VICKY says NOTHING IS FOREVER !!!

Steps to make ISO images using Power ISO application

2012-05-18T11:18:00.001+05:30

Dear Freinds ,

Today my blog is all about how to create ISO images using third party applications like Power ISO , Magic ISO , Ultra ISO etc. In all applications steps are almost same. As of now i am taking example of Power ISO application.

Requirements :

1. CD or DVD whose image you want to create.
2. Power ISO application. For download click here
Serial key for power iso
(Name- TEAM CRUDE Serial- 59756-39QIZ-F5KZE-3RVKH-IJN8A)

Steps to create ISO image:

1. Install Power ISO and register it with given name and serial key.
2. Insert CD/DVD in drive.
3. Open power ISO.

4.Click Copy option.

5. Choose CD/DVD/BD image file option.
6. Select .iso option and choose path where you want to save image file.

7. Click ok.

8. Process will start and after completion you will get ISO image of CD/DVD.

Steps to create XP bootable USB

2012-05-11T12:47:00.000+05:30

This tutorial is to create a bootable usb to install microsoft XP by using WinToFlash application.

Steps to create a bootable USB Flash Drive

Download Win to Flash.
Extract the downloaded zip file to any folder on your desktop.
Open the folder and run WintoFlash.exe by double clicking on it.
Click Next, check I accept EULA, click Next and Next again. Wait for the software to load some ads, click Next and Next again.
A welcome screen appears.

Click on the big green tick. WinToFlash wizard will open.

Click Next. On Windows File path entry box, click Select button and select the location of your Windows xp installation files directory and click OK.
On USB Drive path entry box, select your USB flash drive's location and click OK.
Click Next button. In the dialog box, encircle I accepted the license agreement and click Continue.
A warning message will be displayed saying that "Formatting will erase all data on the disk". Click OK on the message.
WintoFlash will show a window with a progress bar like the one in the image below.

Preparing a bootable pen drive

After the progress bar reaches the end, press Next and then press Exit. A notification to update WintoFlash might be shown, click "No just close" to close it.

Now u r ready to install window xp using ur usb drive.

Window 7 all versions product keys

2012-04-28T10:05:00.003+05:30

You can use any of these product keys as per your windows version.

Window 7 ultimate product key

22TKD-F8XX6-YG69F-9M66D-PMJBM

GPT3G-HFQCK-3FVBT-694P9-RBM2D

HXKWW-839BH-9CD49-MCXVR-6Q4PJ

VX89K-R7KXX-7QR6W-XYHBV-9YF8W

PPPG4-78H92-XDTG2-PWHKX-CQKBC

FJGCP-4DFJD-GJY49-VJBQ7-HYRR2

Window 7 Home Premium product key

7JQWQ-K6KWQ-BJD6C-K3YVH-DVQJG

6RBBT-F8VPQ-QCPVQ-KHRB8-RMV82

Window 7 Professional product key

VTDC3-WM7HP-XMPMX-K4YQ2-WYGJ8

6RQ9V-6GCG4-8WV2H-966GF-DQ4DQ

32KD2-K9CTF-M3DJT-4J3WC-733WD

Upgrade key for Windows Anytime Upgrade:

RHPQ2-RMFJH-74XYM-BH4JX-XM76F

Download Win 7 all versions and Win 8 preview versions

2012-04-27T14:43:00.003+05:30

Here I am providing you downlaod links for window 7 & window 8

Download Links

Window 8 Consumer preview download:
Download

Window 7 download links are below

Direct download links:

With Service pack 1

Windows 7 Home Premium Service Pack 1 x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Home Premium Service Pack 1 x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Windows 7 Professional Service Pack 1 x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Professional Service Pack 1 x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Windows 7 Ultimate Service Pack 1 x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Ultimate Service Pack 1 x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Without Service pack

Windows 7 Home Premium x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Home Premium x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Windows 7 Professional x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Professional x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Windows 7 Ultimate x86 ISO 32-bit
Download

Windows 7 Ultimate x64 ISO 64-bit
Download

Torrent Download links

Windows 7 Ultimate 32bit + Removewatt iso + PowerISO v4.7+serial
Download

Windows 7 Alienware 2010 .ISO
Download

Windows 7 ultimate 64bit + Power iso + removewat torrent
Download

How to break or clear BIOS / CMOS password

2012-04-24T11:03:00.001+05:30

Note: Steps for desktop only , not for laptop

< for laptop you can use third party softwares eq bios320.exe >

If you faced locked bios at boot time then you have to follow one the following steps to reset or clear bios password.

Locked screen depends on manufacturer.

For example:

Steps to clear / reset password:

1. By using Jumpers:

Caution: When inside the computer be sure you're aware of the potential damage that can be caused byESD.

On the computer motherboard locate the BIOS clear or password jumper or dipswitch and change its position. This jumper is often labeled CLEAR, CLEAR CMOS, JCMOS1, CLR, CLRPWD, PASSWD, PASSWORD, PSWD or PWD as shown in the picture to the right. To change the jumper remove it from the two pins its currently on so that it covers the pin that is not covered. For example, in the picture to the right pins 1 and 2 are covered, you'd remove the jumper and put it on pins 2 and 3.

Once this jumper has been changed, turn on the computer and the password should be cleared. Once cleared, turn the computer off and return the jumper or dipswitch to its original position.

The location of the jumpers or dipswitches are dependent on the manufacturer of the computer and motherboard. However, below are some general ideas on where to find it. Remember that most motherboards could have dozens of different jumpers, make sure you're changing the CMOS jumper and not something else. If these general suggestions do not help refer to your motherboard or computer documentation or skip to the next step.

1. On the edge of the motherboard - Most jumpers are located on the side of the motherboard for easy accessibility, verify by looking at all visible edges of the motherboard.

2. By the CMOS battery - Some manufactures will place the jumper to clear the CMOS or BIOS password by the actual CMOS battery.

3. By the processor - Some manufactures will place the jumpers by the processor of the computer.

4. Under the keyboard or bottom of laptop - If you are working on a laptop computer the location of the dipswitch (almost never a jumper) can be under the keyboard or on the bottom of the laptop in a compartment such as the memory compartment.

5. Other visible location - While it is possible that the jumpers or dipswitches may not be in a visible location, most manufactures try to make things easier by placing the jumpers or dipswitches in another visible location.

2. Removing CMOS baterry

Removing the CMOS battery like the one shown in the picture to the right will cause the system to lose all CMOS settings including the password. To do this locate and remove the CMOS battery on the motherboard for at least five-minutes. After this has been done put the battery back into the computer and turn it back on.

3. Generic passwords

On many computers (especially old ones), computer manufacturers build in backdoor passwords for their own technicians to use so they can access the BIOS when the hardware is being serviced. Here are some of the ones that have been reported. You may need to try quite a few passwords before you find one that works

These passwords are Case sensitive

AMI BIOS Backdoor Passwords:

A.M.I.

AAAMMMII

AMI

AMI?SW

AMI_SW

BIOS

CONDO

HEWITT RAND

LKWPETER

MI

Oder

PASSWORD

Award BIOS Backdoor Passwords:

(eight spaces)

01322222

589589

589721

595595

598598

ALFAROME

ALLY

ALLy

aLLY

aLLy

aPAf

award

AWARD PW

AWARD SW

AWARD?SW

AWARD_PW

AWARD_SW

AWKWARD

awkward

IOSTAR

CONCAT

CONDO

Condo

condo

d8on

djonet

HLT

J256

J262

j262

j322

j332

J64

KDD

LKWPETER

Lkwpeter

PINT

pint

SER

SKY_FOXSYXZ

SKY_FOX

syxz

SYXZ

TTPTHA

ZAAAADA

ZAAADA

ZBAAACA

ZJAAADC

Russian Award BIOS Passwords:

%øåñòü ïpîáåëîâ%

%äåâÿòü ïpîáåëîâ%

Phoenix Backdoor BIOS Passwords:

BIOS

CMOS

phoenix

PHOENIX

Other Manufcaturers Backdoor Passwords: (manufacturer name – password)

VOBIS and IBM – merlin

Dell – Dell

Biostar – Biostar

Compaq – Compaq

Enox – xo11nE

Epox – central

Freetech – Posterie

IWill – iwill

Jetway – spooml

Packard Bell – bell9

QDI – QDI

Siemens – SKY_FOX

SOYO – SY_MB

TMC – BIGO

Toshiba – Toshiba

4. Use a BIOS password utility

!BIOS is a freeware utility which is designed to be a whole BIOS and security suite. It has the ability to decrypt the passwords used in some of the most common BIOS makes such as Award, Phoenix, American Megatrends, IMB etc..

It also has the ability to brute force the password (known as “blasters”). However, this method is dangerous and can result in some unexpected and unwanted results.

Note: Because of this applications password cracking abilities, some antivirus software may report it as a virus/trojan. This is a false positive.

To start using !BIOS, reboot your computer and take note of the BIOS type and version you are running. For example, If your motherboard uses Award BIOS you should look for the text “Award Medallion BIOS 6.0″ or something similar.

Download !BIOS from here and save it to your desktop. Then, open a DOS command windows by going to Start > Run and type: cmd

Once you see a black screen in front of you, type: cd desktop

You should now see something like: C:\Documents and Settings\YourUserName\Desktop>

Now type the name of the file you just downloaded, if you haven’t changed the name just type in: bios320.exe

Use the down arrow and choose “Crackers” and then press the right arrow. Using the up and down arrows, select the BIOS that the motherboard is using and press Enter.

You should now see a menu asking what you want to crack, in most cases its the Supervisor or System Passwords you want to crack, so press the 1 key on your keyboard. It will then show you another menu asking how you want it to be cracked. Option 1 is pretty good so try that first by pressing the 1 key on your keyboard. You should now have your BIOS password.

Reboot the computer, enter the BIOS and try it out.

5. Contact manufacturer

If the above solutions do not help or you are unable to locate the jumpers or solder beads, it's recommended you contact the computer manufacturer or motherboard manufacturer for the steps on clearing the computer password.

Make backtrack 5 bootable usb using Universal USB Installer

2012-04-19T10:52:00.000+05:30

Many of you have tried a number of softwares to make bootable usb for backtrack. Daily i get 4-5 queries regarding " How to make Bootable usb for back track 5". So today i decided to write for you guys.

One of the best tool i encounter for making bootable usb is Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.8.9. This tool is very easy to use. In this blog i'll show you practically how to use it.

Prerequisite:

1. Backtrack 5 iso file.
2. Universal USB installer download here

8GB USB Pen Drive (atleast 4GB pen drive, in 4gb you can create less amount of persistent memory only).

Step 1:Run Universal Usb Installer

You can run universal usb installer by double clicking it(no need of installation).

Select Backtrack 5 or Backtrack 5 R1(it is included in latest version) or select your backtrack version.

Step 2: Select the Backtrack ISO Image

Now click the browse button and select the Backtrack ISO image.

Step 3: Select USB Drive

Now select the USB Drive(Pen Drive) Letter. Becareful while selecting the Drive Letter. Check whether it is correct letter for your pen drive. If you mistaken in selecting the drive, it will format other drive.

Step 4: Persistent Memory

check the We will format x:\ Drive as FAT 32 option.

Set a persistent memory based on your requirement. i set 2GB .

Step 5: Start Install

Click the Create button. It will prompt with "ready to perform following action....". Verify once again whether you choose correct drive. Then click the Yes button.

Step 6: What's next?

After completion of installation , restart the windows.

Press F10 of F12(it may vary for you) to select Boot Drive.

Select your Pen Drive as boot drive.

Now backtrack start to boot.

After booting is completed, you will see the command line Interface with "root@root:".

Enter "startx" to get into GUI interface.

Enjoy the Security Distribution..!!!

Enjoy ur day

Hot News: Destroy lost pen drive remotely

2012-04-19T10:31:00.000+05:30

If your have lost your memory stick, holding vital or sensitive information, you can easily destroy it by remote control after tracking it by GPS.

The memory stick, called Security Guardian, includes an encrypted memory chip and a SIM card, which means that it can be tracked by GPSand GSM triangulation.

Owners can sign in to their account and block files and information. Alternatively, they can text a specific code to the stick itself, which will disable the device or lock the files within.

And, if all else fails, users can send a high-voltage charge directly into the stick, melting the internal chip and erasing everything contained on it. This killer bolt can be delivered without an internet connection, never mind whether the device is connected to a computer or not, the Daily Mail reports.

The growing interest in data protection follows a number of high-profile cases where sensitive official information was left on public transport - including a case in 2009 when a government contractor lost a memory stick containing the information of 84,000 prisoners.

A 2008 report found that more than 3,200 laptops and mobile phones containing sensitive information had been lost or stolen from government departments.

In their sales pitch, ExactTrak claims that 65 per cent of recorded data losses are due to laptops and USB memory devices that go missing.

ExactTrak is currently working with Government and corporate clients, developing a range of products that provide mobile data security and asset recovery.

But it's not reserved for security services, and for a reassuringly expensive fee of 25 pounds, a month any secretive soul can avail themselves the technology.

Thanks to techgig

Make Windows Bootable USB Pendrive using command line

2012-04-04T11:02:00.002+05:30

Here m with a new article ..... make bootable usb through command line only.. no need of software.

By following these steps you can make any window bootable usb.

You have to follow these simple steps.

So let us start with the procedure now:

1) Run command prompt (cmd). This can be done by clicking start and typing typing cmd in Windows 7. In Windows Xp, click on start and then click on run. Type cmd and run. This will open the command prompt which will look like this:

2) Then run diskpart utility from command prompt, by typing ‘diskpart’ on command prompt and pressing enter. This will run the diskpart utility in a separate windows, which is shown in 2nd picture below:

3) Now put in your pendrive in a USB port. Your pen drive must be atleast 4 GB, 8 GB pendrive is best for this purpose. Now go back to the diskpart console and type ‘listdisk’ and press enter. This will list the various storage devices available. You can see the size column of the disk and here we can see that ‘disk 2′ is our pen drive. Warning: In your computer it may be some other number. In our case it is ‘disk 2′.a

7) After the format is complete, put in your original Windows 7 DVD in your DVD drive, or if you have an .iso image of the DVD, mount that image using any virtual drive software like Power ISO.

- Now go to My Computer, and open the contents of DVD Drive. Press ‘ctrl+a’ to select all contents and copy all the contents by pressing ‘ctrl+c’.

- Now go back to My Computer and open the USB Drive and press ‘ctrl+v’ to paste all the contents of DVD into the USB Disk.

When the copy finishes, you are done just remove the USB Drive safely and use it to install Windows 7 in your computer/laptop.

7 Tips to Increase Wi-Fi Performance

2012-03-30T10:30:00.003+05:30

With a few basic changes you can get better performance. If these don't work, it might be time to upgrade to one of the newer standards.

Having connection or performance issues with your wireless network? Do you have poor or intermittent Wi-Fi signals or poor video or audio streaming? Here I share some tips on increasing Wi-Fi performance. And most don’t even require spending money.

Reposition your router - First try simply moving your wireless router. Ideally you want it placed in the center of your desired coverage area, but keep in mind you’ll probably need to move your modem as well. Moving it to an optimum spot can help increase range and speeds.

If you have cable Internet you can usually simply move your modem/gateway to another cable outlet. DSL modems can also be moved easily to another telephone jack, but if there’s a DSL filter installed on the new jack it should be moved to the old jack.

If you don’t have any cable or telephone jacks in the spot you want to place the router you could consider buying a longer Ethernet cable to run between the modem and router.

You also want to place the router on a high unobstructed spot for optimum range, not buried in or under your desk or other furniture.

Use only one wireless standard - Though the wireless standards (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and soon-to-be 802.11ac) are backward compatible with each other, you should stick with one standard for your router and Wi-Fi devices for best performance. And obviously try to use the latest standard, which supports the highest speeds and best performance.

You can easily upgrade a computer’s wireless adapter, but upgrading other Wi-Fi devices like smartphones and gaming consoles aren’t so easy. If you upgrade your router, consider keeping the old router to support older standards and use the new one just for Wi-Fi devices supporting the latest standards.

For instance if you have a wireless G router, buy a wireless N or AC router to replace it, but then plug the wireless G router into the new router. You can even place them close to each other but make sure they’re set to different channels as far as possible if on the same (2.4GHz or 5GHz) band. Then on the new router, login to the control panel and set it to wireless N or AC only. Therefore Wi-Fi computers and devices with the newer standard will connect to the new router with the best performance possible while others will connect to the older router.

Use WPA2 security - For the high speeds on wireless N or AC routers you must use WPA2 security with AES encryption. Using WPA or WEP security with TKIP encryption will dramatically reduce bandwidth. Most routers offer a mixed WPA/WPA2 mode, but you should use WPA2 only. Homes should use the personal (PSK) mode, which is the easiest to setup and businesses should use the enterprise (RADIUS) mode which requires an external authentication server.
Most devices you have should support WPA2 security, but if you have some that don’t consider using an older router with a newer one as mention in the previous section.

Change your wireless channel - Changing your wireless channel might help increase range and performance, especially if you have neighboring networks set on the same channel or interference from other electronics. It’s best to check channel usage with a program like Vistumbler or inSSIDer, but you can simply try other channels as well to see which one is best.

For 2.4GHz routers (the most common), channel 6 is the default for most routers, so stay away from it. Try channel 1 or 11, the other two other non-overlapping channels. For 5GHz wireless N or AC routers, you shouldn’t have much of an interference issue since it’s less commonly used. But you might try changing to another channel as well.

Change default channel width of router - The higher speeds of wireless N and AC can only be achieved by using the 40MHz wide channels. For wireless N (and possibly wireless AC), the default channel-width set on routers is only 20MHz. But you can login to the control panel of the router and in the wireless settings change the channel-width to auto 20/40MHz.

Upgrade your router - If your router isn’t the latest and greatest, consider replacing it. Look for a newer wireless standard, like 802.11n or 802.11ac. Also keep in mind there are varying configurations. The cheaper routers might not employ all the technologies that the higher priced ones do, like MIMO which helps increase range and speed or support the 5GHz frequency band that’s less congested.

As mentioned earlier, consider keeping your old router and connecting it to your new one in order to support the older Wi-Fi devices and using the new one just for newer Wi-Fi devices. This will help increase your wireless performance on your new router.

Upgrade your wireless adapters - Upgrading your router alone to 802.11n or 802.11ac may help increase performance, but to take full advantage of these newer standards you should upgrade the wireless adapters of any computers you want full performance on. Depending upon which slots your computer has you can upgrade your computers with PCI, PCIe, or PC wireless cards or use USB wireless adapters. Other Wi-Fi devices like smartphones and gaming devices might not be upgradable as easy.

Use only one wireless standard - Though the wireless standards (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and soon-to-be 802.11ac) are backward compatible with each other, you should stick with one standard for your router and Wi-Fi devices for best performance. And obviously try to use the latest standard, which supports the highest speeds and best performance.

You can easily upgrade a computer’s wireless adapter, but upgrading other Wi-Fi devices like smartphones and gaming consoles aren’t so easy. If you upgrade your router, consider keeping the old router to support older standards and use the new one just for Wi-Fi devices supporting the latest standards.

For instance if you have a wireless G router, buy a wireless N or AC router to replace it, but then plug the wireless G router into the new router. You can even place them close to each other but make sure they’re set to different channels as far as possible if on the same (2.4GHz or 5GHz) band. Then on the new router, login to the control panel and set it to wireless N or AC only. Therefore Wi-Fi computers and devices with the newer standard will connect to the new router with the best performance possible while others will connect to the older router.

By Eric Geier

Perfect Answer for The Question “Why Should We Hire You?”

2012-03-26T09:45:00.000+05:30

Everyone in life has to goes through some kind of an interview. Various questions are cannoned at the interviewee at the interview place. Sometimes an interview can be your greatest nightmare as you might be apprehended by thought of being put to a question you might not be able to answer. During an interview, an interviewer sometimes can ask some of the weirdest question ever asked in the planet and the answer to such question depends on your knowledge and common sense. But there is a question which is most frequently asked in any job interview you might have gone through or will be going through in your life and that question is “Why should we hire you?”.

This is a question that even if someone knowing the correct answer might falter at the interview table. So, while answering such a question you should remain calm and not in hurry. Since you know this question from beforehand practicing this question is not a bad idea as it will boost confidence. One important thing to remember while answering this question is that you should not as if you reciting it in front of the interviewer. This narrows your chances of cracking the job.

Now the main question arises how we should answer this question. Well the answer prepared varies from person to person. According to his or her knowledge one frames the answer. The following is one type of an answer which could be provided to your interviewer at the interview table.

“You should hire me because me because I am self motivated and team player kind of a person. I try my level best to be to fulfill my responsibilities and bring positivity to the organization and since I have had good past experience I’ll use that in the best possible way to settle in any demanding situation you put me in. In fact I have a quality of being adaptable and have strong working ethics which I follow at the workplace.”

The above is just a small example which gives us an idea that how we should tackle such a question. It is important to mention in your answer your positive personal traits that will be beneficial to the organization. If possible you mention if you have an experience of working in some other place that will make you an asset to the organization and they would always want a candidate like you to be at their side. If you have made any achievement in the past then don’t forget to mention about it. A good communication skill really counts on your side. The interviewers always look for a candidate who really is interested person and your answer should convey that message to him.

A young graduate doesn’t has many thing to tell but it is important to show that you are willing to learn by saying “though I might not count on experience but the knowledge I have gained at the university and the skills that I possess will be very beneficial to the organization. I have the zeal and hunger to learn and adapt from your organization.”

There isn’t any perfect answer to such question because you might not each and every quality which the company desire but you need to play with words in order to make the interviewer cover your weaknesses and your shortcomings under the positives in you through the game of words.

Thanks to: sarkarinaukri.net

Download Windows 8 Consumer Preview

2012-03-14T16:53:00.000+05:30

Windows 8 Consumer Preview Setup will check to see if your PC can run Windows 8 Consumer Preview and select the right download. Setup also features a compatibility report and upgrade assistance. Built-in tools for creating an ISO or bootable flash drive are available for some previous versions of Windows (excluding Windows XP and earlier).

Note before you download: Windows 8 Consumer Preview is prerelease software that may be substantially modified before it’s commercially released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here. Some product features and functionality may require additional hardware or software.

To learn more about how we use your information, please read the Windows 8 Consumer Preview Setup privacy statement. If you would prefer not to useWindows 8 Consumer Preview Setup, you can download Windows 8 Consumer Preview in ISO format instead.

Product key: DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

Download Window 8

Download Window 8 torrent

Remove Syskey in win xp , win 7 or servers

2012-03-09T09:08:00.000+05:30

Tutorial to Setup and Removal of Syskey

The Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, and Microsoft Windows 2003 Security Accounts Management Database (SAM) stores hashed copies of user passwords. This database is encrypted with a locally stored system key. To keep the SAM database secure, Windows requires that the password hashes are encrypted. Windows prevents the use of stored, unencrypted password hashes.

You can use the SysKey utility to additionally secure the SAM database by moving the SAM database encryption key off the Windows-based computer. The SysKey utility can also be used to configure a start-up password that must be entered to decrypt the system key so that Windows can access the SAM database. This article describes how to use the SysKey utility to secure the Windows SAM database

Configure Windows System Key Protection

To Configure Windows System Key Protection, follow these steps:

At a command prompt, type syskey, and then press ENTER.
In the Securing the Windows Account Database dialog box, note that the Encryption Enabledoption is selected and is the only option available. When this option is selected, Windows will always encrypt the SAM database.
Click Update.
Click Password Startup if you want to require a password to start Windows. Use a complex password that contains a combination of upper case and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols. The startup password must be at least 12 characters long and can be up to 128 characters long.

Note If you must remotely restart a computer that requires a password (if you use the Password Startup option), a person must be at the local console during the restart. Use this option only if a trusted security administrator will be available to type the Startup password.
Click System Generated Password if you do not want to require a startup password.

Select either of the following options:

Click Store Startup Key on Floppy Disk to store the system startup password on a floppy disk. This requires that someone insert the floppy disk to start the operating system.
Click Store Startup Key Locally to store the encryption key on the hard disk of the local computer. This is the default option.

Click OK two times to complete the procedure.

Steps to break SYSKEY and User's Password

Download Syskey Remover
You can write this image with any image burning software. We are using our traditional software Nero.
Now go to the system and boot form this CD.

Press Enter on boot options

This window bootable Linux scripts will search your entire hard disk and show all the available partitions on hard disk.

Press Enter

Press 1 and than Enter

Press Enter

Press 1 ( To reset the Password ) and than Enter

Press 2 ( To change the syskey status) and then Enter

Press y and then Enter

Now, your syskey password will get removed

Now we will reset windows administrator password

Press 1 ( Edit user data & password) and then Enter

Type Administrator and then Enter

Press 1 (To clear the password) and then Enter

Press ! sign and enter to come back on pervious menu.

Press Q ( For quit) and then Enter

Press y ( To save the changes made so far ) and then Enter

Press N(For no more changes) and then Enter

Now press ALT + CTRL + DEL to restart the system

What is non-repudiation

2012-02-21T09:26:00.000+05:30

In reference to digital security, nonrepudiation means to ensure that a transferred message has been sent and received by the parties claiming to have sent and received the message. Nonrepudiation is a way to guarantee that the sender of a message cannot later deny having sent the message and that the recipient cannot deny having received the message.

Nonrepudiation can be obtained through the use of:

digital signatures -- function as a unique identifier for an individual, much like a written signature.
confirmation services -- the message transfer agent can create digital receipts to indicated that messages were sent and/or received.
timestamps -- timestamps contain the date and time a document was composed and proves that a document existed at a certain time.

Nonrepudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny something. Typically, nonrepudiation refers to the ability to ensure that a party to a contract or a communication cannot deny the authenticity of their signature on a document or the sending of a message that they originated.

To repudiate means to deny. For many years, authorities have sought to make repudiation impossible in some situations. You might send registered mail, for example, so the recipient cannot deny that a letter was delivered. Similarly, a legal document.

typically requires witnesses to signing so that the person who signs cannot deny having done so.

On the Internet, a digital signature is used not only to ensure that a message or document has been electronically signed by the person that purported to sign the document, but also, since a digital signature can only be created by one person, to ensure that a person cannot later deny that they furnished the signature.

Since no security technology is absolutely fool-proof, some experts warn that a digital signature alone may not always guarantee nonrepudiation. It is suggested that multiple approaches be used, such as capturing unique biometric information and other data about the sender or signer that collectively would be difficult to repudiate.

Email nonrepudiation involves methods such as email tracking that are designed to ensure that the sender cannot deny having sent a message and/or that the recipient cannot deny having received it.

The hacking life cycle

2012-02-15T11:07:00.001+05:30

The hacking life cycle comprises of four distinct phases.

The Reconnaissance,
The Scanning,
Gaining access and
The erasing tracks.

A hacking life cycle completes in four main phases.

The reconnaissance phase involves survey of the target machine.

The scanning is a more conclusive and in-depth survey of network resources of remote computer.

In the third phase the hacker gain access, that is, the intrusion phase.

In the fourth phase the hacker puts some provisions for making future access easier and then clears all his tracks before terminating the connection.

The first phase is reconnaissance. As the name implies, the stage involves gathering information about the target computer. It usually involves network scanning without authorization. This is also called footprinting. This phase helps the attacker to conceptually visualize the network profile of an organization. There are direct and indirect methods of gathering information. The direct method involves gathering information from WHOIS database, obtaining DNS information, understanding the mail servers, range of IPs, the operating system and browser of the host machine etc. In the direct method the hacker is in direct contact with the organization or victim’s computer. In indirect method the hacker avoids direct contact and gathers information indirectly from someone or something that is directly related to the organization. Sometimes hackers use social networking which is a form of passive information gathering. Here information can be obtained from employers, manuals that the companies use, and even from the advertisements and job requirements of the company. Direct information gathering methods need more technical skill than indirect methods. A direct method ascertain the active machines, that is, whether the machine is presently on and connected with internet. With several tools hackers may learn about open ports or, access points and also discover the services on these ports. The main objective of reconnaissance phase is thus, to map the entire network and gather as much information as possible. Some of the tools that are used in this phase are DNS Enumerator, Spiderfoot,Sensepost, Wikito, Sam Spade, NeoTrace, GeoSpider etc. A hacker spends 90% of his time in profiling the network and only 10% in launching the attack.

The second phase is called Scanning. In this phase the attacker explores the vulnerabilities of target machine. Though this is also an information gathering phase, but it is much more in-depth than the reconnaissance phase. Generally, reconnaissance process goes fairly undetected, but in hardened security systems scanning may raise an alarm. So it is a challenging task for the hacker. Scanning is considered as the pre-attack phase of hacking. In the scanning phase the attacker looks for every possible details on specific IP addresses, Operating System running in target machines, System architecture and services running on each of the target organization. Scanning is usually of three types, port scanning, network scanning, and vulnerability scanning. The port scanning techniques involve a series of network data sent to the target machine and then analyzing the response. The analysis of these responses reveals details of the ports and also the services that are using those ports. The process of identifying the active hosts within a specific IP range is called network scanning. Networking scanning is often necessary to evaluate the topology and security aspects of a particular network. In vulnerability scanning the vulnerabilities of target computers are revealed. To be more precise, the vulnerabilities of the services that the target computer is running, are revealed.

Third Phase: The hacker will later plan on exploiting these vulnerabilities to gain further access to the hosts. A few tools that are used in scanning are Angry IP Scanner, HPING, Ping Sweep, Firewalk, Nmap, NetScan Tools Pro, WUPS, SuperScan etc.

In the third phase, the hacker gains access to the target computer. The phase may include password cracking, Escalating privileges, executing applications, deploying spywares, root kits etc. There are many algorithms and methods to crack passwords. Brute force, Wire Sniffing, man-in-the-middle attacks, Dictionary attack, Hybrid attack are a few methods employed to crack passwords. In manual password cracking algorithm ,the hacker first identifies a valid user. Then he creates a list of all possible passwords. In automated password cracking the hacker first finds out the encryption algorithm that has been used. Then he gets the passwords in encrypted form. Then he creates a list of all the possible passwords and then encrypt each password using the same encryption algorithm to find a match. If a hacker gains access with a non-admin user ID, then he will escalate his privilege to get more control over resources. He may change the password to disable further access during the entire phase. After gaining administrative privileges the hacker may try to execute some of his own programs in the victim’s machine remotely. Some keyloggers, backdoors etc can be uploaded to the system. A keylogger can be a hardware or a software type. In either case the objective is to record each and every keystroke made on that computer. A spy software may capture the screenshots and send it to a specified location, that is to the hacker. Until the purpose of the hacker is fulfilled he has to maintain access to the victim’s computer. When all the information of interest has been derived successfully from the target machine, the intruder installs several backdoors so that he can gain easy access in future.

In the final phase, which is probably the most important phase, the attacker has to cover up tracks so that they can’t be identified. This is done by several methods. The first thing that an intruder will probably do is to wipe out the logs in the event viewer. This process clears out every logs except the one saying that the event log has been cleared. This is why these records can’t be reliable if the hacker has gained administrative privilege in the target machine. After gaining access the first task of an intruder is to disable system auditing. Before terminating access to the target machine the hacker will enable the auditing. The tools that are used to clear the tracks are Winzapper, Evidence Eliminator, Tracks Eraser Pro etc.

Repair windows any problem with windows repair tool

2012-02-11T16:41:00.000+05:30

By using this software you can get rid of many window related problems.

Errors resolved by this software:
Registry errors
File permissions
Issues with Internet Explorer,
Windows Update,
Windows Firewall
and more.
Restore settings modified by antiviruses , malwares and other softwares with Windows Repair.

Compatible with

Windows XP, 2003, Vista, 2008 & 7 (32 & 64 Bit).

Download Windows Repair (All In One)

Use Sandboxie to run 3rd party apps to Keep Your System Clean and Secure

2012-01-20T11:56:00.001+05:30

Are you worried about running an application on your machine because you’re not sure how it will affect it? Today we take a look at Sandboxie, which lets you run your browser, email, or other apps in a secure sandbox environment without making changes to your Windows system.

About Sandboxie

Sandboxie creates a virtual environment called a “sandbox” that lets you run applications without affecting your actual computer system. You can install a new application in the sandbox environment to test it out, without having to worry about it making changes to the OS. It allows more security when browsing the web as well…when you open a browser in the sandbox environment, the cookies, site history, cached files, etc are deleted when you clear the sandbox content or shut it down.

Installation is straight forward and easy following the installation wizard. It runs on 32-bit versions of Windows, but unfortunately will not work on 64 bit versions due to mandatory code signing of drivers.

After installing you may get a software compatibility screen to improve compatibility with certain apps.

Now you’re ready to start using Sandboxie.

Using Sandboxie

The first time you use Sandboxie, it’s an opportunity to see what running a browser in Sandboxie is like by going through the getting started tutorial in sandboxed mode.

You can identify an application that is running in Sandboxie by the extra [#] indicators in the title bar.

You can also browse for the program or file you want to run in Sandboxie.

Here we will take a look at how Sandboxie works. In this example, I opened Firefox in Sandboxie and started to download Dropbox.

Notice the installation is happening in the sandboxed environment represented by the [#]indicators.

Anything you do with a sandboxed app will open everything in a sandboxed environment. For example, here I am running DropBox in the sandbox. When clicking on the Forgot Password link, it opens up Firefox (or whatever the default browser is) in sandboxed mode as well.

No changes will be made to your actual system so after a file is downloaded, a screen will pop up asking if you want to recover it to your system (files are saved in the Sandboxie Directory you install it to). After you get used to Sandboxie you can disable this screen from showing.

To recover a file in Sandboxie control go to Sandbox \ DefaultBox \Quick Recovery.

Now you can choose files and folders you want to recover from the sandbox and here you can also add folders.

You can send apps to the sandbox from the context menu.

You can also run them directly in the sandbox which comes in very handy when you’re not sure what an application might do to your system.

Sandboxie is a free application for personal use, but after 30 days you will get a reminder screen wanting you to purchase a license.

There are good reasons to run apps in a sandboxed environment which we touched on earlier. You can use it to make your web browsing sessions safe and to test out programs and other apps before actually installing them on your system. It can also help in avoiding spyware bundled in a program by installing it to the sandbox first. It works on Windows XP, Vista, and ran successfully on Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit for this article, 64-Bit is not supported.

Download Sandboxie

SysTracer: Trace System Changes + Download

2011-12-21T12:17:00.002+05:30

SysTracer v2.4: trace your system changes

SysTracer is a system utility tool that can scan and analyze your computer to find changed (added, modified or deleted) data into registry and files.

SysTracer can scan your system and record information about:

changed files and folders
modified registry entries
system services
system drivers
applications that are configured to run at computer startup
running processes
loaded dlls

Each scan operation performed with SysTracer generates a binary image file representing a snapshot of your system.

Recording the snapshot usually takes a few minutes depending on your system complexity. You can choose to scan only specific parts from folders or registry, in order to speed up the recording process.

By comparing snapshots from before and after a new program installation or execution, you can determine which files or registry entries were added, changed, or deleted.

You can create as many snapshots as you may want or need, and you can compare anytime any pair of them, having the possibility to export differences to HTML list.

SysTracer Pro

SysTracer Pro is an enhanced version of SysTracer. SysTracer Pro have advanced functionality like exporting and importing snapshots, useful in order to compare snapshots taken on different computers.

With SysTracer Pro you can search for files, folders and registry information into recorded snapshots.

SysTracer Pro have command line support, for automating recording snapshots and exporting snapshots differences.

Visit SysTracer features section for a detailed comparison matrix between SysTracer and SysTracer Pro.

Remote scanning - track changes from network computers

SysTracer have support for remote scanning, providing you an easy way to take snapshots of your network computers.

In order to allow scanning, each computer from your network will have a SysTracer executable installed as windows service.

The management of the entire process is done from a single computer (server) with a SysTracer instance running in normal desktop mode. From this server you will be able to control each SysTracer client by selecting scan targets, sending scan commands and receiving resulted snapshots.

Portable version

SysTracer can be used with or without installation.

Using the portable version - without installation - you can take snapshots of your system without making any changes to the current files or Windows registry.

The application can be used directly from the HDD or from an USB flash drive.

System Requirements

Windows XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, Windows 7, XP 64-bit, Vista 64-bit, Windows 7 64-bit
Internet Explorer 6.0 or later

WORKING

One example is I used SysTracer to check where is the password being saved to when I enable password protection in avast! to prevent unauthorized changes. Through a simple analysis and a few trial and error, I easily found out that avast! saves the encrypted password to aswResp.dat file. So to reset the password, all I need to do is delete that file and it resets the password. Here is a short walk-through with screenshots on how to use SysTracer.

1. Run SysTracer and click the Take snapshot button located at right hand side of Snapshots tab.

2. Full scan is the best option but takes longer as it will scan all drives and registry. If you only want to scan the system drive, select Only selected items and check the items that you want to include in scanning. Click the Start button and don’t do anything on the computer.

3. When the snapshot has been taken, you will be notified via a small window telling you how long it took to create the snapshot, the amount of registry keys, registry values, folders, files, applications and DLLs.

4. Click the OK button and you will be brought back to the SysTracer Snapshots tab with the information of the snapshot that you’ve just taken.

5. Now you can start making changes on the software that you want to track the changes.

6. Create another new snapshot by going through step 1-4 again. When you see another snapshot listed in the Snapshot tab, click the Compare button and you will be forwarded to the Registry tab. Select Only differences and it will show you what data that has been changed. You can also view the Files tab which show the changed files.

[ Download SysTracer ]

Thanks to Raymond

Avast Internet Security + Antivirus 6.0.1289 + Keys - Multi Lang

2011-12-20T16:42:00.000+05:30

Avast Internet Security + Antivirus 6.0.1289 + Keys - Multi Lang

Download Torrent

Avast! is a package of applications that aim to protect your computer from a possible virus infection or other malware threat. If you use it correctly, and in combination with other programs such as data backup utilities, it will significantly reduce the risk of your computer being attacked or infected by a virus, and thus the risk of losing important or private data.

The Avast! Internet Security application comes with an antispam filter and built-in firewall. Once installed, avast! runs silently in the background to protect your computer against all known forms of malware. You don’t need to do anything else – just install and forget!

Active internet users need greater protection for themselves as they shop and bank on-line. To secure against threats from infected web sites and the growing risk of identity theft, avast Internet security provides you with continuous protection from its layers of antivirus, anti-spyware, anti-rootkit protection, firewall and antispam.

Here are some key features of “Avast! Internet Security”:

• High performance antivirus engine

• Anti-rootkit protection

• Anti-spyware protection

• Script shield

• Process virtualization

• Command line scanner

• Anti-spam filter

• Built-in firewall

Here are some key features of “Avast! Pro Antivirus”:

• Core and detection

• Antivirus and anti-spyware engine

• State of the art scanning engine provides reliable protection against viruses, spyware and other forms of malicious software.

• Real time anti-rootkit protection

• Unique “on access” technology checks all kernel-mode drivers that the operating system is loading for signs of rootkit behavior. This enables even unknown rootkits to be detected and stopped before they can do any damage.

• avast! Sandbox

• Enables potentially exploitable programs (such as web browsers) and/or suspicious executables to be run in a safe, virtual environment. The avast! Sandbox is unique as it runs on both 32 and 64bit platforms.

What’s New in This Release:

• New Script Shield – now scanning deeper and supporting more host processes

• Web Shield now scanning all processes by default

• Stability improvements in aswSP.sys

• Better tracking of file sources

• WebRep now working in new versions of Firefox

• Under-the-hood improvements in the Behavior Shield and Sandbox modules

• Solved a compatibility problem with certain Steam-based games

• Minor improvements in the product UI

• Various other security and stability related fixes

System Requirements:

• Processor Pentium 3,

• 128 MB RAM,

• 100 MB of free hard disk space

In this package you will find the following:

1.Avast Antivirus Free

2.Avast Antivirus Pro

3.Avast Antivirus Internet Security

Run the one you would like to...

After installation, exit the Application (s)

Extract the Crack and Keys archive

Chose your desired product..

Crack it and apply load key...

Recover and copy files from scratched or damaged media

2011-11-19T15:45:00.001+05:30

This software is used to to copy files from damaged CD.

1. Choose source drive
2. Selecting destination drive and folder
3. Copy files automatically.

[ Download Dead Disk Doctor v1.23 ]

How To Copy Text from Windows Error Message and Command Prompt

2011-11-19T15:39:00.001+05:30

This post is all about how to copy text from windows error message . Some time you want to copy error text and want to search in google , this method u can use to copy error text.

Use copy's shorcut key CTRL+C. Whenever u get any error message , press CTRL+C simultaneously. Then open up a no

Laptop tips and tricks for their safety

2011-11-09T11:34:00.002+05:30

Thermal dissipation - Laptop cooling
Never use your laptop directly on a surface that prevents proper air flow, such as inside the laptop case, on a blanket or pillow. Periodically check that vents are not obstructed. Use a mobile cooling pad if necessary.

Battery charge - Laptop autonomy
Discharge completely your battery at least once per month.

Security - Laptop tracking
Use the Cyber Angel security solution to track your laptop in case it is stolen.

Malwares (Viruses , worms , Trojans etc)It is not enough to have an antivirus program installed. Also you need to install anti malwares , registry cleaners. They need to be kept up-to-date, and we recommend to update them at least once per week. ( Microsoft security essential , Anti Malware bytes and ccleaner recommended )

Windows Updates
Make sure that your computer downloads Window Updates periodically and frequently. This will enhance stability and security of your operating system.

Carrying
Always use an appropriate carrying bag when traveling, to enhance shock absorption. Whenever you need to ship your laptop through a carrier (SUPS, FedEx, UPS, etc...), always use packaging specifically designed for laptops transit.

Shocks
Because of they are designed to maximize mobility, laptops are prone to shocks. Always turn your laptop OFF before you move your notebook from a place to another, unless it is well stabilized on a stand that is designed to absorb shocks.

HumidityLaptops are very sensitive to humidity. Avoid liquid exposure as much as you can (water, wine, etc...).

Dust
Laptops are very sensitive to dust. Make sure the laptop is never left on a floor, but that it is always high on a table, desk, stand, etc... Check vents frequently to see if they are not obstructed.

Preventing Laptop Computer Theft

Laptop computers are easy targets for thieves. Laptop computers are small, valuable, can be removed quickly, and are easily hidden. Laptop computers can be worth up to 50000rs or more. The laptop computer can be pawned at a pawnshop for half its value.

Here are a few tips to reduce the risk of having your laptop stolen.

Don’t leave your laptop out in the open even for a second.
Remember extreme temperatures can cause damage to your laptop.
Transport your laptop in a nondescript case.
Write down the serial number and keep it in a safe place.
Always back up your information on disks and store them in a safe place.

View all installed/connected USB devices on your system

2011-11-03T14:06:00.001+05:30

Find Download link at bottom

Description

USBDeview is a small utility that lists all USB devices that currently connected to your computer, as well as all USB devices that you previously used.
For each USB device, extended information is displayed: Device name/description, device type, serial number (for mass storage devices), the date/time that device was added, VendorID, ProductID, and more...
USBDeview also allows you to uninstall USB devices that you previously used, disconnect USB devices that are currently connected to your computer, as well as to disable and enable USB devices.
You can also use USBDeview on a remote computer, as long as you login to that computer with admin user.

System Requirement And Limitations

This utility works on Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and Windows 7. Windows 98/ME is not supported.
In order to disable/enable/uninstall USB items under Windows Vista/7/2008 with UAC turned on, you should right click on USBDeview and choose 'Run As Administrator'. In order to disable/enable USB items on x64 systems, you also must use the x64 version of USBDeview.
Be aware that USBDeview is still not fully compatible with USB 3.0

Using USBDeview

USBDeview doesn't require any installation process or additional DLL files. Just copy the executable file (USBDeview.exe) to any folder you like, and run it.
The main window of USBDeview displays all USB devices installed on your system. You can select one or more items, and then disconnect (unplug) them , uninstall them, or just save the information into text/xml/html file.

USBDeview Columns Description

Device Name: Specifies the device name. For some device, this column may display meaningless name, like "USB Device". If the device name is meaningless, try to look at the Description column.
Device Description: The description of the device.
Device Type: The device type, according to USB class code. For more information about USB classes: USB Class Codes.
Connected: Specifies whether the device is currently connected to your computer. If the device is connected, you can use the 'Disconnect Selected Devices' option (F9) to disconnect the device.
Safe To Unplug: Specifies whether it's safe to unplug the device from the USB plug without disconnecting it first. If the value of this column is false, and you want to unplug this device, you must first disconnect this device by using the 'Disconnect Selected Devices' option (F9) of USBDeview utility, or by using the 'Unplug or Eject Hardware' utility of Windows operating system.
Drive Letter: Specifies the drive letter of the USB device. This column is only relevant to USB flash memory devices and to USB CD/DVD drives. Be aware that USBDeview cannot detect drive letters of USB hard-disks.
Serial Number: Specifies the serial number of the device. This column is only relevant to mass storage devices (flash memory devices, CD/DVD drives, and USB hard-disks).
Created Date: Specifies the date/time that the device was installed. In most cases, this date/time value represents the time that you first plugged the device to the USB port. However, be aware that in some circumstances this value may be wrong.
Last Plug/Unplug Date: Specifies the last time that you plugged/unplugged the device. This date value is lost when you restart the computer.
VendorID/ProductID: Specifies the VendorID and ProductID of the device. For unofficial list of VendorID/ProductID, click here.
USB Class/Subclass/Protocol: Specifies the Class/Subclass/Protocol of the device according to USB specifications. For more information about USB classes: USB Class Codes.
Hub/Port: Specifies the hub number and port number that the device was plugged into. This value is empty for mass storage devices.

Notice: According to user reports, On some systems the 'Last Plug/Unplug Date' and the 'Created Date' values are initialized after reboot. This means that these columns may display the reboot time instead of the correct date/time.

Download link for x32 systems OR Download USBDeview for x64 systems

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Collection Of Top Proxy Sites For Anonymous Surfing « TECHNOLOGY ENLIGHTENED

2011-10-20T14:11:00.002+05:30

Using proxy list Belowyou’ll be able to select the very best and most trustedproxy sites on the net. Hiding your IP address has never been easier .

How does anonymous surfing work?

Anonymous internet navigation works by placing a proxy between the user and the site you’re trying to visit. Your web browser addresses the anonymous proxy server, and the anonymous proxy server discusses directly with the website you’re visiting. The website doesn’t know who you are, we don’t know who you are keeping you 100% hidden.

Using our proxy list you’ll be able to select the very best and most trustred proxy sites on the net. Hiding your IP address has never been easier and filtering through your works firewalls and filters will be like taking candy from a baby.

How do proxy servers protect my identity ?

Whenever you surf the web without using a proxy server, your IP address can be recorded by the website’s you visit. By using proxy servers, the visited website’s can only record the proxy server’s IP address and not yours thereby protecting you and keeping you hidden.

Do I need special software to use a proxy server ?

No, you won’t need any special software to start using a web proxy. Simply open the proxy site up in your browser, enter the URL for the site you wish to visit and press “Go”.

The best part about using web proxies is that you’ll never have to sign up or disclose any of your private details to use them.

How to Secure Your Wireless Network with WPA

2011-10-20T13:49:00.002+05:30

Almost all of us have jumped onto someone else's unsecured Wi-Fi network. There's little harm in that if you're just an honest soul looking for an Internet connection.

But if you're the owner of an unsecured network, you should be aware that the world's not made up entirely of honest souls--and it's not hard for the dishonest ones to see exactly what you're doing on your network. Sound scary? Here's how to fix the problem.

Q. What are WEP and WPA encryption, and which should I use?

A. The first line of defense for your Wi-Fi network is encryption, which encodes the data transmitted between your PC and your wireless router. Unfortunately, most routers ship with encryption turned off, and many users don't turn it on, leaving themselves completely exposed. If you haven't already, enable your router's encryption, and use the strongest form supported by your network. The Wireless Protected Access (WPA) protocol and more recent WPA2 have supplanted the older and less-secure Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP).

Go with WPA or WPA2 if at all possible, since WEP is relatively easy to crack. (You have to use the same form on all devices on your network; you can't mix WEP and WPA.) The keys used by WPA and WPA2 change dynamically, which make them nearly impossible to hack. Use a strong password for your encryption key, such as a combination of letters and numbers of 14 characters or more.

If you have an older router that supports WEP only, you'll be safest if you use 128-bit WEP keys--but also check the manufacturer's Web site for a firmware update that will add WPA support. If it doesn't look like an update is likely, consider replacing old adapters and routers with newer models that support WPA. Look for a router that supports the hybrid WPA + WPA2 mode, which lets you use the stronger WPA2 encryption with adapters that support it, while still maintaining compatibility with WPA adapters.

Make sure you change the default network name and password on your router. Doing so will make it much more difficult for hackers to break into your router and commandeer its settings.

PRACTICAL

How to set up WPA on a Linksys WRT54G Router

The Linksys routers use a web browser as an interface, so it’s pretty easy to work with.
* First, navigate your browser to 192.168.1.1 (type this where you would normally enter a url like www.google.com
* Enter your password (there is no user name)
* I’m running Firmware v4.30.5, so your screen might look slightly different, but look for the wireless tab on the dashboard:

* After you’ve clicked on the Wireless tab, look for the Wireless Security sub-tab. This might be confusing because you have to resist the temptation to click on the Security tab above that!

* On the Wireless Security page:

set the Security Mode to WPA Personal

Set the WPA Algorithms to TKIP

Enter a COMPLEX password for WPA Shared Key. A complex password is at least 8 characters, is not a normal word that could ever be looked up in a dictionary, should contain letters, numbers, lower and upper case characters. Including non-alpha numeric characters will improve the security of your password. Make sure you make a note of this password! Note that for the screenshot below I didn’t show my Password, but when you type it in, it will be visible so keep that in mind if there are people around!

leave the Group Key Renewal at 3600 seconds

Click on Save Settings

You are now secure. Keep one more thing in mind. Occasionally it’s necessary to reboot a router when things just stop working, by unplugging or pushing in the reset button on the back when things get hinky. Make SURE you go back in to this control panel and make sure your router password AND your WPA password are restored. They WILL be erased if the router is reset!

The story behind Facebook

2011-10-20T13:39:00.001+05:30

Mark Zuckerberg

In late 2003, Harvard sophomore Mark Zuckerberg asked a Harvard student named Eduardo Saverin, a junior, to deposit $15,000 in a bank account that would be accessible to both of them. The money, Mark promised, would go toward the servers needed to host a site that Mark wanted to develop. The site would be called TheFacebook.com. Eduardo agreed.

Why did Mark choose Eduardo to be his first business partner?

Mark, Facebook, and Eduardo declined interview requests for this story, but we can infer some of Mark's thinking from previously unpublished instant messages he wrote during the time.

In one IM to a friend, Mark described his new partner, Eduardo, as the "head of the investment society." Eduardo was rich, Mark went on to say, because "apparently insider trading isn't illegal in Brazil."

Mark also partnered with Eduardo because Eduardo gave the impression he knew something about business. Eduardo was the kind of guy who wore suits to class at Harvard, and he left people--including Mark--with the impression that he was connected to the Brazilian mafia.

In another IM conversation, this one from January 8, 2004, Mark described the arrangement this way:

Zuckerberg: Eduardo is paying for my servers.

Friend: A sucker born every day.

Zuckerberg: Nah, he thinks it will make money.

Friend: What do you think?

Zuckerberg: Well I don't know business stuff

Zuckerberg: I'm content to make something cool.

So Mark appears to have approached Eduardo because Eduardo had money and a vision for how to make more of it. Mark, meanwhile, wanted to "make something cool."

With Eduardo's money paying for the servers, TheFacebook.com went live in February 2004. It was an instant sensation at Harvard. Students from other schools quickly clamored for the site's expansion, and Mark and his colleagues obliged.

By April, the site was doing so well that Mark, Eduardo, and a third Harvard sophomore named Dustin Muskovitz formed The Facebook as a limited-liability company (LLC) under Florida law. Two months later, on June 10, 2004, a Harvard commencement speaker mentioned the amazing popularity of thefacebook.com.

It was the high point in the relationship between the cofounders. Things quickly went south from there.

Six months after thefacebook.com launched, as the summer of 2004 began, Mark Zuckerberg and Dustin Moskovitz moved to Palo Alto, California where they planned to work on TheFacebook.com in a rented house. Eduardo Saverin went to New York for an internship at Lehman Brothers.

According to instant messages from this period, before Mark left for the West Coast, he asked Eduardo to work on three things: "to set up the company, get funding, and make a business model."

Almost immediately after the move, the relationship between cofounders began to fray.

At first, it was just a cultural divide. One awkward IM exchange reveals how different Mark's life in Palo Alto was compared to Eduardo's life back on the East Coast:

Saverin: So you guys go out a lot to partiens [sic] and such there?

Zuckerberg: But in general we don't do fun things.

Zuckerberg: But that's OK because the business is fun.

Saverin: Lol yeah it is fun. No fun things though?

Zuckerberg: Eh, enough.

But then Eduardo did something that really pissed Mark off: He ran unauthorized ads on Facebook.

Worse, the ads were for a startup Eduardo was running entirely on his own, a job boards site called Joboozle.

Mark flamed Eduardo for this in an email:

You developed Joboozle knowing that at some point Facebook would probably want to do something with jobs. This was pretty surprising to us, because you basically made something on the side that will end up competing with Facebook and that's pretty bad by itself. But putting ads up on Facebook to advertise it, especially for free, is just mean.

What finally sent the relationship between Eduardo and Mark down the tubes was Facebook's need for funding.

As that first summer went on and TheFacebook.com grew more popular than anyone imagined, the company needed money to keep running. Finding investors wasn't hard. As early as July, Silicon Valley bigwigs like Mark Pincus, Reid Hoffman, and Peter Thiel were lining up to give Mark cash. Things were going so well, in fact, that Mark soon decided to commit to the company and not return to Harvard for his junior year.

What was hard, however, was getting Facebook co-founder Eduardo Saverin's attention, getting him to make a decision, and getting him to sign off on the reformation of Facebook as a company under Delaware law – a crucial step before any funding deals could be completed.

At one point, Mark emailed Eduardo to offer him frequent flyer miles if it would get him out to Palo Alto. Eduardo didn't take the offer. The situation soon became critical, because without financing, TheFacebook.com would end up running on Zuckerberg family loans.

Eventually, Mark decided to solve the problem by cutting Eduardo out of the company.

In an IM with Dustin Moskovitz, Mark explained why:

I maintain that he fucked himself…He was supposed to set up the company, get funding, and make a business model. He failed at all three…Now that I'm not going back to Harvard I don't need to worry about getting beaten by Brazilian thugs

When Mark Zuckerberg and Dustin Moskovitz moved out to Palo Alto in June 2004, they ran into Sean Parker, an Internet startup kid best known for cofounding Napster. Sean soon joined TheFacebook.com.

Sean's first task was to do one of things Eduardo was supposed to do, but hadn't yet: help Facebook find money. Sean had raised money for Napster and he knew his way around Silicon Valley. He quickly proved himself capable. For Mark, this only reinforced the idea that Eduardo was expendable.

The only problem was: How would Mark cut Facebook's third-biggest stakeholder and co-founder out of the company?

In an IM exchange with Sean after a meeting with Peter Thiel, who would soon become Facebook's first outside investor, Mark and Sean discussed the Eduardo problem. Mark hinted at a hardball solution, one based on some "dirty tricks" used by Peter Thiel. Thiel had learned these tricks, Sean said, from one of the most legendary venture capitalists in the Valley, Michael Moritz of Sequoia. Sequoia has funded Google, Yahoo, PayPal, Zappos, and many other massive tech companies.

Parker: Peter [Thiel] tried some dirty tricks. All that shit he does is like classic Moritz shit.

Zuckerberg: Haha really?

Parker: Only Moritz does it way better.

Zuckerberg: That's weak.

Parker: I bet he learned that from Mike.

Zuckerberg: Well, now I learned it from him and I'll do it to Eduardo.

In later emails and IMs, we learn what "dirty tricks" Mark intended to pull to get TheFacebook.com funding without having to wait for sign-off from Eduardo.

His plan: Reduce Eduardo's stake in TheFacebook.com by creating a new company, a Delaware corporation, to acquire the old company (the Florida LLC formed in April), and then distribute new shares in the new company to everybody but Eduardo. Mark discussed this plan with confidants over IM several times.

Here's one instance:

Confidant: How are you going to get around Eduardo?

Zuckerberg: I'm going to buy the LLC

Zuckerberg: And then give him less shares in the company that bought it

Confidant: I'm not sure it's worth a potential lawsuit just to redistribute shares. You have nothing to gain.

Zuckerberg: No I do because until I do this I need to run everything by Eduardo. After this I have control

In another, Mark writes:

"Eduardo is refusing to co-operate at all…We basically now need to sign over our intellectual property to a new company and just take the lawsuit…I'm just going to cut him out and then settle with him. And he'll get something I'm sure, but he deserves something…He has to sign stuff for investments and he's lagging and I can't take the lag."

In the middle of that summer, Mark went forward with his plan:

On July 29, 2004, the new company, TheFacebook.com was incorporated in Delaware. Then it acquired the old company, formed back in April as an LLC in Florida.

On September 27, 2004, Peter Thiel formally acquired 9% of the new company with a convertible note worth $500,000. Before the transaction, Facebook ownership was divided between Zuckerberg, with 65%, Saverin, with 30%, and Moskovitz, with 5%. After the transaction, the new company was divided between Zuckerberg, with 40%, Saverin, with 24%, Moskovitz, with 16%, and Thiel with 9%. The rest, about 20%, went to an options pool for future employees. From there, a good chunk of equity went to Eduardo's replacement, TheFacebook.com's new COO, Sean Parker.

On October 31, 2004, Eduardo signed a shareholder agreement that alloted him 3 million shares of common stock in the new company. In the agreement, he handed over all relevant intellectual property and turned over his voting rights to Mark Zuckerberg. Mark became Facebook's sole director.

On January 7, 2005, Mark caused Facebook to issue 9 million shares of common stock in the new company. He took 3.3. million shares for himself and gave 2 million to Sean Parker and 2 million to Dustin Moskovitz. This share issuance instantly diluted Eduardo's stake in the company from ~24% to below 10%.

Mark's plan had succeeded. Eduardo was, for all intents and purposes, gone

In a testament to how little Eduardo was involved in Facebook's operations after Mark left Harvard, Eduardo apparently only found out how badly he'd been diluted in April 2005, when TheFacebook.com sent him a letter seeking approval for its second formal round of funding.

Fifteen days after that letter was sent from TheFacebook.com's HQ, one came back from Eduardo's lawyers. The next day, Mark finally fired Eduardo.

Had Mark misled Eduardo, screwing out of the majority of his stake in the company without telling Eduardo that that was what he was planning to do? Or had Eduardo just not been paying attention when he signed his rights away?

The answers aren't clear, but the lawsuits predictably followed.

First, Facebook filed a lawsuit against Saverin, arguing that the stock-purchase agreements he had signed in October were valid. Then Saverin sued Zuckerberg, alleging he spent Facebook's money (his money) on personal expenses over the summer.

The jilted Eduardo grew bitter. At one point, he reached out to Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divvya Narendra – the Harvard students who allege that Mark Zuckerberg stole their idea for the company in the first place.

Eventually, sources say, Eduardo decided to attack Mark's reputation.

He approached Ben Mezrich – the author of Bringing Down The House, a book about how a group of MIT students made it big in Vegas – and offered him a book about how a group of Harvard students made it big in Silicon Valley. Bringing Down The House makes its characters out to be rock stars and scoundrels; the Facebook book, Accidental Billionaires, does the same. The upcoming movie based on the book features cocaine, models, and dark, moody, lighting from the director who brought you Fight Club. It's a character assasination.

After Eduardo began talking to Mezrich, he and Facebook settled their lawsuits. Facebook went from officially denying Eduardo's status as a cofounder to listing him as one on its Web site. As a part of the settlement, Eduardo stopped talking to the press.

Like the Winklevoss brothers, Eduardo Saverin clearly felt he got screwed by Mark Zuckerberg in Facebook's early days, and in one way, he did. (Whether this move was justified based on Eduardo's behavior, however, is another question).

But also like the Winklevosses, Eduardo won huge in the end. Thanks to Mark and the rest of the Facebook team, Eduardo's little $15,000 investment is now worth more than $1 billion, with no further effort from himself.

It was certainly one of the best investments of all time.