LAPTOP GADGET HOBBY

LAPTOP BASE

2016-01-07T12:48:00.001-08:00

Welcome to my blog.

With the existence of this blog we try to inform about the variety of information concerning the notebook or computer. Hopefully a little more able to provide feedback to you.

* At this time we have a component of some types of notebooks. Like them mainboard, lcd, casing, cdrom. and hinge. Please see the complete list of components that we have the notebook ... Read more.

* Below this are various inputs / tips around notebooks and computers. And we try to write as easily as possible in order to be understood by everyone. I give input here is generally a personal experience and also from some sources ... Read more.

* Anticipate and optimize the old-fashioned notebook. Unfortunately if not used ... Read more.

* Setting Dial Up Internet using a GSM operator (3G HSDPA) and CDMA in the Notebook or Computer ... Read more.

TIPS NOTEBOOK OVERHEATING

2016-01-06T13:02:00.000-08:00

Here below are a variety of input information on notebooks and computers. And we try to write as easily as possible in order to be understood by everyone.

PROTECTING YOUR NOTEBOOK FROM OVERHEATING

1. DO NOT USE A LAPTOP NOTEBOOK EXCESSIVE

Use of laptop (notebook) with excessively high performance demands can cause a notebook (laptop) also experienced the excessive heat. What is meant by the use of laptop (notebook) is the use of excessive continuously performed by using software that optimizes the performance of the hardware inside the laptop simultaneously. A simple illustration is the software that you run the hardware will be ordered as the main chipset, memory, hard disks, vga chipset and other drivers will be adjusted by setting the respective hardware. If the settings you have chosen are all in the form of the optimal department performance notebook (laptop) will tend to heat faster.

2. COOLING SYSTEM USE ADDITIONAL

At this time met many accessories for laptop (notebook) on the market. One is the addition of fan cooling system is placed under the laptop. But there were also input into the pcmcia slot.

3. USING UTILITY SOFTWARE
In addition to the choice of cooling systems using hardware, some are using with the help of software.

4. LAPTOP MANUAL CLEANING

Cleaning the laptop manually here is clean with how the tools simple enough and many found in the market. Simply just using a small brush and a dry rag only. Here's how: Clean the sidelines of those around under the keyboard and also the circulation of heat dissipation holes on your laptop. Next clean the back and others. Furthermore, Clean your lcd screen part with soft brush and carefully followed by using a soft rag and dry. Furthermore, these subtle patchwork you can also use to clean the other laptops that look dirty and dusty. Make the process of cleaning a laptop like this periodically. Like once a week.

5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT AROUND LAPTOP

Environment around the laptop where we work are also at least provide for temperature effects on our laptop. An example is a room with temperature control systems such as air-conditioning or fan

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Anticipate and optimize the old-fashioned notebook. Unfortunately if not used

If you have an older model notebook and can still light up. So you just look at the system configuration of the notebook. Among them is the need to consider whether there is any cdrom, how much memory is there, what size hard disk is attached. If they have an old notebook usb slot, at least it would be better. Once you know the specs of your notebook, then you just format the hard disk (storage medium) such notebooks. The next step to install the operating system. The operating system must be adjusted to the specifications of the notebook, so that will not burden the process works. Customize the default operating system at that time.
After the operating system installed, then the next step is to optimize the notebook hardware with software utility, called by the driver. The next step you just need to install other programs. Like the word processing software to create documents and software for processing a number of books and so forth. If everything is completed, the notebook is able to direct you to a simple job. Or you give to your child to learn. And will be even better if you donate them to others in need. I think your old notebook has been able to do simple bookkeeping report creation process for small shop or menengahuntuk recording of incoming and outgoing goods, price lists, prices and so forth. And if you love to write, can also be used to create a simple employment report even write a novel. If you are experiencing difficulties in checking your old notebook. There is nothing wrong if you ask for help technicians notebook to realize the above.

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Beautify and protect notebooks with stickers

If you are passing on the highway you may never see a motorcycle accessories dealers

who sells stickers shaped rolls with a variety of colors. Try to select a favorite color

you to be paired on your notebook. Adjust the size required by the notebook

you are. If you are experiencing difficulties you may request assistance from these stickers to merchants

help you pair these stickers on your notebook. Your notebook will look more beautiful

and protected from scratches on the body. In addition there is also another option if you want stickers have

display pictures are beautiful. You can get a sticker with the model of notebook accessories shop

or computer.

Laptop Components

2016-01-06T13:00:00.000-08:00

At this time we have a component of some types of notebooks. Like them mainboard, lcd, casing, memory, cdrom. pcmcia card and hinge.Various components of the notebook we have one of them allows you to add your insight to identify its function. And supports your work while using the notebook.

* PCMCIA Card

Represent a special card that you can add yourself into your notebook. Extremely easy installation process, while in your notebook has a pcmcia slot that supports and in accordance with the specifications of the card. Pcmcia card can be either to: a network of networking, tv tunnner, data storage, additional memory, extra usb, usb lights, and various other components that use technologies pcmcia.

* Memory Card

Memory is a very useful addition to enhance the capabilities of a notebook or computer. By providing additional memory in accordance with your notebook, the notebook work processes to be more stable and can support our work. Various brands and types of memory can be found at stores that provide near your notebook components. Please note the type of memory you will you add to your notebook and must be compatible and supported by your notebook.

* Battery

Actually in the notebook we have two types of battery. Among these are the bios battery, useful for storing data such as calendar systems and basic rules of these notebooks. Next is the battery power, useful for supporting our work in order to more freely during the energy stored in the battery is still there.

* LCD Display
Lcd screen is a very important component. Where the function to give the appearance of images of what we do on our notebooks. Various kinds of brands, types and sizes of lcd screen can we meet today in notebook components shop. Some time ago a lcd screen for notebooks generally square box-shaped granule. But now many are now using the form widescreen lcd screens. Especially on the new notebook models.

* Keyboard
Keyboard is a component of a notebook that became the media for us in operating the existing system of a notebook. With the help of the keyboard we can give orders or jobs to the notebook. Keyboard is a very important component in this manner in our dealing with the notebook.

* Mainboard
Mainboard is a crucial component. Where a variety of other components can be mounted or attached to the system of this notebook mainboard. Other components installed on the system mainboard include: memory, processor, chipset, pcmcia card slot, a variety of other socket for media intermediaries (like socket for the cable from the keyboard cable from the lcd screen, sockets for the cdrom, for the FDD connector, socket) . Specifications and capabilities of a notebook can be seen from the mainboard is installed in the notebook.

* Hard Disk
Hard disk is a data storage media. Which includes the operating system is to place its other programs on your notebook. With a size large enough capacity so allows your hard disk can hold more data.

Our Components stock :

Mainboard IBM Thinkpad T20/T21 - 390E - 380 ED - 560Z,

Mainboard Compaq Armada 1750,

Berupa Battery IBM 390 Series / 380 Series ( 275 Rb )

Battery Compaq Armada 1700 - 1750 ( 275 Rb )

Mainboard IBM ( Hrg Mulai 300 Rb ) ...

LCD 14" Casing LCD + LCD Cable + Bonus Inverter + Bonus Inverter ( Rp 450 Rb )

PCMCIA LAN Card ( 75 Rb )

LCD TOUCH SCREEN EX. TOSHIBA PORTEGE 12" M200/M205, LCD 17" WIDE EX. QOSMIO, Mainboard toshiba tecra 8000 - 8100 - 8200 - ibm 600 e/x - t20 t21 - 380 ED - 390X - 560X - Compaq Presario 1600 - Compaq 1750 - Dell Latitude C600 - Wifi Card ( For Fujitsu S Series 2110 - Dll ), PCMCIA LAN Card, Body Notebook, dll.
.
Body Notebook : Compaq Presario 1500 Series, Toshiba Tecra 8100, 8200, Toshiba Satellite A105, Acer Aspire 5050, IBM Thingpad 600 - 600E - 600x,
IBM Thingpad T20 - T21 - T22, Toshiba Qosmio F15, Toshiba Tecra 2000 - 2100, DELL Latitude C640, Compaq Armada M700, Fujitsu Lifebook B-Series LBB2130TL, Sony Vaio PCG-R505DT, Dll.
.
LCD : Fujitsu Lifebook B-Series LBB2130TL 10" Touch Screen, LCD Toshiba Portege M200/M205 Touchscreen 12", LCD Toshiba Qosmio F15 - 17", LCD IBM Thinkpad T20 - T21 - T30, Toshiba tecra 8100, IBM THinkpad 390 Series, IBM Thinkpad 600 - 600E - 600x 13,3", Compaq Armada M700 14", Sony Vaio PCG-R505DT, Dell Latitude L/LS 400, Dell Latitude C600,Dll.

COMPUTER GLOSSARY

2016-01-06T12:58:00.000-08:00

COMPUTER & INTERNET GLOSSARY

10Base5 (10 Mbps, baseband, 500 meter):

one of several physical media specified by 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network LAN); consists of Thickwire coaxial cable with a maximum segment length of 500 meters

10Base2 (10 Mbps, baseband, 185 meter):

one of several physical media specified by IEEE 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network LAN); consists of Thickwire coaxial cable with a maximum segment length of 185 meters

10BaseT (10 Mbps, baseband, unshielded twisted-pair):

one of several physical media specified by IEEE 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network (LAN); is ordinary telephone twisted pair wire

100BaseT (100 Mbps, baseband, unshielded twisted-pair): one of several physical media specified by IEEE 802.3 for use in an Ethernet local area network (LAN); referred to as Fast Ethernet because of its higher transmission speed

AAL (ATM adaptation layer):

adapts PDUs passed down from higher layers onto ATM cells

Active hub: allows multiple devices to be wired to a central location to share the same media and regenerate the signal; also referred to as multiport repeaters

ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line):

typical form of xDSL telephone companies offer to residences

AGP (accelerated or advanced graphics port):

a high-speed, point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics

ALU (arithmetic logic unit): a digital circuit that calculates an arithmetic operation (e.g., addition, subtraction) and logic operations between two numbers; the fundamental building block of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a computer

AM (amplitude modulation):

a technique used for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave

Amplitude: height of the wave at any point in the wave

ANSI (American National Standards Institute):

a voluntary organization that coordinates the development and use of consensus standards in the United States and represents the needs and views of U.S. stakeholders in standardization forums around the globe

API (application programming interface):

gives programmers a formal set of routines to call on to use underlying network services

Application layer:

performs the functions of file transfer, e-mail, etc. (see OSI Model)

Architecture:

how a system is designed; includes how the components are connected to and operate with each other

ARP (address resolution protocol):

network layer protocol provided with TCP/IP; used to map an IP (internet protocol) address to a MAC (media access card) address

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange):

relates a number from 0 to 255 in the binary (base 2) form to keyboard characters

ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit):

an integrated circuit designed for a particular use (e.g., a chip designed solely to run a cell phone)

Asynchronous communication:

describes when devices, such as computers, rely on their own internal clocks; it provides connectivity to printers, modems, fax machines, etc.

ATM (asynchronous transfer mode):

high bandwidth, cell-switching technology; designed to carry many different types of information, including voice, video, image, data, and graphics; another form of STDM (statistical time division multiplexing)

AUI (attachment unit interface):

a 15-pin connection that provides a path between a node’s Ethernet interface and the medium attachment unit (MAU); also known as a transceiver

AS (Autonomous system):

collection of IP networks under the control of a single entity

B (bearer) channel:

carries voice, video, image, or data traffic, depending upon the equipment and applications available

Bandwidth:

expressed in a range of frequencies using hertz as the unit of measurement; also called analog capacity

Base 2 System:

binary number system, only two discrete values (0 and 1) are possible and all numbers are a combination of these two characters; digital signals are numbers sent in the Base 2 system

Base 10 System:

the decimal system

Baseband:

describes signals and systems whose range of frequency is measured from 0 to a maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency; sometimes used as a noun for a band of frequencies starting at 0

BGP (border gateway protocol):

an interautonomous system routing protocol; a network or group of networks under a common administration and with common routing policies

Bit:

contraction of the expression “binary digit”; smallest unit of data in a computer

BIOS (basic input/output system):

the firmware code run by an IBM-compatible PC when first powered on, known as “booting up”; primary function is to prepare the machine so other software programs can load, execute, and assume control of the PC

Bluetooth:

specification that allows mobile phones, computers, and PDAs to be connected wirelessly over short ranges

Bps: bits per second: common measure of data speed for computer modems and transmission carriers

BRI (basic rate interface): an integrated services digital network configuration, usually intended for the home and small enterprise (see also PRI)

Bricks and clicks: business that existed pre-Internet that now uses e-commerce technology to sell on the Internet

Bridge: interprets the LAN hardware adapter address contained in MAC and decide whether to filter or forward the frame; does not change the frame in any way

Browsers: client applications that access WWW servers

Building backbone: connects LANs within a building

Bus: electrical connection between any two components in a computer

Bus topology: system layout where electrical signals generated by a device connected anywhere on the bus are received by all other connected devices

Byte: the standard size of data in a computer; 8-bits

Cache: keeps data the processor is likely to need quickly close at hand; increases processor operation speed

CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing):

software used to design products such as electronic circuit boards in computers

Campus backbone: connects building LANs together

CD-R (compact disc - recordable):

special type of CD-ROM that can be written onto by any computer with a recording drive; can only be written onto once

CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory):

optical storage device read by lasers; can hold up to 700 megabytes of data

CD-RW (compact disc - rewritable):

special type of CD-ROM that can be written onto by any computer with a recording drive; can be written onto more than once

CIR (committed information rate): describes the user information transfer rate the network supports during normal network operations

CLEC (competitive local exchange carrier):

In the US, a telecommunications provider company (also called a carrier) that competes with other, already established carriers (the local telephone company)

Client/server architecture:

network where some computers are dedicated clients (workstations) and some are dedicated servers; information is centralized on the server, and an administrator sets policies and manages it

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) RAM:

requires very little power; maintains information even when the computer is off

Collision:

occurs when several network users communicate at the same time and interfere (collide) with one another

Collision domain:

logical network segment where data packets can "collide" with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol

Computer networking: a combination of hardware and software that lets the various computers in an organization communicate with one another

Computer operating system (OS): special computer program that provides an environment in which other programs can use the computer’s central processor and the attached input/output devices

Connectivity devices: bring users of the network into contact with one another

Constant bit rate (CBR): transmission that uses a set amount of network capacity on a continual basis; used when the arrival of the information is time-sensitive

Convergence: the merging and sometimes clashing of voice and data

CPE (customer premises equipment): generally refers to telephones, DSL or cable modems, or purchased set-top boxes for use with communication service providers’ services

CPS (cycles per second): measure of how frequently an alternating current changes direction; has been replaced by the term hertz (Hz)

CPU (Central Processing Unit): the brain of the computer system where calculations and decisions are made; also referred to as the processor

CPU Speed: how fast the CPU works

CSU (channel service unit):

provides a loopback function for telephone company testing, and checks bipolar signal generation

CRC (cyclic redundancy check):

method of checking for errors in data that has been transmitted on a communications link; a function used to produce a Checksum against a block of data

CS (convergence sublayer):

particular protocols that are responsible for gathering and formatting higher layer information so it can be processed by the lower layers

CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detect):

set of rules for determining how network devices response when two devices collide

D (data) channel:

used for common channel signaling by both the telephone company switch and the customer equipment; provides the call signals that set up B channel connections

DACS (digital access and cross-connect system):

a piece of telecommunications equipment used for routing T1 lines; can cross-connect any T1 line in the system with any other T1 line in the system

Data:

information manipulated inside the computer in the form of bits and bytes

Datagram:

data packet that is sent over an IP network; associated with the network layer when communication protocol is connectionless

DCE (data communications equipment OR data circuit-terminating equipment):

a device that communicates with a data terminal equipment (DTE) device in a particular standard

DDP (datagram delivery protocol):

a member of the AppleTalk networking protocol suite, mainly responsible for socket-to-socket delivery of datagrams over an AppleTalk network

DE (discard eligibility):

signal used to identify less important data traffic that can be dropped during periods of congestion on the system

DLCI (data link connection identifier):

a channel number that tells the network how to route the data

DMA (direct memory access):

a feature that allows certain hardware subsystems in a computer to access system memory for reading and/or writing independently of the CPU; can include disk drive controllers, graphics cards, network cards, and sound cards

DOS (disk operating system):

a family of closely related operating systems (COS) that ran on IBM PC type hardware.

DNA (digital network architecture):

a set of specifications or protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DECnet) that evolved into one of the first peer-to-peer network architectures

DNS (domain name system):

service that connects a domain name to an IP address

DRAM (dynamic random access memory):

primary choice for holding large amounts of information due to its inexpensive cost; must be refreshed or rewritten frequently (about every 386 milliseconds)

DS0 (digital signal, level 0):

basic digital signaling rate of 64 kbit/s, corresponding to the capacity of one voice-frequency-equivalent channel

DS1 (digital signal, level 1):

also known as T1; widely used to transmit voice and data between devices

DSL (digital subscriber line):

technology that delivers digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network

DVD (digital versatile disc):

can hold over seven times as much information as CDs

DWDM (dense wavelength-division multiplexing):

an optical technology used to increase bandwidth over existing fiber optic backbones (see building backbone, campus backbone)

EBCDIC (extended binary coded decimal interchange code):

8-bit character encoding table used by ISM mainframes

EGP (exterior gateway protocol): a protocol commonly used between hosts on the Internet to exchange routing table information

EMI (electromagnetic interference): radiation that causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced in other circuits; also called radio frequency interference or RFI

Enterprise network: connects many types of networks

Ethernet:

most commonly used protocol designed to change the packets into electrical signals that can be sent out over the wire

Exterior protocols:

routing protocol used between autonomous systems

FAT (file allocation table):

table that the operating system uses to locate files on a disk; because a file may be divided into many sections that are scattered around the disk, the FAT keeps track of all the pieces

FDDI (fiber distributed data interface): a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable (see ANSI)

FDM (frequency-division multiplexing):

permits a range of input signals to be carried over a communication line that uses separate carrier frequencies for each signal channel; mostly used for analog information but can carry digital

File management system: way to store and retrieve information from disk drives; controls how files can be created, accessed, retrieved, and deleted

Firewall:

a barrier between a network and the Internet through which only authorized users can pass; set of security policies to screen incoming and outgoing messages; also used to isolate one part of a network from another

Floppy drive:

early versions were actually floppy; today, they use hard 3.5 inch disk; also referred to as removable drive

Frame:

data structure that collectively represents the transmission stream (headers, data, and the trailer) and provides the information necessary for the correct delivery of the data

Frame relay: service with standards and specifications designed to transmit data; some users have had success at transmitting voice

FRAD (frame relay access device):

software that frames the customer’s payload with the Frame Relay overhead information, including the first DLCI (data link connection identifier) address, to prepare it for delivery to the network

Frequency:

number of times a wave repeats a cycle in a one-second period; measured in cycles per second, or hertz

FTP (file transfer protocol):

application used to transfer a copy of a file from one computer to another computer with one acting as client and the other as server; a login with a user name and password is typically required

Full-duplex link:

enables both sides to simultaneously send and receive data; could require two separate cables, one in each direction or a single multiplexed cable

Gateways:

a node on a network that translates (converts protocol) from one operating system environment to another

Gateway routers:

used to implement exterior protocols and interconnect autonomous systems

Gbps (gigabits per second; billions of bits per second):

a data transfer speed measurement for highspeed networks

GUI (graphical user interface):

easy way of accessing applications with the use of a pointing device, such as a mouse; pronounced “gooey”

Half-duplex link:

enables one side to transmit and receive, but not simultaneously; information only flows in one direction at a time using a control procedure to mediate

Host-to-host layer: part of the TCP/IP model that performs the same function as the transport layer in the OSI model

Host address:

part of an IP address that is uniquely assigned by an administrator

HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol):

protocol users interact with (by means of a browser) to access Web pages over an internet or intranet

Hubs: bring the users of the network into contact with one another

Hz (hertz): unit of frequency; one hertz simply means one cycle per second, applied to any periodic event (e.g., one tick of a clock is 1 Hz; the human heart beats at 1.2 Hz)

ILECs (incumbent local exchange carriers): a telephone company providing local service when the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted (see CLEC)

ILP (initial loader program): reads an existing file containing database records; also called a boot-loader

Input/output management routines: provide orderly control and flow of information between a computer’s main memory and attached peripheral devices

Interface: point in the system where the rules, control codes, formats, and information direction (as dictated by the protocol) are implemented

Interior protocols: routing protocol used within/interior to an independent/ autonomous system

Internet layer: part of the TCP/IP model that performs the same function as the network layer of the OSI model

Internetworking: connecting one network to another network

Interprocess communication: allows programs to share information dynamically, whether running locally or remotely

I/O (Input/output devices): hardware used to enter and retrieve data from the system

IP (internet protocol): network layer protocol provided with TCP/IP; connectionless, unreliable protocol that provides features for addressing, type or service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security

IP address (internet protocol address): logical address assigned to every workstation, server, printer, and router on any interconnected network

IPX/SPX (Internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange): a networking protocol used by the Novell NetWare operating systems; it is a datagram protocol used for connectionless communications

IRC (Internet relay chat): allows groups to communicate interactively via keyboard and screen display

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): a circuit-switched telephone network system designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary copper telephone wires

ISDN PRI: switched-line service from telephone companies that operates over T1 (or E1/J1) facilities

IS-IS (intermediate system-to-intermediate system): an interior gateway protocol (IGP) intended for use within an administrative domain or network

ISPs (Internet service providers): businesses or organizations that provide consumers with access to the Internet and related services

IT (information technology): broad term that can refer to anything from mainframes to PDAs; any technology that moves information (voice, video, or data)

ITU-T (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector): coordinates standards for telecommunications on behalf of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

IXC (interexchange carrier): a telephone company that provides connections between local exchanges in different geographic areas

Jitter: distortion in a digital signal caused by a shift in timing pulses; can cause data interpretation errors

JPEG (Joint Photographics Experts Group): a lossy compression technique for color images; pronounced jay-peg (see Lossy)

Kbps (thousands of bits per second): a measure of data transfer speed

kHz (kilohertz): a unit of measurement of frequency, also known as cycles per second; e.g., one kilohertz equals 1,000 Hz, or cycles per second

LAN (local area network): network that operates within a small geographic area, usually within a building, office, or department

LAPB (link access protocol, balanced): a data link protocol in the X.25 stack

LATAs (local access and transport areas): In the US, refers to a geographic region assigned to one or more telephone companies for providing communication services

Layer 2 switches: interpret and make switching decisions on the LAN hardware adapter address contained in the data link header of MAC frames; forward frames only to the destination hardware address contained in the frame

LCI (logical channel identifier): used to define frequencies in use on M/A-COM EDACS (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) systems and LTR (logic trunked radio) systems; more commonly known as logical channel number (see LCN); also known as virtual channel

LCN (logical channel number): used to define frequencies in use on M/A-COM EDACS (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) systems and LTR (logic trunked radio) systems; also known as the logical channel identifier (see LCI); also known as virtual channel

LE (local exchange): a regulatory term in telecommunications for local telephone company

Leased lines: another name for private lines, dedicated lines, or permanent circuits

LEC (local exchange carrier): a public telephone company in the US that provides local service

LGN (logical channel group number): together with the LCN (in the X.25 packet header), identifies the actual logical channel number of the DTE-DCE link; a 4-bit field representing a number between 0 and 15

Line layer: layer of the OSI physical layer that is responsible for synchronizing and multiplexing multiple streams of data into one SONET stream within SONET frames; also monitors and administers SONET multiplexers

LLC (logical link control): standard interface allowing any combination of MAC techniques and physical media to be used simultaneously in the same workstations; shields higher layer protocols from the peculiarities of the physical medium

Logical segmentation devices: allow network designers to maintain separate networks (often for security reasons) that can still communicate with one another

Lossy: data compression method where compressing and then decompressing retrieves data that may well be different from the original, but is "close enough" to be useful in some way

LU (logical unit): identifies an end-user in IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

MAC (media access control) address: unique 6-byte address associated with and coded into each network interface card (NIC); address assignment is controlled by the IEEE

MAN (metropolitan area network): connects sites in and around a large city

MB (megabyte): unit of information or computer storage equal to either exactly one million bytes or, in some cases, 1,048,567 bytes, or more rarely, 1,024,000 bytes; not to be confused with Mb, which stands for megabits

Mbps (megabits per second): a unit of information storage; not to be confused with MB or megabytes

Medium: transmission, or system that carries the message or data

MAU (medium attachment unit): converts signals on an Ethernet cable to and from AUI signals

Memory: desk space of the computer system; microchips located on the motherboard that hold data and instructions for the CPU (central processing unit)

Memory management: allocates memory to separate tasks and protects data from corruption

Menu: used in some DOS shells and early versions of Windows; an improvement on the command line but cumbersome when a task requires the submenu of a submenu of a submenu of a menu item

Message: information content to be shared

MHz (megahertz): one hertz is one cycle per second; a megahertz is equal to one million cycles per second

MIB (management information base): a type of database used to manage the devices in a communications network

MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group): digital video format identified by “.mpg” extension after the file name; a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards; pronounced m-peg

MPLS (multiprotocol label switching): an initiative that integrates Layer 2 information about network links (bandwidth, latency, utilization) into Layer 3 (IP) within a particular autonomous system to simplify and improve IP packet exchange

Mpps (millions of packets per second): a measurement of information sent per second

Multiplexing: process of putting multiple signals on a wire simultaneously

Multiport repeaters: allow multiple devices to be wired to a central location, share the same media, and regenerate (repeat) the signal; also referred to as active hubs

Multitasking routines: permit two or more distinct tasks to be performed concurrently by the computer

Name resolution: process by which the peer-to-peer name used on each conversational level is related to other levels

NAP (network access point): transitional data communications facilities at which Network Service Providers (NSPs) would exchange traffic, in replacement of the publicly-financed NSFNet Internet backbone; now replaced by modern IXPs

NAT (network address translator): involves re-writing the source and/or destination addresses of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall; also called network masquerading, native address translation, or IP-masquerading

NetBIOS (network basic input/output system): allows applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network (LAN)

Network access layer: allows a computer to exchange data with another computer over a common network medium; part of the TCP/IP model that performs the same functions as the data link and physical layers of the OSI model

Network address: part of an IP address that is uniquely assigned by one of the ICANN-sanctioned agencies

Network design: how the various clients and servers are arranged for purposes of connectivity, performance, and security

NOS (network operating system): optimizes the client/server architecture; provides and supports network services such as file services, e-mail, Internet and intranet services, and applications

NIC (network interface card): hardware adapter that provides communication capabilities; responsible for building, transmitting, receiving, and decoding frames in a LAN environment; serves as the interface between the networked devices and the connecting wires

NNTP (network news transfer protocol): makes USENET possible; protocol for the distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and posting of news articles using a reliable stream-based transmission of news among the ARPAInternet community

Nonvolatile memory: chips that hold information even when the system is turned off

NRZ-L (non-return to zero level): form of digital encoding; negative voltage is used to represent a binary 1, and a positive voltage is used to represent a binary 0

NSP (network service provider): a business or organization that sells bandwidth or network access by providing direct backbone access to the Internet, and usually access to it’s network access points (see NAP)

OC1 (optical carrier, level 1): a fiber optic connection capable of transferring data at 51.85 Mbps

Operating environment: how the OS controls the hardware and application programs

OS (operating system): interface between the application (word processor, spreadsheet, etc.) and the computer hardware

OSI (open systems interconnection) model: developed to provide a view of the distinct functionalities that are required to implement each protocol layer; defines a complete range of functions that can be achieved with data communications equipment

OSPF (open shortest path first): a link-state hierarchical interior gateway protocol (see IGP) for network routing protocol

Packet filters:

security method that filter by IP address; not adequate security for a network

Packets:

data structures that collectively represent the transmission stream (headers and data); associated with the network layer when the communication protocol is connection-oriented

PAD (packet assembler/disassembler):

assembles X25 packets on the sending end for transmission over the X25 PSDN, or disassembles X25 packets on the receiving end for onward transmission to the local network

Parallel port:

port where the bits travel down parallel paths, arriving one byte at a time; can supply more bytes of data per unit time

Passive hubs:

used in a LAN environment; special form of repeater that allow multiple devices to be wired into a central location and share the same media; do not regenerate (repeat) the signal

Path layer:

layer of the OSI physical layer that is responsible for reliable end-to-end transport and payload delivery, including automatic recovery from failure points

PBX (private branch exchange):

a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office

PC (personal computer):

a microcomputer whose price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals

PCI (peripheral component interconnect):

a computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard

PCM (pulse code modulation):

process for converting from analog to digital

PDA (personal digital assistant):

hand-held computer with a touch screen

PDU (protocol data unit):

information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network; in layered systems, a unit of data that is specified in a protocol of a given layer

Phase:

where in the wave cycle the wave currently is; measured in degrees

Peer-to-peer networks:

network in which each computer is capable of functioning as a client and a server; users on the network can freely share resources on their computer or access shared resources on other computers

Photonic layer:

layer of the OSI physical layer that specifies fiber cable with optical light sources and receivers

Physical segmentation devices:

divide collision domains to improve network performance

Ping:

sonar concept implemented with the Echo Request and Echo Reply application; basic connectivity test between two TCP/IP network devices

POP (Post Office Protocol):

how clients access their mailboxes on the messaging server; usually done in its third version, POP3

POPs (points of presence):

an artificial demarcation point or interface point between communications entities

POST (power-on self-test):

the pre-boot sequence for a computer, router, or printer

POTS (plain old telephone service):

standard telephone service, the basic form of residential and small business telephone service

PRI (primary rate interface):

an integrated services digital network (ISDN) configuration, usually intended for large users (see also BRI)

Process and application layer:

Part of the TCP/IP model that performs the same functions as the application, presentation, and session layers of the OSI model

Processor:

brain of the computer system where calculations and decisions are made; also referred to as the CPU

Processor memory:

referred to as the L1 (level 1), an interface between the processor and the cache

Protocol:

set of rules used to control the exchange of information that is understood by the transmitter and receivers

Proxy server:

sits between the network router and the Internet; talks to the Internet on behalf of a network’s resources, allowing real network addresses to be hidden

PSDN (packet-switched data network):

a publicly available network supporting packet-switched data, separate from PSTN

PSTN (public switched telephone network):

the network of the world’s public circuit-switched telephone networks; in much the same way the Internet is the network of the worlds’ public IP-based packet switched networks

PU (physical unit):

a value or magnitude conventionally adopted as a unit or standard of physical measurements (e.g., length, mass, and time); identifies a network node that supports communication sessions between logical units (LU) which represent end users in IBM's SNA

Pure play:

newly developed business built on advantages afforded by e-commerce

PVCs (permanent virtual circuits):

use a real, shared circuit in the service provider’s backbone

QoS (quality of service):

the capability of a network to provide better service to selected network traffic over various technologies

RAM (random access memory):

chips capable of storing and later dumping data in preparation for other uses

RARP (reverse address resolution protocol):

protocol used to resolve an IP address from a given hardware address (e.g., an Ethernet address)

RAS (remote access service):

allows users to access the network through dial-up modem connections

Receiver:

destination of the message or data

Recovery routine:

enables a computer to resume operation after encountering a problem, such as a power outage or program error

Remote login: allows a user at one computer to interact with another, as if the user’s computer is directly attached to the remote computer

Removable storage:

a way to store information on disks that can be removed and used on different systems; most removable drives (also known as floppy drives) use a hard 3.5 inch disk

Repeaters:

regenerate and reshape digital pulses and allow a signal to be transmitted further than a single circuit can achieve

RIP (routing information protocol):

used by routers connecting LANs to exchange routing table information to determine the best path through the network at any point in time

ROM (read-only memory):

chips that store data that needs to be maintained constantly

Routers:

basic piece of network hardware necessary to connect one network to another; makes decisions about packet forwarding based on IP address information in the packet; directs traffic between network segments

RTMP (routing table maintenance protocol):

a communication protocol used by AppleTalk to ensure that all routers on the network have consistent routing information

SAPs (service access points):

represent internal software addresses in the sending or receiving computer

SAR (segmentation and reassembly):

the process used to fragment and rebuild packets that allows them to be transported across asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy):

international counterpart of SONET

SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory):

version of DRAM that allows for increased speed

SEAL (simple and efficient AAL):

method of relaying ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cells between ATM Layer and a higher layer

Section layer:

layer of the OSI physical layer that creates frames, monitors the conditions of the transmission between the SONET equipment, and converts optical signals to and from electrical signals

Security routines:

protect data and applications from unauthorized use, execution, or change

Semaphores:

messages sent when a file is opened that prevent other users from opening the same file at the same time and compromising the integrity of the data

Serial port: handles data one bit at a time traveling sequentially across a single line from one device to the next

Server:

a computer that provides services to the other workstations

Simplex transmission:

the information always flows from the transmitter to one or more receivers with no provision for a return signal; like radio and TV broadcasts

SMLI (stateful multi-layer inspection):

similar to application gateways; however, no proxy is used between the network and the Internet

SMLIS (stateful multilayer inspection servers):

sophisticated firewalls that inspect each frame for suspicious communications

SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol):

electronic mail service that allows a user to send or receive messages

SNA (systems network architecture):

IBM’s mainframe network standards

SNMP (simple network management protocol):

application layer protocol in the TCP/IP family; provides remote network management capabilities to a network administrator; implemented with centralized management stations that collect network information from agents throughout the network; can also send commands to the agents to alter the configuration or status of remote devices

SOCKS (an abbreviation of SOCKetS):

protocol for handling TCP though a proxy server; library of software added to an individual application for secure communication through the firewall

SOCKS servers:

specialized servers for prearranged communications through a firewall

TDM (time-division multiplexing):

used in the T1 frame format; different channels are multiplexed by being assigned their own individual time slots

Threads:

individual processes within a single application

Three-layer Network Model:

shows network communications as a set of three conversations

Transmitter:

source that generates the message or data

Transport layer:

layer that is responsible for delivering information in sequence and to the correct end-user

Trap:

SNMP protocol function used by the agent in a managed device to report important events or alarms

Topology:

the physical (how the wires are laid out) and/or logical (how the wires work) arrangement of the devices on the network

UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter):

a computer component that handles asynchronous serial communication; pronounced U-art

UDP (user datagram protocol):

connectionless, unreliable protocol that exchanges datagrams without acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery; requires error processing and retransmission by other protocols

USB (universal serial bus) port:

designed to replace the RS-232 connection with one that can handle up to 127 devices; comes in 15 Mbps or 12 Mbps speed

USENET (USEr NETwork):

Internet service that enables open forum discussions with people all over the world through newsgroups

User interface:

how you interact with the computer

Utility routines:

diagnostic, tracing, monitoring, and resource housekeeping functions

UTP (unshielded twisted-pair):

the most common cable used in computer networking

VBR (variable bit rate):

transmissions that are not time sensitive - the receiving computer can reconstruct the information regardless of how quickly or in what order the parts are received; also called “bursty” transmission

VCI (virtual channel identifier):

identifies the virtual channel between ATM switch nodes

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol):

routing of voice conversations over the Internet or through any other IP-based network; also called telephone, broadband phone

Volatile memory:

chips that lose whatever information they are holding if power is interrupted

VPI (virtual path identifier):

traces the virtual path, from endpoint-to-endpoint, through the ATM network

WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing):

when two or more different wavelengths of light each carrying information are multiplexed together on a fiber link, and demultiplexed at the receiving end to recapture the individual information carried by each wavelength used

WAN (wide area network):

geographically dispersed network of computers

WC3 (World Wide Web Consortium):

user and developer forum dedicated to developing interoperable Web technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools)

Wi-Fi:

describes the underlying technology of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on IEEE specifications; originally developed for mobile computing devices in LANs, but is now used for more services, including Internet and VoIP phone access

Wireless:

telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path

Word size:

number of bits that a processor can manipulate at a time

WPAN (wireless personal area networks):

wireless network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace; typically limited to a 10 meter range

WLAN (wireless local area network):

computer network used for wireless communications among computer devices (including telephones and PDAs); also known as LAWN (local area wireless network)

WWW (World Wide Web):

server-based application that organizes information using hypermedia

xDSL (digital subscriber line):

technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network

XML (extensible markup language):

W3C (World Wide Web consortium)-recommended general-purpose markup language that supports a wide variety of applications

Setting Dial Up Internet using a GSM Operator

2016-01-06T12:56:00.000-08:00

(3G HSDPA) and CDMA in the Notebook or Computer

1. Telkomsel Flash – Halo/Simpati/As (Time)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name :
Password :
Access Point : FLASH
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,”flash”

2. Telkomsel GPRS – Halo/Simpati/As (Data)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : wap
Password : wap123
Access Point : TELKOMSEL
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,”internet”

3. Indosat – Matrix – (Data)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name :
Password :
Access Point : www.satelindogprs.com
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” www.satelindogprs.com”

4. Indosat – Mentari – (Data)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : indosat
Password : indosat
Access Point : www.satelindogprs.com
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” www.satelindogprs.com”

5. Indosat – IM3 (Data)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : gprs
Password : im3
Access Point : www.indosat-m3.net
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” www.indosat-m3.net”

6. Indosat – IM3 (Time)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : indosat@durasi
Password : indosat@durasi
Access Point : www.indosat-m3.net
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” www.indosat-m3.net”

7. XL – Xplor/Bebas/Jempol (Data)
Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : xlgprs
Password : proxl
Access Point : www.xlgprs.net
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” www.xlgprs.net”

8. Axis

Dial Up Number : *99***1#
User Name : AXIS
Password : 123456
Access Point : AXIS
Extra Setting : at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,” AXIS ”

9. Telkom Flexi – Classy/Trendy (Data)
Dial Up Number : #777
User Name : telkomnet@flexi
Password : telkom
Access Point :
Extra Setting : at+crm=1

10. Telkom Flexi – Classy/Trendy (Time)
Dial Up Number : 080989999
User Name : telkomnet@instan
Password : telkom
Access Point :
Extra Setting : at+crm=0

11. Mobile 8 – Fren
Dial Up Number : #777
User Name : m8
Password : m8
Access Point :
Extra Setting :

12. Starone
Dial Up Number : #777
User Name : starone
Password : indosat
Access Point :
Extra Setting :
Activation : send sms ... type " net " to 799 ( using first for call )

13. Esia (Time)
Dial Up Number : #777
User Name : esia
Password : esia
Access Point :
Extra Setting :

****************************************************

BIOS ERROR CODE

2016-01-06T12:54:00.000-08:00

POST and Diagnostics Error Codes

================================

xxxxx   Description

----------------------------------------------------------------

01x     Undetermined problem errors.

02x     Power supply errors.

1xx     System Board Errors.

101     System Board Error; Interrupt failure.

102     System Board Error; Timer failure.

103     System Board Error; Timer interrupt failure.

104     System Board Error; Protected mode failure.

105     System Board Error; Last 8042 command not accepted.

106     System Board Error; Converting logic test.

107     System Board Error; Hot Non Maskable Interrupt test.

108     System Board Error; Timer bus test.

109     System Board Error; Memory select error.

110     PS/2 System Board Error; Parity check error.

111     PS/2 Memory adapter error.

112     PS/2 MicroChannel arbitration error.

113     PS/2 MicroChannel arbitration error.

121     Unexpected hardware interrupts occurred.

131     PC system board cassette port wrap test failure.

161     System Options Not Set-(Run SETUP); Dead battery.

162     System Options Not Set-(Run SETUP); CMOS checksum/

          configuration error.

163     Time & Date not Set-(Run SETUP); Clock not updating.

164     Memory Size Error-(Run SETUP); CMOS setting does not

          match memory.

165     PS/2 System options not set.

166     PS/2 Micro Channel adapter time-out error.

199     User indicated INSTALLED DEVICES list is not correct.

2xx     Memory (RAM) errors.

201     Memory test failure, error location will be displayed in

          hexadecimal.

202     Memory address error, address lines 00-15.

203     Memory address error, address lines 16-23.

215     PS/2 Motherboard memory failure.

216     PS/2 Motherboard memory failure.

3xx     Keyboard errors.

301     Keyboard did not respond to software reset or a stuck key

          failure was detected. If a stuck key was detected, the

          scan code for the key is displayed in hexadecimal.

302     System Unit Keylock is Locked.

303     Keyboard Or System Unit Error.

304     Keyboard Or System Unit Error; Keyboard clock high.

305     PS/2 Keyboard fuse (on system board) error.

4xx     Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) errors.

4xx     PS/2 System board parallel port errors.

401     Monochrome memory test, horizontal sync frequency test,

          or video test failure.

401     PS/2 System board parallel port failure.

408     User indicated display attributes failure.

416     User indicated character set failure.

424     User indicated 80x25 mode failure.

432     Parallel port test failure; monochrome display adapter.

5xx     Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) errors.

501     CGA memory test, horizontal sync frequency test, or video

          test failure.

508     User indicated display attribute failure.

516     User indicated character set failure.

524     User indicated 80x25 mode failure.

532     User indicated 40x25 mode failure.

540     User indicated 320x200 graphics mode failure.

548     User indicated 640x200 graphics mode failure.

6xx     Floppy drive/adapter errors.

601     Floppy drive/adapter Power On Self Test failure.

602     Drive test failure; disk boot record is not valid.

606     Disk changeline function failure; drive error.

607     Disk is write protected; drive error.

608     Bad command; drive error.

610     Disk initialization failure; track 0 bad.

611     Time-out; drive error.

612     Bad Controller chip.

613     Bad Direct Memory Access; drive error.

614     Bad Direct Memory Access; boundary overrun.

615     Bad index timing; drive error.

616     Drive speed error.

621     Bad seek; drive error.

622     Bad Cyclic Redundancy Check; drive error.

623     Record not found; drive error.

624     Bad address mark; drive error.

625     Bad Controller chip; seek error.

626     Disk data compare error.

7xx     8087, 80287, or 80387 math coprocessor error.

9xx     Parallel printer adapter errors.

901     Parallel printer adapter test failure.

10xx    Alternate parallel printer adapter errors.

1001    Alternate parallel printer adapter test failure.

11xx    Asynchronous communications adapter errors.

11xx    PS/2 System board async port errors.

1101    Asynchronous communications adapter test failure.

1102    PS/2 System board async port or serial device error.

1106    PS/2 System board async port or serial device error.

1107    PS/2 System board async port or serial cable error.

1108    PS/2 System board async port or serial device error.

1109    PS/2 System board async port or serial device error.

1112    PS/2 System board async port error.

1118    PS/2 System board async port error.

1119    PS/2 System board async port error.

12xx    Alternate asynchronous communications adapter errors.

12xx    PS/2 Dual async adapter error.

1201    Alternate asynchronous communications adapter test

          failure.

1202    PS/2 Dual async adapter or serial device error.

1206    PS/2 Dual async adapter or serial device error.

1207    PS/2 Dual async adapter or serial cable error.

1208    PS/2 Dual async adapter or serial device error.

1209    PS/2 Dual async adapter or serial device error.

1212    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

1218    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

1219    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

1227    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

1233    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

1234    PS/2 Dual async adapter or system board error.

13xx    Game control adapter errors.

1301    Game control adapter test failure.

1302    Joy-stick test failure.

14xx    Matrix Printer errors.

15xx    Synchronous data link control (SDLC) communications

          adapter errors.

1510    8255 port B failure.

1511    8255 port A failure.

1512    8255 port C failure.

1513    8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.

1514    8253 timer 1 stuck on.

1515    8253 timer 0 did not reach terminal count.

1516    8253 timer 0 stuck on.

1517    8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count.

1518    8253 timer 2 stuck on.

1519    8273 port B error.

1520    8273 port A error.

1521    8273 command/read time-out.

1522    Interrupt level 4 failure.

1523    Ring Indicate stuck on.

1524    Receive clock stuck on.

1525    Transmit clock stuck on.

1526    Test indicate stuck on.

1527    Ring indicate not on.

1528    Receive clock not on.

1529    Transmit clock not on.

1530    Test indicate not on.

1531    Data set ready not on.

1532    Carrier detect not on.

1533    Clear to send not on.

1534    Data set ready stuck on.

1536    Clear to send stuck on.

1537    Level 3 interrupt failure.

1538    Receive interrupt results error.

1539    Wrap data compare error.

1540    Direct Memory Access channel 1 error.

1541    Direct Memory Access channel 1 error.

1542    Error in 8273 error checking or status reporting.

1547    Stray interrupt level 4.

1548    Stray interrupt level 3.

1549    Interrupt presentation sequence time-out.

16xx    Display emulation errors (327x, 5520, 525x).

17xx    Fixed disk errors.

1701    Fixed disk POST error.

1702    Fixed disk adapter error.

1703    Fixed disk drive error.

1704    Fixed disk adapter or drive error.

1780    Fixed disk 0 failure.

1781    Fixed disk 1 failure.

1782    Fixed disk controller failure.

1790    Fixed disk 0 error.

1791    Fixed disk 1 error.

18xx    I/O expansion unit errors.

1801    I/O expansion unit POST error.

1810    Enable/Disable failure.

1811    Extender card wrap test failure; disabled.

1812    High order address lines failure; disabled.

1813    Wait state failure; disabled.

1814    Enable/Disable could not be set on.

1815    Wait state failure; disabled.

1816    Extender card wrap test failure; enabled.

1817    High order address lines failure; enabled.

1818    Disable not functioning.

1819    Wait request switch not set correctly.

1820    Receiver card wrap test failure.

1821    Receiver high order address lines failure.

19xx    3270 PC attachment card errors.

20xx    Binary synchronous communications (BSC) adapter errors.

2010    8255 port A failure.

2011    8255 port B failure.

2012    8255 port C failure.

2013    8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.

2014    8253 timer 1 stuck on.

2015    8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count or timer 2

          stuck on.

2017    8251 Data set ready failed to come on.

2018    8251 Clear to send not sensed.

2019    8251 Data set ready stuck on.

2020    8251 Clear to send stuck on.

2021    8251 hardware reset failure.

2022    8251 software reset failure.

2023    8251 software "error reset" failure.

2024    8251 transmit ready did not come on.

2025    8251 receive ready did not come on.

2026    8251 could not force "overrun" error status.

2027    Interrupt failure; no timer interrupt.

2028    Interrupt failure; transmit, replace card or planar.

2029    Interrupt failure; transmit, replace card.

2030    Interrupt failure; receive, replace card or planar.

2031    Interrupt failure; receive, replace card.

2033    Ring indicate stuck on.

2034    Receive clock stuck on.

2035    Transmit clock stuck on.

2036    Test indicate stuck on.

2037    Ring indicate stuck on.

2038    Receive clock not on.

2039    Transmit clock not on.

2040    Test indicate not on.

2041    Data set ready not on.

2042    Carrier detect not on.

2043    Clear to send not on.

2044    Data set ready stuck on.

2045    Carrier detect stuck on.

2046    Clear to send stuck on.

2047    Unexpected transmit interrupt.

2048    Unexpected receive interrupt.

2049    Transmit data did not equal receive data.

2050    8251 detected overrun error.

2051    Lost data set ready during data wrap.

2052    Receive time-out during data wrap.

21xx    Alternate binary synchronous communications adapter

          errors.

2110    8255 port A failure.

2111    8255 port B failure.

2112    8255 port C failure.

2113    8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.

2114    8253 timer 1 stuck on.

2115    8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count or timer 2

          stuck on.

2117    8251 Data set ready failed to come on.

2118    8251 Clear to send not sensed.

2119    8251 Data set ready stuck on.

2120    8251 Clear to send stuck on.

2121    8251 hardware reset failure.

2122    8251 software reset failure.

2123    8251 software "error reset" failure.

2124    8251 transmit ready did not come on.

2125    8251 receive ready did not come on.

2126    8251 could not force "overrun" error status.

2127    Interrupt failure; no timer interrupt.

2128    Interrupt failure; transmit, replace card or planar.

2129    Interrupt failure; transmit, replace card.

2130    Interrupt failure; receive, replace card or planar.

2131    Interrupt failure; receive, replace card.

2133    Ring indicate stuck on.

2134    Receive clock stuck on.

2135    Transmit clock stuck on.

2136    Test indicate stuck on.

2137    Ring indicate stuck on.

2138    Receive clock not on.

2139    Transmit clock not on.

2140    Test indicate not on.

2141    Data set ready not on.

2142    Carrier detect not on.

2143    Clear to send not on.

2144    Data set ready stuck on.

2145    Carrier detect stuck on.

2146    Clear to send stuck on.

2147    Unexpected transmit interrupt.

2148    Unexpected receive interrupt.

2149    Transmit Data did not equal receive data.

2150    8251 detected overrun error.

2151    Lost data set ready during data wrap.

2152    Receive time-out during data wrap.

22xx    Cluster adapter errors.

24xx    Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) errors.

24xx    PS/2 System board Video Graphics Array (VGA) errors.

26xx    XT/370 errors.

27xx    AT/370 errors.

28xx    3278/79 emulation adapter errors.

29xx    Color/graphics printer errors.

30xx    Primary PC Network adapter errors.

3001    Processor test failure.

3002    ROM checksum test failure.

3003    Unit ID PROM test failure.

3004    RAM test failure.

3005    Host Interface Controller test failure.

3006    +/- 12v test failure.

3007    Digital loopback test failure.

3008    Host detected Host Interface Controller failure.

3009    Sync failure and no Go bit.

3010    Host Interface Controller test OK and no Go bit.

3011    Got bit and no Command 41.

3012    Card not present.

3013    Digital failure; fall through.

3015    Analog failure.

3041    Hot carrier; not this card.

3042    Hot carrier; this card!

31xx    Secondary PC Network adapter errors.

3101    Processor test failure.

3102    ROM checksum test failure.

3103    Unit ID PROM test failure.

3104    RAM test failure.

3105    Host Interface Controller test failure.

3106    +/- 12v test failure.

3107    Digital loopback test failure.

3108    Host detected Host Interface Controller failure.

3109    Synch failure and no Go bit.

3110    Host Interface Controller test OK and no Go bit.

3111    Go bit and no Command 41.

3112    Card not present.

3113    Digital failure; fall through.

3115    Analog failure.

3141    Hot carrier; not this card.

3142    Hot carrier; this card!

33xx    Compact printer errors.

36xx    General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) adapter errors.

38xx    Data acquisition adapter errors.

39xx    Professional graphics controller errors.

71xx    Voice communications adapter errors.

73xx    3.5" external diskette drive errors.

7306    Disk changeline function failure; drive error.

7307    Disk is write protected; drive error.

7308    Bad command; drive error.

7310    Disk initialization failure; track 0 bad.

7311    Time-out; drive error.

7312    Bad Controller chip.

7313    Bad Direct Memory Access; drive error.

7314    Bad Direct Memory Access; boundary overrun.

7315    Bad index timing; drive error.

7316    Drive speed error.

7321    Bad seek; drive error.

7322    Bad Cyclic Redundancy Check; drive error.

7323    Record not found; drive error.

7324    Bad address mark; drive error.

7325    Bad Controller chip; seek error.

74xx    IBM PS/2 Display adapter (VGA card) errors.

85xx    IBM Expanded Memory Adapter (XMA) errors.

86xx    PS/2 Pointing device errors.

8601    PS/2 Pointing device error.

8602    PS/2 Pointing device error.

8603    PS/2 Pointing device error or System board failure.

89xx    Music feature card errors.

100xx   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter errors.

10002   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or serial device error.

10006   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or serial device error.

10007   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or communications cable error.

10008   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or serial device error.

10009   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or serial device error.

10012   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or system board error.

10018   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or system board error.

10019   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or system board error.

10042   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or system board error.

10056   PS/2 Multiprotocol adapter or system board error.

104xx   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk errors.

10480   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk 0 failure.

10481   PS/2 ESSI Fixed disk 1 failure.

10482   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk controller failure.

10483   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk controller failure.

10490   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk 0 error.

10491   PS/2 ESDI Fixed disk 1 error.