NKV Prasad Panthangi

Sharepoint 2010 Integration with SSRS 2008R2

2011-07-14T21:58:00.001-07:00

Sharepoint 2010 Integration with SSRS 2008R2:

As Sharepoint 2010 is one stop environment which can be useful for all enterprise needs, Sharepoint come up with a tight integration with SSRS 2008R2 which can host the SSRS reports directly in Sharepoint rather deploying them to reporting server.

Advantages of Sharepoint integrated mode for SSRS.

Publishing, Viewing Dashboards, Management and delivery of reports through Sharepoint user interface.
Leverage Sharepoint Collaboration and work flow capabilities with rich reporting experience.
Shared security principles across SSRS and Sharepoint.
Minimize the resource usage by eliminating separate reporting server.

Architecture:

Following image shows the integration between Sharepoint and SSRS.

When you open a report from a SharePoint site, the Report Server endpoint connects to a report server, creates a session, prepares the report for processing, retrieves data, merges the report into the report layout, and displays it in the Report Viewer Web part.

The report server synchronizes operations and data with SharePoint and tracks information about the files it processes. When you modify properties or settings for any report server item, the change is stored in a SharePoint database.

Components that provides the integration:

To combine the servers in a single deployment, you integrate an installation of SQL Server Reporting Services with an instance of SharePoint products.

On SharePoint side, it provides the Reporting Services Add-in provides the Report Server proxy endpoint, a Report Viewer Web part, and application pages so that you can view, store, and manage report server content on a SharePoint site or farm.

On Reporting Services side, it provides updated program files, a SOAP endpoint, and custom security and delivery extensions. The report server must be configured to run in SharePoint integrated mode, dedicated exclusively to supporting report access and delivery through your SharePoint site.

After you install the Reporting Services Add-in on SharePoint and configure the two servers for integration, you can upload or publish report server content types to a SharePoint library, and then view and manage those documents from a SharePoint site. Uploading or publishing report server content is an important first step; the Web Part and pages become available when you select report definitions (.rdl), report models (.smdl) and shared data sources (.rsds) on a SharePoint site.

Supported and unsupported features SharePoint add-in and Report Server :

Not all features are supported in all combinations of report server, Reporting Services add-in for SharePoint, and SharePoint Products. The recommended and most complete combination is to use SharePoint 2010 Products, the SQL Server 2008 R2 Reporting Services add-in for SharePoint 2010 Products, and SQL Server 2008 R2 report server in SharePoint Integrated mode.Here is the link which provides the supported ans un supported features of SharePoint add-in and Report Server.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb326290.aspx

Top 10 FAQs for Admins about BCS

2011-02-24T00:21:00.001-08:00

Thanks to Business Connectivity Services (BCS), it’s now easy to integrate external data into SharePoint 2010. If you’re a SharePoint administrator keen to know what BCS is, what it offers, and how to manage it in your SharePoint environment, this top 10 list is for you.

1. What is BCS? BCS enables SharePoint 2010 and Microsoft Office 2010 applications to read and write data from external systems, such as databases, web services, and custom-built applications. BCS provides tools that streamline development to deeply integrate external data and services. To learn more about BCS, see the MSDN article “Business Connectivity Services Overview.”

2. How different is BCS from the Business Data Catalog?The major difference between the Business Data Catalog that’s available in Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS) 2007 and BCS in SharePoint 2010 is that Business Data Catalog is a read-only service, but BCS enables create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations on the external system.

3. What is the BDC service in SharePoint 2010? Business Data Connectivity (BDC) is a shared service that lets users build declarative models, which expose the external data to SharePoint 2010 and Office 2010 applications. BDC is the data connectivity to different external systems and the set of operations for BCS to interact with the external system.

4. How do I manage BCS? BCS is a service application. You manage service applications from SharePoint Central Administration. You manage BCS in the BDC service metadata store by using the BCS service application. Multiple instances of this service application can be created for different external systems if needed.

5. What are external content types? External content types are the building blocks of BCS. They describe the schema and data access capabilities of an external data source and its behavior within SharePoint 2010 and Office 2010 applications, enabling interaction with the external data. To learn more about external content types, see the MSDN article “What Are External Content Types?”

6. What is the BDC service metadata store? The BDC service metadata store contains all the BDC models, external content types, and external systems available in the farm. You manage it from the BCS service application in the SharePoint Central Administration website.

7. How do I manage permissions, security, and access to the external data in BCS? Permissions can be applied to the metadata store and to every object in the metadata store, and they can be associated with an individual account or a group. You should be aware of two security principles: BDC service authentication, which deals with authenticating with the BDC model and the external system; and BDC service authorization, which deals with user access to the external data managed by BCS. These controls shouldn’t be confused with the permissions set in the external data system. Permissions set in the BDC service metadata store apply only to connections from SharePoint 2010 and Office 2010 applications to the external system.

8. Is BCS available in SharePoint Foundation 2010? Yes, BCS is included in both SharePoint Foundation 2010 and SharePoint Server 2010. However, the BCS features available in SharePoint Foundation 2010 are limited when compared to the features available in SharePoint Server 2010.

9. Can I upgrade from Business Data Catalog to BCS?Yes, upgrading from Business Data Catalog to BCS is supported. To learn more about planning your upgrade to BCS, see the TechNet article “Plan to upgrade to Business Connectivity Services.”

10. Is SharePoint Search integrated with BCS? Yes, you can configure SharePoint Search to crawl external data. You can create a new content source of type Line of Business Data and configure search for your BDC service. To learn more about searching external data using BCS, see the blog post“Searching External Data in SharePoint 2010 Using Business Connectivity Services.”

Tags and Notes in Sharepoint MySites

2011-02-02T01:42:00.001-08:00

Tags and Notes in MySites

Tags and notes is one of the key featuring in Sharepoint 2010 my sites. This shows the likes and tags of the users which let other users know more about them.

How it works?

When the user clicked on "I like it" or "Tags and Notes" links at the top right of the each page it will ask the name and notes about that tag.

This will be stored as tag to that page and displayed on the users MySite under "Tags and Content"

Removing the inappropriate tags

If the users post something which is inappropriate, Farm administrator has ability of managing those tags by navigating the following link.

SP Central Administration à Application Management à Manage service applications à Click on User Profile Service Application à Manage Social Tags and Notes

This provides a Search page as follows which shows the tags belong to particular page or users. Farm Admin can remove these tags if they are inappropriate.

Please find the following TechNet article to know more about Privacy and security implications of social tagging.

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff608006.aspx#sectionHidden

2010-11-10T06:09:00.001-08:00

Project Server 2010 Architecture
Microsoft Project Server 2010 is a true multi-tiered system that extends the architecture introduced in Microsoft Office Project Server 2007. The Project Server architecture includes Microsoft Project Professional 2010 and Project Web App clients in the front-end tier. The front-end applications communicate with the middle tier only through the Project Server Interface (PSI) Web services, which in turn communicate with the business object layer. Business objects use the databases through the data access layer (DAL). Client applications do not directly access the primary databases; Project Server hides business objects and the DAL from clients.
The major differences between Project Server 2010 and Office Project Server 2007 are the following:

Project Server 2010 requires Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 to be installed on the computer running Project Server and on all Project Web App servers within a SharePoint farm.
The PSI includes both the Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) interface and the ASMX interface for Web services.
The Project Server workflow platform is integrated in the PSI, business object layer, and DAL, and built on Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) in the SharePoint platform.
In Project Server 2010, you can use the WCF or the ASMX interface of the PSI. The Project Web App and Project Professional 2010 clients both use the WCF interface.
The PSI Forwarder in the following diagram consists of two components, a WCF Forwarder and a Web Service Forwarder. Clients that use the ASMX interface call the PSI through the Web Service Forwarder. Clients that use the WCF interface call the PSI through the WCF Forwarder.

The SharePoint Web Services site is part of SharePoint Server 2010 and is not shown in the following diagram. The SharePoint Web Services site includes the Project Service Application with the PSI virtual directory for the ASMX and WCF services. The Project Service Application in Project Server 2010 replaces the Shared Services Application in Project Server 2007.

Architecture of Project Server 2010

The front-end tier includes third-party applications, Project Professional, and Project Web App. Project Web App uses Internet Explorer to display Microsoft ASP.NET 3.5 pages. The Project Web App pages use Project Server Web Parts that communicate with the PSI and also use standard SharePoint Server 2010 Web Parts.
Client applications on separate computers call the PSI through service proxies. External clients that use the WCF interface access the PSI through http://ServerName/ProjectServerName/_vti_bin/psi/ProjectServer.svc. Clients that use the ASMX Web service interface use one of the Project Web App URLs, such as http://server1/pwa/_vti_bin/psi/project.asmx. If applications do not have intranet access to Project Server, they can use a Project Web App server in a perimeter network.
If they can directly access the Project Server computer, client applications and back-end components of line-of-business (LOB) Web applications can use PSI proxies that use the Project Server service application URL for the PSI Web services, such as http://server1:32843/ProjectServiceApplication/project.asmx. Port 32843 is the default port for the SharePoint Web Services application in SharePoint Server 2010. Direct access to the Project Service Application virtual directory should be used only when an application needs to use impersonation or run with elevated permissions.
The middle tier includes the PSI and the business logic layer, which consists of logical business objects that represent Project Server business entities. Business objects include Project, Task, Resource, Assignment, and so forth. The PSI and the business logic tier are tightly coupled and are located on the same server. A client application calls the PSI Web services, and the PSI invokes business objects in the business logic tier.
The DAL provides communication between the middle tier and the database. All Project Server data is stored in Microsoft SQL Server databases. The Project Server databases are factored into the following stores: Draft, Published, Archive, and Reporting. Client applications can read the Reporting database for project data. Clients should use only the PSI to access the Draft, Published, or Archive databases. The Reporting Data Service (RDS, which is not shown in Figure 1) updates the Reporting database from published data in nearly real time. In Project Server 2010, all of the Project Server databases can be located on separate servers.
The Project Web App components of Project Server also use the SharePoint Foundation 2010 configuration database for project site setup and the content database for project site content such as custom pages, workflows, management settings, documents, and lists of issues, risks, and commitments. The SharePoint configuration and content databases support additional features for project management, such as project templates and workspaces, custom lists for team collaboration, and reports.

Project Server Interface

The PSI is the API of Project Server. The PSI object model exposes Project Server functionality to all external applications. Project Professional 2010, Project Web App, LOB, and other third-party applications use the PSI to access Project Server data in the Draft, Published, and Archive databases. The PSI is available through WCF services and through ASMX Web service calls by back-end LOB applications, or through a PSI proxy.

Data Access Layer and Databases
The DAL is internal to Project Server and is not exposed to external applications. The DAL translates between the logical business entity representation of the data and the physical database tables. Each logical entity is stored in a number of different tables. The DAL encapsulates the work required to manage connections, execute queries, and begin/commit/roll back transactions.
Project Server data is partitioned into four databases in SQL Server.

The Draft database contains tables for saving unpublished projects from Project Professional and other applications. Project Web App does not show project data in the Draft database.
The Published database contains all of the published projects and enterprise resources, the enterprise global template, and other project templates. Published projects are visible in Project Web App. The Published database also contains tables that are specific to Project Web App (timesheets, models, views, and so on), and global data tables (custom fields, lookup tables, security, and metadata).
The Archive database saves backup versions of projects and other data.
The Reporting database (RDB) is the staging area for generating reports and OLAP cubes. Data in the Reporting database is comprehensive and is updated nearly in real time. The tables and views are optimized for read-only report generation; for example, the RDB tables are denormalized to provide redundant data and reduce the number of relational tables.

EPM --> MS Project --> MS Project Server

2010-10-18T01:41:00.001-07:00

EPM:

Enterprise Project Management (EPM), is the field of organizational development that supports organizations in managing Projects, Resources and the Cost of the projects.
EPM provides the proper governance for the projects which are running under the organizations in terms of Schedules, Cost and Resources.
Schedules meant for creating tasks related to the project to be completed in a particular timeframe. Cost includes the money and the time spent to the project and Resources stands for the people and resources needed for completing the project.
EPM is very useful to make life easier for the managers to manage, monitor, and assess the status of all projects under them.
Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is also a part of the EPM which is used to create a portfolio (per budget size, per calendar year, per budget year, per business line, etcetera) for projects.
Project Portfolio Management also includes the creation of various scenarios to decide which is the most optimal portfolio (for a certain year, business, budget, etcetera)
There is already number of tools available for EPM in the market. "Microsoft Project and Microsoft Project Sever" are the tools which have been provided By Microsoft for adopting EPM Capabilities.

Microsoft Project:

Microsoft Project (or MSP or WinProj) is a project management software program developed and sold by Microsoft which is designed to assist project managers in developing plans, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing budgets and analyzing workloads.
MSP is a Microsoft Office tool the can be used to create applications that creates critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain methodology Schedules can be resource leveled, and chains are visualized in a Gantt chart. Additionally, Project can recognize different classes of users. These different classes of users can have differing access levels to projects, views, and other data. Custom objects such as calendars, views, tables, filters, and fields are stored in an enterprise global which is shared by all users.
Microsoft Project 2010 features the Ribbon user interface; the current Version for the MSP is 2010.
The following diagram shows the basic look of a project which has been created using project sever 2010.

The above diagram shows the project which has been created by manager which contains all main Phases involved in that project. The Gantt chart shows the Schedules for each phase.
This contains Menu with all the capabilities includes task scheduling Resource management.

All these above can be done when we have been installed with MS Project Software. These files cannot be useful if we don't have project. This leads Microsoft to Develop Microsoft Office Project server 2010.

Microsoft Office Project Sever 2010
1) Microsoft Office Project Server is a project management server solution made by Microsoft. It uses Windows SharePoint Services as its foundation, and supports both a web interface and Microsoft Project as the client application.
2) Microsoft extends the capabilities of Microsoft Project with Project Server and Project Web Access. Microsoft Project Server stores project information in a central SQL Server database, protected from unauthorized access and corruption. A Project Administrator can control security defining users and access rights.
3) Being it built on Sharepoint, We can extend its capabilities by developing the Webpart programming and can use Sharepoint object model for programming from other applications using SP API's.
4) The following screen shows a project created by the manager in the Project Sever 2010 Web application.

5) We can sync this application with MS Project by creating project service application in Sharepoint.

SharePoint 2010 Search

2010-10-18T01:34:00.001-07:00

1) Search connects people to the information they need to get their jobs done. General productivity search solutions increase employee efficiency by connecting a broad set of people to a broad set of information.

Microsoft Provides following search Capabilities for Sharepoint Enterprise Search

a) SharePoint Foundation 2010
b) Search Server 2010 Express
b) Search Server 2010
d) SharePoint Server 2010
e) FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint

2) Microsoft provides SharePoint Foundation 2010 and Search Server 2010 Express free of charge for you to use on licensed Windows® servers. These entry level products offer the ability to crawl and index content and provide a user interface for executing queries against the catalog of crawled content.

3) SharePoint Server 2010 and Microsoft Search Server 2010 offer improved scalability and options for indexing content from many different sources, while fulfilling the configurability, manageability, and reporting requirements of your organization.

4) SharePoint Server 2010 provides a great platform for creating general productivity search applications.

5) FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint is a new product from Microsoft, and it delivers the power of FAST with the simplicity and total cost of ownership (TCO) benefits of Microsoft products. FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint further enhances the crawling, content processing, user interface, and scale
of SharePoint Server 2010.

Feature Comparison

You can use the following table to make quick comparisons of the enterprise search features provided by each product in the SharePoint 2010 Products.

Feature	SharePoint Foundation 2010	Search Server 2010 Express	Search Server 2010	SharePoint Server 2010	FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint
Basic site search	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Best Bets		Y	Y	Y	Y
Visual Best Bets					Y
Similar Results					Y
Duplicate Results	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Search Scopes		Y	Y	Y	Y
RSS Feeds for Search Results	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Alerts for Search Results	Y*	Y*	Y*	Y*
Advanced Search Page		Y	Y	Y	Y
Search Enhancement based on User Contexts					Y
Crawled and Managed Properties		Y	Y	Y	Y**
Entity Extraction					Y
Query Federation		Y	Y	Y	Y
Query Suggestions		Y	Y	Y	Y
Sort Results on Managed Properties or Rank Profiles					Y
Relevancy Tuning by Document or Site Promotions		Y	Y	Y	Y**
Shallow Results Refinement		Y	Y	Y	Y
Deep Results Refinement					Y
Document Preview					Y
Windows 7 Federation		Y	Y	Y	Y
People Search				Y	Y
Phonetic Name Search***				Y	Y
Nickname Search***				Y	Y
Self Search				Y	Y
Social Search				Y	Y
Taxonomy Integration				Y	Y
Multi-Tenant Hosting				Y
Rich Web Indexing Support					Y

First Steps

There are some general tasks you will need to perform when you are evaluating search products or implementing enterprise search solutions that meet your organization's requirements. The following sections can help you get started.

Identify your content

The first step you need to take before performing any actions is to identify the content in your organization that you want to index. Content from SharePoint sites is automatically included in all of the SharePoint search products, but you can also index content from file shares, Microsoft Exchange public folders, external Web sites, Lotus Notes databases, and your line-of-business applications.

You can also use SharePoint Designer 2010 or Visual Studio 2010 to create Business Data Catalog applications that enable custom databases, Web services, and other custom solutions to be indexed.

Note: SharePoint Foundation 2010 can only index content in SharePoint sites. All other enterprise search products from Microsoft can index content in the content repositories mentioned above by using the connector framework.

FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint also provides enhanced capabilities for indexing business intelligence data. You can obtain the Business Intelligence Indexing Connector to provide enhanced search and analysis for business intelligence assets.

Crawl your content

The next step is to crawl the content in the content repositories that you have identified. You can implement both full and incremental crawl schedules to ensure that indexed data is as fresh as possible.

The new index partitioning capabilities of Search Server 2010, SharePoint Server 2010, and FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint enable you to balance the indexing load (and query load) across servers that are dedicated to provide search for large amounts of content.

Scale your search infrastructure

One of the design goals for Search Server 2010 and SharePoint Server 2010 is to provide sub-second query response times for up to 100 million indexed documents. For FAST Search Server 2010 is designed to provide sub-second query response times for more than 1 billion indexed documents. To achieve sub-second query response times for your organization you may need to scale your server farm to include multiple query servers. Additionally, to ensure that indexed data is as fresh as possible when indexing a large number of documents, you may need to include multiple indexers. The highly componentized architecture of the enterprise search products from Microsoft enables you to do just that; for example, you can implement partitioned indexes on multiple indexers to be able to cope with crawling demands, and you can include multiple query servers to balance the query processing load at search time.

Customize the end-user search experience

Optionally, you may want to provide a customized user interface so that information workers can search for information and manipulate results in the most efficient way for your business. The Enterprise Search Center for SharePoint Server 2010 and the FAST Search Center are highly customizable without requiring developer effort. For example, you can create search scopes, modify properties of search Web Parts, apply XSLT styles, and apply themes to search centers with minimal effort. All of this can be done through the Web browser or by using SharePoint Designer 2010.

If you need to customize the search experience further, then developers can create a completely customized user interface by creating new Web Parts that inherit functionality from the existing search Web Parts. Furthermore, the search API is completely open so developers can create new paradigms and ways of working with search, such as by creating new Web Parts or even Silverlight applications that run searches and render results.

Customize the content processing pipeline

One of the key differentiators between FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint and other search products is the ease with which you can customize content processing at indexing time. FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint enables you to create your own metadata extractors that will be used in the content processing pipeline. This enables you to define how managed properties are populated from crawled content, and you can then use that metadata in deep refiners; you can then include these organization-specific vocabularies in the metadata refinement panel which enables you to provide search solutions in the terms and language of your business.

Sharepoint 2010 Basics

2010-08-19T22:52:00.000-07:00

Here im posting some Brief points from Sharepoint 2010 That I learn from Microsoft Virtual Techdays yesterday.
1) Introduction to SharePoint 2010 :

a) In Introduction they have explained about the base Architecture of the Sharepoint 2010 and what changes have been made in 2010 from 2007.

b) This even concentrated on how to get data from sharepoint to the other applications using REST client services.

c) REST Services in Sharepoint has been established as WCF service. They named it as listdata.svc. This located under _vti_bin folder.

d) Also Explained about Sandbox solutions and the difference between sandbox and Farm Solutions.

2) Sharepoint 2010 and custom workflows :

a) In this section they explained about Different types of work flows available in Sharepoint 2010.

b) Previously there are three ways to create workflows, They are using Browser Based, Designer based and VS Based.

c) Now we can even use Visio 2010 to create workflows. An example has been shown to create workflows using visio.

d) Selecting tool to create workflow will be based on the business it is going to approch.

3) Business Connectivity Services in SharePoint 2010:

a) Business Data Catalog in Sharepoint 2007 is now Enhanced as Business Connectivity Services in Sharepoint 2010.

b) This is responsible for all Data operations including Search in Sharepoint 2010.

c) Search Service uses a new Query Language called FQL to retrieve the data.

d) There are two Key areas BCS. They are Presentation, Connectivity. For presentation there are meny webparts are provided according to the Requirement. And for connectivity there are different driver to connect Other databases and WCF communication with other applications.

4) SharePoint 2010 and Silverlight:

a) The rich interface of Sharepoint 2010 is because of Silverlight. Every thing include popups are developed using silverlight in Sharepoint 2010.

b) We can create a silverlight applications and we can Deploy that wsp to sharepoint to use those xaml files as webparts in sharepoint.

c) We can even Connect Data in Sharepoint with Silverlight applications. An example has been provided this.

Here are some URLS to learn Sharepoint 2010 form Basic to Advanced level.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint/ee513148.aspx

http://www.microsoftpdc.com/

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/office/default.aspx

All the videos and Slides of this Sessions are uploaded to the techdays site. We can refer them when ever we want.

Sharepoint Backup Scheduling using Powershell

2010-07-22T01:50:00.000-07:00

So long i have been waiting for a good topic to post!!
Here we go

This is about powershell backup script to automate sharepoint backups.

Hope most of you got a good idea about microsoft new revolution PowerShell. That even rocking Sharepoint 2010.
(To know more about Windows poweshell click
Here)
(To know more about Sharepoint poweshell click Here)

* Refers to the above links Windows powershell runs with powershell commands.
* These powershell script files will be stored with extension .ps1
* To run this script files user needs to be provided with powershell admin priviliges.
* You can use Backup-SPFarm to do it. For help and examples, type get-help Backup-SPFarm -examples.

For example, the follow script will start a full backup to .

Backup-SPFarm -Directory -BackupMethod full

Save it as .ps1 . You may need to use "set-executionpolicy RemoteSigned" to allow a local unsigned ps1 file to run.

And put the following as your scheduled command line, or inside your batch file....
powershell -command .ps1

In task scheduler, the account need to be set to the one who has admin permissions (or at least with powershell permission)

otherwise it cannot run properly.

When you do a Farm level backup, SharePoint tells SQL to do database dump to that location. Here are some things that have to

work in order for a farm backup to work:

1.Your Central Admin app pool account must have read/write access to the location of the backups.
2.Your SQL Service account must have read/write access to the location of the backups.
3.If you're running a farm backup from STSADM or Windows PowerShell, the account you're running it as must have read/write

access to the location of the backups
4.The location must be accessible from the SharePoint machine the backup is running on.
5.The location must be accessible from the SQL instance that SharePoint is trying to back up.
6.This is why all the examples are UNCs, \\server\share, and not local paths, C:\backups
7.Hope that helps

Go through following links which refers to write powershell script for Web applications,Site collections,Sites and lists or

libraries

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee428315.aspx

Programming Against a List Using the Lists Web Service

2010-06-30T22:58:00.001-07:00

Program against lists in SharePoint 2010, which enables you to manage, create, read,

update, and delete (CRUD) operations against the list. To program against a list, follow these steps:

1. Open Visual Studio 2010 and click File ➪ New ➪ Project. In the New Project dialog, navigate to

the Windows templates under the Installed Templates gallery and select “WPF application.”

2. Provide a name for your application (forexample, WPFSPListApp) and a location,

and then click OK. Visual Studio 2010will create a new solution for you that

includes a number of files. Right-click the MainWindow.xaml file, and select View

Designer (if the view is not already open).

3. Add five labels, four textboxes, and three buttons to your Designer from the Toolbox

so that the UI looks similar to Figure 2-20. Table 2-1 provides a summary of the control

types and names that you will add to the WPF application.

4. The UI uses a type of XML syntax called Extended Application Markup Language (XAML), which

is specific to Windows WPF and Silverlight applications. The XML must be well formed, and,

when you drag and drop controls from the Toolbox onto the designer surface, the XAML will

automatically be generated for you. You’ll need to add a couple of event handlers to the button

controls to manage the loading of the SharePoint list data into the application. So, after you add

the button controls to the Designer, go to the XAML code view, click your mouse within the button

element, and press the spacebar. This will trigger IntelliSense, allowing you to select the Click

event. Accept the default event handler name, and Visual Studio will add a method for your buttons

in the code behind. The XAML for your application should look something like the following:

xmlns=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation”

xmlns:x=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml”

Title=”MainWindow” Height=”300” Width=”500”>

Height=”28”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”21,14,0,0”

Name=”lblTitle”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”162”

FontWeight=”Bold”

FontSize=”13” />

Height=”28”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”21,56,0,0”

Name=”lblCompanyName”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”120” />

Height=”28”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”21,90,0,0”

Name=”lblRegion”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”120” />

Height=”28”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”21,124,0,0”

Name=”lblSize”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

54 ❘ Chapter 2 Getting Started with SharePoint 2010 Development

Width=”120” />

Height=”28”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”21,158,0,0”

Name=”lblSales”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”120” />

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”119,56,0,0”

Name=”txtbxCompanyName”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”245” />

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”119,90,0,0”

Name=”txtbxRegion”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”245” />

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”119,124,0,0”

Name=”txtbxSize”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”245” />

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”119,158,0,0”

Name=”txtbxSales”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”245” />

Height=”23”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”29,218,0,0”

Name=”btnUpdate”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”75”

Click=”btnUpdate_Click” />

Height=”23”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”119,218,0,0”

Name=”btnClear”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”75”

Click=”btnClear_Click” />

Height=”23”

HorizontalAlignment=”Left”

Margin=”210,218,0,0”

Name=”btnExit”

VerticalAlignment=”Top”

Width=”75”

Click=”btnExit_Click” />

Working with SharePoint Lists ❘ 55

5. Right-click the MainWindow.xaml file, and then click View Code. This will open up the code view.

6. Right-click the References project node, and select Add Service Reference. On the Add Service

Reference dialog, click the Advanced button and then click Add Web Reference on the Service

Reference Settings dialog.

7. In the Add Web Reference dialog, click the Web services on the local machine link. This will search for and display all of the Web services that are located on your developer machine, which will include the SharePoint Web services,

8. One of the Web services is the Lists service (with the endpoint listed as http:///_

vti_bin/Lists.asmx). Select this service. Note that you may need to change the Web service

URL to reflect your local server, for example http://fabrikamhockey/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx.

Provide a name for the service (for example, MySPWebService) and click Add Reference. (You can

also explore the Web methods that are a part of that service before you click Add Reference.)

9. At this point, you can add an event handler for each of the buttons in your WPF UI (which should

already be stubbed out for you). The Update button is the one button that will leverage the

Web service connection to SharePoint. You’ll also require a set of class-level variables to get the

user input and pass that into the Lists Web service. When you call the Lists Web service, you’ll

also need to create an XML construct that passes the data from your WPF application to your

SharePoint list. This XML is called the Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML).

56 ❘ Chapter 2 Getting Started with SharePoint 2010 Development

10. The following code snippet illustrates the three event handlers, one for each of the buttons. The

bolded code is what you will need to add to the default code that is created for you by Visual

Studio. If you use the accompanying source code, you’ll need to ensure that you update the Web

service reference (by re-adding the service to the Visual Studio project), and update any URL references

in the code. For example, you would need to update the following line of code:

myListService.Url =

“http:///_vti_bin/Lists.asmx”;

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Navigation;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Xml;

using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace WPFSPListApp

{

public partial class MainWindow : Window

{

string strCompanyName = ““;

string strRegion = ““;

string strSize = ““;

string strSales = ““;

string strListID = ““;

string strViewID = ““;

public MainWindow()

{

InitializeComponent();

}

private void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

strCompanyName = txtbxCompanyName.Text;

strRegion = txtbxRegion.Text;

strSize = txtbxSize.Text;

strSales = “$” + txtbxSales.Text;

WPFSPListApp.MySPWebService.Lists myListService =

new MySPWebService.Lists();

myListService.Credentials =

System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

myListService.Url =

“http://fabrikamhockey/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx”;

XmlNode myListView = myListService.GetListAndView(“Customers”, ““);

Working with SharePoint Lists ❘ 57

strListID = myListView.ChildNodes[0].Attributes[“Name”].Value;

strViewID = myListView.ChildNodes[1].Attributes[“Name”].Value;

XmlDocument myListDoc = new XmlDocument();

XmlElement batchXML = myListDoc.CreateElement(“Batch”);

batchXML.InnerXml = “” +

strCompanyName + “” + strRegion +

“” + strSize +

“” + strSales +

“” + “”;

XmlNode myListReturn = myListService.

UpdateListItems(strListID, batchXML);

MessageBox.Show(“SharePoint List was updated!”);

}

private void btnClear_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

txtbxCompanyName.Text = ““;

txtbxRegion.Text = ““;

txtbxSales.Text = ““;

txtbxSize.Text = ““;

}

private void btnExit_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

Application.Current.Shutdown();

}

11. Assuming that your code reflects what is shown here, you should now be able to press F5 and run the application in Debug mode, add some string entries to the WPF application, and click Update to add the record to your SharePoint list, as shown in Figure 2-22.

Figure 2-22 Updated list How It Works The SharePoint Web services offer quite a range of functionality for the developer and should be one of your first stops when developing for SharePoint (to leverage what already ships with SharePoint).Many of these are services that were available in SharePoint 2007 and have evolved to be supported in SharePoint 2010. For those who used them in production code in 2007, this is good news, because upgrading your 2007 code should not prove too difficult.For this example, you used the Lists Web service, which provides a number of different ways to interact with a list — for example, you can add or delete a list, add an attachment to a list, get the list, and soon. In this example, you used the GetListAndView Web method, which returns a schema for a list that you pass in as a parameter to the GetListAndView method call. Note that, in this call, you passed the

name of the list, Customers, and mapped the return value to an XMLNode object.

XmlNode myListView = myListService.GetListAndView(“Customers”, ““);

The example also used CAML to insert data back into the SharePoint list. Admittedly, CAML is a little overbose, as you can see from the following line of code. (You’ll see different ways to interact with a list.

batchXML.InnerXml = “” +

strCompanyName + “” + strRegion +

“” + strSize + “”

+ strSales + “” + “”;

The last key piece in this example was the UpdateListItems method, which passed the list ID (that is,

the name of the list) and the list schema that was mapped to the CAML construct (which was further

tied to the data in the WPF client).

XmlNode myListReturn = myListService.UpdateListItems(strListID, batchXML);

While this method leverages native Web services, there are both pros and cons to using them. Pros

include ease of use and service plumbing that exists, as opposed to your having to create a custom Webservice. Cons include potential performance hits with service integration and syntax verbosity with theCAML construct.

If you followed along with this example and successfully updated your SharePoint list, then

congratulations!

You just wrote your first application against SharePoint 2010 that interacts with a

SharePoint list.

MOSS 2010 Certifications

2010-06-29T06:13:00.000-07:00

Go through The following links Explains Certifications in MOSS 2010 for Developer

Name of the certificate : Microsoft SharePoint 2010, Application Development

Code :Exam 70-573: TS

Important Links:

http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/exam.aspx?ID=70-573#tab1

http://blog.beckybertram.com/Lists/Exam%2070573%20Study%20Guide/AllItems.aspx

http://nealmcfee.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/preparation-materials-published-for-exam-70-573-ts-microsoft-sharepoint-2010-application-development/

Name of the certificate : Designing and Developing Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Applications

Code :Exam 70-576 PRO

Important Links:

http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/exam.aspx?ID=70-576#tab3

Microsoft Productivity Hub Installation in MOSS 2010

2010-06-29T05:59:00.001-07:00

Microsoft Productivity Hub

* Microsoft has developed the Productivity Hub to help support your ongoing end user training efforts.

* The Hub is a SharePoint Server 2007 site collection that serves as a learning community and is fully customizable. It

provides a central place for your training efforts, and includes training content from Microsoft’s core products. Microsoft

also provides ongoing and updated content packs.

* What the Productivity Hub is:

> Format: Pre-loaded SharePoint site collection, optimized for Web 2.0 functionality and easily deployed within

SharePoint Server 2007 environment.

> Content: Convenient end user productivity training in a variety of formats (documents, videos, podcasts, etc.).

Receive free quarterly updates of content that you will learn about through the Productivity blog.

> Blog: The Productivity blog offers tips and tricks for end user productivity. Use it as is, or your training staff

can use the posts as their own to help them get started in running an internal blog.

* What gets excited is that the hub is:

* Built on SharePoint
* Uses almost entirely out-of-the-box features
* Can be easily extended, customized, tweaked, branded
* Is easy to get setup and rolled out
* Incorporates social networking elements and pushes the concept of an internal user group

* Its like an alternative to the Learning Management System(LMS) from Microsoft that is having constamizations.

* Installation Procedure in MOSS 2007

* Download and Unzip/prepare

* Creating a site colletion in New/Existing Web Application.

* Under the directory where the Productivity Hub installation files exist, run the following command from the

command prompt:
Install [sitecollectionURL]
After the operation is completed go for IISRESET

* Configure SSP and Crawl Jobs for the site collection.

* Under the directory where the installation files exist, run the following command to create the correct search

property mappings:PostInstall [siteCollectionURL]

* Configure SSP and Crawl Jobs for the site collection again.

* Installation is now complete. You can now navigate to the Productivity Hub site in Internet Explorer and set

permissions for your end users, coaches, and managers who will need access to the Productivity Hub.

Sharepoint Interview Questions

2010-04-11T23:15:00.001-07:00

Q What is Sharepoint?
Ans: Portal Collaboration Software
.

Q What is the difference between SharePoint Portal Server and Windows SharePoint Services?

Ans: SharePoint Portal Server is the global portal offering features like global navigation and searching.Windows SharePoint Services is more content management based with document libraries andlists. You apply information to certain areas within your portal from windows sharepoint Services or directly to portal areas.

Q What is a document library?

Ans: A document library is where you upload your core documents. They consist of a row and columnview with links to the documents. When the document is updated so is the link on your site. Youcan also track metadata on your documents. Metadata would consist of document properties.

Q What is a meeting workspace?

Ans: A meeting workspace is a place to store information, attendees, and tasks related to a specificmeeting.

Q What is a document workspace?

Ans: Document workspaces consist of information surrounding a single or multiple documents.

Q What is the difference between a document library and a form library?

Ans:Document libraries consist of your core documents. An example would be a word document,excel, Powerpoint, visio, pdf, etc… Form libraries consist of XML forms.

Q What is a web part zone?

Ans: Web part zones are what your web parts reside in and help categorize your web parts when designing a page.

Q How is security managed in SharePoint?

Ans: Security can be handled at the machine,domain, or sharepoint level.

Q How are web parts developed?

Ans: Web parts are developed in Visual Studio .Net. VS.Net offers many web part and page templates and can also be downloaded from the Microsoft Site.

Q What is a site definition?

Ans: It’s a methods for providing prepackaged site and list content.

Q What is a template?

A template is a pre-defined set of functions or settings that can be used over time. There are manytemplates within SharePoint,Site Templates, Document Templates, Document Library and ListTemplates.

Q How do you install web parts?

Ans: Web Parts should be distributed as a .CAB (cabinet) file using the MSI Installer.

Q What is CAML?

Ans: CAML stands for Collaborative Application
Markup Language and is an XML-based languagethat is used in Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services to define sites and lists, including, for Eg, fields, views, or forms, but CAML is also used to define tables in the Windows SharePoint Servies database during site provisioning.

Q What is a DWP?

Ans: The file extension of a web part.

Q What is the GAC?

Ans: Global Assembly Cache folder on the server hosting SharePoint. You place your assemblies there for web parts and services to share them.

Q What are the differences between web part page gallery, site gallery,Virtual server galleryand online gallery?

Ans: Web Part Page Gallery is the default gallery that comes installed with SharePoint. Site Gallery isspecific to one site. Virtual Server gallery is specific to that virtual server and online gallery aredownloadable web parts from Microsoft.

Q What is the difference between a site and a web?

Ans: The pages in a web site generally cover one or more topics and are interconnected through hyperlinks. Most Web sites have a home page as their starting point. While a Web is simply a blank site with SharePoint functionality built in; meaning you have to create the site from the ground up.

Q What is Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services? How is it related to Microsoft OfficeSharePoint Server 2007?

Ans: Windows SharePoint Services is the solution that enables you to create Web site for information sharing and document collaboration. Windows SharePoint Services — a key piece of theinformation worker infrastructure delivered in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 — providesadditional functionality to the Microsoft Office system and other desktop applications, and itserves as a platform for application development.Office SharePoint Server 2007 builds on top of Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to provideadditional capabilities including collaboration, portal, search,Enterprise content management,business process and forms, and business intelligence.

Q. Who is Office SharePoint server 2007 designed for?

Ans: Office SharePoint Server 2007 can be used by information workers, IT administrators, and application developers.

Q. What are the main benefits of Office SharePoint Server 2007?

Ans: Office SharePoint Server 2007 provides a single integrated platform to manage intranet, extranet,and Internet applications across the enterprise.

* Business users gain greater control over the storage, security, distribution, and management oftheir electronic content, with tools that are easy to use and tightly integrated into familiar,everyday applications.

* Organizations can accelerate shared business processes with customers and partners acrossorganizational boundaries using InfoPath Forms Services–driven solutions.

* Information workers can find information and people efficiently and easily through thefacilitated information-sharing functionality and simplified content publishing. In addition, accessto back-end data is achieved easily through a browser, and views into this data can bepersonalized.

* Administrators have powerful tools at their fingertips that ease deployment, management, and system administration, so they can spend more time on strategic tasks.

* Developers have a rich platform to build a new class of applications, called Office BusinessApplications, that combine powerful developer functionality with the flexibility and ease ofdeployment of Office SharePoint Server 2007. Through the use of out-of-the-box applicationservices, developers can build richer applications with less code.

Q. What is the difference between Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites and Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007?

Ans: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites and Microsoft Office SharePoint Server2007 have identical feature functionality. While the feature functionality is similar, the usagerights are different.If you are creating an Internet, or Extranet, facing website, it is recommended that you useMicrosoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites which does not require the purchase client access licenses. Websites hosted using an “Internet sites” edition can only be used forInternet facing websites and all content, information, and applications must be accessible to nonemployees.Websites hosted using an “Internet sites” edition cannot be accessed by employees creating, sharing, or collaborating on content which is solely for internal use only, such as an Intranet Portal scenario.

Q.What suites of the 2007 Microsoft Office system work with Office SharePoint Server 2007?

Ans: Office Outlook 2007 provides bidirectional offline Synchronization with SharePoint document libraries, discussion groups, contacts, calendars, and tasks.vabnix.page.tlMicrosoft Office Groove 2007, included as part of Microsoft Office Enterprise 2007, will enable bidirectional offline synchronization with SharePoint document libraries. Features such as the document panel and the ability to publish to Excel Services will only be enabled when using Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007or Office Enterprise 2007.Excel Services will only work with documents saved in the new Office Excel 2007 file format(XLSX).

Q. How do I invite users to join a Windows SharePoint Services Site? Is the site secure?

Ans: SharePoint-based Web sites can be password-protected to restrict access to registered users, who are invited to join via e-mail. In addition, the site administrator can restrict certain members' roles by assigning different permission levels to view post and edit.

Q Can I post any kind of document?

Ans: You can post documents in many formats, including .pdf, .htm and .doc. In addition, if you are using Microsoft Office XP, you can save documents directly to your Windows SharePoint Services site.

Q Can I create custom templates?

Ans: Yes you can. You can have templates for business plans, doctor's office, lawyer's office etc.

Q. How can I make My site public?

Ans: By default, all sites are created private.If you want your site to be a public Web site, enable anonymous access for the entire site. Then you can give out your URL to anybody in yourbusiness card, e-mail or any other marketing material. The URL for your Web site will be:http:// yoursitename.wss.bcentral.comHence, please take special care to name your site.These Web sites are ideal for information and knowledge intensive sites and/or sites where youneed to have shared Web workspace.Remember: Under each parent Web site, you can create up to 10 sub-sites each with uniquepermissions, settings and security rights.

Q. How do the sub sites work?

Ans: You can create a sub site for various categories.
For example:* Departments - finance, marketing, IT* Products - electrical, mechanical, hydraulics* Projects - Trey Research, Department of Transportation, FDA* Team - Retention team, BPR team* Clients - new clients, old clients* Suppliers - Supplier 1, Supplier 2, Supplier 3* Customers - Customer A, Customer B, Customer C* Real estate - property A, property BThe URLs for each will be, for example:* http://yoursitename.wss.bcentral.com/finance* http://yoursitename.wss.bcentral.com/marketingYou can keep track of permissions for each team separately so that access is restricted whilevabnix.page.tlmaintaining global access to the parent site.

Q.How do I make my site non-restricted?

Ans: If you want your site to have anonymous access enabled (i.e., you want to treat it like any site onthe Internet that does not ask you to provide a user name and password to see the content of thesite), follow these simple steps:

# Login as an administrator
# Click on site settings
# Click on Go to Site Administration
# Click on Manage anonymous access
# Choose one of the three conditions on what Anonymous users can access:** Entire Web site** Lists and libraries** NothingDefault condition is nothing; your site has restricted access.
The default conditions allow you to create a secure site for your Web site.

Q. Can I ask users outside of my organization to participate in my Windows SharePointServices site?

Ans: Yes. You can manage this process using the Administration Site Settings. Simply add users via their e-mail alias and assign permissions such as Reader or Contributor.

Q. Are there any restrictions or requirements for accessing the Windows SharePoint Services?
Ans: No. There are no system or bandwidth limitations for international trial users. Additionallylanguage packs have been installed which allow users to set up sub-webs in languages other thanEnglish. These include: Arabic, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Italian,Japanese, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Spanish and Swedish.

Q. Are there any browser recommendations?

Ans: Yes. Microsoft recommends using the following browsers for viewing and editing WindowsSharePoint Services sites: Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 with Service Pack 2, MicrosoftInternet Explorer 5.5 with Service Pack 2, Internet Explorer 6, Netscape Navigator
6.2 or later.vabnix.page.

Q.What security levels are assigned to users?

Ans: Security levels are assigned by the administrator who is adding the user. There are four levels bydefault and additional levels can be composed as necessary.
* Reader - Has read-only access to the Web site.
* Contributor - Can add content to existing document libraries and lists.
* Web Designer - Can create lists and document libraries and customize pages in the Web site.
* Administrator - Has full control of the Web site.

Q.What is the difference between an Internet and an intranet site?
Ans: An internet site is a normal site that anyone on the internet can access (e.g., www.msn.com, www.microsoft.com, etc.). You can set up a site for your company that can be accessed by anyonewithout any user name and password.An intranet (or internal network), though hosted on the Web, can only be accessed by people whoare members of the network. They need to have a login and password that was assigned to them when they were added to the site by the site administrator.

Q. What is a workspace?

Ans: A site or workspace is when you want a new place for collaborating on Web pages, lists anddocument libraries. For example, you might create a site to manage a new team or project,collaborate on a document or prepare for a meeting.

Q.How customizable is the user-to-user access?

Ans: User permissions apply to an entire Web, not to documents themselves. However, you can haveadditional sub webs that can optionally have their own permissions. Each user can be given any offour default roles. Additional roles can be defined by the administrator.

Q.Can each user have access to their own calendar?

Ans: Yes there are two ways to do this,
* by creating a calendar for each user, or
* by creating a calendar with a view for each user.

Q. What types of files can I upload / post to the site?

Ans: The only files restricted are those ending with the following extensions: .asa, .asp, .ida, .idc, .idq.Microsoft reserves the right to add additional file types to this listing at any time. Also, no content that violates the terms of service may be uploaded or posted to the site.

Q.Can SharePoint be linked to an external data source?

Ans: SharePoint data can be opened with Access and Excel as an external data source. Thus, SharePoint can be referenced as an external data source. SharePoint itself cannot reference an external datasource.

Q. Can SharePoint be linked to a SQL database?

Ans: This is possible via a custom application, but it not natively supported by SharePoint or SQLServer.

Q.Can I customize my Windows SharePoint Services site?

Ans: YES! Windows SharePoint Services makes updating sites and their content from the browser easier then ever.SharePoint includes tools that let you create custom lists, calendars, page views, etc. You can apply a theme; add List, Survey and Document Library Web Parts to a page; create personalviews; change logos; connect Web Parts and more.To fully customize your site, you can use Microsoft FrontPage 2003. Specifically, you can useFrontPage themes and shared borders, and also use FrontPage to create photo galleries
and top tenlists, utilize standard usage reports, and integrate automatic Web content.

Q. Will Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 run on a 64-bit version of
MicrosoftWindows?
Ans: Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, Office SharePoint Server 2007, Office Forms Server 2007, andOffice SharePoint Server 2007 for Search will support 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003.

Q. What are the features that the portal components of Office SharePoint Server 2007 include?
Ans: The portal components of Office SharePoint Server 2007 include features that are especially useful for designing, deploying, and managing enterprise intranet portals, corporate Internet Websites, and divisional portal sites. The portal components make it easier to connect to people withinthe organization who have the right skills, knowledge, and project experience.

Q.What are the advanced features of MOSS 2007?
Ans: * User Interface (UI) and navigation enhancements
* Document management enhancements
* The new Workflow engine
* Office 2007 Integration
* New Web Parts
* New Site-type templates
* Enhancements to List technology
* Web Content Management
* Business Data Catalog
* Search enhancements
* Report Center
* Records Management
* Business Intelligence and Excel Server
* Forms Server and InfoPath
* The “Features” feature
* Alternate authentication providers and Forms-based authentication

Q.What are the features of the new Content management in Office SharePoint 2007?

Ans: The new and enhanced content management features in Office SharePoint Server 2007 fall within three areas:

* Document management
* Records management.
* Web content managementOffice SharePoint Server 2007 builds on the core document management functionality providedby Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, including check in and check out, versioning, metadata, and role-based granular access controls. Organizations can use this functionality to deliver enhancedauthoring, business document processing, Web content management and publishing, recordsmanagement, policy management, and support for multilingual publishing.

Q.Does a SharePoint Web site include search functionality?

Ans: Yes. SharePoint Team Services provides a powerful text-based search feature that helps you finddocuments and information fast.

Q.What are the benefits of Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007?

Ans: * Provide a simple, familiar, and consistent user experience.* Boost employee productivity by simplifying everyday business activities.* Help meet regulatory requirements through comprehensive control over content.* Effectively manage and repurpose content to gain increased business value.* Simplify organization-wide access to both structured and unstructured information acrossdisparate systems.* Connect people with information and expertise.* Accelerate shared business processes across organizational boundaries.* Share business data without divulging sensitive information.* Enable people to make better-informed decisions by presenting business-critical information inone central location.* Provide a single, integrated platform to manage intranet, extranet, and Internet applicationsacross the enterprise.

Q.Will SharePoint Portal Server and Team Services ever merge?

Ans: The products will come together because they are both developed by the Office team.

Q.What does partial trust mean the Web Part developer?

Ans: If an assembly is installed into the BIN directory, the code must be ensured that provides errorhandling in the event that required permissions are not available. Otherwise, unhandled securityexceptions may cause the Web Part to fail and may affect page rendering on the page where theWeb Part appears.

Q.How can I raise the trust level for assemblies installed in the BIN directory?

Ans: Windows SharePoint Services can use any of the following three options from ASP.NET and the CLR to provide assemblies installed in the BIN directory with sufficient permissions. The following table outlines the implications and requirements for each option.

1.Option Pros Cons Increase the trust level for the entire virtual server.
In a development environment,increasing the trust level allows you to test an assembly with increased permissions while allowing you to recompile assemblies directly into the BIN directory without resetting IIS. This option is least secure. This option affects all assemblies used by the virtual server.There is no guarantee the destination server has the required trust level. Therefore, Web Parts may not work once installed on the destination server.

2.Create a custom policy file for your assemblies. For more information, see "How do I create acustom policy file?" Recommended approach.This option is most secure.An assembly can operate with a unique policy that meets the minimum permission requirementsfor the assembly.By creating a custom security policy, you can ensure the destination server can run your WebParts.

3.Requires the most configuration of all three options.Install your assemblies in the GACEasy to implement.This grants Full trust to your assembly without affecting the trust level of assemblies installed inthe BIN directory.This option is less secure.Assemblies installed in the GAC are available to all virtual servers and applications on a serverrunning Windows SharePoint Services. This could represent a potential security risk as itpotentially grants a higher level of permission to your assembly across a larger scope thannecessaryIn a development environment, you must reset IIS every time you recompile assemblies.Licensing issues may arise due to the global availability of your assembly.

Q. Does SharePoint work with NFS? Yes and no.

Ans: It can crawl documents on an NFS volume, but the sharepoint database or logs cannotbe stored there.

Q.How is SharePoint Portal Server different from the Site Server?
Ans: Site Server has search capabilities but these are more advanced using SharePoint. SPS uses digital dashboard technology which provides a nice interface for creating web parts and showing them ondashboards (pages). SS doesn't have anything as advanced as that. The biggest difference wouldbe SPS document management features which also integrate with web folders and MS Office.

Sharepoint Interview Questions

2010-04-11T23:12:00.001-07:00

115 questions total, not for the weak. Covers everything from basics to JDBC connectivity, AWT and JSP.

2010-01-27T20:42:00.000-08:00

115 questions total, not for the weak. Covers everything from basics to JDBC connectivity, AWT and JSP.
1.What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?- a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code. b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program, it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
2.What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?- Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions.
3.What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?- Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
4.What is OOPs?- Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code.
5.What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?- Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized when created. Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
6.What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?- Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is allocated to it.
7.What is the difference between constructor and method?- Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
8.What are methods and how are they defined?- Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method’s signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.
9.What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?- Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.
10.What is casting?- Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
11.How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?- An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference. Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.
12.What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?- While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
13.What are different types of access modifiers?- public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages. default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
14.What is final, finalize() and finally?- final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables. A final class cannot be subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure methods. A final method can’t be overridden. A final variable can’t change from its initialized value. finalize() : finalize() method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection. finally : finally, a key word used in exception handling, creates a block of code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the code following the try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example, if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
15.What is UNICODE?- Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other.
16.What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly?- When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to call it explicitly.
17.What is finalize() method?- finalize () method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection.
18.What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?- Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object’s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
19.What is method overloading and method overriding?- Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding.
20.What is difference between overloading and overriding?- a) In overloading, there is a relationship between methods available in the same class whereas in overriding, there is relationship between a superclass method and subclass method. b) Overloading does not block inheritance from the superclass whereas overriding blocks inheritance from the superclass. c) In overloading, separate methods share the same name whereas in overriding, subclass method replaces the superclass. d) Overloading must have different method signatures whereas overriding must have same signature.
21.What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?- Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by subclasses.
22.What is the difference between this() and super()?- this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor.
23.What is the difference between superclass and subclass?- A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting.
24.What modifiers may be used with top-level class?- public, abstract and final can be used for top-level class.
25.What are inner class and anonymous class?- Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private. Anonymous class : Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.
26.What is a package?- A package is a collection of classes and interfaces that provides a high-level layer of access protection and name space management.
27.What is a reflection package?- java. lang. reflect package has the ability to analyze itself in runtime.
28.What is interface and its use?- Interface is similar to a class which may contain method’s signature only but not bodies and it is a formal set of method and constant declarations that must be defined by the class that implements it. Interfaces are useful for: a)Declaring methods that one or more classes are expected to implement b)Capturing similarities between unrelated classes without forcing a class relationship. c)Determining an object’s programming interface without revealing the actual body of the class.
29.What is an abstract class?- An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is deliberately incomplete.
30.What is the difference between Integer and int?- a) Integer is a class defined in the java. lang package, whereas int is a primitive data type defined in the Java language itself. Java does not automatically convert from one to the other. b) Integer can be used as an argument for a method that requires an object, whereas int can be used for calculations.
31.What is a cloneable interface and how many methods does it contain?- It is not having any method because it is a TAGGED or MARKER interface.
32.What is the difference between abstract class and interface?- a) All the methods declared inside an interface are abstract whereas abstract class must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract. b) In abstract class, key word abstract must be used for the methods whereas interface we need not use that keyword for the methods. c) Abstract class must have subclasses whereas interface can’t have subclasses.
33.Can you have an inner class inside a method and what variables can you access?- Yes, we can have an inner class inside a method and final variables can be accessed.
34.What is the difference between String and String Buffer?- a) String objects are constants and immutable whereas StringBuffer objects are not. b) String class supports constant strings whereas StringBuffer class supports growable and modifiable strings.
35.What is the difference between Array and vector?- Array is a set of related data type and static whereas vector is a growable array of objects and dynamic.
36.What is the difference between exception and error?- The exception class defines mild error conditions that your program encounters. Exceptions can occur when trying to open the file, which does not exist, the network connection is disrupted, operands being manipulated are out of prescribed ranges, the class file you are interested in loading is missing. The error class defines serious error conditions that you should not attempt to recover from. In most cases it is advisable to let the program terminate when such an error is encountered.
37.What is the difference between process and thread?- Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution in a program.
38.What is multithreading and what are the methods for inter-thread communication and what is the class in which these methods are defined?- Multithreading is the mechanism in which more than one thread run independent of each other within the process. wait (), notify () and notifyAll() methods can be used for inter-thread communication and these methods are in Object class. wait() : When a thread executes a call to wait() method, it surrenders the object lock and enters into a waiting state. notify() or notifyAll() : To remove a thread from the waiting state, some other thread must make a call to notify() or notifyAll() method on the same object.
39.What is the class and interface in java to create thread and which is the most advantageous method?- Thread class and Runnable interface can be used to create threads and using Runnable interface is the most advantageous method to create threads because we need not extend thread class here.
40.What are the states associated in the thread?- Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states.
41.What is synchronization?- Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the resources at a time.
42.When you will synchronize a piece of your code?- When you expect your code will be accessed by different threads and these threads may change a particular data causing data corruption.
43.What is deadlock?- When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be deadlock.
44.What is daemon thread and which method is used to create the daemon thread?- Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the back ground doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread.
45.Are there any global variables in Java, which can be accessed by other part of your program?- No, it is not the main method in which you define variables. Global variables is not possible because concept of encapsulation is eliminated here.
46.What is an applet?- Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser.
47.What is the difference between applications and applets?- a)Application must be run on local machine whereas applet needs no explicit installation on local machine. b)Application must be run explicitly within a java-compatible virtual machine whereas applet loads and runs itself automatically in a java-enabled browser. d)Application starts execution with its main method whereas applet starts execution with its init method. e)Application can run with or without graphical user interface whereas applet must run within a graphical user interface.
48.How does applet recognize the height and width?- Using getParameters() method.
49.When do you use codebase in applet?- When the applet class file is not in the same directory, codebase is used.
50.What is the lifecycle of an applet?- init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method - Can be called each time an applet is started. paint() method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized. stop() method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet’s page. destroy() method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.
51.How do you set security in applets?- using setSecurityManager() method
52.What is an event and what are the models available for event handling?- An event is an event object that describes a state of change in a source. In other words, event occurs when an action is generated, like pressing button, clicking mouse, selecting a list, etc. There are two types of models for handling events and they are: a) event-inheritance model and b) event-delegation model
53.What are the advantages of the model over the event-inheritance model?- The event-delegation model has two advantages over the event-inheritance model. They are: a)It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. This allows a clean separation between a component’s design and its use. b)It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. This performance improvement is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does not have to be repeatedly process unhandled events as is the case of the event-inheritance.
54.What is source and listener?- source : A source is an object that generates an event. This occurs when the internal state of that object changes in some way. listener : A listener is an object that is notified when an event occurs. It has two major requirements. First, it must have been registered with one or more sources to receive notifications about specific types of events. Second, it must implement methods to receive and process these notifications.
55.What is adapter class?- An adapter class provides an empty implementation of all methods in an event listener interface. Adapter classes are useful when you want to receive and process only some of the events that are handled by a particular event listener interface. You can define a new class to act listener by extending one of the adapter classes and implementing only those events in which you are interested. For example, the MouseMotionAdapter class has two methods, mouseDragged()and mouseMoved(). The signatures of these empty are exactly as defined in the MouseMotionListener interface. If you are interested in only mouse drag events, then you could simply extend MouseMotionAdapter and implement mouseDragged() .
56.What is meant by controls and what are different types of controls in AWT?- Controls are components that allow a user to interact with your application and the AWT supports the following types of controls: Labels, Push Buttons, Check Boxes, Choice Lists, Lists, Scrollbars, Text Components. These controls are subclasses of Component.
57.What is the difference between choice and list?- A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requires you to pull it down to see the list of available choices and only one item may be selected from a choice. A List may be displayed in such a way that several list items are visible and it supports the selection of one or more list items.
58.What is the difference between scrollbar and scrollpane?- A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container whereas Scrollpane is a Conatiner and handles its own events and perform its own scrolling.
59.What is a layout manager and what are different types of layout managers available in java AWT?- A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container. The different layouts are available are FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBagLayout.
60.How are the elements of different layouts organized?- FlowLayout: The elements of a FlowLayout are organized in a top to bottom, left to right fashion. BorderLayout: The elements of a BorderLayout are organized at the borders (North, South, East and West) and the center of a container. CardLayout: The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, on top of the other, like a deck of cards. GridLayout: The elements of a GridLayout are of equal size and are laid out using the square of a grid. GridBagLayout: The elements of a GridBagLayout are organized according to a grid. However, the elements are of different size and may occupy more than one row or column of the grid. In addition, the rows and columns may have different sizes.
61.Which containers use a Border layout as their default layout?- Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a BorderLayout as their layout.
62.Which containers use a Flow layout as their default layout?- Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
63.What are wrapper classes?- Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
64.What are Vector, Hashtable, LinkedList and Enumeration?- Vector : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects. Hashtable : The Hashtable class implements a Hashtable data structure. A Hashtable indexes and stores objects in a dictionary using hash codes as the object’s keys. Hash codes are integer values that identify objects. LinkedList: Removing or inserting elements in the middle of an array can be done using LinkedList. A LinkedList stores each object in a separate link whereas an array stores object references in consecutive locations. Enumeration: An object that implements the Enumeration interface generates a series of elements, one at a time. It has two methods, namely hasMoreElements() and nextElement(). HasMoreElemnts() tests if this enumeration has more elements and nextElement method returns successive elements of the series.
65.What is the difference between set and list?- Set stores elements in an unordered way but does not contain duplicate elements, whereas list stores elements in an ordered way but may contain duplicate elements.
66.What is a stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the Streams?- A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information. There are two types of Streams and they are: Byte Streams: Provide a convenient means for handling input and output of bytes. Character Streams: Provide a convenient means for handling input & output of characters. Byte Streams classes: Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely InputStream and OutputStream. Character Streams classes: Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely Reader and Writer.
67.What is the difference between Reader/Writer and InputStream/Output Stream?- The Reader/Writer class is character-oriented and the InputStream/OutputStream class is byte-oriented.
68.What is an I/O filter?- An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and writes to another, usually altering the data in some way as it is passed from one stream to another.
69.What is serialization and deserialization?- Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects.
70.What is JDBC?- JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This API consists of a set of classes and interfaces to enable programs to write pure Java Database applications.
71.What are drivers available?- a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-Java driver c) JDBC-Net Pure Java driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver
72.What is the difference between JDBC and ODBC?- a) OBDC is for Microsoft and JDBC is for Java applications. b) ODBC can’t be directly used with Java because it uses a C interface. c) ODBC makes use of pointers which have been removed totally from Java. d) ODBC mixes simple and advanced features together and has complex options for simple queries. But JDBC is designed to keep things simple while allowing advanced capabilities when required. e) ODBC requires manual installation of the ODBC driver manager and driver on all client machines. JDBC drivers are written in Java and JDBC code is automatically installable, secure, and portable on all platforms. f) JDBC API is a natural Java interface and is built on ODBC. JDBC retains some of the basic features of ODBC.
73.What are the types of JDBC Driver Models and explain them?- There are two types of JDBC Driver Models and they are: a) Two tier model and b) Three tier model Two tier model: In this model, Java applications interact directly with the database. A JDBC driver is required to communicate with the particular database management system that is being accessed. SQL statements are sent to the database and the results are given to user. This model is referred to as client/server configuration where user is the client and the machine that has the database is called as the server. Three tier model: A middle tier is introduced in this model. The functions of this model are: a) Collection of SQL statements from the client and handing it over to the database, b) Receiving results from database to the client and c) Maintaining control over accessing and updating of the above.
74.What are the steps involved for making a connection with a database or how do you connect to a database?a) Loading the driver : To load the driver, Class. forName() method is used. Class. forName(”sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver”); When the driver is loaded, it registers itself with the java. sql. DriverManager class as an available database driver. b) Making a connection with database: To open a connection to a given database, DriverManager. getConnection() method is used. Connection con = DriverManager. getConnection (”jdbc:odbc:somedb”, “user”, “password”); c) Executing SQL statements : To execute a SQL query, java. sql. statements class is used. createStatement() method of Connection to obtain a new Statement object. Statement stmt = con. createStatement(); A query that returns data can be executed using the executeQuery() method of Statement. This method executes the statement and returns a java. sql. ResultSet that encapsulates the retrieved data: ResultSet rs = stmt. executeQuery(”SELECT * FROM some table”); d) Process the results : ResultSet returns one row at a time. Next() method of ResultSet object can be called to move to the next row. The getString() and getObject() methods are used for retrieving column values: while(rs. next()) { String event = rs. getString(”event”); Object count = (Integer) rs. getObject(”count”);
75.What type of driver did you use in project?- JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver (is a driver that uses native(C language) libraries and makes calls to an existing ODBC driver to access a database engine).
76.What are the types of statements in JDBC?- Statement: to be used createStatement() method for executing single SQL statement PreparedStatement — To be used preparedStatement() method for executing same SQL statement over and over. CallableStatement — To be used prepareCall() method for multiple SQL statements over and over.
77.What is stored procedure?- Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that forms a logical unit and performs a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on database. Stored procedures can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results and may have any combination of input/output parameters.
78.How to create and call stored procedures?- To create stored procedures: Create procedure procedurename (specify in, out and in out parameters) BEGIN Any multiple SQL statement; END; To call stored procedures: CallableStatement csmt = con. prepareCall(”{call procedure name(?,?)}”); csmt. registerOutParameter(column no. , data type); csmt. setInt(column no. , column name) csmt. execute();
79.What is servlet?- Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as java-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a company’s order database.
80.What are the classes and interfaces for servlets?- There are two packages in servlets and they are javax. servlet and
81.What is the difference between an applet and a servlet?- a) Servlets are to servers what applets are to browsers. b) Applets must have graphical user interfaces whereas servlets have no graphical user interfaces.
82.What is the difference between doPost and doGet methods?- a) doGet() method is used to get information, while doPost() method is used for posting information. b) doGet() requests can’t send large amount of information and is limited to 240-255 characters. However, doPost()requests passes all of its data, of unlimited length. c) A doGet() request is appended to the request URL in a query string and this allows the exchange is visible to the client, whereas a doPost() request passes directly over the socket connection as part of its HTTP request body and the exchange are invisible to the client.
83.What is the life cycle of a servlet?- Each Servlet has the same life cycle: a) A server loads and initializes the servlet by init () method. b) The servlet handles zero or more client’s requests through service() method. c) The server removes the servlet through destroy() method.
84.Who is loading the init() method of servlet?- Web server
85.What are the different servers available for developing and deploying Servlets?- a) Java Web Server b) JRun g) Apache Server h) Netscape Information Server i) Web Logic
86.How many ways can we track client and what are they?- The servlet API provides two ways to track client state and they are: a) Using Session tracking and b) Using Cookies.
87.What is session tracking and how do you track a user session in servlets?- Session tracking is a mechanism that servlets use to maintain state about a series requests from the same user across some period of time. The methods used for session tracking are: a) User Authentication - occurs when a web server restricts access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a recognized username and password. b) Hidden form fields - fields are added to an HTML form that are not displayed in the client’s browser. When the form containing the fields is submitted, the fields are sent back to the server. c) URL rewriting - every URL that the user clicks on is dynamically modified or rewritten to include extra information. The extra information can be in the form of extra path information, added parameters or some custom, server-specific URL change. d) Cookies - a bit of information that is sent by a web server to a browser and which can later be read back from that browser. e) HttpSession- places a limit on the number of sessions that can exist in memory. This limit is set in the session. maxresidents property.
88.What is Server-Side Includes (SSI)?- Server-Side Includes allows embedding servlets within HTML pages using a special servlet tag. In many servlets that support servlets, a page can be processed by the server to include output from servlets at certain points inside the HTML page. This is accomplished using a special internal SSINCLUDE, which processes the servlet tags. SSINCLUDE servlet will be invoked whenever a file with an. shtml extension is requested. So HTML files that include server-side includes must be stored with an . shtml extension.
89.What are cookies and how will you use them?- Cookies are a mechanism that a servlet uses to have a client hold a small amount of state-information associated with the user. a) Create a cookie with the Cookie constructor: public Cookie(String name, String value) b) A servlet can send a cookie to the client by passing a Cookie object to the addCookie() method of HttpServletResponse: public void HttpServletResponse. addCookie(Cookie cookie) c) A servlet retrieves cookies by calling the getCookies() method of HttpServletRequest: public Cookie[ ] HttpServletRequest. getCookie().
90.Is it possible to communicate from an applet to servlet and how many ways and how?- Yes, there are three ways to communicate from an applet to servlet and they are: a) HTTP Communication(Text-based and object-based) b) Socket Communication c) RMI Communication
91.What is connection pooling?- With servlets, opening a database connection is a major bottleneck because we are creating and tearing down a new connection for every page request and the time taken to create connection will be more. Creating a connection pool is an ideal approach for a complicated servlet. With a connection pool, we can duplicate only the resources we need to duplicate rather than the entire servlet. A connection pool can also intelligently manage the size of the pool and make sure each connection remains valid. A number of connection pool packages are currently available. Some like DbConnectionBroker are freely available from Java Exchange Works by creating an object that dispenses connections and connection Ids on request. The ConnectionPool class maintains a Hastable, using Connection objects as keys and Boolean values as stored values. The Boolean value indicates whether a connection is in use or not. A program calls getConnection() method of the ConnectionPool for getting Connection object it can use; it calls returnConnection() to give the connection back to the pool.
92.Why should we go for interservlet communication?- Servlets running together in the same server communicate with each other in several ways. The three major reasons to use interservlet communication are: a) Direct servlet manipulation - allows to gain access to the other currently loaded servlets and perform certain tasks (through the ServletContext object) b) Servlet reuse - allows the servlet to reuse the public methods of another servlet. c) Servlet collaboration - requires to communicate with each other by sharing specific information (through method invocation)
93.Is it possible to call servlet with parameters in the URL?- Yes. You can call a servlet with parameters in the syntax as (?Param1 = xxx || m2 = yyy).
94.What is Servlet chaining?- Servlet chaining is a technique in which two or more servlets can cooperate in servicing a single request. In servlet chaining, one servlet’s output is piped to the next servlet’s input. This process continues until the last servlet is reached. Its output is then sent back to the client.
95.How do servlets handle multiple simultaneous requests?- The server has multiple threads that are available to handle requests. When a request comes in, it is assigned to a thread, which calls a service method (for example: doGet(), doPost() and service()) of the servlet. For this reason, a single servlet object can have its service methods called by many threads at once.
96.What is the difference between TCP/IP and UDP?- TCP/IP is a two-way communication between the client and the server and it is a reliable and there is a confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a phone call. UDP is a one-way communication only between the client and the server and it is not a reliable and there is no confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a postal mail.
97.What is Inet address?- Every computer connected to a network has an IP address. An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer on the Net. An IP address is a 32-bit number.
98.What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?- It is very difficult to remember a set of numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS) is used to overcome this problem. It maps one particular IP address to a string of characters. For example, www. mascom. com implies com is the domain name reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the name of the company and www is the name of the specific computer, which is mascom’s server.
99.What is URL?- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource files on the Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address. com:80/index.html, where http - protocol name, address - IP address or host name, 80 - port number and index.html - file path.
100.What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?- Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine and to invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI registry f) Run the application
101.What is RMI architecture?- RMI architecture consists of four layers and each layer performs specific functions: a) Application layer - contains the actual object definition. b) Proxy layer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote Reference layer - gets the stream of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the proxy layer. d) Transportation layer - responsible for handling the actual machine-to-machine communication.
102.what is UnicastRemoteObject?- All remote objects must extend UnicastRemoteObject, which provides functionality that is needed to make objects available from remote machines.
103.Explain the methods, rebind() and lookup() in Naming class?- rebind() of the Naming class(found in java. rmi) is used to update the RMI registry on the server machine. Naming. rebind(”AddSever”, AddServerImpl); lookup() of the Naming class accepts one argument, the rmi URL and returns a reference to an object of type AddServerImpl.
104.What is a Java Bean?- A Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a variety of different environments.
105.What is a Jar file?- Jar file allows to efficiently deploying a set of classes and their associated resources. The elements in a jar file are compressed, which makes downloading a Jar file much faster than separately downloading several uncompressed files. The package java. util. zip contains classes that read and write jar files.
106.What is BDK?- BDK, Bean Development Kit is a tool that enables to create, configure and connect a set of set of Beans and it can be used to test Beans without writing a code.
107.What is JSP?- JSP is a dynamic scripting capability for web pages that allows Java as well as a few special tags to be embedded into a web file (HTML/XML, etc). The suffix traditionally ends with .jsp to indicate to the web server that the file is a JSP files. JSP is a server side technology - you can’t do any client side validation with it. The advantages are: a) The JSP assists in making the HTML more functional. Servlets on the other hand allow outputting of HTML but it is a tedious process. b) It is easy to make a change and then let the JSP capability of the web server you are using deal with compiling it into a servlet and running it.
108.What are JSP scripting elements?- JSP scripting elements lets to insert Java code into the servlet that will be generated from the current JSP page. There are three forms: a) Expressions of the form that are evaluated and inserted into the output, b) Scriptlets of the formthat are inserted into the servlet’s service method, and c) Declarations of the form that are inserted into the body of the servlet class, outside of any existing methods.
109.What are JSP Directives?- A JSP directive affects the overall structure of the servlet class. It usually has the following form: However, you can also combine multiple attribute settings for a single directive, as follows: There are two main types of directive: page, which lets to do things like import classes, customize the servlet superclass, and the like; and include, which lets to insert a file into the servlet class at the time the JSP file is translated into a servlet
110.What are Predefined variables or implicit objects?- To simplify code in JSP expressions and scriptlets, we can use eight automatically defined variables, sometimes called implicit objects. They are request, response, out, session, application, config, pageContext, and page.
111.What are JSP ACTIONS?- JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to control the behavior of the servlet engine. You can dynamically insert a file, reuse JavaBeans components, forward the user to another page, or generate HTML for the Java plugin. Available actions include: jsp:include - Include a file at the time the page is requested. jsp:useBean - Find or instantiate a JavaBean. jsp:setProperty - Set the property of a JavaBean. jsp:getProperty - Insert the property of a JavaBean into the output. jsp:forward - Forward the requester to a newpage. Jsp: plugin - Generate browser-specific code that makes an OBJECT or EMBED
112.How do you pass data (including JavaBeans) to a JSP from a servlet?- (1) Request Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans, a request dispatcher (using either “include” or forward”) can be called. This bean will disappear after processing this request has been completed. Servlet: request. setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); RequestDispatcher rd = getServletContext(). getRequestDispatcher(”thepage. jsp”); rd. forward(request, response); JSP PAGE:(2) Session Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans that are relevant to a particular session (such as in individual user login) over a number of requests. This bean will disappear when the session is invalidated or it times out, or when you remove it. Servlet: HttpSession session = request. getSession(true); session. putValue(”theBean”, myBean); /* You can do a request dispatcher here, or just let the bean be visible on the next request */ JSP Page: 3) Application Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans that are relevant to all servlets and JSP pages in a particular app, for all users. For example, I use this to make a JDBC connection pool object available to the various servlets and JSP pages in my apps. This bean will disappear when the servlet engine is shut down, or when you remove it. Servlet: GetServletContext(). setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); JSP PAGE:
113.How can I set a cookie in JSP?- response. setHeader(”Set-Cookie”, “cookie string”); To give the response-object to a bean, write a method setResponse (HttpServletResponse response) - to the bean, and in jsp-file:
114.How can I delete a cookie with JSP?- Say that I have a cookie called “foo, ” that I set a while ago & I want it to go away. I simply:
115.How are Servlets and JSP Pages related?- JSP pages are focused around HTML (or XML) with Java codes and JSP tags inside them. When a web server that has JSP support is asked for a JSP page, it checks to see if it has already compiled the page into a servlet. Thus, JSP pages become servlets and are transformed into pure Java and then compiled, loaded into the server and executed.

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GridView Control In ASP.NET

2009-12-25T23:26:00.000-08:00

GridView Control:

> Gridview will display multiple records in a tabular format.
> Gridview supports different types of customization like sorting,paging,inline editing
etc..

Syntax: Dataset ds=new DataSet();
da.fill(ds,"p");
Gridview1.Datasource= ds.tables["p"];
Gridview1.DataBind();

Note: DataSource will maintain address of memory component.
Databind will read records in a tabuler format.
Component Based Approach:

In real time Scenario, Component based approach will be based on for following reasons.

* Reputability
* Better Maintenance.
* Securing Database location from website Developer.

Creating A dll:-
*Goto New-> classlibrary project name: database lib
-e:\aspnet100
*goto class1.cs
..

using system.Data.Sqlclient;
using System.Data;
namespace datalib
{
public class mycomponent
{
public dataset getinfo(string sql)
{
sqlconnection con=new sqlconnection("userid=sa;password=;database=pubs");
SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter(sql,con);
dataset ds=dataset();
da.fill(ds,"demo");
return(ds);
}
}
}

build database lib then,This dll will be used by website developer to consume database logic.

Accessing DLL:

website menu.
|
Select add reference
|
browse[tab]
|
databaselib.dll

Gridview with sorting:-

Gridview supports implementation,this requires two steps

* allows sorting property to be true,this will provide column headings with hyperlinks.

* handling sorting event procedure,this will be executed towards column heading click.

Grid view with paging:-

paging is the concept of splitting bulk amount of data[info] into smaller blocks called pages,
only one page information will be downloaded at a time.this makes downloading fast.

this can be done in three steps.

1) allow paging property to true.
2) provide page size and navigation buttons.
3) handling page index change event procedure,it will be executed towards navigation button click.

properties:-
allow paging- true
page size- 5
position: Top Bottom
pagersettings:mode: nexpreviousfirstlast
firstpagetext: first;
lastpagetext: last;
previouspagetext: previous;
nextpagetext: next;

* events to be executed for paging
page index change of gridview-> Properties->eventschange

Grid view Fields:-
Customization fields

1) Bound Field:- it will display normal text based on dataset table column name,it is default field.

2) Template Field:- Used as a container for placing web server control into gridview.
(Need to insert manually in source view.)

3) Image Field:- it will place image with integration based on image name present in dataset table
columns.and webpage name[url] present in dataset table columns.

4) Hyperlink Field:- it will place hyperlink into grid view based on text and webpage name[url] present
in dataset table columns.

5) Command Field :- this provides special type of buttons,this will be binded to events of gridview.
select button- selected index changed event of gridview.
edit button- row editing event.

Placing the above fields:

gridview1 props,
|
remove auto generate fields checkbox selection.

select required field from available fields.

change properties according to requirement.

ASP or PHP which is better?

2009-12-23T02:00:00.000-08:00

ASP or PHP which is better?

While making website, and specially when learning programming, people get most confusion which language to learn whether asp or php, so to clear that confusion let evaluate some basic things Required on programming...

Server or platform:

ASP runs only in windows ( can also run on Linux
but not supported by many host and not so compatible), while php runs on both Linux and windows server
. So its clear that ASP is most expensive to run coz we need window server
and then iis .. even though iis is free but window server cost much more.

Database:
ASP supports all databases but its best run with access and ms sql. If your application requires more users and more constant hit then ASP is better coz you can use mssql which is far better than mysql. But if you have fewer users then you can also use access with asp but the main problem with access is, it cant handle more concurrent hits and crashes most of the time. ASP doesn’t runs well with mysql, you may get problems on paging . PHP runs best with mysql, and also support mssql. Best part of mysql with php is its more versatile and easy in compare to asp with mssql. MYsql is simple and easy to use while mssql is more complex. If your database size is less than 2GB then you must use mysql with PHP but if you have high size database then mssql is the option.
The main draw back of asp code on database is, when you create record set asp will load all the data to the record set . So no matter you are showing few records , yours recordset is holding lots of data and if you have 10000's of records your asp application may hang. So you must use Store Procedure with mssql or view with access. But in PHP you dont have that problem.

Programming comfortable:
If you know both asp and php language programming is easy on both side. PHP is more c/c++ style programming but that doesn’t mean that you have to program is oops way. ASP is more VB style programming. As per the online resources is concern you will get php recourses more than asp. With php you can also easily work on server related programming like dns, meta data e.t.c but in asp its very hard to work on server side manipulation and you need special permission to do that from admin. Many Window server provider dont give you advance access that you need to work for asp program like folder permission, root parent path enable e.t.c while in php you can do it easy with ftp command.

Business point of view:
Mainly customers dont know what programming language , they need their program on. but many have cheap hosting with linux so they may ask you to make on php. Since there are many php programmer in comparison with asp one, you may have chance to get more work being asp programmer. But it just assumption. As per my experience making program on asp is more profitable than in asp as many programmer or business owner they get less asp programmer and for advance programming you can find your customer easily. while in php there are many php programmer so competition is high and even though demand is high, you chance of getting work is less... ( just a perception)

Extra cost:
Many add-ons for php are free ( if hosted on Linux). but with asp you need to pay for almost everything like mail component, ftp component, image upload component e.t.c

Conclusion:

By above idea we can say that PHP Programming is cheaper than ASP programming. but with database if you have complicated requirement i suggest ASP than php. As per the programming is concern, since resources of php are widely available than asp so its easy to program php than asp but as per the syntax and programming concern its of no difference.

ADO.NET In Brief

2009-12-22T22:35:00.000-08:00

ADO.NET :-

ADO.NET comes with two iportant things
1) .net dataprovider
2) Dataset

.net DataProvider:-

.net Data Provider is a collection of classes to perform different operations with database.It comes with 5 .net
data Providers.

1) OLEDB.net data provider.
2) Sqlserver.net data provider.
3) Oracle.net data provider.
4) ODBC.net data provider.
5) SQLSERVERCE.net data provider.[reqired for smart devices]

Other companies like mysql provided .net providers are called "Third party Data Providers"

Each of above have set of rules provided for communication with DB.This is called native protocol
like TDS[Tabuler Data String] and TDS[Tabuler Network Substrate] for SQLServer and Oracle.

DataReader:-

*Data Reader is a Readonly Forword only Process.

Readonly-> It Doesn't Support Manips[insert,update,delete]
Forwordonly -> It supports reading records in Forward Direction.

Data Reader Will fetch Record by Record Into Application Process,this consumes only one record memory at a time.This is
strongly recommended when app Req is reading data only once without manipulation.

Limitations:
1) Datareader cannot maintain multiple tables with Multiple tables with multiple Databases as a offline storage.It can
maintain only with DB connectivity.
2) Data Reader Doesn't support bidirectional Navigations and Maniplations.
3) DR cannot be trasmitted on network wire across platforms.
4) The Solution for the Above Is DATASET.

Data Set:-
1) Dataset Acts like inmemory database for client application process,it is a collection of tables called "Data Tables".
2) Dataset is an independent component with in the form of Dataset class with in system.namespace.
3) Dataset Internal storage is XML, This supports cross platform transmission.it supports bidirectional transmission.

Data Adapter:-

1)This is a collection of command objects it acts like mediater between dataset and databese server.
2) DataAdaper makes dataset purely disconnected by performing two things.
1)It will read data from database to dataset.
2)It will apply dataset manips to database.
3)DataAdapter Doesn't Have any Importance without DataSet.
4) Fill Method of DB will perform 3 Things.
1) It will establish the connection.
2) It will send stmt to DB using DR.
3) It will close the connection.

Data Binding:-

1) Databinding is the concept of Assigning memory address to control for presentation.will reduce coding burden on developer.
2) The control can be called ad bound control, It can be a grid view or repeater ..,etc

PHP Interview Questions

2009-12-22T03:55:00.000-08:00

1 :: How To Download and Install PHP on Windows?
PHP is one of the most popular languages to develop dynamic Web pages. It supports all major database servers, including: MySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle, mSQL, Sybase, etc.

If you are developing a Web application that uses PHP and needs to access MS SQL Server, you should go download and install PHP to your local machine to practice PHP and SQL Server connection. The best way to download and install PHP on Windows systems is to:

* Go to http://www.php.net, which is the official Web site for PHP.
* Click the Downloads menu link. You will see the PHP download page.
* Go to the "Windows Binaries" section, and click "PHP 5.2.3 zip package" link to download PHP binary version for Windows in ZIP format.
* Save the downloaded file, php-5.2.3-Win32.zip with 9,847,499 bytes, in C:Temp directory.
* Unzip the downloaded file into directory C:php.

You are done. No need to run any installation program.
2 :: How To Check Your PHP Installation?
PHP provides two execution interfaces: Command Line Interface (CLI) and Common Gateway Interface (CGI). If PHP is installed in the php directory on your system, you can try this to check your installation:

* Run "phpphp -v" command to check the Command Line Interface (CLI).
* Run "phpphp-cgi -v" command to check the Common Gateway Interface (CGI).

If you see PHP printing the version information on your screen for both commands, your installation is ok. Open a command window and run the commands below:

C:>phpphp -v
PHP 5.2.2 (cli) (built: May 2 2007 19:18:26)
Copyright (c) 1997-2007 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.2.0 Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Zend Technologies

C:>phpphp-cgi -v
PHP 5.2.2 (cgi-fcgi) (built: May 2 2007 19:18:25)
Copyright (c) 1997-2007 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.2.0 Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Zend Technologies

3 :: How To Download and Install PHP for Windows?
The best way to download and install PHP on Windows systems is to:

► Go to http://www.php.net, which is the official Web site for PHP.
► Download PHP binary version for Windows in ZIP format.
► Unzip the downloaded file into a directory.

You are done. No need to run any install program.
4 :: Where Are PHP Configuration Settings Stored?
PHP stores configuration settings in a file called php.ini in PHP home directory. You can open it with any text editor to your settings.
5 :: How To Run a PHP Script?
A standard alone PHP script can be executed directly with the PHP Command Line Interface (CLI). Write the following script in a file called hello.php:

This script can be executed by CLI interface like this:

phpphp hello.php

You should see the "Hello world!" message printed on your screen.
6 :: What Are the Special Characters You Need to Escape in Single-Quoted Stings?
There are two special characters you need to escape in a single-quote string: the single quote (') and the back slash (). Here is a PHP script example of single-quoted strings:

echo 'Hello world!';
echo 'It's Friday!';
echo '\ represents an operator.';
?>

This script will print:

Hello world!It's Friday! represents an operator.

7 :: Can You Specify the "new line" Character in Single-Quoted Strings?
You can not specify the "new line" character in a single-quoted string. If you don't believe, try this script:

echo 'n will not work in single quoted strings.';
?>

This script will print:

n will not work in single quoted strings.

How Many Escape Sequences Are Recognized in Single-Quoted Strings?

There are 2 escape sequences you can use in single-quoted strings:

► \ - Represents the back slash character.
► ' - Represents the single quote character.

8 :: What Are the Special Characters You Need to Escape in Double-Quoted Stings?
There are two special characters you need to escape in a double-quote string: the double quote (") and the back slash (). Here is a PHP script example of double-quoted strings:

echo "Hello world!";
echo "Tom said: "Who's there?"";
echo "\ represents an operator.";
?>

This script will print:

Hello world!Tom said: "Who's there?" represents an operator.

9 :: How Many Escape Sequences Are Recognized in Double-Quoted Strings in PHP?
There are 12 escape sequences you can use in double-quoted strings:

► \ - Represents the back slash character.
► " - Represents the double quote character.
► $ - Represents the dollar sign.
► n - Represents the new line character (ASCII code 10).
► r - Represents the carriage return character (ASCII code 13).
► t - Represents the tab character (ASCII code 9).
► { - Represents the open brace character.
► } - Represents the close brace character.
► [ - Represents the open bracket character.
► ] - Represents the close bracket character.
► nnn - Represents a character as an octal value.
► xnn - Represents a character as a hex value.

10 :: How To Include Variables in Double-Quoted Strings in PHP?
Variables included in double-quoted strings will be interpolated. Their values will be concatenated into the enclosing strings. For example, two statements in the following PHP script will print out the same string:
$variable = "and";
echo "part 1 $variable part 2n";
echo "part 1 ".$variable." part 2n";
?>

This script will print:

part 1 and part 2
part 1 and part 2
11 :: How Many Ways to Include Variables in Double-Quoted Strings in PHP?
There are 3 formats to include variables in double-quoted strings:

► "part 1 $variable part 2" - This is the simplest format to include a variable in a string. The variable name starts with the dollar sign and ends at the first character that can not be used in variable name. Space is good character to end a variable name.
► "part 1${variable}part 2" - This format helps you to clearly end the variable name. The variable name starts at dollar sign before the open brace (${) and ends at the close brace (}).
► "part 1{$variable}part 2" - This format is also called complex format. You use this format to specify any complex variable expression in the same way as in a normal statement. The variable expression starts at ({$) followed by a variable name and ends at (}).

Here is a PHP script example of different ways to include variables in double-quoted strings:

$beer = 'Heineken';
echo "$beer's taste is great.n";
echo "He drank some ${beer}s and water.n";
echo "She drank some {$beer}s and water.n";
?>

This script will print:

Heineken's taste is great.
He drank some Heinekens and water.
She drank some Heinekens and water.
12 :: How Many Ways to Include Array Elements in Double-Quoted Strings using PHP?
There are 2 formats to include array elements in double-quoted strings in PHP:

► "part 1 $array[key] part 2" - This is called simple format. In this format, you can not specify the element key in quotes.
► "part 1 {$array['key']} part 2" - This is called complex format. In this format, the array element expression is specified in the same way as in a normal statement.

Here is a PHP script example of different ways to include variables in double-quoted strings:

$fruits = array('strawberry' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow');
echo "A banana is $fruits[banana].n";
echo "A banana is {$fruits['banana']}.n";
?>

This script will print:

A banana is yellow.
A banana is yellow.

"A banana is $fruits['banana'].n" will give you a syntax error.
13 :: How To Access a Specific Character in a String using PHP?
Any character in a string can be accessed by a special string element expression:

► $string{index} - The index is the position of the character counted from left and starting from 0.

Here is a PHP script example:

$string = 'It's Friday!';
echo "The first character is $string{0}n";
echo "The first character is {$string{0}}n";
?>

This script will print:

The first character is It's Friday!{0}
The first character is I

14 :: How To Assigning a New Character in a String using PHP?
The string element expression, $string{index}, can also be used at the left side of an assignment statement. This allows you to assign a new character to any position in a string. Here is a PHP script example:

$string = 'It's Friday?';
echo "$stringn";
$string{11} = '!';
echo "$stringn";
?>

This script will print:

It's Friday?
It's Friday!

15 :: How To Concatenate Two Strings Together in PHP?
You can use the string concatenation operator (.) to join two strings into one. Here is a PHP script example of string concatenation:

echo 'Hello ' . "world!n";
?>

This script will print:

Hello world!
16 :: How To Compare Two Strings with Comparison Operators in PHP?
PHP supports 3 string comparison operators, <, ==, and >, that generates Boolean values. Those operators use ASCII values of characters from both strings to determine the comparison results. Here is a PHP script on how to use comparison operators:

$a = "PHP is a scripting language.";
$b = "PHP is a general-purpose language.";
if ($a > $b) {
print('$a > $b is true.'."n");
} else {
print('$a > $b is false.'."n");
}
if ($a == $b) {
print('$a == $b is true.'."n");
} else {
print('$a == $b is false.'."n");
}
if ($a < $b) {
print('$a < $b is true.'."n");
} else {
print('$a < $b is false.'."n");
}
?>

This script will print:

$a > $b is true.
$a == $b is false.
$a < $b is false.

17 :: How To Convert Numbers to Strings in PHP?
In a string context, PHP will automatically convert any numeric value to a string. Here is a PHP script examples:

print(-1.3e3);
print("n");
print(strlen(-1.3e3));
print("n");
print("Price = $" . 99.99 . "n");
print(1 . " + " . 2 . " = " . 1+2 . "n");
print(1 . " + " . 2 . " = " . (1+2) . "n");
print(1 . " + " . 2 . " = 3n");
print("n");
?>

This script will print:

-1300
5
Price = $99.99
3
1 + 2 = 3
1 + 2 = 3

The print() function requires a string, so numeric value -1.3e3 is automatically converted to a string "-1300". The concatenation operator (.) also requires a string, so numeric value 99.99 is automatically converted to a string "99.99". Expression (1 . " + " . 2 . " = " . 1+2 . "n") is a little bit interesting. The result is "3n" because concatenation operations and addition operation are carried out from left to right. So when the addition operation is reached, we have "1 + 2 = 1"+2, which will cause the string to be converted to a value 1.
18 :: How To Convert Strings to Numbers in PHP?
In a numeric context, PHP will automatically convert any string to a numeric value. Strings will be converted into two types of numeric values, double floating number and integer, based on the following rules:

► The value is given by the initial portion of the string. If the string starts with valid numeric data, this will be the value used. Otherwise, the value will be 0 (zero).
► If the valid numeric data contains '.', 'e', or 'E', it will be converted to a double floating number. Otherwise, it will be converted to an integer.

19 :: How To Get the Number of Characters in a String?
You can use the "strlen()" function to get the number of characters in a string. Here is a PHP script example of strlen():

print(strlen('It's Friday!'));
?>

This script will print:

12

20 :: How To Remove White Spaces from the Beginning and/or the End of a String in PHP?
There are 4 PHP functions you can use remove white space characters from the beginning and/or the end of a string:

► trim() - Remove white space characters from the beginning and the end of a string.
► ltrim() - Remove white space characters from the beginning of a string.
► rtrim() - Remove white space characters from the end of a string.
► chop() - Same as rtrim().

White space characters are defined as:

► " " (ASCII 32 (0x20)), an ordinary space.
► "t" (ASCII 9 (0x09)), a tab.
► "n" (ASCII 10 (0x0A)), a new line (line feed).
► "r" (ASCII 13 (0x0D)), a carriage return.
► "" (ASCII 0 (0x00)), the NULL-byte.
► "x0B" (ASCII 11 (0x0B)), a vertical tab.
Here is a PHP script example of trimming strings:
$text = "t t Hello world!t t ";
$leftTrimmed = ltrim($text);
$rightTrimmed = rtrim($text);
$bothTrimmed = trim($text);
print("leftTrimmed = ($leftTrimmed)n");
print("rightTrimmed = ($rightTrimmed)n");
print("bothTrimmed = ($bothTrimmed)n");
?>

This script will print:
leftTrimmed = (Hello world! )
rightTrimmed = ( Hello world!)
bothTrimmed = (Hello world!)

21 :: How To Remove the New Line Character from the End of a Text Line in PHP?
If you are using fgets() to read a line from a text file, you may want to use the chop() function to remove the new line character from the end of the line as shown in this PHP script:

$handle = fopen("/tmp/inputfile.txt", "r");
while ($line=fgets()) {
$line = chop($line);
# process $line here...
}
fclose($handle);
?>

22 :: How To Remove Leading and Trailing Spaces from User Input Values in PHP?
If you are taking input values from users with a Web form, users may enter extra spaces at the beginning and/or the end of the input values. You should always use the trim() function to remove those extra spaces as shown in this PHP script:

$name = $_REQUEST("name");
$name = trim($name);
# $name is ready to be used...
?>

23 :: How to Find a Substring from a Given String in PHP?
To find a substring in a given string, you can use the strpos() function. If you call strpos($haystack, $needle), it will try to find the position of the first occurrence of the $needle string in the $haystack string. If found, it will return a non-negative integer represents the position of $needle. Othewise, it will return a Boolean false. Here is a PHP script example of strpos():

$haystack1 = "2349534134345globalguideline16504381640386488129";
$haystack2 = "globalguideline234953413434516504381640386488129";
$haystack3 = "guideline234953413434516504381640386488129ggl";
$pos1 = strpos($haystack1, "globalguideline");
$pos2 = strpos($haystack2, "globalguideline");
$pos3 = strpos($haystack3, "globalguideline");
print("pos1 = ($pos1); type is " . gettype($pos1) . "n");
print("pos2 = ($pos2); type is " . gettype($pos2) . "n");
print("pos3 = ($pos3); type is " . gettype($pos3) . "n");
?>

This script will print:

pos1 = (13); type is integer
pos2 = (0); type is integer
pos3 = (); type is boolean
"pos3" shows strpos() can return a Boolean value

24 :: What Is the Best Way to Test the strpos() Return Value in PHP?
Because strpos() could two types of values, Integer and Boolean, you need to be careful about testing the return value. The best way is to use the "Identical(===)" operator. Do not use the "Equal(==)" operator, because it does not differentiate "0" and "false". Check out this PHP script on how to use strpos():

$haystack = "needle234953413434516504381640386488129";
$pos = strpos($haystack, "needle");
if ($pos==false) {
print("Not found based (==) testn");
} else {
print("Found based (==) testn");
}
if ($pos===false) {
print("Not found based (===) testn");
} else {
print("Found based (===) testn");
}
?>

This script will print:

Not found based (==) test
Found based (===) test

Of course, (===) test is correct.
25 :: How To Take a Substring from a Given String in PHP?
If you know the position of a substring in a given string, you can take the substring out by the substr() function. Here is a PHP script on how to use substr():

$string = "beginning";
print("Position counted from left: ".substr($string,0,5)."n");
print("Position counted form right: ".substr($string,-7,3)."n");
?>

This script will print:

Position counted from left: begin
Position counted form right: gin

substr() can take negative starting position counted from the end of the string.

26 :: How To Replace a Substring in a Given String in PHP?
If you know the position of a substring in a given string, you can replace that substring by another string by using the substr_replace() function. Here is a PHP script on how to use substr_replace():

$string = "Warning: System will shutdown in NN minutes!";
$pos = strpos($string, "NN");
print(substr_replace($string, "15", $pos, 2)."n");
sleep(10*60);
print(substr_replace($string, "5", $pos, 2)."n");
?>

This script will print:

Warning: System will shutdown in 15 minutes!
(10 minutes later)
Warning: System will shutdown in 5 minutes!

Like substr(), substr_replace() can take negative starting position counted from the end of the string.
27 :: What is PHP?
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.
28 :: What Is a Session in PHP?
A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests.

There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor.

Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor.
29 :: What is meant by PEAR in php?
Answer1:
PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install "packages"

Answer2:
PEAR is short for "PHP Extension and Application Repository" and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide:
A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users
A system for code distribution and package maintenance
A standard style for code written in PHP
The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC),
The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL),
A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community
PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then.
30 :: How can we know the number of days between two given dates using PHP?
Simple arithmetic:

$date1 = date('Y-m-d');
$date2 = '2006-07-01';
$days = (strtotime() - strtotime()) / (60 * 60 * 24);
echo "Number of days since '2006-07-01': $days";

using mysql:

SELECT date_format( `dob` , '%d-%m-%y' )
FROM dp_users

31 :: How can we repair a MySQL table?
The syntax for repairing a mysql table is:

REPAIR TABLE tablename
REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK
REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.
If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.
If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.
32 :: What is the difference between $message and $$message?
Answer 1:
$message is a simple variable whereas $$message is a reference variable. Example:
$user = 'bob'

is equivalent to

$holder = 'user';
$$holder = 'bob';

Anwser 2:
They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable who's name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains "var", $$message is the same as $var.
33 :: What Is a Persistent Cookie in PHP?
A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser's computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser's memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:

* Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
* Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
* Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
* Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.
34 :: What does a special set of tags do in PHP?
What does a special set of tags do in PHP?
The output is displayed directly to the browser.
35 :: How do you define a constant in PHP?
Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);

36 :: How To Write the FORM Tag Correctly for Uploading Files?
When users clicks the submit button, files specified in the will be transferred from the browser to the Web server. This transferring (uploading) process is controlled by a properly written tag as:

Note that you must specify METHOD as "post" and ENCTYPE as "multipart/form-data" in order for the uploading process to work. The following PHP code, called logo_upload.php, shows you a complete FORM tag for file uploading:

print("\n");
?>
37 :: What are the differences between require and include, include_once?
Anwser 1:
require_once() and include_once() are both the functions to include and evaluate the specified file only once. If the specified file is included previous to the present call occurrence, it will not be done again.

But require() and include() will do it as many times they are asked to do.

Anwser 2:
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. The major difference between include() and require() is that in failure include() produces a warning message whereas require() produces a fatal errors.

Anwser 3:
All three are used to an include file into the current page.
If the file is not present, require(), calls a fatal error, while in include() does not.
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. It des not call a fatal error if file not exists. require_once() does the same as include_once(), but it calls a fatal error if file not exists.

Anwser 4:
File will not be included more than once. If we want to include a file once only and further calling of the file will be ignored.
38 :: What is meant by urlencode and urldecode?
Anwser 1:
urlencode() returns the URL encoded version of the given string. URL coding converts special characters into % signs followed by two hex digits. For example: urlencode("10.00%") will return "10%2E00%25". URL encoded strings are safe to be used as part of URLs.
urldecode() returns the URL decoded version of the given string.

Anwser 2:
string urlencode(str) - Returns the URL encoded version of the input string. String values to be used in URL query string need to be URL encoded. In the URL encoded version:

Alphanumeric characters are maintained as is.
Space characters are converted to "+" characters.
Other non-alphanumeric characters are converted "%" followed by two hex digits representing the converted character.

string urldecode(str) - Returns the original string of the input URL encoded string.

For example:

$discount ="10.00%";
$url = "http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=".urlencode($discount);
echo $url;

You will get "http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=10%2E00%25".
39 :: How To Get the Uploaded File Information in the Receiving Script?
Once the Web server received the uploaded file, it will call the PHP script specified in the form action attribute to process them. This receiving PHP script can get the uploaded file information through the predefined array called $_FILES. Uploaded file information is organized in $_FILES as a two-dimensional array as:

* $_FILES[$fieldName]['name'] - The Original file name on the browser system.
* $_FILES[$fieldName]['type'] - The file type determined by the browser.
* $_FILES[$fieldName]['size'] - The Number of bytes of the file content.
* $_FILES[$fieldName]['tmp_name'] - The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.
* $_FILES[$fieldName]['error'] - The error code associated with this file upload.

The $fieldName is the name used in the .
40 :: What is the difference between mysql_fetch_object and mysql_fetch_array?
MySQL fetch object will collect first single matching record where mysql_fetch_array will collect all matching records from the table in an array

41 :: How can I execute a PHP script using command line?
Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, "php myScript.php", assuming "php" is the command to invoke the CLI program.
Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment.
42 :: I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what is the problem?
PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.
43 :: Would I use print "$a dollars" or "{$a} dollars" to print out the amount of dollars in this example?
In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like "{$a},000,000 mln dollars", then you definitely need to use the braces.
44 :: What are the different tables present in MySQL? Which type of table is generated when we are creating a table in the following syntax: create table employee(eno int(2),ename varchar(10))?
Total 5 types of tables we can create
1. MyISAM
2. Heap
3. Merge
4. INNO DB
5. ISAM
MyISAM is the default storage engine as of MySQL 3.23. When you fire the above create query MySQL will create a MyISAM table.
45 :: How To Create a Table using PHP?
If you want to create a table, you can run the CREATE TABLE statement as shown in the following sample script:

include "mysql_connection.php";

$sql = "CREATE TABLE ggl_links ("
. " id INTEGER NOT NULL"
. ", url VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL"
. ", notes VARCHAR(1024)"
. ", counts INTEGER"
. ", time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT sysdate()"
. ")";
if (mysql_query($sql, $con)) {
print("Table ggl_links created.\n");
} else {
print("Table creation failed.\n");
}

mysql_close($con);
?>

Remember that mysql_query() returns TRUE/FALSE on CREATE statements. If you run this script, you will get something like this:
Table ggl_links created.
46 :: How can we encrypt the username and password using PHP?
Answer1
You can encrypt a password with the following Mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD("Password");

Answer2
You can use the MySQL PASSWORD() function to encrypt username and password. For example,
INSERT into user (password, ...) VALUES (PASSWORD($password”)), ...);
47 :: How do you pass a variable by value?
Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
48 :: WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE FUNCTIONS STRSTR() AND STRISTR()?
string strstr ( string haystack, string needle ) returns part of haystack string from the first occurrence of needle to the end of haystack. This function is case-sensitive.

stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.
49 :: When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement?
When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.
50 :: How can we send mail using JavaScript?
No. There is no way to send emails directly using JavaScript.

But you can use JavaScript to execute a client side email program send the email using the "mailto" code. Here is an example:

function myfunction(form)
{
tdata=document.myform.tbox1.value;
location="mailto:mailid@domain.com?subject=...";
return true;
}

51 :: What is the functionality of the function strstr and stristr?
strstr() returns part of a given string from the first occurrence of a given substring to the end of the string. For example: strstr("user@example.com","@") will return "@example.com".
stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.
52 :: What is the difference between ereg_replace() and eregi_replace()?
eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that it ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.
53 :: How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function9. ?
func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.
54 :: What is the purpose of the following files having extensions: frm, myd, and myi? What these files contain?
In MySQL, the default table type is MyISAM.
Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files. The files have names that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type.

The '.frm' file stores the table definition.
The data file has a '.MYD' (MYData) extension.
The index file has a '.MYI' (MYIndex) extension,
55 :: If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b?
100, it’s a reference to existing variable.

56 :: How To Protect Special Characters in Query String?
If you want to include special characters like spaces in the query string, you need to protect them by applying the urlencode() translation function. The script below shows how to use urlencode():

print("");
print("

Please click the links below"
." to submit comments about GlobalGuideLine.com:

");
$comment = 'I want to say: "It\'s a good site! :->"';
$comment = urlencode($comment);
print("

"
.""
."It's an excellent site!

");
$comment = 'This visitor said: "It\'s an average site! :-("';
$comment = urlencode($comment);
print("

"
.''
."It's an average site.

");

?>
57 :: Are objects passed by value or by reference?
Everything is passed by value.
58 :: What are the differences between DROP a table and TRUNCATE a table?
DROP TABLE table_name - This will delete the table and its data.

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name - This will delete the data of the table, but not the table definition.
59 :: What are the differences between GET and POST methods in form submitting, give the case where we can use GET and we can use POST methods?
When we submit a form, which has the GET method it displays pair of name/value used in the form at the address bar of the browser preceded by url. Post method doesn't display these values.
60 :: How do you call a constructor for a parent class?
parent::constructor($value)

61 :: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ERRORS IN PHP?
Here are three basic types of runtime errors in PHP:

1. Notices: These are trivial, non-critical errors that PHP encounters while executing a script - for example, accessing a variable that has not yet been defined. By default, such errors are not displayed to the user at all - although you can change this default behavior.

2. Warnings: These are more serious errors - for example, attempting to include() a file which does not exist. By default, these errors are displayed to the user, but they do not result in script termination.

3. Fatal errors: These are critical errors - for example, instantiating an object of a non-existent class, or calling a non-existent function. These errors cause the immediate termination of the script, and PHP's default behavior is to display them to the user when they take place.

Internally, these variations are represented by twelve different error types
62 :: What is the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup?
__sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.
63 :: How can we submit a form without a submit button?
If you don't want to use the Submit button to submit a form, you can use normal hyper links to submit a form. But you need to use some JavaScript code in the URL of the link. For example:

Submit Me
64 :: Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes?
Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
65 :: How can we extract string abc.com from a string http://info@abc.com using regular expression of php?
We can use the preg_match() function with "/.*@(.*)$/" as
the regular expression pattern. For example:
preg_match("/.*@(.*)$/","http://info@abc.com",$data);
echo $data[1];

66 :: What is the difference between the functions unlink and unset?
unlink() is a function for file system handling. It will simply delete the file in context.

unset() is a function for variable management. It will make a variable undefined.
67 :: How come the code works, but does not for two-dimensional array of mine?
Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print "Contents: {$arr[1][2]}" would’ve worked.
68 :: How can we register the variables into a session?
session_register($session_var);

$_SESSION['var'] = 'value';
69 :: What is the difference between characters \023 and \x23?
The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.
70 :: With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents?
Yes.
71 :: How can we submit form without a submit button?
We can use a simple JavaScript code linked to an event trigger of any form field. In the JavaScript code, we can call the document.form.submit() function to submit the form. For example:
72 :: How can we create a database using PHP and mysql?
We can create MySQL database with the use of mysql_create_db($databaseName) to create a database.
73 :: How many ways we can retrieve the date in result set of mysql using php?
As individual objects so single record or as a set or arrays.
74 :: Can we use include ("abc.php") two times in a php page "makeit.php"?
Yes.
75 :: For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences.
echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

and it will output the string "Welcome to globalguideline!" print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.

76 :: I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP?
On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().
77 :: What is the output of the ucwords function in this example?
$formatted = ucwords("GLOBALGUIDELINE IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS");
print $formatted;
What will be printed is GLOBALGUIDELINE IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.
78 :: What Is the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()?
htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote " and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.
79 :: How can we destroy the session, how can we unset the variable of a session?
session_unregister() - Unregister a global variable from the current session
session_unset() - Free all session variables
80 :: What are the different functions in sorting an array?
Sorting functions in PHP:
asort()
arsort()
ksort()
krsort()
uksort()
sort()
natsort()
rsort()

81 :: How can we know the count/number of elements of an array?
2 ways:
a) sizeof($array) - This function is an alias of count()
b) count($urarray) - This function returns the number of elements in an array.
Interestingly if you just pass a simple var instead of an array, count() will return 1.
82 :: How many ways we can pass the variable through the navigation between the pages?
At least 3 ways:

1. Put the variable into session in the first page, and get it back from session in the next page.
2. Put the variable into cookie in the first page, and get it back from the cookie in the next page.
3. Put the variable into a hidden form field, and get it back from the form in the next page.
83 :: What is the maximum length of a table name, a database name, or a field name in MySQL?
Database name: 64 characters
Table name: 64 characters
Column name: 64 characters
84 :: How many values can the SET function of MySQL take?
MySQL SET function can take zero or more values, but at the maximum it can take 64 values.
85 :: How can we find the number of rows in a table using MySQL?
Use this for MySQL

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;

86 :: What is the difference between md5(), crc32() and sha1() crypto on PHP?
The major difference is the length of the hash generated. CRC32 is, evidently, 32 bits, while sha1() returns a 128 bit value, and md5() returns a 160 bit value. This is important when avoiding collisions.
87 :: How can we find the number of rows in a result set using PHP?
Here is how can you find the number of rows in a result set in PHP:

$result = mysql_query($any_valid_sql, $database_link);
$num_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);
echo "$num_rows rows found";
88 :: How many ways we can we find the current date using MySQL?
SELECT CURDATE();
SELECT CURRENT_DATE();
SELECT CURTIME();
SELECT CURRENT_TIME();
89 :: Give the syntax of GRANT commands?
The generic syntax for GRANT is as following

GRANT [rights] on [database] TO [username@hostname] IDENTIFIED BY [password]

Now rights can be:
a) ALL privilages
b) Combination of CREATE, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE etc.

We can grant rights on all databse by usingh *.* or some specific database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name.
90 :: Give the syntax of REVOKE commands?
The generic syntax for revoke is as following

REVOKE [rights] on [database] FROM [username@hostname]

Now rights can be:
a) ALL privilages
b) Combination of CREATE, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE etc.

We can grant rights on all databse by usingh *.* or some specific database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name.
91 :: What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types?
CHAR is a fixed length data type. CHAR(n) will take n characters of storage even if you enter less than n characters to that column. For example, "Hello!" will be stored as "Hello! " in CHAR(10) column.

VARCHAR is a variable length data type. VARCHAR(n) will take only the required storage for the actual number of characters entered to that column. For example, "Hello!" will be stored as "Hello!" in VARCHAR(10) column.
92 :: How can we encrypt and decrypt a data present in a mysql table using mysql?
AES_ENCRYPT() and AES_DECRYPT()
93 :: What is the functionality of MD5 function in PHP?
string md5(string)

It calculates the MD5 hash of a string. The hash is a 32-character hexadecimal number.
94 :: How can we change the name of a column of a table?
This will change the name of column:

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_colm_name new_colm_name
95 :: How can we know the number of days between two given dates using MySQL?
Use DATEDIFF()

SELECT DATEDIFF(NOW(),'2008-10-01');

96 :: How can we change the data type of a column of a table?
This will change the data type of a column:

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE colm_name same_colm_name [new data type]
97 :: What is meant by MIME?
Answer 1:
MIME is Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions is an Internet standard for the format of e-mail. However browsers also uses MIME standard to transmit files. MIME has a header which is added to a beginning of the data. When browser sees such header it shows the data as it would be a file (for example image)

Some examples of MIME types:
audio/x-ms-wmp
image/png
aplication/x-shockwave-flash

Answer 2:
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
WWW's ability to recognize and handle files of different types is largely dependent on the use of the MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) standard. The standard provides for a system of registration of file types with information about the applications needed to process them. This information is incorporated into Web server and browser software, and enables the automatic recognition and display of registered file types. …
98 :: What is the difference between GROUP BY and ORDER BY in SQL?
To sort a result, use an ORDER BY clause.
The most general way to satisfy a GROUP BY clause is to scan the whole table and create a new temporary table where all rows from each group are consecutive, and then use this temporary table to discover groups and apply aggregate functions (if any).
ORDER BY [col1],[col2],...[coln]; Tells DBMS according to what columns it should sort the result. If two rows will hawe the same value in col1 it will try to sort them according to col2 and so on.
GROUP BY [col1],[col2],...[coln]; Tells DBMS to group (aggregate) results with same value of column col1. You can use COUNT(col1), SUM(col1), AVG(col1) with it, if you want to count all items in group, sum all values or view average.
99 :: How can we know that a session is started or not?
A session starts by session_start() function.
This session_start() is always declared in header portion. it always declares first. then we write session_register().
100 :: What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row()?
Answer 1:
mysql_fetch_array() -> Fetch a result row as a combination of associative array and regular array.
mysql_fetch_object() -> Fetch a result row as an object.
mysql_fetch_row() -> Fetch a result set as a regular array().

Answer 2:
The difference between mysql_fetch_row() and mysql_fetch_array() is that the first returns the results in a numeric array ($row[0], $row[1], etc.), while the latter returns a the results an array containing both numeric and associative keys ($row['name'], $row['email'], etc.). mysql_fetch_object() returns an object ($row->name, $row->email, etc.).

101 :: What are the MySQL database files stored in system ?
Data is stored in name.myd
Table structure is stored in name.frm
Index is stored in name.myi
102 :: What is the difference between PHP4 and PHP5?
PHP4 cannot support oops concepts and Zend engine 1 is used.

PHP5 supports oops concepts and Zend engine 2 is used.
Error supporting is increased in PHP5.
XML and SQLLite will is increased in PHP5.
103 :: What is meant by nl2br()?
Anwser1:
nl2br() inserts a HTML tag
before all new line characters \n in a string.

echo nl2br("god bless \n you");

output:
god bless

you
104 :: How can we encrypt and decrypt a data presented in a table using MySQL?
You can use functions: AES_ENCRYPT() and AES_DECRYPT() like:

AES_ENCRYPT(str, key_str)
AES_DECRYPT(crypt_str, key_str)
105 :: What are the functions for IMAP?
imap_body - Read the message body
imap_check - Check current mailbox
imap_delete - Mark a message for deletion from current mailbox
imap_mail - Send an email message

106 :: What are encryption functions in PHP?
CRYPT()
MD5()
107 :: What is the functionality of the function htmlentities?
htmlentities() - Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities
This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways, except with htmlentities(), all characters which have HTML character entity equivalents are translated into these entities.
108 :: How can we increase the execution time of a php script?
By the use of void set_time_limit(int seconds)
Set the number of seconds a script is allowed to run. If this is reached, the script returns a fatal error. The default limit is 30 seconds or, if it exists, the max_execution_time value defined in the php.ini. If seconds is set to zero, no time limit is imposed.

When called, set_time_limit() restarts the timeout counter from zero. In other words, if the timeout is the default 30 seconds, and 25 seconds into script execution a call such as set_time_limit(20) is made, the script will run for a total of 45 seconds before timing out.
109 :: How to set cookies in PHP?
setcookie('variable','value','time')
;
variable - name of the cookie variable
value - value of the cookie variable
time - expiry time
Example: setcookie('Test',$i,time()+3600);

Test - cookie variable name
$i - value of the variable 'Test'
time()+3600 - denotes that the cookie will expire after an one hour
110 :: How to reset/destroy a cookie in PHP?
Reset a cookie by specifying expire time in the past:
Example: setcookie('Test',$i,time()-3600); // already expired time

Reset a cookie by specifying its name only
Example: setcookie('Test');

111 :: WHAT TYPES OF IMAGES THAT PHP SUPPORTS?
Using imagetypes() function to find out what types of images are supported in your PHP engine.
imagetypes() - Returns the image types supported.
This function returns a bit-field corresponding to the image formats supported by the version of GD linked into PHP. The following bits are returned, IMG_GIF | IMG_JPG | IMG_PNG | IMG_WBMP | IMG_XPM.
112 :: How can I know that a variable is a number or not using a JavaScript?
Answer 1:
bool is_numeric( mixed var)
Returns TRUE if var is a number or a numeric string, FALSE otherwise.

Answer 2:
Definition and Usage
The isNaN() function is used to check if a value is not a number.

Syntax
isNaN(number)

Parameter Description
number Required. The value to be tested
113 :: How can we submit from without a submit button?
Trigger the JavaScript code on any event ( like onSelect of drop down list box, onfocus, etc ) document.myform.submit(); This will submit the form.
114 :: How can we destroy the cookie in PHP?
Set the cookie with a past expiration time.
115 :: What are the current versions of Apache, PHP, and MySQL?
PHP: PHP 5.1.2
MySQL: MySQL 5.1
Apache: Apache 2.1

116 :: What is the use of friend function in PHP?
Friend functions
Sometimes a function is best shared among a number of different classes. Such functions can be declared either as member functions of one class or as global functions. In either case they can be set to be friends of other classes, by using a friend specifier in the class that is admitting them. Such functions can use all attributes of the class which names them as a friend, as if they were themselves members of that class.
A friend declaration is essentially a prototype for a member function, but instead of requiring an implementation with the name of that class attached by the double colon syntax, a global function or member function of another class provides the match.
class mylinkage
{
private:
mylinkage * prev;
mylinkage * next;

protected:
friend void set_prev(mylinkage* L, mylinkage* N);
void set_next(mylinkage* L);

public:
mylinkage * succ();
mylinkage * pred();
mylinkage();
};

void mylinkage::set_next(mylinkage* L) { next = L; }

void set_prev(mylinkage * L, mylinkage * N ) { N->prev = L; }

Friends in other classes
It is possible to specify a member function of another class as a friend as follows:
class C
{
friend int B::f1();
};
class B
{
int f1();
};

It is also possible to specify all the functions in another class as friends, by specifying the entire class as a friend.
class A
{
friend class B;
};
117 :: How can we get second of the current time using date function?
$second = date("s");
118 :: How can I make a script that can be bilingual (supports English, German)?
You can change charset variable in above line in the script to support bilanguage.
119 :: What are the difference between abstract class and interface?
Abstract class: abstract classes are the class where one or more methods are abstract but not necessarily all method has to be abstract. Abstract methods are the methods, which are declare in its class but not define. The definition of those methods must be in its extending class.

Interface: Interfaces are one type of class where all the methods are abstract. That means all the methods only declared but not defined. All the methods must be define by its implemented class.
120 :: What are the advantages of stored procedures, triggers, indexes in PHP?
A stored procedure is a set of SQL commands that can be compiled and stored in the server. Once this has been done, clients don't need to keep re-issuing the entire query but can refer to the stored procedure. This provides better overall performance because the query has to be parsed only once, and less information needs to be sent between the server and the client. You can also raise the conceptual level by having libraries of functions in the server. However, stored procedures of course do increase the load on the database server system, as more of the work is done on the server side and less on the client (application) side. Triggers will also be implemented. A trigger is effectively a type of stored procedure, one that is invoked when a particular event occurs. For example, you can install a stored procedure that is triggered each time a record is deleted from a transaction table and that stored procedure automatically deletes the corresponding customer from a customer table when all his transactions are deleted. Indexes are used to find rows with specific column values quickly. Without an index, MySQL must begin with the first row and then read through the entire table to find the relevant rows. The larger the table, the more this costs. If the table has an index for the columns in question, MySQL can quickly determine the position to seek to in the middle of the data file without having to look at all the data.

121 :: What is maximum size of a database in mysql?
If the operating system or filesystem places a limit on the number of files in a directory, MySQL is bound by that constraint. The efficiency of the operating system in handling large numbers of files in a directory can place a practical limit on the number of tables in a database. If the time required to open a file in the directory increases significantly as the number of files increases, database performance can be adversely affected.
The amount of available disk space limits the number of tables.
MySQL 3.22 had a 4GB (4 gigabyte) limit on table size. With the MyISAM storage engine in MySQL 3.23, the maximum table size was increased to 65536 terabytes (2567 – 1 bytes). With this larger allowed table size, the maximum effective table size for MySQL databases is usually determined by operating system constraints on file sizes, not by MySQL internal limits.
The InnoDB storage engine maintains InnoDB tables within a tablespace that can be created from several files. This allows a table to exceed the maximum individual file size. The tablespace can include raw disk partitions, which allows extremely large tables. The maximum tablespace size is 64TB.
122 :: Explain normalization concept?
The normalization process involves getting our data to conform to three progressive normal forms, and a higher level of normalization cannot be achieved until the previous levels have been achieved (there are actually five normal forms, but the last two are mainly academic and will not be discussed).

First Normal Form
The First Normal Form (or 1NF) involves removal of redundant data from horizontal rows. We want to ensure that there is no duplication of data in a given row, and that every column stores the least amount of information possible (making the field atomic).

Second Normal Form
Where the First Normal Form deals with redundancy of data across a horizontal row, Second Normal Form (or 2NF) deals with redundancy of data in vertical columns. As stated earlier, the normal forms are progressive, so to achieve Second Normal Form, your tables must already be in First Normal Form.

Third Normal Form
I have a confession to make; I do not often use Third Normal Form. In Third Normal Form we are looking for data in our tables that is not fully dependent on the primary key, but defendant on another value in the table
123 :: What type of inheritance that php supports?
In PHP an extended class is always dependent on a single base class, that is, multiple inheritance is not supported. Classes are extended using the keyword 'extends'.
124 :: How can increase the performance of MySQL select query?
We can use LIMIT to stop MySql for further search in table after we have received our required no. of records, also we can use LEFT JOIN or RIGHT JOIN instead of full join in cases we have related data in two or more tables.
125 :: How can I use the COM components in php?
The COM class provides a framework to integrate (D)COM components into your PHP scripts.
string COM::COM( string module_name [, string server_name [, int codepage]]) - COM class constructor.

Parameters:

module_name: name or class-id of the requested component.
server_name: name of the DCOM server from which the component should be fetched. If NULL, localhost is assumed. To allow DCOM com, allow_dcom has to be set to TRUE in php.ini.
codepage - specifies the codepage that is used to convert php-strings to unicode-strings and vice versa. Possible values are CP_ACP, CP_MACCP, CP_OEMCP, CP_SYMBOL, CP_THREAD_ACP, CP_UTF7 and CP_UTF8.
Usage:
$word->Visible = 1; //open an empty document
$word->Documents->Add(); //do some weird stuff
$word->Selection->TypeText("This is a test…");
$word->Documents[1]->SaveAs("Useless test.doc"); //closing word
$word->Quit(); //free the object
$word->Release();
$word = null;
126 :: How many ways we can give the output to a browser?
HTML output
PHP, ASP, JSP, Servlet Function
Script Language output Function
Different Type of embedded Package to output to a browser
127 :: What is the default session time in php and how can I change it?
The default session time in php is until closing of browser
128 :: What changes I have to do in php.ini file for file uploading?
Make the following line uncomment like:
; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads.
file_uploads = On
; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not
; specified).
upload_tmp_dir = C:\apache2triad\temp
; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files.
upload_max_filesize = 2M
129 :: What type of headers have to be added in the mail function to attach a file?
$boundary = '--' . md5( uniqid ( rand() ) );
$headers = "From: \"Me\"\n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"$boundary\"";
130 :: What is the difference between Reply-to and Return-path in the headers of a mail function?
Reply-to: Reply-to is where to delivery the reply of the mail.

Return-path: Return path is when there is a mail delivery failure occurs then where to delivery the failure notification.

131 :: Explain about Type Juggling in php?
PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which that variable is used. That is to say, if you assign a string value to variable $var, $var becomes a string. If you then assign an integer value to $var, it becomes an integer.

An example of PHP's automatic type conversion is the addition operator '+'. If any of the operands is a float, then all operands are evaluated as floats, and the result will be a float. Otherwise, the operands will be interpreted as integers, and the result will also be an integer. Note that this does NOT change the types of the operands themselves; the only change is in how the operands are evaluated.

$foo += 2; // $foo is now an integer (2)
$foo = $foo + 1.3; // $foo is now a float (3.3)
$foo = 5 + "10 Little Piggies"; // $foo is integer (15)
$foo = 5 + "10 Small Pigs"; // $foo is integer (15)

If the last two examples above seem odd, see String conversion to numbers.
If you wish to change the type of a variable, see settype().
If you would like to test any of the examples in this section, you can use the var_dump() function.
Note: The behavior of an automatic conversion to array is currently undefined.

Since PHP (for historical reasons) supports indexing into strings via offsets using the same syntax as array indexing, the example above leads to a problem: should $a become an array with its first element being "f", or should "f" become the first character of
132 :: How can I embed a java program in php file and what changes have to be done in php.ini file?
There are two possible ways to bridge PHP and Java: you can either integrate PHP into a Java Servlet environment, which is the more stable and efficient solution, or integrate Java support into PHP. The former is provided by a SAPI module that interfaces with the Servlet server, the latter by this Java extension.
The Java extension provides a simple and effective means for creating and invoking methods on Java objects from PHP. The JVM is created using JNI, and everything runs in-process.

Example Code:

getProperty('java.version') . ''; echo 'Java vendor=' . $system->getProperty('java.vendor') . ''; echo 'OS=' . $system->getProperty('os.name') . ' ' . $system->getProperty('os.version') . ' on ' . $system->getProperty('os.arch') . ' '; // java.util.Date example $formatter = new Java('java.text.SimpleDateFormat', "EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy 'at' h:mm:ss a zzzz"); echo $formatter->format(new Java('java.util.Date')); ?>

The behavior of these functions is affected by settings in php.ini.
Table 1. Java configuration options
Name
Default
Changeable
java.class.path
NULL
PHP_INI_ALL
Name Default Changeable
java.home
NULL
PHP_INI_ALL
java.library.path
NULL
PHP_INI_ALL
java.library
JAVALIB
PHP_INI_ALL
133 :: How To Turn On the Session Support in PHP?
The session support can be turned on automatically at the site level, or manually in each PHP page script:

* Turning on session support automatically at the site level: Set session.auto_start = 1 in php.ini.
* Turning on session support manually in each page script: Call session_start() funtion.
134 :: Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP?
Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
135 :: What is the difference between include and require?
It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
136 :: How many ways can we get the value of current session id?
session_id() returns the session id for the current session.
137 :: How To Read the Entire File into a Single String?
If you have a file, and you want to read the entire file into a single string, you can use the file_get_contents() function. It opens the specified file, reads all characters in the file, and returns them in a single string. Here is a PHP script example on how to file_get_contents():

$file = file_get_contents("/windows/system32/drivers/etc/services");
print("Size of the file: ".strlen($file)."\n");
?>

This script will print:

Size of the file: 7116
Re: What are the differences between require and include, include_once? Answer
# 1
require - including a file/page ,if file doesn't exist,then
it gives error and doesn't execute.

include-including a file/page,if file doesn't exit,then it
gives warning and begin to execute.

include_once-including file/page, if it didn't been already
included,it includes else it won't.

Is This Answer Correct ?
10 Yes
1 No
3

Re: What are the differences between require and include, include_once? Answer
# 2
include();--> include the file, but in case of file missing
throws a warning and continues execution of code of next line.

require();--> require also includes the file but in case of
file missing throws an fatal error and stop the execution of
the code of next line.

include_once();-->if same file was included first it will
not include the file another time.

Some Important Websites

2009-12-22T03:23:00.000-08:00

Web Services library in asp.net
http://www.webservicex.net/WCF/default.aspx

Webservice Sample for sending sms from asp.net application
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/SendingSMS.aspx

English2telugu Dictionary Online:
http://www.aksharamala.com/telugu/e2t/search.php

WWC Official Website:-
http://www.w3schools.com/

WebSites for Learing PHP:-
http://www.php-learn-it.com/php_switch_statement.html
http://www.tizag.com/
http://www.phpbuddy.com/
http://www.freewebmasterhelp.com/tutorials/phpmysql/7

Download PHP documentation:-

http://php.net/download-docs.php

SQl tutoral:-
http://www.plus2net.com/sql_tutorial/sql_order_by.php

Site To trasfor/save your files ONLINE
http://www.transferbigfiles.com/

Net2sms
http://www.m3rlin.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/php2sms.php.txt
Worth/Cost of wesite
http://www.websiteoutlook.com/

Site for sending anonymouse mail:-
http://www.sendanonymousemail.net/

Web Proxy for ORKUT:-
https://aniscartujo.com/webproxy/index.aspx?lasturl=http://www.orkut.com

Know Who Hosted The website:-
http://whois.who.is/wbsitename

Send free sms any country
http://www.sendsmsnow.com/

Web Proxy for anything
http://www.jumboproxy.net/

Anna Megastar Movies list
http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starhomes/chiranjeevi/filmography.html

Change Form PDF to DOC Format
http://www.pdfonline.com/pdf2word/index.asp

ASP.NET Refferance Sites:
http://www.asp.net/
http://www.dotnetspider.com/
http://www.aspalliance.com/
http://www.codeproject.com/
http://www.interviewcoder.com/
http://www.kyapoocha.com/

MSDN Library Kit

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx

Famous Site for reading books
http://www.readbookonline.net/read/2340/11444/

DataBase Concept in ASP.NET

2009-12-22T03:05:00.000-08:00

DATABASE CONNECTIVITY IN ASP.NET:-

File Storage Problems:-

1) No Security In Data.
2) Large Amount of datastorage is not possible.
3) Maniplations and retrival will not be easier.
4) Relation between data is not possible,this relates to data redundancy.

The solution for the above problems is DBMS.

-A collection Interrelated and Integrated data is called DATABASE, The software provided to manage DB is called DBMS.

these are two types;
1) Local Databases-> DBMS
2) Remote Databases-> RDBMS

Here are some differance between the both
DBMS:
1)In dbms no relationship concept
2)It supports Single User only
3)It treats Data as Files internally
4)It supports 3 rules of E.F.CODD out off 12 rules
5)It requires low Software and Hardware Requirements.
6)FoxPro, IMS are Examples

RDBMS:
1)It is used to establish the relationship concept between
two database objects, i.e, tables
2)It supports multiple users
3)It treats data as Tables internally
4)It supports minimum 6 rules of E.F.CODD
5)It requires High software and hardware requirements.
6)SQL-Server, Oracle are examples

The Query Language that provides set of commands to communicate with database is called SQL(Structured Query Language).

Sql is Providing with set of sub languages

1) DDL[Data Definition Language]:-

create stmt
alter stmt
drop stmt

2) DML[Data Maniplation Language]:-

Insert Stmt
Delete Stmt
Update Stmt

3) DRL[Data Retrival Language] :-

Select Stmt

4) TCL[Transaction Control Lanuguage] :-

Commit
Rollback

* The interface that is provided for enduser to communicate with DB is called FRONTEND
* The server used for data storage is called BACKEND

Developer requires set of classes to communicate with DATABASE,Before .net 3 Librariens are provided.

1)DAO[Data Acess Object]- Local DB Connectivity
2)RDO[Remote Data Object]- Remote database communication.
3)ADO[ActiveX Data Object]- Any Type of database communication.

ADO is Extended with IL code is called ADO.NET.

ADO.NET:
ADO.NET is a Collection Of Assemblies provided under .net to communcate with DataBase.

System.Data.Dll [Core Lib of ADO.NET]
System.Data.Oracleclient.Dll[for oracle]
System.Data.Sqlclient.Dll[for SQLServer]

* The current version of ADO.Net is 3.5,It come with a language Integral Query called LINQ

State Management In ASP.NET

2009-12-21T22:40:00.000-08:00

State Management In ASP.NET:

1) CONTEXT:- Context will maintain user Information From Webpage to another when Redirection Takes place.

2) Query String:- Maintaining Using Query String in URL.

3) COOKIES:-

Storing Personnel info at the client system is called cookies

1)In memory Cookie:- This will be stored in browser process, This will be removed after closing the browser.

Syntax: HttpCookie obj=new HttpCookie["n"];
obj.Value="100"
Responce.AppendCookie(obj);

Example: Examination Using Cookies.

2)Persistant Cookie:- This will be stored in Client Harddisk, this will be maintained with a purticuler life time.
Persistent Cookie= Inmemory Cookie+ life time

Syntax: HttpCookie obj1=new HttpCookie["username"];
obj1.Value=textbox1.text;
HttpCookie obj2=new HttpCookie["password"];
obj2.Value=textbox2.text;
obj1.Expires = DateTime.Now.Adddays(2);
obj2.Expires = DateTime.Now.Adddays(2);
Responce.AppendCookie(obj1);
Responce.AppendCookie(obj2);

Example: Remember My login check box

LIMITATIONS:
1) Not Secured because Browser maintains Data In a text file.
2) Browser can store only 4KB data for each in total 20 maximum towards website.
3) Browser can store only total 300 maximum towards diff websites.

4) SESSIONS:-

Web server Allocating block of memory unique to client on web server is called Session memory.Session Timeout is 20 min by
default.there are three methods

1) Session.Add("n",100);
2) Session.Remove("n");
3) Abandon

Example : Shopping Cart Applications,
Themes Applications..,Etc

5) Application Memory:

When A website is started web server will allocate a block of memory common to all the clients, This is called Application
memory.there are four methods

1)Add.- Application.Add("n",100);
2)Remove.- Application.Remove("n");
3)Lock.- locking for the particular client request.
4)Unlock.- Releasing for all client requests.

Examples: Number of users connected..,etc

GLOBAL.ASAX:

Sessions and applications events to be placed with in special file called "global.asax"

Example: chatting application.

Hi!!

2009-11-16T04:44:00.000-08:00

Hello!!

This is NKV Prasad Panthangi!! Here in My Blog you can find everything abt Myself!! Keep Browsing!! have fun!!

Prasad