Nature Healer

Ganoderma Lucidum Fights Cancer Cells Researchers Say...

2010-06-04T20:12:00.000-07:00

Ganoderma Lucidum Fights Cancer Cells in Research...

GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT INHIBITS PROLIFERATION OF SW 480 HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS

J.T. Xie 1,2, C.Z. Wang 1,2, S. Wicks1,2, J.J. Yin 5, J. Kong3, J. Li3, Y.C. Li3, C.S. Yuan1,2,4,*

1Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
2Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
3Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
4Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
5Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, College Park, USA

Abstract. Aim: Ganoderma lucidum is a commonly used Chinese herb and an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulations for immune dysfunction related illnesses. The effects of this medicinal mushroom on human colorectal cancer cells have not yet been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract using SW 480 human colorectal cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Two different fractions of Ganoderma lucidum extract, i.e., a fraction containing mainly polysaccharides (GLE-1), and a triterpenoid fraction without polysaccharides (GLE-2) were analyzed. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Scavenging effects of DPPH radical were assessed using ESR-spectroscopy. Results: Our data showed that both GLE-1 and GLE-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW 480 cells. The inhibitory effect of GLE-2 was much stronger than that of GLE-1. GLE-1 inhibited DNA synthesis in the cells and reduced the formation of DPPH radicals. Conclusion: Ganoderma lucidum extract inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and possesses antioxidant properties.

Key Words: Ganoderma lucidum, colorectal cancer, SW 480, proliferation, reactive oxygen species, DPPH radicals.

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LA recherche coopérative sur GANODERMA LUCIDUM
(Zhi Ling / Reishi)

Le problème affinée par les travaux de recherche coopérative de l'Université médicale de Shanghai, Shanghai, en Chine et Wakan Shoyaku botanique Institute, Tokyo, Japon est que Ling Zhi(Reishi) a pour effet d'améliorer la microcirculation et l'amélioration de l'hémodynamique. Toutefois, il disait «Restos Reishi pendant une longue période pourrait faire l'aise personne et de prolonger la vie sans la sénilité »dans« Sheng Nong Ben Cao Jing »et« Ben Cao Gang Mu ".

* Confort signifie aucun symptôme.
prolonger la vie * sans la sénilité, c'est avoir une vie très longtemps.
Certes, il serait impossible s'il n'y avait pas une telle base de l'amélioration
microcirculation. Les données recueillies dans ce livre semble dans l'attente. Il a prouvé que Reishi (LZ) a augmenté hémodynamique de la microcirculation sanguine en diminuant la viscosité. Il ya non seulement les données de la recherche médicale, mais aussi celle des cliniques enquête. En outre, grâce aux efforts des enseignants de médecine de Shanghai Université, il a également prouvé que Reishi (LZ) a pour effet de compensation et les radicaux effet de deux voies de modulation immunitaire. J'ai payé cordialement attention durant les 17 dernières ans.

Le formulaire de résultat fructueux de la "recherche coopérative" me rend très heureux. Reishi,comme aliment, n'est pas un fait de la botanique aucun certificat scientifique Japon. Toutefois, comme une sorte de drogue quelques Reishi peut être utilisé comme botanique selon le
l'expérience acquise dans la médecine orientale, sans aucun effet secondaire.
"La recherche sur le Ganoderma lucidum, Part One» n'est pas seulement un symbole qui
elle avait fait un grand effort, mais aussi une base de plus de compréhension de la traditionnelle et
l'usage moderne de Reishi (LZ) dans la recherche continue à l'avenir.
La grande signification et le contenu riche de la médecine expérimentale et de la pharmacie
ont été énumérés par le présent livre. Les efforts et l'instruction des chercheurs à Shanghai
Université médicale serait vivement appréciée.
Je tiens à remercier le professeur et président Zhaoyou TANG, professeur et vice-
Président Shineng ZHU, Université médicale de Shanghai à nouveau pour leur amélioration et
le renforcement des activités de recherche. Je dis aussi Merci encore à M. Masaru
KOBAYASHI, président, Wakan Shoyaku botanique Institut pour sa gentillesse d'offrir
le grand soutien financier pour des travaux de recherche.
Masao MORI
Consultant académique,
Botanique Shoyaku Wakan
Tokyo, Japon
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
________________________________________________________________________
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la prolifération des lymphocytes
- Étude immunopharmacologique (1) ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Weimin Xu et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur Anticorps cellules productives et une réaction allergique
- Étude immunopharmacologique (2) ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .... ... ZHANG Luoxiu et al
Effets immunosuppressives de Ling Zhi chez les souris
- Étude immunopharmacologique (3) ... ... ... ... .. ... .... ONU Bing & ZHANG Luoxiu
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la phagocytose des macrophages et d'essais Liquidation particules de carbone
- Étude immunopharmacologique (4) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Luoxiu Zhang et al
Influence de Ling Zhi sur les cellules Natural Killer
- Étude immunopharmacologique (5) ... ... .. ... ... ... Luoxiu ZHANG & YU Mingyan
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la production d'interleukine-1 (IL-1)
- Étude immunopharmacologique (6) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Yongfeng AJI et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la production d'interleukine-2 (IL-2)
- Étude immunopharmacologique (7) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Luoxiu Zhang et al
Influence de Ling Zhi sur la production de facteur de nécrose tumorale (TNF)
- Étude immunopharmacologique (8) ... ... ... .... ... ... Luoxiu ZHANG & XIF Xuhei
Effets de Ling Zhi sur transplantés cardiaques hétérotopiques
- Étude immunopharmacologique (9) Luoxiu ... ... ... .... ZHANG & ZHAO Lianhua
Activité de Ling Zhi hépatoprotecteur
Luoxiu - Étude immunopharmacologique (10) ... ... .... ... .. ... .... .... ... Zhang et al
Effets de Ling Zhi le système hématopoïétique chez les souris
- Étude immunopharmacologique (11) .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Yongfeng AJI et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la vitalité sexuelle et la longévité chez la drosophile
MELANOGASTER ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... LI Huaiyi et al
Analgésiques, des effets sédatifs et promouvoir l'activité de la tolérance Ling Zhi chez la souris
... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Minghua JIANG et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur l'ulcère de stress chez la souris et son antagonisme à l'acétylcholine
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... .. HENG Zhanghua et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur la trachée Guinée-Pig isolés ... ... ... .... ... .. MIAO Yongsheng et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur les radicaux anion superoxyde ... ... ... ... .... ... ... Minghua Jiang et al
Effets anti-lipidique de la peroxydation Ling Zhi chez les souris ... ... ... ... ... .... .... PENG Hongli et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur des membranes Fluidité et Ghosts Capacité Refermer du Rat érythrocytaire
... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... Li Duan et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur l'activité superoxyde dismutase et de composants protéiques du taux de
Membranes érythrocytaires ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Li Duan et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur thrombose expérimentale de l'homme et la métamorphose des
Jueying WANG érythrocytaire ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. Et al
Effets de Ling Zhi sur les paramètres Hemorrheology et symptômes de l'hypertension
Les patients présentant une hyperlipidémie et les séquelles de thrombose cérébrale
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... CHENG Zhanghua et al
Ling Zhi - un immunomodulateur (Revue) ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ZHANG Luoxiu

GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LING ZHI REISHI ) CAN PROLONG LIFE SAY RESEARCHERS IN CHINA AND JAPAN...PART 1

2010-05-17T00:19:00.000-07:00

THE COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ON GANODERMA LUCIDUM
(Ling Zhi / Reishi )
The problem clarified by the cooperative research work of Shanghai Medical University,
Shanghai, China and Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute, Tokyo, Japan is that Ling Zhi
(Reishi) has the effect of improving microcirculation and enhancing hemodynamics.
However, it was saying “Eating Reishi for a long period might make person comfortable
and prolong the life without senility” in “Sheng Nong Ben Cao Jing” and “Ben Cao Gang
Mu”.

* Comfort means no symptom.
* Prolonging life without senility means having a long long life.
Certainly, it would be impossible if there were no such basis of improving
microcirculation. The data collected in this book seems in expectation. It has proved that
Reishi (LZ) increased hemodynamics in microcirculation by decreasing the blood
viscosity. There are not only the data in medical research but also that of clinical
investigation. In addition, with the efforts of the teachers of Shanghai Medical
University, it has also proved that Reishi (LZ) has the effect of clearing radicals and the
effect of two-way immune modulation. I have paid cordially attention for the past 17
years. The fruitful result form the “Cooperative Research” makes me very excited.
Reishi could only be a food not a botany because of no scientific certificate in
Japan. However, as a few kind of drug Reishi might be used as a botany according to the
past experience in Eastern Medicine without any side effect.
“The Research on Ganoderma Lucidum, Part One” is not only a symbol to which
it had made a great effort, but also a basis of more understanding the traditional and
modern usage of Reishi (LZ) in the continuing research in future.
The great significance and rich contents of experimental medicine and pharmacy
were listed by this book. The efforts and instruction of the researchers in Shanghai
Medical University would be appreciated very much.
I would like to thank Professor and President Zhaoyou TANG, Professor and Vice
President Shineng ZHU, Shanghai Medical University again for their enhancing and
strengthening of the search work. I also say many thanks again to Mr. Masaru
KOBAYASHI, President, Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute for his kindness of providing
the big financial support for research work.
Masao MORI
Academic Consultant,
Wakan Shoyaku Botany
Tokyo, Japan
CONTENTS
________________________________________________________________________
Effects of Ling Zhi on Lymphocyte Proliferation
— Immunopharmacological Study (1)…………..…………………XU Weimin et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Antibody Productive Cells and Allergic Reaction
— Immunopharmacological Study (2)…………..…..…..….…ZHANG Luoxiu et al
Immune Suppressive Effects of Ling Zhi in Mice
— Immunopharmacological Study (3)…………..…….UN Bing & ZHANG Luoxiu
Effects of Ling Zhi on Macrophage Phagocytosis and Carbon Particles Clearance Test
— Immunopharmacological Study (4)………………………...ZHANG Luoxiu et al
Influence of Ling Zhi on Natural Killer Cells
— Immunopharmacological Study (5)……..……...ZHANG Luoxiu & YU Mingyan
Effects of Ling Zhi on the Production of Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
— Immunopharmacological Study (6)…………………………...JIA Yongfeng et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on the Production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
— Immunopharmacological Study (7)………………………...ZHANG Luoxiu et al
Influence of Ling Zhi on the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
— Immunopharmacological Study (8)………….……ZHANG Luoxiu & XIE Xuhei
Effects of Ling Zhi on Cardiac Heterotopic Transplanation
— Immunopharmacological Study (9)……….…ZHANG Luoxiu & ZHAO Lianhua
Hepatoprotective Activity of Ling Zhi
— Immunopharmacological Study (10)……….…..…….….…ZHANG Luoxiu et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Hemopoietic System in Mice
— Immunopharmacological Study (11)….………………………JIA Yongfeng et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Sex Vitality and Longevity in DROSOPHILA
MELANOGASTER…………….……………………………………….….LI Huaiyi et al
Analgesic, Sedative Effects and Promoting Tolerance Activity of Ling Zhi in Mouse
…………………….…………………………………………………JIANG Minghua et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Stress Ulcer in Mice and Its Antagonism to Acetylcholine
……………………………………………………….………….…..HENG Zhanghua et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Isolated Guinea-Pig Trachea………….…..MIAO Yongsheng et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Superoxide Anion Radicals…………….…...JIANG Minghua et al
Anti-Lipid Peroxidative Effects of Ling Zhi in Mice……………….….PENG Hongli et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Membranes Fluidity and Ghosts Reseal Ability of Rat Erythrocyte
…….…...…………………………………….…………………………….…LI Duan et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Protein Components of Rate
Erythrocyte Membranes……..…………….…………………………………LI Duan et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Experimental Thrombosis and Metamorphosis of Human
Erythrocyte…………….……………………………………………..WANG Jueying et al
Effects of Ling Zhi on Hemorrheology Parameters and Symptoms of Hypertension
Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Sequelae of Cerebral Thrombosis
………………………………………..……..…………………….CHENG Zhanghua et al

REGARDING TO THE MATERIAL LING ZHI ( REISHI ) USED IN
EXPERIMENTS
“The Cooperative Scientific Research on Botany Ling Zhi (Reishi)” accomplished
by Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, China and Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute,
Tokyo, Japan started in 1989. The total material Ling Zhi (Reishi) including seeds,
powder and its extract was produced in the special Reishi cultivated farm and was
provided by Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute. It should be declared that the material
Reishi used in the experiments were taken randomly from the original material produced
in the Institute without and special ways.
The brief introduction of Reishi cultivated farm:
Tumagoi-Mura Farm, Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute
The first farm 9 900m² The second farm 13 000m² Total 22 900m²
(Located in Imai-Sennoiri, Tumagoi-Mura, Agatuma-Gun, Gunma, Tapan)
Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute is the biggest Reishi (LZ) produced and
researched organization in Japan. It includes 60 cultivated warm rooms, original wood
cultivated building, seeds dried building. Besides, there are general cultivated building
and office building with water cleared apparatus, big sterilized equipment and other
instruments.
The cultivated farm is located at the altitude of 1 030 meters above sea level. It is
a natural environment with little changed whether, good quality of water, fresh air and
getting the original wood at that place. It is benefit to the cultivation and treatment of
Reishi (LZ). The condition of original Reishi (LZ) produced with stable quality is
ensured in the farm. In addition, with the cultivated technique researched and created in
many years Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute had the patent of management and
cultivation of sustaining the activity of original bacterial strain. All these might
guarantee the stable quality.

Effects of Ling Zhi on Lymphocyte Proliferation
— Immunopharmacological Study (1)
XU Weimin ZHANG Luoxiu MIAO Honghua
Abstract The study was to evaluate the process of lymphocyte
proliferation induced by the hot water extract of Ling Zhi (LZ, Ganoderma
Lucidum, Fr. Karst) cultivated in Tokyo, Japan. It was examined by assessing
the effect of LZ on ³H-TdR uptaken by cultured spleen cells alone or in the
presence of Con-A or Lps. LZ 300 mg/kg po. qd. x 10 in vivo or 10 ~ 500
μg/ml alone in vitro stimulated lymphocytes proliferation directly, but 1 000
μg/ml of LZ inhibited. The activity of frozen thawed part was stronger than
that of soluble part. The effect of LZ on lymphocyte proliferation induced by
Con A resulted in diverse regulatory activity. It was mainly related to both
concentrations of Con A and LZ. In general, LZ stimulated lymphocyte
proliferation in the presence of suboptimal concentration of Con A (0.625
μg/ml) and depressed when the cells were highly activated by optimal
concentration of Con A (2.5 μg/ml) in a concentration dependent fashion.
LZ antagonized the activity of cyclophosphamide and promoted the
lymphocyte proliferation in the immunosuppressed mice induced by
cyclophosphamide. However, LZ had no stimulative activity on lymphocyte
proliferation induced by Lps in vitro or in vivo. It implied that B cells may
have different mechanism from T cells to interact with LZ.
Key words Ling Zhi (LZ, Ganoderma Lucidum, Fr. Karst); Lymphocyte
proliferation

The fungus Ling Zhi (LZ, Ganoderma Lucidum, Fr. Karst) exhibits wide
pharmacological effects and has been used as a health protective drug for a long time.
However, the investigation of LZ on immune system was rare and the mechanism was
poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LZ on lymphocyte
proliferation.
Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, China
Materials and Methods
Animals
Kunming mice, male, 18 ~ 22 g, were supplied by the Animal Center, Shanghai
Medical University.
Reagents
The hot water extract of LZ was provided by Wakan Shoyaku Botany Institute,
Tokyo, Japan. A certain amount of LZ extract was grinded and dissolved in normal
saline containing 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) shaken in 80ºC water
bath for 4h. This suspension was used for in vivo study. For in vitro study, a little
amount (about 10mg) of LZ extract was dissolved in normal saline and rotated slowly in 80ºC
water bath for 2h then centrifugated 1 600 rpm 10 min. The supernatant was kept at 4ºC until
study. Before experiment this solution was diluted to desire concentration. It was named as
soluble part (Part A). When LZ was dissolved and shaken in 80ºC water bath then rapidly frozen
(-30ºC) and thawed (37ºC) 3 times, it was named as frozen thawed part (Part B).
PRMI-1640 was purchased from GIBCO Co. It contained Hepes 15 mM, Penicillin 100
U/ml, Streptomycin 100 μg/ml, NCS 10%, 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) 5 x 10¯5 mmol, pH 7.3.
Con A, S were purchased from Sigma Co.
³H-TdR was provided by Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences and the specific activity was 1 100 GBq. Mmol.
Lymphocyte proliferation in vitro (1)
Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the spleens were removed with sterile
technique. The spleen cells were collected after passing through a nylon screen and red blood
cells in the cell suspension were hemolyzed with distilled water for 30 s, then osmoregulated.
After washing with RPMI-1640 for 3 times the cells were seeded into each well of 90-well
microplate and various concentrations of LZ and Con A or LPS were added in alone or
combination. The plates were cultured at 30ºC with 5% CO2 in a humidified atmosphere for 48 h.
For the last 6 h each well as pulsed with 9.25 kBq ³H-TdR. The cells were harvested using a
multiple automatic sample harvester onto a fibroglass filter paper which was then dried and the
radioactivity incorporated were counted by a liquid scintillation counter. All counts/min values
shown were the mean of triplicate sample ± SD. Statistical analysis was carried out by student’s
test.
Mitogenic activity of LZ in vivo(2)
Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. The mice in control group were given 0.2%
CMC 0.5 ml po. qd. x 10 and treated group with LZ 300 mg/kg po. qd. x 10. The spleen cells
were prepared as mentioned above.
The effects of LZ on immunosuppressed mice
40 mice were divided into 4 groups randomly. The mice in control group were given 0.2%
CMC 0.5 ml po. qd. x 10. In cyclophosphamide (CYA) group, mouse were taken CYA 10 mg/kg
ip. qod. x 2, q3d x 2. The mice of LZ groups were given LZ 150, 300 mg./kg, po. Combined
with CYA 10 mg/kg, ip. qd. x 2, qod. x 2 respectively. The spleen cells were prepared as the
same technique mentioned above.
Results
Effect of LZ on lymphocytes proliferation in vitro
In vitro, LZ alone stimulated the ³H-TdR uptake at 1 ~ 500 μg/ml (Part A) and at 1 ~ 10 μg/ml
(Part B) without mitogen. And turned to inhibition at right concentration. The activity of Part B
was stronger than that of Part A. Part B inhibited lymphocyte proliferation at less concentration
(Tab. 1-1).
Tab. 1-1 Effect of LZ alone on proliferation of lymphocytes in vitro
LZ cpm / 1 x 106 cells
(μg/ml) Part A Part B
0
1
10
100
500
1 000
2 991 ± 445
3 744 ± 529
5 997 ± 699**
8 054 ± 1 013**
7 668 ± 1 181**
1 126 ± 156**
2 991 ± 445
11 208 ± 554**
10 532 ± 1 301**
1 595 ± 18*
1 552 ± 264*
499 ± 48**
Part A: soluble part; Part B: frozen thawed part; X ± SD; n = 3;
*P<0.05,>599 μg/ml) resulted in inhibitive effect (Tab. 1-2, Fig. 1-1).
When the lymphocytes were highly activated by optimal concentration of Con A (2.5 μg/ml)
LZ mainly expressed an inhibitive activity.
The activity of LZ was in the middle between two conditions mentioned above when
lymphocytes were stimulated by Con A (1.25 μg/ml).
Tab. 1-2 Effect of LZ on ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro
LZ cpm / 1 x 106 cells
(μg/ml) ConA 0.625 μg/ml ConA 1.25 μg/ml ConA 2.5 μg/ml
Part A 0
1
10
100
500
1 000
Part B 1
10
100
500
1 000
3 589 ± 44
5 886 ± 3 020
13 366 ± 5 955*
19 788 ± 4 285**
9 375 ± 1 677*
984 ± 117**
16 546 ± 3 217**
15 944 ± 4 801*
7 407 ± 585**
4 196 ± 460
685 ± 28**
19 559 ± 3 087
35 293 ± 9 642
19 954 ± 8 656
16 944 ± 6 768
4 948 ± 2 044**
764 ± 166**
20 509 ± 4 701
61 059 ± 5 666**
56 432 ± 7 227**
4 512 ± 470**
1 918 ± 98**
69 991 ± 1 894
58 956 ± 12 175
38 487 ± 2 523**
28 640 ± 10 150**
15 496 ± 1 254**
4 732 ± 832**
26 034 ± 7 193**
35 337 ± 13 165*
17 476 ± 2 351**
16 996 ± 4 123**
7 347 ± 825**
Part A: soluble part; Part B: frozen thawed part; X ± SD; n = 3; *P<0.05, n=" 3;" n =" 3;" n="3;" n =" 9" acetone =" 3" v="VL-VR" n="6~7;"> 0.05 when compared with control.
Effect of LZ on DTH test
It was found that LZ 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the SRBC induced DTH
reaction at 24 h after antigen challenge. CYA 10 mg/kg ip. qd. x 8 also inhibited DTH
reaction (P < 4w =" WL" n =" 10;"> 0.05 Compared with control. n = 5
Lymphocyte proliferation
T lymphocyte proliferation induced by 5 μg/ml Con A was suppressed by LZ in vivo
(Tab. 3-3).
Tab. 3-3 Lymphocyte proliferation in vivo (cpm)
Group Dose (mg/kg) Con A 5 μg/ml Without mitogen
Control
LZ I
LZ II
CYA
0.2% CMC
125
250
200
9 166 ± 4 578ΔΔΔ
3 052 ± 1 585**
4 115 ± 716**
1 626 ± 533***
1 116 ± 200
**P<0.05, n =" 10" ns =" 1:2." a =" 3√k" n =" 4;" n =" 4;" n =" 5;" cytotoxicity =" cpmcom" release =" cpmtotal" release =" cpmtotal" n="3;" n =" 4" n =" 4;" n =" 4;" n =" 3;" t =" 100" n="3;" t =" 100" n="3;" n =" 3;" n =" 3;" n =" 3;" n =" 4;" n="4;" n =" 4;" n =" 4;" n =" 4;" n="4" n =" 4;" n="4;􀁕􀁕􀁕P<0.01" n="4;**P<0.05"> 95%) were seeded in 96 well plates and cultured at 37°C 5%
CO2 for 20 h (final 200 μl/well). Triplicate wells were used for each experimental
condition. At intervals, plates were removed from incubator and medium was removed
by rapid decantation. 100 μl of RPMI – 1640 medium containing actinomycin D yielding
a final concentration of 1 μg/ml. Plates were similarly reincubated for 20 h followed by
removal of culture supernatants and staining with 0.5% crystal violet for 20 min. Rinsed
and dried plates were enumerated by measuring absorbance at 590 nm on Elisa
autoreador.
% cytotoxicity was calculated using the formula:
% cytotoxicity = ODcon ─ ODtest ODcon x 100%
ODcon = absorbance in control well
ODtest = absorbance at a particular dilution of test sample.
TNF (U/ml): a unit is defined on that amount of cytotoxin necessary to cause 50%
destruction of the cell-culture.
Results
The effect of LZ on the growth of L929 cells
As shown in Tab. 8-1 LZ 1 ~ 100 μg/ml had no significant influence on the growth
of L929 cells.
Tab. 8-1 Effect of LZ on L929 cells activity
Drug Dose
(μg/ml) OD
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
1
10
100
0.380 ± 0.02
0.357 ± 0.015
0.370 ± 0.036
0.363 ± 0.021
Note: Dilution of LZ was 1 : 20 L929 cells seeded density was 5 x 104 / well. X ± SD; n = 3
The effect of LZ on γTNF mediated cytotoxicity on tumor cells
Tab. 8-2 indicated that 5U of γTNF resulted in 76.3% of cytotoxicity. Addition of
LZ 1 ~ 100 μg/ml to the cultures with 5U of γTNF showed that LZ had no effect on the
cytotoxic activity of 5U γTNF.
Tab. 8-2 Effect of LZ on the reaction of L929 cells to γTNF
Drug Dose
(μg/ml)
γTNF
(U) γTNF cytotoxicity %
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
1
10
100
5
5
5
5
76.3 ± 1.3
75.6 ± 0
74.8 ± 3.4
77.0 ± 5.6
Note: Dilution of drug was 1 : 20. L929 collected density was 5 x 104 / well.
Result expressed as cytotoxicity %, X ± SD; n = 3
LZ stimulated the production of TNF from murine peritoneal macrophages
Tab. 8-3, 8-4 and Fig. 8-1 showed that LZ 0.01 ~ 1 μg/ml stimulated murine
peritoneal macrophages to produce TNF in a concentration dependent fashion. Higher
concentration of LZ (100 μg/ml) resulted in an inhibitive activity. Unfiltered LZ solution
showed a stronger stimulative activity to produce TNF than filtered LZ solution in vitro.
Tab. 8-3 Effect of LZ (unfiltered preparation ) on TNF production
OD
Drug Dose Dilution of test supernatant
(μg/ml) 1 : 40
1 : 80 1 : 160
TNF production
(U/ml)
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.137 ± 0.015
0.150 ± 0
0.133 ± 0.006
0.120 ± 0
0.143 ± 0.025
0.147 ± 0.006
0.210 ± 0.01
0.170 ± 0.01*
0.177 ± 0.006*
0.180 ± 0.02
0.173 ± 0.015
0.207 ± 0.015
0.260 ± 0.01
0.210 ± 0.017*
0.220 ± 0.01*
0.200 ± 0.026*
0.207 ± 0.012**
0.247 ± 0.015
63.4 ± 2.1
89.9 ± 6.01*
86.7 ± 4.0*
103.8 ± 5.3**
93.9 ± 6.0**
61.8 ± 2.5
Notes: OD of control well (only AntiD.): 0.363 ± 0.006
Control NS. X ± SD; n = 3; *P<0.05; **P<0.01, compared with control
Tab. 8-4 Effect of LZ (filtered preparation ) on TNF production
OD
Drug Does Dilution of test supernatant
(μg/ml) 1 : 40
1 : 80 1 : 160 1 : 320
TNF
production
(U/ml)
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.347 ± 0.025
0.330 ± 0.017
0.323 ± 0.015
0.263 ± 0.012*
0.283 ± 0.024*
0.350 ± 0.01
0.420 ± 0.053
0.473 ± 0.047
0.463 ± 0.02
0.420 ± 0.035
0.390 ± 0.035
0.507 ± 0.04
0.473 ± 0.015
0.540 ± 0.062
0.503 ± 0.02
0.493 ± 0.025
0.517 ± 0.04
0.650 ± 0.017
0.493 ± 0.07
0.623 ± 0.03
0.590 ± 0.053
0.603 ± 0.05
0.610 ± 0.06
64.8 ± 6.8
55.2 ± 3.1
60.3 ± 3.8
81.7 ± 3.9*
79.4 ± 3.8*
48.4 ± 1.7*
Notes: OD of control well (only AntiD.): 0.787 ± 0.015
Control NS. X ± SD; n = 3; *P<0.05, compared with control
125
75
50
25
100
control
TNF production (U/ml)
Ling Zhi concentration (μg/ml)
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Fig. 8-1 Effects of unfiltered ( 􀁊 􀁊 ) or filtered ( 􀁆 ) LZ on the Lps-indused release of TNF from
5% TG-primed macrophages
X
±SD; n=3;*P<0.05; **P<0.01 compared with control
**
*
**
*
**
*
**
The effect of pretreatment of macrophages with LZ
Then we examined the effect of preincubation of macrophages with LZ on the
production of TNF. Macrophages were incubated with LZ (0.01 ~ 100 μg/ml) or without
of LZ for 8 h, then the medium were removed, cells were washed and reincubated with
LPS 10 μg/ml at 37°C for 24 h. The TNF activity of tested supernatants were assayed.
Tab. 8-5 showed that preincubation of macrophages with LZ slightly increased the
activity of TNF.
Tab. 8-5 Effect of preincubation with LZ on release of TNF
Drug Dose
(μg/ml) TNF cytotoxicity (%)
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
45.6 ± 2.5
57.5 ± 5.9*
47.8 ± 2.5
57.2 ± 2.5**
53.9 ± 1.9*
51.1 ± 3.8
Note: 5% TG-primed macrophages (from 2.5 x 106 /ml PECS) incubation with drug for 8 h. Thereafter,
cells were washed to remove drug and fresh medium containing 10 μg/ml Lps was added. Then incubating
for 24 hours, tested supernatant diluted to 1 : 160.
X ± SD; n = 3; *P<0.05; **P<0.01, compared with control
Effect of LZ on TNF production in vivo
Tab. 8-6, Fig. 8-2 indicated that LZ 100, 200, 300 mg/kg po. qd. x 14 stimulated the
level of TNF in serum of BCG primed and Endotoxin treated mice.
Tab. 8-6 Effect of LZ on TNF production in vivo
Drug Dose
(μg/ml) TNF cytotoxicity (%)
Control
LZ
LZ
LZ
─
100
200
300
2.90 ± 1.2
50.0 ± 7.5**
40.0 ± 9.9**
26.5 ± 8.9*
Note: Serum were diluted to 1 : 1000 and tested
LZ: po. qd. x 14; 0.2% CMC: po. qd. x 14
X ± SD; n = 3; *P<0.05; **P<0.01, compared with control
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.4
1 : 1000
Dilution of serrum containing TNF
control 0.2%CMC P.O. qd X 14
LZ 200mg/kg -1 P.O .qd X 14 LZ 300mg/kg P.O. qd X 14
LZ 100mg/kg P.O. qd X 14
1 : 2000 1 : 4000
Fig. 8-2 Effects of LZ on TNF production in vivo
X
±SD; n=3;*P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control
OD
**
*
**
**
**
*
*
Discussion
Since TNF has been widely noticed, several investigators have developed in vitro
cell cytotoxicity assays for TNF. Flick et al compared four published in vitro assays
which measured cell cytotoxicity of TNF(4). These included determination of residual cell
number by crystal violet staining in the presence and absence of Actinomycin D, lack of
viability as determined by neutral red uptake and ³H-Thymine release in cytotoxin treated
L929 cells. Flick compared these methods and discovered that treatment of L929 cells with
Actinomycin D followed by crystal violet staining was the most sensitive method
measured. We set up this method of assay TNF activity. We observed various
conditions, L929 cell density, the amount of TG, the dosage cause of Actinomycin D and
the mice strain. We found that crystal violet culture was a sensitive and repeatable assay.
Addition of Actinomycin D to the cell cultures greatly enhanced killing and shortens the
necessary incubation time to 20 h. We used this method for all the experiments.
From this study it was shown that LZ enhanced the production of TNF in vitro. LZ
itself had no direct cytotoxic activity against L929 cells. There was less pronounce
synergistic activity between LZ and γTNF under this condition. However LZ increased
the TNF production both in vitro and in vivo. Even preincubation of macrophages with
LZ for 8 h promoted the production of TNF. We have reported that LZ stimulated
macrophage phagocytosis and enhanced the carbon particles clearance activity. Now we
further demonstrated that LZ elevated macrophage activity to increase the capacity of the
host defense mechanism against cancer and infection diseases through indirect
mechanism.
One must emphasize that from the in vitro study we can see LZ modulated TNF
production form 0.01 ~ 1 μg/ml LZ stimulated TNF release but higher concentration (100
μg/ml) resulted in an inhibitive activity. This further demonstrated LZ played a role as an
immunomodulator.

ABC NEWS REPORT ON RED REISHI MUSHROOM MAGIC POWER

2010-05-15T06:51:00.000-07:00

The Next Millionaires in the Wellness Industry with Paul Zane Pilzer

2010-05-11T20:13:00.000-07:00

BECOME A HEALTHY COFFEE GOLD DIGGER ...

2010-05-03T09:41:00.000-07:00

Les champignons médicinaux et Cancer

2010-05-03T07:23:00.000-07:00

"Les champignons médicinaux: leurs propriétés thérapeutiques et actuelle usage médical avec un accent particulier sur les traitements contre le cancer."

Auteurs

JOHN SMITH E MSc PhD DSc BSc FRSE FIBiol
Professeur émérite de microbiologie appliquée de l'Université de Strathclyde
Conseiller scientifique en chef, Ltd MycoBiotech, Singapour

NEIL ROWAN J MSc PhD BSc MIFST MIBiol
Professeur, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Strathclyde

BSc SULLIVAN RICHARD MD PhD
Directeur des programmes cliniques, Cancer Research UK

Introduction

Beaucoup d'agents disponibles le cancer anti-actuellement sont dérivés sous forme de produits naturels, par exemple pour le paclitaxel (Taxol), et de la camptothécine (Hycamtin) parmi tant d'autres.En 2000, le professeur Gordon McVie, directeur général de la campagne de recherche sur le cancer (désormais Cancer Research UK) et le professeur John Smith de l'Université de Strathclyde à Glasgow pour discuter du rôle des champignons médicinaux dans le traitement du cancer. La CRC avait pris conscience que ces produits naturels ont été largement utilisés dans l'Extrême-Orient que les aliments fonctionnels (compléments alimentaires) et comme une source pour la production de médicaments de qualité pharmaceutique pour traiter une grande variété de maladies, y compris le cancer. La gamme importante de médicaments espèces de champignons à partir de laquelle différents composés bioactifs peuvent être dérivées suggéré que le champignon humble pourrait être une source d'agents anti-cancer roman.

Cette monographie est un aperçu détaillé de ce sujet de la technologie de culture, l'extraction et la chimie des composés bioactifs médicinales des champignons à l'évidence clinique qui suggère un rôle important dans la thérapeutique du cancer, et d'autres grandes maladies.

Télécharger la monographie

La monographie est disponible pour téléchargement sur un chapitre par chapitre en tant que documents PDF. Si vous n'avez pas une copie du logiciel Adobe Acrobat, vous pouvez télécharger une copie de leur site Web à l'adresse www.adobe.com / products / acrobat / readstep.html . Si vous éprouvez des difficultés à télécharger la monographie - certaines sections sont tout à fait grande partie grâce à des images de haute qualité - s'il vous plaît communiquer avec le Cancer Research UK via le courriel ou les détails de téléphone ci-dessous pour obtenir une copie sur CD.

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Guide des Champignons Reishi

2010-05-03T07:12:00.000-07:00

Qu'est-ce que Reishi?

Red Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), communément connu sous le nom de Ling Zhi en chinois, est un champignon à base de plantes connues pour avoir des prestations de santé miraculeuse.

Alors, quel est donc bien dans le reishi rouge?

Il est non-toxique et peut être pris quotidiennement, sans produire d'effets secondaires.
Quand il est pris de façon régulière, il peut redonner au corps son état naturel, permettant à tous les organes de fonctionner normalement.
modulation du système immunitaire - réglemente et précise du système immunitaire.

Quels sont les avantages de Reishi?

Red Reishi améliore
la fonction hépatique

Red Reishi est principalement composé de glucides complexes appelées polysaccharides solubles dans l'eau, triterpeniods, protéines et acides aminés. Les chercheurs ont identifié que les polysaccharides solubles dans l'eau sont les éléments les plus actifs dans Red Reishi qui ont anti-tumorale, la modulation immunitaire et effets hypotenseurs.

Un autre ingrédient actif important dans Red Reishi sont des triterpènes, appelés acides ganoderic. études préliminaires ont montré que les acides ganoderic aider à soulager les allergies commun par inhibition de la libération d'histamine, d'améliorer l'utilisation d'oxygène et d'améliorer les fonctions du foie. Triterpènes sont amères au goût et au niveau de la teneur en triterpènes contenus dans un produit peut être déterminée par l'amertume.

Red Reishi améliorer notre corps
système immunitaire

La consommation régulière de Reishi rouge peut améliorer le système immunitaire de notre corps et d'améliorer la circulation du sang, améliorant ainsi de meilleures conditions sanitaires.En règle générale, Reishi est recommandé comme un adaptogène, modulateur immunitaire, et un tonique général. Red Reishi est également utilisé pour aider à traiter l'anxiété, l'hypertension artérielle, l'hépatite, la bronchite, l'insomnie et l'asthme. Une liste complète des avantages déclarés peuvent être trouvés ici [1].

Est-il prouvé?

Un nombre considérable d'études au Japon, en Chine, Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni au cours des 30 dernières années ont montré que la consommation de Red Reishi a été liée au traitement d'une vaste gamme de maladies, les affections communes, et les conditions. De l'asthme au zona, les applications de Red Reishi semblent être liées à une multitude d'organes et systèmes.

Cependant, la plupart de la recherche scientifique qui a été mené semble fortement appuyer le rôle de Reishi rouge comme une substance normalisation - un complément alimentaire qui peut apporter des avantages médicaux grâce à sa normalisation et la réglementation des organes du corps et des fonctions.

Le rôle de Red Reishi dans le maintien de saines habitudes de vie peuvent être mieux expliqué par la médecine traditionnelle chinoise (MTC) point de vue, car aucun des composants connus actifs pris isolément est plus efficace que la consommation de Reishi lui-même. Alors que la médecine occidentale se concentre sur la «guérison» après que la maladie a déjà eu lieu, TCM, établi par plus de 2.000 années d'observation de l'homme, met l'accent sur la prévention des maladies, en soutenant le juste équilibre dans le corps par une bonne alimentation, l'exercice et la méditation. Reishi est une plante adaptogène important en médecine traditionnelle chinoise en aidant l'organisme à maintenir cet équilibre et rétablir l'équilibre quand on est malade. Pour les études scientifiques effectuées sur Reishi s'il vous plaît voir la recherche[2] ou les articles [3] de l'article.

Toutes les informations sur ce site sont fournis à titre informatif seulement. En aucun cas, toute information présentée ici vise à remplacer les conseils fournis par votre médecin ou votre fournisseur de soins de santé. Vous ne devez pas utiliser toutes les informations contenues dans notre site à l'auto-diagnostiquer ou traiter personnellement aucun problème médical ou d'une maladie ou prescrire les médicaments. Si vous avez ou soupçonnez que vous avez une condition médicale, vous êtes priés de communiquer avec votre fournisseur de soins de santé immédiatement.

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The Power of Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments

2010-05-03T06:33:00.000-07:00

Medicinal Mushrooms and Cancer" border="0" height="48" />

"Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments."

Authors

JOHN E SMITH BSc MSc PhD DSc FIBiol FRSE
Emeritus Professor of Applied Microbiology, University of Strathclyde
Chief Scientific Officer, MycoBiotech Ltd, Singapore

NEIL J ROWAN BSc MSc PhD MIBiol MIFST
Lecturer, Department of Bioscience, University of Strathclyde

RICHARD SULLIVAN BSc MD PhD
Head of Clinical Programmes, Cancer Research UK

Introduction

Many of the currently available anti-cancer agents are derived form natural products, for instance paclitaxel (Taxol), and camptothecin (Hycamtin) amongst many others. In 2000 Professor Gordon McVie, Director-General of the Cancer Research Campaign (now Cancer Research UK) and Professor John Smith of University of Strathclyde met in Glasgow to discuss the role of medicinal mushrooms in the treatment of cancer. The CRC had become aware that these natural products were being used extensively in the Far East as nutriceuticals (dietary supplements) and as a source for the generation of pharmaceutical-grade medicines to treat a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. The substantial range of medicinal mushroom species from which different bioactive compounds can be derived suggested that the humble mushroom could be a source of novel anti-cancer agents.

This monograph is a comprehensive overview of this subject from the technology of cultivation, extraction and chemistry of medicinal mushroom bioactive compounds to the clinical evidence that suggests an important therapeutic role in cancer, and other major diseases.

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Ganoderma Lucidum Fights Cancer Cells in Research...

2010-05-03T06:28:00.000-07:00


GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT INHIBITS PROLIFERATION OF SW 480 HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS

J.T. Xie ^1,2, C.Z. Wang ^1,2, S. Wicks^1,2, J.J. Yin ⁵, J. Kong³, J. Li³, Y.C. Li³, C.S. Yuan^1,2,4,*

¹Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
²Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
³Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
⁴Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
⁵Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, College Park, USA

Abstract. Aim: Ganoderma lucidum is a commonly used Chinese herb and an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulations for immune dysfunction related illnesses. The effects of this medicinal mushroom on human colorectal cancer cells have not yet been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract using SW 480 human colorectal cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Two different fractions of Ganoderma lucidum extract, i.e., a fraction containing mainly polysaccharides (GLE-1), and a triterpenoid fraction without polysaccharides (GLE-2) were analyzed. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and ³H-thymidine incorporation assay. Scavenging effects of DPPH radical were assessed using ESR-spectroscopy. Results: Our data showed that both GLE-1 and GLE-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW 480 cells. The inhibitory effect of GLE-2 was much stronger than that of GLE-1. GLE-1 inhibited DNA synthesis in the cells and reduced the formation of DPPH radicals. Conclusion: Ganoderma lucidum extract inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and possesses antioxidant properties.

Key Words: Ganoderma lucidum, colorectal cancer, SW 480, proliferation, reactive oxygen species, DPPH radicals.

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Language:

[full text] http://www.exp-oncology.com.ua/download/490.pdf

The Power of the Japanese Red Reishi Mushroom

2010-05-03T06:20:00.000-07:00

Reishi Extract and Arthritis
30 September 2009
by Dr. Markho Rafael
Reishi extract has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat arthritis and other forms of inflammation for over 2,000 years. Also commonly known
by its Latin name as “Ganoderma,” or Chinese “Ling Zhi,” Reishi is by far the most searched medicinal mushroom on the Internet with over 200,000
searches per month. And although it may not be the panacea (”cure-all”) that some hold it to be, the fact that modern research confirms it as an inflammation
modulator may help explain why it has long been heralded as such in the Orient.
In fact, Chinese medical practitioners have been prescribing Reishi extract for ages in cases of arthritis, bronchitis and other conditions involving any type of
inflammation. Modern research in Asia as well as in America and Europe confirm the validity of these uses. Out of 19 papers used for this article, 17 reported
positive results in the use or Reishi extract for arthritis. Only two were studies were inconclusive, both of which were conducted by the same research team.
(1,2)
Regarding anti-inflammatory properties in general, a study out of India (2003) demonstrated that Reishi decreased inflammation in cases of acute or chronic
edema by 56% and 60% respectively. (3) An earlier American study (1993) had already shown that, water extracts of G. pentaphyllum and G. lucidum
[Reishi] were found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. (4) In the references are seven additional papers listed which all conclude that Reishi
(Ganoderma lucidum) possesses potent anti-inflammatory qualities. (5,6,7,8,9,10,11)
Other research has been conducted on Reishi extract that relate specifically to arthritis. In 2006, Kenneth Blum et al. published findings in support of both the
effectiveness and safety of using Reishi extract for “joint health,” providing “clinical evidence” to back up their claim. (12)
Also that same year, a Chinese study by Xi Bao et al. came to the conclusion that Reishi plus another medicinal herbal remedy commonly used in China
seemed to have a “beneficial immunomodulatory effect” on arthritis. (13)
Just how Reishi accomplishes its beneficial influence on arthritis may have been stumbled upon by Ho et al. in 2007 (14) when they discovered that GL-PP
[Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide] helped to significantly reduce one of the causative agents of rheumatoid arthritis known as RASF, short for
“Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts.”
Several additional papers have been published that summarize positive results in the use of Reishi against arthritis. (15,16,17) One even states that Reishi
compares favorably to prednisone, albeit without side effects. (18) On the other hand, a separate study found that supplementing with Reishi helped balance
the side effects of prednisolone* that were experienced by some patients, including protein in the urine and cell toxicity. (19) (Prednisolone is the active
compound of prednisone, which gets broken down by the liver and converted to prednisolone.)
In conclusion, the body of research does seem to support the use of Reishi extract in cases of arthritis. Remember that it is important to always work
with a licensed medical practitioner when using any herb for medicinal purposes.
Note on name confusion: The name “Reishi” is Japanese for the perennial tree mushroom that American naturalists refer to as “Varnished Conk.” In China, it
is known as “Ling Zhi.” All these names usually refer to the species Ganoderma lucidum, which for the sake of distinction from other types of Reishi may
sometimes be called “Common Reishi” or “Red Reishi.”
Other related species that are often called “Reishi” include: “Hemlock Reishi” (Ganoderma tsugae),” which is common on hemlock trees in eastern U.S.; the
Chinese species known as “Black Reishi” (Ganoderma sinense); another American species found on the west coast which is sometimes referred to as “Red
Reishi” (Ganoderma resinaceum), although “Red Reishi” more often refers to G. lucidum in contrast to “Black Reishi,” G. sinense; and finally two Japanese
species, one that is sometimes known as “Purple Reishi” Ganoderma japonicum, and one without any English name, Ganoderma neo-japonicum.
About the Author:
Dr. Markho Rafael works as a herbal researcher and writer since 1996, specializing in medicinal mushrooms

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PREVENT OR REVERSE HEART DISEASES NATURALLY

2010-02-17T23:12:00.000-08:00

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The Healing Power of Nature

2009-11-27T13:06:00.000-08:00

Hello Everyone,

At the time when Congress is debating Health-care Reform to provide coverage to over 30 millions of uninsured Americans, Do you know that your biggest Health Insurance is covered by your nutrition and lifestyle.
Research shows that average health can shorten life by twenty years. So, If your health is average the chanches are 50-50 that you will die of cancer or heart disease before the age of sixty-five.
In this blog I will try to bring to your attention some of the best breakthrough in Nutrition and Complementary Alternative Medicine that may help people improve their quality of life, and prevent some diseases like cancers , diabetes, and cardio-vascular diseases that are killing millions every years.
So Brace yourself.