Networking Stuffs

Overview of Transformation PPT

2019-08-10T19:13:00.000+05:30

Overview of Transformation

Transformation

Transformation changes the way object appears.

Implementing changes in size of object, its position on screen or its orientation called Transformation.

Basic 2D Transformation

Translation

Scaling

Rotation

Translation

Translation is a process of changing the position of an object in a straight line path from one coordinate location to another.

A translation moves all points in an object along the same straight-line path to new positions.

The path is represented by a vector, called the translation or shift vector.

Rotation

Rotation transformation re-position an object along a circular path in the xy plane.

The rotation is performed with certain angle θ, known as rotation angle

A rotation re-positions all points in an object along a circular path in the plane centered at the pivot point.

Reflection

Produces a mirror image of an object relative to an axis of reflection.

Shear

A transformation that slants the shape of an object is called the shear transformation

X Shear

preserves y coordinates but changes x values

Y Shear

preserves x coordinates but changes y values

3D Coordinate Systems

3 D Translation

In translation, an object is displaced and direction from its original position.

The new object point p’=(x’,z’,z’) can be found by applying the transform Ttx,ty,tz to p=(x,y,z)

Here tx=distance moved by object along x-axis

ty=distance moved by object along y-axis

tz=distance moved by object along z-axis

3D Translation

P is translated to P' by:

An Object represented as a set of polygon surfaces, is translated by translate each vertex of each surface and redraw the polygon facets in the new position.

3D Rotation

Coordinate Axis Rotations
Coordinate Axis RotationsRotation About Z-axis In

Clockwise direction.

Note that the +ve values of rotation angle Ө will produce a rotation in the anticlockwise direction whereas –ve values of Ө produce a rotation in the clockwise direction.

in this case angle Ө is taken as –ve. According to the trigonometric law

cos(Ө)= cos Ө

sin(- Ө)= -sin Ө

Scaling Transformation

A scaling transformation alters the size of an object.

An object can be scaled (stretched or shrunk) along the x, y and z axis by multiplying all its points by the scale factors Sx, Sy, Sz

All points P(x, y, z) on the scaled shape will now become P’(x’, y’, z’). Such that

x’=x.Sx

y’=y,Sy

z’=z.Sz

3D Scaling

Scaling Transformation

If values of Sx, Sy and Sz<1 then size of objects reduced or the object move closer to the coordinate origin.

If values of Sx, Sy and Sz>1 then size of objects increased or the object move farther to the coordinate origin.

2 types of projections

Parallel

In parallel projection, coordinate positions are transformed to the view plane along parallel lines.

Perspective

In perspective projection, object position are transformed to the view plane along lines that come together to a point called projection reference point

Parallel Projection

Z coordinate is discarded.

Parallel lines from each vertex on the object are extended until they intersect the view plane.

The point of intersection is the projection of vertex.

Projected vertices are connected by line segments to correspond connection on original object.

Perspective Projection

Produces realistic views but does not preserves relative proportions.

Lines of projection are not parallel.

Instead they all converge at single point called projection reference point.

You can also download the same PPT from slideshare following link

Overview of 2D and 3D Transformation from Dheeraj Sadawarte

IPv6 Multicast Addresses

2019-08-05T13:05:00.000+05:30

Important IPv6 multicast addresses in CCNA exam perspective

FF01::1 -   ALL NODES(NODE-LOCAL)
FF01::2   -   ALL ROUTERS (NODE-LOCAL)
FF02::1   -   ALL NODES (LINK-LOCAL)
FF02::2   -   ALL ROUTERS (LINK LOCAL)
FF02::5   -   OSPFv3 ROUTERS
FF02::6   -   OSPFv3 DESIGNATED ROUTERS
FF02::9   -    RIPng
FF02::A -   EIGRP ROUTERS
FF02::B   -   MOBILE AGENTS
FF02::C   -   SSDP
FF02::D   -   ALL PIM ROUTERS
FF05::2    - ALL ROUTERS (SITE LOCAL)
FF05::1:3 - DHCP SERVERS/RELAY AGENTS

Raster Scan Graphics Computer Graphics

2019-08-02T17:26:00.000+05:30

This document is also available on slideshare

Raster scan graphics (line drawing, circle drawing, polygon, character generation) from Dheeraj Sadawarte

Chapter 1 Basics of Compute Graphics

2019-07-29T14:15:00.000+05:30

c program for Sutherland Hodgemen Polygon clipping

2018-10-09T22:02:00.001+05:30

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
void dda(int,int,int,int,int,int,int,int);
void dda(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int xmin,int ymin,int xmax,int ymax)
{
float dx,dy;
float steps,x=x1,y=y1;
int i=0;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
if(abs(dx)>=abs(dy))
steps=abs(dx);
else
steps=abs(dy);
dx=dx/steps;
dy=dy/steps;
while(i++<=steps)
{
if(x>=xmin && x<=xmax && y>=ymin && y<=ymax)
{
line(x,y,x2,y2);
getch();
return;
}
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
}
}

void main()
{
int n,gd,gm,x1,x2,y1,y2,xRec,yRec,b1,b2,b3,b4,l,b,yMin,yMax,xMin,xMax;
float m;
int a[10][4],i,j, flag=0,in=0;
gd=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");
printf("Enter the length and breadth of the clipping window:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&l,&b);
printf("Enter the starting co-ord of the rectangle\n");
scanf("%d%d",&xRec,&yRec);
cleardevice();
rectangle(xRec,yRec,xRec+l,yRec+b);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("Enter the no of lines\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter the co-ord of line %d\n",i+1);
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
a[i][2]=a[0][0];
a[i][3]=a[0][1];
if(i!=0)
{
a[i-1][2]=a[i][0];
a[i-1][3]=a[i][1];
}
}
cleardevice();
rectangle(xRec,yRec,xRec+l,yRec+b);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
line(a[i][0],a[i][1],a[i][2],a[i][3]);
}
getch();
cleardevice();
rectangle(xRec,yRec,xRec+l,yRec+b);
xMin=xRec;
yMin=yRec;
xMax=xRec+l;
yMax=yRec+b;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
flag=0;
x1=a[i][0];
x2=a[i][2];
y1=a[i][1];
y2=a[i][3];
if(x1>=xMin && x1<=xMax && y1>=yMin && y1<=yMax)
flag++;
if(x2>=xMin && x2<=xMax && y2>=yMin && y2<=yMax)
flag++;
switch(flag)
{
case 0: break;
case 1:
if(x2>=xMin && x2<=xMax && y2>=yMin && y2<=yMax)
{
dda(x1,y1,x2,y2,xMin,yMin,xMax,yMax);
}
else
{
dda(x2,y2,x1,y1,xMin,yMin,xMax,yMax);
}
break;
case 2:
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
break;
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

c program for Hilbert's Curve computer graphics

2018-10-09T21:58:00.000+05:30

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>

void move(int j, int h, int &x, int &y)
{
if(j==1)
y-=h;
else if(j==2)
x+=h;
else if(j==3)
y+=h;
else if(j==4)
x-=h;
lineto(x,y);
delay(10);
}

void hilbert(int r,int d,int l,int u,int i,int h,int &x,int &y)
{
if(i>0)
{
i--;
hilbert(d,r,u,l,i,h,x,y);
move(r,h,x,y);
hilbert(r,d,l,u,i,h,x,y);
move(d,h,x,y);
hilbert(r,d,l,u,i,h,x,y);
move(l,h,x,y);
hilbert(u,l,d,r,i,h,x,y);
}
}

void main()
{
int n,x1,y1;
int x0=50,y0=150,x,y,h=10,r=2,d=3,l=4,u=1;
printf("\nGive the value of n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
x=x0;y=y0;
int gm,gd=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
moveto(x,y);
hilbert(r,d,l,u,n,h,x,y);
getch();
closegraph();
}

C program for Koch curve Computer graphics

2018-10-09T21:54:00.001+05:30

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

void koch(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int it)
{
float angle = 60*M_PI/180;
int x3 = (2*x1+x2)/3;
int y3 = (2*y1+y2)/3;

int x4 = (x1+2*x2)/3;
int y4 = (y1+2*y2)/3;

int x = x3 + (x4-x3)*cos(angle)+(y4-y3)*sin(angle);
int y = y3 - (x4-x3)*sin(angle)+(y4-y3)*cos(angle);

if(it > 0)
{
koch(x1, y1, x3, y3, it-1);
koch(x3, y3, x, y, it-1);
koch(x, y, x4, y4, it-1);
koch(x4, y4, x2, y2, it-1);
}
else
{

line(x1, y1, x3, y3);
line(x3, y3, x, y);
line(x, y, x4, y4);
line(x4, y4, x2, y2);
}
}

int main(void)
{
int gd = DETECT, gm,i,n, x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 400, y2 = 400;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("Enter number of interations");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cleardevice();
koch(x1, y1, x2, y2, i);
getch();
}
return 0;
}

C Program for Bezier Curve (computer graphics)

2018-10-09T21:48:00.000+05:30

#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
int maxx,maxy;
float xxx[4][2];

void line1(float x2,float y2)
{
line(xxx[0][0],xxx[0][1],x2,y2);
delay(10);
xxx[0][0]=x2;
xxx[0][1]=y2;
}

void bezier(float xb,float yb,float xc,float yc,float xd,float yd,int n)
{
float xab,yab,xbc,ybc,xcd,ycd;
float xabc,yabc,xbcd,ybcd;
float xabcd,yabcd;
if (n==0)
{
line1(xb,yb);
line1(xc,yc);
line1(xd,yd);
}
else
{
xab = (xxx[0][0]+xb)/2;
yab = (xxx[0][1]+yb)/2;
xbc = (xb+xc)/2;
ybc = (yb+yc)/2;
xcd = (xc+xd)/2;
ycd = (yc+yd)/2;
xabc = (xab+xbc)/2;
yabc = (yab+ybc)/2;
xbcd = (xbc+xcd)/2;
ybcd = (ybc+ycd)/2;
xabcd = (xabc+xbcd)/2;
yabcd = (yabc+ybcd)/2;
n=n-1;
bezier(xab,yab,xabc,yabc,xabcd,yabcd,n);
bezier(xbcd,ybcd,xcd,ycd,xd,yd,n);
}
}
main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
float temp1,temp2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
printf("Enter (x,y) coordinates of point%d : ",i+1);
scanf("%f%f",&temp1,&temp2);
putpixel(temp1,temp2,15);
xxx[i][0] = temp1;
xxx[i][1] = temp2;
}
bezier(xxx[1][0],xxx[1][1],xxx[2][0],xxx[2][1],xxx[3][0],xxx[3][1],8);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Computer Graphics 22318 Sample Question Paper Download

2018-09-24T16:30:00.000+05:30

Information Security MSBTE Model Answer Winter 2017 PDF

2018-08-23T18:06:00.000+05:30

Information Security 17518 Model Answer Summer 2018

2018-08-23T18:00:00.000+05:30

Web Page Designing with HTML Experiment No. 1

2018-03-15T16:05:00.000+05:30

Create web Page using structure tags to display sample message.

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>First Example</title>
</head>
<body>
Welcome to HTML World
</body>
</html>

What is steganography? How to perform steganography without using any software

2017-10-19T19:29:00.001+05:30

What is Steganography :

It is the art of hiding secret message inside ordinary message (which has no meaning). Steganography is alternate to encryption. Steganography is the useful technique to achieve computer security or information security.

In encryption the message to be kept secret (which is in plaintext/readable format) is applied to encryption algorithm and as a result of encryption algorithm the plaintext message get converted into ciphertext (ciphertext is the text which is not readable and understandable) and transmitted to destination.

If there is a person who capture the transmission media and who is able to sniff the messages in transit then the secret message in ciphertext form may attract to that third person. Ciphertext are point of attractions since it don’t have meaning, so the ultimate aim of attacker is to understand the ciphertext.

The contents of secret message are in ciphertext (not readable and understandable) but attacker can perform various cryptanalysis technique to get original message in plain text form (readable and understandable). The process of cryptanalysis may be time consuming but attacker can be succeeded to obtain original message. The time required to perform cryptanalysis can be one minute, can be one hour, can be one day, or one week or month/s. The complexity of algorithm and key makes it difficult to an attacker to obtain plaintext from ciphertext.

Attacker tries to retrieve contents/patterns form ciphertext because the message is in ciphertext form (which creates curiosity).

On the other hand steganography is alternate to encryption, here the message to be kept secret is hided in some ordinary message which is not relate to secret message. The contents of secret message are kept hidden in ordinary message such that its presence is doesn’t noticed by attacker/unauthorised person. There should be a pattern which is used for hiding of secret message in ordinary message and this pattern will be known to only sender and receiver of that message. (These patterns can be the first letter of each word, first letter of each sentence, last letter of each word etc.)

Steganography can be performed on text as well as on images. Traditional steganography works with text, in which secret text message is hidden inside ordinary/cover text message. Modern steganograpy is based on digital, in which a secret text message (ASCII) hides inside another ordinary/cover message text, here both text message are in digital/binary form. In modern steganography a secret text message can be hide inside a image/picture as well as a secret image is hide inside other ordinary image file. So in modern steganography text, image, audio or video file can be used as cover/ordinary message.

Steganography Terminology

Secret media (secret message) – the message to be kept secret. Secret message generated at sender side. Secret message can be in the form of text, image.

Cover media (ordinary message) – the message which is irrelevent to secret message used to hide secret message. Cover media can be text, image, audio, video.

Stego key – the pattern used to hide secret message inside cover media.

Stego medium – combination of secret message, cover media and stego key is called stego media.

Stego media = secret message + cover media + stego key

How to perform Steganography using command prompt

In this article, how steganography can be performed is depicted, for this we need

A computer with windows operating system and command prompt.
A secret message in text format and stored in text file (in this experiment we use secret.txt as secret media)
A cover media in which we have to hide secret.txt file. (in this experiment we use coverfile.jpg as cover file)

Ensure that these two files are stored at same location.

Open the command prompt and go to path/location where files are stored. Here files are kept at location D:\steg. Now we have to change the path for that I’m using following command cd

Create a archive file of secret message, for this go to the location where secret.txt is stored, Right click on Secret.txt (right click àSecret.txt à Add to Archive) and click on add to archive. This creates secret.rar

After this to perform steganography we have to use utility command copy.

In command prompt type

“copy /b “secret.rar” + “Cover file.jpg” steg.jpg”

On the similar ground we type the following statement, where copy is utility command, /b is option/parameter with copy utility, secret.rar is secret.txt archived to secret.rar, coverfile.jpg is the ordinary image in which we have to hide secret message, and 123.jpg is stego medium in the form of jpg image

So we execute the statement and we get a new file at the same location named as 123.jpg

Stego file will be created in same folder

Here our task is finished in senders perspective, the created stego file is transmitted to destination and now receivers performs necessary operations to access secret file.

Send this file to the receiver.

At Receiver side receiver receives the file as 123.jpg, if receiver opens file then he finds a image/picture. In order to get secret message receiver needs to change extension of steg file (jpg to rar). In order to do this receiver first have to enable the “show extensions for known file type”. Right click on 123.jpg then click on rename and select extension portion jpg and replace it with rar. (123.jpg à Right Click à Rename àchange .jpg to .rar)

Now we get a file named with 123 and having extension rar.

Now Right click on file 123.rar à click on extract here or extract to 123

If we click on extract here we get a file secret.txt and when we open this file we get the secret message that is sent by sender.

Data Recovery and Cyber Security PPT

2017-09-12T23:17:00.000+05:30

Data Recovery and Cyber Security pdf

2017-09-11T22:47:00.000+05:30

Introduction to Information Security PPT

2017-08-30T16:32:00.001+05:30

Introduction to Information Security pdf

2017-08-28T21:23:00.000+05:30

c program for National Flag of India

2017-08-06T13:44:00.001+05:30

//C graphics program for National Flag of India with output pdf download
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
for(i=0;i<getmaxy()/3;i++)
{
setcolor(4);
line(0,i,getmaxx(),i);
}
for(i=getmaxy()/3;i<getmaxy()*2/3;i++)
{
setcolor(15);
line(0,i,getmaxx(),i);
}
for(i=getmaxy()*2/3;i<=getmaxy();i++)
{
setcolor(GREEN);
line(0,i,getmaxx(),i);
}
setcolor(BLUE);
for(i=0;i<360;i+=15)
pieslice(getmaxx()/2, getmaxy()/2, i,i+15, 80);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Information Security ISE 17518 Chapter 3 Cryptography PDF

2017-07-20T23:41:00.000+05:30

if following frame is not loading then click here to open

Information Security (ISE 17518) Chapter 3 Cryptography PPT

2017-07-20T23:35:00.000+05:30

Information Security (ISE 17518) Chapter 2 Information Security Architecture and model ppt

2017-07-20T23:22:00.000+05:30

Chapter 2 Information Security Architecture and Model

2017-07-20T23:15:00.001+05:30

Computer Security (CSE 17514) MSBTE Model Answer Exam Summer 2017

2017-07-17T20:22:00.000+05:30

Information Security (ISE 17518) MSBTE Model Answer Exam Summer 2017

2017-07-17T20:11:00.001+05:30

Data Communication and Networking (DCN 17430) Model Answer MSBTE EXAM Summer 2017

2017-07-17T20:05:00.000+05:30

Networking Stuffs

Overview of Transformation PPT

Overview of Transformation

Transformation

Basic 2D Transformation

Translation

Reflection

Shear

X Shear

Y Shear

3D Coordinate Systems

3 D Translation

3D Translation

3D Rotation

Coordinate Axis Rotations Coordinate Axis RotationsRotation About Z-axis In

Scaling Transformation

3D Scaling

2 types of projections

Parallel Projection

Perspective Projection

You can also download the same PPT from slideshare following link

IPv6 Multicast Addresses

Important IPv6 multicast addresses in CCNA exam perspective

Raster Scan Graphics Computer Graphics

This document is also available on slideshare

Chapter 1 Basics of Compute Graphics

c program for Sutherland Hodgemen Polygon clipping

c program for Hilbert's Curve computer graphics

C program for Koch curve Computer graphics

C Program for Bezier Curve (computer graphics)

Computer Graphics 22318 Sample Question Paper Download

Information Security MSBTE Model Answer Winter 2017 PDF

Information Security 17518 Model Answer Summer 2018

Web Page Designing with HTML Experiment No. 1

What is steganography? How to perform steganography without using any software

What is Steganography :

Steganography Terminology

Stego media = secret message + cover media + stego key

How to perform Steganography using command prompt

Data Recovery and Cyber Security PPT

Data Recovery and Cyber Security pdf

Introduction to Information Security PPT

Introduction to Information Security pdf

c program for National Flag of India

Information Security ISE 17518 Chapter 3 Cryptography PDF

Information Security (ISE 17518) Chapter 3 Cryptography PPT

Information Security (ISE 17518) Chapter 2 Information Security Architecture and model ppt

Chapter 2 Information Security Architecture and Model

Computer Security (CSE 17514) MSBTE Model Answer Exam Summer 2017

Information Security (ISE 17518) MSBTE Model Answer Exam Summer 2017

Data Communication and Networking (DCN 17430) Model Answer MSBTE EXAM Summer 2017

Coordinate Axis Rotations
Coordinate Axis RotationsRotation About Z-axis In