Nature Reviews Neuroscience is the leading review journal in the neurosciences. It publishes articles that review recent progress in brain and nervous system research. Topics range from molecular and cellular aspects of neuronal development and function to behavior, cognition and disorders of the nervous system. By commissioning the best authors to write on the timeliest issues, and following a rigorous peer-review process, the journal provides an unparalleled source of information and opinion for neuroscientists in academia, clinical research and industry. One of the unique features of Nature Reviews Neuroscience is its extraordinary breadth and depth of coverage. This very broad scope – from molecules to mind – captures the essence of modern neuroscience, and allows the journal to attract readers from all areas of this ever-expanding discipline. http://feeds.nature.com/nrn/rss/current Nature Publishing Group en © 2026 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Nature Reviews Neuroscience © 2026 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. permissions@nature.com https://www.nature.com/uploads/product/nrn/rss.gif http://feeds.nature.com/nrn/rss/current https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01066-w Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w

Transcriptomic microglial states are shaped by development, ageing, genetics, environment and disease. In this Review, Eggen and Kooistra discuss how the formation of so-called hidden immune-memory states in microglia following stimulus exposure might contribute to the variability in neurological disease outcomes.]]> Bart J. L. EggenSusanne M. Kooistra doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-20; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w 2026-07-20 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01066-w https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01071-z Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z

In this Journal Club, Guilhem Ibos reflects on a 2011 study linking the neurophysiology of attention with the neuromodulation of cognitive functions.]]> Guilhem Ibos doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-16; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z 2026-07-16 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01071-z https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01065-x Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 15 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x

Spontaneous brain activity is experimentally unconstrained. Embracing this freedom unlocks rich opportunities beyond task-based and naturalistic paradigms, the traditional Herculean pillars of constrained cognition. Emerging data-driven approaches can extract cognitively meaningful and translationally relevant insights from spontaneous brain activity: across profoundly altered states, across the human lifespan and across species.]]> Andrea I. LuppiHelena M. GellersenLorina NaciAlessandro GozziDaniel Bor doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-15; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x 2026-07-15 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01065-x https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01061-1 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 13 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1

Neuronal and glial mitochondria support neuronal circuit function and plasticity through the supply of energetic substrates and the regulation of cellular physiology. Sandi and colleagues describe how mitochondrial functions shape baseline circuit states, support circuit engagement and thereby contribute to cognition and behaviour.]]> Carmen SandiMary Kay LoboFiona HollisYusuke HirabayashiJaime de Juan-SanzJuan P. Bolaños doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-13; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1 2026-07-13 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01061-1 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01069-7 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 07 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7

Training on brain–computer interfaces is shown to be markedly improved by using real-time reinforcement feedback instead of relying only on sensory feedback, which can be impaired in users of these devices.]]> Sian Lewis doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-07; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7 2026-07-07 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01069-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01067-9 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01067-9

A new study has revealed that the transcription factor ATF2 is an important regulator of neuronal apoptosis.]]> Darran Yates doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01067-9 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-06; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01067-9 2026-07-06 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01067-9 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01067-9 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01068-8 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01068-8

In this Journal Club, Laura Bradfield discusses a 1998 study showing that scrub jays exhibit episodic-like memory.]]> Laura A. Bradfield doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01068-8 Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-06; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01068-8 2026-07-06 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01068-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01068-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01057-x Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 06 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01057-x

Motor neuron disorders involve complex interactions between multiple CNS cell types, which are challenging to model in 2D in vitro conditions. Frizzi and colleagues describe recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D (organoid) models of the spinal cord and neuromuscular junction, and outline their application in the investigation of disease mechanisms.]]> Benedetta FrizziAdriana Margarida Barbosa CorreiaIrene FaravelliLudo Van Den BoschStefania Corti doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01057-x Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Published online: 2026-07-06; | doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01057-x 2026-07-06 Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10.1038/s41583-026-01057-x https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-026-01057-x