NDI - Zambia

Young Party Leaders Around Zambia Call For Peaceful Elections

jfrant — Wed, 10 Aug 2016 12:53:14 +0000

Tensions two days before Zambia’s August 11 elections are high. As incidents of violence perpetrated by political party cadres against other parties increased, young party activists – typically blamed for the violence – worked across parties to publicly disavow the violence. After an NDI training on conflict mitigation, youth leaders organized a series of public events and marches to call for ending the violence. Organized in partnership with NDI’s Zambian partners – Young Women in Action (YWA), the Council of Churches of Zambia (CCZ) and the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) – these events demonstrate the resolve of youth from competing political parties to denounce violence before, during or after the elections. Media coverage of these events has reached a broader audience with the simple, but powerful message that violence has no place in the election.

Zambian youth march through the main streets of the city of Kitwe in Copperbelt Province. Photo by Andisen Zulu

Tensions one day before Zambia’s August 11 elections are high. As incidents of violence perpetrated by political party cadres against other parties increased, young party activists – typically blamed for the violence – worked across parties to publicly disavow the violence. After an NDI training on conflict mitigation, youth leaders organized a series of public events and marches to call for ending the violence. Organized in partnership with NDI’s Zambian partners – Young Women in Action (YWA), the Council of Churches of Zambia (CCZ) and the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) – these events demonstrate the resolve of youth from competing political parties to denounce violence before, during or after the elections. Media coverage of these events has reached a broader audience with the simple, but powerful message that violence has no place in the election.

On July 16, 2016, 60 youth marched through the main streets of the city of Kitwe in Copperbelt Province, wearing their party regalia, and singing songs disavowing political violence. Led by political party Youth Ambassadors who participated in NDI’s conflict mitigation program, the youth reversed the usual campaign behavior by helping their peers from competing parties replace torn campaign posters.

Photo by Andisen Zulu

A vehicle sporting campaign posters of three competing parties joined the Kitwe march. The solidarity peace walk was featured in the main news hour of the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC TV2) and Muvi television.

Several days later, on July 23, Lusaka Youth Ambassadors held a solidarity march in the Zambian capital. Sixty-six young men and women from six parties began at the Kabwe roundabout, wound their way along Cairo Road in downtown Lusaka and ended up at the historic site of the Freedom Statue. Youth ambassadors spoke and pledged peace. Police provided security but did not speak at the event. The event was covered by radio stations such as Hot FM and ZNBC.

Meanwhile, in Eastern Province, Youth Ambassadors organized two events, one in the provincial capital of Chipata on July 29, and the other one in Katete, on August 4. The Youth Ambassadors collaborated with the Zambia Police and the Anti-Political Violence Youth Ambassador drama group on a march through the main streets of Chipata. At the invitation of the Youth Ambassadors, the police and the church addressed the crowd of 100. The Police Commissioner for Eastern Province praised the young party members for the initiative and encouraged them to maintain peace. Pastor Shumba, from the SDA church, encouraged the youth to be peaceful in all they do.

Photo by Andisen Zulu

In Katete, the six Eastern Province Youth Ambassadors organized 60 young men and women from each of the six political parties (ten from each party) to march in solidarity along the main streets and market of Katete. Donning party regalia and holding party banners, the youth sang solidarity songs and were joined by onlookers and marketeers. The Zambia police provided security and assigned four senior police officers to attend the event. The director of police operations Mr. Mazuba, was one of the key speakers and stated that the police want political parties to co-exist and campaign peacefully. A pastor from the Evangelical Fellowship in Zambia gave the keynote address and encouraged youths to work together to end political violence. Each of the six ambassadors was given an opportunity to speak and pledge peace. The event was covered by the ZANIS and Mpangwe FM Radio.

Dramatic reenactment of the lead-up to election violence in Katete. Photo by Andisen Zulu

Photo by Andisen Zulu

Southern Province Youth Ambassadors are planning to bring together 50 young people from six political parties in a workshop on how to maintain peace after elections. Various topics will be explored which include gender and non-violence, nature of violence in Zambia and the history of Zambian politics. This will be followed by an event using dance, songs and poems to mobilize people. The Southern Province Youth Ambassadors will deliver messages on the need for the public to desist from political violence by embracing peace.

Together, these and other independently organized events reflect the interest of young Zambian leaders to take a public stand and model civil and peaceful behavior between political parties. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), these events are helping to support peaceful political activism.

Martin Luther King III Urges Zambian Party Youth to Avoid Electoral Violence

jfrant — Wed, 13 Jul 2016 20:03:12 +0000

Zambia’s record of 25 years of peaceful elections appears to be under threat. With less than a month to go before the country goes to the polls on August 11, 2016, for national elections, the Electoral Commission of Zambia has suspended campaigning, after reports of hundreds of injuries and many deaths at political rallies. The latest related deaths were reported on July 9th.

Zambian youth leaders meet with Martin Luther King III at an NDI-sponsored event to provide young leaders with anti-violence training and a platform on which to speak out against electoral violence. King called on the gathered youth leaders to “reject the use of violence as a political tool.”

In cities around Zambia, election posters of the two leading candidates, President Edgar Lungu (Patriotic Front) and Hakiande Hichilema (UPND) hang in tatters or are singed. Despite pledges from leaders of all political parties to refrain from violence, the conduct of their supporters has not always reflected their pledges. Political parties have hired unemployed youth to brandish weapons, marking territory for one party over another.

It was in this context that, on July 12, 2016, Martin Luther King III, a human rights advocate and son of the late American civil rights leaders, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King, addressed Zambian political party youth at a national conference against electoral violence.

A former elected official himself, King urged the youth to “never allow any election to be seen as a zero sum engagement, where the winner wins all and the loser loses all.” He added that “all leaders bear a responsibility to encourage their supporters to respect the rules of the game,” and called on the young political leaders to “reject the use of violence as a political tool.”

The event was organized by NDI as part of its youth conflict mitigation initiative. With help from NDI’s Zambian partners, Young Women in Action (YWA), the Council of Churches of Zambia (CCZ) and the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI), the event was designed to provide young leaders with anti-violence training and a platform on which to speak against electoral violence.

“Conflict prevention must be rooted on sturdy, resilient, participatory and inclusive governance systems. However, institutions and systems alone are inadequate; a more comprehensive response should include the fostering of a culture of democracy and peace.” - Martin Luther King III

Over the past month, two hundred party youth representing various parties from Eastern, Southern, Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces have put aside their differences to stand together against conflict. Through joint radio broadcasts, meetings on nonviolence and other joint activities, Zambian youth are crossing political lines to vie for peace.

Speaking in the Zambian capital of Lusaka, King and Benard Wakoli, national youth leader of the Ford-Kenya party, discussed a strategy for peace with the gathered youth leaders. Twenty-four youth elected by their political party peers as “peace ambassadors,” discussed the actions they are taking in the name of peace and identified ways to continue working peacefully across political divides after the election.

King urged the young party members to “...use every opportunity and avenue to advocate for youth-sensitive policies, and for expanded political space that provides respect for freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of the press and access to information, such that young people can become more aware of their rights and opportunities to participate in decision-making and civic life.”

The Zambian Political Party Youth United Against Violence program is made possible through a grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

While in Lusaka, King also met with civil society, religious and business leaders and spoke at the Human Rights Commission meeting on the Public Order Act.

Published July 13, 2016

Zambia

smajestic — Wed, 21 Oct 2015 13:58:15 +0000

Leading up to the elections in 2001, NDI implemented a program supporting efforts by domestic monitoring organizations and political parties to monitor both the parliamentary and presidential elections. NDI continued to demonstrate its support to an increasingly credible electoral process in Zambia following the death of President Levy Mwanawasa in 2008, when NDI partnered with the Foundation for Democratic Process (FODEP) to conduct a parallel vote tabulation (PVT) to determine whether the will of Zambian voters would be reflected in the official election results. During 2011, with funding from the British Department of International Development (DFID), NDI provided technical and financial assistance to a domestic election observation coalition to conduct a second PVT. These efforts also resulted in the deployment of 9,400 observers on election day. The 2011 elections signaled the first time in 15 years, that an opposition party, the Patriotic Front (PF) led by Michael Sata, triumphed over an incumbent political party.

Following the death of President Sata in October 2014, Zambia was constitutionally obligated to hold a by-election to elect a new president to complete Sata’s term. Ahead of the January 2015 poll, NDI received joint funding from DFID and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to support the Christian Churches Monitoring Group (CCMG) to design and implement a PVT as well as carry out general election observation activities. Additionally, NDI partnered with the Zambian Center for Interparty Dialogue (ZCID) to train 138 master trainers from a broad range of political parties on poll watching practices, who subsequently trained party agents across the country. While the 2015 elections were deemed generally free and fair, Zambia experienced a historically low voter turnout rate of only 32 percent of registered voters. Factors attributed to the low turnout rate were thought to include: lack of a voter civic education program, absence of voter registration processes, and voter apathy.

To address these concerns, NDI’s current programming with funding from USAID is focused on supporting an increasingly inclusive and representative voter registration process, as well as engaging with citizens on the importance of the electoral process. Through this programming, emphasis is being placed on first time voters, youth, women, persons with disabilities and other marginalized groups. A national civic and voter education (CVE) program is also underway which includes the development, production and distribution of materials on the voting process specifically targeting first time voters and marginalized groups. In preparation for the 2016 elections, NDI is providing guidance to CCMG to carry out a PVT and long-term observation mission. NDI, in partnership with ZCID, will also support political parties to monitor the 2016 elections to help deter fraud, improve accountability and increase the legitimacy and acceptance of the results. With support from the British Council, NDI is currently leading a partnership of local and international organizations conducting public opinion research with the goal of increasing the understanding of the purpose, processes and use of public opinion research among political parties and civil society.

Contact Information

For more information about these programs, use our contact form.

Over the past two decades, Zambia has experienced progress and setbacks in its democratization process. Despite being a multi-party democracy with a vibrant civil society, obstacles remain to further democratic consolidation. Zambia continues to struggle with widespread poverty, a stagnant economy, disconnected rural populations, and ethnic and social divides. Furthermore, the constitution, which has been recognized as a top priority among the public, has yet to be delivered after years in development NDI’s long history of programming in Zambia began in 1991 with a pre-election survey mission and an electoral monitoring delegation to assess, not only the country’s first multiparty presidential election since the 1960s, but also the country’s first political transition as Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) candidate Frederick Chiluba defeated incumbent Kenneth Kaunda of the United National Independence Party (UNIP).

From 1992 to 1993, NDI led efforts to provide Zambian political party leaders and activists with technical assistance and practical information about party structures, communication and constituent relations. In 1996, NDI conducted a post-election assessment mission following accusations by opposition parties that the polls were not credible.

Sandra Pepera

skincaid — Tue, 14 Apr 2015 18:41:17 +0000

Sandra Pepera is a career diplomat and international development professional. Before joining NDI as its director for Gender, Women and Democracy in 2014, she spent thirteen years as a senior officer at the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID), including leading programs in the Caribbean, Rwanda-Burundi and Sudan. Prior to joining DFID, Sandra spent time in British domestic politics; lecturing in political science and international relations at the University of Ghana; and as a political analyst in the Political Affairs Division at the Commonwealth Secretariat. She has a portfolio of skills and experience which include strategy development, political and risk analysis, diplomacy, general management and corporate governance.

Much of Sandra’s career has been spent working in or on transitional economies, focusing on the building of resilient and inclusive institutions. She led work on women and politics at the University of Ghana and in outreach public policy during the period of intense and unstable political transition in the early 1990s. This included participating in a program that supported the ANC Women’s League during South Africa’s transition from apartheid to majority democratic rule in 1993.

Sandra is a member of the Cambridge Sustainability Leaders Network, the Royal Commonwealth Society, the Global Board Ready Women initiative, and the International Advisory Board of the Commonwealth Journal for International Affairs (the Round Table). She holds the Financial Times Diploma for Non-Executive Directors, and serves as a trustee for the pension fund of an intergovernmental organization.

NDI’s Pat Merloe Testifies Before Congress on U.S. Election Support in Africa

blesswing — Wed, 18 Mar 2015 18:32:58 +0000

NDI Director of Electoral Programs Pat Merloe testified at a hearing, “U.S. Election Support in Africa” on March 18 before the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations.

“Support for democratic elections in Africa should build longer-term democratic political dynamics that result in responsive, accountable governance,” Merloe said. “International election observation can play an important role in achieving peaceful, credible elections in Africa.”

Watch the hearing »

Read Pat Merloe’s full statement here »

Read more:

NDI's Christopher Fomunyoh Testifies Before Congress on "Nigeria on the Brink?"

Experts to Discuss Critical African Elections at NDI

Published on March 18, 2015

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See the 2015-2016 calendar for African elections	60.27 KB
See a map of 2015-2016 African elections	129.47 KB

Monitoring Coalition Issues Preliminary Findings on Zambia’s By-Election

blesswing — Tue, 20 Jan 2015 23:30:51 +0000

Update: Read the CCMG verification statement here.

Lusaka, Zambia – The Christian Churches Monitoring Group (CCMG) of Zambia, a coalition of faith-based organizations and a partner of NDI’s, issued a preliminary statement examining the conduct of the country’s Jan. 20 presidential by-election. Additional commentary from the group is expected after official results are announced no later than Jan. 25. Voting was extended for a day because of heavy rains.

The report said the vast majority of polling stations opened on time and there were isolated instances of accredited monitors being denied access, but not enough to undermine the observation effort.

Zambians went to the polls to vote in the tightly contested presidential contest caused by the death of President Michael Sata last October.The winner of the election will serve the remaining 18 months of Sata's term. The Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ), civil society, political parties and voters had fewer than three calendar months to prepare.

To support the electoral process, CCMG deployed a total of 1,108 election observers in all 10 provinces of the country to observe the elections.

CCMG is comprised of the Council of Churches of Zambia (CCZ), the Jesuit Centre for Theological Reflection (JCTR), the Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia (EFZ) and the Zambia Episcopal Conference (ZEC). Caritas Zambia, a reputable civil society organization, serves as the CCMG secretariat.

NDI is providing technical assistance to the coalition to conduct a parallel vote tabulation (PVT) of the election. The Institute is also working closely with CCMG to aid credible, nonpartisan citizen observer groups or networks to conduct a qualitative general observation.

NDI’s program in Zambia is jointly funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), and consists of three components: domestic observation, including a PVT; political party poll watcher training; and a post-election lessons learned component to analyze, consolidate and apply lessons learned from the observation efforts to help prepare for general elections in 2016.

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Download CCMG Preliminary Statement Here	189.72 KB
Download CCMG Verification Insert (Jan 24, 2015)	250.18 KB
Download CCMG Verification Statement (Jan 24, 2015)	258.3 KB
Zambia_presidential_story2.jpg	48.88 KB

Experts to Discuss Critical African Elections at NDI

Thu, 25 Sep 2014 22:09:17 +0000

Author:

National Democratic Institute

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute

Published Date:

09/25/2014

Resource Type:

Press Release

Language:

English

WASHINGTON, D.C. — The implications for democracy of 30 African elections slated through 2016 will be discussed next week by senior Africa experts during a briefing and roundtable discussion at the National Democratic Institute (NDI).

The event will be held on Thursday, Oct. 2, at 9:30 a.m. at NDI, 455 Massachusetts Ave., NW. It is cosponsored by NDI and the Constituency for Africa (CFA).

Johnnie Carson, former assistant secretary of state for African Affairs and a member of the NDI Board of Directors, will open the forum. Panelists are Christopher Fomunyoh, NDI regional director for Central and West Africa programs; Keith Jennings, NDI regional director for Southern and East Africa programs; Jeffrey England, NDI deputy director for Middle East and North Africa programs; and Richard Klein, senior advisor for NDI Elections. Kenneth Wollack, NDI president, and Melvin Foote, president of the Constituency for Africa, will provide welcoming remarks.

Thirty African countries are slated to hold elections between now and the end of 2016. They are Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.

The conduct of the elections and their outcome could help consolidate nascent democratic institutions and practices across Africa. But if they are viewed as flawed, the elections could result in violence, protracted conflict and democratic backsliding.

The event is part of the Ronald H. Brown African Affairs discussion series sponsored by the CFA.

The National Democratic Institute is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization working to support and strengthen democratic institutions worldwide through citizen participation, openness and accountability in government.

Every year, CFA holds the Ronald H. Brown African Affairs series in conjunction with the Congressional Black Caucus Legislative Weekend. The program is named for the late Commerce Secretary, Ronald H. Brown, who was a leader in forging ties between the U.S. and Africa.

###

WHAT: NDI/Ron Brown Roundtable Discussion on “Critical Elections in Africa 2015/2016”

WHEN: Thursday, Oct. 2, 9:30 a.m. — 12 p.m.

WHO: Johnnie Carson, former assistant secretary of state for African Affairs;

Kenneth Wollack, NDI president; Mel Foote, president of the Constituency for Africa (CFA);

Christopher Fomunyoh, NDI regional director for Central and West Africa programs;

Keith Jennings, NDI regional director for Southern and East Africa programs;

Jeffrey England, NDI deputy director for Middle East and North Africa programs; and

Richard Klein, senior advisor for NDI Elections

Moderated by
Jennifer Cooke, director, CSIS's Africa program

WHERE: National Democratic Institute, 455 Massachusetts Ave, NW, 8th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20001

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Event invitation.	115.24 KB

Empowering Women for Stronger Political Parties: A Good Practices Guide to Promote Women's Political Participation (Now available in Burmese)

fstovall — Fri, 21 Mar 2014 14:31:07 +0000

Author:

Julie Ballington

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute United Nations Development Programme

Published Date:

10/31/2011

Resource Type:

Manual|Handbook

Language:

Arabic, Burmese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, Urdu

English

Arabic

French

Spanish

Russian

Urdu

Attachment	Size
Read the manual (English)	2.49 MB
Read the manual with case studies (English)	3.45 MB
Read the manual (Arabic)	1.9 MB
Download the poster (Arabic)	1.18 MB
Read the manual (Burmese)	4.59 MB
Read the manual (French)	2.57 MB
Download the poster (French)	670.54 KB
Read the manual (Russian)	2.82 MB
Download the poster (Russian)	256.16 KB
Read the manual (Spanish)	2.59 MB
Download the poster (Spanish)	680.95 KB
Read the manual (Urdu)	3.74 MB
Read the manual with case studies (Albanian)	10.91 MB

Equal Access: How to Include Persons with Disabilities in Elections and Political Processes

dleonard — Thu, 06 Mar 2014 14:59:44 +0000

Author:

National Democratic Institute, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES)

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute

Published Date:

03/06/2014

Resource Type:

Manual|Handbook

Language:

Arabic, English, French, Indonesian, Russian, Spanish, Uzbek

English

Arabic

Spanish

Russian

Attachment	Size
Download the manual in Arabic	2.54 MB
Download the manual in English	3.24 MB
Download the manual in French	2.36 MB
Download the manual in Indonesian	16.34 MB
Download the manual in Russian	2.37 MB
Download the manual in Spanish	16.87 MB
Download the manual in Uzbek	3.85 MB

Increasing Women’s Political Participation Through Effective Training Programs: A Guide to Best Practices and Lessons Learned

fstovall — Tue, 12 Nov 2013 20:08:23 +0000

Author:

National Democratic Institute

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute

Published Date:

10/23/2013

Resource Type:

Training Manual

Language:

Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish

English

Arabic

French

Spanish

Russian

Attachment	Size
Download the manual (English)	994.16 KB
Download the manual (français)	1.02 MB
Download the manual (РУС)	1.31 MB
Download the manual (español)	1.08 MB
Download the manual (بالعربية)	787.23 KB

Constitutional Dialogues Bring Zambia's Youth Into the Political Process

dleonard — Fri, 19 Oct 2012 17:41:22 +0000

Young people make up nearly 60 percent of the population in Zambia and face growing unemployment rates. But their participation in politics and government has remained low. A group of youth-oriented civil society organizations is using the drafting of a new constitution as an opportunity to address youth issues and include young people in the political process.

Since Zambia gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964, there have been four attempts to rewrite its constitution. Past efforts were rejected, largely because citizens felt the proposed drafts did not represent the needs of the public. When President Michael Sata was elected in 2011, he decided to revisit the process, and a draft constitution was released by the Zambian government last April. But many representatives from youth organizations said that young people had not been adequately involved.

Working to remedy that and to teach young people more about the constitution drafting process, organizations including Young Women in Action (YWA), the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI), Zambia Rainbow Coalition (ZRC) and Youth Alive Zambia (YAZ) are hosting five, two-day provincial dialogues in different regions of the country to address how the new constitution directly affects young people. With financial and technical support from NDI, the groups have organized dialogues in the Lusaka, Eastern, Southern, Northern and Northwestern provinces.

The dialogues focus on Article 56 of the constitution, which addresses youth issues. Most notably they have raised concerns that the article does not require the government to ensure that young people have access to employment, education and training, as well as opportunities to participate and be represented in political, social and economic decisions.

Other issues discussed included establishing a Referendum Commission to set out the process for approving the new constitution, giving more power to local governments, emphasizing the separation of powers within government for more accountability, funding of political parties and instituting term limits for members of parliament.

More than 160 young people have taken part in the dialogues. Each included a plenary session that laid the groundwork for the discussion before participants broke into groups to discuss what concepts should be included in the constitution. Groups then presented their findings back to the plenary for further debate.

"This is a constitution of the youth and the generations yet to come,” said Eugene Ndhlovu, a participant from Chipata in the Northern province. “This dialogue will enable us to express ourselves and influence the content and enactment of the new constitution.”

The dialogues will produce a two-page document that will help in the development of a “Young Leaders Declaration on the Constitution” with concrete suggestions on how to address youth issues in the draft constitution. It will be submitted to 10 provincial constitutional conventions and later to a National Constitutional Convention. It will also be submitted to the Technical Committee for the Drafting of the Constitution (TC)—a 17-member committee appointed by the president in 2011 to draft Zambia’s new constitution—and be used to lobby members of parliament, political parties and other groups involved in drafting the new constitution.

The TC is expected to submit a final draft constitution by the end of the year.

Published Oct. 19, 2012

Constitutional Dialogues Bring Zambia's Youth Into the Political Process

dleonard — Fri, 19 Oct 2012 17:41:05 +0000

The TC is expected to submit a final draft constitution by the end of the year.

Published October 19, 2012

Declaration of Global Principles for Nonpartisan Election Observation and Monitoring by Citizen Organizations and Code of Conduct for Nonpartisan Citizen Election Observers and Monitors

fstovall — Wed, 10 Oct 2012 19:06:44 +0000

Publisher:

United Nations

Published Date:

04/03/2012

Resource Type:

Declaration

Language:

Arabic, Bangla, English, French, Mongolian, Romanian Russian, Spanish

English

Arabic

French

Spanish

Romanian

Russian

Attachment	Size
Read the declaration (Arabic)	267.58 KB
Read the declaration (English)	897.79 KB
Read the declaration (Bangla)	8.27 MB
Read the declaration (Burmese)	302.33 KB
Read the declaration (French)	327.02 KB
Read the declaration (Indonesian)	16.61 MB
Read the declaration (Mongolian)	345.97 KB
Read the declaration (Romanian)	275.41 KB
Read the declaration (Russian)	286.22 KB
Read the declaration (Spanish)	326.57 KB
Read the declaration (Urdu)	370.99 KB

President Carter to Lead International Delegation to Monitor National Elections in Zambia

fstovall — Mon, 18 Jun 2012 18:58:50 +0000

Author:

National Democratic Institute, Carter Center

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute

Published Date:

10/21/1991

Resource Type:

Press Release

Language:

English

Attachment	Size
Read the release	190.14 KB

Carter Center, NDI Announce Findings of International Delegation to Zambia

fstovall — Mon, 18 Jun 2012 18:51:34 +0000

Author:

National Democratic Institute, Carter Center

Publisher:

National Democratic Institute

Published Date:

09/25/1991

Resource Type:

Press Release

Language:

English

Attachment	Size
Read the release	478.17 KB