Onaulogho John Paul

How to print recharge cards in nigeria (MTN,GLO,ZAIN,STARCOM,ETISLAT Etc

2010-10-04T08:41:00.000-07:00

You can also get the free software from http://www.ngrgsm.com (the website is down for now) .Go to the downloads page and download the software and its USER GUIDE free of charge. Follow the instructions in the guide as you guide yourself to printing money. To be using this software, you need to be buying your PINS from this company that owns this software. Check out the websites for the current prices of PINS of all networks.

After downloading and installing the software, you will get a USER GUIDE with it which will guide you through the printing process.

In the USER guide containing PICTURES, you will also learn :

** How you can make your business name and address appear on
each recharge voucher you print.

** How you can reprint a faded, skipped or any lost voucher during
or after printing…..and MANY MORE.

Remember, not all the dealers offer this kind of software FREE.

With this DEALER, You can get your PIN from any part of Nigeria through E-mail. You can order for any amount of PIN you want with 100 PINS of any network been the MINIMUM.

You can try any username and password for the software and see if it will log you in just to have a feel of the software.

PLEASE, if printing cost will be too much for you, its better you buy ALREADY PRINTED VOUCHERS from the dealers and be making your money, selling in wholesale to business centers around you.

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COMPLETE LIST OF CURRENT DEALERS FROM WHICH YOU CAN OBTAIN RECHARGE PINS

NOTE: Prices quoted in this document can change any time due to market forces, so always make sure you make enquiries from the dealers about their current prices before going ahead to make payments. It is also important you call the dealers to confirm if they have on ground what you intend to buy before going ahead to make payment into their account.

PLEASE, VISIT THE DEALERS OFFICE BEFORE SENDING MONEY TO THEIR ACCOUNT. DON'T SEND MONEY TO SOMEONE YOU HAVE NOT SEEN BECAUSE SOME OF THESE DEALERS MIGHT STOP BUSINESS ANYTIME.

Feel free to contact the dealers and make enquiries about how to do business with them, how to send payments, how you will receive your pins amongst other questions you might like to ask.

Payments for PINS (vouchers are sold as PINS to the sub-dealers who need to print them) should be made to the company’s account number and accompanied by a text message to alert the company about your payment details.

Bulk order is very important in this business the minimum order placement you can make is 100 units of any voucher denomination you want. Dealers sell PINS in 100s. You can’t pay and request to be sent MTN 100 (99 PINS).. Bit-by-bit orders are not allowed but you can sell in bits to your customers.

Here are the names and addressed of some of the principal dealers and their price list.

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Haran Resources Limited ( http://www.bizruns.biz/ )

This company sells their software for N7500 and reliable for now. There website is very active and you can get alot from the site. Their software works with any dealer.

PLot 1439 Sanusi Fafunwa Street,
Victoria Island, Lagos
Nigeria
Email: biz@bizruns.biz
Yahoo chat id: bizruns@yahoo.com
Telephone Numbers: 08032030458, 07059086433

BELOW, IS THE LIST OF THEIR DEALERS ...YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO FIND A DEALER CLOSE TO YOU..

Abia

Partners / Outlets - Address

Anedo - 1 Orlu Road Umuahia
Chief J.O.Akwuobi & Sons - 2 Awka Road, Umuahia
Caflaco - Orlu
Flat Rate Communications - 11 Ndiakwaeke Street Okigwe
Jambicom Global Services Limited - 46 Asa Road, Aba
Jons Ndy Communications Limited - 132 Cameroon Road, Aba
Violet Ventures - 166 Ariaria International Market, Aba
Zeph Associates Nig. Ltd - 53 Azikiwe Road, Aba
Ujachic - 175 Jubilee Road, Aba

Abuja

Partners / Outlets - Address

Paulo Ventures - 88, Aminu Kano Crescent, Wuse 2
Alennsar Infinity - Suite F1, Emab Plaza, Wuse 2
Don P Communications - 42, Adetokunbo Ademola, Wuse 2
Glovic Communications - Suite 12, Yasuha Plaza, Wuse 2

Akwa Ibom

Partners / Outlets - Address

Obotime Nig. Ltd - 7 Nyong Essien street, Uyo
Haymill Investment Limited - 64 Ewet Housing Estate Uyo
Henoutex Int'l Nigeria Limited - 1 Wellington Bassey Way, Uyo
IB-Benest Investment Limited - 44 Abak Road Uyo
Idem Ultimate Ltd - 36 Abak Road, Uyo
Kaniex Integrated Services - 34 Gibbs Road Uyo
Multi-Drop Investments Limited - K line Unit 44 Ewet Housing Estate Uyo
Talkcenta - 60 Gibbs Street, Uyo
Zigma Consult Ltd - 44 Nwaniba Road, Uyo
MGW 42 Eket - Oron Road, Eket
Nihaq Investment Limited - 21 Afaha Uqua Road Eket

Anambra

Partners / Outlets - Address

Deruka International Nig. Ltd - 40b Modebe Avenue, Onitsha
Gevok Concerns Ltd - 90 Venn Road South, Onitsha
Liverpool Services Ltd - 94 Awka Road, Onitsha
I&I GSM Connect Shop -171/17 GSM Plaza Ochanja Central Market, Onitsha
Transtell Communications Nig. Ltd - 58 Old Market Road, Onitsha
Vicyntel Enterprises Nig. Ltd -20B Ifejika Street, Onitsha
Remglory Ventures Nigeria Limited - Block A210, Nimek Plaza, 3 New Market Road, Onitsha
Sylva Pat - 49 Maduka Street Aroma, Awka

Cross River

Partners / Outlets - Address

Cuwan Nigeria Limited - 28 Ndidem Usang Iso Road, Calabar
Emeka Harold - 15 White House Street, Calabar
Macson Services Limited - 89 Ndidem Usong Isang Road Calabar
Tijokrist Nigeria Limited - 85 Mayne Avenue by Ekpo Abasi Jnx Calabar
76 Marian Road (Ndidem Usang Iso)

Delta

Partners / Outlets - Address

Ace Communications Limited - 341 Nnebisi Road Asaba
Xousene Technologies - 15 Aka Road Uyo, 218 Nnebisi Rd Asaba
Austin Willy - 111 Dennis Osadedey Road, Asaba
Baba Ande - Konwea Plaza, Nebisi Road, Asaba
Don Derby -1 Agric Road, Asaba
Easy-Does-It -21 Dennis Osadebey Way Asaba

Enugu

Partners / Outlets - Address

Today's Services Ltd - 1 Presidential Road Asata Enugu
Pegco Services - 21Railway Line Ogbete Enugu
Fine Brothers Investment Limited - Warehouse No. 16 Railway Line Ogbete Enugu

Imo

Partners / Outlets - Address

Dr. D.U. Okafor Communications Owerri
Eze-Ozi Communications Ltd. Mbaise
Patson D Owerri

Kano

Partners / Outlets - Address

Zin Investment - 1a Civic Center
Aliam Nigeria Ltd - 66, Ijebu/ibo Road, Sabongari
Sharubutu & Sons - 16/17, Bello Road
Al Mifta Telecoms -61, Saudat House, Zoo Road

Lagos

Partners / Outlets - Address

Badox Ventures Ltd - 3, Adejare Street, Iyana Ipaja
Basko Ventures - Suite 304, Ikeja Shopping Complex, Ikeja
Cantstop Nig Ltd - 51, Adeniran Ogunsanya Street, Surulere, Lagos.
Cyberspace - Ajose Adeogun
Daynat Nig Ltd - 29 Akin Adesola Street,Victoria Island
Easicell Nig. Ltd - Plot 12 Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1
Easy and Quiet Nig Ltd - 1 Bishop Crowther Cresc. Surulere
Ephybrand Nig Ltd - 24 Akowonjo Rd, Egbeda
Flexmore - Plot 1408 Adetokunbo Ademola Cresc. V/Island
Great Bakis Ventures - 13, Isheri Road, Ogba
Jokie-Global Ltd - 2, Fadeyi Street,off Awolowo Way, Ikeja
Kenneth & George Ltd - 1o1 Allen Avenue,Ikeja
Iynq Communications Ltd - 49, Bode Thomas Street, Surulere, Lagos
Multiplier Merchant - 46, Queen's Street, Alagomeji, Yaba
Office Devices Ltd - 68 Adeniyi Jones Avenue,Ikeja
Planetlinks Comms Ltd - 16b, Idimu Road, Egbeda
Izzito Communications - 110b Obafemi Awolowo Way, Ikeja
Quantum Markets Ltd Shop - 12 Mega Plaza Idowu Martins Street, V.I Lagos
Real Time Communication Ltd - 31b Saka Tinubu Street, V/Island
Royalserve Wireless Ltd - 31 Keffi Street, Ikoyi
Seaman Ventures - 38 Toyin Street, Ikeja
Servisys Nig Ltd - 28,Mojidi Street, off Toyin Street, ikeja
Stanqueen Ltd - 48 Olowu Street, Ikeja
Talent (W.A.) Ltd - 67/70 Akowonjo Road,Egbeda
Tig Comms. Ltd - 8,Oweh Street,Fadeyi Lagos
Trustlink Comcast Wireless - 7 Addo Road, Ajah, Lagos

Rivers

Partners / Outlets Address

Penzance Nig. Ltd - 76 Hospital Road Bonny
Sarah Integrated Global Services - 9 Ogbunabali Road Port Harcourt
Ogamco - 290 Aba Road, Port Harcourt
Chagyah Resources Limited - 10 Aba Road, Portharcourt
Conjin Communications - 290 Aba Road Port Harcourt
Erajoe Nig. Ltd - 42 Elelenwo Rd, By Oil Mill, Port Harcourt
ICICI Communications Services -226 Okporo Road, Port Harcourt, 32 New Road Bonny
Southern Sky Solution Ltd - 1 Ada George Road by Iwofe Junction, Port Harcourt
Mitchellani Co Nigeria Limited - Opp. Old Diamond Bank, Zone 2, Finima, Bonny Island
Emmastan Universal Company - 16 New Road by Union Bank, Bonny Island
Mastas Technologies - 64 Location Road, Obigbo Rivers State

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. RINGO TELECOMS

Ringo’s Office is situated at Tantalizer building, 117 Allen Avenue, Ikeja, Lagos.

Tel: 08032030771, 08060079090, 08054505959

RINGO TELECOMS PRICE LISTS

MTN 100 94

ZAIN 50 46

ZAIN 100 93

ZAIN 200 186

ZAIN 500 466

GLO 100 92

GLO 150 138

For Ringo, the software and installation price is N10,000. Ringo software seems to work with a lot of other dealers PINs too. It is the most popular currently.

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PREPAID NIGERIA (Owner of the Free Software)

Prepaid Nigeria is at 2nd Floor, Bamboo Plaza Annex, 6-8, New Isheri Road, Omole, Ikeja, Lagos. Tel.

01-7914279 or 08032036770.

www.Prepaidnigeria.com or

www.ngrgsm.com

PREPAID NIGERIA PRICE LIST

MTN 100 95

MTN 200 190

ZAIN 100 95

ZAIN 200 190

ZAIN 500 470

GLO 100 94

GLO 150 139

Prepaid Nigeria offers their software FREE OF CHARGE. You can download it at their website.

VOUCHER COLONY

The operations of voucher colony defers from those of Ringo and Prepaid Nigeria. They can be contactedthrough
http://bodlinkvouchers.com/
They have changed their website from www.voucercolony.com to www.bodlinkvouchers.com

08034235993,08027338404 send text to +8615201213911 Email: info@BodLinkVouchers.com

This is how they work.

You will be a reseller: That means you will be using voucher colony’s network to print vouchers from their POS terminals. Resellers may own or have access to cyber cafés, business centers, banks or other location where a lot of human traffic
exist. Resellers basically sell vouchers to the consumer that load the value on their phone.

The steps are;

* You install the voucher colony software (download software from site).

* Add funds to your voucher colony account.

* Login to their website and download voucher of choice.

* Print and sell downloaded vouchers via the POS terminal.

To start, you will need the following:

* A computer

* Regular access to cyber café or have internet connection

* Pay for voucher colony reseller account (minimum is N20, 000)

* You will need to purchase their POS terminal (P200 cost N21, 500)

* Software and web access (N5000).

Please visit their website for details on how to make payment and became a sub-dealer.

CITISERVE NETWORK
If you are using this system, you do not need computers, software or printers. You will only need a small machine called orange box which they will sell to you at N35, 000. You will need to order for the PIN with a minimum of N5, 000.

You can get your orange box at No.
368 Ikorodu Road, Maryland, Lagos or call 08033604265, 08055633648

THEIR PRICES
ZAIN: 100 – 94 MTN: 200 – 193
ZAIN: 200 – 188 MTN: 400 – 385
ZAIN: 500 – 455 MTN: 750 – 720
ZAIN: 1000 – 920 STARCOMMS: 500 – 468
GLO: 100 – 94 STARCOMMS: 1000 – 931
GLO: 150 – 141 MTEL: 250 – 227
GLO: 300 – 280 MTEL: 400 – 358
GLO: 500 – 457 COOL TALK: 200 – 174
GLO: 1000 – 883.5 COOL TALK: 500 – 425

ASTROLOGICA
Amazing Grace Plaza, 2nd floor, 154, Muritala Mohammed Way, Yaba, Lagos.
08032036760, 08032036750, 01 8952831
www.astralogica-ng.com

Airtel Cards Limited
Address: 224, Etim Inyang Crescent, Victoria Island Extension, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1 461 9605-6, 270 3647; Fax: +234 1 461 9607
Email: info@airtelcardsltd.com
Website: http://www.airtelcardsltd.com

Card Centre Nigeria Limited
Address: 8, Louis Solomon Close, Victoria Island, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1
Email: info@cardcentreng.com
Website: http://www.cardcentreng.com

Cards Technology Limited
Address: 24A, Campbell Street, Lagos Island, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1 2646255, 2646353; Fax: +234 1 2646385
Email: info@cardstechnology.com
Website: http://www.cardstechnology.com

Controcards Limited
Address: Plot 289, Ajose Adeogun Street, Victoria Island, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1 4702733, 2611736

Masterstroke Packages Limited
Address: 17 Iganmu Industrial Road, Iganmu, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1 4701975; Fax: +234 1 2710996

Premium Ideas Limited
Address: Plot C83/C86, Amuwo Odofin Commercial Layout, Apapa-Oshodi Expressway, Lagos.
Phone: +234 1 589-5302

Private Networks Nigeria Limited
Address: 1, Oremeji street, off Obanle Aro, Street, Ilupeju, Lagos
www.private-networks.net

Abulu Nigeria Limited
65, Forestry Road, PO BOX 7745, Benin City, Edo state
Phone: 08032033439,08032033448
Email: abulu@revelationgroup.com

Polycomm Technologies
www.pinreload.com

No 30a Ondo Street,
Old Bodija, Ibadan.
Tel: +234 803 394 9561
Email: support@pinreload.com

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MARKETING IDEAS

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WHO ARE MY CUSTOMERS?

Your customers are those people in your locality that engage in interpersonal communication throughGSM and those carrying on GSM related business. In this category are the GSM call centers, road-side recharge card vendors and individuals. You can decide to sell to any of these customers who are retailers leaving certain reasonable profit margin for them as well while you discharge your products as fast as possible to replenish your stock on time.

Conversely, you may also sell directly to final consumers so as to double your gains-you will be making both profits of a sub-dealer and a retailer. The only disadvantage of limiting yourself to sell directly to the final consumers is that your stock may not move fast even though the profit is doubled.

HOW DO I SELL MY PRODUCTS?

It may bother you as an entrepreneur how to sell your products and make good profits. Do not have the fear that your are new in the business and may be denied good patronage. All you need do is to make a
thorough market survey of your area. Make a list of the sub dealers that sell at cheapest rate to the GSM call centers around you. Then, try to reasonably cut your price and wait for the result. You will discover that people tend to walk a few kilometers from their vicinity to patronize a dealer in another locality simply because of a reduction in price which is not even more than 50 kobo.
For example, if the cheapest MTN N100, in your area goes for N96, you may sell for N95.50 and beat the other dealers (your competitors). Always remember however that no matter the number of your competitors you still will have
your fair share of the market. This is a principle that is driven by creativity and good market strategy.

Your customers will come to you.

In addition to this you may adopt the family sales technique. This involves every member of the same household having some vouchers with them at any point in time and is ready to make sales at the slightest possible chance to do so. This method has been tested and the results, very positive. Selling at both wholesale and retail price can bring in extra earnings and increase profit margin. A third method is the let others do the sales method. In this method, you involve people who may not be ordinarily interested in this business by offering vouchers to them on credits and with profits. For instance Mrs. A may not be into the sale of voucher, may be a cyber café owner or business center agent.. You approach
Mr. A and offer him some cards say 10 of each units of MTN 100, Zain 100 and Glo 100 at the rate of say N98.. He makes N2 on each while you make N5 and sell faster.. It is the cumulative effect of this that will count.

You can sit down and study your environment properly; you will discover other techniques that will work for you. Always bear in mind that no matter the number of your competitors, you still will have your fair share of the market!

Your major dealer is also in the best position on sell to you recharge cards at reduced costs. Running this together with voucher printing will no doubt increase your profitability level.

You too can win!

CHEERS.

TG

You can regularly check our website for more opportunities and know the latest in efficient power and fueless solutions and how you can make genuine income from many online and other businesses and quit looking for jobs. The website is currently under construction. http://www.hisystems.com.ng

2010-10-01T03:44:00.000-07:00

A SURVEY OF INTEGRATED FISH FARIMING ACTICES AMONG FARMERS IN AUCHI AND ITS ENVIRONS,
EDO STATE.

BY

ESIMAKWINI .A. BONAVENTURE
(MAT .N0. N0/2008/2041)

PROJECT SURMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGGY EDO SATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, IGUORIAKHI
(AGENEBODE CAMPUS).

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN AGRICUTURE TECHNOLOGY

OCTOBER, 2010

i
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that project was carried out by Esimakwini .A. Bonaventure in the department of Agriculture and Aquaculture Technology.

_________________ __________________
Mr. Ojo Obasuyi Ojo Date
Project Supervisor

____________________ __________________
Egwanomhe M. Date

____________________ __________________
Oto A. O. Date
Project Coordinator

ii
DEDICATION
This project is specially dedicated to almighty God for giving me the strength and for his care over me throughout the period I spent in the school.
I also dedicated this project to my mother and father
Mr. Esimakwini .J. who God used to support and care for me throughout my course of studies.

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am sincerely grateful to almighty Jehovah for his blessing and mercy towards this project.
I wish to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Ojo-Obasuyi O.J. whose efforts and support made it possible for me to write this project. Thanks you very much sir.
I can not but appreciate the following persons viz: Mr. and Mrs Esimakwini, my lecturer Ojo-Obasuyi O.J. Mr Sunday Esimakwini, Mrs Esther Esimakwini.
I am also grateful to my friends Mary, Augustina, Jihom, Diskson, Christopher, Ekene, Ayemhere and Joy.
Above all I am grateful to God Almighty who made this project a success.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE
CERTIFICATION:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
DEDICATION:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:---------------------------------------------------------iv
TABLE OF CONTENT:---------------------------------------------------------v-vi
LIST OF TABLES:------------------------------------------------------------------vii
ABSTRACT:-------------------------------------------------------------------------viii
CHAPTER ONE
INDRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------1
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY-----------------------------------------------------------2
CHAPTER TWO
LITERAURE REVIEW--------------------------------------------------------------3
LITERATURE REVIEW------------------------------------------------------------4
SYSTEMS OF INTEGRATED FISH FARMING---------------------------5
FISH AND POULTRY FARMING----------------------------------------------6
FISH AND POGGERY FERMING----------------------------------------------7
FISH AND LIVESTOCK FARMING-------------------------------------------8
FISH AND DUCK FARMING----------------------------------------------------9
FISH AND RABBIT AND / OR GRASSCULTER FARMING-------10
FISH AND VEGETABLE FARMING-----------------------------------------11
FISH AND PLANTAIN / BANNA FARMING-----------------------------12
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS-------------------------------------------------13
SCOPE OF STUDY------------------------------------------------------------------14
GEOGRAPNCAL LOCATION OF AGENEBODE-----------------------15
v
RESEARCH INSRUMENT-------------------------------------------------------16
VALIDITY OF REBEARCH INSTRUMENT------------------------------17
METHOD OF DATD COLLECTION-----------------------------------------18
DATA ANALYSIS------------------------------------------------------------------19
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION--------------------------------------------------20
AGE OF FISH FARMS-------------------------------------------------------------21
FARMS MANAGERS WXPERIENCE---------------------------------------22

vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Qualification of farm manager practice of integrated fish farming types of fish integrations usage of pond water. Usage of farm by products
Benefits in integrated fish farming
Chapter five
Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion
Recommendation
References

vii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 – Age of Fish
TABLE 2 – Farm Manager’s Experience
TABLE 3 – Qualification of Farm manager
TABLE 4 – Practice of Integrated Fish Farming
TABLE 5 – Usage of Pond Water
TABLE 6 – Usage of Farm By-Product

viii
ABSTRACT
The study entailed a survey of the integrated fish farming practices employed by fish farmers in Auchi and its environs primary date were collected with the aid of well structured questionnaires from the fish farmers in the area. Findings from the study revealed that majority of the fish farmers practiced the fish cum vegetable production method (38.5%), while 11.55% practiced the plantain/banana method fish cum
It is recommenced that seminars, workshops and conference should be organized by government agencies and state holder in order to educate or create awareness among fish farmers on the benefits of fish integration with trops and livestock.
The result from the survey also indicated that 80.75% of those who practice integrated fish farming do not fully make use of farm by-products in their fish integration.

ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In Africa, about 200 million people rely on fish as a man part of their diet, but the continent is the only region in the world where fish supplies per capita is decreasing, according to reports prepared for a fish for all summit in the Nigerian capital (mari et al.,2005).
Hunger and malnutrition remain amongst the most devastating problem facing the world poor and needy (fao, 2002). Between 80 to 90 million people have to be fed yearly and most of them are in the developing countries. The most reliable source of protein for many is fish, yet million of people who depend on fish are faced daily by the fear of food shortage (world fish centre, 2003). With the population of Nigerian in the rise, the is a corresponding for fish. Thus, there is the need for a suitable agricultural system to meet the increasing demand for food also maximize the utilization of the available limited resources without much wastage. In view of this integrated fish farming fit exactly into this. Integrated fish farming is a diversified and coordinated way of farming with fish as main target (Ayinla,2003) along with other farm products. The items produced are

1
to be used either as source of feeds fertilizers and source of additional in come (Chen, 1989).
Integrated fish farming has revolutionized conventional farming of livestock, Agriculture, Agro-industry and allied activities in some countries, especially in tropical and sub-tropical region that are not avid
The main objective of integrated fish farming is to establish a highly flexible system with low external inputs; with various outputs all year round integrated fish farming has the following advantages:
(1) It results in optimal utilization of resources, higher return of investment and higher productivity
(2) It helps to reduces cost of production as wastes generated from livestock or farm produce are recycled to feed fish, while water and silt from pond.
(3) It also helps to reduce environmental pollution due to waste conversion and utilization.
(4) It also plays a vital rola in national economy through production of animal protein and employment generation.

2
(5) It increases sources of income and food to farmers thereby improving the quality of life and alleviating poverty and malnutrition (Omitoyin, 2007).
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY.
Considering the above mentioned advantages of integrated fish farming in the livelihood of every segment of the Nigerian population, the study was to:
(1) Determine the level of fish integration in the study area.
(2) Determine the methods fish
(3) Determine the level of usage of farm by products in integrated fish farming.

3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Integrated fish farming involves the integrated of fish farming with livestock farming of agricultural crops, vegetable and “side-line” occupation (Eyo et al,2003). This method of fish farming is gaining ground with each passing day in Nigeria because of its economic viability as it utilizes waste material to produce protein for human consumption.
In Nigeria, integrated fish farming have been reported in many states of the federation in which 50% of fish farming integrate poultry piggery or livestock with their fish production, while integrated fish and crop production is on the rise also in several states (Aifp, 2005). According to Asata (1994) the essence of integrated system is productivity of integrated fish as to meet the challenges of food shortage and reducing the unemployment rate in Nigeria.
SYSTEMS OF INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
In Nigria integrated fish farming is carried out mainly at subsistence level (Nnaji et al 2003).
Integrated fish farming can be the production function which largely

4
depends on finance, and the level of integration to be engaged in the common types of integrated that can be adopted in Nigeria are as follows:
FISH AND POULTRY FARMING
Poultry – fish farming is the integration of poultry animals like chicken, duck and geese with fish farming Akinrotimietal (2005). Most common practice in Nigeria is fish and chicken, which is widely praticed because of its profitability birds raised for egg (Layers) or the one that are raised for meat (broilers) can be integrated with fish farming. This will reduce the cost of inputs such as feed and fertilizers, so as maximize profits (Asala, 1994). The poultry farm can be constructed inside and raised over the pond or beside the pond as the case may be. The excreta (dropping) from the birds serve as manure which fertilizers the be more ideal and better if the poultry house is raised over ponds, that is vertical integration. This will allow easy transportation of manure to ponds they maximizing the usage of the land. The poultry house will be cleaner, as the excreta falls directly to the ponds.
When poultry pens are constructed separately away from a pond,

5
manure from pens are collected regularly to fertilize the pond used to generate maggots which in turn are used in feeding fish where broilers are diseased the intestines are used feeding fish, where waste feed from the pen, dead chickens and broken eggs are also fed to their fish (Omitoyin, 2007). Residues, and left from kitchen, aquatic plants are often used as organic manure in fish ponds farmers practicing pig and fish farming may benefit from up to 28% economic advantage over normal pig farming (Aifp, 2005)
Integrated fish farming is a self sufficient system. The livestock manure fertilizes the pond and serves as food to the fish that in turn, are used to feed the fish. As the fish grow, pond silt accumulates. This cycle fully utilizes the sunlight land pond silt and fertile pond water and improves the ecological condition of the pond. Rate is usually
800 – 1000 per hectare of pond. Care should be taken to that ducks are nor released into fry and fingerling ponds so that they don’t prey on them (omotoyin, 2007)
FISH AND RABBIT AND / OR GRASSCUTTER
The integration of fish culture with rabbit and or grass cutter production is fast gaining ground in Nigeria Rabbit and grass cutter

6
pens are constructed separately, away from the pond, their faces are regularly collected to fertilize the ponds, while grasses that are preferred by these rodents found around the pond’s embankment are regularly cut to feed them (omotoyin, 2007)
FISH AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
This is where farmers either use pond water directly to grow vegetables and / or grow vegetables directly inside the fish pond after the fish have been harvested. The advantage of this system is that fertilizers are not added, thus reducing the cost of production. The vegetables planted inside the pond help to utilize accumulated nutrients (omotoyin, 2007)
FISH AND PLANTAIN / BANANA
In this system the fish farmer plants plantains and banana or along the embankment of the pond. The plantain or banana stands provide shade to the pond, thereby reducing direct heating of the pond water by sunlight. Additionally income is obtained from the sale of plantains or banana. Suckers should however not be more than 2 – 3 stands in a particular sport to prevent unnecessary shading which can serve as a hideout for predators and pilferers. (Omotoyin, 2007)

7
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SCOPE OF STUDY:
The study was aimed at surveying the and mode used in integrated fish farming in Auchi and its environs. Most fish farms were visited in the area and were interviewed.
A survey mode of research was adopted this was carried out by means of well structured questionnaires which were distributed to most of the fish farmers within the area.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF AUCHI
AUCHI is the headquarters of Etsako West local Government Area of Edo State. It is located in the Southwest part of the State.
The stream Orle serves as a natural boundary between the town, Afuze and Igarra respectively in the state indeed many individuals who live in the town engage in commercial activities and only few engaged in fish farming actuates
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The researcher used the questionnaire as his instrument for collecting information from the fish farmers. The questionnaires

8
provided were to collect information on the survey of the practices and mode employed in integrated fish farming system
By fish farmers in Auchi (Edo state) and its environs. Variables in the questionnaires include: Age, level of Education, Experience of fish farmer, level of integrated fish farming practiced, forms or systems of integrated fish farming and others
VALIDITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The questionnaires used were designed by the researcher and treated with three fish farmers before it was submitted to the supervisor for necessary correction to be made before printing it out for distribution. The correction made gave the research instrument (questionnaires) some level of validity before they were administered finally to the fish farmers.
ADMINISTERATION FOR RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The researcher explained the purpose of the questionnaires to the fish farmers. The questionnaires were later distributed to 30 fish farmers in the area. 26questunaires were completely filled and returned. This was used for data analysis forever only 4 were not returned by the fish farmers.

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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
The information provided was collected from fish farmers. This was made possible by the use of a well structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to fish farmer directly and were used to collect information mainly on the types of integrated fish farming practices awing fish farmers in Auchi and its neurons.
DATA ANALYSIS
This data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed with the aid of simple descriptive statistics and percentage methods to summarize integrated fish farming practices among farmers in Auchi and its neurons.

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CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results from the survey carried out on the integrated fish farming practices among farmers in Auchi and its neurons are discussed as follows:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TABLE 1: AGE OF FISH FARMS
AGE FREQUENCY %
Less then one year
2 – 5 years
6 – 10 years
11 – 15 years
16 – 20 years
20 years and above
Total 5
11
8
2
__
__
26 19.25
42.35
30.80
7.68
__
__
100
Source: survey Data, 2010
From table above the result showed that most of the fish farmers in Auchi and its environs are relatively new, with 92:40% being not more than 10 years old. This may be attributed to the fact that the act of fish farming is relatively new in the area.

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TABLE 2: FARM MANAGER’S EXPERIENCE
EXPERIENCE FREQUENCY %
1 – 5 years
6 – 10 years
11 – 15 years
16 – 20 years
20 years and above
Total 8
18
__
__
__
26 30.80
69.29
__
__
__
100
Source: survey Data, 2010
Table 2 above showed that 69.29% of the farm managers possessed between 6-10 years of management experience while 30.80% possess 1 – 5 years experience. This result indicated that most of the farm managers are relatively new in management and may still be very much inexperienced.
This may account for the low productivity from the aquaculture sector.
TABLE 3: QUALIFICATION OF FARM MANAGER
QUALIFICATION FREQUENCY %
No Formal Education
W.A.S.E
OND/ND
HND
B.S.C
P.H.D
TOTAL 5
13
8
__
__
__
26 19.25
50.03
30.80
__
__
__
100
Source: survey Data, 2010

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From the survey as shown in table 3 above most farm managers possess Formal Education few of them (30.80%) possess O.N.D/ND. This result indicated that there is little high level trained man power and might be attributed to the newness of the profession.
TABLE 4: PRACTICE OF INFEGRATED FISH FARMING
PRACTICE FREQUENCY %
YES
NO 8
18 30.30
69.29
TOTAL 26 100
Source: Survey Data, 2010
Table 4 above Showed that 69.29% of the fish farmers in the area do not practice integrated fish farming while 30.80% practice one form of integrated fish farming or the other. This result may also be attributed to the newness of fish culture techniques in Nigeria. This agrees with Ojo-Obasuyi (2010), that integrated fish farming is a relatively new venture in the country.

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TABLE 5:- TYPES OF FISH INTEGRATION
Types of fish integration FREQUENCY %
Fish and Poultry
Fish and Piggery
Fish and Livestock
Fish and Duck
Fish, Rabbit and or Grass cutter
Fish and Vegetable production
Fish and Plantain (Banana) Pineapple
Fish and Cassava
Fish and others 85__
__
__
10
3
__
__ 30.80
19.25
__
__
__
38.50
11.55
__
__
Total 26 100
Table 5 above showed that 38.50% of those who practiced integrated fish farming adopted the fish and vegetable production method, which 30.80% adopted the fish and poultry method. The table also showed that only 19.25% and 11.55% adopted the fish and Piggery, Fish and Plantain / Pineapple methods respectively.
The result also indicated that no fish farmer adopted fish and livestock, fish and Duck, fish and Rabbit / Grass cutter, and fish Cassava integrated methods. This may be attributed to the fact that poultry, piggery, vegetable and plantain (Banana) pineapple farming

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are age long system of farming and perhaps can easily be integrated with fish farming.
TABLE 6:- USAGE OF FARM BY PRODUCT
BY PRODUCT USAGE FREQUENCY %
YES
NO 5
21 19.25
80.75
TOTAL 26 100
Source: survey Data, 2010
The result from it survey as shown in table 6 above indicated that most integrated fish farmers (80.78) do not completely make use of farm by – products and only few (19.25%) farm by – product fully.
BENEFITS IN INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
The result form the survey showed that the all those who practice integrated fish farming benefited from the practice, with eir cost of production reducing by about 10-15%.

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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION:
A survey of the integrated fish farming practices among farmers in Auchi and its environs was carried out. The findings forms the study that majority of the fish farmers in the area practiced one form of fish integrated or the other. The finding also leveled that among those who practice integrated fish farming majority practiced the fish and vegetable method of integration. All those practicing integrated fish farming in the area experienced cost benefit in their total farm production.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings from the study, the following were recommended.
(1) Seminars and workshops on integrated fish farming should be organized by government agencies and stake holders in order to educate or create awareness among fish on the cost benefits in integrated fish farming, especially in fish cum livestock And fish cum livestock.

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(2) Fish farmers in the area are strongly audited to employ the services of highly skilled fishers personnel (Graduates) to manage their farms.
(3) Government at all levels should subsidize fish farming inputs fingerlings, (fertilizers, water pumps, feeds e.t.c) to fish farmers in order to motivate them to practice integrate fish farming.
(4) Micro Finance Banks in the community should offer credit facilities to fish farmers in order to have fund for the practice of integrated fish farming.
(5) Fish farmers are encouraged to practice other forms of fish integration such as fish and cassava, fish and grass cutters e.t.c, so as to increase their income.

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