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		<title>Howard Zinn&#8217;s Recommended Reading List for Activists Who Want to Change the World</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/howard-zinns-recommended-reading-list-for-activists-interested-in-making-their-own-history.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/howard-zinns-recommended-reading-list-for-activists-interested-in-making-their-own-history.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Feb 2022 12:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098676</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098681" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks.png" alt="" width="1456" height="930" />
<p align="right"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Howard_Zinn_at_lectern_cropped.jpg"><small><em>Image by via Wikimedia Commons</em></small></a></p>
Back in college, I spotted <em><a href="http://amzn.to/IAnQhr">A People's History of the United States</a> </em>in the bags and on the bookshelves of many a fellow undergraduate. By that time, Howard Zinn's alternative telling of the American story had been popular reading material for a couple of decades, just as it presumably remains a couple more decades on. Even now, a dozen years after Zinn's death, his ideas about how to approach U.S. history through non-standard points of view remain widely influential. Just last month, <a href="https://radicalreads.com/howard-zinn-favorite-books/">Radical Reads </a>featured the reading list he originally <a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">drew up for the <em>Socialist Worker</em></a>, pitched at "activists interested in making their own history."

<a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">Zinn's recommendations</a> naturally include the work of other historians, from Gary Nash's <a href="https://amzn.to/3LDDskS"><i>Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early America</i></a> ("a pioneering work of 'multiculturalism' dealing with racial interactions in the colonial period") to Vincent Harding's <a href="https://amzn.to/3rO6JkE"><i>There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America</i></a> (an "excellent start on Black history") to Samuel Yellen's <a href="https://amzn.to/34KUQDn"><i>American Labor Struggles</i></a> (which "brings to life the great labor conflicts of American history").

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

<a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">His suggested books</a> cover not just the 20th century but eras like the Civil War, and even, extensively, the time of Christopher Columbus. For those who take their analyses of the past in comically illustrated form, Zinn also highlights Larry Gonick's <a href="https://amzn.to/3gOh5Lk"><i>The Cartoon History of the United States</i></a> as "funny and remarkably rich in its content."

Certain Zinn picks stand out as being of special interest to Open Culture readers. These include Noam Chomsky's <a href="https://amzn.to/3LtGRTb" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0896084442?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0896084442&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1seyk0akoDHbm02Rybt7pK"><i>Year 501</i></a>, in which "the nation's most distinguished intellectual rebel gives us huge amounts of information about recent American foreign policy"; Richard Hofstadter's <a href="https://amzn.to/36f6MxL" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0679723153?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0679723153&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jWKOBW3CcOo-SUvn9k0Ta"><i>The American Political Tradition</i></a>, with its "iconoclastic view of American political leaders, including Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson and the two Roosevelts, suggesting more consensus than difference at the top of the political hierarchy"; and W.E.B. DuBois' <a href="https://amzn.to/3rN3uKr" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0684856573?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0684856573&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3T29-LYHkB4MfIOTjCbqwe"><i>Black Reconstruction</i></a>, "a direct counter to the traditional racist accounts of Reconstruction, presenting the narrative from the Black point of view." Zinn also praises <a href="https://amzn.to/3rYzKdP" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0553372122?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0553372122&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0ZbBguecCwHb3YiQH5VHh4"><i>The Sixties</i></a>, "a vivid history, well-written, thoughtful, by one of the activists of that era": <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/05/us/todd-gitlin-dead.html">Todd Gitlin</a>, who died earlier this month.

Despite its understandable inclination toward nonfiction, <a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">Zinn's list</a> also has room for several classic American novels like John Steinbeck's <a href="https://amzn.to/3Bk4w3M" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0143039431?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0143039431&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2LbhUC5krfRycCcUrydIzU"><i>The Grapes of Wrath</i></a>, Richard Wright's <a href="https://amzn.to/3LsKx7w" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061443085?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0061443085&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3BzFv2ea6QnGtQP_hAP08-"><i>Black Boy</i></a>, and Zora Neale Hurston's <a href="https://amzn.to/3Jutro8" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061120065?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0061120065&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0gnyi589sT6SY_Zd3g9UEf"><i>Their Eyes Were Watching God</i></a>. You may remember some of these books from your own high-school and university days, but whatever you got out of them back then, you'll experience them more richly by revisiting them now, deeper into your own intellectual journey. As Zinn's own life and work demonstrated, you can always find more angles from which to view the political, social, and cultural history of your county — the farther removed from those you were shown in school, the better.

via <a href="https://radicalreads.com/howard-zinn-favorite-books/">Radical Reads</a>

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/03/matt-damon-reads-howard-zinns-the-problem-is-civil-obedience.html">Matt Damon Reads Howard Zinn’s “The Problem is Civil Obedience,” a Call for Americans to Take Action</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/african-american-history-modern-freedom-struggle-a-free-course-from-stanford">African-American History: Modern Freedom Struggle (A Free Course from Stanford)</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/what-the-classroom-didnt-teach-me-about-the-american-empire.html">Howard Zinn’s “What the Classroom Didn’t Teach Me About the American Empire”: An Illustrated Video Narrated by Viggo Mortensen</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/american-literature-from-the-beginnings-to-the-civil-war-a-free-online-course-from-nyu">American Literature, From the Beginnings to the Civil War: A Free Online Course from NYU</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/noam-chomsky-defines-what-it-means-to-be-a-truly-educated-person.html">Noam Chomsky Defines What It Means to Be a Truly Educated Person</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/adorn-your-garden-with-howard-the-zinn-monk.html">Adorn Your Garden with Howard the Zinn Monk</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098681" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks.png" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks.png 1456w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks-360x230.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks-1024x654.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks-240x153.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14225810/zinnbooks-768x491.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px" width="500"/></p>
<p align="right"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Howard_Zinn_at_lectern_cropped.jpg"><small><em>Image by via Wikimedia Commons</em></small></a></p>
<p>Back in college, I spotted <em><a href="http://amzn.to/IAnQhr">A People’s History of the United States</a> </em>in the bags and on the bookshelves of many a fellow undergraduate. By that time, Howard Zinn’s alternative telling of the American story had been popular reading material for a couple of decades, just as it presumably remains a couple more decades on. Even now, a dozen years after Zinn’s death, his ideas about how to approach U.S. history through non-standard points of view remain widely influential. Just last month, <a href="https://radicalreads.com/howard-zinn-favorite-books/">Radical Reads </a>featured the reading list he originally <a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">drew up for the <em>Socialist Worker</em></a>, pitched at “activists interested in making their own history.”</p>
<p><a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">Zinn’s recommendations</a> naturally include the work of other historians, from Gary Nash’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3LDDskS"><i>Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early America</i></a> (“a pioneering work of ‘multiculturalism’ dealing with racial interactions in the colonial period”) to Vincent Harding’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3rO6JkE"><i>There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America</i></a> (an “excellent start on Black history”) to Samuel Yellen’s <a href="https://amzn.to/34KUQDn"><i>American Labor Struggles</i></a> (which “brings to life the great labor conflicts of American history”).</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
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<p><a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">His suggested books</a> cover not just the 20th century but eras like the Civil War, and even, extensively, the time of Christopher Columbus. For those who take their analyses of the past in comically illustrated form, Zinn also highlights Larry Gonick’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3gOh5Lk"><i>The Cartoon History of the United States</i></a> as “funny and remarkably rich in its content.”</p>
<p>Certain Zinn picks stand out as being of special interest to Open Culture readers. These include Noam Chomsky’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3LtGRTb" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0896084442?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0896084442&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1seyk0akoDHbm02Rybt7pK"><i>Year 501</i></a>, in which “the nation’s most distinguished intellectual rebel gives us huge amounts of information about recent American foreign policy”; Richard Hofstadter’s <a href="https://amzn.to/36f6MxL" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0679723153?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0679723153&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jWKOBW3CcOo-SUvn9k0Ta"><i>The American Political Tradition</i></a>, with its “iconoclastic view of American political leaders, including Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson and the two Roosevelts, suggesting more consensus than difference at the top of the political hierarchy”; and W.E.B. DuBois’ <a href="https://amzn.to/3rN3uKr" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0684856573?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0684856573&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3T29-LYHkB4MfIOTjCbqwe"><i>Black Reconstruction</i></a>, “a direct counter to the traditional racist accounts of Reconstruction, presenting the narrative from the Black point of view.” Zinn also praises <a href="https://amzn.to/3rYzKdP" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0553372122?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0553372122&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0ZbBguecCwHb3YiQH5VHh4"><i>The Sixties</i></a>, “a vivid history, well-written, thoughtful, by one of the activists of that era”: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/05/us/todd-gitlin-dead.html">Todd Gitlin</a>, who died earlier this month.</p>
<p>Despite its understandable inclination toward nonfiction, <a href="https://socialistworker.org/2010/02/05/peoples-history-reading-list">Zinn’s list</a> also has room for several classic American novels like John Steinbeck’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3Bk4w3M" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0143039431?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0143039431&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2LbhUC5krfRycCcUrydIzU"><i>The Grapes of Wrath</i></a>, Richard Wright’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3LsKx7w" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061443085?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0061443085&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3BzFv2ea6QnGtQP_hAP08-"><i>Black Boy</i></a>, and Zora Neale Hurston’s <a href="https://amzn.to/3Jutro8" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061120065?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dsocialistwork-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D0061120065&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1644979279295000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0gnyi589sT6SY_Zd3g9UEf"><i>Their Eyes Were Watching God</i></a>. You may remember some of these books from your own high-school and university days, but whatever you got out of them back then, you’ll experience them more richly by revisiting them now, deeper into your own intellectual journey. As Zinn’s own life and work demonstrated, you can always find more angles from which to view the political, social, and cultural history of your county — the farther removed from those you were shown in school, the better.</p>
<p>via <a href="https://radicalreads.com/howard-zinn-favorite-books/">Radical Reads</a></p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/03/matt-damon-reads-howard-zinns-the-problem-is-civil-obedience.html">Matt Damon Reads Howard Zinn’s “The Problem is Civil Obedience,” a Call for Americans to Take Action</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/african-american-history-modern-freedom-struggle-a-free-course-from-stanford">African-American History: Modern Freedom Struggle (A Free Course from Stanford)</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/what-the-classroom-didnt-teach-me-about-the-american-empire.html">Howard Zinn’s “What the Classroom Didn’t Teach Me About the American Empire”: An Illustrated Video Narrated by Viggo Mortensen</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/american-literature-from-the-beginnings-to-the-civil-war-a-free-online-course-from-nyu">American Literature, From the Beginnings to the Civil War: A Free Online Course from NYU</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/noam-chomsky-defines-what-it-means-to-be-a-truly-educated-person.html">Noam Chomsky Defines What It Means to Be a Truly Educated Person</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/adorn-your-garden-with-howard-the-zinn-monk.html">Adorn Your Garden with Howard the Zinn Monk</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
&#13;<!-- permalink:https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/howard-zinns-recommended-reading-list-for-activists-interested-in-making-their-own-history.html-->]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Google App Uses Machine Learning to Discover Your Pet’s Look Alike in 10,000 Classic Works of Art</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/google-app-uses-machine-learning-to-discover-your-pets-look-alike-in-10000-classic-works-of-art.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/google-app-uses-machine-learning-to-discover-your-pets-look-alike-in-10000-classic-works-of-art.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ayun Halliday]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Feb 2022 09:00:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[K-12]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Museums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Photography]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098648</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098683" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits.png" alt="" width="1979" height="1400" />
Does your cat fancy herself a 21st-century incarnation of <a href="https://egyptianmuseum.org/deities-Bastet">Bastet</a>, the Egyptian <a href="https://www.grunge.com/234849/bastet-a-guide-to-the-egyptian-cat-goddess/">Goddess of the Rising Sun, protector of the household, aka The Lady of Slaughter</a>?

If so, you should definitely permit her to download <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">the Google Arts &amp; Culture app</a> on your phone to take a selfie using the Pet Portraits feature.

Remember all the fun you had back in 2018 when the <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/01/googles-free-app-analyzes-your-selfie-and-then-finds-your-doppelganger-in-museum-portraits.html">Art Selfie</a> feature mistook you for <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/portret-van-willem-ii-prins-van-oranje/BQFDbG2XwDw1kg">William II, Prince of Orange</a> or the woman in "<a href="http://emuseum.toledomuseum.org/objects/55302/jacob-cornelisz-van-oostsanen-painting-a-portrait-of-his-wi">Jacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen Painting a Portrait of His Wife"</a>?

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

Surely your pet will be just as excited to let a machine-learning algorithm trawl tens of thousands of artworks from Google Arts &amp; Culture’s <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner?tab=az">partnering museums</a>’ collections, looking for doppelgängers.

Or maybe it'll just view it as one more example of human folly, if a far lesser evil than our predilection for <a href="https://www.boredpanda.com/halloween-cat-costumes/">pet costumes</a>.

Should your pet wish to know more about the artworks it resembles, you can tap the results to explore them in depth.
<p class="p3"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098685" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3.jpeg" alt="" width="1200" height="630" /></p>
Dogs, fish, birds, reptiles, horses, and rabbits can play along too, though anyone hailing from the <a href="https://arthive.com/encyclopedia/4303~Mice_and_rats_in_art_from_love_to_hate">rodent family</a> will find themselves shut out.

<a href="https://mashable.com/article/google-art-culture-pet-portraits">Mashable</a> reports that “uploading a stock image of a mouse returned drawings of wolves.”

We can't blame your pet <a href="https://arthistoryproject.com/subjects/animals/snakes/">snake</a> for fuming.

Ditto your <a href="https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/pigs-in-painting/">Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig</a>.

Though your pet ferret probably doesn’t need an app (or a crystal ball) to know <a href="https://www.leonardodavinci.net/lady-with-an-ermine.jsp">what its result would be</a>. Better than an <a href="https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/46910/when-did-medieval-monarchs-start-being-depicted-with-ermine-fur-garments">ermine collar</a>, anyway…
<p class="p6"><span class="s4"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098686" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4.jpg" alt="" width="1440" height="1440" />
</span>If your pet is game and falls within Pet Portraits approved species parameters, here are the steps to follow:</p>

<ol>
 	<li>Launch the Google Arts &amp; Culture app and select the Camera button. Scroll to the Pet Portraits option.</li>
 	<li>Have your pet take a selfie. (Or alternatively, upload a saved image.)</li>
 	<li>Give the app a few seconds (or minutes) to return multiple results with similarity percentages.</li>
</ol>
Download <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">the Google Arts &amp; Culture app</a> <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">here</a>.
<p class="p11"><span class="s1">- <a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s12"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a></span><span class="s13"><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/"><span class="s14"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/microcosmpublishing/creative-not-famous-the-small-potato-manifesto"><span class="s14"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i>.  Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s14"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p>
<strong>Related Content:</strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to Google’s Free App Analyzes Your Selfie and Then Finds Your Doppelganger in Museum Portraits" href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/01/googles-free-app-analyzes-your-selfie-and-then-finds-your-doppelganger-in-museum-portraits.html" rel="bookmark">Google’s Free App Analyzes Your Selfie and Then Finds Your Doppelganger in Museum Portraits</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Construct Your Own Bayeux Tapestry with This Free Online App" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/06/construct-your-own-bayeux-tapestry-with-this-free-online-app.html" rel="bookmark">Construct Your Own Bayeux Tapestry with This Free Online App</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to A Gallery of 1,800 Gigapixel Images of Classic Paintings: See Vermeer’s &lt;i&gt;Girl with the Pearl Earring&lt;/i&gt;, Van Gogh’s &lt;i&gt;Starry Night&lt;/i&gt; &amp; Other Masterpieces in Close Detail" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/07/a-gallery-of-1800-super-high-resolution-images-of-classic-paintings.html" rel="bookmark">A Gallery of 1,800 Gigapixel Images of Classic Paintings: See Vermeer’s Girl with the Pearl Earring, Van Gogh’s Starry Night &amp; Other Masterpieces in Close Detail</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098683" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits.png" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits.png 1979w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits-360x255.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits-1024x724.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits-240x170.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits-768x543.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230013/pet-portraits-1536x1087.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1979px) 100vw, 1979px" width="500"/><br/>
Does your cat fancy herself a 21st-century incarnation of <a href="https://egyptianmuseum.org/deities-Bastet">Bastet</a>, the Egyptian <a href="https://www.grunge.com/234849/bastet-a-guide-to-the-egyptian-cat-goddess/">Goddess of the Rising Sun, protector of the household, aka The Lady of Slaughter</a>?</p>
<p>If so, you should definitely permit her to download <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">the Google Arts &amp; Culture app</a> on your phone to take a selfie using the Pet Portraits feature.</p>
<p>Remember all the fun you had back in 2018 when the <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/01/googles-free-app-analyzes-your-selfie-and-then-finds-your-doppelganger-in-museum-portraits.html">Art Selfie</a> feature mistook you for <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/portret-van-willem-ii-prins-van-oranje/BQFDbG2XwDw1kg">William II, Prince of Orange</a> or the woman in “<a href="http://emuseum.toledomuseum.org/objects/55302/jacob-cornelisz-van-oostsanen-painting-a-portrait-of-his-wi">Jacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen Painting a Portrait of His Wife”</a>?</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
</div>

<p>Surely your pet will be just as excited to let a machine-learning algorithm trawl tens of thousands of artworks from Google Arts &amp; Culture’s <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner?tab=az">partnering museums</a>’ collections, looking for doppelgängers.</p>
<p>Or maybe it’ll just view it as one more example of human folly, if a far lesser evil than our predilection for <a href="https://www.boredpanda.com/halloween-cat-costumes/">pet costumes</a>.</p>
<p>Should your pet wish to know more about the artworks it resembles, you can tap the results to explore them in depth.</p>
<p class="p3"><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098685" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3.jpeg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3-360x189.jpeg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3-1024x538.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3-240x126.jpeg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3-768x403.jpeg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230134/pet-portraits3-470x246.jpeg 470w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" width="500"/></p>
<p>Dogs, fish, birds, reptiles, horses, and rabbits can play along too, though anyone hailing from the <a href="https://arthive.com/encyclopedia/4303~Mice_and_rats_in_art_from_love_to_hate">rodent family</a> will find themselves shut out.</p>
<p><a href="https://mashable.com/article/google-art-culture-pet-portraits">Mashable</a> reports that “uploading a stock image of a mouse returned drawings of wolves.”</p>
<p>We can’t blame your pet <a href="https://arthistoryproject.com/subjects/animals/snakes/">snake</a> for fuming.</p>
<p>Ditto your <a href="https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/pigs-in-painting/">Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig</a>.</p>
<p>Though your pet ferret probably doesn’t need an app (or a crystal ball) to know <a href="https://www.leonardodavinci.net/lady-with-an-ermine.jsp">what its result would be</a>. Better than an <a href="https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/46910/when-did-medieval-monarchs-start-being-depicted-with-ermine-fur-garments">ermine collar</a>, anyway…</p>
<p class="p6"><span class="s4"><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098686" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4.jpg 1440w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4-360x360.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/14230158/petportraits4-768x768.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" width="500"/><br/>
</span>If your pet is game and falls within Pet Portraits approved species parameters, here are the steps to follow:</p>
<ol>
<li>Launch the Google Arts &amp; Culture app and select the Camera button. Scroll to the Pet Portraits option.</li>
<li>Have your pet take a selfie. (Or alternatively, upload a saved image.)</li>
<li>Give the app a few seconds (or minutes) to return multiple results with similarity percentages.</li>
</ol>
<p>Download <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">the Google Arts &amp; Culture app</a> <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/camera/pet-portraits">here</a>.</p>
<p class="p11"><span class="s1">– <a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s12"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a></span><span class="s13"><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/"><span class="s14"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/microcosmpublishing/creative-not-famous-the-small-potato-manifesto"><span class="s14"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i>.  Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s14"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p>
<p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Google’s Free App Analyzes Your Selfie and Then Finds Your Doppelganger in Museum Portraits" href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/01/googles-free-app-analyzes-your-selfie-and-then-finds-your-doppelganger-in-museum-portraits.html" rel="bookmark">Google’s Free App Analyzes Your Selfie and Then Finds Your Doppelganger in Museum Portraits</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Construct Your Own Bayeux Tapestry with This Free Online App" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/06/construct-your-own-bayeux-tapestry-with-this-free-online-app.html" rel="bookmark">Construct Your Own Bayeux Tapestry with This Free Online App</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to A Gallery of 1,800 Gigapixel Images of Classic Paintings: See Vermeer’s &lt;i&gt;Girl with the Pearl Earring&lt;/i&gt;, Van Gogh’s &lt;i&gt;Starry Night&lt;/i&gt; &amp; Other Masterpieces in Close Detail" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/07/a-gallery-of-1800-super-high-resolution-images-of-classic-paintings.html" rel="bookmark">A Gallery of 1,800 Gigapixel Images of Classic Paintings: See Vermeer’s Girl with the Pearl Earring, Van Gogh’s Starry Night &amp; Other Masterpieces in Close Detail</a></p>
&#13;<!-- permalink:https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/google-app-uses-machine-learning-to-discover-your-pets-look-alike-in-10000-classic-works-of-art.html-->]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>Ivan Reitman&#8217;s First Film “Orientation” (1968)</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/ivan-reitmans-first-film-orientation-1968.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/ivan-reitmans-first-film-orientation-1968.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[OC]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Feb 2022 01:58:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Film]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098668</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6U2JbefTzCM

Last night, we sadly learned of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/14/movies/ivan-reitman-dead.html?smid=tw-nytimes&amp;smtyp=cur">the passing of Ivan Reitman</a>, director of many beloved comedies--<em>Meatballs</em> (1979), <em>Stripes</em> (1981), <em>Ghostbusters</em> (1984), and beyond.

Born in Czechoslovakia in 1946--his mother an Auschwitz survivor and his father an underground resistance fighter--Reitman moved to Canada as a young child, where he eventually attended <a href="https://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/125/POI_Bios/Reitman_Bio.html">McMaster University.</a> And there he "produced and directed <em>Orientation</em> [in 1968], the most successful student film ever made in Canada," <a href="https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1970/11/1/the-magic-and-decidedly-ungroovy-garden-of-film-maker-ivan-reitman">writes Macleans</a>. "Produced at a cost of $1,800 while Reitman was president of the McMaster University Film Board, <em>Orientation</em> — the story of a freshman during his first week at university — was acquired by Twentieth CenturyFox of Canada as a “featurette” to accompany <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_and_Mary_(film)">John And Mary</a> in first-run engagements across the country." "It earned $15,000 in rentals and continues to be in demand..." You can watch it above, or on <a href="http://digitalarchive.mcmaster.ca/islandora/object/macrepo%3A75805">McMaster's website</a>.

For anyone interested in hearing Reitman discuss his development as a filmmaker, we'd recommend <a href="http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/repost-ivan-reitman-from-2014">listening to his 2014 interview with Marc Maron</a>.

<strong>Related Content </strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to Watch 3,000+ Films Free Online from the National Film Board of Canada" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/03/watch-3000-films-free-from-the-national-film-board-of-canada-2.html" rel="bookmark">Watch 3,000+ Films Free Online from the National Film Board of Canada</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Listen to Bill Murray Lead a Guided Meditation on How It Feels to Be Bill Murray" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/listen-to-bill-murray-lead-a-guided-mediation-on-how-it-feels-to-be-bill-murray.html" rel="bookmark">Listen to Bill Murray Lead a Guided Meditation on How It Feels to Be Bill Murray</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Bill Murray Explains How a 19th-Century Painting Saved His Life" href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/03/bill-murray-explains-how-a-19th-century-painting-saved-his-life.html" rel="bookmark">Bill Murray Explains How a 19th-Century Painting Saved His Life</a>

&nbsp;]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098668"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/6U2JbefTzCM/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Last night, we sadly learned of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/14/movies/ivan-reitman-dead.html?smid=tw-nytimes&amp;smtyp=cur">the passing of Ivan Reitman</a>, director of many beloved comedies–<em>Meatballs</em> (1979), <em>Stripes</em> (1981), <em>Ghostbusters</em> (1984), and beyond.</p>
<p>Born in Czechoslovakia in 1946–his mother an Auschwitz survivor and his father an underground resistance fighter–Reitman moved to Canada as a young child, where he eventually attended <a href="https://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/125/POI_Bios/Reitman_Bio.html">McMaster University.</a> And there he “produced and directed <em>Orientation</em> [in 1968], the most successful student film ever made in Canada,” <a href="https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1970/11/1/the-magic-and-decidedly-ungroovy-garden-of-film-maker-ivan-reitman">writes Macleans</a>. “Produced at a cost of $1,800 while Reitman was president of the McMaster University Film Board, <em>Orientation</em> — the story of a freshman during his first week at university — was acquired by Twentieth CenturyFox of Canada as a “featurette” to accompany <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_and_Mary_(film)">John And Mary</a> in first-run engagements across the country.” “It earned $15,000 in rentals and continues to be in demand…” You can watch it above, or on <a href="http://digitalarchive.mcmaster.ca/islandora/object/macrepo%3A75805">McMaster’s website</a>.</p>
<p>For anyone interested in hearing Reitman discuss his development as a filmmaker, we’d recommend <a href="http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/repost-ivan-reitman-from-2014">listening to his 2014 interview with Marc Maron</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Related Content </strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Watch 3,000+ Films Free Online from the National Film Board of Canada" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/03/watch-3000-films-free-from-the-national-film-board-of-canada-2.html" rel="bookmark">Watch 3,000+ Films Free Online from the National Film Board of Canada</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Listen to Bill Murray Lead a Guided Meditation on How It Feels to Be Bill Murray" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/listen-to-bill-murray-lead-a-guided-mediation-on-how-it-feels-to-be-bill-murray.html" rel="bookmark">Listen to Bill Murray Lead a Guided Meditation on How It Feels to Be Bill Murray</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Bill Murray Explains How a 19th-Century Painting Saved His Life" href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/03/bill-murray-explains-how-a-19th-century-painting-saved-his-life.html" rel="bookmark">Bill Murray Explains How a 19th-Century Painting Saved His Life</a></p>
<p> </p>
&#13;<!-- permalink:https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/ivan-reitmans-first-film-orientation-1968.html-->]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>The First Illustrated Edition of James Joyce&#8217;s Ulysses Gets Published, Featuring the Work of Spanish Artist Eduardo Arroyo</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/a-new-illustrated-edition-of-james-joyces-ulysses-gets-published.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/a-new-illustrated-edition-of-james-joyces-ulysses-gets-published.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Feb 2022 16:35:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098654</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098662" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce.jpg" alt="" width="1400" height="2116" />

This year will see <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">the long-delayed publication of a version of <em>Ulysses</em> that Joyce didn't want you to read</a> — not James Joyce, mind you, but the author's grandson Stephen Joyce. Up until his death in 2020, Stephen Joyce opposed the publication of his grandfather's best-known book in an illustrated edition. But he only retained the power actually to prevent it until <em>Ulysses</em>' 2012 entry into the public domain, which made the work freely usable to everyone who wanted to. In this case, "everyone" includes such notables as neo-figurative artist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Arroyo">Eduardo Arroyo</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/10/books/ulysses-james-joyce-illustrated.html">described by the New York <em>Times</em>' Raphael Minder</a> as "as one of the greatest Spanish painters of his generation."

<img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/119.jpg" />

At the time of <em>Ulysses</em>' copyright expiration, Arroyo had long since finished his own set of more than 300 illustrations for Joyce's celebrated and famously intimidating novel. Arroyo noted in a 1991 essay, writes Minder, that "imagining the illustrations kept him alive when he was hospitalized in the late 1980s for peritonitis, an inflammation of the abdominal lining."

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

The initial hope was for an <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">Arroyo-illustrated edition</a> to mark the 50th anniversary of Joyce's death in 1991, but without the permission of the author's estate, the project had to be put on hold for a couple of decades. When that time came, it was taken up again by two publishers, Barcelona's Galaxia Gutenberg and New York's Other Press.

<img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/65.jpg" />

"Some of Arroyo’s black-and-white illustrations are printed in the margins of <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">the book</a>’s pages, while others are double-page paintings whose vivid colors are reminiscent of the Pop Art that inspired him." His drawings, watercolors and collages include "eclectic images of shoes and hats, bulls and bats, as well as some sexually explicit representations of scenes that drew the wrath of censors a century ago." For Ulysses' "710 pages of inner monologue and dialogue, stream of consciousness, blank verse, Greek classics, and the venues and byways of Dublin, 1904," <a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2022-01-25/for-its-100th-birthday-ulysses-gets-a-makeover-from-a-late-great-spanish-illustrator">as the Los Angeles <em>Times</em>' Jordan Riefe puts it</a>, are as well known for their formidable complexity as it is for the power they once had to scandalize polite society.

<img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/145.jpg" />

Arroyo, who died in 2018, stayed faithful to <em>Ulysses</em>' content. ("Of course there are graphic nudes," Riefe adds, "especially in later chapters.") He also succeeded in completing <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">an arduous project</a> that the most notable artists of Joyce's day refused even to attempt. "Joyce himself had asked Picasso and Matisse to illustrate it," writes Galaxia Gutenberg's Joan Tarrida, "but neither took on the task. Matisse <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html">preferred to illustrate</a> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html"><em>The Odyssey</em></a>," Ulysses' own structural inspiration, "which deeply offended Joyce." What Joyce would make of Arroyo's vital and multifarious illustrations, <a href="https://lithub.com/eduardo-arroyos-dreamy-abstract-illustrations-of-ulysses/">more of which you can sample at Literary Hub</a>, is any scholar's guess — but then, didn't he say something about wanting to keep the scholars guessing for centuries?

You can now purchase a copy of <em><a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">Ulysses: An Illustrated Edition</a>.</em>

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html">Henri Matisse Illustrates James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> (1935)</a>

<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/07/ulysses-seen-reading-james-joyces-classic-in-graphic-novel-form.html">Read <em>Ulysses Seen</em>, A Graphic Novel Adaptation of James Joyce’s Classic</a>

<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/09/henri-matisse-illustrates-les-fleurs-du-mal.html">Henri Matisse Illustrates Baudelaire’s Censored Poetry Collection, <em>Les Fleurs du Mal</em></a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/read-the-original-serialized-edition-of-james-joyces-ulysses-1918.html">Read the Original Serialized Edition of James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> (1918)</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/art-edition-of-joyces-ulysses.html">Every Word of Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> Printed on a Single Poster</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/10/why-should-you-read-james-joyces-ulysses-a-new-ted-ed-animation-makes-the-case.html">Why Should You Read James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em>?: A New TED-ED Animation Makes the Case</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098662" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce.jpg 1400w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-238x360.jpg 238w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-678x1024.jpg 678w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-159x240.jpg 159w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-768x1161.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-1016x1536.jpg 1016w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/13210857/illustratedjoyce-1355x2048.jpg 1355w" sizes="(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px" width="500"/></p>
<p>This year will see <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">the long-delayed publication of a version of <em>Ulysses</em> that Joyce didn’t want you to read</a> — not James Joyce, mind you, but the author’s grandson Stephen Joyce. Up until his death in 2020, Stephen Joyce opposed the publication of his grandfather’s best-known book in an illustrated edition. But he only retained the power actually to prevent it until <em>Ulysses</em>‘ 2012 entry into the public domain, which made the work freely usable to everyone who wanted to. In this case, “everyone” includes such notables as neo-figurative artist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Arroyo">Eduardo Arroyo</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/10/books/ulysses-james-joyce-illustrated.html">described by the New York <em>Times</em>‘ Raphael Minder</a> as “as one of the greatest Spanish painters of his generation.”</p>
<p><img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/119.jpg" width="500"/></p>
<p>At the time of <em>Ulysses</em>‘ copyright expiration, Arroyo had long since finished his own set of more than 300 illustrations for Joyce’s celebrated and famously intimidating novel. Arroyo noted in a 1991 essay, writes Minder, that “imagining the illustrations kept him alive when he was hospitalized in the late 1980s for peritonitis, an inflammation of the abdominal lining.”</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
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<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
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<p>The initial hope was for an <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">Arroyo-illustrated edition</a> to mark the 50th anniversary of Joyce’s death in 1991, but without the permission of the author’s estate, the project had to be put on hold for a couple of decades. When that time came, it was taken up again by two publishers, Barcelona’s Galaxia Gutenberg and New York’s Other Press.</p>
<p><img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/65.jpg" width="500"/></p>
<p>“Some of Arroyo’s black-and-white illustrations are printed in the margins of <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">the book</a>’s pages, while others are double-page paintings whose vivid colors are reminiscent of the Pop Art that inspired him.” His drawings, watercolors and collages include “eclectic images of shoes and hats, bulls and bats, as well as some sexually explicit representations of scenes that drew the wrath of censors a century ago.” For Ulysses’ “710 pages of inner monologue and dialogue, stream of consciousness, blank verse, Greek classics, and the venues and byways of Dublin, 1904,” <a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2022-01-25/for-its-100th-birthday-ulysses-gets-a-makeover-from-a-late-great-spanish-illustrator">as the Los Angeles <em>Times</em>‘ Jordan Riefe puts it</a>, are as well known for their formidable complexity as it is for the power they once had to scandalize polite society.</p>
<p><img src="https://s26162.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/145.jpg" width="500"/></p>
<p>Arroyo, who died in 2018, stayed faithful to <em>Ulysses</em>‘ content. (“Of course there are graphic nudes,” Riefe adds, “especially in later chapters.”) He also succeeded in completing <a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">an arduous project</a> that the most notable artists of Joyce’s day refused even to attempt. “Joyce himself had asked Picasso and Matisse to illustrate it,” writes Galaxia Gutenberg’s Joan Tarrida, “but neither took on the task. Matisse <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html">preferred to illustrate</a> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html"><em>The Odyssey</em></a>,” Ulysses’ own structural inspiration, “which deeply offended Joyce.” What Joyce would make of Arroyo’s vital and multifarious illustrations, <a href="https://lithub.com/eduardo-arroyos-dreamy-abstract-illustrations-of-ulysses/">more of which you can sample at Literary Hub</a>, is any scholar’s guess — but then, didn’t he say something about wanting to keep the scholars guessing for centuries?</p>
<p>You can now purchase a copy of <em><a href="https://amzn.to/3uJY98r">Ulysses: An Illustrated Edition</a>.</em></p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/henri-matisse-illustrates-james-joyces-ulysses-1935.html">Henri Matisse Illustrates James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> (1935)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/07/ulysses-seen-reading-james-joyces-classic-in-graphic-novel-form.html">Read <em>Ulysses Seen</em>, A Graphic Novel Adaptation of James Joyce’s Classic</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/09/henri-matisse-illustrates-les-fleurs-du-mal.html">Henri Matisse Illustrates Baudelaire’s Censored Poetry Collection, <em>Les Fleurs du Mal</em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/read-the-original-serialized-edition-of-james-joyces-ulysses-1918.html">Read the Original Serialized Edition of James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> (1918)</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/art-edition-of-joyces-ulysses.html">Every Word of Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em> Printed on a Single Poster</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/10/why-should-you-read-james-joyces-ulysses-a-new-ted-ed-animation-makes-the-case.html">Why Should You Read James Joyce’s <em>Ulysses</em>?: A New TED-ED Animation Makes the Case</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>How the Riot Grrrl Movement Created a Revolution in Rock &#038; Punk</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/how-the-riot-grrrl-movement-created-a-revolution-in-rock-punk.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/how-the-riot-grrrl-movement-created-a-revolution-in-rock-punk.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ted Mills]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Feb 2022 15:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098494</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAbhaguKARw

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_grrrl">Riot Grrrl movement</a> feels like one of the last real revolutions in rock and punk, and not just because of its feminist, anti-capitalist politics. As Polyphonic outlines in his short music history video, Riot Grrrl was one of the last times anything major happened in rock music before the internet. And it’s especially thrilling because it all started with *zines*.

Women in the punk scene had a right to complain. Bands and their fans were very male, and sexual harassment was chronic at shows, leaving most women standing at the back of the crowd. Some zines even spelled it out: “Punks Are Not Girls,” says one.

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

Alienated from the scene but still fans at heart, Tobi Vail and Kathleen Hanna, already producing their own feminist zines, joined forces to release <a href="http://www.artzines.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Bikini-Kill.pdf">“Bikini Kill”</a> a gathering of lyrics, essays, confessionals, appropriated quotes, plugs for Vail’s other zine "<a href="https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A38099?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=7326f4c37b0e3f21098c&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0#page/1/mode/1up">Jigsaw</a>", and a sense that something was happening. Something was changing in rock culture. Kim Deal of the Pixies and Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth were heroes, Poly Styrene of X-Ray Spex was a legend, and Yoko Ono “paved the way in more ways than one for us angry grrl rockers.” Another zine, “<a href="https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A38095#page/1/mode/1up">Girl Germs</a>,” was created by Allison Wolfe and Molly Neuman.

httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZxxhxjgnC0

Bikini Kill the zine led to Bikini Kill the band in 1990, and their song “Rebel Girl” became an anthem of a new feminist rock movement focused mainly in the Pacific Northwest, around the same time as grunge.

Wolfe and Neuman, joined by Erin Smith, formed Bratmobile in 1991. K Records founder Calvin Johnson had asked them to play support for Bikini Kill, and out of necessity—Wolfe first admitted they were a “fake band”—they grabbed rehearsal space and became a “real” band on the spot. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratmobile">"Something in me clicked,” Wolfe said</a>. “Like, okay, if most boy punk rock bands just listen to the Ramones and that's how they write their songs, then we'll do the opposite and I won't listen to any Ramones and that way we'll sound different.”

The burgeoning scene needed a manifesto, and it got one in “Bikini Kill” issue #2. <a href="https://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/riotgrrrlmanifesto.html">The Riot Grrrl Manifesto</a> staked out a space that was against “racism, able-bodieism, ageism, speciesism, classism, thinism, sexism, anti-semitism and heterosexism” as well as “capitalism in all its forms.” It ends with: “BECAUSE I believe with my wholeheartmindbody that girls constitute a revolutionary soul force that can, and will change the world for real.”

The manifesto (and the very healthy Pacific Northwest live scene) spawned a movement, even bringing with it bands that had been around previously, like L7. Riot Grrrl set out to elevate women’s voices and music, without capitulating to male standards, and return to the DIY and collective energy of the early punk scene. It also brought feminist theory out of the colleges and onto the stage, and with it queer theory and dialog about trauma, rape, and abuse—everything mainstream culture would rather not talk about. Like the original punk scene in the 1970s, it burned brightly and flamed out. But it inspired generations of bands, from Sleater-Kinney to White Lung, as well as non-rock music like the Electroclash movement.

Read a zine from the time, or listen to the lyrics of Riot Grrrl bands and you will hear the same discourse, and recognize the same tactics, as today. In some ways it feels even more radical now-—that humble, photocopied zines could affect a whole scene and not be atomized by social media.

To delve deeper, check out <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/03/arts/music/riot-grrrl-playlist.html">the <em>New York Times</em>' Riot Grrl Essential Listening Guide.</a>

<strong>Related Content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/02/all-80-issues-of-the-influential-zine-punk-planet-are-now-online.html">All 80 Issues of the Influential Zine Punk Planet Are Now Online &amp; Ready for Download at the Internet Archive</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/download-834-radical-zines-from-a-new-online-archive.html">Download 834 Radical Zines From a Revolutionary Online Archive: Globalization, Punk Music, the Industrial Prison Complex &amp; More</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/01/how-nirvanas-iconic-smells-like-teen-spirit-came-to-be.html">How Nirvana’s Iconic “Smells Like Teen Spirit” Came to Be: An Animated Video Narrated by T-Bone Burnett Tells the True Story</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/08/33-songs-that-document-the-history-of-feminist-punk.html">33 Songs That Document the History of Feminist Punk (1975-2015): A Playlist Curated by Pitchfork</a>

Ted Mills is a freelance writer on the arts who currently hosts the <a href="https://anchor.fm/ted-mills9/">Notes from the Shed podcast</a> and is the producer of KCRW's <a href="http://curious.kcrw.com/category/curious-coast">Curious Coast</a>. You can also follow him on Twitter at <a href="http://www.twitter.com/tedmills">@tedmills</a>, and/or watch his films <a href="https://vimeo.com/user749601">here</a>.]]></description>
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<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098494"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tAbhaguKARw/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
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<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_grrrl">Riot Grrrl movement</a> feels like one of the last real revolutions in rock and punk, and not just because of its feminist, anti-capitalist politics. As Polyphonic outlines in his short music history video, Riot Grrrl was one of the last times anything major happened in rock music before the internet. And it’s especially thrilling because it all started with *zines*.</p>
<p>Women in the punk scene had a right to complain. Bands and their fans were very male, and sexual harassment was chronic at shows, leaving most women standing at the back of the crowd. Some zines even spelled it out: “Punks Are Not Girls,” says one.</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
</div>

<p>Alienated from the scene but still fans at heart, Tobi Vail and Kathleen Hanna, already producing their own feminist zines, joined forces to release <a href="http://www.artzines.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Bikini-Kill.pdf">“Bikini Kill”</a> a gathering of lyrics, essays, confessionals, appropriated quotes, plugs for Vail’s other zine “<a href="https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A38099?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=7326f4c37b0e3f21098c&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0#page/1/mode/1up">Jigsaw</a>“, and a sense that something was happening. Something was changing in rock culture. Kim Deal of the Pixies and Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth were heroes, Poly Styrene of X-Ray Spex was a legend, and Yoko Ono “paved the way in more ways than one for us angry grrl rockers.” Another zine, “<a href="https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A38095#page/1/mode/1up">Girl Germs</a>,” was created by Allison Wolfe and Molly Neuman.</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098494"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mZxxhxjgnC0/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
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<p>Bikini Kill the zine led to Bikini Kill the band in 1990, and their song “Rebel Girl” became an anthem of a new feminist rock movement focused mainly in the Pacific Northwest, around the same time as grunge.</p>
<p>Wolfe and Neuman, joined by Erin Smith, formed Bratmobile in 1991. K Records founder Calvin Johnson had asked them to play support for Bikini Kill, and out of necessity—Wolfe first admitted they were a “fake band”—they grabbed rehearsal space and became a “real” band on the spot. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratmobile">“Something in me clicked,” Wolfe said</a>. “Like, okay, if most boy punk rock bands just listen to the Ramones and that’s how they write their songs, then we’ll do the opposite and I won’t listen to any Ramones and that way we’ll sound different.”</p>
<p>The burgeoning scene needed a manifesto, and it got one in “Bikini Kill” issue #2. <a href="https://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/riotgrrrlmanifesto.html">The Riot Grrrl Manifesto</a> staked out a space that was against “racism, able-bodieism, ageism, speciesism, classism, thinism, sexism, anti-semitism and heterosexism” as well as “capitalism in all its forms.” It ends with: “BECAUSE I believe with my wholeheartmindbody that girls constitute a revolutionary soul force that can, and will change the world for real.”</p>
<p>The manifesto (and the very healthy Pacific Northwest live scene) spawned a movement, even bringing with it bands that had been around previously, like L7. Riot Grrrl set out to elevate women’s voices and music, without capitulating to male standards, and return to the DIY and collective energy of the early punk scene. It also brought feminist theory out of the colleges and onto the stage, and with it queer theory and dialog about trauma, rape, and abuse—everything mainstream culture would rather not talk about. Like the original punk scene in the 1970s, it burned brightly and flamed out. But it inspired generations of bands, from Sleater-Kinney to White Lung, as well as non-rock music like the Electroclash movement.</p>
<p>Read a zine from the time, or listen to the lyrics of Riot Grrrl bands and you will hear the same discourse, and recognize the same tactics, as today. In some ways it feels even more radical now-—that humble, photocopied zines could affect a whole scene and not be atomized by social media.</p>
<p>To delve deeper, check out <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/03/arts/music/riot-grrrl-playlist.html">the <em>New York Times</em>‘ Riot Grrl Essential Listening Guide.</a></p>
<p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/02/all-80-issues-of-the-influential-zine-punk-planet-are-now-online.html">All 80 Issues of the Influential Zine Punk Planet Are Now Online &amp; Ready for Download at the Internet Archive</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/download-834-radical-zines-from-a-new-online-archive.html">Download 834 Radical Zines From a Revolutionary Online Archive: Globalization, Punk Music, the Industrial Prison Complex &amp; More</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/01/how-nirvanas-iconic-smells-like-teen-spirit-came-to-be.html">How Nirvana’s Iconic “Smells Like Teen Spirit” Came to Be: An Animated Video Narrated by T-Bone Burnett Tells the True Story</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/08/33-songs-that-document-the-history-of-feminist-punk.html">33 Songs That Document the History of Feminist Punk (1975-2015): A Playlist Curated by Pitchfork</a></p>
<p>Ted Mills is a freelance writer on the arts who currently hosts the <a href="https://anchor.fm/ted-mills9/">Notes from the Shed podcast</a> and is the producer of KCRW’s <a href="http://curious.kcrw.com/category/curious-coast">Curious Coast</a>. You can also follow him on Twitter at <a href="http://www.twitter.com/tedmills">@tedmills</a>, and/or watch his films <a href="https://vimeo.com/user749601">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>The Great Courses Is Now Running a Big Spring Warehouse Clearance Sale</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-great-courses-is-now-running-a-big-spring-warehouse-clearance-sale.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-great-courses-is-now-running-a-big-spring-warehouse-clearance-sale.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[OC]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Feb 2022 18:46:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Deals]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098571</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098572" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/11212829/spring-sale.png" alt="" width="1728" height="888" />

FYI: The Great Courses (formerly The Teaching Company) is running its <a href="https://bit.ly/3BdwMVH">Spring Warehouse Clearance Sale</a>, offering a steep discount on a good number of its courses. If you’re not familiar with it, the Great Courses provides a very nice service. They travel across the U.S., recording great professors lecturing on great topics that will appeal to any lifelong learner. They then make the courses available to customers in different formats (DVD, Video &amp; Audio Downloads, etc.). The courses are very polished and complete, and they can be quite reasonably priced, especially when they’re <a href="https://bit.ly/3BdwMVH">on sale</a>, as they are today. <a href="https://bit.ly/3BdwMVH">Click here</a> to explore the offer. The <a href="https://bit.ly/3BdwMVH">Spring Warehouse Clearance Sale</a> ends on March 10.

<em>Note</em>: The Great Courses is a partner with Open Culture. So if you purchase a course, it benefits not just you and Great Courses. It benefits Open Culture too. So consider it win-win-win.]]></description>
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		<title>Nietzsche&#8217;s 10 Rules for Writing with Style</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/nietzsches-10-rules-for-writing-with-style.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/nietzsches-10-rules-for-writing-with-style.html#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[OC]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Feb 2022 12:00:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Writing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098518</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1036569" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251.png" alt="" width="900" height="632" />

The life of Russian-born poet, novelist, critic, and first female psychologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Andreas-Salom%C3%A9">Lou Andreas-Salomé</a> has provided fodder for both salacious speculation and intellectual drama in film and on the page for the amount of romantic attention she attracted from European intellectuals like philosopher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R%C3%A9e">Paul Rée</a>, poet <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/rainer-maria-rilke">Ranier Maria Rilke</a>, and <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>. Emotionally intense Nietzsche became infatuated with Salomé, proposed marriage, and, when she declined, broke off their relationship in abrupt Nietzschean fashion.

For her part, Salomé so valued these friendships she made a proposal of her own: that she, Nietzsche and Rée, writes D.A. Barry at <a href="http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/rapture-religion-and-madness-part-1-lou-andreas-salome-on-nietzsche/"><em>3:AM Magazine</em></a>, “live together in a celibate household where they might discuss philosophy, literature and art.” The idea scandalized Nietzsche’s sister and his social circle and may have contributed to the “passionate criticism” Salomé’s 1894 biographical study, <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc"><em>Friedrich Nietzsche: The Man and His Works</em></a>, received. The “much maligned” work deserves a reappraisal, Barry argues, as “a psychological portrait.”

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

In Nietzsche, Salomé wrote, we see “sorrowful ailing and triumphal recovery, incandescent intoxication and cool consciousness. One senses here the close entwining of mutual contradictions; one senses the overflowing and voluntary plunge of over-stimulated and tensed energies into chaos, darkness and terror, and then an ascending urge toward the light and most tender moments.” We might see this passage as charged by the remembrance of a friend, with whom she once “climbed Monte Sacro,” she claimed, in 1882, “where he told her of the concept of the Eternal Recurrence ‘in a quiet voice with all the signs of deepest horror.’”

We should also, perhaps primarily, see Salomé’s impressions as an effect of Nietzsche’s turbulent prose, reaching its apotheosis in his experimentally philosophical novel, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thus_Spoke_Zarathustra"><em>Thus Spake Zarathustra</em></a>. As a theorist of the embodiment of ideas, of their inextricable relation to the physical and the social, Nietzsche had some very specific ideas about literary style, which he communicated to Salomé in an 1882 note titled “Toward the Teaching of Style.” Well before writers began issuing “similar sets of commandments,” <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/08/08/nietzsches-10-rules-for-writers/">writes Maria Popova at Brain Pickings</a>, Nietzsche “set down ten stylistic rules of writing,” which you can find, in their original list form, below.
<blockquote><em>1. Of prime necessity is life: a style should live.</em>

<em>2. Style should be suited to the specific person with whom you wish to communicate. (The law of mutual relation.)</em>

<em>3. First, one must determine precisely “what-and-what do I wish to say and present,” before you may write. Writing must be mimicry.</em>

<em>4. Since the writer lacks many of the speaker’s means, he must in general have for his model a very expressive kind of presentation of necessity, the written copy will appear much paler.</em>

<em>5. The richness of life reveals itself through a richness of gestures. One must learn to feel everything — the length and retarding of sentences, interpunctuations, the choice of words, the pausing, the sequence of arguments — like gestures.</em>

<em>6. Be careful with periods! Only those people who also have long duration of breath while speaking are entitled to periods. With most people, the period is a matter of affectation.</em>

<em>7. Style ought to prove that one believes in an idea; not only that one thinks it but also feels it.</em>

<em>8. The more abstract a truth which one wishes to teach, the more one must first entice the senses.</em>

<em>9. Strategy on the part of the good writer of prose consists of choosing his means for stepping close to poetry but never stepping into it.</em>

<em>10. It is not good manners or clever to deprive one’s reader of the most obvious objections. It is very good manners and very clever to leave it to one’s reader alone to pronounce the ultimate quintessence of our wisdom.</em></blockquote>
As with all such prescriptions, we are free to take or leave these rules as we see fit. But we should not ignore them. While Nietzsche’s <a href="http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2011/09/what-kind-of-perspectivist-is-nietzsche.html">perspectivism</a> has been (mis)interpreted as wanton subjectivity, his veneration for antiquity places a high value on formal constraints. His prose, we might say, resides in that tension between Dionysian abandon and Apollonian cool, and his rules address what liberal arts professors once called the <em>Trivium</em>: grammar, rhetoric, and logic: the three supports of moving, expressive, persuasive writing.

Salomé was so impressed with these aphoristic rules that she included them in <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc">her biography</a>, remarking, “to examine Nietzsche’s style for causes and conditions means far more than examining the mere form in which his ideas are expressed; rather, it means that we can listen to his inner soundings.” Isn’t this what great writing should feel like?

Salomé wrote in <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc">her study</a> that “Nietzsche not only mastered language but also transcended its inadequacies.” (As Nietzsche himself commented in 1886, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aW9PCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA146&amp;lpg=PA146&amp;dq=nietzsche+“Toward+the+Teaching+of+Style,”&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=gEZ1wPsX93&amp;sig=bTno_9xb01ajbLMeLP0cWbNJirg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiMo8Hs1v7QAhVHlVQKHaG8D2AQ6AEIMDAD#v=onepage&amp;q=“Toward%20the%20Teaching%20of%20Style%2C”&amp;f=false">notes Hugo Drochon</a>, he needed to invent “<em>a language of my very own</em>.”) Nietzsche’s bold-yet-disciplined writing found a complement in Salomé’s boldly keen analysis. From her we can also perhaps glean another principle: “No matter how calumnious the public attacks on her,” writes Barry, “particularly from [his sister] <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elisabeth-Forster-Nietzsche">Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche</a> during the Nazi period in Germany, Salomé did not respond to them.”

Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in December 2016.

[snippet slug="tagline-1" /]

<strong>Related Content:</strong>

<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/10/the-daily-habits-of-highly-productive-philosophers.html">The Daily Habits of Highly Productive Philosophers: Nietzsche, Marx &amp; Immanuel Kant</a>

<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/04/walter_kaufmanns_lectures.html">Walter Kaufmann’s Classic Lectures on Nietzsche, Kierkegaard and Sartre (1960)</a>

<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/01/writing_rules.html">Writing Tips by Henry Miller, Elmore Leonard, Margaret Atwood, Neil Gaiman &amp; George Orwell</a>

<a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1036569" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251.png" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251.png 900w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251-360x253.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251-240x169.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251-768x539.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2016/12/22153320/nietzsche-writing-e1495492421251-300x211.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" width="500"/></p>
<p>The life of Russian-born poet, novelist, critic, and first female psychologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Andreas-Salom%C3%A9">Lou Andreas-Salomé</a> has provided fodder for both salacious speculation and intellectual drama in film and on the page for the amount of romantic attention she attracted from European intellectuals like philosopher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R%C3%A9e">Paul Rée</a>, poet <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/rainer-maria-rilke">Ranier Maria Rilke</a>, and <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>. Emotionally intense Nietzsche became infatuated with Salomé, proposed marriage, and, when she declined, broke off their relationship in abrupt Nietzschean fashion.</p>
<p>For her part, Salomé so valued these friendships she made a proposal of her own: that she, Nietzsche and Rée, writes D.A. Barry at <a href="http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/rapture-religion-and-madness-part-1-lou-andreas-salome-on-nietzsche/"><em>3:AM Magazine</em></a>, “live together in a celibate household where they might discuss philosophy, literature and art.” The idea scandalized Nietzsche’s sister and his social circle and may have contributed to the “passionate criticism” Salomé’s 1894 biographical study, <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc"><em>Friedrich Nietzsche: The Man and His Works</em></a>, received. The “much maligned” work deserves a reappraisal, Barry argues, as “a psychological portrait.”</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
</div>

<p>In Nietzsche, Salomé wrote, we see “sorrowful ailing and triumphal recovery, incandescent intoxication and cool consciousness. One senses here the close entwining of mutual contradictions; one senses the overflowing and voluntary plunge of over-stimulated and tensed energies into chaos, darkness and terror, and then an ascending urge toward the light and most tender moments.” We might see this passage as charged by the remembrance of a friend, with whom she once “climbed Monte Sacro,” she claimed, in 1882, “where he told her of the concept of the Eternal Recurrence ‘in a quiet voice with all the signs of deepest horror.’”</p>
<p>We should also, perhaps primarily, see Salomé’s impressions as an effect of Nietzsche’s turbulent prose, reaching its apotheosis in his experimentally philosophical novel, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thus_Spoke_Zarathustra"><em>Thus Spake Zarathustra</em></a>. As a theorist of the embodiment of ideas, of their inextricable relation to the physical and the social, Nietzsche had some very specific ideas about literary style, which he communicated to Salomé in an 1882 note titled “Toward the Teaching of Style.” Well before writers began issuing “similar sets of commandments,” <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/08/08/nietzsches-10-rules-for-writers/">writes Maria Popova at Brain Pickings</a>, Nietzsche “set down ten stylistic rules of writing,” which you can find, in their original list form, below.</p>
<blockquote><p><em>1. Of prime necessity is life: a style should live.</em></p>
<p><em>2. Style should be suited to the specific person with whom you wish to communicate. (The law of mutual relation.)</em></p>
<p><em>3. First, one must determine precisely “what-and-what do I wish to say and present,” before you may write. Writing must be mimicry.</em></p>
<p><em>4. Since the writer lacks many of the speaker’s means, he must in general have for his model a very expressive kind of presentation of necessity, the written copy will appear much paler.</em></p>
<p><em>5. The richness of life reveals itself through a richness of gestures. One must learn to feel everything — the length and retarding of sentences, interpunctuations, the choice of words, the pausing, the sequence of arguments — like gestures.</em></p>
<p><em>6. Be careful with periods! Only those people who also have long duration of breath while speaking are entitled to periods. With most people, the period is a matter of affectation.</em></p>
<p><em>7. Style ought to prove that one believes in an idea; not only that one thinks it but also feels it.</em></p>
<p><em>8. The more abstract a truth which one wishes to teach, the more one must first entice the senses.</em></p>
<p><em>9. Strategy on the part of the good writer of prose consists of choosing his means for stepping close to poetry but never stepping into it.</em></p>
<p><em>10. It is not good manners or clever to deprive one’s reader of the most obvious objections. It is very good manners and very clever to leave it to one’s reader alone to pronounce the ultimate quintessence of our wisdom.</em></p></blockquote>
<p>As with all such prescriptions, we are free to take or leave these rules as we see fit. But we should not ignore them. While Nietzsche’s <a href="http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2011/09/what-kind-of-perspectivist-is-nietzsche.html">perspectivism</a> has been (mis)interpreted as wanton subjectivity, his veneration for antiquity places a high value on formal constraints. His prose, we might say, resides in that tension between Dionysian abandon and Apollonian cool, and his rules address what liberal arts professors once called the <em>Trivium</em>: grammar, rhetoric, and logic: the three supports of moving, expressive, persuasive writing.</p>
<p>Salomé was so impressed with these aphoristic rules that she included them in <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc">her biography</a>, remarking, “to examine Nietzsche’s style for causes and conditions means far more than examining the mere form in which his ideas are expressed; rather, it means that we can listen to his inner soundings.” Isn’t this what great writing should feel like?</p>
<p>Salomé wrote in <a href="http://amzn.to/2hKI5Mc">her study</a> that “Nietzsche not only mastered language but also transcended its inadequacies.” (As Nietzsche himself commented in 1886, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aW9PCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA146&amp;lpg=PA146&amp;dq=nietzsche+“Toward+the+Teaching+of+Style,”&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=gEZ1wPsX93&amp;sig=bTno_9xb01ajbLMeLP0cWbNJirg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiMo8Hs1v7QAhVHlVQKHaG8D2AQ6AEIMDAD#v=onepage&amp;q=“Toward%20the%20Teaching%20of%20Style%2C”&amp;f=false">notes Hugo Drochon</a>, he needed to invent “<em>a language of my very own</em>.”) Nietzsche’s bold-yet-disciplined writing found a complement in Salomé’s boldly keen analysis. From her we can also perhaps glean another principle: “No matter how calumnious the public attacks on her,” writes Barry, “particularly from [his sister] <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elisabeth-Forster-Nietzsche">Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche</a> during the Nazi period in Germany, Salomé did not respond to them.”</p>
<p>Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in December 2016.</p>
<p>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">please find it here</a>.</p>
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<p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/10/the-daily-habits-of-highly-productive-philosophers.html">The Daily Habits of Highly Productive Philosophers: Nietzsche, Marx &amp; Immanuel Kant</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/04/walter_kaufmanns_lectures.html">Walter Kaufmann’s Classic Lectures on Nietzsche, Kierkegaard and Sartre (1960)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/01/writing_rules.html">Writing Tips by Henry Miller, Elmore Leonard, Margaret Atwood, Neil Gaiman &amp; George Orwell</a></p>
<p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p>
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		<title>How Insulated Glass Changed Architecture: An Introduction to the Technological Breakthrough That Changed How We Live and How Our Buildings Work</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/how-insulated-glass-changed-architecture.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/how-insulated-glass-changed-architecture.html#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Feb 2022 09:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098516</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://youtu.be/EGG7sJBBnV0

When we think of a "midcentury modern" home, we think of glass walls. In part, this has to do with the post-World War II decades' promotion of the southern California-style indoor-outdoor suburban lifestyle. But business and culture are downstream of technology, and, in this specific case, the technology known as insulated glass. Its development solved the problem of glass windows that had dogged architecture since at least the second century: they let in light, but even more so cold and heat. Only in the 1930s did a refrigeration engineer figure out how to make windows with not one but two panes of glass and an insulating layer of air between them. Its trade name: Thermopane.

First manufactured by the Libbey-Owens-Ford glass company, "Thermopane changed the possibilities for architects," says Vox's Phil Edwards in the video above, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGG7sJBBnV0">"How Insulated Glass Changed Architecture."</a> In it he speaks with architectural historian <a href="https://twitter.com/thomasleslieaia">Thomas Leslie,</a> who says that "by the 1960s, if you're putting a big window into any residential or office building" in all but the most temperate climates, you were using insulated glass "almost by default."

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

Competing glass manufacturers introduced a host of variations on and innovations in not just the technology but the marketing as well: "No home is truly modern without TWINDOW," declared one brand's magazine advertisement.

The associated imagery, says Leslie, was "always a sliding glass door looking out onto a very verdant landscape," which promised "a way of connecting your inside world and your outside world" (as well as "being able to see all of your stuff"). But the new possibility of "walls of glass" made for an even more visible change in commercial architecture, being the sine qua non of the smoothly reflective skyscrapers that rise from every American downtown. Today, of course, we can see 80, 900, 100 floors of sheer glass stacked up in cities all over the world, shimmering declarations of membership among the developed nations. Those sliding glass doors, by the same token, once announced an American family's arrival into the prosperous middle class — and now, more than half a century later, still look like the height of modernity.

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/09/why-do-people-hate-modern-architecture-a-video-essay.html">Why Do People Hate Modern Architecture?: A Video Essay</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/07/radical-buildings-bauhaus-revolutionized-architecture-short-introduction.html">How the Radical Buildings of the Bauhaus Revolutionized Architecture: A Short Introduction</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/the-surprising-reason-why-chinatowns-worldwide-share-the-same-aesthetic.html">The Surprising Reason Why Chinatowns Worldwide Share the Same Aesthetic, and How It All Started with the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/07/tony-hawk-iain-borden-explain-how-skateboarding-found-a-new-use-for-cities-architecture.html">Tony Hawk &amp; Architectural Historian Iain Borden Tell the Story of How Skateboarding Found a New Use for Cities &amp; Architecture</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/why-europe-has-so-few-skyscrapers.html">Why Europe Has So Few Skyscrapers</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/10/a-glass-floor-in-a-dublin-grocery-store-lets-shoppers-look-down-explore-medieval-ruins.html">A Glass Floor in a Dublin Grocery Store Lets Shoppers Look Down &amp; Explore Medieval Ruins</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
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<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098516"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EGG7sJBBnV0/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
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<p>When we think of a “midcentury modern” home, we think of glass walls. In part, this has to do with the post-World War II decades’ promotion of the southern California-style indoor-outdoor suburban lifestyle. But business and culture are downstream of technology, and, in this specific case, the technology known as insulated glass. Its development solved the problem of glass windows that had dogged architecture since at least the second century: they let in light, but even more so cold and heat. Only in the 1930s did a refrigeration engineer figure out how to make windows with not one but two panes of glass and an insulating layer of air between them. Its trade name: Thermopane.</p>
<p>First manufactured by the Libbey-Owens-Ford glass company, “Thermopane changed the possibilities for architects,” says Vox’s Phil Edwards in the video above, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGG7sJBBnV0">“How Insulated Glass Changed Architecture.”</a> In it he speaks with architectural historian <a href="https://twitter.com/thomasleslieaia">Thomas Leslie,</a> who says that “by the 1960s, if you’re putting a big window into any residential or office building” in all but the most temperate climates, you were using insulated glass “almost by default.”</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
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<p>Competing glass manufacturers introduced a host of variations on and innovations in not just the technology but the marketing as well: “No home is truly modern without TWINDOW,” declared one brand’s magazine advertisement.</p>
<p>The associated imagery, says Leslie, was “always a sliding glass door looking out onto a very verdant landscape,” which promised “a way of connecting your inside world and your outside world” (as well as “being able to see all of your stuff”). But the new possibility of “walls of glass” made for an even more visible change in commercial architecture, being the sine qua non of the smoothly reflective skyscrapers that rise from every American downtown. Today, of course, we can see 80, 900, 100 floors of sheer glass stacked up in cities all over the world, shimmering declarations of membership among the developed nations. Those sliding glass doors, by the same token, once announced an American family’s arrival into the prosperous middle class — and now, more than half a century later, still look like the height of modernity.</p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/09/why-do-people-hate-modern-architecture-a-video-essay.html">Why Do People Hate Modern Architecture?: A Video Essay</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/07/radical-buildings-bauhaus-revolutionized-architecture-short-introduction.html">How the Radical Buildings of the Bauhaus Revolutionized Architecture: A Short Introduction</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/the-surprising-reason-why-chinatowns-worldwide-share-the-same-aesthetic.html">The Surprising Reason Why Chinatowns Worldwide Share the Same Aesthetic, and How It All Started with the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/07/tony-hawk-iain-borden-explain-how-skateboarding-found-a-new-use-for-cities-architecture.html">Tony Hawk &amp; Architectural Historian Iain Borden Tell the Story of How Skateboarding Found a New Use for Cities &amp; Architecture</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/why-europe-has-so-few-skyscrapers.html">Why Europe Has So Few Skyscrapers</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/10/a-glass-floor-in-a-dublin-grocery-store-lets-shoppers-look-down-explore-medieval-ruins.html">A Glass Floor in a Dublin Grocery Store Lets Shoppers Look Down &amp; Explore Medieval Ruins</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>That Time When the Mediterranean Sea Dried Up &#038; Disappeared: Animations Show How It Happened</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/that-time-when-the-mediterranean-sea-dried-up-disappeared.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/that-time-when-the-mediterranean-sea-dried-up-disappeared.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Feb 2022 12:00:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098478</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://youtu.be/HooZ84rpovQ

We hear a great deal today about <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/02/a-map-shows-what-happens-when-our-world-gets-four-degrees-warmer.html">the potential causes of rising sea levels</a>. At a certain point, natural curiosity brings out the opposite question: what causes sea levels to fall? And for that matter, can a body of water so large simply vanish entirely? Such a thing did happen once, according to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HooZ84rpovQ">the PBS Eons video above</a>. The story begins, from our perspective, with the discovery about a decade ago of a giant rabbit — or rather of the bones of a giant rabbit, one "up to six times heavier than your average cottontail" that "almost certainly couldn't hop." This odd, long-gone specimen was dubbed Nuralagus rex: "the rabbit king of Minorca," the modern-day island it ruled from about five million to three million years ago.

After living for long periods of time on islands without natural predators, certain species take on unusual proportions. "But how did the normal-size ancestor of Nuralagus make it onto a Mediterranean island in the first place?" The answer is that Minorca wasn't always an island. In fact, "mega-deposits" of salt under the floor of the Mediterranean suggest that, "at one point in history, the Mediterranean Sea must have evaporated." As often in our investigation of the natural world, one strange big question leads to another even stranger and bigger one. Geologists' long and complex project of addressing it has led them to posit a forbidding-sounding event called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis">Messinian Salinity Crisis</a>, or MSC.

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

MSC-explaining theories include a "global cooling event" six million years ago whose creation of glaciers would have reduced the flow of water into the Mediterranean, and "tectonic events" that could have blocked off what we now know as the Strait of Gibraltar. But the cause now best supported by evidence involves a combination of shifts in the Earth's crust and changes in its climate — sixteen full cycles of them. "During periods of decreasing sea level, the position and angle of the Earth changed with respect to the Sun, so there were periods of lower solar energy, and others of higher solar energy, which increased evaporation rates in the Mediterranean. At the same time, an actively folding and uplifting tectonic belt caused water input to decrease."

httpv://youtu.be/B5uW7Qg6rXM

The MSC seems to have lasted for over 600,000 years. At its driest point, 5.6 million years ago, "external water sources were completely cut off, and most of the water left behind in the Mediterranean basin was evaporating." For sea creatures, the Mediterranean became uninhabitable, but those that lived on dry land had a bit of a field day. These relatively dry conditions "allowed hippos, elephants, and other megafauna from Africa to walk and swim across the Mediterranean," constituting a great migration that would have included the ancestor of <em>Nuralagus rex</em>. But when the sea later filled back up — possibly due to a flood, as <a href="https://youtu.be/B5uW7Qg6rXM">animated above</a> — the rabbit king of Minorca learned that, even on a geological timescale, you can't go home again.

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to Global Warming: A Free Course from UChicago Explains Climate Change" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/01/global_warming_a_free_course_from_uchicago_explains_climate_change.html" rel="bookmark">Global Warming: A Free Course from UChicago Explains Climate Change</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/02/a-map-shows-what-happens-when-our-world-gets-four-degrees-warmer.html">A Map Shows What Happens When Our World Gets Four Degrees Warmer: The Colorado River Dries Up, Antarctica Urbanizes, Polynesia Vanishes</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/08/why-civilization-collapsed-in-1177-bc.html">Why Civilization Collapsed in 1177 BC: Watch Classicist Eric Cline’s Lecture That Has Already Garnered 5.5 Million Views</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/01/how-humans-domesticated-cats-twice.html">How Humans Domesticated Cats (Twice)</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
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<p>We hear a great deal today about <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/02/a-map-shows-what-happens-when-our-world-gets-four-degrees-warmer.html">the potential causes of rising sea levels</a>. At a certain point, natural curiosity brings out the opposite question: what causes sea levels to fall? And for that matter, can a body of water so large simply vanish entirely? Such a thing did happen once, according to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HooZ84rpovQ">the PBS Eons video above</a>. The story begins, from our perspective, with the discovery about a decade ago of a giant rabbit — or rather of the bones of a giant rabbit, one “up to six times heavier than your average cottontail” that “almost certainly couldn’t hop.” This odd, long-gone specimen was dubbed Nuralagus rex: “the rabbit king of Minorca,” the modern-day island it ruled from about five million to three million years ago.</p>
<p>After living for long periods of time on islands without natural predators, certain species take on unusual proportions. “But how did the normal-size ancestor of Nuralagus make it onto a Mediterranean island in the first place?” The answer is that Minorca wasn’t always an island. In fact, “mega-deposits” of salt under the floor of the Mediterranean suggest that, “at one point in history, the Mediterranean Sea must have evaporated.” As often in our investigation of the natural world, one strange big question leads to another even stranger and bigger one. Geologists’ long and complex project of addressing it has led them to posit a forbidding-sounding event called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis">Messinian Salinity Crisis</a>, or MSC.</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
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<p>MSC-explaining theories include a “global cooling event” six million years ago whose creation of glaciers would have reduced the flow of water into the Mediterranean, and “tectonic events” that could have blocked off what we now know as the Strait of Gibraltar. But the cause now best supported by evidence involves a combination of shifts in the Earth’s crust and changes in its climate — sixteen full cycles of them. “During periods of decreasing sea level, the position and angle of the Earth changed with respect to the Sun, so there were periods of lower solar energy, and others of higher solar energy, which increased evaporation rates in the Mediterranean. At the same time, an actively folding and uplifting tectonic belt caused water input to decrease.”</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098478"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/B5uW7Qg6rXM/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
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<p>The MSC seems to have lasted for over 600,000 years. At its driest point, 5.6 million years ago, “external water sources were completely cut off, and most of the water left behind in the Mediterranean basin was evaporating.” For sea creatures, the Mediterranean became uninhabitable, but those that lived on dry land had a bit of a field day. These relatively dry conditions “allowed hippos, elephants, and other megafauna from Africa to walk and swim across the Mediterranean,” constituting a great migration that would have included the ancestor of <em>Nuralagus rex</em>. But when the sea later filled back up — possibly due to a flood, as <a href="https://youtu.be/B5uW7Qg6rXM">animated above</a> — the rabbit king of Minorca learned that, even on a geological timescale, you can’t go home again.</p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Global Warming: A Free Course from UChicago Explains Climate Change" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/01/global_warming_a_free_course_from_uchicago_explains_climate_change.html" rel="bookmark">Global Warming: A Free Course from UChicago Explains Climate Change</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/02/a-map-shows-what-happens-when-our-world-gets-four-degrees-warmer.html">A Map Shows What Happens When Our World Gets Four Degrees Warmer: The Colorado River Dries Up, Antarctica Urbanizes, Polynesia Vanishes</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/08/why-civilization-collapsed-in-1177-bc.html">Why Civilization Collapsed in 1177 BC: Watch Classicist Eric Cline’s Lecture That Has Already Garnered 5.5 Million Views</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/01/how-humans-domesticated-cats-twice.html">How Humans Domesticated Cats (Twice)</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>Zoo Hires Marvin Gaye Impersonator to Help Endangered Monkeys “Get It On”</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/zoo-hires-marvin-gaye-impersonator-to-help-endangered-monkeys-get-it-on.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/zoo-hires-marvin-gaye-impersonator-to-help-endangered-monkeys-get-it-on.html#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[OC]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Feb 2022 09:00:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098485</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXGkMd676jU

This past weekend, monkeys residing at a British zoo got a special treat. A Marvin Gaye impersonator performed "Let's Get It On" and "Sexual Healing," all in an effort to help the monkeys, well, "get it on."

Located in Stafford, England, the <a href="https://monkey-forest.com/lets-get-it-on-marvin-gaye-serenades-endangered-monkeys-in-trentham-during-mating-season/">Trentham Monkey Forest </a>saw the performance as a novel way to get their endangered Barbary macaques to produce offspring: Park Director Matt Lovatt <a href="https://monkey-forest.com/lets-get-it-on-marvin-gaye-serenades-endangered-monkeys-in-trentham-during-mating-season/?fbclid=IwAR0keQK9425FAbctM1rmWUYDMTRTAteRm6TUNJQ_6RVrSsjntbB2QESN07M">said on the zoo's website</a>: "We thought it could be a creative way to encourage our females to show a little affection to males that might not have been so lucky in love." "Females in season mate with several males so paternity among our furry residents is never known. Each birth is vital to the species with Barbary macaques being classed as endangered. Birthing season occurs in late spring/early summer each year, so hopefully Marvin’s done his magic and we can welcome some new babies!"

For anyone keeping score, Dave Largie is the singer channeling Marvin.

[snippet slug="tagline-1" /]

<a href="https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2022/02/08/Trentham-Monkey-Forest-Stafford-England-Marvin-Gaye/1871644340605/">via UPI</a>

<strong>Related Content </strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to Pianist Plays Beethoven, Bach, Chopin, Ravel &amp; Debussy for Blind Elephants in Thailand" href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/07/soothing-effect-live-classical-music-played-elephants-wild.html" rel="bookmark">Pianist Plays Beethoven, Bach, Chopin, Ravel &amp; Debussy for Blind Elephants in Thailand</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Footage of the Last Known Tasmanian Tiger Restored in Color (1933)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/10/footage-of-the-last-known-tasmanian-tiger-restored-in-color-1933.html" rel="bookmark">Footage of the Last Known Tasmanian Tiger Restored in Color (1933)</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/11/two-million-wondrous-nature-illustrations-put-online-by-the-biodiversity-heritage-library.html">Two Million Wondrous Nature Illustrations Put Online by The Biodiversity Heritage Library</a>]]></description>
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<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098485"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jXGkMd676jU/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
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<p>This past weekend, monkeys residing at a British zoo got a special treat. A Marvin Gaye impersonator performed “Let’s Get It On” and “Sexual Healing,” all in an effort to help the monkeys, well, “get it on.”</p>
<p>Located in Stafford, England, the <a href="https://monkey-forest.com/lets-get-it-on-marvin-gaye-serenades-endangered-monkeys-in-trentham-during-mating-season/">Trentham Monkey Forest </a>saw the performance as a novel way to get their endangered Barbary macaques to produce offspring: Park Director Matt Lovatt <a href="https://monkey-forest.com/lets-get-it-on-marvin-gaye-serenades-endangered-monkeys-in-trentham-during-mating-season/?fbclid=IwAR0keQK9425FAbctM1rmWUYDMTRTAteRm6TUNJQ_6RVrSsjntbB2QESN07M">said on the zoo’s website</a>: “We thought it could be a creative way to encourage our females to show a little affection to males that might not have been so lucky in love.” “Females in season mate with several males so paternity among our furry residents is never known. Each birth is vital to the species with Barbary macaques being classed as endangered. Birthing season occurs in late spring/early summer each year, so hopefully Marvin’s done his magic and we can welcome some new babies!”</p>
<p>For anyone keeping score, Dave Largie is the singer channeling Marvin.</p>
<p>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">please find it here</a>.</p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, Venmo (@openculture) and <a href="https://bit.ly/3JtLPOK">Crypto</a>. Thanks!</span></i><i/></p>

<p><a href="https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2022/02/08/Trentham-Monkey-Forest-Stafford-England-Marvin-Gaye/1871644340605/">via UPI</a></p>
<p><strong>Related Content </strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Pianist Plays Beethoven, Bach, Chopin, Ravel &amp; Debussy for Blind Elephants in Thailand" href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/07/soothing-effect-live-classical-music-played-elephants-wild.html" rel="bookmark">Pianist Plays Beethoven, Bach, Chopin, Ravel &amp; Debussy for Blind Elephants in Thailand</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Footage of the Last Known Tasmanian Tiger Restored in Color (1933)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/10/footage-of-the-last-known-tasmanian-tiger-restored-in-color-1933.html" rel="bookmark">Footage of the Last Known Tasmanian Tiger Restored in Color (1933)</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/11/two-million-wondrous-nature-illustrations-put-online-by-the-biodiversity-heritage-library.html">Two Million Wondrous Nature Illustrations Put Online by The Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></p>
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		<title>The Code of Charles Dickens&#8217; Shorthand Has Been Cracked by Computer Programmers, Solving a 160-Year-Old Mystery</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-code-of-charles-dickens-shorthand-has-been-cracked-by-computer-programmers-solving-a-160-year-old-mystery.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-code-of-charles-dickens-shorthand-has-been-cracked-by-computer-programmers-solving-a-160-year-old-mystery.html#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Feb 2022 12:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Writing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098456</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098464" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1.jpeg" alt="" width="1278" height="2048" />
We can describe the writing of Charles Dickens in many ways, but never as impenetrable. The most popular novelist of his day, he wrote for the broadest possible audience, serializing his stories in newspapers before putting them between covers. This hardly prevented him from demonstrating a mastery of the English language whose mark remains detectable in our own rhetoric and literary prose more than 150 years after his death. But Dickens wrote both publicly and privately, and in the case of the latter he could write quite privately indeed: in documents for his own eyes only, he made use of a shorthand that he called it "the devil’s handwriting," and which has long been devilishly impenetrable to scholars.

Dickens "learned a difficult shorthand system called <em>Brachygraphy</em> and wrote about the experience in his semi-autobiographical novel, <em>David Copperfield</em>, calling it a 'savage stenographic mystery,'" <a href="https://dickenscode.org/">says The Dickens Code</a>, a web site dedicated to solving that mystery.

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

A former court reporter, "Dickens used shorthand throughout his life but while he was using the system, he was also changing it. So the hooks, lines, circles and squiggles on the page are very hard to decipher." <a href="https://dickenscode.org/">The Dickens Code project</a> thus offered up t0 anyone who could transcribe his shorthand a sum of 300 British pounds — which might not sound like much, but imagine how grand a sum it would have been in Dickens' day.

<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098460" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08205217/dickenscode2.jpeg" alt="" width="640" height="992" />

Besides, the internet's cryptography enthusiasts hardly require much of an incentive to get to work on such a long-uncracked code as this. "The winner of the competition, Shane Baggs, a computer technical support specialist from San Jose, Calif., had never read a Dickens novel before," <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/books/charles-dickens-secret-notes.html">writes the New York Times' Jenny Gross</a>. "Mr. Baggs, who spent about six months working on the text, mostly after work, said that he first heard about the competition through <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/codes/">a group on Reddit</a> dedicated to cracking codes and finding hidden messages."

The document being decoded is a copy of a letter from 1859, the year Dickens was serializing <em>A Tale of Two Cities</em>. Writing to <em>Times of London </em>editor John Thaddeus Delane, "Dickens says that a clerk at the newspaper was wrong to reject an advertisement he wanted in the paper, promoting a new literary publication, and asks again for it to run," report Gross. This seemingly trivial incident inspires the kind of "strong, direct language in the 19th century that showed the writer was angry." Though 70 percent of this decorously bad-tempered letter has now been deciphered, The Dickens Code still has work to do and continues to enlist help from volunteers to do it, albeit without the prize money that is now presumably in Baggs' possession. Let's hope he uses it on the handsomest possible set of Dickens' collected works.

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/06/an-animated-introduction-to-the-life-literary-works-of-charles-dickens.html">An Animated Introduction to Charles Dickens’ Life &amp; Literary Works</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/05/the-writing-system-of-the-cryptic-voynich-manuscript-explained.html">The Writing System of the Cryptic Voynich Manuscript Explained: British Researcher May Have Finally Cracked the Code</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/07/a-24-hour-playlist-of-charles-dickens-stories.html">Stream a 24 Hour Playlist of Charles Dickens Stories, Featuring Classic Recordings by Laurence Olivier, Orson Welles &amp; More</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/11/why-did-leonardo-da-vinci-write-backwards-a-look-into-the-ultimate-renaissance-mans-mirror-writing.html">Why Did Leonardo da Vinci Write Backwards? A Look Into the Ultimate Renaissance Man’s “Mirror Writing”</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/02/alice-in-wonderland-hamlet-and-a-christmas-carol-written-in-a-shorthand-writing-system-circa-1919.html"><em>Alice in Wonderland</em>, <em>Hamlet</em>, and <em>A Christmas Carol</em> Written in Shorthand (Circa 1919)</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/11/charles-dickens-channeling-jorge-luis-borges-created-a-fake-library-with-37-witty-invented-book-titles.html">Charles Dickens (Channeling Jorge Luis Borges) Created a Fake Library, with 37 Witty Invented Book Titles</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098464" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1.jpeg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1.jpeg 1278w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1-225x360.jpeg 225w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1-639x1024.jpeg 639w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1-150x240.jpeg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1-768x1231.jpeg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08211859/dickenscode1-959x1536.jpeg 959w" sizes="(max-width: 1278px) 100vw, 1278px" width="500"/><br/>
We can describe the writing of Charles Dickens in many ways, but never as impenetrable. The most popular novelist of his day, he wrote for the broadest possible audience, serializing his stories in newspapers before putting them between covers. This hardly prevented him from demonstrating a mastery of the English language whose mark remains detectable in our own rhetoric and literary prose more than 150 years after his death. But Dickens wrote both publicly and privately, and in the case of the latter he could write quite privately indeed: in documents for his own eyes only, he made use of a shorthand that he called it “the devil’s handwriting,” and which has long been devilishly impenetrable to scholars.</p>
<p>Dickens “learned a difficult shorthand system called <em>Brachygraphy</em> and wrote about the experience in his semi-autobiographical novel, <em>David Copperfield</em>, calling it a ‘savage stenographic mystery,'” <a href="https://dickenscode.org/">says The Dickens Code</a>, a web site dedicated to solving that mystery.</p>
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<p>A former court reporter, “Dickens used shorthand throughout his life but while he was using the system, he was also changing it. So the hooks, lines, circles and squiggles on the page are very hard to decipher.” <a href="https://dickenscode.org/">The Dickens Code project</a> thus offered up t0 anyone who could transcribe his shorthand a sum of 300 British pounds — which might not sound like much, but imagine how grand a sum it would have been in Dickens’ day.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098460" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08205217/dickenscode2.jpeg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08205217/dickenscode2.jpeg 640w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08205217/dickenscode2-232x360.jpeg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08205217/dickenscode2-155x240.jpeg 155w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" width="500"/></p>
<p>Besides, the internet’s cryptography enthusiasts hardly require much of an incentive to get to work on such a long-uncracked code as this. “The winner of the competition, Shane Baggs, a computer technical support specialist from San Jose, Calif., had never read a Dickens novel before,” <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/books/charles-dickens-secret-notes.html">writes the New York Times’ Jenny Gross</a>. “Mr. Baggs, who spent about six months working on the text, mostly after work, said that he first heard about the competition through <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/codes/">a group on Reddit</a> dedicated to cracking codes and finding hidden messages.”</p>
<p>The document being decoded is a copy of a letter from 1859, the year Dickens was serializing <em>A Tale of Two Cities</em>. Writing to <em>Times of London </em>editor John Thaddeus Delane, “Dickens says that a clerk at the newspaper was wrong to reject an advertisement he wanted in the paper, promoting a new literary publication, and asks again for it to run,” report Gross. This seemingly trivial incident inspires the kind of “strong, direct language in the 19th century that showed the writer was angry.” Though 70 percent of this decorously bad-tempered letter has now been deciphered, The Dickens Code still has work to do and continues to enlist help from volunteers to do it, albeit without the prize money that is now presumably in Baggs’ possession. Let’s hope he uses it on the handsomest possible set of Dickens’ collected works.</p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/06/an-animated-introduction-to-the-life-literary-works-of-charles-dickens.html">An Animated Introduction to Charles Dickens’ Life &amp; Literary Works</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/05/the-writing-system-of-the-cryptic-voynich-manuscript-explained.html">The Writing System of the Cryptic Voynich Manuscript Explained: British Researcher May Have Finally Cracked the Code</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/07/a-24-hour-playlist-of-charles-dickens-stories.html">Stream a 24 Hour Playlist of Charles Dickens Stories, Featuring Classic Recordings by Laurence Olivier, Orson Welles &amp; More</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/11/why-did-leonardo-da-vinci-write-backwards-a-look-into-the-ultimate-renaissance-mans-mirror-writing.html">Why Did Leonardo da Vinci Write Backwards? A Look Into the Ultimate Renaissance Man’s “Mirror Writing”</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/02/alice-in-wonderland-hamlet-and-a-christmas-carol-written-in-a-shorthand-writing-system-circa-1919.html"><em>Alice in Wonderland</em>, <em>Hamlet</em>, and <em>A Christmas Carol</em> Written in Shorthand (Circa 1919)</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/11/charles-dickens-channeling-jorge-luis-borges-created-a-fake-library-with-37-witty-invented-book-titles.html">Charles Dickens (Channeling Jorge Luis Borges) Created a Fake Library, with 37 Witty Invented Book Titles</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>Nikola Tesla&#8217;s Predictions for the 21st Century: The Rise of Smart Phones &#038; Wireless, The Demise of Coffee &#038; More (1926/35)</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/nikola-teslas-predictions-for-the-21st-century-1926-35.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/nikola-teslas-predictions-for-the-21st-century-1926-35.html#comments</comments>
		
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		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Feb 2022 09:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098469" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction.png" alt="" width="1280" height="960" />

The fate of the visionary is to be forever outside of his or her time. Such was the life of <a href="http://web.mit.edu/most/Public/Tesla1/etradict2.htm">Nikola Tesla</a>, who dreamed the future while his opportunistic rival <a href="http://edison.rutgers.edu/biogrphy.htm">Thomas Edison</a> seized the moment. Even now the name Tesla conjures seemingly wildly impractical ventures, too advanced, too expensive, or far too elegant in design for mass production and consumption. No one better than David Bowie, the pop artist of possibility, could embody Tesla's air of magisterial high seriousness <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PF76qlwWM8s">on the screen</a>. And few were better suited than Tesla himself, perhaps, to extrapolate from his time to ours and see the technological future clearly.

Of course, this image of Tesla as a lone, heroic, and even somewhat tragic figure who fell victim to Edison's designs is a bit of a romantic exaggeration. As even the editor of <a href="http://hello-earth.com/nikolatesla/amachinetoendwar/libertymagazine9february1935.html">a 1935 feature interview piece in the now-defunct <em>Liberty </em>magazine </a>wrote, Tesla and Edison may have been rivals in the "battle between alternating and direct current…. Otherwise the two men were merely opposites. Edison had a genius for practical inventions immediately applicable. Tesla, whose inventions were far ahead of the time, aroused antagonisms which delayed the fruition of his ideas for years." One can in some respects see why Tesla "aroused antagonisms." He may have been a genius, but he was not a people person, and some of his views, though maybe characteristic of the times, are downright unsettling.

<img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1007406" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/libertymagazine9february1935page5.jpg" alt="libertymagazine9february1935page5" />

In the <a href="http://hello-earth.com/nikolatesla/amachinetoendwar/libertymagazine9february1935.html">lengthy <em>Liberty</em> essay</a>, "as told to <a href="http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/scua/bai/johnson2.htm">George Sylvester Viereck</a>" (a poet and Nazi sympathizer who also <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/17/greatinterviews1">interviewed Hitler</a>), Tesla himself makes the pronouncement, "It seems that I have always been ahead of my time." He then goes on to enumerate some of the ways he has been proven right, and confidently lists the characteristics of the future as he sees it. No one likes a know-it-all, but Tesla refused to compromise or ingratiate himself, though he suffered for it professionally. And he <em>was</em>, in many cases, right. Many of his 1935 predictions in <em>Liberty</em> are still too far off to measure, and some of them will seem outlandish, or criminal, to us today. But some still seem plausible, and a few advisable if we are to make it another 100 years as a species. Tesla's predictions include the following, which he introduces with the disclaimer that "forecasting is perilous. No man can look very far into the future."
<ul>
 	<li>"Buddhism and Christianity… will be the religion of the human race in the twenty-first century."</li>
 	<li>"The year 2100 will see eugenics universally established." Tesla went on to comment, "no one who is not a desirable parent should be permitted to produce progeny. A century from now it will no more occur to a normal person to mate with a person eugenically unfit than to marry a habitual criminal."</li>
 	<li>"Hygiene, physical culture will be recognized branches of education and government. The Secretary of Hygiene or Physical Culture will be far more important in the cabinet of the President of the United States who holds office in the year 2025 than the Secretary of War." Along with personal hygiene, Tesla included "pollution" as a social ill in need of regulation.</li>
 	<li>"I am convinced that within a century coffee, tea, and tobacco will be no longer in vogue. Alcohol, however, will still be used. It is not a stimulant but a veritable elixir of life."</li>
 	<li>"There will be enough wheat and wheat products to feed the entire world, including the teeming millions of China and India." (Tesla did not foresee the anti-gluten mania of the 21st century.)</li>
 	<li>"Long before the next century dawns, systematic reforestation and the scientific management of natural resources will have made an end of all devastating droughts, forest fires, and floods. The universal utilization of water power and its long-distance transmission will supply every household with cheap power." Along with this optimistic prediction, Tesla foresaw that "the struggle for existence being lessened, there should be development along ideal rather than material lines."</li>
</ul>
Tesla goes on to predict the elimination of war, "by making every nation, weak or strong, able to defend itself," after which war chests would be diverted to funding education and research. He then describes—in rather fantastical-sounding terms—an apparatus that "projects particles" and transmits energy, enabling not only a revolution in defense technology, but "undreamed of results in television." Tesla diagnoses his time as one in which "we suffer from the derangement of our civilization because we have not yet completely adjusted ourselves to the machine age." The solution, he asserts---along with most futurists, then and now---"does not lie in destroying but in mastering the machine." As an example of such mastery, Tesla describes the future of "automatons" taking over human labor and the creation of "a thinking machine."

Matt Novak at the Smithsonian <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nikola-teslas-amazing-predictions-for-the-21st-century-26353702/?no-ist">has analyzed many of Tesla's claims</a>, interpreting his predictions about "hygiene and physical culture" as a foreshadowing of the EPA and discussing Tesla's work in robotics ("Today," Tesla proclaimed, "the robot is an accepted fact"). The <em>Liberty</em> article was not the first time Tesla had made large-scale, public predictions about the century to come and beyond. In 1926, Tesla <a href="http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1926-01-30.htm">gave an interview to <em>Collier's</em> magazine</a> in which he <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-teslas-incredible-predictions-for-our-connected-1661107313">more or less accurately foresaw smartphones and wireless telephony and computing</a>:
<blockquote><em>When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is…. We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket. </em></blockquote>
Telsa also made some odd predictions about fuel-less passenger flying machines "free from any limitations of the present airplanes and dirigibles" and spouted more of the scary stuff about eugenics that had <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-tesla-the-eugenicist-eliminating-undesirables-b-512621636">come to obsess him late in life</a>. Additionally, Tesla saw changing gender relations as the precursor of a coming matriarchy. This was not a development he characterized in positive terms. For Tesla, feminism would "end in a new sex order, with the female as superior." (As Novak notes, Tesla's misgivings about feminism have made him <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/why-nikola-tesla-is-an-unlikely-hero-to-mens-rights-act-1661132299">a hero to the so-called "men's rights" movement</a>.) While he fully granted that women could and would match and surpass men in every field, he warned that "the acquisition of new fields of endeavor by women, their gradual usurpation of leadership, will dull and finally dissipate feminine sensibilities, will choke the maternal instinct, so that marriage and motherhood may become abhorrent and human civilization draw closer and closer to the perfect civilization of the bee."

It seems to me that a "bee civilization" would appeal to a eugenicist, except, I suppose, Tesla feared becoming a drone. Although he saw the development as inevitable, he still sounds to me like any number of current politicians who argue that society should continue to suppress and discriminate against women for their own good and the good of "civilization." Tesla may be an outsider hero for geek culture everywhere, but his social attitudes give me the creeps. While I've personally always liked the vision of a world in which robots do most the work and we spend most of our money on education, when it comes to the elimination of war, I'm less sanguine about particle rays and more sympathetic to the words of Ivor Cutler.

Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in 2015.

via <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nikola-teslas-amazing-predictions-for-the-21st-century-26353702/?no-ist">Smithsonian</a>/<a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-teslas-incredible-predictions-for-our-connected-1661107313">Paleofuture</a>

<strong>Related Content:</strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to In 1953, a Telephone-Company Executive Predicts the Rise of Modern Smartphones and Video Calls" href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/01/in-1953-a-telephone-company-executive-predicts-the-rise-of-modern-smartphones-and-video-calls.html" rel="bookmark">In 1953, a Telephone-Company Executive Predicts the Rise of Modern Smartphones and Video Calls</a>

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<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/12/ladies-home-journal-publishes-28-predictions.html">In 1900, Ladies’ Home Journal Publishes 28 Predictions for the Year 2000</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Philip K. Dick Makes Off-the-Wall Predictions for the Future: Mars Colonies, Alien Viruses &amp; More (1981)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/03/philip-k-dick-makes-off-the-wall-predictions-for-the-future.html" rel="bookmark">Philip K. Dick Makes Off-the-Wall Predictions for the Future: Mars Colonies, Alien Viruses &amp; More (1981)</a>

<a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at @jdmagness</em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098469" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction.png" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction.png 1280w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction-360x270.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction-1024x768.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction-240x180.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction-768x576.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/08223849/teslaprediction-300x225.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" width="500"/></p>
<p>The fate of the visionary is to be forever outside of his or her time. Such was the life of <a href="http://web.mit.edu/most/Public/Tesla1/etradict2.htm">Nikola Tesla</a>, who dreamed the future while his opportunistic rival <a href="http://edison.rutgers.edu/biogrphy.htm">Thomas Edison</a> seized the moment. Even now the name Tesla conjures seemingly wildly impractical ventures, too advanced, too expensive, or far too elegant in design for mass production and consumption. No one better than David Bowie, the pop artist of possibility, could embody Tesla’s air of magisterial high seriousness <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PF76qlwWM8s">on the screen</a>. And few were better suited than Tesla himself, perhaps, to extrapolate from his time to ours and see the technological future clearly.</p>
<p>Of course, this image of Tesla as a lone, heroic, and even somewhat tragic figure who fell victim to Edison’s designs is a bit of a romantic exaggeration. As even the editor of <a href="http://hello-earth.com/nikolatesla/amachinetoendwar/libertymagazine9february1935.html">a 1935 feature interview piece in the now-defunct <em>Liberty </em>magazine </a>wrote, Tesla and Edison may have been rivals in the “battle between alternating and direct current…. Otherwise the two men were merely opposites. Edison had a genius for practical inventions immediately applicable. Tesla, whose inventions were far ahead of the time, aroused antagonisms which delayed the fruition of his ideas for years.” One can in some respects see why Tesla “aroused antagonisms.” He may have been a genius, but he was not a people person, and some of his views, though maybe characteristic of the times, are downright unsettling.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1007406" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/libertymagazine9february1935page5.jpg" alt="libertymagazine9february1935page5" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5.jpg 800w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5-109x150.jpg 109w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5-218x300.jpg 218w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5-768x1055.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5-745x1024.jpg 745w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/28144643/libertymagazine9february1935page5-300x412.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" width="500"/></p>
<p>In the <a href="http://hello-earth.com/nikolatesla/amachinetoendwar/libertymagazine9february1935.html">lengthy <em>Liberty</em> essay</a>, “as told to <a href="http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/scua/bai/johnson2.htm">George Sylvester Viereck</a>” (a poet and Nazi sympathizer who also <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/17/greatinterviews1">interviewed Hitler</a>), Tesla himself makes the pronouncement, “It seems that I have always been ahead of my time.” He then goes on to enumerate some of the ways he has been proven right, and confidently lists the characteristics of the future as he sees it. No one likes a know-it-all, but Tesla refused to compromise or ingratiate himself, though he suffered for it professionally. And he <em>was</em>, in many cases, right. Many of his 1935 predictions in <em>Liberty</em> are still too far off to measure, and some of them will seem outlandish, or criminal, to us today. But some still seem plausible, and a few advisable if we are to make it another 100 years as a species. Tesla’s predictions include the following, which he introduces with the disclaimer that “forecasting is perilous. No man can look very far into the future.”</p>
<ul>
<li>“Buddhism and Christianity… will be the religion of the human race in the twenty-first century.”</li>
<li>“The year 2100 will see eugenics universally established.” Tesla went on to comment, “no one who is not a desirable parent should be permitted to produce progeny. A century from now it will no more occur to a normal person to mate with a person eugenically unfit than to marry a habitual criminal.”</li>
<li>“Hygiene, physical culture will be recognized branches of education and government. The Secretary of Hygiene or Physical Culture will be far more important in the cabinet of the President of the United States who holds office in the year 2025 than the Secretary of War.” Along with personal hygiene, Tesla included “pollution” as a social ill in need of regulation.</li>
<li>“I am convinced that within a century coffee, tea, and tobacco will be no longer in vogue. Alcohol, however, will still be used. It is not a stimulant but a veritable elixir of life.”</li>
<li>“There will be enough wheat and wheat products to feed the entire world, including the teeming millions of China and India.” (Tesla did not foresee the anti-gluten mania of the 21st century.)</li>
<li>“Long before the next century dawns, systematic reforestation and the scientific management of natural resources will have made an end of all devastating droughts, forest fires, and floods. The universal utilization of water power and its long-distance transmission will supply every household with cheap power.” Along with this optimistic prediction, Tesla foresaw that “the struggle for existence being lessened, there should be development along ideal rather than material lines.”</li>
</ul>
<p>Tesla goes on to predict the elimination of war, “by making every nation, weak or strong, able to defend itself,” after which war chests would be diverted to funding education and research. He then describes—in rather fantastical-sounding terms—an apparatus that “projects particles” and transmits energy, enabling not only a revolution in defense technology, but “undreamed of results in television.” Tesla diagnoses his time as one in which “we suffer from the derangement of our civilization because we have not yet completely adjusted ourselves to the machine age.” The solution, he asserts—along with most futurists, then and now—“does not lie in destroying but in mastering the machine.” As an example of such mastery, Tesla describes the future of “automatons” taking over human labor and the creation of “a thinking machine.”</p>
<p>Matt Novak at the Smithsonian <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nikola-teslas-amazing-predictions-for-the-21st-century-26353702/?no-ist">has analyzed many of Tesla’s claims</a>, interpreting his predictions about “hygiene and physical culture” as a foreshadowing of the EPA and discussing Tesla’s work in robotics (“Today,” Tesla proclaimed, “the robot is an accepted fact”). The <em>Liberty</em> article was not the first time Tesla had made large-scale, public predictions about the century to come and beyond. In 1926, Tesla <a href="http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1926-01-30.htm">gave an interview to <em>Collier’s</em> magazine</a> in which he <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-teslas-incredible-predictions-for-our-connected-1661107313">more or less accurately foresaw smartphones and wireless telephony and computing</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is…. We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket. </em></p></blockquote>
<p>Telsa also made some odd predictions about fuel-less passenger flying machines “free from any limitations of the present airplanes and dirigibles” and spouted more of the scary stuff about eugenics that had <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-tesla-the-eugenicist-eliminating-undesirables-b-512621636">come to obsess him late in life</a>. Additionally, Tesla saw changing gender relations as the precursor of a coming matriarchy. This was not a development he characterized in positive terms. For Tesla, feminism would “end in a new sex order, with the female as superior.” (As Novak notes, Tesla’s misgivings about feminism have made him <a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/why-nikola-tesla-is-an-unlikely-hero-to-mens-rights-act-1661132299">a hero to the so-called “men’s rights” movement</a>.) While he fully granted that women could and would match and surpass men in every field, he warned that “the acquisition of new fields of endeavor by women, their gradual usurpation of leadership, will dull and finally dissipate feminine sensibilities, will choke the maternal instinct, so that marriage and motherhood may become abhorrent and human civilization draw closer and closer to the perfect civilization of the bee.”</p>
<p>It seems to me that a “bee civilization” would appeal to a eugenicist, except, I suppose, Tesla feared becoming a drone. Although he saw the development as inevitable, he still sounds to me like any number of current politicians who argue that society should continue to suppress and discriminate against women for their own good and the good of “civilization.” Tesla may be an outsider hero for geek culture everywhere, but his social attitudes give me the creeps. While I’ve personally always liked the vision of a world in which robots do most the work and we spend most of our money on education, when it comes to the elimination of war, I’m less sanguine about particle rays and more sympathetic to the words of Ivor Cutler.</p>
<p>Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in 2015.</p>
<p>via <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/nikola-teslas-amazing-predictions-for-the-21st-century-26353702/?no-ist">Smithsonian</a>/<a href="http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/nikola-teslas-incredible-predictions-for-our-connected-1661107313">Paleofuture</a></p>
<p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to In 1953, a Telephone-Company Executive Predicts the Rise of Modern Smartphones and Video Calls" href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/01/in-1953-a-telephone-company-executive-predicts-the-rise-of-modern-smartphones-and-video-calls.html" rel="bookmark">In 1953, a Telephone-Company Executive Predicts the Rise of Modern Smartphones and Video Calls</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/01/jules-verne-accurately-predicts-what-the-20th-century-will-look-like.html">Jules Verne Accurately Predicts What the 20th Century Will Look Like in His Lost Novel, <em>Paris in the Twentieth Century</em> (1863)</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to In 1922, a Novelist Predicts What the World Will Look Like in 2022: Wireless Telephones, 8-Hour Flights to Europe &amp; More" href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/in-1922-a-novelist-predicts-what-the-world-will-look-like-in-2022.html" rel="bookmark">In 1922, a Novelist Predicts What the World Will Look Like in 2022: Wireless Telephones, 8-Hour Flights to Europe &amp; More</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/12/ladies-home-journal-publishes-28-predictions.html">In 1900, Ladies’ Home Journal Publishes 28 Predictions for the Year 2000</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Philip K. Dick Makes Off-the-Wall Predictions for the Future: Mars Colonies, Alien Viruses &amp; More (1981)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/03/philip-k-dick-makes-off-the-wall-predictions-for-the-future.html" rel="bookmark">Philip K. Dick Makes Off-the-Wall Predictions for the Future: Mars Colonies, Alien Viruses &amp; More (1981)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at @jdmagness</em></p>
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		<title>The Fiendishly Complicated Board Game That Takes 1,500 Hours to Play: Discover The Campaign for North Africa</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-fiendishly-complicated-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-play-discover-the-campaign-for-north-africa.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/the-fiendishly-complicated-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-play-discover-the-campaign-for-north-africa.html#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Colin Marshall]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2022 12:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Games]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098436</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098438" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1.jpeg" alt="" width="1260" height="788" />

<em>Monopoly</em> is notoriously time-consuming. On the childhood Christmas I received my first copy of that Parker Brothers classic, my dad and I started a game that ended up spreading over two or three days. That may have had to do with my appreciation for Monopoly's aesthetic far exceeding my grasp of its aim, and I've since realized that it can be played in about an hour. That's still a good deal longer than, say, a game of checkers, but it falls somewhat short of the league occupied by <em>The Campaign for North Africa</em> — which is, in fact, a league of its own. Since its publication in 1979, it's been known as the longest board game in existence, requiring 1,500 hours (or 62 days) to complete.

We are, of course, talking about a war game, and that genre has its own standards of complexity — standards <em>The Campaign for North Africa</em> leaves in the dust. "The game itself covers the famous WWII operations in Libya and Egypt between 1940 and 1943," <a href="https://kotaku.com/the-notorious-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-compl-1818510912">writes Kotaku's Luke Winkle</a>. "You’ll need to recruit 10 total players, (five Allied, five Axis,) who will each lord over a specialized division. The Front-line and Air Commanders will issue orders to the troops in battle, the Rear and Logistics Commanders will ferry supplies to the combat areas, and lastly, a Commander-in-Chief will be responsible for all macro strategic decisions over the course of the conflict. If you and your group meets for three hours at a time, twice a month, you’d wrap up the campaign in about 20 years."

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

You can get an idea of what you'd be dealing with over those two decades in<a href="https://youtu.be/u7PAK5B8JC4"> the video below</a> from Youtuber Phasing Player, an overview that itself takes about an hour and a half. "Honestly, if I'm being straight-up here, this game does sound, broadly speaking, like a fun time," he says, half an hour deep into the explanation. "Imagine setting up a giant map of Africa," getting your friends together, "Sarah's in charge of the air force and Jim is in charge of logistics. You have all these people in charge of different things, and you're communicating strategies, and the commander-in-chief is formulating plans and doing all this stuff. That sounds like a real hoot, right?" Alas, "the big asterisk comes in when that good time has to last literally a thousand hours," involving what another player quoted by Winkle<span style="font-size: 13pt;"> calls </span>"doing tedious calculations all the time."

httpv://youtu.be/u7PAK5B8JC4

Those calculations necessitate paying close attention, on every single turn, to not just quantities like fuel reserves but the historically accurate size of the barrels containing those reserves. Note also that, as Winkle adds, "the Italian troops in World War II were outfitted with noodle rations, and in the name of historical dogma, the player responsible for the Italians is required to distribute an extra water ration to their forces, so that their pasta may be boiled."<em> The Campaign for North Africa</em>'s designer, the late Richard Berg, claimed that the so-called "pasta rule" was a joke, and that the game's fiendish overall complexity was in keeping with the style of the times, a "golden age" of war gaming with high sales and ever-escalating ambitions. As with so many other seemingly inexplicable artifacts of cultural history, one falls back on a familiar explanation: hey, it was the 70s.

via <a href="https://kotaku.com/the-notorious-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-compl-1818510912">Kotaku</a>

<strong>Related content:</strong>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/12/the-oldest-board-game-in-the-world.html">Watch a Playthrough of the Oldest Board Game in the World, the Sumerian Royal Game of Ur, Circa 2500 BC</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/learn-to-play-senet-the-5000-year-old-ancient-egyptian-game.html">Learn to Play Senet, the 5,000-Year Old Ancient Egyptian Game Beloved by Queens &amp; Pharaohs</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/12/the-fear-and-loathing-in-las-vegas-board-game-inspired-by-hunter-s-thompsons-rollicking-novel.html">The <em>Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas</em> Board Game, Inspired by Hunter S. Thompson’s Rollicking Novel</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to &lt;i&gt;Monopoly&lt;/i&gt;: How the Original Game Was Made to Condemn Monopolies &amp; the Abuses of Capitalism" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/the-original-monopoly-was-made-to-condemn-monopolies.html" rel="bookmark">Monopoly: How the Original Game Was Made to Condemn Monopolies &amp; the Abuses of Capitalism</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/07/download-play-the-shining-board-game-co-created-by-stephen-king.html">Download &amp; Play the <em>Shining</em> Board Game</a>

<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/board-game-ideology-pretty-much-pop-a-culture-podcast-108.html">Board Game Ideology — Pretty Much Pop: A Culture Podcast #108</a>

<em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><p><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1098438" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1.jpeg" alt="" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1.jpeg 1260w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1-360x225.jpeg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1-240x150.jpeg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1-768x480.jpeg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2022/02/07212154/Campaign-for-North-Africa-1-300x188.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1260px) 100vw, 1260px" width="500"/></p>
<p><em>Monopoly</em> is notoriously time-consuming. On the childhood Christmas I received my first copy of that Parker Brothers classic, my dad and I started a game that ended up spreading over two or three days. That may have had to do with my appreciation for Monopoly’s aesthetic far exceeding my grasp of its aim, and I’ve since realized that it can be played in about an hour. That’s still a good deal longer than, say, a game of checkers, but it falls somewhat short of the league occupied by <em>The Campaign for North Africa</em> — which is, in fact, a league of its own. Since its publication in 1979, it’s been known as the longest board game in existence, requiring 1,500 hours (or 62 days) to complete.</p>
<p>We are, of course, talking about a war game, and that genre has its own standards of complexity — standards <em>The Campaign for North Africa</em> leaves in the dust. “The game itself covers the famous WWII operations in Libya and Egypt between 1940 and 1943,” <a href="https://kotaku.com/the-notorious-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-compl-1818510912">writes Kotaku’s Luke Winkle</a>. “You’ll need to recruit 10 total players, (five Allied, five Axis,) who will each lord over a specialized division. The Front-line and Air Commanders will issue orders to the troops in battle, the Rear and Logistics Commanders will ferry supplies to the combat areas, and lastly, a Commander-in-Chief will be responsible for all macro strategic decisions over the course of the conflict. If you and your group meets for three hours at a time, twice a month, you’d wrap up the campaign in about 20 years.”</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
</div>

<p>You can get an idea of what you’d be dealing with over those two decades in<a href="https://youtu.be/u7PAK5B8JC4"> the video below</a> from Youtuber Phasing Player, an overview that itself takes about an hour and a half. “Honestly, if I’m being straight-up here, this game does sound, broadly speaking, like a fun time,” he says, half an hour deep into the explanation. “Imagine setting up a giant map of Africa,” getting your friends together, “Sarah’s in charge of the air force and Jim is in charge of logistics. You have all these people in charge of different things, and you’re communicating strategies, and the commander-in-chief is formulating plans and doing all this stuff. That sounds like a real hoot, right?” Alas, “the big asterisk comes in when that good time has to last literally a thousand hours,” involving what another player quoted by Winkle<span style="font-size: 13pt;"> calls </span>“doing tedious calculations all the time.”</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098436"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u7PAK5B8JC4/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Those calculations necessitate paying close attention, on every single turn, to not just quantities like fuel reserves but the historically accurate size of the barrels containing those reserves. Note also that, as Winkle adds, “the Italian troops in World War II were outfitted with noodle rations, and in the name of historical dogma, the player responsible for the Italians is required to distribute an extra water ration to their forces, so that their pasta may be boiled.”<em> The Campaign for North Africa</em>‘s designer, the late Richard Berg, claimed that the so-called “pasta rule” was a joke, and that the game’s fiendish overall complexity was in keeping with the style of the times, a “golden age” of war gaming with high sales and ever-escalating ambitions. As with so many other seemingly inexplicable artifacts of cultural history, one falls back on a familiar explanation: hey, it was the 70s.</p>
<p>via <a href="https://kotaku.com/the-notorious-board-game-that-takes-1500-hours-to-compl-1818510912">Kotaku</a></p>
<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/12/the-oldest-board-game-in-the-world.html">Watch a Playthrough of the Oldest Board Game in the World, the Sumerian Royal Game of Ur, Circa 2500 BC</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/learn-to-play-senet-the-5000-year-old-ancient-egyptian-game.html">Learn to Play Senet, the 5,000-Year Old Ancient Egyptian Game Beloved by Queens &amp; Pharaohs</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/12/the-fear-and-loathing-in-las-vegas-board-game-inspired-by-hunter-s-thompsons-rollicking-novel.html">The <em>Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas</em> Board Game, Inspired by Hunter S. Thompson’s Rollicking Novel</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to &lt;i&gt;Monopoly&lt;/i&gt;: How the Original Game Was Made to Condemn Monopolies &amp; the Abuses of Capitalism" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/the-original-monopoly-was-made-to-condemn-monopolies.html" rel="bookmark">Monopoly: How the Original Game Was Made to Condemn Monopolies &amp; the Abuses of Capitalism</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/07/download-play-the-shining-board-game-co-created-by-stephen-king.html">Download &amp; Play the <em>Shining</em> Board Game</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/board-game-ideology-pretty-much-pop-a-culture-podcast-108.html">Board Game Ideology — Pretty Much Pop: A Culture Podcast #108</a></p>
<p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a>,<em> the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema" rel="nofollow">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>Pink Floyd&#8217;s Debut on American TV, Restored in Color (1967)</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/pink-floyds-debut-on-american-tv-restored-in-color-1967.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/pink-floyds-debut-on-american-tv-restored-in-color-1967.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[OC]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2022 09:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Television]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098442</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsjAVV_GZqE

Several years ago, Josh Jones <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html">took you inside Pink Floyd's first appearance on American television</a>. In 1967, after releasing their <span style="font-size: 13pt;">first album </span><em style="font-size: 13pt;"><a href="http://amzn.to/1qvoYJh">Piper at the Gates of Dawn</a></em><span style="font-size: 13pt;">, the band came to the States and made their unlikely TV debut on Dick Clark's <em>American Bandstand</em>, performing “Apples and Oranges.” That's the "third single and the final song Barrett wrote for the band before he suffered a psychotic break onstage and was replaced by David Gilmour." </span>

<span style="font-size: 13pt;">Our <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html">original post</a> featured grainy black and white footage of the appearance. Above, you can watch a restored, colorized version that took nearly a year to create. According to the YouTube channel "Artist on the Border," each "frame of the 3350 required frames had to be uploaded individually, downloaded again and individually named." Enjoy the fruits of their labor above.</span>

[snippet slug="tagline-1" /]

<strong>Related Content </strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to Pink Floyd Performs on US Television for the First Time: &lt;i&gt;American Bandstand&lt;/i&gt;, 1967" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html" rel="bookmark">Pink Floyd Performs on US Television for the First Time: American Bandstand, 1967</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Dick Clark Introduces Jefferson Airplane &amp; the Sounds of Psychedelic San Francisco to America: Yes Parents, You Should Be Afraid (1967)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/03/dick-clark-introduces-jefferson-airplane-the-sounds-of-psychedelic-san-francisco.html" rel="bookmark">Dick Clark Introduces Jefferson Airplane &amp; the Sounds of Psychedelic San Francisco to America: Yes Parents, You Should Be Afraid (1967)</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Talking Heads’ First TV Appearance Was on &lt;i&gt;American Bandstand&lt;/i&gt;, and It Was a Little Awkward (1979)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/talking-heads-first-awkward-appearance-on-american-bandstand.html" rel="bookmark">Talking Heads’ First TV Appearance Was on American Bandstand, and It Was a Little Awkward (1979)</a>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098442"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YsjAVV_GZqE/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
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<p>Several years ago, Josh Jones <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html">took you inside Pink Floyd’s first appearance on American television</a>. In 1967, after releasing their <span style="font-size: 13pt;">first album </span><em style="font-size: 13pt;"><a href="http://amzn.to/1qvoYJh">Piper at the Gates of Dawn</a></em><span style="font-size: 13pt;">, the band came to the States and made their unlikely TV debut on Dick Clark’s <em>American Bandstand</em>, performing “Apples and Oranges.” That’s the “third single and the final song Barrett wrote for the band before he suffered a psychotic break onstage and was replaced by David Gilmour.” </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Our <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html">original post</a> featured grainy black and white footage of the appearance. Above, you can watch a restored, colorized version that took nearly a year to create. According to the YouTube channel “Artist on the Border,” each “frame of the 3350 required frames had to be uploaded individually, downloaded again and individually named.” Enjoy the fruits of their labor above.</span></p>
<p>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">please find it here</a>.</p>
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<p><strong>Related Content </strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Pink Floyd Performs on US Television for the First Time: &lt;i&gt;American Bandstand&lt;/i&gt;, 1967" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/pink-floyd-performs-on-us-television-for-the-first-time-american-bandstand-1967.html" rel="bookmark">Pink Floyd Performs on US Television for the First Time: American Bandstand, 1967</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Dick Clark Introduces Jefferson Airplane &amp; the Sounds of Psychedelic San Francisco to America: Yes Parents, You Should Be Afraid (1967)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/03/dick-clark-introduces-jefferson-airplane-the-sounds-of-psychedelic-san-francisco.html" rel="bookmark">Dick Clark Introduces Jefferson Airplane &amp; the Sounds of Psychedelic San Francisco to America: Yes Parents, You Should Be Afraid (1967)</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Talking Heads’ First TV Appearance Was on &lt;i&gt;American Bandstand&lt;/i&gt;, and It Was a Little Awkward (1979)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/talking-heads-first-awkward-appearance-on-american-bandstand.html" rel="bookmark">Talking Heads’ First TV Appearance Was on American Bandstand, and It Was a Little Awkward (1979)</a></p>
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		<title>Tate Kids Presents Introductions to Art Movements: Cubism, Impressionism, Surrealism &#038; More</title>
		<link>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/tate-kids-presents-introductions-to-art-movements-cubism-impressionism-surrealism-more.html</link>
					<comments>https://www.openculture.com/2022/02/tate-kids-presents-introductions-to-art-movements-cubism-impressionism-surrealism-more.html#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ayun Halliday]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Feb 2022 08:01:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Animation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[K-12]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Museums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video - Arts & Culture]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.openculture.com/?p=1098429</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[httpv://youtu.be/UhB0U6OUPIM

Tate Kids has a solid grasp on the sort of hands on art-related content that appeals to children - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhfZ9dLqvUk&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Make a mud painting! </a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15qW8rvfVO4&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Make a spaghetti sculpture</a>! <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8hLx2--qxI&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Photo filter challenge!</a>

Children of all ages, grown ups who skipped out on art history included, will benefit from their breakneck overviews of entire <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv605LytID9X5hI4IR1BMrhOC9Xy1c4DW">art movements</a>.

Take cubism.

[snippet slug="middle_post_ad" /]

The Tate Kids’ animation, above, provides a solid if speedy overview, zipping through eight canvases, six artists, and explanations of the movement's two phases - <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/analytical-cubism">analytical</a> and <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/synthetic-cubism">synthetic</a>. (Three phases if you count <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/o/orphism">Orphism</a>, the abstract, cubist influenced painting style married artists <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-delaunay-992">Robert</a> and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sonia-Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a> hatched around 1912.)

httpv://youtu.be/1YE_Zas-A5A

Given the intended audience, the fond friendship between the fathers of cubism, <a href="https://pcubism.weebly.com/fathers-of-cubism.html">Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso</a> looms large, with nary a peep about Picasso’s <a href="https://hyperallergic.com/457905/why-i-did-not-see-the-picasso-show-at-the-tate-modern/">narcissism and misogyny</a>. And it must be said that the narrator’s tone grates a bit - a bit too loud, a bit too wowed.

httpv://youtu.be/nesTk_6j-0c

The Impressionists come off as the real cool kids, with a different narrator, and nifty collage animations that find <a href="https://www.camille-pissarro.org/">Camille Pissarro</a> <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/a34wk8/throwing-the-metal-horns-is-the-same-as-calling-someone-a-cuck">throwing horns</a> and a Mohawked <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/alfred-sisley-1948">Alfred Sisley</a> as they reject the <a href="https://mymodernmet.com/paris-salon-history/">Salon</a>'s insistence on “myths, battles and paintings of important people.”
<p class="p4">Their defiant spirit is supported by criticism that most definitely has not stood the test of time:<span class="s1">
</span></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="s1">Pure evil!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="s1">Wallpaper!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><em>Like a monkey has got hold of a box of paints!</em></span></p>
httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqJUA2yi1gE

Kid presenters seize the controls for an introduction to the mid-century Japanese avant-garde movement, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/explore/what-is/gutai?utm_source=youtube&amp;utm_medium=organic&amp;utm_campaign=uniqlotateplay">Gutai</a>.

Their conclusion?

Smashing things up is fun!

As are <a href="http://web.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/gutai/data/manifesto.html">manifesto</a>s:
<p class="p6" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>Let’s bid farewell to the hoaxes piled up on the altars and in the palaces, the drawing rooms and the antique shops…Lock up these corpses in the graveyard!</i></span></p>
Yay!

httpv://youtu.be/wnpn2NmZmIY

Those who are poorly equipped to stomach the narrators' whizbang enthusiasm should take a restorative minutes to visit the museum <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/louw-soul-city-pyramid-of-oranges-t13881">oranges in hand</a>, with 12-year-old Jaeda and 9-year-old Fatimatu. Their calm willingness to engage with conceptual art is a tonic:
<p class="p8" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>When I started art, I though art was just about making it perfect, but you don’t have to care what other people say. That could still mean an art to you.</i></span></p>
Watch a Tate Kids Art Movements <a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv605LytID9X5hI4IR1BMrhOC9Xy1c4DW">playlist on YouTube</a>. Supplement what you’ve learned with a host of <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids">Tate Kids</a> <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/make">activities, coloring pages</a>, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/games-quizzes">games, quizzes</a>, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/explore/whos-who">artist bios</a> and a <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/gallery">gallery</a> of crowdsourced kid art.

<strong>Related Content </strong>

<a title="Permanent Link to The Tate Digitizes 70,000 Works of Art: Photos, Sketchbooks, Letters &amp; More" href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/12/the-tate-digitizes-70000-works-of-art.html" rel="bookmark">The Tate Digitizes 70,000 Works of Art: Photos, Sketchbooks, Letters &amp; More</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to Watch the Tate Modern Restore Mark Rothko’s Vandalized Painting, &lt;I&gt;Black on Maroon&lt;/I&gt;: 18 Months of Work Condensed Into 17 Minutes" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/07/watch-the-tate-modern-restore-mark-rothkos-vandalized-painting-black-on-maroon.html" rel="bookmark">Watch the Tate Modern Restore Mark Rothko’s Vandalized Painting, Black on Maroon: 18 Months of Work Condensed Into 17 Minutes</a>

<a title="Permanent Link to A 110-Year-Old Book Illustrated with Photos of Kittens &amp; Cats Taught Kids How to Read" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/10/a-110-year-old-book-illustrated-with-photos-of-kittens-cats-taught-kids-how-to-read.html" rel="bookmark">A 110-Year-Old Book Illustrated with Photos of Kittens &amp; Cats Taught Kids How to Read</a>
<p class="p9"><span class="s5">- <a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s2"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a></span><span class="s6"><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/"><span class="s7"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/microcosmpublishing/creative-not-famous-the-small-potato-manifesto"><span class="s7"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i>.  Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s7"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div/><div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098429"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UhB0U6OUPIM/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Tate Kids has a solid grasp on the sort of hands on art-related content that appeals to children – <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhfZ9dLqvUk&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Make a mud painting! </a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15qW8rvfVO4&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Make a spaghetti sculpture</a>! <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8hLx2--qxI&amp;ab_channel=TateKids">Photo filter challenge!</a></p>
<p>Children of all ages, grown ups who skipped out on art history included, will benefit from their breakneck overviews of entire <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv605LytID9X5hI4IR1BMrhOC9Xy1c4DW">art movements</a>.</p>
<p>Take cubism.</p>
<div class="oc-center-da">
<br/>
<script src="https://contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUC8P665"/>
</div>

<p>The Tate Kids’ animation, above, provides a solid if speedy overview, zipping through eight canvases, six artists, and explanations of the movement’s two phases – <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/analytical-cubism">analytical</a> and <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/synthetic-cubism">synthetic</a>. (Three phases if you count <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/o/orphism">Orphism</a>, the abstract, cubist influenced painting style married artists <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-delaunay-992">Robert</a> and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sonia-Delaunay">Sonia Delaunay</a> hatched around 1912.)</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098429"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1YE_Zas-A5A/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Given the intended audience, the fond friendship between the fathers of cubism, <a href="https://pcubism.weebly.com/fathers-of-cubism.html">Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso</a> looms large, with nary a peep about Picasso’s <a href="https://hyperallergic.com/457905/why-i-did-not-see-the-picasso-show-at-the-tate-modern/">narcissism and misogyny</a>. And it must be said that the narrator’s tone grates a bit – a bit too loud, a bit too wowed.</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098429"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nesTk_6j-0c/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>The Impressionists come off as the real cool kids, with a different narrator, and nifty collage animations that find <a href="https://www.camille-pissarro.org/">Camille Pissarro</a> <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/a34wk8/throwing-the-metal-horns-is-the-same-as-calling-someone-a-cuck">throwing horns</a> and a Mohawked <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/alfred-sisley-1948">Alfred Sisley</a> as they reject the <a href="https://mymodernmet.com/paris-salon-history/">Salon</a>‘s insistence on “myths, battles and paintings of important people.”</p>
<p class="p4">Their defiant spirit is supported by criticism that most definitely has not stood the test of time:<span class="s1"><br/>
</span></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="s1">Pure evil!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="s1">Wallpaper!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></em></p>
<p class="p4" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><em>Like a monkey has got hold of a box of paints!</em></span></p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098429"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qqJUA2yi1gE/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Kid presenters seize the controls for an introduction to the mid-century Japanese avant-garde movement, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/explore/what-is/gutai?utm_source=youtube&amp;utm_medium=organic&amp;utm_campaign=uniqlotateplay">Gutai</a>.</p>
<p>Their conclusion?</p>
<p>Smashing things up is fun!</p>
<p>As are <a href="http://web.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/gutai/data/manifesto.html">manifesto</a>s:</p>
<p class="p6" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>Let’s bid farewell to the hoaxes piled up on the altars and in the palaces, the drawing rooms and the antique shops…Lock up these corpses in the graveyard!</i></span></p>
<p>Yay!</p>
<div class="oc-video-wrapper">
<div class="oc-video-container">
<p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/?post_type=post&amp;p=1098429"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wnpn2NmZmIY/maxresdefault.jpg" border="0" width="500"/></a></p>
</div>
<p>	<!-- /oc-video-embed -->
</p></div>
<p><!-- /oc-video-wrapper --></p>
<p>Those who are poorly equipped to stomach the narrators’ whizbang enthusiasm should take a restorative minutes to visit the museum <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/louw-soul-city-pyramid-of-oranges-t13881">oranges in hand</a>, with 12-year-old Jaeda and 9-year-old Fatimatu. Their calm willingness to engage with conceptual art is a tonic:</p>
<p class="p8" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>When I started art, I though art was just about making it perfect, but you don’t have to care what other people say. That could still mean an art to you.</i></span></p>
<p>Watch a Tate Kids Art Movements <a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv605LytID9X5hI4IR1BMrhOC9Xy1c4DW">playlist on YouTube</a>. Supplement what you’ve learned with a host of <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids">Tate Kids</a> <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/make">activities, coloring pages</a>, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/games-quizzes">games, quizzes</a>, <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/explore/whos-who">artist bios</a> and a <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/kids/gallery">gallery</a> of crowdsourced kid art.</p>
<p><strong>Related Content </strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to The Tate Digitizes 70,000 Works of Art: Photos, Sketchbooks, Letters &amp; More" href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/12/the-tate-digitizes-70000-works-of-art.html" rel="bookmark">The Tate Digitizes 70,000 Works of Art: Photos, Sketchbooks, Letters &amp; More</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to Watch the Tate Modern Restore Mark Rothko’s Vandalized Painting, &lt;I&gt;Black on Maroon&lt;/I&gt;: 18 Months of Work Condensed Into 17 Minutes" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/07/watch-the-tate-modern-restore-mark-rothkos-vandalized-painting-black-on-maroon.html" rel="bookmark">Watch the Tate Modern Restore Mark Rothko’s Vandalized Painting, Black on Maroon: 18 Months of Work Condensed Into 17 Minutes</a></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to A 110-Year-Old Book Illustrated with Photos of Kittens &amp; Cats Taught Kids How to Read" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/10/a-110-year-old-book-illustrated-with-photos-of-kittens-cats-taught-kids-how-to-read.html" rel="bookmark">A 110-Year-Old Book Illustrated with Photos of Kittens &amp; Cats Taught Kids How to Read</a></p>
<p class="p9"><span class="s5">– <a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s2"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a></span><span class="s6"><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/"><span class="s7"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/microcosmpublishing/creative-not-famous-the-small-potato-manifesto"><span class="s7"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i>.  Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s7"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p>
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