photo credit: scherre

Around 70% of parents who have the opportunity to learn whether their baby is a boy or a girl before the birth will opt to do so: the rest want to keep it a surprise. The most important reason for knowing the sex of the fetus is in the case of sex-linked genetic diseases. If a particular disease runs in the family and only occurs in one sex, parents may well be concerned about their baby’s chances of having the disease. The other reason is curiosity: some people want to know in advance so they can have the name, nursery and wardrobe all lined up. Ultrasound is most commonly used for determining the sex of a baby, since it’s non-invasive and relatively simple. The genders tend to be fully differentiated at around 12 weeks after conception, so as long as the technician or doctor can get a clear view, the chances of getting it right are high. After the 12th week of pregnancy, accuracy approaches 99%.

Sometimes the doctor will test for illness, disease or fetal abnormality by using amniocentesis; a procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is extracted and tested. If you’re having amnio done for another reason, you can also have the sex of the baby determined, but because amniocentesis carries risks of miscarriage or infection, you’d only use it for sex determination if something else is being tested for. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is another test used to look for genetic disorders: in this case, a small sample of the sac where the baby develops is taken from the mother. This sample can also be used in a secondary fashion to determine the baby’s gender.

The pros and cons of learning your baby’s gender are simple, but the psychological effects can be great. If you are sure you’re carrying a much-wanted son but find instead that your baby will be a daughter, it may cause you some dismay. Inheritances may be affected in families that only pass assets on to one gender. Because ultrasound determinations aren’t 100% accurate, there is a 1-5% chance that you will be told your baby is a boy when it’s a girl, or vice versa. If you don’t mind surprises, that’s fine, but if you’ve been making decisions about nursery school waiting lists, nannies vs mannies or pink vs blue, you may find yourself in a middle of a gender confused nursery. Get the best information you can by making sure the person who interprets the ultra sound photo feels very confident in the prediction. If the picture is unclear, you may want to wait and have the ultrasound done at a later time.

photo credit: rkimpeljr

A cord blood bank is a facility which stores umbilical cord blood for future use. Both private and public cord blood banks have developed since the mid to late 1990s in response to the potential for cord blood transplants in treating diseases of the blood and immune systems. However, cord blood is not recommended to be stored in a private bank for the vast majority of cases.

Your cord blood is the best gift you can give your baby after she is born. Not convinced. Here are some advantages of saving of umbilical blood for your baby.

Your extracting cord blood for your baby is not painful for you and your baby.

Your placenta and the umbilical cord would have been discarded anyway. Why not use it for the welfare of your baby and its siblings.

There are many diseases like cancer which can be treated with the help of the patients stem cells.

Bone marrow can supply stem cells too. However, the quality and quantity is a lot better in the umbilical cord.

If a person has his own stem cells, he does not have to depend on others for donation. He is his own donor.

There can be a situation where the donors stem cells do not match that of the patients. As a result, treatment will be delayed leading to dire consequences. This could have been avoided if the patients parents had decided to preserve his cord blood after he was born.

Preserving your babys cord blood will not only help your baby but also her siblings whose blood you have not saved. Various researches has proved that the stem cells from a sibling is more beneficial than other familys stem cells.

You can look at it as insurance for your family. At the time of need this blood storage may prove to be life savior of your family member.

Incase, you see that your child is growing up healthy and there is no problem in the next few years, you can chose to donate the umbilical cord blood to a needy family.

Diseases Which Can Be Cured With Cord blood

Here is a list of some of the diseases that can be treated with the help of your babys umbilical cord blood:

• Acute Leukemias
• Chronic Leukemias
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Stem Cell Disorders
• Myeloproliferative Disorders
• Lymphoproliferative Disorders
• Phagocyte Disorders
• Liposomal Storage Diseases
• Histiocytic Disorders
• Inherited Erythrocyte Abnormalities
• Congenital (Inherited) Immune System Disorders
• Other Inherited Disorders
• Inherited Platelet Abnormalities,
• Plasma Cell Disorders
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Brain Tumors
• Ewing Sarcoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Ovarian Cancer
• Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Small-Cell Lung Cancer
• Testicular Cancer.

Cord blood banking may sound expensive now, but if you look that benefits you and your family might be getting out of it, the expense looks quite miniscule. So, think again. You love your baby very much and will always try to do everything possible to ensure that she is healthy and happy. Save her umbilical cord blood. Save the very cells that created her. Give her a gift she will always remember her own stem cells. They can give her a new life.

How to choose a breastpump? Having a good breastpump is essential for working mother. It doesn’t matter whether you need to leave the house for work, need to store extra milk for later, or need to have milk available for someone else who’s feeding the baby.
There are two major types of breastpump - manual and battery/electric. Single and double models are available. If you need to pump often, consider a dual electric model. However, if you don’t need to pump often, consider a smaller, less expensive model.

photo credit: Telstar Logistics

Every mother wants what’s best for her baby. Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to give your child the nutrition and antibodies that he or she needs. However, it can get in the way of other obligations and work schedules. That means it can be hard to breastfeed every time your child needs to eat. A breastpump allows you to offer your baby all the benefits of breastfeeding, but without losing the ability to engage in other activities. It also means that you can turn feeding over to dad or another family member from time to time.

There are lots of different models of breastpumps on the market. Different women prefer different styles. The most basic is the single pump, for one breast at a time, a lot like the way a baby nurses. Career women or those who can’t be home at all times often prefer this style, since it’s small and easy to take along with you. Miniature pumps are also great for traveling. They work just like a full sized pump, but you can take them almost anywhere. Single and double models are available in this size, and are practical for almost any woman who can’t be home at all times. A double breastpump is a good idea if you have twins - you’ll need to pump more often than a mom who just has one baby. If you can pump at home and have twins, choose a full size double breastpump. The extra milk is also useful if you’re trying to get others involved in feeding your child, too.

Most single, double, or mini breastpumps require a power source, whether they’re plug in or battery powered. Battery powered breastpumps are best if you’ll need to pump in many different places. That’s because you don’t have to find a place to plug the pump in. However, these pumps don’t offer the same amount of power as an electrical pump. That means they might not be as efficient. If you need to pump often, or are new to it, think about using a plug in model, which can expel more milk. There are a few pumps that let you use both options - an adapter can be used when there’s an outlet available, or you can use batteries when you can’t find one.

Many different companies which also produce other baby products make breastpumps, too. Medela is one of the most popular makers, and make some of the strongest breastpumps available. This manufacturer offers both single and double pumps, and manufactures carrying cases and accessories, too. You can also find pumps from Evenflo, which is known for pumps that suit the needs of new moms well. Prices from Evenflo tend to be lower than those at Medela. Ameda and Avent make single and double breastpumps, and include accessories for their models with the pumps. These companies all make high quality breastpumps that are practical and affordable for new moms who want to breastfeed without all the hassle.

Choosing perfect breastpump is vital. You’ll have to take a look at all your options to decide which of the many different pumps available work best for you. Some people like sturdy, larger models that offer power but need an outlet to work. Others prefer a convenient, portable battery powered pump. If you use a double pump, you might be able to cut down the amount of time required, but not everyone likes them. Children drink only one breast full of milk at a time, making some prefer a single pump. Experiment and do your research to find the one that’ll work best for you, and remember to keep a spare on hand in case your breaks or is lost.

When your baby is born their eyesight is blurry. In the first two months of their life they can only focus on objects eight to ten inches in front of him, so the first colours your baby sees are black, white and red. Their favourite sight is you, and they love to hear your voice. Now you can sing to your hearts content, they will love it.

Interaction is your great fun learning game, seeing you, listening to you, giggling and laughing at you. But you cannot be your child’s only entertainment system, you will need some time out!

So lets look at some games that your baby will love. Here are Three Brain-Stimulating Activities for Your Baby recommended by museum tour

Peekaboo

What the research says: Peekaboo is a valuable lesson in object permanence. Each game builds and strengthens connections among brain cells that will remain basically in place for the rest of your child’s life. These connections are made easily in early stages, but form slower and with more difficulty later on.

OK, we all know how to play peekaboo. But in case you need instructions:

• Hold an interesting toy or puppet behind your back. Bring it out and say “Peekaboo!”
• Put it behind your back again.
• Keep this up (unless he grows bored) until baby begins to anticipate the puppet coming out in a certain place (e.g. by your right shoulder).

This time bring the puppet out in a different place this time (over your head, on your other side, over the baby’s head…) Is baby surprised? Delighted? Amazed?
Give the puppet to your baby and see if he will imitate you.

Beat of the Drum

What the research says: Learning cause and effect is an important stage of development. Learning that performing the same act with a different set of materials products different results is another one. Other skills developed: auditory skills, discerning tone, sense of rhythm.
Gather a collection of empty containers (oatmeal containers, ice cream tubs, tupperware or the like, coffee cans, plastic wrap stretched tightly over a plastic bowl) pots and pans, and various sized wooden spoons. Try to chose “drums” that will provide a wide range of tones. Let your baby bang away and amaze herself with her own power.

Explore the Senses

What the research says: Using her senses of sight and smell causes brain connections to form, especially if these experiences are consistent and predictable. By exposing your baby to a wide array of situations and sensations, you are expanding her awareness of herself, her surroundings, and her world.

Give her a front row seat. Carry your baby around the house. Take her on walks around the neighborhood. Both urban and rural environments can be fascinating to a baby. Point things out, and talk about them calmly and quietly. A dog running down the sidewalk, a horn honking, a cloud of steam, a basketball bouncing, the smell of bread baking, a summer breeze … things we experience with our senses daily are new, amazing, and important to baby’s development.

Baby educational games are fun, but one of the most important and simple things you can do with your baby is bond. Hold them, touch them (skin-to-skin contact is particularly important), cuddle them, talk to them, sing to them, rock them. You may think this goes without saying, but the research backs it up too! Infants and their parents are biologically hardwired to have close emotional bonds with each other. It’s a survival instinct. These bonds are formed in the first year, and as early as the first minutes, through eye contact, facial expressions, touch, and voice. Holding, comforting, and cuddling your baby helps her brain grow.

Remember that according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, babies don’t actually need to wear shoes until they begin to walk. Shoes are meant to protect your baby’s feet, especially as she begins to walk outside, and don’t help her learn to walk any faster. In fact, especially if they aren’t flexible or don’t have non-skid soles, many baby shoes can actually make it harder for your baby to take her first steps.

However, the problem is that shoes for toddlers are of paramount importance. Two things will be happening to your toddler at the same stage that they need shoes. The first is that they are learning to stand, walk and run, all of which require good balance, control, grip and confidence of movement. The second thing is that their bones, muscles and joints will all be growing, developing, strengthening and prone to being easily misshaped or damaged if the wrong type of shoe is worn. Cheap shoes offer little support, and it can lead to the child developing bad posture, or even weakened or distorted joints, including bow leggedness.

As far as children’s shoes are concerned, particularly in the early formative years, it is well worth spending the extra money on a really good quality pair of shoes. Not only will they provide much greater support and encourage good posture and walking technique, but they are far more likely to last.

Cheaper shoes tend to have glued seams, whereas more expensive shoes are sewn. Seams on shoes that are sewn are very much stronger than glued ones, and with the rough treatment likely to be encountered on a toddler’s feet, durability is important.

Another aspect to consider is how the shoes will be done up. Laces look classic, and are harder for the child to undo themselves, especially if they are tied in a double knot. The laces can also be used to pull the sides of the shoe together evenly, and creates a better chance of the shoe remaining on the foot. Velcro on the other hand is much quicker and easier to do up and undo. However, your child will quickly realise this themselves, and along with the incredibly satisfying ripping sound they discover they can make with it, they’ll be undoing their shoe faster than you can put it back on their feet, and this can lead to all sorts of problems.

The style and pattern of the sole of the shoe will be important too. Having a good tread will help enormously in providing s good grip, especially when they try their hand (or foot) at mountaineering, wanting to climb up every step, get up on to every object they can and generally try getting everywhere. A deep, reliable tread will help them to gain their balance and learn to trust their judgement more when walking and running.

Soft-Sole Shoes

Many parents look for a soft-sole shoe as the first baby shoes they buy.

Of course, you could just dress up your baby in a good pair of socks until she is walking. When she is at the cruising and crawling level, soft socks with non-skin soles should work well enough that you don’t necessarily need shoes yet.

If your infant is wearing decorative shoes as part of an outfit, be sure to take them off whenever she begins to cruise around or walk.

Velcro, Crocs, and Sandals

From Crocs pelican kids for toddlers and sneakers with Velcro straps to sandals, shoes are so easy to get off these days that you will likely find that you have a hard time keeping shoes on your kids.

This is fine for the barefoot-is-best crowd, but once your toddler and preschooler is really running around, even inside the house, you will likely end up with a lot of stubbed toes, broken toe nails, and splinters if your child isn’t wearing shoes.

You might consider lace shoes instead if you really want your older child to get in the habit of keeping their shoes on — and maybe learn to tie their own shoes before they are seven or eight years old.

There has also been some concern that Crocs can pose a safety hazard on escalators, as there have been reports of kids wearing Crocs have gotten their shoes caught and toes injure

If in any doubt, use two critics when buying your toddler shoes. Use the trained professional who will help you choose shoes which are appropriate, supportive and the right size. But make sure you listen to your toddler too. If all they want to do is sit, or take their shoes off, then maybe another choice might be worth a look.

Lasik is not suitable for everyone. Among many elements contributing to lasik candidacy are age, overall health and the condition of the eyes. Women who are pregnant or nursing, may need to postpone laser eye surgery in order to avoid unnecessary complications.

Lasik eye surgery should be avoided while pregnant or within six months of becoming pregnant. Lasik should also be avoided during breastfeeding. Hormones produced during pregnancy and lactation amplify existing eye conditions. In addition, the increased fluid that a pregnant woman retains actually changes the shape of the eyeball, in turn changing vision. If a woman were to have lasik surgery while pregnant, it would be nearly impossible to tell if any negative changes in eyesight during lasik recovery were because of the surgery or because of the pregnancy.

Many women experience dry, itchy, or light-sensitive eyes due to the drop in estrogen that occurs during pregnancy. Because eyes are normally a little more sensitive and itchy after lasik surgery, not only is this surgery potentially ineffective for pregnant and nursing women, but will be more uncomfortable.

Also, medication given to relieve complications related to lasik can pass through the uterine wall to the unborn child or to the baby through breastfeeding. About two or three months after pregnancy and nursing, the body should return to normal and lasik will once again be a safe option. Most women, however, choose to wait until they are finished having children before having lasik.

Lasik Surgery and Refractive Instability
The goal of laser eye surgery is to pinpoint and correct unwavering refractive errors. As a result of natural hormonal changes, women who are pregnant or nursing commonly experience vision fluctuation. In addition to hormonal changes, vision may also be affected by corneal pressure due to fluid retention. Refractive instability during pregnancy and lactation hinders the ability of the lasik surgeon to determine actual vision problems.

Under the environment of fluctuating vision, an inaccurate assessment of your refractive state can result in an inaccurate lasik surgery procedure. Patients who elect to have lasik while pregnant or nursing may experience overcorrection or undercorrection once hormonal balance returns to the body. In addition, the lasik recovery process will involve periodic vision changes as the eye adjusts to the procedure. But it’s impossible to identify whether vision fluctuation occurs as a result of pregnancy and breastfeeding, or laser eye surgery.

Dry Eyes and Pregnancy
Pregnancy can also cause dry eye conditions. In fact, most women find it too uncomfortable to wear contacts during pregnancy. Dry eye conditions can pose additional difficulties during recovery from laser eye surgery. People with dry eyes experience longer, more troublesome recovery periods.

Lasik Surgery and Medications During Pregnancy
Prescribed medications are another concern for potential lasik patients who are pregnant or nursing. As part of the process, patients are required to take antibiotics and steroid eye drops before and after the lasik procedure. Many patients also receive mild sedatives as a calming agent during laser eye surgery. As a result of entering the bloodstream, your baby will be exposed to these medications.

There are no hard facts about the risk of medications associated with lasik for patients who are pregnant or nursing. However, possibility presents an essential precaution. As an elective procedure, laser eye surgery can easily be postponed in order to avoid unnecessary complications for you and your baby.

Surgery Not for Everyone
Despite what some ads may suggest, the surgery isn’t for everyone. You must have healthy eyes with no visually significant cataracts, glaucoma or severe dry eyes, says laser vision correction specialist Sandra Belmont, M.D. Also, people with extreme nearsightedness or farsightedness may not be eligible, especially if they have a thick cornea, a large pupil and/or an eye that isn’t easy to get to. And, for some farsighted patients, the results may diminish with age as their eyes naturally lose focusing power.

Pregnancy and Postponing Lasik Surgery
Patients who are pregnant, nursing or trying to conceive should postpone laser eye surgery until vision has stabilized. If you are pregnant, it is best to wait at least two months after you have stopped breastfeeding. Women electing not to breastfeed should postpone lasik for a few months after giving birth, allowing enough time for hormonal balance to return. Patients should also wait six months to conceive following laser eye surgery.

Another important consideration is that the drugs used to correct complications of refractive surgery may be dangerous to the pregnancy or may pass through lactation to the infant during breastfeeding. Pregnancy and nursing are contraindications for all types of elective refractive surgery.

Tags: Lasik pregnancy, lasik eye surgery during pregnancy

In terms of babies, we know that colic causes babies to cry and cry, much more than other babies who are not suffering from colic.

What are signs of Colic?

When babies with colic cry, they may draw their arms and legs in tight toward their bodies and appear to be in pain. Or other times they stretch out their arms and legs and stiffen, then draw up tight again. You may notice that baby’s face turns bright red from excessive crying.

Babies are diagnosed with colic when their crying lasts for more than three hours a day. You may find that colicky babies get fussier toward the end of the day, but colic can happen at any time.

A baby with colic may cry for long periods or may cry almost all of the time. When your baby cries, they may swallow air. This swallowing is likely to give your baby uncomfortable gas. Having an extra amount of gas in your baby’s tummy will make it look swollen and feel tight, which can of course make your baby more uncomfortable.

What Causes Colic?

This has long been a question without a definite answer. Still no one is quite sure what actually causes colic. Babies with colic are healthy, so it does not appear to be caused by a medical problem. And colic is not caused by the way a baby is cared for. Without a doubt it is not any fault of the parent.

It was once believed by doctors that babies may have an allergy to milk. This has since been resolved as often breastfed babies may suffer from colic too. Many believe that colic is caused by excessive gas in the tummy which is the result of baby swallowing too much air while crying.

How long will Colic last?

Colic usually starts when baby is three to six weeks old. And will typically go away when they are around three months old. You may wish to visit your baby’s physician for guidance if your baby is still showing signs of colic after three months of age.

How can I help soothe my colicky baby?

There is no one treatment which has been proven to make colic go away, but there are some simple things you can try to soothe your colicky baby. For example many babies calm when they are gently rocked, bounced or held closely to their parent’s body. By being held close, your baby may feel more warm and secure, and your body movements may help to calm. Try also swaddling. Being swaddled for many babies helps them to organize. You might also humming or singing a soft tune to your baby. This soothing sound may also calm you too!

If you want to take steps towards quieting and calming your baby, try this battle plan to soothe the symptoms:

1. Check to see if your baby is hungry
First of all you should check to see if your baby is hungry. To do this with young babies simply place you finger under their chin and if it tries to suck or move toward it then it means that your baby is hungry.

2. Walk with your baby
Walk with your baby or sit in a rocking chair. The continuous movement will soothe your baby. However, be sure to place your baby’s head close to your chest so that it can hear your heartbeat.

3. Burping while feeding
Try burping your baby more frequently during feeding.

4. Know that a colic attack is coming and be prepared for it
When dealing with a colicky baby it is best to plan ahead. For example, if your baby usually has colic attacks in the afternoon/evening then you should do most of your household chores in the morning. Make sure that if your baby has been awake for most of the morning that he/she gets a nap in the afternoon and you take one with them. A nap can actually reduce the frequency of the colic attacks and how long they last.

5. Play music
Play music like classical or slow music as some babies respond better to sound and will find it soothing.

6. Stop the Crying as soon as possible
Using a pacifier may help stop your baby crying however, if this does not work a small bottle of sugar water helps calm and relax the baby.

Stopping your baby’s crying spells as quickly and calmly as possible can significantly shorten the episodes of colic.

7. Massage
Place your baby across your lap while he/she lies on his/her belly and rub his/her back. This will help get rid of air in your baby’s stomach and prevent gas. Try also massaging your baby’s tummy. In some cases, gently massaging baby’s tummy has helped to move uncomfortable gasses out of the intestinal tract relieving tightness and discomfort. Massage should be given to baby in a clockwise circular motion using your full soft hand. This massage specifically pinpoints the digestive tract and should help to ease your baby’s pain by helping them to pass painful gas.

8. Neck nestling
This is when the baby snuggles his/her head into the space that is located between the jaw and chest of the parent. Your jawbone drapes gently over the baby’s head and your voice box presses against its’ head. Small babies hear not only with their ears but also the vibrations that go through their skull. If you sing something monotonous like a lullaby it will help your baby to drift off to sleep. This technique works best with dad’s because they have a lower pitch and higher vibration from their voice.

9. A special favourite.

What you have to do is drape your bare skinned but diapered baby over your bare chest. Make sure that your baby’s ear is over your heartbeat. The rhythm of your heart combined with the rhythm of your chest moving as you are breathing and a bit of rhythmic patting on your baby’s back will usually soothe both of you.

10. Use motion
Some babies prefer to be still when calmed down whereas, others like the use of motion to be soothed. Motion swings set at approximately 60 beats per minute is an excellent device to be used for those types of babies. The constant motion is great for relaxing the baby. However, you should bear in mind that for some babies this may not work as the swing only provides a back and forth motion.

A vibrating bouncer is another excellent tool to use to calm down your colicky baby. The vibration and rhythmic sound coming from this device will soothe your baby.

How to cope when your baby has colic?

Caring for a colicky baby can be extremely stressful and frustrating at times but, remember it’s not your fault. Also, bear in mind that you need to take care of yourself as well. You can’t be very soothing to your baby if you are all tense and stressed. You need to try to relax and remember that your baby will outgrow this phase. In addition, keep in mind that if you need to take a break from your baby’s crying then do so, there is nothing wrong with that. Family and relatives are often understanding and happy to take care of your baby when you need some time out for yourself, even if your baby is crying. If there is no one around it’s ok to put your baby in the crib, let him/her cry and take a break before trying to make another attempt.

Do not fear or worry too much if your child has colic as your baby will outgrow it. However, do consult your doctor if your baby screams constantly or if your baby’s colic attacks are accompanied with excessive vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. These symptoms may indicate a more serious problem.

[tags]colic baby, infant colic, soothing colic baby[/tags]

You can typically find free samples and discount coupons by navigating your browser directly to a manufacturer’s website. To find these websites, do an online search for your favorite brands of formula, diapers, and baby foods.

You can also often get free trial subscriptions to leading parenting magazines. At the time of this writing, you can get a free 6-month subscription to American Baby magazine and a free 12-month subscription to Baby Talk magazine directly at the publications’ websites.

A word of caution about signing up for baby freebies, newsletters, and sweepstakes. Make sure you read the fine print, as well as a site’s privacy policy before you enter your name and email address on the company’s registration form. Each time you are signing up for something, you are probably being put on a mailing list. You may want to have a secondary email address that you use only on registration pages and, if the page asks you if you would like additional mailings from partners, opt out. Read the rest

What causes colds?

Colds are upper respiratory tract infections caused by one of many different viruses. They’re most commonly spread when someone with a cold sneezes or coughs and unleashes a cold virus into the air to be inhaled by someone else. They can also commonly be transmitted through hand-to-hand contact, so always wash your hands after blowing your nose. Babies tend to get a lot of colds because they’re born with immune systems which function at about 60% of capacity.

How do colds affect babies?

Few things are more frustrating than a baby with a cold. A sick baby will probably have a fever (up to 101 degrees F / 38 degrees C), cough, reddened eyes, a sore throat, and runny nose. Your child may also be irritable and lose his appetite. Babies under six months old can’t breathe through their noses when they’re all stuffed up, so they have trouble breathing and eating. Children aren’t usually developmentally ready to blow their own noses until about the age of four, so you’ll have to help younger children clear the mucus.

If your baby has been sleeping through the night, you’ll be reminded of those first few weeks of life. He’ll probably wake up several times during the night due to his discomfort and difficulty breathing. Expect to be up with your baby, comforting him and wiping his nose.

How long do colds generally last?

Symptoms generally abate after three to 10 days, though in very young babies they may last up to two weeks. Most babies who have some exposure to older children will experience six to 10 colds during their first year; it may seem as if his nose is runny all winter long.

Can I help prevent my child from getting colds?

Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to protect your baby’s health, since as long as he’s breastfeeding, he’s getting your antibodies and your natural immunities. This isn’t a foolproof way to protect your baby’s health, but when breastfed babies do become ill, their cold symptoms are generally mild.

You can also try to protect your child by keeping him away from those who are ill and by asking all sick family members to wash their hands thoroughly before handling your baby or his things.

If you or your partner smoke, give it up, and refrain from taking your baby to areas where someone has been smoking. Children who live with cigarette smokers have more colds and their colds last longer than their peers who aren’t exposed to smoke.

When should I consult the doctor?

Do so at the first sign of illness if your child is less than three months old. In an older baby, call your doctor if a cold persists for more than five days; if your child’s temperature climbs above 102 degrees F / 39 degrees C; or if he has an earache, breathing problems, wheezing, a persistent cough, or a persistent, thick, green mucus running from his nose.

How do I treat a cold?

• There’s little you can do except ride it out, and help your child get plenty of rest and liquids (increase the amount of vitamin C-rich fruit juices). If he’s feverish, you can give him paracetamol suspension under a doctor’s direction. Don’t give him any cold remedies without consulting your GP or local pharmacist. In children under one year old, over-the-counter cold medications often do more harm than good, and cough medicines have been shown to be no better than a non-medicated syrup for easing symptoms. Nonetheless, there are some remedies to ease his discomfort:
• If your baby is congested, elevate the head of the mattress with an old towel or two. Sleeping at an incline may help relieve your baby’s postnasal drip. (Do not use pillows to prop your baby up — they can pose a suffocation hazard — or pillows under the mattress.)
• Because babies are too young to blow their noses, the best way to help them breathe more easily is to wipe their noses. You can also apply petroleum jelly to the outside of your baby’s nostrils to reduce irritation. If your child is having trouble breastfeeding with a stuffy nose, you may like to ask your GP to prescribe saline drops to apply to each nostril 15 minutes before a feed. Some parents then use a suction bulb to clear the nose of salt water and mucus.
• Try a cool mist vaporiser to moisten the air. Or take your baby into the bathroom with you, turn on the hot water or shower, close the door, and sit in the steamy room for about 15 minutes. Remember to change your baby into dry clothes after the steam bath.
• If your child has a stuffy nose without any other symptoms, check his nostrils for foreign objects. You never know: even little ones are capable of putting things up there.
  
  

Colds are a fact of life. Once you’ve survived your baby’s first one, you’ll know what to expect with the next.

Tags: baby cold medicine, baby cold cough, baby cold symptoms, infant colds, baby cold, baby cold remedies

Thomas Easterling, professor of obstetrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle answer:

Well, if you have a high fever in the first trimester when the baby is forming, it can cause neural tube defects. After the first trimester, having a fever puts a certain metabolic stress on the baby — you’re both burning up calories and oxygen faster, so it’s like the baby has a fever too. But it’s not dangerous unless the pregnancy is already on the edge. If you have cystic fibrosis or heart disease, for instance, a fever at that point could tip you over into more serious complications. A fever from the flu won’t directly hurt your baby after the first trimester, although pregnant women can get very sick from the flu and should be vaccinated against it. But if you’re totally healthy, a routine cold with a fever isn’t going to have much effect on either you or the baby.

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Sooner or later, your new baby will develop a fever. It would be a rare child who does not come down with some kind of illness that elevates their temperature. Babies can get fevers for a variety of reasons, and understanding the whys, can help you determine if you should call your doctor.

On a warm day, and over-dressed baby, particularly an active or squirmy one, can become flushed and hot. When their temperature is taken it is up. The first thing to do is remove some of the clothing, and place the child in a cool spot to rest or play quietly. Take their temperature again in 20-30 minutes, if there are no signs that their distress is increasing. Chances are, it will be headed back towards normal. Sometimes just a very active play session in hot weather, can make a toddler’s temperature go up, and the cure is the same: remove some clothes, and cool down by taking a break.

Why do baby get fevers?
Most fevers are the result of a child’s body fighting off an infection of some sort. As white blood cells become active and mount a defense, their temperature will rise, and they may develop other symptoms, including coughing, excessive crying, restlessness, listlessness, lack of appetite, unwillingness to drink, diarrhea and vomiting. But occasionally, fever is the only symptom, and many times, it does not seem to interfere with their activities or behavior.

Fever is part of the body’s way of fighting infection. Macrophages, the “clean-up” cells of the body, are constantly on patrol. When they find something that doesn’t belong — such as a virus, bacterium or fungus — they mop up as much as they can. At the same time, they call for help, signalling to the brain to raise the body’s temperature. The heat kills some types of bacteria directly. It also seems to speed up the body’s production of white blood cells and chemicals that kill germs.

Babies often get fevers after receiving immunisations; a fever may also accompany a severe cold, flu, sore throat, ear infection, respiratory illness (like pneumonia), croup, viral illness, and urinary tract infections.

How can I tell if my baby’s fever is serious?
More important than the actual temperature is your child’s behaviour. If she has a fever of 102 degrees F / 38.9 degrees C, is feeding well, responsive and easily comforted, you have less reason to worry than if her fever is 101 degrees F / 38.2 degrees C, she’s crying inconsolably and she’s limp and unresponsive. Contact your doctor if your baby is acting oddly, if she suddenly starts crying more than usual and you can’t comfort her in the usual ways, if she’s lethargic and not interested in feeding. You should be more cautious with a younger baby especially those under 3 months of age and doctors expect to do more checks on younger babies with fever.

Babies often get ill quickly but they also recover quickly. However, you should contact your doctor if a fever lasts longer than 3 days.

What is a febrile convulsion?
If your child’s temperature rises suddenly, causing her to turn pale, stiffen, twitch uncontrollably, and perhaps even lose consciousness, she’s having a fever-induced seizure, known as a febrile convulsion. It’s frightening to watch, but it rarely harms the child. Although they may seem to last forever, these seizures usually continue for only 20 seconds, and rarely more than two minutes. In the event that a convulsion lasts more than four minutes, call for an ambulance or take your baby to the Accident and Emergency department immediately.

While she’s having the seizure, don’t restrain your baby in any way. Just loosen any tight clothing and remove anything in her mouth, such as a dummy or food. (She won’t swallow her tongue.) Call your doctor when the seizure has finished.

How do I detect a fever?
Parents can usually tell if their child has a fever by touching or kissing her brow (studies show that this method is accurate about 75% of the time). Use a thermometer to get an exact reading. Don’t use an oral (mouth) thermometer until your child is three years old. If your baby is too young to have a thermometer in her mouth, a temperature reading taken from her armpit will be accurate enough to tell if she has a fever. Hold the bulb end of the thermometer in the child’s armpit with her elbow against her side for about five minutes (the newer digital thermometers beep when they’ve finished the measurement). Underarm readings register one or two degrees lower than internal readings, so make the adjustment upwards.

An ear thermometer is a quick and precise way to take your child’s temperature but is expensive to buy and requires a steady hand to get an exact reading. Alternatively, fever strips, which you hold on your child’s forehead, are less accurate but are useful with a squirming toddler.

What can I do to treat my baby’s fever?
You don’t need to treat a fever unless your child is very uncomfortable, or if she’s had febrile convulsions in the past. Here are some fever-soothing measures:

• If your child is more than eight weeks old and has a fever, you can give her a dose of paracetamol suspension such as Calpol or Disprol to bring down the temperature. Follow the dosage instructions carefully. The correct dose of ibuprofen can be given instead. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are not normally recommended for babies under two months and never give a baby or child under 16 aspirin, which has been linked to Reye’s syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal illness.
• Dress your baby in light, cotton clothing (don’t bundle a baby to burn out the fever).
• Keep her room cool. If necessary, place a fan near the cot, and use only a sheet or light blanket for covering.
• Give lots of fluids. Small babies need plenty of what they usually drink — breast milk or formula. If you’ve already introduced other drinks, offer ice lollies, clear soups, or diluted fruit juice.
• Try a sponge bath. Put your child in a shallow bath of lukewarm water, and rub her body, one area at a time, with a lightly wrung flannel or sponge. Don’t dry her off; let the water evaporate. This may make her feel more comfortable.

What shouldn’t I do?

• Don’t restrict your child to bed. Although she shouldn’t be allowed to over-exert herself, moderate activity is fine.
• Don’t starve a fever; sick babies need plenty of calories and liquids.
• Don’t worry too much. Some babies may have a fever and act perfectly fine, others may suffer a little, but with the right care, you’ll find your baby back to normal soon.

[tags]babies fever, infant fever, baby teething fever, baby fever temperature, fever in babies, baby ear infection fever, baby and fever[/tags]

We want you to thrive on this journey to motherhoos, and we have developed a special approach to care around your unique needs as a first-time mother.

Mother and baby experts from our hospital have shared their knowledge and expertise with others in the Sutter Health network to provide you with the best possible care. Together, we have established quality guidelines based on the experiences of more than 20,000 first-time mothers across our network and drawing upon scientific evidence of best practices for healthy pregnancy and safe delivery. As part of this effort, we have compiled the following information about childbirth and created these “First-Time Mothers Delivery Tips,” to recognize and support this magnificent time in your life:

For Early Labor

Because you have never experienced labor before, you may find it difficult to know if you are in labor. Before heading to the hospital, call your physician or midwife to discuss your labor symptoms.

It is common for first-time mothers to make more than one trip to the hospital. If you are in early labor (cervix is less than 3 centimeters) and sent home, the following activities may be helpful: walking, showering, resting, drinking fluids, renting a video, listening to music, etc.

Once you are in active labor, literature shows and we have found that admitting a first time mother to the hospital at this time is best for helping labor progress with minimal interventions and having a vaginal delivery. In active labor, the contractions are less than 5 minutes apart, lasting 45 to 60 seconds and the cervix is dilated 3 centimeters or more.

Although inducing labor may be needed for certain medical problems or prolonged pregnancies, induction for a first-time mother carries additional risk. Induction of labor for a first-time mother, (especially with a cervix that is nearly closed), doubles or triples the length of labor and possibility of a Cesarean birth. However, in subsequent pregnancies, the chances for a Cesarean delivery after induction are lower.

Comfort and Pain Management

Pain is a natural part of labor and every woman is unique in the level of pain she can tolerate. Women also have varying success with the kind of activities or interventions that can help decrease their labor pain and increase their comfort. Described below are three types of activities and interventions: comfort measures, medication and regional anesthesia.

Comfort Measures
There are several effective approaches to pain relief that every woman should try throughout labor. Any of the following approaches with which you feel comfortable can be used during your labor:

• Keeping a restful environment in your labor room (quiet, low lighting, soothing music). Carefully select support people for a calm environment
• Walking
• Water therapy (e.g., shower or tub)
• Sitting or leaning on a birthing ball or rocking chair
• Using various positions (e.g., all fours, sitting on the toilet, kneeling, squatting, pelvic rock) and supporting with pillows if necessary
• Massage/back rubs by support person
• Effleurage (light massage of abdomen)
• Having your partner or a support person rub a tennis ball over your lower back
• Applying warm or cold compresses
• Using relaxation/breathing techniques
• Prayers or religious ceremonies
• Guided meditation using calming imagery

Using several comfort techniques is an excellent way to involve first-time partners in supporting and working with you in the childbirth process.

Medication
For some women, as labor progresses and contractions become stronger, or they get too tired to cope, comfort measures no longer provide enough relief. Pain medications are commonly used at that point, and your physician or midwife will explain the benefits of each type and will help you select the appropriate medication that is safe for you and your baby. You may want to discuss medications in advance of labor with your doctor or midwife.

Medication may not totally eliminate labor pain, but can help ease it so you can better rest and cope with the discomfort. Continue to use comfort measures that help you relax as much as possible between contractions. Except in early labor, the most commonly used medications are short acting, minimizing the effect on the baby. For some women, no other medications are necessary to help cope with labor pains.

Regional Anesthesia (Epidural, Spinal or Intrathecal Medications)
If you reach a point in active labor that comfort measures and/or medication are no longer giving you adequate pain relief, your physician or midwife may order regional anesthesia to provide stronger pain relief. The anesthesiologist inserts a needle in your lower back to administer regional anesthesia. The goal of regional anesthesia, especially after your cervis is completely dilated, is to reach a balance between easing your feeling of pain and still feeling the urge to bear down to actively participate in delivering your baby. The various methods of regional anesthesia are discussed in the section on medications. Talk to your physician or midwife in advance of labor about regional anesthesia, and tour the hospital in order to find out what types of regional anesthesia are available.

Episiotomy

• Over the last ten years, the national trend has been to avoid routine episiotomies, only performing the procedure when necessary. What used to be a national episiotomy rate of 60 to 80 percent for first-time mothers has decreased to less than 20 percent.

• The main concern is that the episiotomy will extend into the rectum during delivery. This may lead to greater problems with bowel control (loss of gas or stool) both short and long term. Twenty years ago, the teaching was that episiotomy might prevent these problems. We now know that is not the case and episiotomy appears to actually increase the rate of these problems.
• For your first delivery, you are encouraged to discuss with your physician or midwife (and their partners if in a group practice) at one of your last prenatal appointments, or when you are in early labor, their use of episiotomies.
• Close to 70 percent of women will have a natural tear with the birth of their first baby, usually involving less tissue and trauma than an episiotomy.

Pushing

• Also known as the second stage of labor, pushing starts sometime after the cervix is completely dilated (10 centimeters).
• It is important to wait for the natural urge to bear down before starting active pushing. For years, women have been encouraged to push by “holding your breath and push as long and hard as you can.” Research has suggested that a woman’s spontaneous urge to push occurs 3 to 5 times during a contraction while the woman is exhaling and bearing down. If you use an epidural, you may be encouraged to rest until you have the sensation to push. Women who receive epidural anesthesia for labor may have difficulty pushing, especially if the strength of the anesthetic numbs the sensation to bear down. The practice of “delayed pushing” while waiting for the baby to passively come through the birth canal is currently being studied in women using epidurals as an alternative to routine pushing at 10 centimeter
• There may be circumstances, such as having a strong regional anesthetic, or an arrest of labor, where you may not feel the urge to push. In the event of such a circumstance, you will be assisted with pushing.
• Upright positioning of sitting, squatting or standing allows gravity to help you push.
• Allowing the baby’s head to gradually stretch the tissue at the outlet of the vagina (perineum) will reduce the risk of a significant tear. Delivering on your side is associated with fewer significant tears.
• During second stage labor, your uterus pushes the baby down the birth canal (passive descent).
• Perineal massage (gradual stretching of the vaginal and perineal tissues) from 36 weeks on has been associated with fewer perineal tears. Ask your physician or midwife for information on perineal massage.
• If your obstetrician or midwife is concerned about you or your baby’s health, he or she may opt to shorten the second stage of labor by using a vacuum extractor or forceps on the baby’s head (performed by the physician). These procedures rarely cary a health risk to you or your baby.
• The breathing techniques used for pushing vary and depend upon what works best for you

Breastfeeding

• It is important to put the baby to breast 30 to 60 minutes after birth.
• Within the first hour of life, your baby is most alert and interested in nursing. Your baby is eager to meet you and needs the colostrum (initial fluid from your breast) for energy and protection against infection.
• After the first 1 to 2 hours, your baby will become sleepy and more difficult to nurse.

[tags]baby delivery, baby delivered, childbirth, first time mother tips, how deliver a baby, baby delivery process[/tags]

What it Looks Like:
Baby acne, also called infant or infantile acne, looks like a rough, red rash. It’s most common on the infant’s cheeks and nose, although it can appear anywhere on the face and back. Comedones and papules will be present, and possibly some small pustules. Baby acne may come and go, and tends to look worse when the baby is fussy or crying.

Baby acne is usually seen on the cheeks, chin, and forehead. It can be present at birth but usually develops around 3 to 4 weeks of age. Baby acne occurs when hormonal changes in the body stimulate oil glands in the baby’s skin. The condition can look worse when the baby is crying or fussy, or any other instance that increases blood flow to the skin. Baby acne is harmless and usually resolves on its own within several weeks.

If you suspect your baby has acne, you should check with your pediatrician. Many other conditions common in infants, such as eczema, erythema toxicum, and heat rash, can resemble baby acne.

Baby Acne Treatment: Read the rest

As you journey through the months of pregnancy, your body goes through many changes — both physical and hormonal. When this happens, you face some new obstacles in your sex life. A big question that is often asked is: “What are some good sex positions during pregnancy?” The answer to this question depends on a couple of factors, including:

• The trimester you are in
• Whether you are having a high-risk pregnancy.

Remember, there are many ways that you can still enjoy sex with your constantly changing body shape!

When thinking about sex positions during pregnancy, keep the following suggestions in mind:

• It is best to try positions that do not put your partner’s weight on your abdomen. This can help you avoid unnecessary discomfort. Your baby is protected inside of you — the uterus is quite a safe place for your baby — so you do not need to worry that sex will hurt your baby (always clear it with your healthcare provider first, though).
• You do not want your partner to thrust or penetrate too deeply. This can irritate the cervix. You and your partner can work together to find some comfortable positions that are satisfying and work for both of you.

The best way to find the most comfortable positions for sex during pregnancy is to explore and experiment; but here are a few positions to get you started:

Side-Lying: Front to Back
For the side-lying front to back sex position, have your partner lay behind you (like the spoons position) and enter you from behind. It may be helpful for you to support your upper leg with a pillow.

Side-Lying: Front to Front
The side-lying front to front position won’t work as well later in pregnancy, as your belly grows, but try it early on. The advantages to side-lying front to front include being able to see your partner and not having pressure on your belly. Again, it may help to support your upper leg with a pillow.

Partner on Top
As you progress through pregnancy, having your partner on top of you can become uncomfortable. So a little modification to this sex position during pregnancy is to have your partner on top, with his weight supported by his arms. This way, he is not pushing on your belly, yet you are still able to enjoy this position. Do not stay on your back for very long periods of time while pregnant, though, as the extra weight of your baby can put added pressure on your abdomen and eventually your aorta, making you pass out.

Back Entry
For this sex position, you are on your hands and knees with your partner behind you. This position will work very well, especially as your move later in your pregnancy and your belly gets bigger. There is no extra weight on your belly, and your partner will have room to maneuver. This position can allow deeper penetration, so remind your partner not to thrust too deep.

Partner’s Lap
This sex position is pretty self-explanatory — sit in your partner’s lap. For a little variety, have your partner sit on a chair, and sit facing him.

Woman on Top
One of the advantages of the on-top position during pregnancy is that you can support the weight on your knees, either facing towards or away from your partner, while he is lying down. This position avoids unnecessary weight on your belly; it also allows room for your growing belly.

Final Thoughts on Sex Positions During Pregnancy

Sex during pregnancy is just another part of your changing life. It can be a fun, bonding experience for both you and your partner. Always be open in communication, and let your partner know if something is uncomfortable. Also, if you get to a point where the actual act of intercourse is not comfortable anymore, there are other ways to be sensual together, such as oral sex or massage.

Tips for Better Sex During Pregnancy

1. Think round, think big. Consider what you’re getting and not what you’re losing. Your new roundness provides more surface area for your lover to see and touch. Any time you feel yourself falling back into your old mindset, call a friend who’s been there and ask her to talk you out of it. Stand in front of a mirror and embrace the new version of yourself. Take pride in your “new” body – give it the respect it deserves.
2. Give yourself a sexy look. Just because your body is getting bigger doesn’t mean you shouldn’t look your best. Treat yourself to a new hairstyle, change your make-up, and buy a new nightgown revealing what’s appealing. This is likely to spark your mate and push your sexual image up a notch.
3. Act sexier than you feel. Social scientists have shown that acting can affect feeling. Smiling, for example, causes your brain to release the same chemicals it would if you were actually happy – thereby making you happier. If you act unsexy, you may cause your partner to feel unsexy, making him retreat. If you act sexy, you may soon surprise yourself with feeling sexy!
4. You are attractive to your mate. If you convince yourself that your blossoming belly is no longer attractive to your husband, you are setting yourself up for a sexual slow down. Besides, this probably isn’t true. It’s the different shape that attracts males. And certainly during pregnancy you will look and act differently than at any other time in your relationship. Research doesn’t support your assumption that you are not attractive to your mate; most men find their wives’ newly rounded bodies appealing. Your mate is likely to love the fleshy feel and curvy look of your pregnant body. Add to these features the possibility that once you are past the yucky early months of pregnancy you are initiating lovemaking and your mate is likely to feel excited about your sexuality while pregnant.
5. Have a sex talk. Tell your mate about the way pregnancy is affecting your sexuality; and ask your mate to tell you how he feels about your new look. Each partner should explain his or her feelings. Be sure that he does not interpret your disinterest in sex as disinterest in him, for example, or you don’t assume his confusion over how to touch you now means he’s not interested. By the same token, avoid projecting your sexual uneasiness onto your mate. He will probably find you more attractive than ever.
6. Share your body. Be sure to include your husband in the pregnancy by being proud of – rather than hiding – your body’s milestones: your darkened nipples, the first tummy bulge. Focus on what is new and exciting that you will both enjoy only during pregnancy. For example, your new breasts will be “all his” for the rest of the pregnancy – what a turn on, without resorting to silicone! Lie nude together watching and feeling the baby move. Your mate will enjoy side views that he has never before seen. One fun project can be taking “as you grow” photos, month-by-month photos showing, from all angles, your changing pregnant image. Your mate will enjoy his “pin-up wall.”
7. Have a fling. Have periodic weekend “dates” before baby arrives; after he or she comes you will have less energy for each other. The best time for ambitious sexual retreats is during the middle months of pregnancy, but make an effort to spend romantic time enjoying each other throughout the pregnancy.
8. Avoid the “sex as a service” feeling. While for most couples a certain amount of “obligatory” sex is usual during pregnancy, don’t let your mate feel you are always “servicing” him (or her!), even though sometimes you are.

Tags: intercourse during pregnancy, safe pregnancy, safe intercourse positions while pregnant, sexuality during pregnancy

The answer is usually yes. As long as you are having a healthy pregnancy, sex will be safe. If you have had bleeding or other complications, it is important to check with your healthcare provider before doing so. Don’t worry, the baby is protected very well in the amniotic sac. It will cushion the activity for him or her. One thing to keep in mind is to not have your partner penetrate too deeply, as this could irritate your cervix. Otherwise, have fun!

Physical Changes Bring Pleasure or Pain

The changes in the sexual organs that accompany pregnancy can lead to one woman’s pleasure and another woman’s pain. The same hormones that prepare your body to birth and nourish your baby also change the way your body experiences sex. During pregnancy, your breasts become increasingly full and your nipples become larger and more sensitive; during lovemaking blood flow to your breasts increases even more. While your more voluptuous look may be a turn-on for your mate, heightened breast sensitivity can be either irritating or stimulating for you, depending on where you are in your pregnancy.

photo credit: makelessnoise

Most books advise that inconsolable babies should be put down and allowed to cry. Fortunately, that’s not true and some simple tips will quickly turn you into a world-class baby calmer!