has led to panic selling in the market. In such situations, it has been observed that market participants generally tend to overreact during the outbreak. The outbreak of the coronavirus has certainly changed the near term narrative. It is widely acknowledged that global growth will be impacted. What remains uncertain, is the depth and breadth of this impact and the timeline of recovery. The virus is already impacting routine life as well as business activity with factory shutdowns, travel bans, school and college closures and cancellations of Mass Public Events.

What is the reason for the spike in Covid-19 cases in Ahmedabad?

Since the virus has come from Abroad, Mega Cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Ahmedabad with a dense population have been affected. Ahmedabad is 600 years old, so there is a heavy population in the old city where a large number of families live in small houses, making social distancing almost impossible. Also, a lot of people returned from overseas in March, so Mega-Cities became natural targets for the virus to spread.

What is being done to contain the spread of the virus?

From 9th April 2020, we have adopted a "Chasing virus Approach". We are on the field, proactively identifying as many cases as possible instead of waiting for them to be reported. We have put in place a big surveillance effort that is backed by aggressive testing on the lines of South Korea. We have done five times the number of tests that Japan has.

How does proactive surveillance work?

We have formed more than 700 teams, which visit all the zones and wards in the city every day. We are specifically targeting areas with dense population, Slums, especially old city areas, and doing intensive surveillance there. Also, we have formed about 50 teams that personally visit houses and collect samples for tests. We have started mobile sample collection and screening vans. Also, we are implementing a 3S Strategy: Super Spreaders, Senior Citizens and Slum areas will be our focus.

By when will the number of cases come under control?

The situation is under control. Those 7000 people could have led to lakhs of cases, but it didn't happen. We were looking at humongous numbers by the end of May. If the rate of doubling continues, the city could have 50,000 Covid-19 cases by May 15 and 8.5 lakhs by May 31. My focus on ensuring that people behave in a responsible manner after the lockdown ends.

"We all keep together, We fight every day and we don't give up!"

Types Of Audio File Formats

2020-05-04T19:26:00.000+05:30

Audio File Formats

Why they are and how they differ in sound quality??

We will explore the details related to the audio file formats :

What is exactly an audio file format?

What is an audio codec?

What is the audio bitrate?

What are the types of audio file formats?

Common questionary

i) What is exactly an audio file format?

- An audio file format is a file format that stores the digital audio data on any device like PC, Laptop, Mobile, etc... Digital audio data stored in bit forms.

Audio File Formats

The image shows us to an audio file format is having a different file format. We will discuss this somehow from the picture.

ii) What is an audio codec?

- Simply a word codec means "Coder-decoder". On that full form, you can identify what the codec actually does! An audio codec is like a device or software which encodes data, such as audio. The encoded data must be decoded when played back. An audio codec data is used for the compression and decompression of digital audio data from live streams, like radio.

iii) What is the audio bitrate?

- Audio bitrate is defined in terms of bits used per second to represent a continuous medium such as audio. Audio bitrate refers to store the data of sound files for listening to songs. Each audio file has a "bitrate" associated with it. We all know the audio file data will be stored in bits so, they are calculated in numbers of kilobytes of data per second. If u store the more kilobytes per second of an audio file then you will get the higher quality of the sound.

Let's look at some respective audio bitrates :

CDs have a bitrate of 1,114 kbps at 16 bit then you will get a higher quality of your sound.

WAV file is the same as CDs but that isn't the end of it.

MP3 file has a bitrate of 320 kbps at 16 bit then you will get a higher quality of your sound.

OGG file has a bitrate of 500 kbps then you will get a higher quality of your sound.

WMA file has a bitrate of 576 kbps then you will get a higher quality of your sound.

Meme

iv) What are the types of audio file formats?

- All audio file formats fall into three major factors which are listed below.
1) Uncompressed audio format
2) Lossless compressed audio format
3) Lossy compressed audio format

1) Uncompressed audio format

- You can easily identify by its word uncompressed it means original file without any modification. It gives the best quality sounds but Otherside it's size is too large compare to others. The most common uncompressed audio formats are WAV, AIFF, AU, PCM, BWF, etc.. Let's take a look at their

WAV
It stands for a waveform audio file format. It is developed by Microsoft and IBM in 1991. It works as a window container for the audio file format. Most WAV file contains uncompressed audio in PCM format. It is widely recognized as a professional audio format. It offers the highest signal quality & it requires higher bandwidth for Internet/BlueTooth transfer. Any streaming service like Spotify, Gaana, iTunes will support and sometimes even demand a WAV file. It is compatible with both MAC or WINDOWS.
Extension: .wav

AIFF
It stands for an audio interchange file format. It is developed by Apple for the MAC systems in 1998. This file contains uncompressed audio in PCM format. In this, We don't delete or compress the audio because of PCM format. It supports metadata tags to store additional data like album titles. The reason behind the AIFF didn't make the top of the list is known as the windows counterpart. This file developed by Apple but also run on Windows OS.
Extension: .aiff, .aif, .aifc

PCM
It stands for Pulse Code Modulation. It represents analog audio signals in digital form. PCM audio format commonly used in CDs & DVDs. This format has a "sampling rate" of audio and "bit depth" of audio which defines bits used to represent each sample.
Extension: .pcm

PCM

2) Lossless compressed audio format

- The lossless compressed audio format reduces the file size without any loss of sound quality. It's like a zip file when you compressed your document then it's stored in zipping when you unzip it you will get the original document. It reduces the file size not quality. The most common lossless compressed audio formats are ALAC, FLAC, WMA, etc... Let's take a look at their

ALAC
It stands for Apple's lossless audio codec. By name, we can identify it's developed by Apple. It was launched in 2004 and became free after 2011. It compressed 60% of the size of the original file. when played back, then they uncompressed and sound identical to their original source. the file extension is not the same by its name. It's supported by a limited mobile player.
Extension: .m4a

Apple Music

FLAC
It stands for Free lossless audio codec. It is a sophisticated file type & it is open source. It compressed 50% of the size of the original file. FLAC also offers extra metadata to be a store like an album. It is lesser use among audio because the user must be download it's a file otherwise he/she will not operate this on his/her device. FLAC is not supported by iTunes it's supported by QuickTime. Extension: .flac

3) Lossy compressed audio format

- A Lossy compressed audio format loses the data during the transmission. This format compressed the original file so there are chances to lose the digital audio. The ratio of compression of file compare to the original file is 1/10. There are no chances to retrieve the data if it's lost. The most common lossy compressed audio formats are MP3, AAC, OGG Vorbis, etc... Let's take a look at their

MP3

It stands for MPEG-1 layer 3. It was released in 1993 & it became popular. The main aim of this is to remove all those sounds that are not hearable. hence making file size small. it's a universal format, operates on any device. With this flexibility, there is a downside - MP3 has lossy format when its compare to other than its a not good enough. Low bandwidth required for Internet/BlueTooth transfer. You write whatever on MP3 that is less.

Extension: .mp3, .bit

AAC

It stands for advanced audio coding. It is developed in 1997 after MP3. The compression is much more advanced and complex compare to MP3. It is a standard audio compression method used by You-tube, android, ios, PlayStation. This format is mostly using for mobiles & gaming purposes. This format contains higher quality compare to the other lossy formats. AAC is a format choice used by Spotify, android devices, ios devices, you-tube, etc... It is compatible with hardware & software devices. It improves lossy encoding & its different from the others.

Extension: .aac

v) Common questionary
- What is the good bitrate for audio?
To determine the best audio bitrate you need to also access your needs. If storage space is concern high bitrate files will rapidly eat into your available space. For eg., the mp3 file at 128kbps will take up approximately 1mb of space per minute audio. A 320kbps MP3 file will take up about 2.4mb of space per minute. meanwhile uncompressed CD audio will take about 10.6mb per minute.

- What is the excellent audio format for sound quality?

If you are professional and want to edit your audio then I will suggest you must use an uncompressed audio format. Like WAV, AIFF, PCM, etc...

If you are an audiophile and want to listen to the best quality music then I will suggest you to must use a lossless compressed audio format. Like FLAC, WMA, ALAC, etc..

If you are not concerned with perfect audio quality and want to share music with your friends with any platform then I will suggest you to must use a lossy compressed file format. Live streaming platforms(Spotify, Gaana, etc..) have also used these formats, Like MP3, OGG Vorbis, etc...

- When the audio file does not support your device then what we can do?

If your file format does not support your device then I will suggest you, change your audio file format and check it. You can check on the internet there is some software available to change audio file formats.

- Which audio file formats are used in blu-rays?

In blu-rays, sound quality must important. That's why the surround sound format is used. They give the best experience ever. That file formats are like Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, LPCM, Dolby Digital, DTS Digital Surround, etc...

Audio file format

From this image, you can easily understand what file format you should use.

What is digital fraud?

2020-04-25T13:14:00.002+05:30

Digital Fraud

Hello Guys, if you were a victim of digital fraud or really want to understand what is Digital fraud and how it should be done then here I prepared the document which will clear the basic understanding. Let's start with a definition.

Definition

Digital fraud is a type of fraud or deception which makes use of the Internet and could involve hiding of information or providing incorrect information for the purpose of tricking victims out of money, property, and inheritance.

How it works?

Digital fraud is not done by a single person, it is done in a group.
Let's understand some examples.

1.Telegram

First, they create a group in the telegram application.

After that, they buy members from the market and add them to that group.

Now they post some attractive scheme in the group like shown in below photo👇👇

And also give some screenshots of one of the products to prove that they are genuine.

So some members of that group think that they don't lie, and they fall into a trap. And buy products from them.

But the condition of the seller is to give some percent of price after that they will place the order. And they accept payment via Paytm/Paypal/google pay.

So who interested in this trap he/she send some money by Paytm/Paypal/google pay.

After that admin of the group gives the fake screenshot of the 'placing order is successful' and also gives order id.

After that, they blocked him/her. And he/she waits for a product but he/she doesn't know that the product is will not arrive.

In this scenario, they used fake Paytm/Paypal/google pay accounts, so if we complained against them then we can not reach them.

This is not only one method that they used to cheat. They have many methods to cheat.
The second method is...

You are attracted to this type of trap and pay them to get more money back.
They will block you after receiving money from your side.

2.PAYTM

In this example, they become a fake Paytm customer care agent.

Hi, I’m calling from Paytm. We have launched a KYC drive across India. Doing KYC would mean you can accept up to Rs. 1 lakh in your Paytm Wallet. However, I would need some proof of identification and your credit/debit card details or bank details .”

If you agree with them they send a link to your mobile number and ask you to fill in all the details in the form.

When you open this link it looks like the Paytm website but it's fake.

When you entered all the details which mandatory they will ask to make a transaction to verify your bank account and demand to give OTP from your side.

If you give them OTP then you became a victim of the trap which was made by them.

3.Credit/debit card

In this type of fraud they call you and start conversations with: "Hi, I’m calling from Your bank. Now your bank account is eligible for home(any other category )loan. However, I would need any proof of identification and your credit/debit card details."

When you give them your credit/debit card details, and also OTP.

after that, you will receive a debit message from your bank account.

Now your bank account is empty.

So, aware of these types of fraud.

Do's

When you receive any call or message like this then don't panic and behave like you don't know that person is a fraud.
If it is possible to connect police in the same line then do it.
When call ends immediately call the police or cyber crime office and complain against them.

Don't

When you receive these types of calls don't give them any information about banks or cards.

Don't fill up your confidential information on an unknown website or application.

Don't give OTP any person.

There are many examples of digital fraud but I covered only three examples of digital fraud.
I hope now you aware of this type of fraud and you can handle this type of situation easily.

Fitness

2020-04-09T17:00:00.002+05:30

Describe Fitness

Fitness is the condition of being physically fit and healthy and involves attribute that includes, but are not limited to mental acuity, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscles strength, muscular endurance, body composition, and flexibility.
when the word fitness comes out some words are attached to it. Like gym, health, vigor, sports...etc.

Let's Dive Into Dipper

Fitness For beginner

Diet And Nutrition

Physical And Mental Health

clothing

Personal Stories

Inspiration & Motivation

Fitness For Beginner

It can be hard to know where to start with it. Everybody wants to get fit & healthy but how they don't know. What can you do for your health.....ummh yeah exercise regularly sounds good Nah!
Some tips are given below :

Identify "why you are doing!", "what is important!" and "how it affects!" so you can clear

Set a goal

Don't forget to warm up your body

Find active people to support your efforts

Think like it's totally for self-care

Don't make a mistake to compare your self to others who are so good enough in this journey

Focus on the feels

Don't overcommit & overperform

Diet And Nutrition

A healthy, balanced diet often complements your workouts and can lead to better results. All food groups are necessary to sustain healthy energy levels & get the most out of your workout. Vegetables, fruits, carbs are particularly important as fuel before exercise. Additionally protein improvs muscules and strength after exercise it repairs damage and builds muscle mass. Regularly consuming healthy food is very helpful to burn body fat and preserve muscle fuel during workouts.

Link is given below for pre-workout & post-workout nutrition :

Pre-workout & Post-workout

Physical And Mental Health

Exercise and physical fitness have long been proven to have a positive effect on both physical and mental health. There is a strong relationship between physical health and mental health but little is known about that. Your lifecycle, choices, food, sleep & many more are affected by it. Some concrete ways to your body and mind influencer each other.

The list is given below :

Depression and the immune system

Mental illness and fatigue

Anger, anxiety, & heart health

Clothing

With the popularity of exercise and fitness on the rise, it's easier than ever to find fitness equipment and clothing in stores. In this world, there are many brands so you can choose any it's your choice. Nowadays most preferable products are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Under armor,...etc.

Adidas

Nike

Personal stories

Hrithik Roshan is one of them. he is doing his best to fit his body. After inspiring by Salman khan he did some hard work to make the body in perfect shape & fit, it's a long story. Another story: "Kabir and Beyond"

Take a look at HRX's transformation

Inspiration And Motivation

Akshay Kumar is only 1 in film industries who is mentally & physically fit. He motivates the people, inspires the people.

Check this out

Fitness motivational quotes

When you feel like quitting think about why you started!

All progress takes place outside the comfort zone

Believe in your self

Sweat is just fat crying

Don't give up greatness takes time

MST Hub

Bermuda Triangle

Video File Formats Explained

Video File Formats

Why they are and how they differ in video quality??

We will explore details related to it!!

Types Of Malware (Part-2)

In this blog, I covered the remaining 4 types of malware which are in (Part -2) if you didn't have a look at Part-1 then click here

5. Spyware

6. Adware

7. Fileless malware

8. Bot/Botnets

Some examples of malware

How to prevent malware

Types Of Malware (Part -1)

1. Computer viruses

2. Worms

3. Trojan horses

4. Ransomware

👉 Now we will see some remedies of how to prevent malware.

👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

Click here for Part-2

👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆

Cryptocurrency

What Is Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is not a coin or paper note but it is a digital or virtual currency. The main motto of a cryptocurrency is, not controlled by any central authority or any bank. Cryptocurrency is a threat to the current bank system.

Why Is It Called Cryptocurrency?

Who Invented Cryptocurrency?

On Which Technology Cryptocurrency Works?

Is Cryptocurrency Secure Or Not?

How Many Cryptocurrencies In The World?

Which Are Top 5 Cryptocurrencies?

Bitcoin (BTC) $128bn.Ethereum (ETH) $19.4bn.XRP (XRP) $8.22bn.Tether (USDT) $6.4bn.Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $4.1bn1 Bitcoin(BTC).

2 Ethereum (ETH).

4 Tether (USDT)

5 Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges in India

Binance (Global Exchange)

BitBNS (Local Exchange)

UnoCoin (Local Exchange)

Wazirx (Local Exchange)

Corona Virus

Types Of Audio File Formats

Audio File Formats

Why they are and how they differ in sound quality??

We will explore the details related to the audio file formats :

1) Uncompressed audio format

2) Lossless compressed audio format

3) Lossy compressed audio format

What is digital fraud?

Digital Fraud

Definition

How it works?

1.Telegram

2.PAYTM

3.Credit/debit card

Do's

When you receive any call or message like this then don't panic and behave like you don't know that person is a fraud. If it is possible to connect police in the same line then do it. When call ends immediately call the police or cyber crime office and complain against them.

Don't

Fitness

Describe Fitness

Let's Dive Into Dipper

Fitness For Beginner

Diet And Nutrition

Physical And Mental Health

Clothing

Personal stories

Inspiration And Motivation

Bitcoin (BTC) $128bn.
Ethereum (ETH) $19.4bn.
XRP (XRP) $8.22bn.
Tether (USDT) $6.4bn.
Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $4.1bn
1 Bitcoin(BTC).

When you receive any call or message like this then don't panic and behave like you don't know that person is a fraud.
If it is possible to connect police in the same line then do it.
When call ends immediately call the police or cyber crime office and complain against them.