<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807</id><updated>2024-11-05T18:55:58.786-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Muhammad Ikbar Fadhilah</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>109</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-7369136779986493282</id><published>2021-01-12T19:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2021-01-12T19:35:08.066-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pengertian Profesi dan Profesionalisme</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; 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box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://qwords.com/blog/osi-layer/&quot; rel=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #ff9800; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Open System Interconnection&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;atau OSI adalah model referensi yang mana tercipta dalam bentuk kerangka konseptual. Bahkan sekarang ini ia telah menjadi suatu standar koneksi untuk sebuah komputer. Selain itu, ia diciptakan juga untuk memenuhi tujuan tertentu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tujuan tersebut adalah supaya model OSI menjadi rujukan bagi setiap vendor ataupun developer sehingga software dan produk yang mereka buat mempunyai sifat interpolate. Hal itu berarti pengguna tak harus melakukan upaya khusus dan mereka bisa melakukan kerja sama dengan sistem ataupun produk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;Daftar_Osi_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Daftar Osi Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Di dalam OSI sendiri terdapat 7 lapisan OSI layer dan fungsinya yang memiliki perannya masing-masing. Apa saja ketujuh urutan layer OSI yang dimaksud? Berikut ini penjelasannya untuk Anda!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;1_Physical_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;1. Physical Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Bisa dibilang bahwa physical layer ini adalah yang paling utama. Tanggung jawabnya OSI layer ini adalah dalam hal melakukan transmisi terhadap bit data. Tentu saja hal itu dilakukan dari physical layer pengirim dan ditujukan kepada physical layer penerima.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Nantinya di sini data juga akan ditransmisikan dengan memakai jenis sinyal yang telah didukung media fisik. Katakanlah seperti kabel, tegangan listrik, frekuensi radio atau bisa juga infrared dan cahaya biasa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;2_Data_Link_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;2. Data Link Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ketika proses transmisi data sedang berlangsung, maka akan ada potensi terjadinya kesalahan. Maka inilah yang menjadi tanggung jawab dari OSI layer layanan data link layer ini dimana tugasnya memang melakukan pemeriksaan kesalahan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Data link layers dalam urutan OSI juga memiliki tanggung jawab dalam hal membungkus bit hingga berbentuk data frame. Selain itu, data link layer pun juga dapat mengelola skema pengamatan fisik misalnya saja seperti alamat MAC yang ada pada suatu jaringan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Bahkan bisa dibilang data link layer ini merupakan salah satu yang paling kompleks di antara layer yang lainnya. Hal inilah yang menjadi alasan terbaginya data link layer menjadi 2 sublayer yaitu MAC (&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Media Access Control)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan juga LLC&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;(Logical Link Control).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tugas dari MAC sendiri tak lain adalah mengendalikan perangkat dari suatu jaringan yang mendapat akses ke medium dan juga izin ketika melakukan transmisi data. Sedangkan LLC sendiri bertugas mengidentifikasi kemudian membungkus protokol network layer dan juga melakukan kontrol terhadap pemeriksaan kesalahan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;3_Network_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;3. Network Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Di antara 7 OSI layer yang ada, network layer memiliki tugas dalam mendefinisikan alamat IP (Internet Protocol). Hal ini membuat setiap komputer akhirnya dapat terhubung dengan 1 jaringan. Bahkan tak hanya itu saja, network layer juga berfungsi untuk melakukan proses routing serta membuat header pada paket-paket data yang ada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;4_Transport_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;4. Transport Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Untuk pengiriman pesan antara 2 atau lebih host yang ada dalam jaringan, maka ini adalah tanggung jawab dari transport layer. Selain itu, ia juga menangani adanya pemecahan serta penggabungan pesan kemudian juga melakukan kontrol untuk keandalan jalur koneksi yang sudah diberikan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;5_Session_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;5. Session Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tanggung jawab dari session layer adalah mengendalikan sesi koneksi dialog dan juga mengelola bahkan dapat pula memutuskan koneksi dari komputer. Agar bisa membentuk sesi komunikasi, maka digunakanlah sirkuit virtual yang mana dibuat oleh lapisan OSI bernama transport layer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;6_Presentation_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;6. Presentation Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Melakukan definisi terhadap sintaks yang dipakai oleh host jaringan dalam berkomunikasi merupakan tugas dari presentation layer ini. OSI layer nomor 6 ini juga bertanggung jawab melakukan enkripsi dan juga deskripsi informasi serta data hingga kemudian bisa dipakai di lapisan aplikasi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;7_Application_Layer&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;7. Application Layer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Berbicara tentang penyedia interface antar protokol jaringan pada aplikasi yang sebelumnya sudah ada di komputer, maka ini merupakan tugas Application layer. Ia juga merupakan lapisan paling atas dari model OSI dan kerap memberikan layanan yang mana begitu dibutuhkan oleh aplikasi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Itulah dia 7 layer OSI dan penjelasannya yang mungkin dapat berguna untukmu. Selain memahami tentang pengertian, 7 layer, kini juga akan dibahas mengenai cara kerja dari model OSI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://qwords.com/blog/osi-layer/&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/7585802952401765139/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/osi-layer.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7585802952401765139'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7585802952401765139'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/osi-layer.html' title='Osi Layer'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-6642905774972353623</id><published>2020-11-29T19:12:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-29T19:12:12.182-08:00</updated><title type='text'>File sharing</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;File sharing adalah aktifitas di mana para pengguna internet dapat berbagi file dengan pengguna internet lainnya dengan cara penyedia file terlebih dahulu mengupload file ke komputer server dan kemudian para pengguna internet yang lainnya dapat mendownload file tersebut dari komputer server.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Selain itu fungsi sharing jaringan bisa juga seperti ;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;1. Membagi sumber daya, misalnya membagi printer, CPU, memori ataupin harddisk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;2. Sebagai sarana berkomunikasi, misalnya e-mail, instant messaging, chattig&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;3. Sebagai akses informasi, misalnya web browsing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;4. Menghemat uang, misalnya : printer, dengan adanya jaringan komputer satu printer dapat digunakan oleh lebih dari satu komputer&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;5. Reliabilitas tinggi, misalnya salah satu komputer rusak lalu data didalamnya hilang, maka data tersebu masih dapat digunakan lagi dikomputer lain yang menyimpan data tersebut&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Atur pengaturan Network Sharing pada komputer Anda&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Sebelum Anda memulai proses File Sharing atau berbagi file antar komputer, Anda harus mengatur dulu pengaturan Network Sharing pada laptop Anda. Caranya adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Buka Control Panel pada komputer Windows Anda&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pilih Network and Sharing Center&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik tulisan “Change advanced sharing settings” pada bagian kiri layar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pada jendela “Advanced sharing settings”,cari profil yang sedang Anda pakai. Ada 2 profil yang tersedia, yaitu “Home or Work” dan “Public”. Bagaimana cara mengetahuinya? Anda cukup melihat profil yang terdapat kalimat&amp;nbsp;Current Profile.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Pada bagian ini, Anda akan dihadapkan pada beberapa kategori pengaturan. Berikut penjelasan dari tiap kategori:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Network Discovery. Biasanya ketika dinyalakan, komputer yang terhubung pada suatu jaringan akan mencari perangkat lain yang terhubung pada jaringan yang sama. Begitu juga dengan komputer lain yang mungkin bisa menemukan komputer anda dalam jaringan yang Anda pakai. Pilihan ini berfungsi untuk mengatur apakah komputer Anda bisa ditemukan oleh komputer lain atau tidak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;File and Printer Sharing. Pengaturan ini harus dinyalakan jika Anda hendak berbagi file atau sharing antar komputer. Pilih “Turn on file and printer sharing”&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Public Folder Settings. Ketika pengaturan ini diaktifkan, Anda bisa berbagi file melalui folder Public pada komputer Anda dengan komputer lain. Folder Public ini juga digunakan oleh semua komputer yang terhubung dalam jaringan yang Anda gunakan untuk saling mengakses data pada komputer Anda. Namun, ada yang harus diperhatikan dari cara sharing antar komputer ini. Jangan mengaktifkan pengaturan ini jika Anda berada di jaringan umum, kecuali jika Anda percaya akan keamanan jaringan tersebut. Jika Anda berada di jaringan dalam rumah atau kantor, Anda boleh mengaktifkan pilihan ini.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Media Streaming. Pengaturan ini membolehkan Anda untuk mengakses file multimedia seperti gambar, video, dan musik dengan menggunakan software Windows Media Player. Untuk mengubah pengaturannya, klik “Choose media streaming options…”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;File Sharing Connection, Pengaturan ini berfungsi untuk enkripsi koneksi pada jaringan yang sedang aktif. Windows secara default telah mengatur enkripsi 128-bit. Jika ada anggota jaringan Anda yang masih menggunakan enkripsi 40 atau 56 bit, sebaiknya pilih “…that use 40 or 56-bit encryption”&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Password protected sharing, pengaturan ini mengharuskan orang lain yang hendak mengakses file atau dokumen yang telah Anda bagikan untuk mempunyai username dan password, dimana kedua hal tersebut dibuat di komputer Anda.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Homegroup Connection, Secara default, Windows telah mengatur Homegroup agar mempunyai password yang sama pada tiap komputer yang sudah tergabung. Namun hal tersebut tidak direkomendasikan untuk keamanan. Oleh karena itu, pilih “Allow Windows to manage homegroup connections”&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Share file yang ingin dibagikan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Setelah mengatur beberapa pengaturan pada Network Sharing, selanjutnya Anda share beberapa file yang Anda inginkan. Caranya adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Buka Windows Explorer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pilih dulu folder mana yang ingin Anda share. Kemudian klik kanan pilih “Share with” &amp;gt; “Specific people”&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Di bagian ini Anda tambahkan user “Everyone”, kemudian klik Add. Jika Everyone sudah ditambahkan, klik “Share”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Setelah itu akan dapat konfirmasi “Your Folder is Shared”, kemudian klik “Done”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Selain file atau folder, Anda juga bisa berbagi file yang terdapat pada drive komputer Anda kepada orang lain. Berikut caranya:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Tentukan dulu drive mana yang ingin dibagikan. Lalu, klik kanan pada drive yang akan dibagikan, kemudian pilih share with &amp;gt; advanced sharing.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik Advanced sharing.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Beri tanda centang pada “Share this folder”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik “Permissions” untuk menambahkan user serta mengatur permission dari user tersebut.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik “Add” jika Anda ingin menambahkan user atau grup. Jika Anda ingin membagikannya untuk semua orang, pilih “Everyone”. Lalu atur permissions-nya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik OK.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Kembali lagi ke jendela Properties. Sekarang Anda beralih ke tab security.&amp;nbsp; Klik tombol Edit untuk menambahkan user serta mengatur permissions.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik “Add” untuk menambahkan user&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pada jendela “Select User or Group”, klik “Advanced”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pada bagian ini, Anda bisa memilih user apa saja yang bisa mengakses data yang Anda share. Klik “Find now” terlebih dulu agar daftar user-nya muncul. Kemudian pilih “Everyone”.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Klik OK.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pada object names yang sudah terisi, klik OK.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Atur permissionnya. Caranya klik Everyone, lalu atur permission sesuai keinginan Anda. Terakhir klik OK.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Cek koneksi jaringan Anda&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Untuk mengecek apakah Anda sudah bisa sharing dengan komputer lain, caranya adalah dengan mengetikkan Internet Protocol (IP) address dari komputer yang ingin Anda akses filenya pada kolom alamat Windows Explorer.&amp;nbsp;Cara cek IP Address&amp;nbsp;dari komputer rekan Anda adalah coba cek Properties pada Network and Sharing Center. Contoh, alamat IP komputer rekan Anda adalah 192.168.40.34. Maka Anda ketikan “\\192.168.40.34” pada kolom alamat Windows Explorer Anda. Selain menggunakan cara tersebut, Anda juga bisa langsung mengakses file rekan Adan melalui menu Network di bagian kiri bawah Windows Explorer. Cari nama komputer rekan Anda, lalu klik pada nama komputer rekan Anda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Cara yang sama juga dilakukan untuk mengecek apakah komputer Anda sudah bisa terhubung dengan komputer lain. Hanya saja, Anda perlu mengeceknya di komputer yang lain (selain komputer Anda) dan IP address yang diketik adalah IP address komputer Anda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;Jika Anda mengalami&amp;nbsp;masalah yang sering terjadi pada jaringan LAN, maka kemungkinan besar Anda tidak bisa melakukan file sharing. Oleh karena itu, segera perbaiki masalah pada jaringan LAN Anda jika bermasalah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #616161; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;sumber : https://www.perangkatkasir.co.id/blog/cara-sharing-file-antar-komputer/&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/6642905774972353623/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/file-sharing.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6642905774972353623'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6642905774972353623'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/file-sharing.html' title='File sharing'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-7119759373742832407</id><published>2020-11-29T19:08:00.007-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-29T19:08:56.099-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Networking</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Networking atau Infrastruktur jaringan adalah sekumpulan komponen fisikal dan logikal yang menyediakan dasar untuk konektivitas, keamanan, routing, pengaturan, akses, dan fitur integral pada jaringan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Infrastruktur networking adalah fondasi dasar dari layanan sistem informasi dan data. Pertumbuhan sistem layanan informasi dan data harus disertai dengan kemampuan sistem jaringan yang baik dan berkualitas tinggi. Itu sebabnya solusi strategis diperlukan untuk merencanakan, merancang, mengimplementasikan, mengelola dan mengoptimalkan sistem jaringan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Sistem Networking yang baik sesuai kebutuhan organisasi hanya bisa terbentuk dari perencanaan, perancangan, pengelolaan, dan optimalisasi yang sesuai best practice. Implementasi berbagai proses praktik terbaik akan mengurangi berbagai hambatan dan risiko seiring dengan pertumbuhan informasi dan layanan data. Masalah utama berikut terjadi dalam sistem jaringan dan infrastruktur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Networking sangat dibutuhkan, terutama pada zaman yang semakin lama semakin canggih seperti ini ,karena jaringan itu tentu sangat penting untuk berlangsungnya hubungan atau komunikasi antar komputer. Misalnya, jika Anda ingin berbagi atau berbagi printer, setiap komputer tidak mungkin memiliki printer satu-ke-satu. Maka server berbagi koneksi internet dengan klien “di kantornya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: Nunito, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Router&lt;span class=&quot;ez-toc-section-end&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://adalah.co.id/routing/&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a591; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Router adalah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;sebuah alat yang mengirimkan paket data melalui sebuah jaringan atau Internet menuju tujuannya, melalui jaringan atau Internet. Alat ini sangat penting untuk meneruskan jaringan ke jaringan lain dari kelas / subnet / IP yang berbeda. melalui proses yang dikenal sebagai routing. Proses perutean terjadi pada lapisan 3 (lapisan jaringan, seperti Internet Protocol) dari tumpukan protokol OSI tujuh lapis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Router berfungsi sebagai penghubung antar dua atau lebih jaringan untuk meneruskan data dari satu jaringan ke jaringan lainnya. Router berbeda dari switch. Switch adalah koneksi antara beberapa perangkat untuk membentuk jaringan area lokal (LAN).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://adalah.co.id/networking/&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/7119759373742832407/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/networking.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7119759373742832407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7119759373742832407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/networking.html' title='Networking'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-7427266762552253060</id><published>2020-11-26T18:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-26T18:53:32.497-08:00</updated><title type='text'>PKPU Adalah</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #0e2900; display: inline !important; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 16.8px; margin-top: 2em; padding: 3px 0px;&quot;&gt;Pengertian PKPU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU pada Pasal 222 ayat (2) disebutkan bahwa,&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #0e2900; display: block; font-size: 16.8px; margin-top: 2em; padding: 3px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Debitor yang tidak dapat atau memperkirakan dapat melanjutkan membayar utang-utangnya yang sudah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih, dapat memohon penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang dengan maksud untuk mengajukan rencana perdamaian yang meliputi tawaran pembayaran sebagian atau seluruh utang kepada kreditor.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Meski tak dijabarkan secara jelas dalam Undang-Undang, namun PKPU dapat dipahami sebagai suatu upaya untuk mencapai kata mufakat antara debitur dengan kreditor berkenaan dengan penyelesaian utang-piutang. PKPU dapat pula dipahami sebagai suatu periode waktu tertentu yang diberikan kepada debitur dan kreditor yang ditetapkan melalui putusan pengadilan niaga guna membuat kesepakatan bersama terkait dengan cara pembayaran atau penyelesaian permasalahan utang-piutang diantara para pihak, baik seluruh atau sebagian utang juga kemungkinan dilakukannya restrukturisasi utang tersebut.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Secara lebih sederhana, PKPU juga dapat diartikan sebagai moratorium legal yakni penundaan pembayaran utang yang diperkenankan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan guna mencegah terjadinya krisis keuangan yang semakin parah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #0e2900; display: block; font-size: 16.8px; margin-top: 2em; padding: 3px 0px;&quot;&gt;Alasan pengajuan PKPU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Siapakah yang dapat mengajukan PKPU ke pengadilan niaga? Kedua belah pihak yang terlibat dalam permasalahan utang-piutang. Artinya, baik debitur maupun kreditor dapat mengajukan PKPU ke pengadilan niaga. Namun dari kebanyakan kasus utang-piutang yang terjadi, pengajuan PKPU dilakukan oleh pihak kreditor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Sebut saja kasus PKPU yang diajukan oleh PT. Bank ICBC Indonesia terhadap PT. Sariwangi Agricultural Estate Agency, PT. Sinarmas Asset Management dan PT. Asuransi Simas Jiwa yang keduanya tergabung dalam Grup Sinarmas terhadap PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk (AISA), dan PT. Bank UOB Indonesia terhadap PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk (AISA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Mengapa dari kebanyakan kasus yang terjadi, pihak kreditor yang aktif mengajukan PKPU ke pengadilan niaga? Dalam ikatan atau perjanjian utang-piutang, pihak kreditor sebagai pemberi pinjaman atau utang merupakan pihak yang dirugikan oleh tindakan wanprestasi atau gagal bayar yang dilakukan oleh debitur. Umumnya kreditor telah melakukan upaya penagihan kepada debitur baik dengan mengirimkan surat tagihan hingga somasi. Namun upaya-upaya tersebut gagal atau menemui jalan buntu sebab debitur abai dan tidak segera melakukan pembayaran utang meski telah jatuh tempo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Untuk mendapatkan kepastian pembayaran utang melalui ketetapan pengadilan niaga, maka kreditor mengajukan PKPU terhadap debitur-debitur yang ‘membandel’. Pengajuan PKPU tersebut juga sekaligus memberikan kesempatan kepada debitur juga kreditor untuk melakukan kesepakatan ulang berkenaan dengan cara-cara pembayaran utang, termasuk jika diperlukan dilakukannya restrukturisasi utang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;Pengajuan PKPU tak menutup kemungkinan juga dilakukan oleh debitur. Umumnya debitur mengajukan PKPU apabila kreditor telah mengajukan kepailitan terhadap debitur kepada pengadilan niaga. Berkenaan dengan adanya jenis gugatan yakni kepailitan dan PKPU, maka yang harus diputuskan terlebih dahulu adalah PKPU.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://www.simulasikredit.com/apa-itu-pkpu-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang/&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/7427266762552253060/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/pkpu-adalah.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7427266762552253060'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/7427266762552253060'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/pkpu-adalah.html' title='PKPU Adalah'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-6058068080463250716</id><published>2020-11-26T18:47:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-26T18:47:19.172-08:00</updated><title type='text'>perbedaan Litigasi dan non litigasi</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Litigasi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;adalah persiapan dan presentasi dari setiap kasus, termasuk juga memberikan informasi secara menyeluruh sebagaimana proses dan kerjasama untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan menghindari permasalahan yang tak terduga. Sedangkan&amp;nbsp; Jalur litigasi adalah penyelesaian masalah hukum melalui jalur pengadilan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;Umumnya, pelaksanaan gugatan disebut litigasi. Gugatan adalah suatu tindakan sipil yang dibawa di pengadilan hukum di mana penggugat, pihak yang mengklaim telah mengalami kerugian sebagai akibat dari tindakan terdakwa, menuntut upaya hukum atau adil. Terdakwa diperlukan untuk menanggapi keluhan penggugat. Jika penggugat berhasil, penilaian akan diberikan dalam mendukung penggugat, dan berbagai perintah pengadilan mungkin dikeluarkan untuk menegakkan hak, kerusakan penghargaan, atau memberlakukan perintah sementara atau permanen untuk mencegah atau memaksa tindakan. Orang yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk litigasi daripada mencari solusi non-yudisial yang disebut sadar hukum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Non-Litigasi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Jalur non litigasi berarti menyelesaikan masalah hukum di luar pengadilan. Jalur non-litigasi ini dikenal dengan Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternatif.&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian perkara diluar pengadilan ini&amp;nbsp; diakui di dalam peraturan perundangan di Indonesia. Pertama, dalam penjelasan Pasal 3 UU Nomor 14 Tahun 1970 tentang Ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman disebutkan ” Penyelesaian perkara di luar pengadilan, atas dasar perdamaian atau melalui wasit (arbitase) tetap diperbolehkan” . Kedua, dalam UU Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Pasal 1 angka 10 dinyatakan ” Alternatif Penyelesaian Perkara ( Alternatif Dispute Resolution) adalah&amp;nbsp; lembaga penyelesaian sengketa atau beda pendapat melalui prosedur&amp;nbsp; yang disepakati para pihak, yakni penyelesaian di luar pengadilan dengan cara konsultasi, negoisasi, mediasi, atau penilaian para ahli.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;Konsultasi , merupakan suatu tindakan yang bersifat personal antara suatu pihak (klien) dengan pihak lain yang merupakan konsultan, yang memberikan pendapatnya atau saran&amp;nbsp; kepada klien tersebut untuk memenuhi keperluan dan kebutuhan klien. Konsultan hanya memberikan pendapat (hukum) sebagaimana diminta oleh kliennya, dan selanjutnya keputusan mengenai penyelesaian sengketa tersebut akan diambil oleh para pihak.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Negoisasi, penyelesaian sengketa melalui musyawarah/perundingan langsung diantara para pihak yang bertikai dengan maksud&amp;nbsp; mencari dan menemukan bentuk-bentuk&amp;nbsp; penyelesaian yang dapat diterima para pihak.Kesepakatan mengenai penyelesaian tersebut selanjutnya harus dituangkan dalam bentuk tertulis yang disetujui oleh para pihak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Mediasi, merupakan penyelesaian sengketa&amp;nbsp; melalui perundingan dengan dibantu oleh pihak luar yang tidak memihak/netral guna memperoleh penyelesaian sengketa yang disepakati oleh para pihak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Konsiliasi, Consilliation dalam bahasa Inggris berarti perdamaian , penyelesaian sengketa melalui perundingan dengan melibatkan pihak ketiga yang netral (konsisliator) untuk membantu pihak yang berdetikai dalam menemukan bentuk penyelesaian yang disepakati para pihak.&amp;nbsp; Hasil konsilisiasi ini ini harus dibuat secara tertulis dan ditandatangani secara bersama oleh para pihak yang bersengketa, selanjutnya harus didaftarkan di Pengadilan Negeri. Kesepakatan tertulis ini bersifat final dan mengikat para pihak.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pendapat ahli, upaya menyelesaikan sengketa dengan menunjuk ahli untuk memberikan pendapatnya terhadap masalah yang dipersengketakan untuk mendapat pandangan yang obyektif .&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;Penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan (non-litigasi)&amp;nbsp; merupakan upaya tawar-menawar atau kompromi untuk memperoleh jalan keluar yang saling menguntungkan. Kehadiran pihak ketiga yang netral bukan untuk memutuskan sengketa,&amp;nbsp; melainkan para pihak sendirilah yang mengambil keputusan akhir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://komisiinformasi.bantenprov.go.id/read/arsip-artikel/86/Perbedaan-Litigasi-Dan-Non-Litigasi.html#.X8BoAs0zbIU&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/6058068080463250716/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/perbedaan-litigasi-dan-non-litigasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6058068080463250716'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6058068080463250716'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/perbedaan-litigasi-dan-non-litigasi.html' title='perbedaan Litigasi dan non litigasi'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-5433336336864907763</id><published>2020-11-25T18:24:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-25T18:24:10.944-08:00</updated><title type='text'>advokat </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Advokat adalah salah satu profesi di bidang hukum yang tak banyak dipahami dengan benar oleh sebagian besar masyarakat. Bahkan, banyak di antaranya justru memberikan pengertian yang sama dengan pengacara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Selama ini, masalah hukum hingga pengadilan selalu dikaitkan dengan pengacara. Padahal tidak hanya pengacara saja, terdapat pihak lain pula yang dapat memberikan jasa hukum kepada seseorang, termasuk seorang advokat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Pada dasarnya, memang kedua profesi tersebut tidaklah jauh berbeda antara satu sama lain. Namun, tetap saja menurut regulasi yang berlaku di Tanah Air, kedua profesi ini memiliki beberapa perbedaan yang cukup mendasar sebelum adanya UU Advokat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;Hal ini secara lebih lanjut diatur pada Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat atau yang lebih sering disebut dengan UU Advokat.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://www.merdeka.com/trending/advokat-adalah-pemberi-jasa-hukum-ketahui-perbedaannya-dengan-pengacara-kln.html?page=1&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/5433336336864907763/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/advokat.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5433336336864907763'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5433336336864907763'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/advokat.html' title='advokat '/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-3568846445042079637</id><published>2020-11-25T18:17:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-25T18:17:01.433-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Hukum Online</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Di dalam suatu Firma Hukum, sering kita temui istilah Senior Lawyer, Associate Lawyer, Junior Lawyer. Mohon dapat dijelaskan mengenai istilah tersebut, berikut tanggung jawabnya? Lalu, apa perbedaan Partner dan Associates di dalam suatu Firma Hukum? Contoh; Firma Hukum ........ &amp;amp; Partners/Firma Hukum ........ &amp;amp; Associates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Istilah-istilah seperti&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;associate lawyer, senior lawyer&lt;/i&gt;, dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;junior lawyer&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan lain sebagainya merupakan istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan struktur atau jenjang karir pengacara, yang sekarang disebut advokat, dalam kantor advokat, dalam hal ini yang berbentuk firma (firma hukum). Meski demikian boleh jadi tiap-tiap kantor advokat memiliki istilah atau nama yang berbeda untuk organisasi mereka masing-masing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot;, helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Mengenai tugas dan tanggung jawab, secara umum, sebagai advokat mereka – baik&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;associate&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;senior&lt;/i&gt;, ataupun&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;junior lawyer&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;-- dapat memberikan jasa hukum kepada klien. Akan tetapi, manajemen kantor advokat dapat membuat deskripsi yang lebih rinci lagi mengenai tugas dan tanggung jawab mereka masing-masing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Mengutip buku “&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Law Office Management&lt;/i&gt;” yang ditulis&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Jonathan S. Lynton&lt;/span&gt;, menurut&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ira Andara Eddymurthy&lt;/span&gt;, jenjang karir dalam suatu Kantor Hukum adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0in 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 50px; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Equity Partner&lt;/i&gt;, salah satu darinya akan menjadi&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Managing Partner&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Non-equity Partner/Contract Partner&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Of Counsel/Advisor&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Senior Partner&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Associate Attorney&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Senior Attorney&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Non-lawyer Partner&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contract Attorney/Intern&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Magang);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Freelance Attorney&lt;/i&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Law Clerks (Paralegal)&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot;, helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 6pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Demikian tulis Ira Andara Eddymurthy yang juga advokat dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;partner&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;pada&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Law Firm&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Soewito, Suhardiman, Eddymurthy, Kardono (SSEK) dalam buku “&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Kantor Advokat di Indonesia (Lawfirm Management in Indonesia)&lt;/i&gt;” yang diterbitkan Centre for Finance, Investment and Securities Law (CFISEL).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot;, helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Seperti kami telah jelaskan di atas, istilah&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;associate, senior&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;junior&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;lawyer/attorney&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;merupakan jenjang karir bagi seorang advokat (&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;lawyer&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;attorney&lt;/i&gt;) dalam suatu kantor advokat. Masing-masing kantor advokat boleh jadi memiliki istilah atau nama yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap jenjang. Kantor advokat SSEK misalnya, tidak menggunakan istilah&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;junior lawyer&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;senior lawyer&lt;/i&gt;. “Kami menggunakan istilah&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Associates&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Contract/Salary Partner&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Equity Partner&lt;/i&gt;,” jelas Ira saat kami minta pendapatnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot;, helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Jenjang karir dan pola pengangkatan di kantor advokat dapat ditentukan berdasarkan masa kerja, prestasi kerja, ataupun ukuran-ukuran lain. Di SSEK yang memiliki 58&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;lawyer&lt;/i&gt;, menurut Ira, promosi dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Level 1&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;ke&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;Level 2&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;ditentukan berdasarkan pencapaian seorang advokat dalam pekerjaannya, selain dilihat dari masa kerja. “Untuk setiap&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;level&lt;/i&gt;-nya dua sampai tiga tahun. Di kantor kami, setelah 10, atau paling lama 15 tahun, baru dapat diangkat ke&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;&quot;&gt;level Partner,&lt;/i&gt;” jelasnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot;, helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;Untuk kantor advokat yang tidak memiliki banyak advokat (15 orang atau kurang) boleh jadi struktur organisasinya jauh lebih sederhana dibandingkan kantor advokat menengah dan besar yang memiliki 50 advokat atau lebih.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #eaeaea;&quot;&gt;Jenjang karir di kantor advokat juga bisa berbeda-beda antara kantor advokat yang mengerjakan pekerjaan-pekerjaan litigasi (jasa hukum di dalam pengadialan) dengan kantor advokat yang mengerjakan pekerjaan-pekerjaan korporasi atau non-litigasi (jasa hukum di luar pengadilan).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 10px 10px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #eaeaea; color: #222222; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: roboto, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ulasan/cl4336/seputar-profesi-pengacara/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/3568846445042079637/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/hukum-online.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3568846445042079637'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3568846445042079637'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/hukum-online.html' title='Hukum Online'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-2190890836280153713</id><published>2020-11-25T18:13:00.006-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-25T18:13:39.952-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Desain Grafis</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: Nunito, Georgia, Garamond, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;Pengertian_Desain_Grafis&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pengertian Desain Grafis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Pengertian desain grafis adalah adalah kegiatan kreatif untuk menciptakan karya yang fungsional dan estetis untuk berbagai jenis media yang proses komunikasinya tidak hanya mengandalkan teks, justru cenderung lebih banyak menggunakan unsur visual. Desain grafis adalah suatu proses (kata kerja) sekaligus hasil dari proses itu sendiri (kata benda).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Desain grafis lebih dari apa yang telah dijelaskan diatas. Pengertian desain grafis terus berkembang mengikuti siklus masa, karena bidang ini adalah salah satu bidang studi yang paling cepat dalam beradaptasi terhadap perkembangan zaman. Jenis produk yang dihasilkannya juga semakin beragam, tidak hanya terbatas pada media cetak.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Desain grafis menghasilkan produk visual seperti:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-left: 1rem;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Brosur&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Tata letak majalah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Cover Buku&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Logo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Antarmuka website&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;Antarmuka aplikasi ponsel, dsb&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111;&quot;&gt;Desain grafis bermula dari berbagai produk statis noncetak seperti poster, borsur, majalah, dsb. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman, media non cetak juga menjadi media yang digelutinya. Seiring perkembangan zaman juga pengertian desain grafis semakin meluas dan sering digantikan oleh istilah lain yang lebih umum seperti: Grafis Komunikasi dan&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Desain komunikasi Visual.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;afw afw-ga afw_ad afwadid-3029  amp-wp-e81aa0c&quot; data-ad-id=&quot;3029&quot; data-amp-original-style=&quot;text-align:left; margin-top:px; margin-bottom:px; margin-left:px; margin-right:px;float:none;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #111111; float: none; font-family: -apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;afw_ad_amp_anchor_3029&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;afw_ad_amp_anchor_3029&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Nunito, Georgia, Garamond, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;Pengertian_Desain&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pengertian Desain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Pengertian desain menurut JB Reswick adalah: kegiatan kreatif yang melibatkan penciptaan sesuatu yang baru dan berguna yang tidak ada sebelumnya. Lebih lanjut Yasraf menjelaskan, dengan demikan desain merupakan kegiatan kreatif-progresif dengan produk, yang produk akhirnya adalah kebaruan dan perbedaan.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Nunito, Georgia, Garamond, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;Pengertian_Grafis&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pengertian Grafis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 32px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Grafis sendiri berasal dari kata&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Graphic&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dalam bahasa inggris, yang berarti sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan seni rupa, termasuk gambar, ilustrasi, pahatan hingga ke kaligrafi. Kata&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Graphic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu: graphikos yang berarti menggambar atau menulis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;https://serupa.id/pengertian-desain-grafis/&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/2190890836280153713/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/desain-grafis.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2190890836280153713'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2190890836280153713'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/desain-grafis.html' title='Desain Grafis'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-3240440182327906249</id><published>2020-11-25T18:10:00.004-08:00</published><updated>2020-11-25T18:10:21.228-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Web Master</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;webmaster merupakan sebutan dari seorang yang ahli dalam dunia web. tugas web master biasanya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa web server,peranglat keras dan perangkat lunak yang beroperasi secara akurat yang merangcang halaman website dan juga bisa memriksa jaringan melalui situs.web master juga harus berpengalaman dalam perangkat lunak transaksi web,perangkat lunak proses pembayaran dan perangkat lunak keamanan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;dan ada juga yang mengatakan bahwa definisi web master adalah pelaku bisnis yang menggunakan media online bertujuan untuk berbisnis menjual produk atau jasa. disini webmaster buka hanya mencakup aspek teknis mengawasi,memelihara,membangun tetapi juga mengelolo konten,iklan pemasaran dan pemenuhanpesanan untuk situs web.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;hal hal yang di lakukan oleh webmaster biasanya adalah&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 39.05pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;membuat materi /isi situs web&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 39.05pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;mendesain arsitektur web&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 39.05pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;menerapkan aplikasi web&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 39.05pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;membuat tampilan web&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 39.05pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;mengelole situs web&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Secara garis besar tugas seorang webmaster &amp;nbsp;adalah bertanggung jawab untuk merencanakan,&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;merancang, mengelola dan memelihara situs agar tetap berjalan dengan baik.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Profesi web master biasa.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Untuk profesi webmaster bisa terbagi menjadi sub yang lebih kecil lagi seperti :&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web designer&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web designer bertugas untuk mendesain halan web,seperti merancang&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;halaman website sebagus mungkin supaya bisa menarik para pengunjung yang ada&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;line-height: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web programmer&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web programer adalah seorang yang ahli dalam pembuatan program,biasanya dia menguasai berbagai bahasa pemograman,seperti javascript,php,jQuery,css database dan lain lain.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;line-height: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;line-height: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web animator&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web animator bertugas untuk membuat animasi yang manarik yang bertujuan untuk menarik banyak pengunjung&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;line-height: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;ü&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web administrator&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;web administrator bertanggung jawab penuh atas seb yang yang sudah di buatnya.&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Instalasi, konfigurasi, dan merawat hosting dan domain berjalan dengan baik&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Menjaga keutuhan data dalam server&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mengatur account dan password untuk keperluan admin dan user&lt;o:p style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Mengatur keamanan server dan firewall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, &amp;quot;Myriad Pro&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sumber :http://ade-technoit91.blogspot.com/2012/12/pengertian-webmaster.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/3240440182327906249/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/web-master.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3240440182327906249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3240440182327906249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/11/web-master.html' title='Web Master'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-6632413890072195624</id><published>2020-10-20T00:51:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2020-10-20T00:51:09.501-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Bahaya Narkoba</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px;&quot;&gt;Setiap tahun, jumlah&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/ciri-pengguna-narkoba-kapan-harus-waspada/&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;pengguna narkoba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang) di Indonesia terus meningkat. Kenaikannya bahkan bisa mencapai angka 40%. Saking maraknya penggunaan narkoba di Indonesia, negara ini sudah jadi pasar narkoba terbesar di Asia Tenggara.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px;&quot;&gt;Hal ini masih terus terjadi salah satunya karena kurangnya edukasi masyarakat seputar bahaya narkoba.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Kebanyakan pengguna narkoba di Indonesia&amp;nbsp;mungkin hanya tahu sepintas saja soal efek dan bahaya narkoba, tapi sudah terlanjur terbuai janji-janji yang ditawarkan oleh pengedar. Akibatnya, banyak orang tidak berpikir panjang dan terjebak di dalam lingkaran setan yang sulit sekali diputus. Karenanya, simak dulu bahaya berbagai jenis narkoba yang populer di Indonesia berikut ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 1px 0px -0.1px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px;&quot;&gt;1. Ganja&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/efek-ganja-pada-gerak-tubuh/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Ganja&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;juga dikenal dengan sebutan marijuana, kanabis, cimeng, rumput,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;weed,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;gelek, atau pocong. Jenis narkoba ini sendiri diolah dari tanaman ganja yang dikeringkan. Ganja yang sudah dikeringkan akan digunakan dengan cara dilinting seperti rokok atau diisap lewat pipa. Berikut adalah bahaya ganja dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya ganja jangka pendek&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Senyawa berbahaya dalam ganja yaitu&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;(THC) akan masuk ke aliran darah dalam waktu kurang dari 30 menit. Akibatnya, THC akan mengacaukan sistem reseptor otak sehingga Anda akan merasakan sensasi seperti melayang-layang (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;high&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;). Kemudian, yang terjadi adalah penglihatan terganggu, perubahan suasana hati yang ekstrem, gerakan tubuh terbatas, koordinasi melemah, sulit berpikir dan mengambil keputusan, daya ingat terganggu, bicara melantur, dan respon jadi sangat lambat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya ganja jangka panjang&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Seperti narkoba lainnya, ganja sangat mungkin menyebabkan kecanduan. Kalau sudah kecanduan, inilah yang mungkin dialami pengguna ganja jangka panjang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Menurunnya fungsi otak seperti berpikir, mengingat, berkonsentrasi, belajar, dan bekerja. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gangguan pernapasan dan penyakit paru seperti batuk kronis, infeksi paru-paru, paru-paru basah, dan kanker paru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Detak jantung memburu sehingga bisa memicu serangan jantung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gangguan kehamilan dan kesehatan bayi. THC yang sudah masuk dalam darah akan memengaruhi perkembangan organ tubuh janin. Selain itu, THC juga bisa berpindah pada bayi lewat cairan ASI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/berbagai-penyebab-halusinasi/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Halusinasi&lt;/a&gt;, ketakutan dan kecemasan berlebihan, serta gangguan mental seperti depresi dan keinginan bunuh diri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 1px 0px -0.1px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px;&quot;&gt;2. Sabu&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Jenis narkoba yang paling umum digunakan di Indonesia adalah sabu. Sabu adalah obat stimulan bernama&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;methamphetamine. Nama lain sabu adalah kristal, meth, SS, dan kapur. Bentuk sabu yang dijual pengedar berbeda-beda. Pengguna sabu bisa menelan pil, menghirup/ merokok bubuk sabu, atau menyuntik larutan sabu. Berikut adalah efek mengonsumsi sabu dalam jangka pendek dan panjang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya sabu jangka pendek&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Menggunakan sabu sedikit saja sudah bisa mengacaukan kadar zat kimia alami dalam otak. Zat bernama dopamin akan diproduksi secara berlebihan dan bisa menyebabkan sensasi gembira berlebihan. Biasanya sensasi tersebut diikuti dengan gejala seperti di bawah ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Napas memburu atau terengah-engah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/15-penyebab-insomnia-sulit-tidur/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Insomnia&lt;/a&gt;, tidak bisa diam, dan gelisah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nafsu makan hilang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Detak jantung jadi lebih cepat dan memburu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Tekanan darah naik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Suhu tubuh meningkat (hipertermia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya sabu jangka panjang&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Bahaya narkoba yang satu ini bersifat serius dan fatal. Penggunaan atau kecanduan sabu dalam jangka panjang bisa menimbulkan efek-efek berikut ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Risiko infeksi HIV, hepatitis B, dan hepatitis C meningkat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Berat badan menurun drastis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gigi dan gusi hancur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gatal kronis hingga menyebabkan luka-luka karena digaruk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sikap agresif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Halusinasi, paranoia, ling-lung, dan cemas berlebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Menurunnya fungsi otak seperti kemampuan berpikir, belajar, mengingat, dan berkonsentrasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 1px 0px -0.1px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px;&quot;&gt;3. Ekstasi&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ekstasi adalah obat sintetis terlarang yang dibuat dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;(MDMA). Sifatnya mirip dengan obat stimulan keras dan halusinogen. Biasanya ekstasi diedarkan di pesta-pesta, diskotek, atau klub malam. Sebutan lain untuk esktasi antara lain adalah X, XTC, inex, dan adam. Berikut adalah berbagai efek samping ekstasi bagi penggunanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya ekstasi jangka pendek&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Efek esktasi bisa dirasakan dalam waktu 30 menit setelah dikonsumsi. Setelah menggunakan ekstasi, inilah yang mungkin terjadi pada Anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sensasi bahagia berlebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pandangan kabur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Menggigil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Keringat dingin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gigi bergemeletuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Kram otot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya ekstasi jangka panjang&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ekstasi bisa menyebabkan kecanduan. Jika Anda sudah menjadi pengguna tetap atau pecandu ekstasi, perubahan-perubahan berikut ini mungkin muncul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Perilaku impulsif dan agresif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Susah mengingat dan berkonsentrasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nafsu makan hilang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gairah dan kepuasan seks menurun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gangguan tidur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/pusat-kesehatan/penyakit-mental/bagaimana-mengatasi-depresi&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Depresi&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan kecemasan berlebihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 1px 0px -0.1px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px;&quot;&gt;4. Heroin&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/ciri-gejala-sakau-narkoba-heroin/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Heroin&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dikenal dengan sebutan putau, bedak, dan etep. Heroin adalah obat opioid turunan morfin yang biasanya digunakan untuk meredakan rasa nyeri. Cara penggunannya adalah disuntik, dihirup, atau diisap. Berikut adalah berbagai bahaya narkoba yang satu ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya heroin jangka pendek&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Setelah menggunakan heroin, penggunanya akan merasakan gelombang kebahagiaan (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;rush&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;) yang membuncah. Sensasi tersebut mungkin diikuti dengan efek samping berikut ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mulut kering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Berada dalam kondisi antara sadar dan tidak sadar hingga&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/pasien-koma-masih-sadar-tidak/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;koma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Kaki dan tangan terasa berat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Kerusakan otak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gangguan fungsi jantung dan pernapasan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bahaya heroin jangka panjang&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; margin-bottom: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Menggunakan heroin dalam jangka panjang bisa berakibat fatal dan menyebabkan hal-hal berikut ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14.76px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Penyakit hati dan ginjal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Penyakit paru-paru, termasuk&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/penyakit/pneumonia-viral/&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3389f0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Infeksi katup jantung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Gigi dan gusi hancur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nafsu makan hilang hinga berat badan menurun drastis dan kekurangan gizi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Kematian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;open sans, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #555555;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.76px;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/bahaya-narkoba-berdasarkan-jenisnya/&quot;&gt;https://hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/bahaya-narkoba-berdasarkan-jenisnya/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/6632413890072195624/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/bahaya-narkoba.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6632413890072195624'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6632413890072195624'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/bahaya-narkoba.html' title='Bahaya Narkoba'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-1258527575187651976</id><published>2020-10-10T20:34:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2020-10-10T20:34:26.850-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Kumpulan Doa-Doa Pendek Beserta Artіnуa </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;kumpu&lt;span style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;lan doa-doa pendek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;islam Terlengkap dan Artinya Kumpulan doa-doa pendek islam pilihan tеrlеngkaр. Kumpulan doa-doa pendek sehari-hari уang harus diterapkan dalam setiap aktіνіtaѕ. Mujarab terbaik pendek tеrlеngkaр dalam alquran dan sunnah para nabi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;Kumpulan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;doa-doa pendek&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;beserta artіnуa, agama islam mеruрakan agama уang indah dalam agama islam јuga mеngaјarkan doa-doa pendek уang mudah di hafal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;Artikel ini juga akan mеmbahaѕ, kumpulan doa-doa pendek untuk anak yang mudah untuk mereka hafal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;Doa уaіtu sеbuah sarana уang akan menumbuhkan rasa kehati-hatian terhadap seseorang , dі mana mereka yang dalam sеgala hal pekerjaannya sеlalu tеranсam bahaya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;Kumpulan doa-doa pendek sehari-hari уang lengkap dan pendek, ѕереrtі doa keselamatan, makan, tidur, doa sehabis ѕhоlat 5 waktu dan doa kedua orangtua lеbіh lеngkaрnуa dapat dipahami di doa untuk kedua оrang tua, arab beserta artinya . untuk уang lainnya akan kami bahaѕ dalam artіkеl ini.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Montserrat, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Oxygen-Sans, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;Kumpulan Doa-Doa Pendek Beserta Artіnуa :&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;1. Doa mau tidur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Уang реrtama adalah doa ketika mau tidur. dalam suatu keterangan dіѕеbutkan bahwa tidur adalah keadaan dі mana kіta ѕеdang sеtеngah matі, karena kоndіѕі tubuh уang ѕеdang tіdak sadar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mеngеtahuі hal tеrѕеbut, kіta panjatkan doa рada allah agar tеtaр diberi perlindungan selama tidur dan dibangunkan kembali dalam kеadaan yang sehat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Berikut adalah doa kеtіka hendak tіdur.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;بِسْمِكَ اللّهُمَّ اَحْيَا وَاَمُوْتُ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya : “dеngan nama-mu уa allah aku hіduр dan aku matі”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;2. Doa bangun tidur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ketika kita bangun darі tidur, mеndaрatі dіrі kіta dalam kеadaan segar dan sehat. sudah sepantasnya kіta syukuri kondisi tеrѕеbut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Panjatkan lah doa segera setelah kіta bangun. dі sunnahkan рula untuk mengucek mata atau bagіan-bagian muka уang lecek sembari berdoa. adaрun doa bangun tidur adalah sebagai berikut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَحْيَاناَ بَعْـدَ مَا أَمَاتَنَا وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُوْرِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artіnуa : “sеgala puji bagi allah уang membangunkan kamі setelah ditidurkan-nуa dan kерada-nya kamі dіbangkіtkan” (hr. Bukhari dan muѕlіm)”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;3. Doa saat dapat mіmрі baik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kеtіka mendapat mіmрі baik tеrkaіt dеngan hіduр kіta, mungkіn kita berharap mіmрі tеrѕеbut kеmudіan jadi nуata.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tеntunуa dengan izin allah dan uѕaha уang kіta lakukan untuk mencapainya. Makanya, saat mendapat mіmрі baik, panjatkan lah doa berikut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ الَّذِيْ قَطْلَ الْحَاجَتِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artіnуa: “sеgala puji bagi allah yang tеlah memberi hajatku”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;4. Doa kеtіka mendapati mimpi buruk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kеtіka mendapat mіmрі buruk уang sama sеkalі tіdak kita іngіnkan kеbеradaannуa. Tidak ada уang рantaѕ kіta mintai pertolongan dan perlindungan selain allah swt.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mintalah perlindungan рada-nya darі berbagai godaan dan gangguan yang bisa melenakan. Dan saat mendapat mimpi buruk, bеrіkut doa уang bіѕa kіta hafal dan panjatkan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنّىِ أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَسَيِّئاَتِ اْلأَحْلاَمِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artіnуa: “ya allah, ѕеѕungguhnуa aku mоhоn perlindungan kерada engkau darі реrbuatan sеtan dan darі mіmрі-mimpi уang buruk”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;5. Doa mеnјеlang subuh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;subuh adalah waktu уang sangat agung dalam islam. Hadist menyebutkan bahwa ѕhalat dua rakaat sebelum subuh itu lеbіh baik dan berharga darірada dunіa dan sеgala isinya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oleh karenanya beruntung lah kita уang masih diberikan kesadaran dan bisa bangun saat subuh tiba. Inilah doa yang bіѕa ѕоbat panjatkan saat mеnјеlang subuh.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَللّٰهُمَّ اِنِّى اَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ ضِيْقِ الدُّنْيَا وَضِيْقِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya: “ya allah! sesungguhnya aku berlindung kерada-mu darі kesempitan dunіa dan kesempitan hari kiamat&quot;. (hr. Abu daud).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;6. Doa ketika Bеrѕіn dan mendengar оrang laіn Bеrѕіn&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Bеrѕіn adalah sеbuah nіkmat уang berharga уang kadang dіluрakan dan diabaikan оlеh banyak orang. dеngan bersin maka kоtоran-kotoran dalam hidung dan sistem rеѕріraѕі daрat hіlang dan tubuh bisa lebih sehat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Doa kеtіka bеrѕіn sеbagaі bеrіkut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya: &quot;sеgala рuјі bagi allah&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Doa ketika mеndеngar orang laіn bersin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya: &quot;sеmоga allah memberi rahmat kepadamu&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kеmudіan оrang yang bеrѕіn јuga mengucap doa lagі sеbagaі berikut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;يَهْدِيْكُمُ اللهُ وَيَصْلِحُ بَالَكُمً&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artіnуa: &quot;sеmоga allah memberi petunjuk kерadamu dan membaguskan kеadaanmu&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;7. Doa saat mau makan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;sеtіaр hari kita pasti makan, dan atas apa уang telah kіta daрat makan tersebut sudah sewajarnya kіta panjatkan doa sеbеlum makan. agar aрa уang kіta makan bisa bermanfaat dan mеndaрat berkah darі allah swt.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;الَّلهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيمَا رَزَقْتَنَا، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya : “yaa allah, berkatilah rezeki уang еngkau berikan kepada kamі, dan peliharalah kami darі siksa api neraka”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;8. Doa saat lupa baca doa sebelum makan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mungkіn ѕеrіng dі antara kіta lupa kеtіka hendak makan namun luрa berdoa seperti di atas. Untuk іtu kita bіѕa menggantinya dеngan baсaan doa sеbagaі berikut.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;بِسْمِ اللهِ فِىِ أَوَّلِهِ وَآخِرِهِ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya: “dengan menyebut nama allah рada awal dan akhirnya”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;9. Doa sesudah makan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tak lupa рula setelah bеrеѕ makan, bеrіkut adalah doa yang daрat kіta panjatkan sеbagaі bеntuk raѕa terima kasih dan syukur kіta рada allah swt.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ الَّذِيْنَ اَطْعَمَنَا وَسَقَانَا وَجَعَلَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِيْنَ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artinya: “sеgala puji bagi allah уang memberi kami makan dan minum ѕеrta menjadikan kami memeluk agama islam”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;10. Doa setelah minum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;sеlерaѕ mіnum kіta juga dianjurkan untuk mengucap doa yang juga sеbagaі bentuk syukur atas nikmat. Nikmat dalam bentuk minuman yang menyegarkan dan menyehatkan badan. Bеrіkut adalah doanya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ الَّذِىْ جَعَلَهُ عَذْبًا فُرَاتًا بِرَحْمَتِهِ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ مِلْحًا اُجَاجًا بِذُنُوْبِنَا&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Artіnуa: “sеgala puji bagi allah уang tеlah menjadikan aіr іnі (minuman) ѕеgar dan menggiatkan dеngan rahmat-nуa dan tidak menjadikan aіr іnі (minuman) asin lagі pahit karеna dosa-dosa kamі”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-size: 18px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;sumber :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;https://www.madureh.com/2019/11/kumpulan-doa-doa-pendek-islam.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #4b4f56; font-family: Ubuntu;&quot;&gt;https://saintif.com/doa-sehari-hari/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/1258527575187651976/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/kumpulan-doa-doa-pendek-beserta-artna.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1258527575187651976'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1258527575187651976'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/kumpulan-doa-doa-pendek-beserta-artna.html' title='Kumpulan Doa-Doa Pendek Beserta Artіnуa '/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-6842329481951332491</id><published>2020-10-10T20:17:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2020-10-10T20:17:52.731-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Contoh Etika Berprofesi Dalam Bidang IT</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiiw9vvgCfI2y5fdArDi8ocbHrPctp_FeIC0AxXSBplwifqwWhjbkOVqPx4NM5NuV7Xdwi-Wzzi4BsbHTUT4fcFwumYLpNme3SolWN4iQXOEm_vWd5HmL2m2VzOPVhjbeaF1QaJdMHCw9n//&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;179&quot; data-original-width=&quot;282&quot; height=&quot;203&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiiw9vvgCfI2y5fdArDi8ocbHrPctp_FeIC0AxXSBplwifqwWhjbkOVqPx4NM5NuV7Xdwi-Wzzi4BsbHTUT4fcFwumYLpNme3SolWN4iQXOEm_vWd5HmL2m2VzOPVhjbeaF1QaJdMHCw9n//&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengertian Etika&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Kata etika berasal dari bahasa yunani dari kata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ethos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;yang berarti kebiasaan atau sifat sedangkan yang kedua dari kata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ethos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;, yang artinya peasant batin atau kecenderungan batin yang mendorong manusia dalam perilakunya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia etika dijelaskan dengan membedakan tiga arti sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.5; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ilmu tentang apa yang baik dan apa yang buruk dan tentang hak dan kewajiban moral (akhlak).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kumpulan asas atau nilai yang berkenaan dengan akhlak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Nilai mengenai benar dan salah dianut suatu golongan masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Atau etika merupakan refleksi atau apa yang disebut dengan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;self kontrol&lt;/i&gt;, karena segala seseuatunya dibuat dan diterapkan dari dan untuk kepentingan kelompok sosial (profesi) itu sendiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pengertian Profesi dan Profesional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Profesi adalah pekerjaan yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan keahlian khusus dalam bidang pekerjaannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Profesional adalah orang yang mempunyai atau menjalankan profesi dan hidup dari pekerjaan itu dengan mengandalkan suatu keahlian yang tinggi. Setiap profesional berpegang pada nilai moral yang mengarahkan dan mendasari perbuatan luhur. Dalam melaksanakan tugas profesinya, para profesional harus bertindak objektif, artinya bebas dari rasa malu, sentimen , benci, sikap malas dan enggan bertindak.&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Profesi di Bidang TI Sebagai Profesi
Untuk mengatakan apakah suatu pekerjaan termasuk profesi atau bukan, criteria
pekerjaan tersebut harus diuji.
Sebagai contoh, pekerjaan sebagai staf operator computer ( sekedar mengoperasikan ),
tidak masuk dalam golongan profesi jika untuk bekerja sebagai staf operator tersebut
tidak membutuhkan latar belakang pendidikan tertentu.
Adapun seorang software engineer dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah profesi karena
seseorang yang bekerja sebagai software engineer haruslah berpengetahuan dan memiliki
pengalaman kerja di bidangnya.
Julius Hermawan ( 2003 ), mencatat dua karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh software
engineer sehingga pekerjaan tersebut layak disebut sebuah profesi, yaitu :
1. Kompetensi
Kompetensi yang dimaksud yaitu sifat yang selalu menuntut professional software
engineer untuk memperdalam dan memperbaharui pengetahuan dan keterampilannya
sesuai tuntutan profesinya.
2. Tanggung jawab pribadi
Yang dimaksud yaitu kesadaran untuk membebankan hasil pekerjaannya sebagai
tanggung jawab pribadi.
Agar dapat melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya secara baik dan benar, seorang
software engineer perlu terus mengembangkan bidang ilmu dalam pengembangan
perangkat lunak, seperti :
a. Bidang ilmu metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak
b. Manajemen sumber daya
c. Mengelola kelompok kerja
d. Komunikasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;anggung Jawab Profesi TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sebagai tanggung jawab moral, perlu diciptakan ruang bagi komunitas yang akan saling menghormati di dalamnya, Misalnya IPKIN (Ikatan Profesi Komputer &amp;amp; Informatika) semenjak tahun 1974.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ciri-ciri Profesionalime&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang IT berbeda dari bidang pekerjaan yang lainnya. Ciri-cirinya adalah sebagai berikut :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.25em; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Memiliki kemampuan / keterampilan dalam menggunakan peralatan yang berhubungan dengan bidang pekerjaan IT Seorang IT harus mengetahui dan mempraktekkan pengetahuan IT-nya ke dalam pekerjaannya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Punya ilmu dan pengalaman dalam menganalisa suatu software atau Program.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Bekerja di bawah disiplin kerja&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mampu melakukan pendekatan disipliner&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mampu bekerja sama&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Cepat tanggap terhadap masalah client.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Contoh ciri – ciri profesionalisme di bidang IT adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2.25em; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Keterampilan yang berdasar pada pengetahuan teoretis Profesional diasumsikan mempunyai pengetahuan teoretis yang ekstensif dan memiliki keterampilan yang berdasar pada pengetahuan tersebut dan bisa diterapkan dalam praktek.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Asosiasi profesional Profesi biasanya memiliki badan yang diorganisasi oleh para anggotanya, yang dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan status para anggotanya. Organisasi profesi tersebut biasanya memiliki persyaratan khusus untuk menjadi anggotanya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pendidikan yang ekstensif Profesi yang prestisius biasanya memerlukan pendidikan yang lama dalam jenjang pendidikan tinggi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ujian kompetensi Sebelum memasuki organisasi profesional, biasanya ada persyaratan untuk lulus dari suatu tes yang menguji terutama pengetahuan teoretis.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pelatihan institutional Selain ujian, juga biasanya dipersyaratkan untuk mengikuti pelatihan istitusional dimana calon profesional mendapatkan pengalaman praktis sebelum menjadi anggota penuh organisasi. Peningkatan keterampilan melalui pengembangan profesional juga dipersyaratkan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Lisensi Profesi menetapkan syarat pendaftaran dan proses sertifikasi sehingga hanya mereka yang memiliki lisensi bisa dianggap bisa dipercaya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Otonomi kerja Profesional cenderung mengendalikan kerja dan pengetahuan teoretis mereka agar terhindar adanya intervensi dari luar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kode etik Organisasi profesi biasanya memiliki kode etik bagi para anggotanya dan prosedur pendisiplinan bagi mereka yang melanggar aturan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengatur diri Organisasi profesi harus bisa mengatur organisasinya sendiri tanpa campur tangan pemerintah. Profesional diatur oleh mereka yang lebih senior, praktisi yang dihormati, atau mereka yang berkualifikasi paling tinggi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Francois One&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pelanggaran Etika Profesi di Bidang IT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kejahatan Komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kejahatan komputer atau&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;computer crime&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah kejahatan yang ditimbulkan karena penggunaan komputer secara ilegal. Kejahatan komputer terus berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi komputer saat ini. Beberapa jenis kejahatan komputer meliputi&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Denial of Services&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(melumpuhkan layanan sebuah sistem komputer), penyebaran,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;spam&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;carding&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(pencurian melalui internet) dan lain-lain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Netiket&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Netiket&amp;nbsp;merupakan aspek penting dalam perkembangan teknologi komputer. Internet merupakan sebuah jaringan yang menghubungkan komputer di dunia sehingga komputer dapat mengakses satu sama lain. Internet menjadi peluang baru dalam perkembangan&amp;nbsp;Bisnis, Pendidikan, Kesehatan,&amp;nbsp;layanan pemerintah dan bidang-bidang lainnya. Melalui internet, interaksi manusia dapat dilakukan tanpa harus bertatap muka. Tingginya tingkat pemakaian internet di dunia melahirkan sebuah aturan baru di bidang internet yaitu netiket. Netiket merupakan sebuah etika acuan dalam berkomunikasi menggunakan internet. Standar netiket ditetapkan oleh IETF (&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;The Internet Engineering Task Force&lt;/i&gt;), sebuah&amp;nbsp;komunitas&amp;nbsp;internasional yang terdiri dari operator, perancang jaringan dan peneliti yang terkait dengan pengoperasian internet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;E-commerce&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Berkembangnya penggunaan internet di dunia berpengaruh terhadap kondisi Ekonomi dan perdagangan negara. Melalui internet, transaksi perdagangan dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan efisien. Akan tetapi, perdagangan melalui internet atau yang lebih dikenal dengan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;e-commerce&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;ini menghasilkan permasalahan baru seperti perlindungan konsumen, permasalahan kontrak transaksi, masalah pajak dan kasus-kasus pemalsuan tanda tangan digital. Untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut, para penjual dan pembeli menggunakan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Uncitral Model Law on Electronic Commerce&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;1996 sebagai acuan dalam melakukan transaksi lewat internet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pelanggaran HAKI (Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Berbagai kemudahan yang ditawarkan oleh internet menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran HAKI seperti pembajakan program komputer, penjualan program ilegal dan pengunduhan ilegal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tanggung Jawab Profesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Berkembangnya teknologi komputer telah membuka lapangan kerja baru seperti&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;programmer&lt;/i&gt;, teknisi mesin komputer, Desainer Grafis dan lain-lain. Para pekerja memiliki interaksi yang sangat tinggi dengan komputer sehingga diperlukan pemahaman mendalam mengenai etika komputer dan tanggung jawab profesi yang berlaku&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;sumber :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;https://aditerecause.blogspot.com/2020/10/contoh-etika-berprofesi-dalam-bidang-it.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;http://bangbiw.com/mengenal-etika-profesi-dalam-teknologi-informasi-it/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px none; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/6842329481951332491/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/contoh-etika-berprofesi-dalam-bidang-it.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6842329481951332491'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6842329481951332491'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/contoh-etika-berprofesi-dalam-bidang-it.html' title='Contoh Etika Berprofesi Dalam Bidang IT'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiiw9vvgCfI2y5fdArDi8ocbHrPctp_FeIC0AxXSBplwifqwWhjbkOVqPx4NM5NuV7Xdwi-Wzzi4BsbHTUT4fcFwumYLpNme3SolWN4iQXOEm_vWd5HmL2m2VzOPVhjbeaF1QaJdMHCw9n/s72-c/" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-3642279215780796451</id><published>2020-10-04T17:43:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2020-10-04T17:43:32.579-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Niat Sholat dhuha</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Sholat dhuha merupakan amalan yang sangat dianjurkan. Penyebabnya, terdapat beberapa keutamaan dalam sholat ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Banyak sekali dalil dalam Hadis yang menunjukkan keutamaan dari sholat dhuha. Salah satunya merupakan sarana untuk memohon ampunan dosa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Hadis riwayat At Tirmidzi dan Ibnu Majah menyebutkan bahwa, &quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Siapa yang membiasakan (menjaga) sholat dhuha, dosanya akan diampuni meskipun sebanyak buih di lautan.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Keutamaan lain dari sholat dhuha yaitu tidak termasuk ke dalam golongan orang lalai dalam mencari rahmat Allah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&quot; Orang yang mengerjakan sholat dhuha tidak termasuk orang lalai,&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (HR Al Baihaqi dan An Nasai)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Sholat dhuha juga memiliki keutamaan termasuk bagian dari sedekah. Dalam hadis riwayat Muslim, Rasulullah Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;“&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Setiap pagi, setiap ruas anggota badan kalian wajib dikeluarkan sedekahnya. Setiap tasbih adalah sedekah, setiap tahmid adalah sedekah, setiap tahlil adalah sedekah, setiap takbir adalah sedekah, menyuruh kepada kebaikan adalah sedekah, dan melarang berbuat munkar adalah sedekah. Semua itu dapat diganti dengan shalat dhuha dua rakaat.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 30px 0px 15px;&quot;&gt;ukum Mengerjakan Sholat Dhuha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Hukum sholat dhuha adalah sunnah muakkad. Artinya hukum sunnah yang sangat dianjurkan, sebab Rasulullah&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;sendiri melakukannya dan menjadikannya sebagai suatu wasiat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Diriwayatkan dari Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu yang berkata, &quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Kekasihku (Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) memberikan pesan (wasiat) kepadaku dengan tiga hal yang tidak pernah aku tinggalkan hingga aku meninggal nanti. Yaitu puasa tiga hari setiap bulan, shalat dhuha, dan tidur dalam keadaan sudah mengerjakan shalat witir.&lt;/em&gt;” (Muttafaqun ‘Alaih, Al-Bukhari No. 1981, Muslim No. 721)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 30px 0px 15px;&quot;&gt;Syarat Sah Mengerjakan Sholat Dhuha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Sebenarnya syarat sah sholat dhuha sama saja seperti sholat pada umumnya. Sebelum sholat, disyaratkan untuk suci dari hadas kecil dan hadas besar; suci badan, pakaian dan tempat dari najis; menutup aurat; mengetahui masuknya waktu sholat; dan menghadap kiblat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 30px 0px 15px;&quot;&gt;Waktu Mengerjakan Sholat Dhuha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Waktu sholat dhuha berlangsung beberapa jam, dimulai sejak Matahari terbit (naik) hingga condong ke barat. Waktu sholat dhuha sendiri terbagi menjadi dua bagian:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;1. Awal Waktu Sholat Dhuha&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Untuk awal waktu sholat dhuha ini dimulai 20 menit setelah Matahari terbit. Ini sesuai dengan keterangan hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh ‘Amr bin ‘Abasah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda: “&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Kerjakanlah shalat subuh kemudian tinggalkanlah shalat hingga matahari terbit, sampai matahari naik. Ketika matahari terbit, ia terbit di antara dua tanduk setan, saat itu orang-orang kafir sedang bersujud (menyembah Matahari).&lt;/em&gt;” (HR. Muslim)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;2. Akhir Waktu Sholat Dhuha&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Akhir waktu sholat dhuha ini adalah 15 menit sebelum masuk waktu sholat zhuhur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Namun waktu terbaik atau utama mengerjakan sholat dhuha adalah di waktu yang akhir atau seperempat siang, yaitu dalam keadaan yang semakin panas. Itu sesuai dengan hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Zaid bin Arqam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Zaid bin Arqam melihat orang-orang mengerjakan shalat dhuha (di awal pagi). Dia berkata,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;“ Tidakkah mereka mengetahui bahwa shalat di selain waktu ini lebih utama. Sesungguhnya Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, ‘Shalat orang-orang awwabin (taat; kembali pada Allah) adalah ketika anak unta mulai kepanasan’.&lt;/em&gt;” (HR. Muslim)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 30px 0px 15px;&quot;&gt;Niat dan Tata Cara Sholat Dhuha Lengkap, Dengan Bacaan Doa Sesuai Sunnah&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Tata cara sholat dhuha sebenarnya sama seperti shalat sunnah lain pada umumnya, yaitu shalat dua rakaat dengan satu salam. Perbedaan tata cara sholat dhuha dari shalat sunnah lainnya terletak pada bacaan niat, doa, dan waktunya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Shalat sunnah dhuha paling sedikit dikerjakan sebanyak 2 rakaat. Namun sebagian ulama tidak membatasi. Ada yang mengatakan 12 rakaat, ada yang yang mengatakan bisa lebih banyak lagi hingga waktu dhuha habis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam sendiri kadang mengerjakan sholat dhuha 4 rakaat. Tetapi beliau pernah melaksanakan shalat dhuha hingga 8 rakaat. Ini sesuai dengan hadis Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Dari Ummu Hani’ binti Abi Thalib,&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot; Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam pernah mengerjakan sholat dhuha sebanyak 8 rakaat. Pada setiap dua rakaat, beliau mengucap salam.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(HR. Abu Dawud)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;Niat Sholat Dhuha&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Mengucapkan niat sholat dhuha sebelum takbirotul ihram hukumnya sunnah menurut madzhab Syafi’i dan Hambali. Fungsi dari mengucap niat sholat dhuha sendiri adalah untuk mengingatkan hati sehingga lebih mantap dan khusyu’ dalam menjalankan shalatnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Sedangkan menurut madzhab Maliki dan Hanafi, mengucap niat sholat dhuha sebelum mengangkat tangan dan takbirotul ihram tidak disyariatkan, kecuali bagi orang yang was-was (ragu-ragu dengan niatnya).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Kedua madzhab tersebut menyebutkan bahwa niat sholat dhuha cukup dilafalkan di dalam hati saja. Karena mengucap niat sholat dhuha adalah khilaful aula (menyalahi keutamaan) dan bid&#39;ah (tidak dicontohkan Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Terlepas dari perbedaan tersebut, bacaan niat sholat dhuha pada umumnya adalah:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Ilustrasi&quot; class=&quot;lozad&quot; data-loaded=&quot;true&quot; data-src=&quot;https://cdns.klimg.com/dream.co.id/resized/664xauto//real/2020/09/21/593975/ilustrasi.jpg&quot; src=&quot;https://cdns.klimg.com/dream.co.id/resized/664xauto//real/2020/09/21/593975/ilustrasi.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; width: 640px;&quot; title=&quot;Ilustrasi&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;detail-img__copyright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f1f1f1; box-sizing: border-box; color: #898989; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1em; padding: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;© dream.co.id&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;USHOLLI SUNNATADH DHUHAA ROK’ATAINI MUSTAQBILAL QIBLATI ADAA’AN LILLAAHI TA’AALAA.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Artinya:&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;“ Aku niat shalat sunnah dhuha dua rakaat menghadap kiblat saat ini karena Allah Ta’ala.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tata Cara Sholat Dhuha 2 Rakaat&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Untuk tata cara sholat dhuha 2 rakaat adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Niat sholat dhuha&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Takbirotul Ihram&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca Doa Iftitah (Sunnah)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca Surah Ad-Dhuha&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Ruku’ dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;I’tidal dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Sujud dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Duduk di antara dua sujud dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Sujud kedua dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Berdiri lagi untuk menunaikan rakaat kedua&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca Surah As-Syams&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Ruku’ dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;I’tidal dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Sujud dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Duduk di antara dua sujud dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Sujud kedua dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Tasyahud Akhir dengan tuma’ninah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Salam&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Membaca doa sholat dhuha&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Demikianlah tata cara sholat dhuha 2 rakaat. Setelah selesai mengerjakan sholat dhuha dianjurkan untuk banyak berdoa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;Tata Cara Sholat Dhuha 4 Rakaat&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana tata cara sholat dhuha 4 rakaat? Tata cara mengerjakan shalat dhuha 4 rakaat sebenarnya sama dengan yang 2 rakaat. Sholat dhuha dikerjakan dua rakaat salam, setelah itu dua rakaat salam. Begitu juga dengan shalat dhuha 8 rakaat dan seterusnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MetropolisSemibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 30px 0px 15px;&quot;&gt;Bacaan Doa Sholat Dhuha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Sebenarnya tidak ada doa khusus yang diajarkan Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam setelah selesai sholat dhuha. Sehingga dalam kitab-kitab Fiqih, para ulama sama sekali tidak mencantumkan doa sholat dhuha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Namun ada satu doa sholat dhuha yang populer dipanjatkan oleh kaum Muslim di seluruh dunia. Seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya, doa ini bukanlah berasal dari Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Ilustrasi&quot; class=&quot;lozad&quot; data-loaded=&quot;true&quot; data-src=&quot;https://cdns.klimg.com/dream.co.id/resized/664xauto//real/2020/09/21/593976/ilustrasi.jpg&quot; src=&quot;https://cdns.klimg.com/dream.co.id/resized/664xauto//real/2020/09/21/593976/ilustrasi.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; width: 640px;&quot; title=&quot;Ilustrasi&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;detail-img__copyright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f1f1f1; box-sizing: border-box; color: #898989; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1em; padding: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;© dream.co.id&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;ALLAHUMMA INNADHDHUHA-A DHUHA-UKA, WALBAHAA-ABAHAA-UKA, WAL JAMAALA JAMAALUKA, WAL QUWWATA QUWAATUKA, WAL QUDROTA QUDROTUKA, WAL ‘ISHMATA ISHMATUKA.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;ALLAHUMA INKAANA RIZQII FISSAMMA-I FA ANZILHU, WA INKAANA FIL ARDHI FA-AKHRIJHU, WA INKAANA MU’SIRON FAYASSIRHU, WAINKAANA HAROOMAN FA THOHHIRHU, WA INKAANA BA’IDAN FA QORIBHU, BIHAQQIDUHAA-IKA WA BAHAAIKA, WA JAMAALIKA WA QUWWATIKA WA QUDROTIKA, AATINI MAA ATAITA ‘IBAADAKASH SHOOLIHIiN.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Artinya:&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;“ Ya Allah, sesungguhnya waktu dhuha adalah waktu dhuha-Mu, keagungan adalah keagungan-Mu, keindahan adalah keindahan-Mu, kekuatan adalah kekuatan-Mu, penjagaan adalah penjagaan-Mu, Ya Allah, apabila rezekiku berada di atas langit maka turunkanlah, apabila berada di dalam bumi maka keluarkanlah, apabila sukar mudahkanlah, apabila haram sucikanlah, apabila jauh dekatkanlah dengan kebenaran dhuha-Mu, keagungan-Mu, keindahan-Mu dan kekuatan-Mu, berikanlah kepadaku apa yang Engkau berikan kepada hamba-hambaMu yang shalih”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Doa ini dicantumkan oleh Asy-Syarwani dalam&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Syarh Al Minhaj&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan disebutkan pula oleh Ad-Dimyathi dalam&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;I’anatuth Thalibiin.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Meskipun bukan berasal dari Nabi, kita boleh saja membaca doa tersebut dan doa lainnya asalkan semua itu baik.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;Demikianlah panduan niat dan tata cara sholat dhuha lengkap, dengan bacaan doa sesuai sunnah. Semoga panduan sholat dhuha ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Amin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0px 0px 30px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: MetropolisRegular;&quot;&gt;https://www.dream.co.id/orbit/tata-cara-sholat-dhuha-180726z.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/3642279215780796451/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/niat-sholat-dhuha.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3642279215780796451'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3642279215780796451'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/10/niat-sholat-dhuha.html' title='Niat Sholat dhuha'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-3559358433464854339</id><published>2020-07-01T08:12:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2020-07-01T08:12:47.844-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PROTOTYPING</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Rapid Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;about:invalid#zClosurez&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #428bca; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Wijaya: Metode Rapid Prototyping&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; height=&quot;149&quot; src=&quot;data:image/png;base64,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&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Rapid Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah teknik membentuk dan marakit sebuah produk dengan cara yang cepat dengan integrasi antara sistem CAD (Computer Aided Design) dan mesin dengan sistem Rapid prototyping (3D printing, CNC). Pembentukannya dengan menambahkan layer by layer sesuai irisan yang diolah dengan CAD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Dimensi Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1.&amp;nbsp;Representasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f3f3f3; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Dari sebuah prototyping dapat dipertanyakan apakah hasilnya nanti akan dipresentasikan dalam sebuah konteks tekstual (kata-kata berbentuk narasi) atau dilengkapi dengan tampilan visual setra diagram yang mendukung alur proses dari sebuah aplikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f3f3f3; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 21.9024px;&quot;&gt;Ruang Lingkup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Prototyping dapat berupa tampilan antar muka secara umum dan juga bisa dilengkapi dengan tampilan yang telah dilengkapi dengan contoh perhitungan ataupun tampilan data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;3.&lt;/span&gt;Executability&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Dalam dimensi ini, prototyping dengan kategori kompleks dapat berupa sebuah contoh program “setengah jadi” yang benar-benar dapat dieksekusi atau dijalankan, sehingga terbentuk sebuah simulasi yang seakan-akan nyata bagi para pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;4. Tahapan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Prototyping dapat melalui tahap-tahap tertentu hingga mencapai sebuah tahap yang dianggap “matang” sebelum memulai sebuah proses pembuatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;Terminologi Prototype&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 1. Prototype Horisontal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sangat luas, mengerjakan atau menunjukkan sebagian besar interface, tapi tidak mendalam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 2. Prototype Vertikal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Lebih sedikit aspek atau fitur dari interface yang disimulasikan, tetapi dilaksanakan dengan rincian yang&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; sangat baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 3. Early Prototyping (prototipe cepat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Beberapa keuntungan dari sistem prototipe cepat:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; a) Pengurangan biaya proyek dan risiko.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; b) Dapat digunakan pada industri yang berbeda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; c) Mudah kesalahan dalam desain sebelumnya dapat dideteksi dan kesalahan dapat diperbaiki.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Metode Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1.&amp;nbsp;Paper Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f3f3f3; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.063px;&quot;&gt;Paper prototyping dapat dianggap sebagai metode brainstorming, merancang, membuat, pengujian, dan berkomunikasi antarmuka pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f3f3f3; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 21.9024px;&quot;&gt;Metode Computer Based&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.003em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Metode ini biasanya dikerjakan kemudian. Sifat metode computer-based yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-top: 2em; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; · Menirukan lebih banyak kemampuan sistem.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp; · Pada umumnya hanya baru beberapa aspek atau fitur&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp; · Dapat berpusat pada lebih banyak detail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-top: 2em; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-top: 2em; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Deskripsi Desain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Dapat berupa deskripsi tekstual dari suatu desain sistem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Kelemahan yang nyata adalah seberapa jauh dari sistem yang sebenarnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Tidak dapat melakukan suatu pekerjaan yang mewakili aspek dari interface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Sketsa, Mock-ups&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Paper-Based “menggambarkan” interface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;Baik untuk mengungkapkan pendapat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Difokuskan pada orang dengan desain tingkat tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Tidak terlalu baik untuk menggambarkan alur dan rinciannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Murah dan cepat umpan balik sangat menolong.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Storyboarding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Pensil dan simulasi catatan atau&amp;nbsp; walkthrough dari kemampuan dan tampilan sistem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Menggunakan urutan diagram/gambar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Menunjukkan kunci snap shots.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Skenario&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Hipotesis atau imajinasi penggunaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;- Biasanya menyertakan beberapa&amp;nbsp; orang, peristiwa, lingkungan dan situasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp; Menyediakan konteks operasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp; Terkadang dalam format naratif, tetapi juga dapat berupa sketsa atau bahkan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;video.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;fp fq cd fr b fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh cv ap&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;a946&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-top: 2em; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Teknik-teknik prototyping meliputi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.003em; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: -0.46em; margin-top: 2em; word-break: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 1. Perancangan Model&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 2. Perancangan Dialog&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 3. Simulasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Prototyping Tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 3pt 0.5in; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Draw/Paint Program&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;contoh: Photoshop, Coreldraw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 3pt 0.5in; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Scripted Simulations/Slide Show&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;contoh: Powerpoint, Hypercard,&amp;nbsp; Macromedia Director.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 3pt 0.5in; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Interface Builders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; contoh: Visual Basic, Delphi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Sumber:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;http://qory-qorycahyapuspita.blogspot.com/2011/01/dimensi-prototyping.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;https://frusciego.blogspot.com/2020/07/prototyping.html?m=1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/3559358433464854339/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/07/prototyping.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3559358433464854339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/3559358433464854339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/07/prototyping.html' title='PROTOTYPING'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-5396628883914387543</id><published>2020-05-13T18:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2020-05-13T18:59:11.286-07:00</updated><title type='text'>GUI (Graphical User Interface)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Sejarah Singkat GUI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; text-indent: 0.5in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Di awal pembuatannya, komputer dijalankan dengan menggunakan perintah yang diketik di layar monitor menggunakan keyboard.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ini berlaku untuk semua program atau perintah tertentu yang terkait dengan sistem informasi. Ini tentu saja dianggap tidak praktis dan tidak canggih.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Selain itu hanya orang-orang tertentu yang dapat mengoperasikannya. Karena itu, para ahli diimbau untuk dapat menciptakan sesuatu yang dapat digunakan oleh orang awam dengan cara yang praktis dan mudah diingat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Akhirnya, GUI atau Antarmuka Pengguna grafis lahir. GUI adalah sekumpulan aplikasi yang menampilkan semua menu, ikon, dan perangkat penunjuk lain yang menggantikan perintah yang diketik dalam shell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Apa Itu GUI?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; text-indent: 0.5in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 20.6007px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;GUI (&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Graphical User Interface&lt;/i&gt;) adalah enis antarmuka pengguna yang menggunakan metode interaksi pada peranti elektronik secara grafis (bukan perintah teks) antara pengguna dan komputer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 18.5467px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan Kekurangan GUI&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Desain grafis lebih menarik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;GUI memungkinkan pengguna untuk berinteraksi dengan komputer dengan lebih baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Memudahkan pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Menarik pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Resolusi gambar tinggi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Makan memori yang sangat besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Tergantung pada perangkat keras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Membutuhkan banyak ruang pada layar komputer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Tidak fleksibel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0in; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Pengembangan Aplikasi dengan GUI&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; text-indent: 0.25in; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Graphical user interface dalam kombinasi visual berulir dengan fungsionalitas telah melampaui rekan karakter di pesat. Di sini, kebutuhan untuk mengingat dan mengetik perintah ini diganti, yang membuatnya sangat nyaman bagi pengguna untuk memiliki pengalaman yang nyaman dengan / mesin-nya. Kebutuhan untuk mengingat prosedur untuk memicu event (baik itu yang sederhana seperti membuka folder) tidak tetap.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Dengan GUI, Pengalaman pengguna ditingkatkan dan diperkaya ejaan keinginan yang lebih besar untuk antarmuka dengan sistem ~ ‘(Website, PC, gadget) dalam operasi. Dan ini jelas menekankan kembali peran vital dari GUI di web dan pengembangan aplikasi. Ketika datang untuk mengembangkan website skala besar, yang merupakan motor ~ sukses ‘di internet-driven dunia sekarang ini, standar dan parameter harus didefinisikan dengan baik. Fungsi back-end, visual, pengguna-keramahan dan isi situs akan menenun menjadi satu substansi yang integral tunggal yang disebut “pengalaman User”. Seperti disebutkan sebelumnya, website sebagai node dari bisnis online, atau brosur informasi online atau media hiburan, dipromosikan ke anak tangga teratas pada dasar pengalaman pengguna yang kaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Sumber:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://frusciego.blogspot.com/2020/05/graphical-user-interface-gui.html&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; color: #3498db; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;https://frusciego.blogspot.com/2020/05/graphical-user-interface-gui.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/5396628883914387543/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/05/gui-graphical-user-interface.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5396628883914387543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5396628883914387543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/05/gui-graphical-user-interface.html' title='GUI (Graphical User Interface)'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-2320789610074078527</id><published>2020-04-26T21:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2020-04-26T21:03:18.624-07:00</updated><title type='text'>INTERFACE</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;1. Interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;A&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;ntarmuka (&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;interface&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;) adalah salah satu layanan yang disediakan sistem operasi sebagai sarana interaksi antara pengguna dengan sistem operasi. Antarmuka adalah komponen sistem operasi yang bersentuhan langsung dengan pengguna. Terdapat dua jenis antarmuka, yaitu&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Command Line Interface&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;(CLI) dan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Graphical User Interface&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;(GUI).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: #555555; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;2. Tujuan User Interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border: 0px; color: #555555; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em 3.2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Menyesuaikan antar muka pengguna dengan tugas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Membuat antar muka pengguna menjadi efisien.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Memberikan arus balik yang tepat kepada pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Memunculkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang dapat dimanfaatkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Memperbaiki produktivitas dari pengetahuan pegawai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;3. Perbandingan Interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div data-adtags-visited=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Command Line Interface&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;(CLI)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-adtags-visited=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;CLI adalah tipe antarmuka dimana pengguna berinteraksi dengan sistem operasi melalui&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;text-terminal&lt;/i&gt;. Pengguna menjalankan perintah dan program di sistem operasi tersebut dengan cara mengetikkan baris-baris tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-adtags-visited=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Graphical User Interface&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;(GUI)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-adtags-visited=&quot;true&quot; style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; GUI adalah tipe antarmuka yang digunakan oleh pengguna untuk berinteraksi dengan sistem operasi melalui gambar-gambar grafik, ikon, menu, dan menggunakan perangkat penunjuk (&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;pointing device&lt;/i&gt;) seperti&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;mouse&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;atau&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;track ball&lt;/i&gt;. Elemen-elemen utama dari GUI bisa diringkas dalam konsep WIMP (&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;window, icon, menu, pointing device&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;4. Tipe - Tipe Interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Komponen Dasar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Komponen-komponen dasar interface grafis antara lain adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Tombol tekan (dalam gambar adalah kotak dengan label “Simpan”),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;spin box&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;list box&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;combo box&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;tombol radio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;check button&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #555555; margin-left: 36pt; outline: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Ø&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;dan penggeser (&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;sliding bar&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;atau disingkat&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;slider&lt;/i&gt;) baik yang tegak maupun datar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Perangkat Interaktif&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; text-indent: 24px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Alat Interaktif adalah perangkat-perangkat yang digunakan untuk memberi perintah komputer. Perangkat interaktif&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; text-indent: 24px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; contohnya:&amp;nbsp; Mouse, Trackball, dan Gamepad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; text-indent: 24px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; text-indent: 24px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Dialog Control&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; outline: 0px; text-indent: 24px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #555555; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;1. Dialog Berbasis Perintah Tunggal (Command Line Dialogue)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Merupakan ragam dialog yang paling konvensional. Perintah-perintah tunggal yang dapat dioperasikan biasanya tergantung dari sistem komputer yang dipakai dan berada dalam suatu&amp;nbsp;domain&amp;nbsp;yang disebut bahasa perintah (command language).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #555555; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;2. Dialog Berbasis Bahasa Pemrograman (Programming language dialogue)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #555555; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Dalam keadaan tertentu, penggunaan dialog berbasis perintah tunggal sering tidak memadai, khususnya ketika pengguna terus memberikan sederetan perintah-perintah yang sama setiap kali ia menjalankan program aplikasi tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; clear: both; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;5. Tipe - Tipe Interaksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear: both; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: #666666; font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Direct manipulation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Pengoperasian secara langsung : interaksi langsung dengan objek pada layar. Misalnya delete file dengan memasukkannya ke trash.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Contoh:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Video games.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan :&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Waktu pembelajaran user sangat singkat, feedback&amp;nbsp;langsung diberikan pada tiap aksi sehingga kesalahan terdeteksi dan diperbaiki dengan cepat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan :&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp; Interface tipe ini rumit dan memerlukan banyak fasilitas pada sistem komputer, cocok untuk penggambaran secara visual untuk satu operasi atau objek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Command language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Perintah tertulis : Menuliskan perintah yang sudah ditentukan pada program.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Contoh:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;operating system.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Kelebihan :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Perintah diketikan langsung pada system. Misal UNIX, DOS command. Bisa diterapkan pada terminal yang murah.Kombinasi perintah bisa dilakukan. Misal copy file dan rename nama file.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan :&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Perintah harus dipelajari dan diingat cara penggunaannya, tidak cocok untuk user biasa. Kesalahan pakai perintah sering terjadi. Perlu ada sistem pemulihan kesalahan.Kemampuan mengetik perlu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;- Natural language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Perintah dengan bahasa alami : Menggunakan bahasa alami untuk mendapatkan hasil.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Contoh:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;search engine di Internet.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Perintah dalam bentuk bahasa alami, dengan kosa kata yang terbatas (singkat), misalnya kata kunci yang kita tentukan untuk dicari&amp;nbsp;oleh search engine. Ada kebebasan menggunakan kata-kata.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tidak semua sistem cocok gunakan ini. Jika digunakan&amp;nbsp;maka akan memerlukan banyak pengetikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;sumber :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://frusciego.blogspot.com/2020/04/interface.html&quot; style=&quot;color: #3498db; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;https://frusciego.blogspot.com/2020/04/interface.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; outline: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/2320789610074078527/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/04/interface.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2320789610074078527'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2320789610074078527'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/04/interface.html' title='INTERFACE'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-6444838868535251596</id><published>2020-03-29T22:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2020-03-29T22:59:17.434-07:00</updated><title type='text'>INTERAKSI MANUSIA DAN KOMPUTER</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #af1c1c; font-family: Georgia, Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
Pengertian Interaksi Manusia Komputer&lt;span class=&quot;ez-toc-section&quot; id=&quot;Pengertian_Interaksi_Manusia_Komputer&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #757575; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Interaksi adalah suatu jenis tindakan atau aksi yang terjadi sewaktu dua atau lebih objek mempengaruhi atau memiliki efek satu sama lain.&amp;nbsp; Interaksi Manusia dengan Komputer adalah sebuah hubungan antara manusia dan komputer yang mempunyai karakteristik tertentu untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu dengan menjalankan sebuah sistem yang bertopengkan sebuah antarmuka (interface).&lt;br /&gt;nteraksi manusia dan komputer ialah&amp;nbsp;disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari suatu hubungan antara manusia serta&amp;nbsp;komputer yang meliputi perancangan, evaluasi, serta&amp;nbsp;implementasi antarmuka pengguna komputer agar mudah digunakan oleh manusia.&lt;br /&gt;Istilah IMK baru digunakan beberapa waktu yang lalu, namun istilah ini sudah mengakar kedalam bidang yang telah mapan sebelumnya. Studi ini telah dimulai dari saat perang dunia kedua dengan munculnya keperluan untuk menghasilkan system persenjataan yang efektif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #757575; font-family: Georgia, Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #757575; font-family: Georgia, Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Image result for interaksi manusia dan komputer&quot; height=&quot;243&quot; 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&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #af1c1c; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Konsep Input dan Output Dalam IMK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ez-toc-section&quot; id=&quot;Konsep_Input_dan_Output_Dalam_IMK&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Interaksi Manusia-Komputer (IMK) adalah Hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan desain, penilaian dan implementasi sistem komputer interaktif untuk kegunaan manusia serta kajian tentang fenomena yang terlibat dengannya (ACM SIGCHI, 1992, p.6).Sistem interaksi itu sendiri juga merupakan bagian dari sistem komputer yang dibuat, sehingga memungkinkan manusia berinteraksi dengan sistem komputer se-efektif mungkin guna memanfaatkan kemampuan pengolahan yang tersedia pada sistem komputer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; color: black; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-align: start; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Komputer terdiri atas beberapa perangkat yang saling berinteraksi untuk berbagai keperluan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 11.5px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;alat masukan : penulisan dan menunjuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;alat keluaran : layar, suara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;memori : RAM, hardisk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;prosessor : kecepatan proses, jaringan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sistem computer adalah jaringan dari elemen –elemen yang saling berhubungan dan membentuk satu kesatuan yang bekerja secara otomatis dalam melakukan pengolahan data untuk melaksanakan suatu tujuan pokok yaitu menghasilkan suatu keluaran dalam bentuk informasi yang diinginkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; color: black; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-align: start; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Komponen-komponen Sistem Komputer :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 11.5px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Hardware&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;Adalah Komponen fisik sistem computer, hardware tidak dapat beroperasi tanpa adanya software.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Software&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;Adalah program yang berisi perintah –perintah untuk melakukan pengolahan data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Brainware (manusia)&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;Adalah manusia yang terlibat didalam mengoperasikan serta mengatur system komputer. Hardware dan software tidak dapat beroperasi tanpa adanya brainware.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ketiga komponen itu harus saling bekerja sama agar sebuah sistem komputer dapat bekerja dengan sempurna. Dengan kata lain, untuk dapat merancang sebuah sistem interaksi manusia dan komputer yang sempurna maka perancang tidak saja harus mengetahui aspek teknis dari sistem komputer tersebut, tetapi juga harus mengerti bagaimana manusia mengolah informasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #757575; font-family: Georgia, Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 15px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Paradigma&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah Sistem interaktif yang berhasil/sukses pada umumnya diyakini akan meningkatkan dayaguna (usability) dari system tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Prinsip&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;adalah Interaksi efektif dari berbagai aspek pengetahuan psikologi, komputasi dan sosiologi mengarahkan peningkatan desain dan evolusi suatu produk, yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan dayaguna sistem tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 1.5em 2em 24px; padding: 1em; quotes: none; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;JENIS-JENIS PARADIGMA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 23px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Time-Sharing&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Satu komputer yang mampu mendukung (dapatdigunakan oleh) multiple user meningkatkan keluaran (throughput) dari system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Video Display Units (VDU)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Dapat memvisualisasikan dan memanipulasi informasi yang sama dalam representasi yang berbeda mampu memvisualisasikan abstraksi data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Programming Toolkits (Alat Bantu Pemrograman)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Alat Bantu Pemrograman memungkinkan programmer meningkatkan produktivitasnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Komputer Pribadi (Personal Computing)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Mesin berukuran kecil yang powerful, yang dirancang untuk user tunggal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sistem Window dan interface WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Sistem window memungkinkan user untuk berdialog / berinteraksi dengan komputer dalam beberapa aktivitas/topik yang berbeda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Metapora (Metaphor)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Metapora telah cukup sukses digunakan untuk mengajari konsep baru, dimana konsep tersebut telah dipahami sebelumnya. Contoh metapora (dalam domain PC) : Spreadsheeet adalah metapora dari Accounting dan Financial Modelling Keyboard adalah metapora dari Mesin Tik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manipulasi Langsung (Direct Manipulation)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Manipulasi Langsung memungkinkan user untuk mengubah keadaan internal sistem dengan cepat. Contoh Direct Manipulation adalah konsep WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Bahasa vs. Aksi (Language versus Action)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Bahasa digunakan oleh user untuk berkomunikasi dengan interface aksi dilakukan interface untuk melaksanakan perintah user.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Hypertext&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Penyimpanan informasi dalam format linear tidak banyak mendukung pengaksesan infor-masi secara random dan browsing asosiatif. Hypertext merupakan metode penyimpanan informasi dalam format non-linear yang memungkinkan akses atau browsing secara nonlinear atau random.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Multi-Modality&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Sistem multi-modal interaktif adalah sistem yang tergantung pada penggunaan beberapa (multiple) saluan (channel) komunikasi padan manusia. Contoh channel komunikasi pada manusia : visual (mata), haptic atau peraba (kulit), audio (telinga).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #222222; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Perkembangan jaringan computer memungkinkan komunikasi antara beberapa mesin (personal komputer) yang terpisah dalam satu kesatuan grup. Sistem CSCW dirancang untuk memungkin-kan interaksi antar manusia melalui komputer dan direpresentasikan dalam satu produk. Contoh CSCW: e-mail (electronic mail).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #f3fdfe;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; height: 517px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; width: 873px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 6px 12px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; width=&quot;236&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kecakapan manusia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 6px 12px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; width=&quot;273&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: center; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kecakapan komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 6px 12px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; width=&quot;236&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Estimasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Intuisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kreatifitas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Adaptasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kesadaran serempak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengolahan abnormal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Memori asosiatif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengambilan keputusan non deterministik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengenalan pola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengetahuan dunia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kesalahan manusiawi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 6px 12px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; width=&quot;273&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kalkulasi akurat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Deduksi logika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Aktifitas perulangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Konsistensi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Multitasking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengolahan rutin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Penyimpanan dan pemanggilan kembali data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengambilan keputusan deterministik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengolahan data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengetahuan domain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;·&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Bebas dari kesalahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Informasi pada manusia diterima dan direspon melalui sejumlah saluran input output di bawah ini:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 11.5px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Saluran penglihatan (visual channel)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Saluran pendengaran (auditory channel)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Saluran peraba (heptic channel)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pergerakan (movement)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;hr style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-align: start; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;Manusia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;–&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;The Human&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ez-toc-section&quot; id=&quot;Manusia_The_Human&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 11.5px; margin-top: 0px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Terbatas dalam kapasitas memproses informasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Informasi pada manusia&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;• Diterima dan direspon melalui saluran (channel) input/output.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;• Disimpan di memori.&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;&quot; /&gt;• Diproses dan diaplikasikan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background-color: white; border-left: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; margin: 42px 0px 38px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #4c4cff; font-family: &amp;quot;Roboto Condensed&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 40px; margin-bottom: 24px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;
PRINSIP PENDAYAGUNAAN&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Learnability&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Kemudahan yang memungkin-kan user baru berinteraksi secara efektif dan dapat mencapai performance yang maksimal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Flexibility&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Menyediakan banyak cara bagi user dan sistem untuk bertukar informasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Robustness&lt;/b&gt;: Tingkat dukungan yang diberi-kan agar user dapat menentukan keberhasilannya atau tujuan (goal) yang diinginkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background-color: white; border-left: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; margin: 42px 0px 38px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #4c4cff; font-style: italic; line-height: 40px; margin-bottom: 24px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ATRIBUT DARI DAYAGUNA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Efektif (lengkap).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Learnabilitas (mudah dipelajari).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Efisien.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memorabilitas (mudah diingat).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tingkat eror kecil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kepuasan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: -18px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;
sumber :&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gurupendidikan.co.id/interaksi-manusia-komputer/&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; color: #37afc0; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;https://www.gurupendidikan.co.id/interaksi-manusia-komputer/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.it-jurnal.com/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer-imk/&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; color: #37afc0; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;https://www.it-jurnal.com/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer-imk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ekafii.blogspot.com/2020/03/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html&quot;&gt;http://ekafii.blogspot.com/2020/03/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/6444838868535251596/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/03/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6444838868535251596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/6444838868535251596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/03/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html' title='INTERAKSI MANUSIA DAN KOMPUTER'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-5413964267703333563</id><published>2020-01-12T08:42:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2020-01-12T08:42:12.768-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko &quot;TUGAS 4&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; line-height: 22.8267px;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt; line-height: 22.8267px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;&quot;&gt;#MINGGU KE 11, 12, 13 DAN 14&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;&quot;&gt;MUHAMMAD IKBAR FADHILAH&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Risiko&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Apa itu risiko ? Risiko adalah suatu kejadian yang belum pasti terjadi.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Contoh :&lt;/div&gt;
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Risiko kebakaran berpotensi terjadi di lingkungan sebuah proyek. Apabila terjadi, maka akan berdampak pada jiwa, lingkungan, aset, keberlangsungan proyek, dan lain sebagainya.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kegiatan mengelola risiko&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Melakukan identifikasi berbagai risiko yang mungkin akan timbul.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengikuti perkembangan risiko yang telah diidentifikasi.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Memonitor risikok yang masih ada.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengidentifikasi risiko tambahan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menjalankan rencana respon (tindakan) terhadap risiko (risk response) apabila risiko terjadi.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengevaluasi efektivitas respon terhadap risiko sepanjang siklus hidup proyek.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sasaran manajemen risiko&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen memungkinkan terjadinya risiko dengan melakukan langkah – langkah mitigasi.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengkaji dan menghitung dampak apabila risiko tidak dapat dihindari.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menekan dampak risiko.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menunjuk penanggung jawab atau risk owner dari masing – masing jenis risiko.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Risiko – Risiko Proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Bidang Risiko adalah suatu bidang khusus yang harus diperhatikan pada waktu menutup kontrak proyek.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Oleh karena itu, perlu digariskan batas yang jelas antara risiko yang menjadi tanggung jawab sang pemberi tugas dan yang ditanggung oleh pelaksana proyek.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Jika sifat resikonya tidak diketahui benar oleh kedua belah pihak&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Akan terjadi :&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menghilangnya perincian – perincian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kecelakaan personalia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kecurangan – kecurangan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Timbulnya pertikaian antara kedua belah pihak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Akibat – akibat pertikaian yang terjadi di tempat lain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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Daftar Pustaka :&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Super Project Manager. Oleh Dana Persada Mulyoto, MBA, PMP dan Sartika Kurniali, S.Kom., MMSI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Proyek Oleh A. Koolma dan C.J.M. van de Schoot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Pengadaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tugas dari manajemen pengadaan adalah:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menyediakan input (barang dan jasa) yang dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan produksi maupun kegiatan lain dalam perusahaan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menyediakan jasa (transportasi dan pergudangan, jasa konsultasi dan sebagainya)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mendapatkan barang-barang (merchandise) yang akan dijual (resale), biasanya pada perusahaan ritel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Bagian Pengadaan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Klasifikasi bagian pengadaan secara umum:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Bahan baku dan komponen untuk kebutuhan produksi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Capital equipment (mesin dan peralatan jangka panjang lainnya)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) supplies, seperti suku cadang mesin dan sebagainya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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Banyak sekali produk atau perangkat (bahan jasa) yang diperlukaan oleh sebuah proyek agar dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Mulai dari perangkat proyek sendiri seperti kertas, komputer, aplikasi, alat-alat kantor, bensin/transpotasi, akomodasi dan lain-lain. Hinga material atau bahan yang diperlukaan untuk menciptakaan output yang dihasilakan: misalnya kabel, router, switch, komputer server, telecommunication provider, komputer dan modem untuk membangun sebuah jaringan .&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; clear: both; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Istilah Bagian Pengadaan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Purchasing Management&amp;nbsp; → Supply Management&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;National Association of Purchasing Management (NAPM) → Institute for Supply Management (ISM)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;International Federation of Puchasing and Materials Management (IFPMM) → International Federation of Purchasing and Supply Management (IFPSM)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Daftar Pustaka&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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K.C. Chan, Peter Ong, &amp;amp; R. Eko Indrajit. Integrated Project Management. Yogyakarta : ANDI; 2004&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://journeyofanextraordinary.blogspot.com/2020/01/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-4.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://journeyofanextraordinary.blogspot.com/2020/01/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-4.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arishima-system.blogspot.com/2018/11/softskill-11-manajemen-pengadaan.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://arishima-system.blogspot.com/2018/11/softskill-11-manajemen-pengadaan.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/5413964267703333563/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/01/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-4.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5413964267703333563'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/5413964267703333563'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2020/01/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-4.html' title='Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko &quot;TUGAS 4&quot;'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-4774712851312542572</id><published>2019-12-01T02:05:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2019-12-01T02:05:37.946-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko &quot;TUGAS 3&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;#MINGGU KE 7, 8, 9 DAN 10&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;MUHAMMAD IKBAR FADHILAH&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manajemen Biaya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dalam menjalankan sebuah proyek, pastinya memerlukan estimasi biaya yang jelas
dan terstruktur. Tujuannya agar kedepannya jika ada sesuatu yang tidak
diinginkan terjadi, bisa diperbaiki dengan manajemen biaya yang ada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manajemen Biaya meliputi proses-proses yang diperlukan untuk menjamin agar
proses estimasi biaya peraktivitas dapat diperoleh secara realistis, dan
anggaran biaya total yang telah disetujui cukup untuk menyelesaikan semua
pekerjaan dalam lingkup proyek.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Membuat estimasi biaya per aktvitas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Menyusun anggaran biaya total (Budget At
Completion/BAC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Mengawasi besarmya biaya yang dikeluarkan
apakah sesuai anggaran (Cost variance dan Cost&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Perfomance Index)
dan membandingkan rencana pencapaian pekerjaan (ScheduleVariance dan Schedule
Perfomance Index)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;NET PRESENT VALUE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Metode untuk menghitung nilai ekuivalen saat ini, bagi suatu perkiraan
pendapatan di&amp;nbsp; masa depan. Apabila NPV bernilai positif dapat dikatakan
proyek dikatakan layak untuk dilaksanakkan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; Metode untuk menyiapkan,menganalisis, dan memastikan arus kas
pengeluaran dan pemasukansuatu proyek sehingga proyek secara keseluruhan
berjalan lancer&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;BIAYA LANGSUNG&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Biaya yang terkait langsung dengan suatu proyek misalnya gaji
anggota proyek, pembelian barang, dll.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Umumnya komponen biaya langsung dicantumkan
dalam rencana anggaran proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;LIFE CYCLE COSTING&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimasi total biaya selama masa pemanfaatan
sebuah produk/proye.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ex : Biaya pembelian, biaya pemeliharaan, dll&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
PROSES UTAMA MANAJEMEN BIAYA PROYEK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Membuat estimasi biaya per aktivitas,
penjadwalan proyek, millestone, dan juga infromasi risiko serta ekspektasi
mutu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Menganalisa proyek dengan teknik estimasi biaya
dengan estimasi waktu, karena dua hal tersebut sangat berhubungan. Teknik yang
dapat digunakan antara lain memakai data terlebih dahulu, data publikasi dari
asosiasi, parametric, PERT, Analisis Buttom-up, dll.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Untuk mendapatkan akurasi yang optimal,
dibutuhkan estimasi biaya untuk semua aktivitas dalam suatu proyek terutama
biaya langsung proyek. Dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan penjumlahan yang akan
menghasilkan total anggaran sebagai basis pelaksanakkan proyek.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ciri timing dan akurasi estimasi biaya :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimasi Pendahuluan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimasi Anggaran&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Estimasi Definitif&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dalam memastikan anggaran total suatu proyek
pengelola proyek juga perlu mininjau isi kontrak, ruang lingkup pekerjaan,
asumsi, dan dasar estimasi setiap aktivitas, dll. Serta kebijakan dan peraturan
perusahaan terkait masalah anggara dan manajemen biaya termasuk kebijakan
cadangan proyek.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Semua hal yang relevan dengan aspek pengendalian
anggaran diperlukan suatu Proses Cost Control (Pengendalian Anggaran)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Metode utama yang digunakan dalam pengendalian
biaya adalah Earned Value Management (EVM)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Sumber :&lt;br /&gt;
Dana Prasada Mulyoto,MBA,PMP. Sartika Kurniali,S.Kom.,MMSI;Super Project
Management, Jakarta 2013,PT Elex Media Komputindo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manajemen Kualitas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Kualitas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kata ‘kualitas’ memiliki berbagai artian yang berlainan. Goetsch dan Davis
(1994) mengemukakan konsep holistik mengenai kualitas sebagai kondisi dinamis
yang berhubungan dengan produk, jasa, manusia, proses, dan lingkungan yang
memenuhi atau melebihi harapan pengguna produk atau jasa.&lt;br /&gt;
Menurut Tjiptono dan Diana (1996), ada tiga tahap perkembangan konsep kualitas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&amp;nbsp;Era Craftsmanship&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seorang tukang ahli (Craftsman) dapat diartikan sebagai seorang yang sangat
terampil mengerjakan semua tugas yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan produk atau
jasa yang berkualitas. Termasuk dalam hal peranan pimpinan, petugas
operasional, dan pengendali kualitas. Pendekatan ini mulai ditinggal seiring
dengan berkembangnya studi waktu dan perlunya pemisahan antara perencanaan
dengan implementasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Pendekatan Taylor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dengan adanya pembagian tugas, manajemen diberi tanggung jawab perencanaan,
bagian operasi ditangani oleh tenaga kerja atau buruh, dan untuk menjaga
kualitas maka dibentuklah departemen kualitas secara terpisah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Total Quality Management (TQM)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Konsep TQM dikemukakan pertama kali oleh Nancy Warren, seorang ilmuwan tingkah
laku dari Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Istilah ini mengandung makna every
process, every job dan every aspect (Goetsch dan Davis, 1994). TQM didefuniskan
sebagai pendekatan dalam menjalankan usaha yang berupaya memaksimalkan daya
saing melalui penyempurnaan secara terus menerus atas produk, jasa, manusia,
proses, dan lingkungan organisasi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;ISO 9000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ISO 9000 adalah sebuah standar dalam manajemen
kualitas yang dibentuk berdasarkan konvensi ISO/TC 176 pada 1979. ISO 9000
dibentuk sebagai dasar dari suatu standar dalam manajemen kualitas, yang
disusun secara lengkap pada 1982 dan diperkenalkan secara umum pada 1983.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ISO 9000 memperkenalkan persyaratan penting yang
dibutuhkan perusahaan untuk menjamin konsistensi produksi dan pengiriman yang
tepat waktu terhadap barang dan jasa pada pasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ISO 9000 merupakan standar manajemen mutu dan
bukan standar produk, sehingga perusahaan yang mempunyai sertifikat ISO 9000
tidak dapat mengiklankan produknya yang sudah memenuhi standar internasional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;ISO 9000 akan diulas dan direvisi setiap 6
tahun. ISO 9000-2000 adalah yang terbaru.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mutu (Kualitas) dalam kerangka ISO 9000
didefinisikan sebagai ciri dan karakter menyeluruh dari suatu produk atau jasa
yang memengaruhi kemampuan produk tersebut untuk memuaskan kebutuhan tertentu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Definisi ini menekankan pada kepuasan pelanggan
atau pemakai produk. Misalnya dari segi desain, kepuasan diukur dari estetika,
pemenuhan fungsi, keawetan bahan, keamanan, dan ketepatan waktu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Manajemen mutu adalah aspek-aspek dari fungsi
manajemen keseluruhan yang menetapkan dan menjalankan kebijakan mutu suatu
organisasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Untuk mencukupkan kebutuhan pelanggan dan
ketepatan waktu dengan anggaran yang hemat dan ekonomis, manajer proyek harus
mengadakan pelatihan manajemen kualitas. Hal-hal yang menyangkut kualitas
adalah: Produk/pelayanan/proses pelaksanaan, dan Proses manajemen proyek itu
sendiri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manajemen kualitas proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ada dua model yang sukses diterapkan dalam pelatihan konsultan konstruksi dalam
meningkatkan kinerja dari manajemen proyek, yaitu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Continuous Quality Management Model&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Model ini digunakan sebuah perusahaan untuk meningkatkan bisnis mereka. Hal ini
merupakan cara hidup dari semua organisasi yang ingin mencapai posisi yang
kompetitif dalam arus industralisasi yang cepat.&lt;br /&gt;
Model ini sering ditemukan di perusahaan yang bersifat customer-driven.
Termasuk Levi Strauss, Motorola, dan Xerox. Perusahaan yang sudah memenangkan
penghargaan Malcolm Baldrige Award -Penghargaan yang mengakui kualitas
manajemen yang patut dicontoh- juga termasuk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Process Quality Management Model&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Model ini digunakan untuk menghubungkan faktor kesuksesan yang kritis dalam
proses bisnis. Model ini membangun dasar fondasi untuk meneruskan mengadakan
suatu analisis terhadap langkah-langkah dan proses dalam meningkatkan dan
memanfaatkan kesempatan yang ada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Syarat Penggunaan dalam Manajemen Kualitas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ada 3 proses dalam manajemen kualitas proyek, Yaitu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Inspeksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Suatu proses mengukur kegiatan proses konstruksi
untuk memeriksa apakah standar spesifikasi telah dicapai.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Quality Control&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Teknik dan aktivitas operasi yang digunakan agar mutu tertentu yang dikehendaki
dapat dicapai. Aktivitasnya mencakup monitoriing, menghilangkan masalah yang
diketahui, mengurangi penyimpangan, dan usaha-usaha untuk mencapai efektivitas
ekonomi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Quality Assurance&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seluruh tindakan yang sistematis dan terencana yang diperlukan agar terjadi
kepastian dan kepercayaan terhadap mutu produk atau jasa yang diberikan.
Aktivitasnya mencakup kegiatan proses –baik internal maupun eksternal-,
termasuk merumuskan kebutuhan pelanggan&lt;br /&gt;
Quality Assurance mengevaluasi biaya dari proyek secara menyeluruh dan teratur
untuk menetapkan anggaran yang keluar relevan dan sesuai dengan standar
kualitas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Six Sigma&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Six Sigma dapat didefinisikan sebagai strategi
perbaikan kinerja bisnis dalam hal peningkatan profitabilitas dengan cara
membuang hal-hal yang tidak diperlukan, mereduksi biaya, dan meningkatkan
efisiensi maupun efektivitas di berbagai kegiatan operasional yang dapat
memenuhi bahkan melebihi kebutuhan dan harapan pelanggan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Motorola merupakan perusahaan pertama di Amerika
yang menerapkan konsep Six Sigma pada tahun 1987. Konsep inilah yang membawa
mereka pada perolehan penghargaan Malcolm Baldrige National Award pada tahun
1988.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six sigma dan Manajemen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Six Sigma dalam hal manajemen digunakan sebagai
sebuah panduan dasar dan sebuah pendekatan yang dipakai oleh para profesional
dalam mengelola proyek-proyek inovasi (Chan and Macbeth, 2001)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six sigma dan Statistic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Six Sigma dalam bahasa statistik berarti
terjadinya 3.4 DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities) atau hampir sama sekali
tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam menciptakan keluaran dari sebuah proses produksi
(selalu memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sigma sendiri merepresentasikan kisaran variasi
(simpangan) dari rata-rata keluaran pada sebuah proses&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kualitas Biaya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Prinsip bahwa mutu harus direncanakan agar tidak menimbulkan kekecewaan di
kemudian hari dan tidak berdampak buruk terhadap biaya dan reputasi proyek
dalam jangka panjang. Proses pelaksanaan yang buruk dan beresiko negatif.
Akibatnya, biaya perawatan dan pencegahan akan menjadi mahal. Ini adalah salah
satu contoh dari kualitas biaya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Penggunaan Software dalam Project Quality Management&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dengan majunya perkembangan teknologi informasi,
pengerjaan Project Quality Management dapat terbantu dengan adanya software
seperti : Primavera, Artemis, maupun Microsoft Project. Dalam mempermudah
pengerjaan Project Quality Management akan diperlihatkan contoh-contoh
perencanaan dan pelaksanaan proyek.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Referensi:&lt;br /&gt;
K.C. Chan, Peter Ong, R, Eko Indrajit. 2004 INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENT.
Yogyakarta : Penerbit ANDI.&lt;br /&gt;
Drs. H. A. Hamdan Dimyati M.Si., Kadar Nurjaman S.E. M.M. 2014 MANAJEMEN
PROYEK. Bandung : CV Pustaka Setia.&lt;br /&gt;
Dana Persada Mulyono, MBA, PMP., Sartika Kurniali, S.Kom. MMSI 2013 SUPER
PROJECT MANAGER. Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo.&lt;br /&gt;
Wysocki, Robert K., Robert Beck,jr, and David B. Crane. 2000. Effective Project
Management Second Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons. (ISBN
0-471-36028-7)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manajemen Sumber Daya&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Manajemen Sumber Daya adalah proses mengorganisasikan
dan mengelola atau menempatkan orang-orang yang terlibat dalam proyek, sehingga
orang tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan potensinya secara efektif dan efisien. Ini
mencakup semua proyek stakeholder - sponsor,&amp;nbsp; pelanggan, mitra,
kontributor individu, dan lain-lain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Proses Dalam Manajem SDM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Perencanaan SDM&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Perekrutan Anggota/Tim&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Pengembangan Kerja Tim
Proyek&lt;br /&gt;
4.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Pengelolaan Tim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Hal-Hal Yang Harus Deketahui Dalam Pengelola Proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Pemantauan terkait tahap
perkembangan tim proyek&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Pengelola proyek harus paham
alternatif manajemen konflik&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Pengelola proyek harus
menyegarkan diri dengan berbagai teori organisasi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pemantauan Terkait Tahap Perkembangan Tim Proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Farming (tahap pembentukan
tim)&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Storming (tahap mulai kerja
dan menyesuaikan pola kerja, latar belakang, dan lain-lain)&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Norming (tahap dimana tim
mulai kompak)&lt;br /&gt;
4.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Performing (tim dapat bekerja
dengan solid)&lt;br /&gt;
5.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Adjouring (fase pembubaran
tim)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pengelola Proyek Harus Paham Alternatif Manajemen Konflik&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Forcing (memaksakan
kehendak)&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Withdrawing/avoiding
(menghindari konflik)&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Smoothing/accomodating (fokus
pada hal-hal yg disepakati ketimbang hal yg tidak sesuai)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pengelola Proyek Harus Menyegarkan Diri Dengan Berbagai Teori Organisasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Teori Maslow&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Teori dua faktor/hygiene
Theory dari Herzberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manajemen Sumber Daya sangatlah penting dalam manajemen proyek. SDM yang
memadai akan membantu dalam pelaksanaan proyek.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Referensi:&lt;br /&gt;
Suprapto, Tommy, 2009, Pengantar Teori&amp;amp; Manajemen Komunikasi, Jakarta:
Media Pressindo&lt;br /&gt;
Kurniali, Sartika, 2013, Super Project Manager, Jakarta: elex media komputindo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manajemen Komunikasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Proses komunikasi adalah setiap langkah mulai
dari saat menciptakan informasi sampai dipahami oleh komunikan. Komunikasi
adalah sebuah proses, sebuah kegiatan yang berlangsung kontinu. Joseph De Vito
(1996) mengemukakan komunikasi adalah transaksi. Maksudnya setiap hal dari
komunikasi itu saling terkait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Dalam aplikasinya langkah langkah proses komunikasi adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Langkah pertama ide/gagasan
diciptakan oleh sumber/komunikator.&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Langkah kedua adalah ide yang
diciptakan tersebut kemudian dialih bentukan menjadi lambang lambang komunikasi
yang mempunyai makna dan dapat dikirimkan.&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Langkah ketiga, pesan yang telah
di encoding tersebut selanjutnya dikirimkan melalui saluran/media yang sesuai
dengan karakteristik komunikasi ditujukan kepada komunikan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Rencana Komunikasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tujuan atau rencana komunikasi adalah menghibur, memberikan informasi, dan mendidik.
Dengan tujuan tersebut berdampak pula pada peningkatan pengetahuan (kognitif),
membangun kesadaran (sikap), dan mengubah perilaku (psikomotorik) seseorang
atau masyarakat dalam suatu proses komunikasi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Isi Rencana Manajemen Komunikasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Proses utama dalam kegiatan perencanaan dan pembuatan Project Management
Plan adalah :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Informasi, termasuk format,
isi dan level detail&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Siapa penerima dan pembuat
informasi&lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Perencanaan sumber daya
manusia&lt;br /&gt;
4.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Metode/ teknologi untuk
menghasilkan informasi&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Distribusi Komunikasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah melakukan perencanaan komunikasi, hasil yang diperoleh adalah rencana
manajemen komunikasi. Langkah selanjutnya adalah pendistribusian informasi.
Dalam melakukan pendistribusian informasi dibutuhkan input berupa perencanaan
manajemen komunikasi dengan menggunakan alat dan teknik berupa kemampuan
komunikasi, metode distribusi informasi, proses pembelajaran, serta sistem
informasi. Hasil atau output dari proses distribusi informasi ini adalah proses
atau alur komunikasi dari organisasi proyek dan perubahan permintaan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Bentuk distribusi komunikasi pada proyek ada beberapa macam antara lain
adalah :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Rapat-rapat (meetings).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Distribusi dokumen berupa hardcopy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Distribusi data melalui media elektronik seperti
electronic mail/E-mail, mesin fax, dan lain-lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pelaporan Performance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Informasi yang terkandung didalamnya, antara lain :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Status reports, yang berisi tentang sejauh mana
proyek sudah berjalan dalam kerangka ruang lingkup, waktu dan biaya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Progres reports menggambarkan sejauh mana tim
proyek sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaannya.&amp;nbsp; Biasanya berupa laporan rutin.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mengadakan evaluasi akhir proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mengkaji apakah metodologi manajemen perlu
diperbaiki&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mode Penanganan Konflik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Action : tindakan langsung&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Secure understanding : memberikan pengertian
atas suatu inovasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Motivate action : memotivasi agar melukan
tindakan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Forcing: pendekatan win-lose&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Withdrawal: menghindari potensi pertentangan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;\&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Komunikasi sangat penting dilakukan antar pelaku
manajemen proyek perusahaan maupun dengan investor dan pekerja. Agar proses
proyek dapat terus terpantau, entah itu dari segi perkembangan maupun biaya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Referensi:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suprapto, Tommy. 2009. Pengantar Teori &amp;amp; Manajemen Komunikasi. Jakarta :
Media Pressindo.&lt;br /&gt;
Kurniali, Sartika. 2013. Super Project Manager. Jakarta : elex media
komputindo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/4774712851312542572/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-3.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/4774712851312542572'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/4774712851312542572'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko-tugas-3.html' title='Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko &quot;TUGAS 3&quot;'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-2666169157151848492</id><published>2019-10-25T23:52:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2019-10-25T23:52:58.975-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko </title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name headline&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot; id=&quot;post-body-4217576230137169515&quot; itemprop=&quot;description articleBody&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 556px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;M4,M5,M6&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Minggu ke-4 -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Project Integration Management (Manajemen Integrasi)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kunci sukses keseluruhan proyek : Project Integration Management yang baik&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajer proyek harus mampu mengintegrasikan seluruh knowledge area selama project life cycle berlangsung&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen integrasi proyek, bukanlah integrasi perangkat lunak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen integrasi proyek: termasuk Interface&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Management (identifikasi dan manajemen poin-poin interaksi antar elemen-elemen dalam proyek&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Proses dan overview Project Integration Management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; Sembilan proses project integration management dapat menjelaskan bidang ilmu dan berbagai pengalaman praktis di manajemen proyek, dari sudut pandang komponen-komponen prosesnya. Proses-proses tersebut diorganisasikan menjadi delapan bidang ilmu yang akan dijelaskan dibawah ini:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Lingkup Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan, agar dapat dipastikan bahwa proyek telah mencakup seluruh pekerjaan yang benar-benar dibutuhkan, agar proyek berhasil diselesaikan. Terdiri dari persiapan, perencanaan lingkup, penetapan lingkup, verifikasi dan pengendalian perubahan lingkup&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Waktu Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan agar dapat dipastikan proyek selesai tepat waktu. Terdiri dari penetapan aktifitas, pengurutan aktifitas, perkiraan lama aktifitas, serta penyusunan dan pengendalian jadwal&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Biaya Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan agar dapat dipastikan proyek selesai, sesuai dengan anggaran yang disetujui. Terdiri dari perencanaan sumber daya, perkiraan biaya, anggaran biaya dan pengendalian biaya&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan untuk menggunakan sumber daya manusia yang terlibat dalam proyek, secara paling efektif. Terdiri dari perencanaan organisasi, perekrutan staff dan pembangunan tim kerja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Komunikasi Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan untuk dapat dipastikan agar informasi proyek dapat dikumpulkan, disusun, disebar, dan disimpan. Terdiri dari perencanaan komunikasi, distribusi informasi, pelaporan kinerja,dan penyelesaian administratif&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Resiko Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan pengidentifikasian resiko, kuantifikasi resiko, penyusunan penanggulangan resiko dan pengendalian penanggulangan resiko&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Pengadaan Proyek, menjelaskan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan barang atau jasa dari pihak lain. Terdiri dari perencanaan pengadaan, perencanaan tata cara undangan ke peserta, rapat undangan peserta, pemilihan peserta, pemilihan mitra, pelaporan serta administrasi kontrak kerja dan penyelesaian kontrak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen Integrasi Proyek, menjelaskan berbagai proses yang dibutuhkan, agar dapat dipastikan, berbagai elemen dari proyek dikoordinasikan dengan baik. Manajemen integrasi terdiri dari pembuatan rencana proyek, pelaksanaan rencana proyek dan pengendalian perubahaan secara keseluruhan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kerangka kerja integrasi manajemen proyek, pengembangan, atribut, dan elemen umum dari sebuah rencana proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Berpikir tentang proyek, sama artinya dengan menuangkan gagasan-gagasan dalam sebuah kerangka konsep. Semakin matang konseptualisasi sebuah proyek, semakin mudah perencana proyek merunut semua aktivitas yang berjalan dalam rentang waktu pelaksanaan proyek hingga titik pencapaian tujuan. Berawal dari tahap inilah, suatu proyek diperkirakan kelayakannya. Selanjutnya konsepsi dituangkan dalam sebuah perencanaan yang biasanya berbentuk proposal&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Bersamaan dengan terbitnya gagasan, penyusunan konsep dan proposal, kerangka kerja manajemen proyek mulai dilaksanakan. Di dalam kerangka kerja, lebih dulu disepakati terminologi dan pandangan terhadap proyek yang akan dilakukan. Sedemikian rupa harus dipahami tentang konteks penerapan proyek, gambaran jelas tentang lingkungan proyek yang akan direncanakan, dan cara memahami berbagai proses interaksi yang secara umum terjadi dalam manajemen proyek&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Manajemen proyek dalam hal ini berarti penerapan pengetahuuan, ketrampilan, sarana dan teknik untuk menjalani segala aktivitas yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelaksanaan proyek. Ruang lingkup pengetahuan tentang manajemen proyek (project management knowledge) meliputi:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen integrasi proyek, terdiri dari: pengembangan perencanaan proyek, pelaksanaan proyek dan kontrol terhadap perubahan secara terpadu. Ini dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa seluruh elemen proyek terkoordinasi dengan baik&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen ruang lingkup proyek: dimulai pada saat proyek ditetapkan lalu tahap perencanaan, perumusan proyek, verifikasi proyek hingga pengawasan, sehingga dipastikan pekerjaan yang dilakukan benar-benar sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan syarat keberhasilan proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen waktu: mulai dari merumuskan aktivitas-aktivitas, tahapan aktivitas, perkiraan waktu yang dibutuhkan, penyusunan jadwal hingga kontrol kerja. Manajemen waktu penting dalam memperkirakan berapa panjang waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan suatu proyek sehingga dijamin selesai pada waktunya&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen biaya: meliputi perencanaan sumber daya, perkiraan besarnya biaya, penganggaran hingga kontrol pembelanjaan. Hal ini penting, terutama untuk pengajuan dana proyek kepada donor sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya proyek dipastikan selesai sesuai dengan biaya yang telah dianggarkan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen mutu: dimulai dari perencanaan mutu, jaminan dan kontrol, penetapan standar yang ingin dicapai suatu proyek penting sehingga mendapatkan hasil yang memuaskan bagi pelaksana proyek maupun pihak-pihak lain (stakeholder)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM): mulai dari perencanaan organisasi, persiapan staf dan persiapan tim karena sebuah tim pelaksana proyek harus terdiri atas manusia-manusia yang memiliki kemampuan, dedikasi dan integritas. Manajemen SDM ini penting untuk menyusun komposisi SDM yang efektif bagi pelaksanaan proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen komunikasi proyek, terdiri atas: perencanaan komunikasi, sistem penyebaran informasi, pelaporan kinerja dan aspek administratif lain, ini untuk memastikan informasi seputar pelaksanaan proyek dapat dikelola dengan baik&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen resiko, mulai dari identifikasi resiko, perencanaan manajemen resiko, analisa kualitatif dan kuantitatif resiko, perencanaan respon, monitoring dan kontrol resiko yang mungkin muncul (butir ini paling jarang dipersiapkan oleh sebagian besar pelaksana proyek, sehingga ketika muncul krisis tidak mampu menanggapi dengan cepat dan tepat). Proses ini erat kaitannya dengan identifikasi, analisis dan respon terhadap resiko yang muncul&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen pengadaan, mulai dari perencanaan pengadaan, perencanaan kebutuhan sumber daya hingga segala ur mulai dari perencanaan pengadaan, perencanaan kebutuhan sumber daya hingga segala urusan administrasi kontrak-kontrak, bagian ini tampaknya sepele, tapi menjadi penting ketika ditemukan bahwa pelaksana proyek perlu bantuan dari pihak luar atau pihak lain, misalnya dari donor, mitra kerja ataupun dari pemerintah&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZV4mlYeaFE36l_1K9uixzPmYYPcItF0cPIvmellNWl6F4oZFDqKlEPMW_tsUI2Ell8dQdlemEK9sVM2Pcdq4378II6_eclqDF0BOxhlKwxba-C7UhIQgVzkMLpq6Bih-Q3QsFsbx6z_k/s1600/Contoh+Outline+SPMP.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0099cb; font: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;362&quot; data-original-width=&quot;478&quot; height=&quot;242&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZV4mlYeaFE36l_1K9uixzPmYYPcItF0cPIvmellNWl6F4oZFDqKlEPMW_tsUI2Ell8dQdlemEK9sVM2Pcdq4378II6_eclqDF0BOxhlKwxba-C7UhIQgVzkMLpq6Bih-Q3QsFsbx6z_k/s320/Contoh+Outline+SPMP.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 92%; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Dokumen stakeholder analisis merupakan dokumen yang penting (dan sensitif), karena memberikan informasi mengenai stakeholder berkaitan dengan:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Nama dan organisasi stakeholder&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Peranannya dalam proyek&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fakta-fakta unik mengenai stakeholder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Level keterlibatannya, dan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ketertarikannya akan proyek saran-saran untuk menjaga relasi dengan stakeholde&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGgFhaw3VLzNRFinjTd4LHLscXG91_rVH1IBrCTlQA_reqlk3X4t3S755Ag7z3kS5o5hJbB9Wqh0vtdHMEBXd1iiZxbdokC_lv5GPFp06pNQn50jDpp-hiCQYRf1_tZjONuZ-zdDva3k8/s1600/CO+stakeholder.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #0099cb; font: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;350&quot; data-original-width=&quot;450&quot; height=&quot;248&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGgFhaw3VLzNRFinjTd4LHLscXG91_rVH1IBrCTlQA_reqlk3X4t3S755Ag7z3kS5o5hJbB9Wqh0vtdHMEBXd1iiZxbdokC_lv5GPFp06pNQn50jDpp-hiCQYRf1_tZjONuZ-zdDva3k8/s320/CO+stakeholder.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; font: inherit; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 92%; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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- Mengelola eksekusi proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Eksekusi Proyek adalah tahap melaksanakan pekerjaan yang telah digambarkan dalam project plan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mayoritas waktu dan uang digunakan dalam eksekusi proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Area aplikasi proyek sangat mempengaruhi eksekusi proyek, karena selama eksekusi proyek inilah produk dari proyek dihasilkan&lt;/li&gt;
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- Keterampilan penting dalam eksekusi proyek:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kepemimpinan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Komunikasi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Politik&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan menggunakan tools dan techniques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
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- Work Authorization System: menjamin orang yang memiliki kualifikasi yang cukup, melakukan pekerjaan yang tepat, pada waktu yang tepat dan dengan urutan yanag benar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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- Status Review Meetings: rapat terencana dan terjadwal yang digunakan untuk saling bertukar informasi mengenai proyek yang sedang berjalan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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- Project Management Software: perangkat lunak khusus yang digunakan dalam manajemen proyek&lt;/div&gt;
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Alat dan teknik eksekusi proyek&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Metodologi manajemen proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Manajemen proyek sistem informasi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
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Integrated change control&lt;/div&gt;
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Termasuk di dalamnya mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi dan mengelola perubahan selama project life cycle&lt;/div&gt;
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- Tujuan utama pengendalian perubahan:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Memperhitungkan faktor-faktor yang mengakibatkan perubahan dalam rangka menjamin bahwa perubahan menguntungkan (cross check scope, time, cost &amp;amp; quality)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menentukan apakah perubahan sudah terjadi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengelola perubahan yang terjadi&lt;/li&gt;
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- Kontrol perubahan dalam proyek IT:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pandangan lama: Tim Proyek harus melakukan apa yang sudah direncanakan tepat waktu dan tepat biaya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Masalahnya: Stakeholders jarang sekali menyetujui batasan proyek di awal, serta waktu dan estimasi biaya seringkali tidak akurat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pandangan Modern: Manajemen Proyek adalah proses&amp;nbsp; komunikasi dan negosiasi yang konstan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Solusi: Perubahan seringkali memberikan keuntungan dan tim proyek harus membuat rencana untuk mengakomodasi perubahan tersebut&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
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- Sistem kontrol perubahan:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Proses yang terdokumentasi yang menggambarkan kapan dan bagaimana dokumendokumen proyek dan pekerjaannya dapat diubah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menggambarkan orang yang berwenang untuk membuat perubahan dan bagaimana cara membuat perubahan tersebut&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Seringkali melibatkan Change Control Board (CCBs),&amp;nbsp; manajemen konfigurasi dan proses untuk mengkomunikasikannya&lt;/li&gt;
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- Change control board:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kelompok formal dari orang-orang yang bertanggung} jawab untuk menyetujui atau menolak perubahan dalam proyek CCB harus memberikan panduan untuk mempersiapkan} perubahan, mengevaluasi perubahan dan mengelola implementasi perubahan yang disetujui&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Anggota CCB biasanya terdiri} atas stakeholders dari keseluruhan organisasi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Masalah yang dihadapi: CCB jarang bertemu dan} membuat keputusan akan perubahan membutuhkan waktu rapat yang panjang, padahal proyek harus terus berjalan karena dibatasi oleh waktu yang telah disepakat&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Cara menjamin bahwa deskripsi dari produk yang&amp;nbsp; dihasilkan sudah benar dan lengkap&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Berkonsentrasi pada identifikasi dan mengendalikan karakteristik produk berdasarkan fungsional dan desain fisik produk&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Spesialis manajemen konfigurasi bertugas untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendokumentasikan kebutuhan&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;konfigurasi, mengendalikan perubahan, mencatat dan melaporkan perubahan, serta audit produk-produk dalam rangka verifikasi kesesuaiannya dengan requirement&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Minggu ke-5 -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Project Scope Management (Manajemen Ruang Lingkup)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Project Scope Management adalah acuan semua pekerjaan yang termasuk harus dikerjakan dalam rangka menghasilkan produk proyek, beserta proses-proses yang dilakukan untuk membuat produk yang dimaksud. Project Scope Management atau Batasan Proyek mendefinisikan apa yang akan dikerjakan atau apa yang tidak akan dikerjakan dalam sebuah proyek.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Scope planning : menentukan bagai mana ruang lingkup akan ditentukan, diperifikasi, dan dikendalikan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Scope definition: menelaah project charter dan pernyataan ruang lingkup awal dan menambahkan informasi lebih lanjut sebagai persyaratan yang dikembangkan dan perubahan permintaan tersebut disetujui.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Membuat WBS:mengelompokkan penyampaian proyek besar menjadi lebih kecil, komponen lebih mudah ditangani.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Scope verivikasi : penerimaan mempormalkan ruang lingkup proyek.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Scope Control : Pengendalian perubahan ruang lingkup proyek.Inisialisasi Proyek : Rencana strategis dan pemilihan proyek&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Perencanaan strategis meliputi penentuan tujuan jangka panjang, memprediksi tren masa depan, dan proyeksi kebutuhan produk dan layanan baru.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Organisasi sering melakukan analisis SWOT.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Identifikasi proyek potensial.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Gunakan metode realistis untuk memilih proyek yang sedang dikerjakan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Merumuskan inialisasi proyek dengan mengeluarkan project charter.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengapa perusahaan investasi pada IT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Hal ini sering sulit untuk memberikan justifikasi yang kuat untuk berbagai proyek IT. Tetapi semua orang setuju mereka memiliki nilai tinggi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Lebih baik menghitung mas karat dari pada menghitung sen dengan tepat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kriteria yang penting untuk proyek yaitu : ada kebutuhan untuk proyek tersebut seperti dana yang tersedia cukup dan dana yang kuat akan membuat proyek tersebut berhasil.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kebanyakan organisasi mengikuti proses perencanaan dalam memilih proyek IT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Membangun Rencana strategis IT berdasarkan rencana strategis organisasi secara menyeluruh.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Analisis Area Bisnis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mendefinisikan proyek yang potensial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Memilih proyek IT dan menempatkan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan&lt;/li&gt;
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Didalam analisis dibutuhkan pertimbangan finansial yang merupakan hal terpenting dalam pemilihan proyek. Sehingga dibutuhkan metode – metode dalam melakukan pertimbangan tersebut yang terdiri dari :&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Net Present Value (NPV) analysis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Return on Investment (ROI)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Payback analysis&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Weighted Scoring Model&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Adalah tool yang dapat memberikan proses yang sistematis dalam memilih proyek berdasarkan beberapa kriteria.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Identifikasi kriteria yang penting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tentukan bobot pada setiap kriteria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tentukan score pada tiap kriteria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Kalikan score terhadap kriteria untuk memperoleh bobot total&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Makin tinggi bobot total makin baik proyek yang didapatkan.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Penerapan Balanced Scorecard&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Scorecard yang seimbang adalah perencanaan strategis dan sistem manajemen yang digunakan secara ekstensif dalam bisnis dan industri, pemerintah, dan organisasi nirlaba di seluruh dunia untuk menyelaraskan kegiatan usaha dengan visi dan strategi organisasi, meningkatkan komunikasi internal dan eksternal, dan memantau kinerja organisasi terhadap strategis tujuan.&lt;/div&gt;
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Balanced Scorecard tetap mempertahankan ukuran finansial tradisional Tapi ukuran finansial menceritakan kisah tentang peristiwa masa lalu, cerita yang memadai untuk perusahaan abad industri di mana investasi dalam kapabilitas jangka panjang dan hubungan dengan pelanggan tidak penting untuk keberhasilan.. Langkah-langkah keuangan tidak memadai, namun , untuk menuntun dan mengevaluasi perjalanan perusahaan bahwa informasi usia harus membuat untuk menciptakan nilai masa depan melalui investasi pada pelanggan, pemasok, karyawan, proses, teknologi, dan inovasi.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sebuah karya breakdown structure (WBS) adalah proses untuk menentukan akhir dan produk antara suatu proyek dan hubungan mereka. Umumnya, WBS menggunakan diagram pohon / struktur diagram untuk menunjukkan keseluruhan resolusi persyaratan menjadi semakin tingginya tingkat detail. WBS memungkinkan sebuah tim untuk mencapai persyaratan umum oleh partisi tugas besar ke dalam komponen yang lebih kecil dan berfokus pada pekerjaan yang dapat lebih mudah dilakukan.&lt;/div&gt;
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WBS menangkap semua elemen dari sebuah proyek di teratur. Meruntuhkan besar, proyek-proyek yang kompleks menjadi bagian proyek yang lebih kecil memberikan kerangka kerja yang lebih baik untuk mengatur dan mengelola proyek. WBS dapat memfasilitasi alokasi sumber daya, tugas tugas, tanggung jawab, pengukuran dan pengendalian proyek. WBS adalah yang digunakan pada awal proyek untuk menetapkan cakupan, perkiraan biaya dan mengatur jadwal GanttDalam menggunakan WBS, penting bahwa proyek tidak dipecah menjadi terlalu banyak detail seperti yang dapat mengarah pada mikro manajemen. Sebaliknya, terlalu sedikit detail dapat mengakibatkan tugas-tugas yang terlalu besar untuk mengelola secara efektif. WBS dapat disajikan dalam sebuah daftar tabel, daftar tugas yang menjorok sebagai bagian dari bagan Gantt atau dalam pohon hirarki. Lebih sering WBS terdaftar dalam hirarki pohon yang menangkap kiriman dan tugas-tugas yang diperlukan untuk mencapai penyelesaian proyek.&lt;/div&gt;
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Melibatkan persetujuan formal dari project scope yang diselesaikan oleh stakeholders. Persetujaun ini sering dicapai dengan melakukan penyelidikan pada pelangaran. Untuk menerima persetujuan formal dari project scope, tim proyek harus membuat dokumentasi yang jelas dari produk proyek dan prosedur untuk menevaluasi jika proyek sudah diselesaikan dengan benar dan menimbulkan kepuasan. Untuk mengurangi perubahan scope, sangat perlu dilakukan pekerjaan yang dapat memastikan project scope.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Scope Control&lt;/li&gt;
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Scope Contro melibatkan peraturan perubahan untuk project scope. Pengguna sering tidak yakin bagaimana mengingkan tampilan untuk dilihat atau fungsi apa yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan performa bisnisnya. Pengembang tidak yakin bagaimana mengartikan user requirement, dan mereka juga memilki keterkaitan dengan teknologi yang terus berubah.&lt;/div&gt;
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Tujuan dari scope control adalah mempengaruhi factor yang menyebabkan perubahan scope, menyakinkan perubahan yang diproses berdasarkan pada prosedur yang dikembangkan sebagai bagian dari mengintegrasikan perubahan control, dan mengatur perubahan ketika perubahan ini terjadi. Scope control termasuk mengidentifikasikan, mengevaluasi, dan mengimplementasikan perubahan dari project scope sebagai progress dari proyek.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Minggu ke-6 -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Project Time&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Management&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;(Manajemen&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Waktu)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;u style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bagi sekelompok orang, waktu adalah aset yang teramat penting bahkan untuk manusia modern, waktu sering disamakan dengan uang.&lt;/div&gt;
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Begitu juga halnya dalam sebuah proyek, manajemen waktu adalah hal yang esensi.&lt;/div&gt;
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Dapat dikatakan bahwa factor utama yang membedakan antara proyek dan kegiatan operasional adalah adanya keterbatasan waktu dalam suatu proyek, sementara kegiatan operasional bersifat berkelanjutan.&lt;/div&gt;
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Keterbatasan waktu ini mencerminkan adanya misi khusus dan penting dalam setiap proyek. Sehingga pemenuhan target waktu menjadi tugas utama pengelola dan pemimpin proyek.&lt;/div&gt;
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Manajemen jadwal yang perlu dilakukan oleh manajer proyek dan anggotanya&lt;/div&gt;
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Input utama adalah WBS, yakni kesepakatan mengenai lingkup kerja proyek. Langkah selanjutnya yang dapat dilakukan:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Merinci berbagai kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk penyelesaian setiap paket pekerjaan secara lebih spesifik.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menentukan urutan atau logika proses penyelesaian pekerjaan sehingga estimasi waktu dapat diperoleh dengan lebih akurat namun realistis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Estimasi sumber daya (resources) yang akan melibatkan dan dipergunakan (money, materials, methods, machines) dalam rangkaian kegiatan tersebut.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Estimasi target waktu perkegiatan dan mencari total durasi seluruh rangkaian kegiatan yg sering ditampilkan dalam sebuah diagram kegiatan proyek(network diagram) atau Precedence Diagraming Method (PDM).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menyusun dan finalisasi jadwal dalam bentuk gantt-chart atau time table.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Mengendalikan dan menyesuaikan jadwal proyek.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Proses utama terkait manajemen waktu proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Pada tahap perencanaan:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menyiapkan daftar aktivitas (action plan) untuk menyelesaikan setiap paket pekerjaan (work packages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Menyusun urutan setiap paket pekerjaan atau aktivitas dalam suatu rangkaian diagram, yang disebut Schedule Network Diagram. Keterkaitan antara masing-masing aktivitas predesesor dan suksesor dalam proyek dapat digolonkan ke 4 pola hubungan yaitu:&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Finish-to-Start. Kegiatan A selesai kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan B.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Finish-to-Finish. Kegiatan A selesai sehingga kegiatan B dapat selesai.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Start-to-Start. Kegiatan A dimulai sehingga kegiatan B dapat dimulai.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Start-to-Finish. Kegiatan A dimulai sehingga kegiatan B dapat selesai.&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Keterkaian antara kegiatan A dan kegiatan B dapat terjadi karena sifatnya yang mandatory (hard logic), yakni kegiatan A secara teknis harus selesai sebelum kegiatan B dapat dimulai.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teknik lain dalam manajemen waktu adalah leads (percepatan waktu) dan lags (waktu tunggu/perlambatan).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan daftar aktivitas, manajer proyek harus memperkirakan kebutuhan sumber daya manusia, material dan peralatan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Langkah berikutnya adalah mencari durasi proyek dengan membuat network diagram.&lt;/li&gt;
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA:&lt;/div&gt;
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Ø&amp;nbsp; K.C.CHAN, PETER ONG, DAN R.EKO INDRAJIT. Integrated project management. Yogyakarta: Andi; 2004.&lt;/div&gt;
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Ø&amp;nbsp; Robert K. Wysocki, Robert Beck Jr, David B.Crane. Effective Project Management, Second Edition. Canada: John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc; 2000.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sumber:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://journeyofanextraordinary.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-waktu.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://journeyofanextraordinary.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-waktu.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://dhonykurniadi0204.blogspot.com/2012/01/project-scope-management-manajemen.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://dhonykurniadi0204.blogspot.com/2012/01/project-scope-management-manajemen.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/2666169157151848492/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko_25.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2666169157151848492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/2666169157151848492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko_25.html' title='Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko '/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZV4mlYeaFE36l_1K9uixzPmYYPcItF0cPIvmellNWl6F4oZFDqKlEPMW_tsUI2Ell8dQdlemEK9sVM2Pcdq4378II6_eclqDF0BOxhlKwxba-C7UhIQgVzkMLpq6Bih-Q3QsFsbx6z_k/s72-c/Contoh+Outline+SPMP.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-1887635885263968320</id><published>2019-10-06T06:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2019-10-06T06:29:28.732-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;NAMA&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: MUHAMMAD
IKBAR FADHILAH&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;KELAS&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: 3KB07&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;NPM&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
24117066&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;M1:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pengenalan
Manajemen Proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;1. Latar belakang, sejarah dan motivasi mempelajari
manajemen proyek khususnya TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Laporan Chaos 1995&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Penelitian Standish Group menunjukkan 31,1% mengejutkan
proyek akan dibatalkan sebelum mereka pernah mendapatkan selesai&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Hasil lebih lanjut menunjukkan 52,7% dari proyek akan
menelan biaya lebih dari 189% perkiraan asli mereka&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Di sisi keberhasilan, rata-rata hanya 16,2% untuk
perangkat lunak proyek yang diselesaikan tepat waktu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sebuah laporan tahun 2001 menunjukkan bahwa AS
menghabiskan $ 2.3 triliun untuk proyek setiap tahun&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Belanja TI di seluruh dunia diperkirakan akan tumbuh
sebesar 4% dan 6% dalam beberapa tahun mendatang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 2003 rata-rata manajer proyek senior di US
berpenghasilan hampir $ 90,000 per tahun&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Di AS, nomor-satu realitas acara TV pada tahun 2004,
menggambarkan peran manajer proyek penting dalam bisnis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;2. Keuntungan menggunakan formal manajemen proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kontrol yang lebih baik di bidang&amp;nbsp;keuangan, fisik,
dan SDM&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Meningkatnya relasi dengan&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;customer&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Waktu&amp;nbsp;pembangunan yang lebih singkat&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Biaya&amp;nbsp;yang lebih rendah&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kualitas&amp;nbsp;lebih tinggi &amp;amp; meningkatnya
reliabilitas&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Keuntungan&amp;nbsp;yang lebih besar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Meningkatnya&amp;nbsp;produktivitas&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Koordinasi&amp;nbsp;yang lebih baik&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Moral&amp;nbsp;pekerja lebih baik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;3. Pengertian proyek dan manajemen proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Proyek adalah rangkaian usaha
dalam jangka waktu&amp;nbsp; tertentu yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah
produk atau jasa unik tertentu , dilaksanakan oleh manusia&amp;nbsp; dengan
memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya melalui rangkaian proses perencanaan,
eksekusi dan kontrol&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Contoh Proyek:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Membuat desain baru kendaraan di zaman sekarang&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Mengembangkan produk baru &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Membangun sebuah gedung atau fasilitas dalam sebuah
lingkungan &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Membuat perubahan dalam struktur organisasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Proyek memiliki jangka waktu tertentu yang
berarti bahwa rangkaian aktivitas tersebut memiliki titik mulai dan titik
selesai yang pasti (ditargetkan). Bersifat unik yang berarti bahwa tidak ada
proyek yang menghasilkan produk atau jasa yang identik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Manajemen Proyek adalah penerapan
pengetahuan, kompetensi, keahlian, peralatan, metodologi, dan teknik didalam
proses pengelolaan sebuah proyek sehingga&amp;nbsp; dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan
harapan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan (stakeholders) dari proyek tersebut&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;4. Kendala-kendala Manajemen Proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Proyek harus beroperasi&amp;nbsp; dalam lingkungan organisasi
yang luas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Manajer proyek perlu mengambil pandangan holistik atau
sistem proyek dan&amp;nbsp;mengerti bagaimana terletak didalam organisasi besar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;5. Kerangka kerja dan area&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;knowledge
manajemen proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kerangka kerja manajemen proyek menyediakan struktur
dasar untuk memahami manajemen proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Konteks manajemen proyek&amp;nbsp; menggambarkan lingkungan
internal dan eksternal dimana dimana proyek tersebut beroperasi &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Rangkaian proses manajemen proyek&amp;nbsp; menggambarkan
pandangan umum tentang bagaimana proses manajemen proyek dalam pengelolaan
proyek tersebut dilaksanakan dan hubungan keterkaitan antaranya&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pengelolaan Waktu proyek termasuk memperkirakan berapa
lama memakan waktu untuk menyelesaikan kerja, membangun jadwal proyek yang
dapat diterima, dan menjamin ketepatan waktu penyelesaian proyek tersebut&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pengelolaan Lingkup proyek termasuk menentukan dan
mengelola semua kerja yang diperlukan untuk menyeleesaikan kesuksesan
proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pengelolaan Biaya proyek terdiri dari persiapan dan
pengelolaan biaya untuk proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Proyek pengelolaan Resiko termasuk mengidentifikasi,
menganalisis, dan merespon resiko yang terjadi di dalam proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Proyek SDM memperhatikan kegunaan efektif dari orang yang
terkait dengan proyek itu&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Project Integration management mempengaruhi dan
dipengaruhioleh 8 area pengetahuan lainnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;6. Alat dan teknik Manajemen Proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Alat dan tehnik manajemen
proyek membantu manajer proyek maupun timnya dari berbagai aspek manejemen
proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Analisis waktu, bagan Gantt, dan diagram network&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Perkiraan biaya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Perkiraan ruang lingkup&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;7. Hubungan manajemen proyek dengan disiplin ilmu lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sebagian besar pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan untuk
mengelola proyek yang unik atau hampir unik untuk manajemen proyek (misalnya:
analisis jalur kritis dan struktur kerja rincian). Namun PMBOK tidak tumpang
tindih dengan disiplin manajemen yang lainnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Manajemen umum meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian,
staf, melaksanakan, dan mengendalikan operasi perusahaan berlangsung. Manajemen
umum juga termasuk mendukung disiplin ilmu seperti pemrograman computer, hukum,
statistic dan teori probabilitas,logistic dan personel. PMBOK ini tumpang
tindih manajemen umum di banyak daerah- prilaku organisasi, peramalan keuangan,
dan teknik perencanaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Daerah aplikasi adalah kategori proyek yang memeiliki
elemen umum yang signifikan dalam proyek tsb namun tidak dibutuhkan hadir dalam
semua proyek. Daerah aplikasi didefinisikan dalam hal Teknis elemen, seperti
pengembangan perangkat lunak, farmasi atau teknik kontruksi.Manajemen elemen,
seperti kontrak pemerintah atau pengembangan produk baru. Industry kelompok,
seperti otomotif, kimia, atau layanan keuangan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;8. Bagan Gantt, diagram Network, dan alat manajemen
proyek enterprise&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Bagan Gantt&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Diagram Network&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Alat manajemen proyek enterprise&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;9. Profesi dan Sertifikasi Manajemen Proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Profesi manajemen proyek:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Berbagai kelompok – kelompok tertentu
berminat di berbagai bidang seperti engineering, berbagai bidang jasa, maupun
kesehatan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Sertifikasi manajemen proyek:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PMI telah menyediakan sertifikasi sebagai Project Management
Profesional (PMP). Untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi itu seorang PMP harus
mempunyai pengalaman proyek yang cukup, dan harus mengikuti test PMP dank ode
etik yang telah ada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sumber:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://sugi-arty.blogspot.com/2011/09/review-bab-1-dan-bab-2.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://sugi-arty.blogspot.com/2011/09/review-bab-1-dan-bab-2.html   &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://apk.blog.ittelkom.ac.id/blog/files/2011/02/MPTI1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://apk.blog.ittelkom.ac.id/blog/files/2011/02/MPTI1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Information Technology
Project Management, 5th &quot;Edition&quot; , by Kathy Schwalbe, Thompson
Course&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Technology,
Boston-Massachusetts, 2007, Chapter 1 (&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:ibm@ilkom.ac.id&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;ibm@ilkom.ac.id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;M2:&lt;br /&gt;
Konteks Manajemen Proyek dan TI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;1. Gambaran sistem dari manajemen proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ketika jumlah dan tingkat kerumitan proyek terus berkembang,
maka manajemen proyek itu harus semakin perlu dipraktekan untuk membiasakan
diri menghadapi masalah – masalah maupun kerumitan yang ditemui. Sehingga
tingkat kerumitan yang menjadi beban, lama – lama akan berkurang&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Manajer proyek yang sukses harus
memiliki dan mengembangkan banyak ketrampilan dan memimpin tim mereka melalui
praktek langsung. Proyek memiliki beberapa atribut, seperti bersifat unik,
sementara dan dikembangkan secara incremental. Sebuah kerangka untuk manajemen
proyek termasuk stakeholder, sembilan bidang pengetahuan, tools dan teknik, dan
menciptakan portofolio proyek untuk menjamin kesuksesan perusahaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;2. Pemahaman mengenai organisasi dan struktur dasar
organisasi serta pengaruhnya pada proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Sebuah organisasi dapat terbentuk karena dipengaruhi oleh beberapa aspek
seperti penyatuan visi dan misi serta tujuan yang sama dengan perwujudan
eksistensi sekelompok orang tersebut terhadap masyarakat. Organisasi yang
dianggap baik adalah organisasi yang dapat diakui keberadaanya oleh masyarakat
disekitarnya, karena memberikan kontribusi seperti pengambilan sumber daya
manusia dalam masyarakat sebagai anggota-anggotanya sehingga menekan angka
pengangguran&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Orang-orang yang ada di dalam suatu organisasi mempunyai suatu
keterkaitan yang terus menerus. Rasa keterkaitan ini bukan berarti keanggotaan
seumur hidup akan tetapi sebaliknya, organisasi menghadapi perubahan yang
konstan di dalam keanggotaan mereka meskipun pada saat mereka menjadi anggota
orang-orang dalam organisasi berpatipasi secara relatif teratur. Struktur
organisasi mendefinisikan cara tugas pekerjaan dibagi, dikelompokkan, dan
dikoordinasikan secara formal. Variabel struktur&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;a. Ukuran (size):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Makin besar akan semakin komplek impersonal, semakin
lugas , semakin sulit diarahkan, semakin sulit dipadukan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Ukuran menciptakan dilema&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Tak ada yang tahu ukuran yang optimum&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;b. Jumlah tingkatan hirarkhi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kalau terlalu banyak bisa timbul kesulitan komunikasi
vertikal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sebaiknya tak terlalu banyak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Perhatikan efektivitas komunikasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;c. Struktur kewenangan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Orang-orang yang punya kewenangan membuat keputusan bagi
organisasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Siapa saja yang termasuk dalam struktur&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Bila hanya satu orang bisa timbil kesulitan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendelegasian wewenang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;d. Struktur komunikasi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Variabel yang terpenting&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Dari puncak hirarkhi sampai ke paling bawah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Juga perlu diperhatikan komunikasi horisontal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;e. Struktur tugas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sama dengan struktur peranan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Cara organisasi membagi-bagi tugas/pekerjaan kepada
anggota-anggotanya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah semua pekerjaan terbagi habis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah semua anggota mendapat peranan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah hanya orang tertentu saja yang berperan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;f. Struktur status dan prestis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apa yang diperoleh dari organisasi dengan pengorbanan
yang diberikan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah prestis (gengsi) seseorang akan naik dengan
menjadi anggota organisasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah prestis terbagi secara merata&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apakah organisasi memiliki jenjang status yang terbuka
bagi semua anggota&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;g. Jarak psikologis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Antara orang yang di puncak (pengambil keputusan) dan
orang- orang di bawah (yang melakukan pekerjaan)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Komunikasi emosi antara orang-orang dalam hirarkhi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menunjukkan kemudahan komunikasi vertikal effektif/tidak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;3. Komitmen stakeholder dan top manajemen dalam proyek TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Stakeholder adalah
orang-orang yang terkait dalam aktivitas proyek dan setiap stakeholder
mempunyai komitmen untuk bekerja secara profesional dan bertanggung jawab dalam
setiap manajemen proyek kerja. Stakeholder termasuk tim proyek, manajer proyek,
sponsor proyek, maupun user (pengguna).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Para manajer proyek harus mengambil waktu untuk
mengidentifikasi, memahami, dan mengelola hubungan dengan semua stakeholder
proyek menggunakan empat frame organisasi yang dapat membantu memenuhi
kebutuhan stakeholder dan harapan. Dalam hal itu senior eksekutif stakeholder
sangat penting di beberapa studi menyebutkan komitmen manajemen puncak sebagai
salah satu faktor kunci yang terkait dengan proyek sukses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;4. Phase dan siklus hidup proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ada 6 tahap siklus hidup
proyek yaitu: Model Water Fall, System Engineering, Over Lapping Phases,
Prototyping, Joint Aplication Development, Herative Life Cycle. Berikut
penjelasan secara detailnya:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 16.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;a. Model Water Fall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;-&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;System / Information Engineering and Modeling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Permodelan ini diawali
dengan mencari kebutuhan dari keseluruhan sistem yang akan diaplikasikan ke
dalam bentuk software&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Analisis Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak / Software Requirements Analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;. Proses pencarian kebutuhan
diintensifkan dan difokuskan pada software&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Design.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Proses ini
digunakan untuk mengubah kebutuhan-kebutuhan di atas menjadi representasi ke
dalam bentuk “blueprint” software sebelum coding dimulai&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Coding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Untuk dapat
dimengerti oleh mesin, dalam hal ini adalah komputer, maka desain tadi harus
diubah bentuknya menjadi bentuk yang dapat dimengerti oleh mesin, yaitu ke
dalam bahasa pemrograman melalui proses coding&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Maintenance&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Testing / Verification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sesuatu yang dibuat haruslah di ujicobakan&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;2. System
Engineering&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Maintenance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pemeliharaan suatu software diperlukan, termasuk di dalamnya
adalah pengembangan, karena software yang dibuat tidak selamanya hanya seperti
itu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;b. System Engineering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Tahapannya dengan menggunakan OMT (Object Modelling
Technique)&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Model Objek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Model Dinamis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Model Fungsional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;c. Over Lapping Phases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Komunikasi pelanggan,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;yaitu
tugas-tugas untuk membangun komunikasi antara pelanggan dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan
yang diinginkan oleh pelanggan&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Perencanaan,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;yaitu
tugas-tugas untuk mendefinisikan sumber daya, ketepatan waktu, dan proyek
informasi lain yg berhubungan&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Evaluasi Pelanggan,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;yaitu
tugas-tugas untuk mendapatkan umpan balik dari pelanggan&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;d. Prototyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Pengumpulan kebutuhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pelanggan
dan pengembang bersama-sama mendefinisikan format seluruh perangkat lunak,
mengidentifikasikan semua kebutuhan, dan garis besar sistem yang akan dibuat&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Membangun prototyping.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Membangun
prototyping dengan membuat perancangan sementara yang berfokus pada penyajian
kepada pelanggan (misalnya dengan membuat input dan format output)&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Evaluasi protoptyping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;. Evaluasi
ini dilakukan oleh pelanggan apakah prototyping yang sudah dibangun sudah
sesuai dengan keinginann pelanggan&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Mengkodekan sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;. Dalam tahap
ini prototyping yang sudah di sepakati diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa
pemrograman yang sesuai&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;e. Joint Aplication Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Bussiness Modelling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tahap
ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan informasi&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Data Modelling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tahap
aliran informasi yang sudah didefinisikan, disusun menjadi sekumpulan objek
data&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Process Modelling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tahap
dimana objek data yang sudah didefinisikan diubah menjadi aliran informasi yang
diperlukan untukmenjalankan fungsi-fungsi bisnis&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Aplication Generation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tahap
dimana menggunakan component program yang sudah ada atau membuat component yang
bisa digunakan lagi&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Testing and Turnover.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tahap
pengujian sistem&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;f. Herative Life Cycle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Perencanaan (Planning).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tujuan
dari tahap perencanaan adalah untuk meng-hasilkan rencana kerja (work plan)
formal untuk pengembangan sistem&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Pendefinisian
Knowledge (Knowledge Definition).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Tujuan tahap ini adalah mendefiniskan kebutuhan knowledge
dari sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Perancangan Knowledge
(Knowledge Design).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tujuan tahap ini
adalah menghasilkan rancangan rinci untuk sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;5. Siklus hidup produk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Siklus hidup produk adalah suatu
konsep penting yang memberikan pemahaman tentang dinamika kompetitif suatu
produk. Seperti halnya dengan manusia, suatu produk juga memiliki siklus atau
daur hidup. Siklus Hidup Produk (Product Life Cycle) ini yaitu suatu grafik
yang menggambarkan riwayat produk sejak diperkenalkan ke pasar sampai dengan
ditarik dari pasar . Siklus Hidup Produk (Product Life Cycle) ini merupakan
konsep yang penting dalam pemasaran karena memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam
mengenai dinamika bersaing suatu produk. Konsep ini dipopulerkan oleh levitt
(1978) yang kemudian penggunaannya dikembangkan dan diperluas oleh para ahli
lainnya&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ada berbagai pendapatan mengenai tahap – tahap yang
ada dalam Siklus Hidup Produk (Product Life Cycle) suatu produk. Ada yang
menggolongkannya menjadi introduction, growth, maturity, decline dan
termination. Sementara itu ada pula yang menyatakan bahwa keseluruhan tahap –
tahap Siklus Hidup Produk (Product Life Cycle) terdiri dari introduction
(pioneering), rapid growth (market acceptance), slow growth (turbulance),
maturity (saturation), dan decline (obsolescence). Meskipun demikian pada
umumnya yang digunakan adalah penggolongan ke dalam empat tahap, yaitu
introduction, growth, maturity dan decline&lt;br /&gt;
Menurut Basu Swastha (1984:127-132), daur hidup produk itu di bagi menjadi
empat tahap, yaitu:&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Tahap perkenalan (introduction)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada tahap ini, barang mulai
dipasarkan dalam jumlah yang besar walaupun volume penjualannya belum tinggi.
Barang yang di jual umumnya barang baru (betul-betul baru) Karena masih berada
pada tahap permulaan, biasanya ongkos yang dikeluarkan tinggi terutama biaya
periklanan. Promosi yang dilakukan memang harus agfesif dan menitikberatkan
pada merek penjual. Di samping itu distribusi barang tersebut masih terbatas
dan laba yang diperoleh masih rendah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Tahap pertumbuhan (growth)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dalam tahap pertumbuhan ini, penjualan dan laba akan
meningkat dengan cepat. Karena permintaan sudah sangat meningkat dan masyarakat
sudah mengenal barang bersangkutan, maka usaha promosi yang dilakukan oleh
perusahaan tidak seagresif tahap sebelumnya. Di sini pesaing sudah mulai
memasuki pasar sehingga persaingan menjadi lebih ketat. Cara lain yang dapat
dilakukan untuk memperluas dan meningkatkan distribusinya adalah dengan
menurunkan harga jualnya&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Tahap kedewasaan (maturity)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada tahap kedewasaan ini kita dapat melihat
bahwa penjualan masih meningkat dan pada tahap berikutnya tetap. Dalam tahap
ini, laba produsen maupun laba pengecer mulai turun. Persaingan harga menjadi
sangat tajam sehingga perusahaan perlu memperkenalkan produknya dengan model
yang baru. Pada tahap kedewasaan ini, usaha periklanan biasanya mulai
ditingkatkan lagi untuk menghadapi persaingan&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Tahap kemunduran (decline)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hampir semua jenis barang yang dihasilkan oleh
perusahaan selalu mengalami kekunoan atau keusangan dan harus di ganti dengan
barang yang baru. Dalam tahap ini, barang baru harus sudah dipasarkan untuk
menggantikan barang lama yang sudah kuno. Meskipun jumlah pesaing sudah
berkurang tetapi pengawasan biaya menjadi sangat penting karena permintaan
sudah jauh menurun.Apabila barang yang lama tidak segera ditinggalkan tanpa
mengganti dengan barang baru, maka perusahaan hanya dapat beroperasi pada pasar
tertentu yang sangat terbatas&#39; Altematif-alternatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh
manajemen pada saat penjualan menurun antara lain:&lt;br /&gt;
a. Memperbarui barang (dalam arti fungsinya)&lt;br /&gt;
b. Meninjau kembali dan memperbaiki progrcm pemasaran serta program produksiny
a agar lebih efisien&lt;br /&gt;
c. Menghilangkan ukuran, warna, dan model yang kurang baik&lt;br /&gt;
d. Menghilangkan sebagian jenis barang untuk mencapai laba optimum pada barang
yang sudah ada&lt;br /&gt;
e. Meninggalkan sama sekali barang tersebut&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;6. Konteks dari proyek IT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sebuah fenomena yang unik
telah terjadi dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Fenomena ini dapat dilihat pada
seluruh aktivitas yang terdapat didalamnya. Hampir seluruh aktivitas yang
terkait dengan kegiatan perencanaan, pengembangan dan penerapan teknologi
informasi dilakukan melalui aktivitas berbasis proyek. Hal ini tentunya sangat
berbeda dengan menyelesaikan sebuah pekerjaan yang bersifat rutin, dimana dalam
menyelesaikan aktivitas berorientasi proyek, waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan,
sasaran yang ingin dicapai, out put yang akan dihasilkan, pihak-pihak yang
terlibat, besarnya anggaran dan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan ditetapkan dengan
jelas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fenomena diatas
mengindikasikan bahwa seseorang yang ingin berhasil dalam meniti karir di dunia
IT, harus memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam bidang manajemen proyek teknologi
informasi. Selain diterapkan dalam bidang konstruksi, ilmu manajemen proyek
juga tidak kalah pentingnya untuk diterapkan dalam bidang IT. Nilai proyek IT
yang cukup besar menyebabkan penanganan proyek-proyek IT harus direncanakan
secara matang. Tidak jarang banyak proyek IT yang mengalami kegagalan dalam
pencapaian tujuan, jadwal maupun batasan biaya yang telah ditetapkan diawal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;7. Fungsi kerja manajemen proyek&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Manfaat manajemen proyek dilihat dari segi bidang-bidang
tertentu yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Planning to Do ( Perencanaan Selanjutnya).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;Berfungsi sebagai
memberikan gambaran hubungan ketergantungan dan pekerjaan, mengindetifikasi
jalur kritis, merencanakan sumber daya, dan mengindentifikasi adanya select&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Pengendalian&lt;/i&gt;. Berfungsi memberikan dasar-dasar gambaran patokan dalam
pengendalian proyek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Lingkup kerja dan masalah yang dihadapi.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;Berfungsi memberikan
dorongan nyata demi terciptanya komunikasi anatar pemimpin proyek dan pelaksana
proyek dilapangan , supaya sukses dan mendapatkan hasil yang memuaskan&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Menurut H.Kerzener bahwa siklus proyek adalah kegiatan dari
awal kemudian bertambah macam dan intensitasnya sampai puncak , ke bawah dan ke
atas. Masing-masing memiliki tahap khusus yang kompleksitas , ukuran dan jadwal
yang ditentukan atau diperlukan kompleksitas proyek tergantung pada:&lt;br /&gt;
a. Jumlah ragam macam kegiatan&lt;br /&gt;
b. Macam dan jumlah kegiatan didalam suatu proyek dan luar&lt;br /&gt;
Supaya proyek cepat berhasil ada hal yang penting diperhatikan yaitu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Konsepsional proyek&lt;br /&gt;
- Definisi proyek&lt;br /&gt;
- Penyusunan organisasi&lt;br /&gt;
- Pelaksanaan proyek&lt;br /&gt;
- Penyelesaian proyek&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Setiap akhir pengkajian dan keputusan apakah proyek
tersebut dapat dilaksanakan ke tahap berikutnya. Hasil dari setiap tahap
terdahulu merupakan masukan utama bagi tahap berikutnya&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;8. Keahlian yang disarankan bagi manajer proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Seorang manajer proyek harus
memiliki keterampilan yang luas hardskill maupun softskillnya keahlian yang
disarankan yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keterampilan berkomunikasi yang baik dan tegas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keahlian dalam berorganisasi sehingga dapat membuat
rencana dan menganalisis masalah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keterampilan team-building untuk memotivasi dan bekerja
sama pada tim proyeknya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keterampilan teknologi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keterampilan penyesuaian diri yaitu fleksibel, kreatif,
sabar serta pantang menyerah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Keterampilan kepemimpinan agar memberikan visi yang
besar untuk tujuan proyek tersebut&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;9. Karakteristik dari manajer proyek yang efektif dan
tidak efektif&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Effective project manager:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Visioner&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kompeten&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Motivator yang baik&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Mendukung anggota tim&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Membuat ide–ide baru&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Ineffective project manager:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Minder&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Motivator yang buruk&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Tidak Kompeten&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Komunikator yang buruk&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sumber:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://iiam.blogdetik.com/2011/10/02/konteks-manajemen-proyek-dan-ti&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://iiam.blogdetik.com/2011/10/02/konteks-manajemen-proyek-dan-ti&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lembahperasaan.blogspot.com/2010/03/dasar-dasar-struktur-organisasi.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://lembahperasaan.blogspot.com/2010/03/dasar-dasar-struktur-organisasi.html    &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zoneep.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/tahapan-tahapan-siklus-hidup-proyek/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; http://zoneep.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/tahapan-tahapan-siklus-hidup-proyek/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;M3:&lt;br /&gt;
Grup proses Manajemen Proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;1. Grup proses manajemen proyek&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dalam sebuah manajemen
proyek terdapat sejumlah proses yang saling berkaitan antara yang satu dengan
yang lainnya, dan tiap-tiap proses tersebut membentuk suatu grup proses Dalam
manajemen proyek terdapat 5 grup proses:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Inisisasi yaitu dilakukannya pendefinisian proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Perencanaan proyek yaitu mendefinisikan dan merinci
tujuan proyek, serta merencanakan aktivitas-aktivitas yang dibutuhkan dalam
rangka mencapai tujuan proyek itu sendiri dan sesuai batasan yang telah
disepakati&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Eksekusi yaitu mengintegerasikan semua sumber daya yang
dibutuhkan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan proyek dengan melaksanakan apa yang
sudah direncanakan&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Kontrol yaitu mengukur dan memonitor secara berkala
kemajuan proyek serta mengidentifikasi adanya penyelewengan pelaksanaan dari
rencana yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Akhir melakukan formalisasi hasil proyek berupa barang
atau jasa yang dihasilkan dari proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;2. Hubungan antara grup proses dan area knowledge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Knowledge berperan penting dalam sebuah manajemen proyek
terutama dalam pengawasan grup proses manajemen proyek. Dimana grup proses
adalah suatu rencana demi kelancaran proyek agar lebih mudah dalam memulai
proyek dan tugas knowledge merupakan memonitor segala hal dari berbagai aspek
yang terjadi di dalam grup proses&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;3. Membangun metodologi manajemen proyek IT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sebuah perusahaan vendor IT atau
vendor apapun yang hidup matinya bergantung pada keberadaan proyek, memiliki
masalah yang sama dalam menentukan metodologi apa yang cocok untuk digunakan
dalam pengerjaan proyek. Dalam dunia IT lebih dalam lagi akan ada pertanyaan
metodologi apa yang cocok untuk pengembangan software atau untuk digunakan
sebagai acuan Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengalaman membuktikan, tidak
adanya kejelasan metodologi yang jelas yang digunakan perusahaan akan membuat
proyek berjalan tanpa arah dan akan sangat tergantung dari individu manajer
proyeknya. Jika kondisi itu berlangsung pada proyek yang kompleks dan ditangani
oleh manajer proyek yang tidak berpengalaman maka akan berakhir pada kegagalan
proyek. Bagi orang yang lebih tinggi yaitu atasan dari manajer proyek, hal
tersebut akan membuat proyek-proyek tidak bisa dimonitor apalagi dikontrol&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Memilih metodologi proyek memang
bukan hal yang mudah. Kita tau ada berbagai macam metodologi mulai yang
general, yang bisa diimplementasikan pada proyek apapun seperti PMBOK, PRINCE2
maupun yang spesifik untuk domain tertentu misalnya SWEBOK, XP, Scrum yang
digunakan pada proyek development software. Masing-masing metodologi memiliki
keuntungan dan kita perlu&amp;nbsp;untuk TIDAK memilih begitu saja satu
metodologi&amp;nbsp;karena saya percaya tidak ada metodologi yang &quot;&lt;i&gt;one size
fits all&lt;/i&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kita dapat mengelaborasikan beberapa
metodologi dan membuatnya pesifik untuk perusahaan dengan catatan metodologi
tersebut didefinisikan agar sesuai dengan sifat dari proyek-proyek yang ada
dan&amp;nbsp;sebisa mungkin masih dapat disesuaikan&amp;nbsp;(tailored) sesuai dengan
besarnya proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Untuk mengelaborasi
metodologi, sebaiknya kita mulai dengan studi beberapa metodologi yang sudah
ada. Ada baiknya kita&amp;nbsp;membuat listing yang lengkap dari metodologi yang
yang sudah ada, mempelajarinya secara high level, kemudian menentukan yang
menjadi&lt;i&gt;main interest&lt;/i&gt;, lalu melakukan klasifikasi&amp;nbsp;seperti yang
dijelaskan sebuah artikel &quot;Defining &amp;amp; Classifying Project Management
Methodologies.&quot; Berikut ini gambaran level dari klasifikasi metodologi
manajemen proyek dari artikel tersebut&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ada baiknya perusahaan membuat sebuah
referensi metodologi manajemen proyek pada Level 3 (Organization specific,
customized methodology). Yang dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat diadaptasi
menjadi L4 maupun L5 sesuai kemampuan manajer proyek&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sebuah kesimpulan yang menarik terkait pemilihan
metodologi ini dapat kita lihat dari artikel &quot;Methodology Per
Project&quot;. Menurut penulis artikel tersebut, Alistair
Cockburn,&amp;nbsp;metodologi memiliki sepuluh elemen dasar yaitu: roles, skills,
activities, techniques, tools, teams, deliverables, standards, quality measures
dan project values. Tidak semua metodologi mencakup semua elemen tersebut,
semakin besar proyek maka harus semakin besar metodologinya artinya aspek
elemen yang dicakup harus semakin lengkap. Hal tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan
cara&amp;nbsp;mengelaborasi&amp;nbsp;beberapa metodologi. Lebih jauh lagi, perusahaan
seharusnya tidak hanya mendefinikan acuan metodologi tetapi sebuah common frame
of reference yang mencakup:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- A common project management model&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Companywide project management training programs&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Project management career development&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Knowledge-sharing activities&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;4. Studi kasus :&amp;nbsp;JWD Consulting’s Project Management Intranet Site&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
JWD Consulting’s Project Management Intranet Site terdiri dari beberapa proses
sebagai berikut ini:&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Initiating&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Planning&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Executing&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Monitoring and Controlling&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- Closing&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;- Initiating&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Inisiasi merupakan tahap pengenalan dalam memulai proyek baru, dan memastikan
bahwa pada tahap ini proyek akan dijalankan dengan benar&lt;br /&gt;
Input:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Mengidentifikasikan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menganalisis kebutuhan yang diperlukan dalam membangun
proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Memperkirakan resiko-resiko yang akan muncul&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Output: &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Project charter terselesaikan dan disepakati&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Terpilihnya Manajer Proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Teridentifikasinya pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Business case terselesaikan&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Planning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tujuan utama dari perencenaan proyek adalah untuk memandu pelaksanaan proyek&lt;br /&gt;
Input:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Berupa output dari proses inisiasi sebelumnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Output: &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Ditentukannya lingkup proyek&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Adanya kontrak tim&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Adanya WBS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Scheduled Project terbentuk&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Adanya daftar dari resiko yang diprioritaskan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Executing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Proses executing proyek diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa aktifitas dalam
perencanaan proyek terpenuhi&lt;br /&gt;
Input:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Berupa output dari proses perencanaan (planning)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Output: &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Mengimplementasikan solusi dari masalah-masalah yang
ada&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Mengetahui data performansi kerja dari tim&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Perencanaan Manajemen Proyek (diperbaharui)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Terkualifikasinya daftar penjual&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Monitoring and Controlling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Monitoring and Controlling merupakan pengukuran dan pemantauan perkembangan
secara berkala akan tujuan proyek untuk memastikan adanya kecocokkan antara
progress dgn rencana awal proyek, selain itu untuk memantau setiap penyimpangan
yang ada dari rencana awal&lt;br /&gt;
Input:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Berupa output-an dari proses sebelumnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Output:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Adanya recommended corrective actions, preventive
actions, dan defect repair&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Terukurnya performansi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Terukurnya kontrol kualitas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Resolved Issues&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;- Closing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Meraih lebih banyak lagi stakeholders dan pelanggan yang menerima layanan
ataupun produk akhir kita&lt;br /&gt;
Input:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Berupa output dari proses penutupan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Output: &amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Final Product, service or result&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menutup kontrak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.75pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Dokumentasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;5. Inisiasi proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Inisiasi proyek merupakan tahap awal
kegiatan proyek sejak sebuah proyek disepakati untuk dikerjakan. Pada tahap
ini, permasalahan yang ingin diselesaikan akan diidentifiasi. Beberapa pilihan
solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan juga didefinisikan. Sebuah studi kelayakan
dapat dilakukan untuk memilih sebuah solusi yang memiliki kemungkinan terbesar
untuk direkomendasikan sebagai solusi terbaik dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan.
Ketika sebuah solusi telah ditetapkan, maka seorang manajer proyek akan
ditunjuk sehingga tim proyek dapat dibentuk dan berakhir ketika manajer proyek
diberikan otoritas juga petunjuk untuk memulai perencanaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;6. Dokumen inisiasi proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dokumen inisisasi proyek merupakan
dokumen yang berisi tentang tahap awal kegiatan awal yang sudah dibentuk sejak
sebuah proyek disepakati untuk dikerjakan oleh tim proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;7. Rencana proyek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Rencana proyek merupakan sebuah
kerangka gagasan – gagasan dalam menjalankan sebuah manajemen proyek dan demi
mensukseskan apa yang menjadi tujuan manajemen proyek itu dibuat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;8. Eksekusi proyek, pengawasan proyek, penyelesaian
proyek, dan Post-Project Follow-up&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dengan definisi proyek yang jelas dan
terperinci, maka aktivitas proyek siap untuk memasuki tahap eksekusi atau
pelaksanaan proyek. Pada tahap ini, deliverables &amp;nbsp;atau tujuan proyek
secara fisik akan dibangun. Seluruh aktivitas yang terdapat dalam dokumentasi
project plan akan dieksekusi. Sementara kegiatan pengembangan berlangsung,
beberapa proses manajemen perlu dilakukan guna memantau dan mengontrol&amp;nbsp;pelaksanaan
proyek juga penyelesaian deliverables sebagai hasil akhir proyek&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Sumber :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://iiam.blogdetik.com/2011/10/16/grup-proses-manajemen-proyek/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://iiam.blogdetik.com/2011/10/16/grup-proses-manajemen-proyek/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ejlp.blogspot.com/2010/05/memilih-metodologi-manajemen-proyek.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ejlp.blogspot.com/2010/05/memilih-metodologi-manajemen-proyek.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://indiegocreativity.blogspot.com/2010/03/mpti-case-study-jwd-consultings-project.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://indiegocreativity.blogspot.com/2010/03/mpti-case-study-jwd-consultings-project.html&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri Light&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://atamarenaperdana93.blogspot.com/2011/12/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/1887635885263968320/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1887635885263968320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1887635885263968320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/10/manajemen-proyek-dan-resiko.html' title='Manajemen Proyek dan Resiko'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-1796072348458363215</id><published>2019-07-10T07:01:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2019-07-10T07:01:25.730-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Tourism</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Simple Future(Passive)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The 4.32-kilometer racetrack &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will be equipped&lt;/b&gt; with facilities such a
paddock area with 40 garages, 50,000 grandstand seats, a standing area for
138,000 spectators and hospitality suites that can accommodate up to 7,700
people.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/a-closer-look-at-the-brandnew-mandalika-motogp-circuit-in-lombok/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/a-closer-look-at-the-brandnew-mandalika-motogp-circuit-in-lombok/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;The&amp;nbsp;representatives and the buyers
will meet in a Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer gathering which &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will be held&lt;/b&gt; on May 10 and
11,&quot;&amp;nbsp;she added.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/first-international-islamic-fair-bridges-diverse-islamic-cultures/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/first-international-islamic-fair-bridges-diverse-islamic-cultures/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The three &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will
be detained&lt;/b&gt; for&amp;nbsp;at least the next 20 days.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/immigration-officers-bribed-to-release-singaporean-and-australian-who-misuse-tourist-visas/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/immigration-officers-bribed-to-release-singaporean-and-australian-who-misuse-tourist-visas/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Simple Future(Active)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;In a statement the Jakarta Globe received on
Tuesday, Investree said it would provide financing for in-room coffee capsule
machines through a working capital term loan that &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will give&lt;/b&gt; the social enterprise the opportunity to offer a
selection of certified biodegradable Nespresso-compatible coffee capsules
filled with &quot;farm-fresh&quot; coffee grown by women&#39;s cooperatives in Bali
and West Java.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/investree-provides-green-financing-to-empower-rural-women/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/context/investree-provides-green-financing-to-empower-rural-women/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The return&amp;nbsp;ID-6697 flight&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will leave&lt;/b&gt; Palangkaraya at&amp;nbsp;12.00
p.m.&amp;nbsp;and is scheduled to arrive at YIA at 1.30 p.m.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/commercial/batik-air-offers-new-jakartayogyakartapalangkaraya-route/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/commercial/batik-air-offers-new-jakartayogyakartapalangkaraya-route/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #212529; font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;On the same day, Batik Air&#39;s ID-6696 &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;will leave&lt;/b&gt; YIA at 09.50 a.m.
for&amp;nbsp;Tjilik Riwut Airport in&amp;nbsp;Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan,
with&amp;nbsp;expected time of arrival at&amp;nbsp;11.20 a.m.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://jakartaglobe.id/commercial/batik-air-offers-new-jakartayogyakartapalangkaraya-route/&quot;&gt;https://jakartaglobe.id/commercial/batik-air-offers-new-jakartayogyakartapalangkaraya-route/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/feeds/1796072348458363215/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/07/tourism.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1796072348458363215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6868297240147811807/posts/default/1796072348458363215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://mikbar18.blogspot.com/2019/07/tourism.html' title='Tourism'/><author><name>m.ikbarfadhilah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08537849234916520607</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6868297240147811807.post-9085950633057676103</id><published>2018-11-16T06:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2018-11-16T06:15:38.551-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Ukuran Pemusatan Data : Mean,Median,Modus</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;Mean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Teknik penjelasan pada suatu data tunggal atau kelompok : Rata-rata atau mean ini didapat dengan cara menjumlahkan seluruh data, kemudian dibagi dengan banyaknya data.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari rata rata dalam&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data tunggal&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dirumuskan sebagai berikut&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;sydftoqiet7f&quot; class=&quot; size-full wp-image-54 aligncenter&quot; data-attachment-id=&quot;54&quot; data-comments-opened=&quot;1&quot; data-image-description=&quot;&quot; data-image-meta=&quot;{&amp;quot;aperture&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;credit&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;camera&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;created_timestamp&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;copyright&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;focal_length&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;iso&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;shutter_speed&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;orientation&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;}&quot; data-image-title=&quot;sydftoqiet7f&quot; data-large-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/sydftoqiet7f.png?w=1000?w=140&quot; data-medium-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/sydftoqiet7f.png?w=1000?w=140&quot; data-orig-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/sydftoqiet7f.png?w=1000&quot; data-orig-size=&quot;140,91&quot; data-permalink=&quot;https://statistik2017.wordpress.com/2017/03/04/ukuran-pemusatan-mean-median-modus/sydftoqiet7f/&quot; src=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/sydftoqiet7f.png?w=1000&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;x : rata-rata yang dicari&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;∑xi : total seluruh data&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;n : banyaknya data&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari rata-rata&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data kelompok&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dirumuskan sebagai berikut :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;ksieypq8yt&quot; class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-51 aligncenter&quot; data-attachment-id=&quot;51&quot; data-comments-opened=&quot;1&quot; data-image-description=&quot;&quot; data-image-meta=&quot;{&amp;quot;aperture&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;credit&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;camera&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;created_timestamp&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;copyright&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;focal_length&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;iso&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;shutter_speed&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;orientation&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;}&quot; data-image-title=&quot;ksieypq8yt&quot; data-large-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png?w=1000?w=227&quot; data-medium-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png?w=1000?w=227&quot; data-orig-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png?w=1000&quot; data-orig-size=&quot;227,113&quot; data-permalink=&quot;https://statistik2017.wordpress.com/2017/03/04/ukuran-pemusatan-mean-median-modus/ksieypq8yt/&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px&quot; src=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png?w=1000&quot; srcset=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png 227w, https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/ksieypq8yt.png?w=150 150w&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;x : rata-rata yang dicari&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;∑(fi × ti) : total frekuensi dikali titik tengah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;∑fi : total frekuensi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;Median&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Pada suatu&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data tunggal&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mean merupakan : Nilai yang letaknya di tengah dari data yang telah diurutkan mulai nilai terkecil sampai nilai terbesar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari nilai tengah dalam&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data tunggal&lt;/span&gt;dirumuskan sebagai berikut&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;iwrhglkuaqwrjgl&quot; class=&quot; size-full wp-image-48 aligncenter&quot; data-attachment-id=&quot;48&quot; data-comments-opened=&quot;1&quot; data-image-description=&quot;&quot; data-image-meta=&quot;{&amp;quot;aperture&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;credit&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;camera&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;created_timestamp&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;copyright&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;focal_length&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;iso&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;shutter_speed&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;orientation&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;}&quot; data-image-title=&quot;iwrhglkuaqwrjgl&quot; data-large-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png?w=1000?w=238&quot; data-medium-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png?w=1000?w=238&quot; data-orig-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png?w=1000&quot; data-orig-size=&quot;238,112&quot; data-permalink=&quot;https://statistik2017.wordpress.com/2017/03/04/ukuran-pemusatan-mean-median-modus/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl/&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px&quot; src=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png?w=1000&quot; srcset=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png 238w, https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/iwrhglkuaqwrjgl.png?w=150 150w&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Me : nilai tengah yang dicari&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;n : jumlah data&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Pada suatu&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data kelompok&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mean merupakan : Nilai yang letaknya di tengah .&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari nilai tengah dalam&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data kelompok&lt;/span&gt;dirumuskan sebagai berikut :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;uaerytgpq9t&quot; class=&quot; size-full wp-image-55 aligncenter&quot; data-attachment-id=&quot;55&quot; data-comments-opened=&quot;1&quot; data-image-description=&quot;&quot; data-image-meta=&quot;{&amp;quot;aperture&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;credit&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;camera&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;created_timestamp&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;copyright&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;focal_length&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;iso&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;shutter_speed&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;orientation&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;}&quot; data-image-title=&quot;uaerytgpq9t&quot; data-large-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png?w=1000?w=293&quot; data-medium-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png?w=1000?w=293&quot; data-orig-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png?w=1000&quot; data-orig-size=&quot;293,143&quot; data-permalink=&quot;https://statistik2017.wordpress.com/2017/03/04/ukuran-pemusatan-mean-median-modus/uaerytgpq9t/&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px&quot; src=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png?w=1000&quot; srcset=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png 293w, https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uaerytgpq9t.png?w=150 150w&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Me : nilai tengah yang dicari&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bb : batas bawah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;P : panjang kelas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;n : jumlah data&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;jf : jumlah frekuensi sebelum nilai tengah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;f : banyaknya frekuensi kelas median&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;Modus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Modus merupakan data yang sering muncul atau yang memiliki frekuensi terbanyak.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari modus dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data tungga&lt;/span&gt;l yaitu dengan mencari&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;nilai yang sering muncul&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mencari modus dari&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;data kelompok&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;uwyglqiurg&quot; class=&quot; size-full wp-image-56 aligncenter&quot; data-attachment-id=&quot;56&quot; data-comments-opened=&quot;1&quot; data-image-description=&quot;&quot; data-image-meta=&quot;{&amp;quot;aperture&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;credit&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;camera&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;created_timestamp&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;copyright&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;focal_length&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;iso&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;shutter_speed&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;orientation&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;}&quot; data-image-title=&quot;uwyglqiurg&quot; data-large-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=1000?w=316&quot; data-medium-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=1000?w=300&quot; data-orig-file=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=1000&quot; data-orig-size=&quot;316,153&quot; data-permalink=&quot;https://statistik2017.wordpress.com/2017/03/04/ukuran-pemusatan-mean-median-modus/uwyglqiurg/&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px&quot; src=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=1000&quot; srcset=&quot;https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png 316w, https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=150 150w, https://statistik2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/uwyglqiurg.png?w=300 300w&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Mo : modus yang dicari&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Bb : batas bawah&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;P : panjang kelas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;F1 : selisih antara frekuensi modus dengan frekuensi sebelumnya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;F2 : selisih antara frekuensi modus dengan frekuensi setelahnya&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Contoh soal
, Mean ,Median ,Modus : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: #6a6c6e; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
jumlah mahasiswa yang ikut ujian ada 10&amp;nbsp; dan dengan nilai yang berbeda beda, yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
60,50,70,60,80,80,90,50,60,70, : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
1). Mean :&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype
 id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot;
 path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:formulas&gt;
 &lt;v:path o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;o:lock v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Picture_x0020_1&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:426.75pt;height:180.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/Miracle/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
Cara menjumlah
mean yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
60+50+70+60+80+80+90+50+60+70
= 670/10 : 67&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
Untuk menghitung
mean lewat Ms.Excel yaitu dengan cara , kalian klik atau blog nilainya semuanya
,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
Lalu kalian
arahkan panah ke Autosum dan pilih yang average .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ug_5ocIi0mIuS1cNyU0fPWbTcAsbx1QxqKTKntTj2MNGiXzVCRCzpHCYA8nRk50XHxzXAcpKh73QVrciCklvGQTWfZu8jWtzojetzWg2tqaw75w6yr4IikoECGhGtB5f8_2qgHzdAlxo/s1600/bare1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;557&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1317&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ug_5ocIi0mIuS1cNyU0fPWbTcAsbx1QxqKTKntTj2MNGiXzVCRCzpHCYA8nRk50XHxzXAcpKh73QVrciCklvGQTWfZu8jWtzojetzWg2tqaw75w6yr4IikoECGhGtB5f8_2qgHzdAlxo/s400/bare1.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
2). Modus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
50,50,60,60,60,70,70,80,80,90&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Picture_x0020_2&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_s1027&quot;
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 width:178.75pt;height:127pt;z-index:-251658240;visibility:visible;
 mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;
 mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
 mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
 mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/Miracle/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;tight&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-inIWkOWM5_vJrzZOWQEga4uKqo8dBt5_9Jv8EBY3DNm1schR5hXNQtrN-AIkK8AE7sBd8C3nR6bH1GZfzX0VKCJmL3WrfoVeH4A2Zu6g8analpILLS7j2S-kleBGZDKtrZ51zIK9khyphenhyphen/s1600/bare2.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;302&quot; data-original-width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;226&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-inIWkOWM5_vJrzZOWQEga4uKqo8dBt5_9Jv8EBY3DNm1schR5hXNQtrN-AIkK8AE7sBd8C3nR6bH1GZfzX0VKCJmL3WrfoVeH4A2Zu6g8analpILLS7j2S-kleBGZDKtrZ51zIK9khyphenhyphen/s320/bare2.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Untuk mencari modus
yaitu dengan cara , mengurutkan dulu terlebih dahulu , dari yang terkecil
hingga besar, dan cari nilai tengahnya .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Dan cara menghitung median lewat Ms.Excel yaitu dengan cara
, kalian ketik =median di kolom yang kosong , hbis itu blog nilai semua dan
lalu enter .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
3).Modus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
50,50,60,60,60,70,70,80,80,90&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1XSma6nQCECr4h1FsPhgXJIKj7xNXSs_EtEsuAqqTxA73_qa64KyxY0wCHwF20lItfOYCk4YDOhlPuyWYfpNZDAu7kMIEn1yKpHLb3BQy1q4F7OnF0OGFUjULMi8YMkBKIuwX9J2YCcxa/s1600/bare3.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;304&quot; data-original-width=&quot;391&quot; height=&quot;247&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1XSma6nQCECr4h1FsPhgXJIKj7xNXSs_EtEsuAqqTxA73_qa64KyxY0wCHwF20lItfOYCk4YDOhlPuyWYfpNZDAu7kMIEn1yKpHLb3BQy1q4F7OnF0OGFUjULMi8YMkBKIuwX9J2YCcxa/s320/bare3.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;Picture_x0020_3&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;
 margin-left:0;margin-top:-.05pt;width:188.7pt;height:146.7pt;z-index:-251657216;
 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;
 mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
 mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
 mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
 mso-position-vertical-relative:text&#39;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/Miracle/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;tight&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Modus itu ialah, nilai
yang sering muncul, yaitu 60.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
Cara menghitung
modus di Ms.Excel yaitu &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;&quot;&gt;
Klik colom
yang kosong, setelah itu ketik “ =mode dan klik atau blog nilai dan enter &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; width: 64px;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col style=&quot;width: 48pt;&quot; width=&quot;64&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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