Wiley: Nordic Journal of Botany: Table of Contents

Community composition mediates interannual shifts in pollinators' roles within networks

Thu, 28 May 2026 00:53:32 -0700

Plant–pollinator networks are complex structures that describe interactions between plants and pollinators within ecological communities. Understanding how these networks are organized is crucial for the preservation of populations, communities, and ecosystem services, because network structure is linked to the function and resilience of communities. Here, using two-year data from 18 plant–pollinator communities on Mallorca Island (Spain), we first evaluated whether there were significant interannual variations in the composition of the plant and pollinator assemblages. Second, we examined the relationships between the interannual variation in the abundance and richness of pollinators and plants and the interannual variation in the level of generalization and network role of different pollinator groups, and assessed to what extent these changes were due to variation in the diet of particular pollinator species in response to shifts in their abundance. Our study revealed no significant interannual variation in the abundance or richness of plants, whereas pollinator richness and abundance showed significant interannual changes, with different functional groups responding differently. We also found that interannual variations in pollinator abundance or richness were significantly related to interannual variation in most network metrics. Overall, interannual increases in species' abundance were associated with greater generalization, whereas increases in pollinator richness were related to more specialized interactions. These changes were partly due to changes in the diet of pollinators, as we also detected increases in species' diet breadth with increases in abundance when only species that occurred in both study years were analysed. Our results are compatible with patterns expected under inter- and intraspecific competition for flowering resources, as well as niche segregation. Understanding how plant–pollinator interactions reorganize after community changes is necessary to comprehend how future anthropogenic changes may influence pollination communities.

Design of a register of melliferous plants in Bulgaria based on literature review and field‐validated records

Fri, 22 May 2026 00:40:15 -0700

Melliferous vegetation in Bulgaria plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services such as pollination. The diversity of melliferous vegetation is essential for the sustainable development of honeybee Apis mellifera colonies. Here we present the design of a register that has been developed to collect and systematise information on melliferous vegetation in Bulgaria. A database structure has been developed based on 56 indicators characterising melliferous plants, including distribution, flowering period, abiotic environment, landscape structure, and others. We reviewed 153 scientific literature sources (monographs, encyclopaedias, and articles) published between 1896 and 2023, of which 50 were identified as primary because they reported species-level data on traits, flowering phenology, nectar/pollen resources, and/or distributions. The review covered native and introduced species. Melliferous plants in Bulgaria were found to be represented by 996 species of 88 families, including 89 species protected by the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act. These species form the basis of the designed register, which will be continuously validated and enhanced through field observations and supplemented with information from newly published literature sources. Ecological data on 258 of the species have already been verified in field studies in Vratsa Region, Northwest Bulgaria (312 km²) from 2019 to 2023. The development of targeted conservation efforts for both melliferous plant species and their associated pollinator communities should rely on a detailed overview such information. The data can support the following: Strategically placing apiaries, picking suitable native species for restoring and improving habitats, and making informed decisions in agricultural and conservation planning.

Reestablishment and a new name for Actinostemon grandifolius (Müll.Arg.) Pax

Sun, 17 May 2026 04:59:25 -0700

The genus Actinostemon has undergone several changes in its circumscription due to persistent difficulties in its taxonomic placement. The taxonomic history of the genus is controversial and marked by nomenclatural issues, particularly involving its type species, Actinostemon grandifolius Klotzsch, including incorrect synonymizations and the publication of a nomen nudum. Based on the analysis of herbarium specimens, protologues, and original material, we reestablish Actinostemon grandifolius (Müll.Arg.) Pax and propose Actinostemon macrophyllus Oliv.-Souza & Külkamp as its new name, which had been previously recognized as a posterior homonym and synonymized under Actinostemon klotzschii (Didr.) Pax. We provide a diagnosis, morphological descriptions, a distribution map, illustrations, notes on phenology, preliminary conservation status, taxonomic comments, and a detailed discussion of the taxonomic implications, assigning a lectotype to the reestablished species.

The hunt for Scabiosa trenta Hacq: how the pursuit of a phantom ignited a passion for botany and mountaineering

Sun, 17 May 2026 04:53:29 -0700

Scabiosa trenta Hacq. was first described in 1782 by Balthasar Hacquet, with its specific epithet referring to the Trenta Valley in Slovenia. Since then, S. trenta has been the focus of numerous mountaineering and botanical expeditions, particularly by the alpinist Julius Kugy during the Golden Age of Alpinism, a period in the second half of 19th century in which climbers explored remote mountain areas solely with the use of rudimentary equipment. The ‘hunt' for S. trenta began in 1877 when Kugy was 19, sparking his lifelong passion for botany and alpinism. Among his companions was Albert Bois de Chesne, who founded the Juliana Alpine Botanical Garden in 1926, a key facility for plant conservation and natural science communication in the Julian Alps. However, despite extensive efforts of many botanists, the species has never been located. Having examined Hacquet's herbarium specimen, currently stored in the Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Anton Kerner von Marilaun proposed in 1893 that S. trenta was not a distinct species but an ecotype of Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roem. & Schult., otherwise typically found at lower elevations. Over time, the taxonomic inaccuracy that caused the publication of S. trenta ignited the interest in botany in many explorers and mountaineers. This species became a symbol of the unreachable in Slovenian folklore, inspiring studies on the alpine flora.

Cybianthus anthuriophyllus (Primulaceae), a new record for the flora of Colombia: distribution modeling and conservation assessment

Sun, 17 May 2026 04:39:34 -0700

Cybianthus anthuriophyllus (Primulaceae) was previously known from eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. Here we document the first confirmed occurrences of this species in Colombia and develop a distribution model based on collections from the Andean–Amazonian foothills of Caquetá, Cauca, and Putumayo departments, in order to clarify its conservation. Specifically, to refine its potential distribution and inform conservation efforts, we developed a species distribution model (SDM) using MaxEnt and assessed its extinction risk following IUCN Red List Criteria. The model identified high suitability in the northwestern Amazon, particularly along the Andean foothills, and response curves indicated that annual precipitation and isothermality were the primary predictors of habitat suitability. The species qualifies as ‘Endangered' (EN B2ab(iii)) due to its limited area of occupancy, few known locations, and ongoing habitat loss. These findings extend the distribution known range of C. anthuriophyllus, close the floristic gap in the subgenus Comomyrsine, highlight the conservation importance of the Andean–Amazon foothills corridor, and provide evidence for the continued need to prioritize biological inventories in this area.

Distribution under climate change of Anemone coronaria: linking flower colour and seed dispersal

Tzlil Labin, Jinlei Zhu, Yuval Sapir, Sissi Lozada‐ Gobilard — Thu, 07 May 2026 23:56:08 -0700

Flower colour polymorphism is driven by divergent selection regimes on the colour morphs across time and space. Anemone coronaria, a colour-polymorphic geophyte with red, purple, and white flowers, displays a geographic pattern along Israel's aridity gradient: polymorphic populations are restricted to Mediterranean climates, while monomorphic-red populations occur in both Mediterranean and semi-arid regions. This species is wind-dispersed, with achenes bearing long unicellular hairs. Here we investigate how climate may affect current and future distribution of A. coronaria considering seed dispersal abilities. We hypothesize that seed dispersal traits vary between colour morphs, influencing both current and future species distributions. Using a wind tunnel, and Wald analytical long-distance dispersal model, we estimated seed dispersal distances and the probability of long-distance dispersal (LDD) in mono- and polymorphic populations. Monomorphic-red populations and red flowers had higher tendencies of LDD, suggesting a possible advantage colonizing new habitats. To assess current distribution, we used citizen science records (iNaturalist) across Israel, classifying observations by flower colour. We then modelled future distributions by combining presence–absence data, and climate projections for the next 40–60 years under two scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Our most important predictors were mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Our results indicate that populations in warmer, drier regions (~ 22°C MAT, ≤ 350 mm MAP) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Monomorphic-red populations at the southern edge of the range are predicted to shift northward, while southern polymorphic populations are likely to disappear, resulting in range contraction. Although red flowers exhibited a higher LDD, this may not be sufficient to track their suitable climatic niche under future conditions. By integrating climate models, dispersal capacity, and morph-specific drought responses, our study highlights how environmental change can reshape the distribution of flower colour morphs in A. coronaria, with broader implications for plant diversity and ecosystem dynamics.

Lectotypifications and taxonomic changes in the holoparasitic Orobanchaceae

Thu, 07 May 2026 23:16:28 -0700

Based on further extensive studies of specimens in various herbaria, lectotypes are designated for many taxa of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae. In particular, 47 names in the genera Boschniakia (incl. Xylanche), Cistanche, Orobanche, Phelipanche and Phelypaea are lectotypified. In total, type references are provided for 61 names and authentic material is cited for five names. All types are illustrated by scanned images. The following nomenclatural novelties are proposed as rank or state changes: Orobanche amoena var. bella, Orobanche amoena var. colossea, Orobanche amoena var. ianthina, Orobanche colorata subsp. anatolica, Orobanche santolinae subsp. apuana, Orobanche santolinae subsp. cyrnea and Phelipanche pallens f. karatavica. The following names are synonymized: Anblatum tataricum, Boschniakia handelii, Boschniakia handelii f. minor, Boschniakia himalaica, Ceratocalyx macrolepis, Cistanche feddeana, Orobanche alsatica var. yuennanensis, Orobanche ammophila, Orobanche amoena var. calycina, Orobanche antirrhina, Orobanche australiana, Orobanche bicolor, Orobanche bovei, Orobanche carotae, Orobanche cernua f. tenuisepala, Orobanche coerulescens var. bicolor, Orobanche delilei, Orobanche gontscharovii, Orobanche ianthina, Orobanche indica, Orobanche insignis, Orobanche kotschyi var. multiplex, Orobanche latisquama, Orobanche major f. karelinii, Orobanche nicotianae, Orobanche ozanonis, Orobanche peisonis, Orobanche pogonanthera, Orobanche scabiosae, Orobanche spectabilis, Orobanche tatarica, Orobanche versicolor, Phelipanche atlantica, Phelypaea gigantea and Phelypaea melongenae.

Assessing ChatGPT for taxonomic and floristic studies

Thu, 07 May 2026 23:09:49 -0700

The advancement of biological sciences has long been closely linked to technological progress. ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence chatbot capable of producing human-like conversational responses, has recently attracted attention as a potential support tool for scientific research. However, its applicability and reliability in natural sciences, particularly in botanical research, remain insufficiently evaluated. In this study, we assess the performance of ChatGPT across several key tasks relevant to botany, including plant identification, construction of taxonomic keys, analysis of morphological descriptions, distribution mapping, and image-based species recognition.

Systematic testing conducted across multiple geographic regions, including Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America, revealed substantial variability in the quality and accuracy of ChatGPT's outputs. Although the chatbot occasionally generated useful content, such as general identification keys and improved manuscript text, it frequently produced inaccurate or misleading information. Common issues included incorrect species identifications, inconsistent handling of synonymy, fabrication of literature sources, and errors in interpreting taxonomic and distributional data. Performance was particularly limited for closely related taxa, hybrids, and microphotographs, whereas genus-level identification and editorial tasks proved comparatively more reliable. Attempts to generate functional distribution maps or executable code were largely unsuccessful. Overall, ChatGPT cannot currently be considered a reliable tool for independent botanical research. Its limitations pose particular risks for students and early-career researchers who may lack the expertise required to critically evaluate its outputs. Nevertheless, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies suggests that future iterations may offer more consistent and accurate support for biodiversity studies. At present, the most appropriate use of ChatGPT in botanical research lies in text editing and general linguistic assistance, provided that all factual information is rigorously verified by experts.

Taxonomic reappraisal of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Acanthaceae) in India

Subrata Mondal, Saikat Naskar — Thu, 07 May 2026 22:47:04 -0700

A taxonomic reappraisal of the mangrove genus Avicennia in India was undertaken through extensive field surveys and critical examination of herbarium specimens. Three taxa, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina subsp. marina, and Avicennia officinalis, are described in detail. A synonymic list was compiled using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) and assessed through analysis of protologues and original material, with accompanying nomenclatural notes. Accordingly, four lectotypes and one neotype were designated. Leaf forms were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA), as foliar characters have historically served as important criteria for delimiting taxa within the genus. PCA was conducted under four approaches: 1) among A. alba, A. marina, and A. officinalis; 2) among four infraspecific taxa of A. marina; 3) across populations from the three major coastal regions of India; and 4) between A. marina subsp. marina and A. marina var. acutissima. In all cases, the analysis indicated that leaf form alone could not reliably distinguish taxa. However, PERMANOVA using quantitative variables employed in PCA showed that, in first two cases, the differences among Avicennia species and among the infraspecific taxa of A. marina were statistically significant. In contrast, the differences among A. marina populations from the three major coastal regions of India, as well as between A. marina subsp. marina and A. marina var. acutissima, were weak. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences from India and other Indo-West Pacific Avicennia accessions showed broad concordance with established multilocus frameworks; however, several GenBank accessions displayed incongruent placements, suggesting probable misidentifications. Similarly, inconsistency in GBIF occurrence records further point to widespread identification errors. The findings also indicate that A. officinalis populations from India are morphologically distinct from conspecific populations in Australasia, highlighting taxonomic complexity within the genus. To facilitate identification, a taxonomic key to Avicennia taxa in India is provided.

Taxonomic identities of Coelogyne roseans, C. chen‐tsii and C. niana (Coelogyninae, Orchidaceae)

Nan Shu, Rong Li — Thu, 07 May 2026 22:40:26 -0700

The taxonomic identities of Coelogyne roseans (= Pholidota roseans) and C. niana (= P. niana) have long been misunderstood. Our findings indicate that C. chen-tsii (= P. longipes) is conspecific with C. niana, consequentially C. chen-tsii is reduced to a synonym of C. niana. Although C. roseans and C. niana are closely related and frequently confused, we have clarified their taxonomic distinctions, which primarily lie in the morphology of the lip and column and we have emended descriptions of the two species.

A new combination and typification of Pouzolzia peteri Friis (Urticaceae)

Amit Gupta, Vijay V. Wagh — Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

Pouzolzia peteri, a lesser-known species from the African continent, is currently classified as a member of the genus Pouzolzia. However, based on the morphological characteristics of its male flowers and leaf venation, its transfer to the genus Gonostegia is proposed.

Clarifying nomenclatural uncertainties in Jupunba (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae)

Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

Molecular phylogenetic studies have prompted substantial revisions in the systematics of the former genus Abarema, resulting in the reinstatement of the genera Punjuba and Jupunba, and a re-circumscription of Abarema. Despite these advances, some taxa still require nomenclatural adjustments to reflect monophyletic lineages. Here, we propose a new transfer from Abarema to Jupunba (Jupunba levelii) and propose Abarema agropecuaria as a new synonym of Jupunba floribunda. We also discuss additional names and taxa that remain in uncertain nomenclatural and systematic positions.

Reinstatement of the name Anisochilus eriocephalus Benth. (Lamiaceae) supported by micromorphological and molecular data

Amaladoss Arthi Nisha, Sebastian Soosairaj — Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

In 2019, A. J. Paton et al. proposed a new taxonomic combination, transferring Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Wall. ex Benth. to Coleus strobilifer (Benth.) A.J.Paton, and including Anisochilus eriocephalus Benth. within this broader circumscription. However, a recent comprehensive study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, re-evaluated species within Anisochilus using an integrative approach. This study deployed various kinds of data, including leaf epidermal morphology, seed structure, pollen characteristics observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular data derived from sequencing the trnL-trnF, rbcL, and matK regions. The results revealed clear morphological and genetic distinctions between A. eriocephalus and A. carnosus. Specifically, A. eriocephalus is characterized by a terete, glabrescent stem (in contrast to the tetragonal, pubescent stem of A. carnosus), yellow gland-dotted leaves, calyx, and corolla (versus red gland-dotted in A. carnosus), and the presence of gland-tipped trichomes on the lower lip of the corolla (as opposed to simple trichomes). Additionally, the calyx tube in A. eriocephalus is villous, whereas it is pubescent in A. carnosus. Pollen morphology further differentiates the two species: A. eriocephalus exhibits finely reticulate grains with shallow colpi, while A. carnosus displays coarsely reticulate grains with deep colpi. Molecular phylogenetic analysis validated these findings, confirming significant genetic divergence between the two taxa. In light of these results, we propose a revised taxonomic treatment, reinstating A. eriocephalus under the genus Coleus as Coleus eriocephalus (Benth.) Soosairaj.

Rediscovery of Passiflora clypeophylla (subgenus Decaloba): a highly threatened and narrow endemic species found within a karstic canyon in Guatemala

J.R. Kuethe, Dennis I. Medina, Saban Sequen, Maura L. Quezada — Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

Passiflora clypeophylla, an endemic species to the Guatemalan karstic forests last seen in 1889 and deemed extinct, was rediscovered in the Department of Alta Verapaz, east of Cobán. The species was known only from a single specimen hailed from the type locality, Rubel Cruz, where it has been found again. An additional location has been identified in a similar habitat near it. The current study further presents a revised morphological description of P. clypeophylla based on this new material, along with notes on its ecology and preservation. Though now known from two populations, the IUCN Red List Criteria classify P. clypeophylla as ‘Critically Endangered' (CR).

Molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses revealed a new species, Leucocoprinus roseus (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), from Punjab, Pakistan

Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

In this article, we describe a new fungal species, Leucocoprinus roseus, collected in Canal View Park, District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan. The species is proposed as new based on detailed morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequences. In a phylogenetic reconstruction, L. roseus forms a distinct clade clearly separated from related taxa. It is characterized by small basidiomata, a plano-convex pileus with dark red center becoming pale reddish toward the margins, center covered with squarrose scales, broadly ellipsoid amygdaliform basidiospores and versiform cheilocystidia. A comprehensive description, illustrations, and results of the phylogenetic analysis are provided, along with a comparison with morphologically and genetically related species.

Twenty new species of Hieracium sect. Tridentata and H. sect. Foliosa (Asteraceae) from Sweden

Tommy Nilsson, Torbjörn Tyler — Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

Nineteen new, presumably apomictic species of Hieracium sect. Tridentata, namely Hieracium anisodontum, H. bicoloriceps, H. disparifolium, H. ditrichum, H. erectifolium, H. ferox , H. lapsanae, H. luteoviride, H. megaplicatum, H. multifolium, H. paer-haraldii, H. perpendiculum, H. phaeochlorum, H. prasiniceps, H. semirigidum, H. serriolum, H. spinophytoides, H. svensonii, H. xantholineatum, and one species of H. sect. Foliosa, namely H. hesperidifronsare described from Sweden or raised from infraspecific to specific rank. In addition, the previously invalidly published H. melanostigma is validated. Apart from morphological descriptions, illustrations and maps showing the distribution of all species are provided.

Taxonomic insights into Indian Rotala (Lythraceae) species with verticillate phyllotaxy

Arikrishnan Parthiban, Ladan Rasingam, Sandhya Deepika Devara — Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

In an effort to resolve taxonomic complexities among Indian Rotala species with verticillate phyllotaxy, this study provides an identification key, revised nomenclature, updated morphological descriptions including SEM studies of seed coat surfaces, detailed photoplates, and notes on phenology, ecology, and distribution. The study supports the conspecificity of R. kasaragodensis with R. occultiflora and R. vasudevanii with R. cookii. It also clarifies typification issues concerning R. verticillaris and R. wallichii, and designates a lectotype for the name Ammannia pygmaea.

Hechtia mixtecana sp. nov. (Hechtioideae; Bromeliaceae), from Oaxaca, Mexico

Fri, 01 May 2026 02:16:42 -0700

Botanical explorations carried out in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, led to the discovery of a new Bromeliaceae: Hechtia mixtecana,which is here described and illustrated. The new taxon is compared with the morphologically similar Hechtia fragilis, Hechtia lyman-smithii, and Hechtia minuta. Hechtia mixtecana differs from these taxa by the orientation of the leaves (ascending to divaricate), by the architecture of the staminate (twice branched) and pistillate inflorescences (once to twice branched), and by the length of the primary branches of the pistillate inflorescence (15–28 cm). A complete morphological description, images, and a geographic distribution map of the new species are included, as well as a list of examined specimens.

Dicrananthera hedyotidea C. Presl. (Melastomataceae) in Maranhão state, Brazil: first record and ecological niche model of the species

Wed, 15 Apr 2026 23:25:47 -0700

Dicrananthera C. Presl. is a monospecific genus of the tribe Marcetieae, comprising perennial herbs typically occurring in areas adjacent to wetlands. The species exhibits a disjunct distribution, with confirmed records in both the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains. Dicrananthera hedyotidea is morphologically distinct from other genera within the tribe by the presence of dimorphic stamens bearing subulate ventral appendages. This study reports the first occurrence of D. hedyotidea in the state of Maranhão, and provides a taxonomic treatment, an updated geographical distribution, and an ecological niche model for the species in South America. The potential distribution was estimated using species distribution modeling (SDM) techniques implemented in the R software environment. This new record extends the known range and improves the understanding of the species' distribution in Maranhão, underscores the floristic diversity of the Baixada Maranhense region, and reinforces the importance of further botanical surveys and conservation efforts in this part of Brazil.

Biogeography and diversification patterns in the Irano‐Turanian biodiversity hotspots inferred from a molecular phylogeny of the subendemic Iris subgenus Scorpiris (Iridaceae)

Mon, 06 Apr 2026 02:26:55 -0700

The Irano-Turanian Floristic Region harbors a rich flora, but our understanding of the development of this diversity is limited by a lack of data on phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns of endemic and more widespread plants. Hypotheses of in situ diversification versus allopatric diversification were tested using Iris subgen. Scorpiris, a species-rich group that is widely distributed in this region. Phylogenetic relationships of the subgenus were inferred using a comprehensive sampling strategy that incorporated newly collected accessions that represent previously under-sampled clades and underrepresented geographical regions. Included was Iris drepanophylla, the type species for a major clade that had not been included in previous Iris studies. Six markers were used, thus increasing plastid region sampling compared to previous studies. The historical biogeography of resolved clades was explored to determine patterns of origin, dispersal, vicariance, and divergence while the RelTime method was used to estimate times of divergence. This study confirmed major clades previously identified in the subgenus, suggested monophyly or non-monophyly of several species, and revealed unrecognized diversity in two species. Ages of major clades date from the Miocene to the Pliocene, while diversification continued into the Pleistocene. Our biogeographic inferences indicate that the subgenus and most major clades of I. subgen. Scorpiris originated and diversified in the Pamir-Alay, with subsequent diversification after expansion into the Tian Shan and Irano-Anatolian regions. Species from one clade dispersed to the Mediterranean and Caucasian regions from the Irano-Turanian region with relatively little diversification. We conclude, diversification of I. subgen. Scorpiris mainly followed the model of dispersal then allopatric diversification mostly through founder events and/or ecological speciation facilitated by general aridification across Eurasia and mountain uplifts that created rain shadows. We hypothesize that their multi-scaled bulbs facilitated adaptation to seasonally dry conditions that developed with climatic and geological changes.

Phyllocephalum keralense (Asteraceae) a new species from southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India

Fri, 03 Apr 2026 06:20:33 -0700

A new species of Phyllocephalum is described and illustrated from Palakkad district of Kerala, India. The new species shows similarity to P. rangacharii but differs with respect to key floral traits, viz. ovoid shape of the capitula, involucral bracts in 3 series, inflated receptacle and ovoid 6-ribbed ovary with 5–6 densely barbellate pappus setae. Colour photographs, SEM images of pollen and florets along with a distribution map are provided.

Taxonomic novelties in subgenus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from South India

Sarojini Devi Naidu, Raja Kullayiswamy Kusom — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 06:16:51 -0700

Extensive floristic explorations throughout southern India have uncovered some noteworthy taxonomic additions within the subgenus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Three distinct taxa of Euphorbia are described and illustrated herein as E. sankarensis, E. bahalita and E. tortilis var. mysorensis. All three taxa are allied to Euphorbia tortilis and E. costatoalata in the twisting nature of stem, but differ in stem structure, cyathia, involucral glands, fruit, and seed characters. These taxa were delineated by morphological characters, field observations, and comparative analysis with allied species.

Nomenclatural revision of Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) in the Baltic and Nordic countries including their oversea territories and Iceland

Yoannis Domínguez — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 03:09:52 -0700

Names in the genus Pinguicula established for taxa from the Baltic and Nordic countries, including their oversea territories and Iceland, were analyzed to provide nomenclatural and taxonomic clarity. Of the 33 names retrieved from the literature and online databases, one is illegitimate, two are invalid and 16 were found to require typification. Nine lectotypes and three neotypes were designated, while four names remain untypified due to the absence of suitable material.

Rediscovery of Strobilanthes panichanga and discovery of Strobilanthes parryorum (Acanthaceae): two endangered species from the hills of Dima Hasao, Assam, India

Kapil Kumar Kemprai, Souravjyoti Borah — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 22:53:15 -0700

We report on two species of Strobilanthes Blume. Strobilanthes panichanga (Nees) T.Anderson has been rediscovered in the Dima Hasao district of Assam, India, after a very long gap of 150 years, and Strobilanthes parryorum C.E.C.Fisch has been discovered for the first time in Assam, India. This study presents full morphological descriptions of the two species along with the photographic documentation of both from living specimens in their natural habitats. The photographic details provided here will serve as a valuable resource for accurate field identification and support future taxonomic and conservation related research.

Novelty for the flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil: a new species of Ouratea Aubl. (Ochnaceae)

Mon, 23 Mar 2026 02:55:40 -0700

Here, we describe and illustrate the new species Ouratea oberdanii Fraga & Deccache, which is named after Dr Oberdan José Pereira. This new species is found in the mountainous regions of the evergreen Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Ouratea oberdanii is similar to O. linearis (A.Gray) Sastre & Offroy and O. parviflora (DC.) Baill. It can be distinguished by its habit, with branches that are reclining and pendulous, the leaf vein pattern, with the presence of intramarginal veins, its persistent stipules and bracts, and the presence of indumentum on the midvein of the adaxial surface of petals and on the anthers. We also provide a distribution map, preliminary conservation status assessment, taxonomic notes, and an identification key for Ouratea species from Espírito Santo.

Breynia phuongiana (Phyllanthaceae), a new species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:43:48 -0700

A new species, Breynia phuongiana (Phyllanthaceae subgen. Sauropus), is described and illustrated from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. It is morphologically similar to B. beillei, B. bonii, and B. thorelii, but differs in having oblong-elliptic leaves, sepals marked with reddish striations, an androphore exceeding 1 mm in length, and distinctly hexagonal, starfish-shaped fruits with erect and persistent stigmas. A detailed morphological comparison with related species is provided. A preliminary conservation assessment categorizes it as ‘Data Deficient' (DD) based on IUCN Red List criteria.

Ophiorrhiza jomyi (Rubiaceae) sp. nov. from the Vagamon Hills, southern Western Ghats, India

Ebin Padiyara Joy, Sreehari Sivan Nair, Joby Paul — Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:30:52 -0700

A new species of Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae)is identified and described from the Vagamon hills of Kerala, Western Ghats, India. The new species is similar to Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight and Ophiorrhiza meenachilarensis Robi and Balan, but differs in having densely hirsute hairs on young stem, petiole and peduncle; patent hirsute hairs on, above and beneath the leaf; 14.0–15.0 mm long flower; linear to falcate bracts and bracteoles; sparsely hirsute cupuliform hypanthium; triangular calyx lobes; 9.5–12.0 mm long corolla tube; stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube; and oblong and papillate stigma. A detailed description, colour photographs, comparison, phenology, distribution, conservation status and key to the allied taxa of the new species are provided.

Calyx and epicalyx morphology in Indian Hibiscus (Malvaceae) and its taxonomic importance

Jagdish Vishnu Dalavi, Mayur Yashwant Kamble — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 05:20:03 -0700

Hibisceae is one of the largest tribes in Malvaceae, having a diverse floral morphology. The genus Hibiscus shows a wide range of evolutionary patterns in calyx and epicalyx morphology. Genera like Abelmoschus, Azanza, Gossypium, Hibiscus,and Thespesia are separated on the basis of calyx and epicalyx morphology, meaning that the calyx and epicalyx have great significance in delimitation of the genera and infrageneric taxa in Hibisceae. The present manuscript deals with the detailed calyx and epicalyx morphology in Indian Hibiscus, and its taxonomic implications, and interprets the evolutionary interrelationship among the species of Hibiscus from India.

Three new deciduous species of Berberis (Berberidaceae) from Tawang and West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Bipankar Hajong, Julian Harber, Pankaj Bharali — Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:36:12 -0700

Based on morphological evidence three new deciduous species of Berberis are proposed – Berberis pseudovirescens, Berberis orbicularis and Berberis tawangensis,the types being collected in the Tawang and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Detailed descriptions and diagnoses, along with colour photoplates, distribution information and conservation status are provided. All these new species are provisionally evaluated as ‘Data Deficient' (DD) following IUCN guidelines.

Primula himalayana sp. nov., a new species from eastern Himalaya, India

Bipankar Hajong, Harsh Singh, Pankaj Bharali — Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:10:05 -0700

Primula himalayana sp. nov., a new species of Primulaceae, is described and illustrated from Tawang, Lutrem, 4238 m a.s.l., Arunachal Pradesh, India. It grows under Juniperus and Berberis scrub forest in an alpine meadow. The new species belong in Primula section Cordifoliae and is resembling P. gambeliana, but differs from the latter by the lamina puberulent with a white protuberance on the tips of the teeth, petiole 2‒3 times longer than lamina and white puberulent, scape long with many flowers, flowers yellow with orange-yellow center and along corolla tube, corolla lobes elliptic, anther basifixed, and ovary cylindrical without any teeth.

Amanita theophili sp. nov. (Amanitaceae) from central Mexico

Evangelina Pérez‐Silva, Edith Garay‐Serrano — Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0700

Amanita theophili sp. nov., a member of Amanita sect. Amidella (Amanitaceae), is described from temperate pine-oak forests in Morelos, central Mexico. Morphological features and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences confirm its distinct taxonomic status. The new species is morphologically similar to A. peckiana and A. volvata and phylogenetically related to A. rufobrunnescens and Amanita ‘insolens', and the distinctions are discussed here. This species adds to the two previously recognized members of sect. Amidella in Mexico and to the approximately 30 species known worldwide. The discovery expands the documented diversity of Amanita sect. Amidella.

Alpine flora of Kashmir Himalaya: floristic assessment, life history traits and threat status

Tue, 03 Mar 2026 02:56:35 -0800

Alpine ecosystems in the Himalaya are considered to be at a higher risk to anthropogenic global change drivers. The Kashmir Himalaya, located in the north-western side of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, harbors a diverse alpine flora, which remains systematically little investigated. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study documented the alpine flora of this Himalayan region using a plot-based systematic sampling approach. Based on the sampling of 151 one-hectare plots comprising 999 quadrats from 2020–2023 across the study region, we recorded 159 species belonging to 122 genera in 47 families. Asteraceae was the dominant family with 20 species, followed by Lamiaceae (12 species) and Rosaceae (9 species). Likewise, Impatiens and Poa were the dominant genera with 4 species each, followed by Androsace, Salix and Plantago with 3 species each. The herbs were dominant (135 species, 84.9%) followed by shrubs (14, 8.8%). Lifespan wise, perennials were dominant (139 species, 87%), followed by annuals (20, 13%). The hemicryptophytes were the dominant life forms (104 species, 65%), followed by phanerophytes (19, 12%). A small proportion of the recorded species has been empirically evaluated for threat assessment, leaving a vast majority still unassessed. Overall, our study provides a permanent plot-based reference floristic data on alpine flora of this Himalayan region with immediate relevance in devising conservation strategies and formulating management plans. Looking ahead, the findings showcase a framework for robust floristic assessment to monitor alpine biodiversity change in future across the fragile high-elevation Himalayan landscapes.

Meyna grisea (King & Gamble) Robyns and Meyna peltata Robyns (Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae) – a new record of two ethnobotanically significant fruit trees from Manipur, India

Pallavi B. Dhal, Anishya, Sachchidanand Tripathi, Rajkumari Sanayaima Devi — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 08:54:15 -0800

Meyna grisea and M. peltata, two new records from Imphal Valley, Manipur, India, characterised by a capitate stigma with 4–5 divergent, spreading lobes on a globose base, and a prominent peltate stigma, respectively, are described and illustrated here. Photographs, key to the species, along with their coordinates and diagnostic characters in comparison with previously reported species from India, are provided.

Update on Ouratea cidiana Sastre (Ochnaceae), a microendemic species from the Amazon: enlightening the identity and conservation status

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0800

Ouratea cidiana (Ochnaceae) is a microendemic shrub species from the Brazilian Amazonia, occurring along the banks of the Trombetas River and restricted to the Cachoeira Porteira region, in western Pará State. Since the original collection nearly forty years ago, no additional records have been made, which is concerning given the continuous decline in habitat quality in the region. However, during the update of the red list of the flora of Pará, multiple herbarium collections were analyzed, and a focused field expedition, guided by research data, resulting in the rediscovery of the species at its type locality. Considering the ongoing reduction in the extent of occurrence and area of occupation, as well as declining of habitat quality and the populations subject to threat, we recommend that O. cidiana be classified as ‘Critically Endangered'. In this study, we report the rediscovery of O. cidiana and present an updated taxonomic treatment, including a emended description, illustrations, habitat information, distribution map, and a discussion of morphologically related species. Our results may support future taxonomic identification efforts and ecological actions aimed at conserving the species and the biodiversity of the Amazon region.

Effect of population reinforcement method, site, and plant characteristics on early establishment of the rare endemic plant species Minuartia smejkalii

Alrun Siebenkäs, Karolína Sučíková, Zuzana Münzbergová, Hana Pánková — Tue, 24 Feb 2026 05:29:13 -0800

Many habitat-specialist plant species have been endangered by fragmentation or destruction of their habitats. Minuartia smejkalii is a serpentinophyte endemic to the Czech Republic. It is highly threatened by recent habitat destruction and fragmentation, calling for effective conservation measures.

We evaluated two conservation methods to reinforce M. smejkalii populations: sowing seeds collected from natural populations and transplanting pre-grown individuals in three consecutive years to sites currently or recently occupied by the species. We checked for seed emergence (recruitment) and followed the survival and performance of the transplants and recruits to identify factors responsible for the establishment success for up to three years after transplantation.

Recruitment from sown seeds was unsuccessful, but overall, 83% of transplants survived the first year and 49% until the third year. Survival depended on the year of transplantation, size of the transplanted individual and mother plant characteristics. Mother plant characteristics were important for growth and flowering in the first year, but not for survival. Across years, initial size and age were more important for size and number of flowers than mother plant identity. Population differences had a larger effect on size and number of flowers in the first year than across years.

Seedlings established from seeds of the transplants in four of the five populations. This led, despite mortality of transplants, to a four to six times larger population size after three years in two populations, compared to the number of transplanted individuals.

Overall, our findings emphasize that for long-lived perennials with poor seedling establishment, repeated transplantations across years and sites are key for population reinforcement.

On the botanical history and nomenclature of the New World genus Piscidia (Fabaceae)

Mon, 16 Feb 2026 01:47:00 -0800

Piscidia L. (Fabaceae) is a New World genus with nine recognized taxa (seven species and two varieties). The previous nomenclatural revisions, made in 1910 and in 1969, are revisited here. The names Derris grandifolia Heyde & Lux ex Donn.Sm. and P. cubensis Urb. required step II lectotypifications, with an epitype for the latter name. For P. carthagenensis Jacq., its original description is emended. The name P. americana Sessé & Moc. is neotypified. The names Ichthyomethia communis S.F.Blake and P. mollis Rose are lectotypified with an epitype designated for the latter name. Although eight pre-Linnean polynomials were associated with Piscidia, only those published by Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753) in 1696 (for P. piscipula(L.) Sarg.), and Charles Plumier (1646–1704) in 1703 (for P. carthagenensis) concern this genus. A review of the relevant botanical illustrations is also presented, but it was found that only P. piscipula and P. carthagenensis have been depicted in botanical works. The earliest illustration of the former species was painted by Everhardus Kickius in 1701 and published by Sloane in 1725. Piscidia carthagenensis was painted by Plumier some time between 1689 and 1704, but it was posthumously published by Johannes Burman in 1760. Nomenclatural insights for genera described by the Irish naturalist Patrick Browne (ca. 1720–1790) for the flora of Jamaica are provided.

Oreocharis konkakinhensis (Gesneriaceae) sp. nov. from the Central Highlands, Vietnam

Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:52:13 -0800

Oreocharis konkakinhensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae, is described and illustrated from the Central Highlands, Vietnam. The new species is morphologically most similar to Oreocharis phuongii, a recently described species from central Vietnam. However, it clearly differs from the latter by having stems without stolons, subulate bracts, yellow inner surface of corolla lobes with purple patches, and filaments sparsely puberulent at the base. A detailed morphological description, along with a color illustration, and information on its phenology, distribution, ecology, and preliminarily conservation status, as well as a comparison with its similar species, are also presented.

Reinstatement and generic reassignment of Phyllanthus asteranthos Croizat (Phyllanthaceae) based on living plant observations and specimen analysis

Feng Yang, Li‐Ju Jiang, Huan‐Chong Wang — Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:50:29 -0800

Phyllanthus asteranthos Croizat has been treated as a synonym of P. pulcher Wall. ex Müll. Arg. (syn. Nymphanthus glaucescens (Miq.) R.W.Bouman) since 1987. Through detailed morphological observations of living plants and critical examinations of type materials and additional specimens, this study revealed that the two taxa are morphologically very distinct from each other, thus warranting recognition as two distinct species. We therefore reinstate the specific status of P. asteranthos and reassign it to the genus Nymphanthus Lour. as Nymphanthus asteranthos (Croizat) Huan C. Wang et Feng Yang. All previous Chinese ‘wild' records of N. glaucescens actually represent N. asteranthos, as N. glaucescens is only cultivated in China (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden) and absent from the natural habitats. This study highlights the importance of integrating fresh material observations to resolve taxonomic issues in Phyllanthaceae.

Sexual reproduction in invasive Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) in south Sweden

Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:44:50 -0800

To understand the potential for northward expansion of knotweeds into currently uninvaded regions, it is crucial to assess the potential for sexual reproduction alongside the ongoing vegetative spread. For that reason, we tested viability in Reynoutria japonica seeds in south Sweden, a region where viable seeds had not been previously reported. Knotweed in northernmost Europe has no genetic variation, indicating lack of fertile seeds, and northward colonization is considered limited by temperature and a short growing season. Observations of profuse flowering and seed production in recent years, however, prompted us to test seed germination. Seeds from seven localities in Scania and 20 localities in Halland, south Sweden, were collected in October and November 2021 and 2023 and germinated under laboratory conditions. In Scania, seeds from six out of seven stands germinated with an average germination of 57.7 ± 32.1%. A second trial 10 months after seed collection showed 48.0 ± 14.2% germination on seeds from two of the sites. In Halland, seeds collected in November 2023 germinated with an average germination of 78.13 ± 20.71%, and germination in soil was 15% ± 16.1. Field inventories detected seedlings that were determined by metabarcoding to be R. japonica × Fallopia baldschuanica hybrids. Collected Reynoutria × bohemica × F. baldschuanica seeds from one site were fertile and the seedlings survived cool conditions for two winters. We established that R. japonica produces viable seed in south Sweden, which is further north than previously demonstrated in Europe. The observation that F. baldschuanica was a common pollen donor concurs with studies from other parts of Europe. Conclusion: the presence of fertile seeds and seedlings has implications for the northward dispersal of knotweeds in Europe. Russian vine F. baldschuanica was identified as the pollen donor for R. japonica stands and one putative R. × bohemica stand in south Sweden.

Tetrataenium paikadae (Apiaceae), a new species from the Western Ghats, India

Sun, 08 Feb 2026 03:24:51 -0800

A new species, Tetrataenium paikadae C.Rekha, Manudev & Prasanth (Apiaceae), is described from the State of Kerala, India. The new species is characterised by its hirsute to hispid stems, broadly ovate or rounded leaflets, long petioles with hirsute leaf sheaths, tomentose rays, symmetric flowers, ovate-lanceolate involucel bracteoles, and mericarp with four commissural vittae. A detailed account of its habitat, description, field photographs and photo plates, keys and a comparison table with allied species are provided here.

Pinguicula brendae (Lentibulariaceae) sp. nov., a carnivorous plant from a tropical montane cloud forest in Hidalgo, Mexico

Ernesto C. Rodríguez‐ Ramírez, Hiro Shimai, Agustina R. Andrés‐ Hernández — Sun, 08 Feb 2026 03:18:38 -0800

A new species of Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula brendae Rodríguez-Ramírez, H.Shimai & A.R. Andrés-Hernández, is described based on its unique morphological characteristics. This species is restricted to limestone rock walls in the San Bartolo Tutotepec municipality, central-eastern Hidalgo, Mexico, where it inhabits a single locality on vertical, north-facing limestone cliffs at approximately 1985 m a.s.l. Pinguicula brendae is morphologically similar to Pinguicula crassifolia but is distinguished by its compact, ruby-colored overwintering rosettes (3–10 mm in diameter), with obovate-oblong, cuneate at base summer foliage, and a violet-brown, single-flowered scape (38–60 mm tall) that is densely and entirely covered by non-glandular trichomes. The corolla is distinctly bilabiate, ruby-colored with a white throat and dense white trichomes, and the spur is violet-gray, slightly curved downwards, and 8.6–10.5 mm long. Pinguicula brendae grows on calcareous Acrisols and Andosols, often amongst bryophytes and ferns. It exhibits a clear phenological shift, changing from ruby winter rosettes to ruby summer leaves (which are rarely green or yellowish-green) and flowering from late February to early March. The species is provisionally assessed as ‘Critically Endangered' (CR A1a, B1a) because of its extremely limited distribution and small population of fewer than 250 mature individuals and ongoing anthropogenic threats. Details regarding its distribution, ecology, phenology, and a preliminary conservation evaluation are provided.

Isoetes ×atruensis (Isoetaceae – Lycopodiopsida), a new interspecific sterile hybrid from Rajasthan of Western India

Fri, 06 Feb 2026 04:52:48 -0800

Isoetes ×atruensis hyb. nov. is shown to be a triploid (2n = 3× = 33 + 1) sterile interspecific hybrid between diploid (2n = 2× = 22 + 1) I. coromandelina and tetraploid (2n = 4× = 44 + 1) I. rajasthanensis. It has been found in two locations in Rajasthan, India. It is a perennial, shallow-water aquatic best distinguished by a set of morphological characteristics and a ploidy level that is intermediate between its putative parents. Isoetes ×atruensis is the second Isoetes hybrid taxon reported from the Indian subcontinent and the first to be confirmed from multiple locations on the subcontinent.

Variation in pollen limitation among reproductive modules points to likely resource reallocation in the alpine plant Veratrum grandiflorum

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 06:04:58 -0800

Pollen limitation, a decrease in seed production due to insufficient pollen receipt, may influence plant demography and the evolution of sexual systems. Its empirical estimation of pollen supplementation of some of the flowers on an individual is well known to be prone to overestimation due to potential resource reallocation among the individual's resource pools, from unpollinated flowers and inflorescences. Despite this, studies that evaluate the effect of resource reallocation simultaneously across different modular levels of an individual remain rare, especially in alpine plants. Here, we estimated pollen limitation at three modular levels (i.e., flower, raceme, and whole plant) in the perennial alpine herb Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. Ex Baker) Loes in the eastern Himalayan Hengduan Mountains. We used fruit set and seed production as two proxies for female reproductive success. Based on seed production, we found that pollen limitation differed significantly among modular levels, with the highest and lowest values being at the flower and whole-plant levels, respectively. In contrast, fruit set was relatively insensitive to pollen supplementation, so estimates of pollen limitation were low and did not differ among modular levels. These results point to resource reallocation for seed production among modules within individuals and highlight the importance of multi-modular and multi-metric approaches for accurately assessing pollen limitation.

Generalist‐pollinated Arabis alpina exhibits floral scent variation at multiple scales

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 06:02:55 -0800

Plants that depend on animals for reproduction often use complex floral traits to attract pollinators. Floral scent is recognized as part of the pollinator attraction module and can be shaped by plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, research has started to reveal the dynamic properties of floral scent, identifying patterns of spatial and temporal variation in floral scent emissions at various scales. Here, we investigate the levels at which floral scent varies in two populations of the generalist, perennial herb Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) and if scent variation co-varies with pollinator activity, which would be expected if scent production is costly. First, we show the potential for both floral scent and pollinator communities to vary at a small geographic scale, between neighboring populations located some 4 km apart. Then, we investigate diel variation in floral scent emission rate and pollinator activity to test for synchronization between plants and pollinators. Further, we sampled volatiles from dissected floral parts to determine where floral scent compounds are produced in A. alpina. The two populations were pollinated by partly different communities of diurnally active insects, and scent composition, specifically petal and reproductive organ scent, differed between the two neighboring populations. However, we found no evidence of a diel synchronization between floral scent emission and insect activity, as A. alpina emits similar amounts of scent regardless of time of day and temperature. Whereas the spatial variation (within flowers, among populations) suggests specific and localized functions of the floral scent, the constant and stable scent emission indicates a low production and maintenance cost of the floral volatiles in this system.

Pollen limitation of Vaccinium myrtillus along an elevational gradient

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 04:24:13 -0700

Plant dependence on pollinator-aided reproduction may decrease with colder and more unstable climates, for example at higher elevations. Correspondingly, plant populations may also be more pollen limited in alpine than in lowlands or under more optimal conditions. However, such expectations have largely been investigated across species, and rarely among populations within a species. The findings of such studies may have implications for predictions of plant sexual reproduction in a changing climate. We combined a bagging experiment of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) flowers with a supplemental pollen experiment at three sites along an elevational gradient at 100, 500 and 900 m a.s.l. in a mild boreal climate, by the Sognefjord, Norway. Our goal was to investigate the variation in reproductive success and pollen limitation in a functionally important plant species, V. myrtillus,and to test whether the outcomes may be dependent on insect flower visitation and climatic context (i.e. temperature related to elevation). Our experimental treatments clearly affected reproductive success of V. myrtillus. Bagging of flowers reduced the fruit set close to zero, whereas supplemental pollination resulted in 30% higher fruit set. However, fruit set effects appeared to be independent of elevation in the current study. Total number of seeds was highest at the optimal mid-site location, but here the proportion of mature seeds was also lowest. Our results clearly showed that the reproductive success of V. myrtillus depends on pollinator visitation and benefits from extra pollen supply, but that these effects appeared to be independent of the climatic context.