natural gas and crude oil

The German natural gas reserves sufficient for 70 days full supply

2011-11-23T00:54:00.001-08:00

Hamburg. After the halt in supplies of Russian gas producer Gazprom to
Ukraine and the growing concern about possible repercussions in
Germany. Finally, gas with 22 percent of total energy consumption by
petroleum and coal, the third largest energy source in this country.
And Russia has a 35 percent share of Germany's total gas volume of the
largest importer. Another 24 percent come from Norway, 19 from the
Netherlands and six from Denmark and Great Britain. Only 16 percent of
the required amount of gas can be promoted within the country.

Five pipelines that pass through Ukraine, two are directly determined
for the country and now from Russia have been taken from the grid. The
remaining three are still in operation and provide Western Europe. The
Ukraine yesterday dismissed the allegation, the two-country gas now
illegal in the three still working on pipelines. The largest German
importer of Russian natural gas, Wintershall, told however, that the
volumes which einträfen in the Federal Republic, would have been
significantly reduced. This was also confirmed by the Ruhrgas AG.

"The supply of homes and the large consumers of natural gas is not at
risk," Wintershall spokesman Nicholas said the new evening paper.
"Most of our non-Russian gas comes via pipelines that pass through
Ukraine, but via the Yamal pipeline, which runs through Belarus and
Poland. And that is not affected," said New. Furthermore, Wintershall
have several suppliers and refer a lot of gas from the North Sea. "And
these contracts are so flexible that we can increase the quantities."

Security of supply would be ensured by the 43 German underground gas
storage. Can be even if all delivery routes should fail at once,
experts assume that the memory, the amounts of activated via a button
on your computer and run into the gas network, the supply could save
approximately 70 days. This was confirmed by Heino Elfert, editor of
industry journal "Energy Information Service" (EID). "There is no
cause for panic," he told the Evening Gazette and also pointed to the
flexible delivery

Also, the Hamburg-based supplier E.on Hanse Quickborn are you left.
"We have four suppliers and could fail if ever one should resort to
the other three," said spokeswoman Esther Seemann the evening paper.
The company also offers three fully stocked store in Brook Riding in
Hamburg, Mecklenburg Kraak and Ronne, near Kiel. "Even if all supplies
failed to materialize, we could provide our customers two months,"
said Sailor.

The Netherlands' largest gas producer Gasunie assured that he could
provide additional supplies Germany. However, the price could increase
if the supply exceeded the contractual framework, said a company
spokesman. The Federation of German Industries (BDI) said that prices
could tighten during the gas dispute. Example, if Ukraine would
require a return to Russian supply stop future higher transit fees.
"There will be no price jump," said Wolf pluge however, chief
executive of the Federal Association of German Gas and Water. Even so,
not because the gas price in Germany is coupled with a six-month delay
of the light fuel oil.

Will continue to build more expensive

2011-09-05T06:34:00.000-07:00

Building costs rose by 2.1 percent in July
Hammerschmied ditch Sell Jezek,

More about
Construction costs also go up in April
Construction costs rose less in March
Increase in construction costs has continued in February
From the archive
Construction mortgage costs continued to rise in August
Construction costs rose less in March
Construction costs fell in July for the second month in a row
Increase in construction costs has continued in February
Construction prices set in the first quarter clearly

Building has gone up again in July 2011. The cost of building the house and settlements increased by 2.1 percent. Compared to the previous month of June, the construction costs increased slightly by 0.1 percent, the Statistics Austria was announced on Tuesday.

In road construction costs increased in the years compared to 5.4 percent, in bridge construction by 4.0 percent. Previous month June 2011 showed both civil engineering divisions on a drop of 0.3 percent.

Also in July 2011, the increase in construction costs has been both high-and civil engineering mainly caused by rising prices in "mild steel", "fuels" and "bitumen".

steam gas hydrocarbon reforming

2010-08-08T07:11:00.001-07:00

28.7.2 Steam-Hydrocarbon Reforming
This is also an endothermic process. The reaction takes place inside catalyst-filled furnace tubes. Heat is supplied to the tubes by furnace
firing. Almost any hydrocarbon can be used—natural gas, propane, butane. The objective is to make hydrogen. Most of the world's hydrogen is produced in this way. Half the hydrogen comes from steam and the other half from hydrocarbons. All of the carbon in the feed is converted to CO2 and vented. How hydrogen powered cars for sale will help global warming, I do not grasp.
28.7.3 Alkylation
This is a very exothermic reaction. Iso-butane and light olefines react to form iso-octane, a gasoline blending component with a 100 octane. That's where the word "octane" comes from. Reaction takes place at 50°F, in a liquid phase of either H2SO4 or HF acid.
28.7.4 Polymerization
This is an old process using a solid bed of phosphoric acid. Reaction takes place in the vapor phase. Feed is normally propylene. Products are hexane and nonane. Polymerization is a very exothermic process.
28.7.5 Sweetening
This is slightly exothermic process. Mercaptains are converted to disulfides by adding air. Catalyst is a blue powder (Merox), which impregnates a bed of charcoal saturated with caustic. Converting ( Process Equipment ) mercaptains to disulfides reduces the bad smell of gasoline and jet
fuel. The process takes place at about 100°F. Sulfur content of the product is not changed.
28.7.6 White Oil Hydrogenation
Motor oil is hydrotreated at 3000 psig and 450 to 650°F to remove all aromatic compounds by contact with hydrogen. The resulting white oil is used for baby oil, mineral oil, and ladies' cosmetics. The white oil costs $3 per gallon to make and is sold for $30 an ounce in
face creams.

natural gas processing handbook

2010-06-29T01:13:00.000-07:00

A reference that every engineer, scientist, and researcher working in the natural gas industry must have. The book covers subject areas missed by other books on natural gas engineering and manufacturing that have emphasized mainly the upstream aspects. The emergence of natural gas in a global market underscores the importance of transmission and processing, and I highly recommend this book as a technical resource.

Understanding Today's Natural Gas Business

2010-02-04T02:16:00.000-08:00

Understanding Today's Natural Gas Businessis a a hundered and fifty-page detailed overview of the North American natural gas industry and offers an insider's perspective on the fast-paced and unpredictable business of natural gas. The subjects covered include natural gas origins, the physical system and how it's operated, market dynamics and players, risk management methods, an up-to-date look on today's regulatory environment, and many other issues.We are looking for a further book reviews on "Understanding Today's Natural Gas Business". Please contact us, if you can provide one.

Crude Power Book Review

2010-02-02T09:23:00.000-08:00

We are looking for a book review on "Crude Power" by Oystein Noreng.

If you can write a good book review for us this would be appreciated and presented here.

gas crude oil at technorati

2008-02-19T06:30:00.000-08:00

Technorati Profile

What Is Crude Oil

2008-01-28T06:34:00.000-08:00

What Is Crude Oil ?

There were few takers of the 19th century elixir that came to be called "snake oil." It was one of the less successful uses of petroleum, but not the first to claim healing properties. Ancient Persians, 10th century Sumatrans and pre-Columbian Indians all believed that crude oil had medicinal benefits. Marco Polo found it used in the Caspian Sea region to treat camels for mange, and the first oil exported from Venezuela (in 1539) was intended as a gout treatment for the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
The mysterious oil that sometimes seeped to the earth's surface had other uses as well. In Mesopotamia around 4000 B.C., bitumen - a tarry crude - was used as caulking for ships, a setting for jewels and mosaics, and an adhesive to secure weapon handles. Egyptians used it for embalming, and the walls of Babylon and the famed pyramids were held together with it. The Roman orator Cicero carried a crude-oil lamp. And, in North America, the Senecas and Iroquois used crude oil for body paint and for ceremonial fires.
Crude oil - as petroleum directly out of the ground is called - is a remarkably varied substance, both in its use and composition. It can be a straw-colored liquid or tar-black solid. Red, green and brown hues are not uncommon. The image of James Dean dripping with black oil from his Texas gusher in the 1956 movie "Giant" may have been compelling, but it's not descriptive of today's oil producers. For one thing, the days when a gusher signaled a big discovery are long gone. Since the 1930s, oil producers have used blowout preventers to stop gushers. In addition, not all crude oils behave in the Hollywood manner. Some flow about as well as cold peanut butter.
Until the late 19th century, an oil find often was met with disinterest or dismay. Pioneers who settled the American West dug wells to find water or brine, a source of salt; they were disappointed when they struck oil. ...

Read more.

Massive crude oil deposit found in Argentina

2008-01-27T03:39:00.000-08:00

...Massive crude oil deposit found in Argentina
Posted 11 hours 32 minutes ago
A joint Argentina-British Pan American Energy company has discovered a crude oil field in the southern province of Chubut, yielding an estimated 120 million barrels per year, local authorities said.
"It's the biggest oil deposit [found in Argentina] in decades," Chubut Governor Mario das Neves told reporters in provincial capital Rawson, 1,450 kilometres south of Buenos Aires.
He said the oil field was located in Chubu's central Escalante region, which years ago was uneventfully explored by US oil giant Amoco.
Pan America Energy, formed by Argentina's Bridas and Britain's British Petroleum, is Argentina's second-biggest crude oil producer....

Source

natural gas and oil for China

2008-01-25T03:50:00.000-08:00

...There are several constraints to China’s growth:
supply of resources like iron, lumber, agricultural land, lumber, potable water, mineral.
Energy sources: coal, electric power, oil, natural gas.
These resources are not just constrained by what is located in China, but as a worldwide resource. And transporting these to China will consume energy, adding to the problems.
Manpower: China’s growth in the last decade was mainly fueled with under employed manpower from rural areas. This source of manpower is now diminished. Drawing additional human resources from this is going to affect agricultural production. The aging population will also reduce this resource significantly in the next few decades, especially when those born after the war are retired...

Source.

natural gas crude oil

2008-01-23T12:24:00.000-08:00

Trade information on natural gas and crude oil comming here soon.