OpenTutorial - New pages [en]

Reclaim screen real estate from firefox

2009-09-30T17:49:18Z

Summary: New page: Are you tired of toolbars and tabs slowly robbing you of your screen space? Here are some Firefox extensions you can use to help regain your precious screen real estate. This has been tes...

Are you tired of toolbars and tabs slowly robbing you of your screen space? Here are some Firefox extensions you can use to help regain your precious screen real estate.

This has been tested using Firefox 3.5 go to [http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ www.mozilla.com/firefox/] to get firefox.

== How We Will Do this ==
Here are 3 ways we are going to regain our screen.

# Autohide toolbars
# Shrink Bookmark toolbar items to their favicons only
# Shrink tabs to their favicons

== Install The Stylish Firefox Extension ==

Stylish is a very nice plugin for customizing the display settings of websites, it also has the ability to customize the look and feel of Firefox using CSS. Don't worry if you don't even know what CSS means, Stylish has a bunch of user contributed CSS that we will use so no coding is necessary.

* Go to [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2108 https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2108]
* Click the "Add to Firefox" button and follow the directions given.
** Restart Firefox as directed

For more info about Stylish visit [http://userstyles.org/ http://userstyles.org/]

{{adsense2}}

== Autohide Google Toolbars ==

Next you need to decide how you want to hide your toolbars. Here are your options.

* Autohide All toolbars [http://userstyles.org/styles/17154 http://userstyles.org/styles/17154]
* Autohide just your bookmark toolbar [http://userstyles.org/styles/1228 http://userstyles.org/styles/1228]
* Autohide Just your Google toolbar [http://userstyles.org/styles/12681 http://userstyles.org/styles/12681]

=== Install The Correct Stylish Styles ===

* To install a Stylish style go to the web page for the style.
* At the top of the page on the right is a menu
* Click the "Install with Stylish" button
* Click the Install button

== Autohide Text In Toolbar, Display Favicon Only ==

* Go to [http://userstyles.org/styles/1629 http://userstyles.org/styles/1629]
* At the top of the page on the right is a menu
* Click the "Install with Stylish" button
* Click the Install button

== Add the Faviconize Tab Firefox Extension ==

* Go to [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3780 https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3780]
* Click the "Add to Firefox" button and follow the directions given.
** Restart Firefox as directed

Congratulations you have just now reclaimed your browser space. Enjoy your feeling of empowerment!

== Bibliography ==

== Amazon's Related Products ==

== See Also ==

== External Links ==

Make an Internet video player in a very easy way

2009-09-15T04:13:47Z

Summary:

Below is the tutorial shows how to make custom Flash [http://www.playerdiy.com/ FLV player] with a few mouse-clicks with playerdiy.com

Step 1. Download '''Moyea Web Player''' from [http://www.playerdiy.com/ playerdiy.com] and launch it on PC.

Step 2. Input flash videos that to be played on web page into Moyea Web Player (If the videos are not flash videos, please [http://www.playerdiy.com/flash-video-converters.html convert them to]).

Step 3. Choose a player skin(here use the default one), and remove the embed code area.

[[{{ns:image}}:Choose-skin.jpg|choose skin for web flv player]]

[[{{ns:image}}:Remove-embed-code.jpg|remove embed code area from web flv player]]

Check "Auto choose next" to make the player can player next video automatically

[[{{ns:image}}:Choose-next-video.jpg|choose next flv on web flv player]]

'''Step 4.''' Click “Publish” button to generate a web flash video player and other related files (Note: if you want to get a separate playlist file, please check “Out File”)

'''Step 5.''' Upload all the published files except the index.html file, to the same folder with your web page file on your web server

'''Step 6.''' Embed the generated player onto your webpage with the embed code below (you can get it on the generated index.html file):

<script type="text/javascript" src="swfobject.js"></script>
<div id="flashcontent">Player will show here</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var so = new SWFObject('mwplayer.swf','player','500','450','9');
so.addParam('wmode','opaque');
so.addParam('quality','high');
so.addParam('allowfullscreen','true');
so.addParam('allowscriptaccess','always');
so.write("flashcontent");
</script>

Note:
1. No <object> </object> tag outside the embed code.

2. mwplayer.swf is the actual flash video player. If it resides in another directory, then point to it with a relative path (e.g. /player/mwplayer.swf) or an absolute path (e.g. http://www.yourdomain.com/player/mwplayer.swf ).

For example:

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.yourdomain.com/players/swfobject.js"></script>
<div id="flashcontent">Player will show here</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var so = new SWFObject('http://www.yourdomain.com/players/mwplayer.swf','player','500','450','9');
so.addParam('wmode','opaque');
so.addParam('quality','high');
so.addParam('allowfullscreen','true');
so.addParam('allowscriptaccess','always');
so.write("flashcontent");
</script>

3. '500','450' is the width and the height of the player, you could change them to change the player size.

'''Step 7.''' The [http://www.playerdiy.com/ flash video player] will appear on your website.

== See Also ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWFObject SWFObject] on wikipedia

Repair your credit

2009-08-05T23:54:25Z

Summary: New page: == Credit Repair: How to Help Yourself == You see the advertisements in newspapers, on TV, and on the Internet. You hear them on the radio. You get fliers in the mail, and maybe even call...

== Credit Repair: How to Help Yourself ==

You see the advertisements in newspapers, on TV, and on the Internet. You hear them on the radio. You get fliers in the mail, and maybe even calls offering credit repair services. They all make the same claims:

"Credit problems? No problem!"

"We can remove bankruptcies, judgments, liens, and bad loans from your credit file forever!"

"We can erase your bad credit - 100% guaranteed."

"Create a new credit identity - legally."

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) says do yourself a favor and save some money, too. Don’t believe these claims: they’re very likely signs of a scam. Indeed, attorneys at the nation’s consumer protection agency say they’ve never seen a legitimate credit repair operation making those claims. The fact is there’s no quick fix for creditworthiness. You can improve your credit report legitimately, but it takes time, a conscious effort, and sticking to a personal debt repayment plan.

=== Recognizing a Credit Repair Scam ===

Everyday, companies target consumers who have poor credit histories with promises to clean up their credit report so they can get a car loan, a home mortgage, insurance, or even a job once they pay them a fee for the service. The truth is, these companies can’t deliver an improved credit report for you using the tactics they promote. It’s illegal: No one can remove accurate negative information from your credit report. So after you pay them hundreds or thousands of dollars in fees, you’re left with the same credit report and someone else has your money.

If you see a credit repair offer, here’s how to tell if the company behind it is up to no good:

* The company wants you to pay for credit repair services before they provide any services. Under the Credit Repair Organizations Act, credit repair companies cannot require you to pay until they have completed the services they have promised.
* The company doesn’t tell you your rights and what you can do for yourself for free.
* The company recommends that you do not contact any of the three major national credit reporting companies directly.
* The company tells you they can get rid of most or all the negative credit information in your credit report, even if that information is accurate and current.
* The company suggests that you try to invent a "new" credit identity - and then, a new credit report - by applying for an Employer Identification Number to use instead of your Social Security number.
* The company advises you to dispute all the information in your credit report, regardless of its accuracy or timeliness.

If you follow illegal advice and commit fraud, you may find yourself in legal hot water, too: It’s a federal crime to lie on a loan or credit application, to misrepresent your Social Security number, and to obtain an Employer Identification Number from the Internal Revenue Service under false pretenses. You could be charged and prosecuted for mail or wire fraud if you use the mail, telephone, or Internet to apply for credit and provide false information.

=== Your Rights Regarding Credit Repair ===

No one can legally remove accurate and timely negative information from a credit report. The law allows you to ask for an investigation of information in your file that you dispute as inaccurate or incomplete. There is no charge for this. Some people hire a company to investigate on their behalf, but anything a credit repair clinic can do legally, you can do for yourself at little or no cost. According to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA):

* You’re entitled to a free report if a company takes "adverse action" against you, like denying your application for credit, insurance, or employment. You have to ask for your report within 60 days of receiving notice of the action. The notice will give you the name, address, and phone number of the consumer reporting company. You’re also entitled to one free report a year if you’re unemployed and plan to look for a job within 60 days; if you’re on welfare; or if your report is inaccurate because of fraud, including identity theft.
* Each of the nationwide consumer reporting companies - Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion - is required to provide you with a free copy of your credit report once every 12 months, if you ask for it. The three companies have a central website, a toll-free telephone number, and a mailing address for consumers to order the free annual credit reports the government entitles them to. To order, click on [http://www.annualcreditreport.com/ annualcreditreport.com], call 1-877-322-8228, or complete the Annual Credit Report Request Form and mail it to:

Annual Credit Report Request Service
P.O. Box 105281
Atlanta, GA 30348-5281

You can use the form in this brochure, or you can print it from [http://www.ftc.gov/credit ftc.gov/credit]. You may order reports from each of the three consumer reporting companies at the same time, or you can stagger your requests, ordering one from each company throughout the year from the central address. Don’t contact the three nationwide consumer reporting companies individually or at another address because you may end up paying for a report that you’re entitled to get for free. In fact, each consumer reporting company may charge you up to $10.50 to purchase an additional copy of your report within a 12-month period.

* It doesn’t cost anything to dispute mistakes or outdated items on your credit report. Under the FCRA, both the consumer reporting company and the information provider (that is, the person, company, or organization that provides information about you to a consumer reporting company) are responsible for correcting inaccurate or incomplete information in your report. To take advantage of all your rights under the FCRA, contact the consumer reporting company and the information provider.

=== Helping Yourself ===

'''Step 1''': Tell the consumer reporting company, in writing, what information you think is inaccurate. Include copies (NOT originals) of any documents that support your position. In addition to providing your complete name and address, your letter should identify each item in your report you dispute; state the facts and the reasons you dispute the information, and ask that it be removed or corrected. You may want to enclose a copy of your report, and circle the items in question. Send your letter by certified mail, "return receipt requested," so you can document that the consumer reporting company received it. Keep copies of your dispute letter and enclosures.
Your letter may look something like the one below.

==== Sample Dispute Letter ====

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="600" align="center" padding="10"
|-
|
Date<br>
Your Name<br>
Your Address,
City, State, Zip Code<br>

Complaint Department<br>
Name of Company<br>
Address<br>
City, State, Zip Code<br>

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am writing to dispute the following information in my file. The items I dispute also are encircled on the attached copy of the report I received.

This item (identify item(s) disputed by name of source, such as creditors or tax court, and identify type of item, such as credit account, judgment, etc.) is (inaccurate or incomplete) because (describe what is inaccurate or incomplete and why). I am requesting that the item be deleted (or request another specific change) to correct the information.

Enclosed are copies of (use this sentence if applicable and describe any enclosed documentation, such as payment records, court documents) supporting my position. Please investigate this (these) matter(s) and (delete or correct) the disputed item(s) as soon as possible.

Sincerely,<br>
Your name

Enclosures: (List what you are enclosing.)
|}

Consumer reporting companies must investigate the items you question within 30 days - unless they consider your dispute frivolous. They also must forward all the relevant data you provide about the inaccuracy to the organization that provided the information. After the information provider receives notice of a dispute from the consumer reporting company, it is required to investigate, review the relevant information, and report the results back to the consumer reporting company. If this investigation reveals that the disputed information is inaccurate, the information provider has to notify the nationwide consumer reporting companies so they can correct it in your file.

When the investigation is complete, the consumer reporting company must give you the results in writing, too, and a free copy of your report if the dispute results in a change. If an item is changed or deleted, the consumer reporting company is not permitted to put the disputed information back in your file unless the information provider verifies that it is accurate and complete. The consumer reporting company also must send you written notice that includes the name, address, and phone number of the information provider. If you ask, the consumer reporting company must send notices of any correction to anyone who received your report in the past six months. You also can ask that a corrected copy of your report be sent to anyone who received a copy during the past two years for employment purposes.

If an investigation doesn’t resolve your dispute with the consumer reporting company, you can ask that a statement of the dispute be included in your file and in future reports. You also can ask the consumer reporting company to provide your statement to anyone who received a copy of your report in the recent past. You can expect to pay for this service.

'''Step 2''': Tell the creditor or other information provider, in writing, that you dispute an item. Be sure to include copies (NOT originals) of documents that support your position. Many providers specify an address for disputes. If the provider reports the item to a consumer reporting company, it must include a notice of your dispute. And if you are correct - that is, if the information is found to be inaccurate - the information provider may not report it again.

=== Reporting Accurate Negative Information ===

When negative information in your report is accurate, only the passage of time can assure its removal. A consumer reporting company can report most accurate negative information for seven years and bankruptcy information for 10 years. Information about an unpaid judgment against you can be reported for seven years or until the statute of limitations runs out, whichever is longer. To calculate the seven-year reporting period, start from the date the event took place. There is no time limit on reporting information about criminal convictions; information reported in response to your application for a job that pays more than $75,000 a year; and information reported because you’ve applied for more than $150,000 worth of credit or life insurance.

=== The Credit Repair Organizations Act ===

Credit repair organizations must give you a copy of the "Consumer Credit File Rights Under State and Federal Law" before you sign a contract. They also must give you a written contract that spells out your rights and obligations. Read these documents before you sign anything. And before signing, know that a credit repair company cannot:

* make false claims about their services
* charge you until they have completed the promised services
* perform any services until they have your signature on a written contract and have completed a three-day waiting period. During this time, you can cancel the contract without paying any fees.

'''Before you sign a contract, be sure it specifies:'''

* the payment terms for services, including the total cost
* a detailed description of the services the company will perform
* how long it will take to achieve the result
* any guarantees the company offer
* the company’s name and business address

=== Have You Been Victimized? ===

Many states have laws regulating credit repair companies. State law enforcement officials may be helpful if you’ve lost money to credit repair scams. Don’t be embarrassed to report a problem with a credit repair company. While you may fear that contacting the government could make your problems worse, remember that laws are in place to protect you. Contact your local consumer affairs office or your state Attorney General (AGs). Many AGs have toll-free consumer hotlines; check the Blue Pages of your telephone directory for the phone number or [http://www.naag.org/ www.naag.org] for a list of state attorneys general.

=== If You Need Help ===

Just because you have a poor credit report doesn’t mean you can’t get credit. Creditors set their own standards, and not all look at your credit history the same way. Some may look only at recent years to evaluate you for credit, and they may give you credit if your bill-paying history has improved. It may be worthwhile to contact creditors informally to discuss their credit standards.

If you’re not disciplined enough to create a workable budget and stick to it, to work out a repayment plan with your creditors, or to keep track of your mounting bills, you might consider contacting a credit counseling organization. Many credit counseling organizations are nonprofit and work with you to solve your financial problems. But remember that "nonprofit" status doesn’t guarantee free, affordable, or even legitimate services. In fact, some credit counseling organizations - even some that claim non-profit status - may charge high fees or hide their fees by pressuring consumers to make "voluntary" contributions that only cause more debt.

Most credit counselors offer services through local offices, the Internet, or on the telephone. If possible, find an organization that offers in-person counseling. Many universities, military bases, credit unions, housing authorities, and branches of the U.S. Cooperative Extension Service operate nonprofit credit counseling programs. Your financial institution, local consumer protection agency, and friends and family also may be good sources of information and referrals.

If you are considering filing for bankruptcy, be aware that bankruptcy laws require that you get credit counseling from a government-approved organization within six months before you file for bankruptcy relief. You can find a state-by-state list of government-approved organizations at [http://www.usdoj.gov/ust www.usdoj.gov/ust], the website of the U.S. Trustee Program. That’s the organization within the U.S. Department of Justice that supervises bankruptcy cases and trustees. Be wary of credit counseling organizations that say they are government-approved, but do not appear on the list of approved organizations.

Reputable credit counseling organizations can advise you on managing your money and debts, help you develop a budget, and offer free educational materials and workshops. Their counselors are certified and trained in the areas of consumer credit, money and debt management, and budgeting. Counselors discuss your entire financial situation with you, and can help you develop a personalized plan to solve your money problems. An initial counseling session typically lasts an hour, with an offer of follow-up sessions.

=== Do-It-Yourself Check-Up ===

Regardless of your credit history, financial advisors and consumer advocates recommend reviewing your credit report periodically for three important reasons:

# The information in your credit report affects whether you can get a loan or insurance - and how much you will have to pay for it.
# It’s important to make sure the information is accurate, complete, and up-to-date before you apply for a loan for a major purchase like a house or car, buy insurance, or apply for a job.
# It can help you deter, detect and defend against identity theft. That’s when someone uses your personal information - like your name, your Social Security number, or your credit card number - to commit fraud. Identity thieves may use your information to open a new credit card account in your name. Then, when they don’t pay the bills, the delinquent account is reported on your credit report. Inaccurate information like that could affect your ability to get credit, insurance, or even a job.

{{adsense2}}

== For More Information ==

To learn how to improve your credit worthiness and find legitimate resources for low or no-cost help, please see the following publications at [http://www.ftc.gov/credit ftc.gov/credit].

* [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre34.shtm Your Access to Free Credit Reports] - Explains why it is important to monitor your credit history, how to request a report, and how to dispute errors.
* [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre21.shtm How to Dispute Credit Report Errors] - Explains how to dispute and correct inaccurate information in your credit report. Includes a sample dispute letter.
* [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre03.shtm Building a Better Credit Report] - Learn how to legally improve your credit report, how to deal with debt, how to spot credit-related scams, and more.
* [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre19.shtm Knee Deep in Debt] - Discusses options to help you get back in the black, including: realistic budgeting, credit counseling from a reputable organization, debt consolidation, or bankruptcy.
* [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre26.shtm Fiscal Fitness: Choosing a Credit Counselor] - Defines debt repayment plans, explains the differences between secured and unsecured debt, and offers questions to ask credit counseling agencies if you consider using their services.

The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop, and avoid them. To file a [https://www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov/ complaint] or to get [http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/consumer.shtm free information on consumer issues], visit [http://www.ftc.gov/ ftc.gov] or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The FTC enters consumer complaints into the [http://www.ftc.gov/sentinel Consumer Sentinel Network], a secure online database and investigative tool used by hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1581605013
* (ISBN 0470276738
* (ISBN 1891945009

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B0015XAT9S
* (ASIN B001EB2X1I
* (ASIN B001L4622Y

== See Also ==

== External Links ==

Properly wash your face

2009-06-02T20:26:45Z

Summary: New page: Face washing is often the core of beautiful face. Before you apply all those cosmetics or medications for your acne, experts always tell you to wash your face. == How to Properly Wash You...

Face washing is often the core of beautiful face. Before you apply all those cosmetics or medications for your acne, experts always tell you to wash your face.

== How to Properly Wash Your Face ==
Cleaning is essential in maintaining beautiful and healthy skin. And since we always want to put our "best face forward," here are several tips that we compiled on how to properly wash your face.
# Remove every trace of make-up/cosmetic on your face. Use cotton ball and moisturizing cream to avoid damaging your skin.
# Use lukewarm water. Avoid using too hot and too cold water that can dry out your skin. This will also open the pores for deeper cleansing.
# Avoid strong or harsh soaps/ cleansers. Strong soaps can dry your skin and strip off natural lipids. Choose soap that are mild if you prefer soap, or you can always choose cleansers that are soap- free, non- comedogenic, and mild like Cetaphil, Burt Bee’s or Neutrogena.
# Massage face by gently rotating upwards your middle ring and pinky fingers. Remember that hard rubbing will actually do more harm than good.
# Rinse face well to remove all residue of soap or cleanser. Residues left behind can actually clog your pores. Facial cleansers can leave an invisible residue behind which can clog your pores. Rinse three times, then rinse again.
# Pat dry with soft, non- abrasive towel. Never ever rub your face.
# Use an alcohol- free toner on your face. It should make your face feel smooth and refreshed. Astringents and toners with glycolic or alpha hydroxy acids work the best for toning the face. These acids actually can reduce the pore size, and help avoid ingrown hairs. They are aggressive and have quick results. Remember to look for a product that is not photosensitive (sensitive to light).
# Finish off with moisturizer to replenish the natural oils that has been lost. Moisturizing is a necessity. Again, the product with the least amount of chemical additives is the best. Always use a light moisturizer on your face after cleansing. For an intensive moisture treatment use pure vitamin E, or aloe vera oil. It is available in liquid form, or just break open a capsule and apply the oil directly to the skin.

Those are eight simple steps that would help you keep your face clean and beautiful. Start today for a more refreshed and beautiful you.

== External Links ==
* [http://www.clearpores.com/clicks/clickthrough.html?a=178342 www.clearpores.com] Endorsed by Doctors and Herbalists

Create own social network

2009-05-12T22:04:58Z

Summary: Begining the process of cleanup

{{cleanup|needs formatting for readability and pre-loaded template cleanup}}
== Create your own social network ==

There are two ways of creating an own social network:

# write the whole code by your own and get it on a server
# Use a free offer on the Web.

First is very complex, second is easier. If you have no time then choose second, if you want the best, get a lot of books and time and choose first.

The second way is to use what is offered for free. Technology platform providers offering possibility to create an own social network with no coding:

* Ning ( ning.com)
* Wackwall ( http://wackwall.com/)
* KickApps ( kickapps.com )
* CrowdVine ( crowdvine.com)
* GoingOn ( goingon.com)
* CollectiveX ( collectivex.com)
* Me.com ( me.com)
* ONEsite ( onesite.com)
* Haystack ( cerado.com)
* PeopleAggregator ( http://www.broadbandmechanics.com/)

See also: http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/07/24/9-ways-to-build-your-own-social-network/

Thank you for creating a new tutorial. This text has been pre loaded as a guideline for you to follow. Please replace this and the following texts appropriately, in order to maintain a consistent look and feel for all of OpenTutorial's tutorial pages. This section is to be replaced by the introduction to your tutorial, a brief paragraph explaining the purpose of the tutorial. Place no headings above this paragraph.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0470043997
* (ISBN 1591841380
* (ISBN 020171499X

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000MU82WG
* (ASIN B0009FIS3M
* (ASIN B000EGMAK8

== See Also ==
* [[Help:Posting rules]]
* [[Help:Create a page on OpenTutorial]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.kolomona.com www.Kolomona.com] Kolomona's Website
* [http://www.motivetokill.com www.MotiveToKill.com] Tacoma's Premiere Metal Band
* [http://www.revision3.com www.Revision3.com] Awesome video podcast site

== Headline text ==

Install a hard drive

2009-05-12T21:46:45Z

Summary: Begining the process of cleanup

{{cleanup|needs formatting for readability and pre-loaded template cleanup}}

Attention: read carefully before doing anything. Don't forget to shutdown your computer and to unplug the power cord of it before doing anything, and to plug in the power cord again after everything is done.

Hello everyone, let's try to create a tutorial. Maybe there will be some language problems but together I hope we can get it.

A hard drive (HD) is the main data storage device of a computer.

The installation of a hard drive consists of three parts.

# Installation of the HD into the computer's case
# Setup and configuration of drivers and or software
# Partitioning and formatting the media

== The First Step ==

* Get the case open. Maybe you will have to unscrew the screws which fix the case door.
** Each computer case differs from manufacture to manufacture so you may need to refer to your owner's manual for instructions relating to your particular PC
* Identify your hard drive type.
** There are two hard drive types, IDE or SATA

Look what type is your hard drive of ( (E)IDE or SATA) and look for corresponding connectors on the mainboard. If your computer - both mainboard and power supply unit - supports SATA you will need a free slot and a SATA data cable. Most modern new mainboards support SATA, and if you bought an "upgrade set" with such a mainboard SATA data cables are very probably distributed with it. If your motherboard only supports (E)IDE you need a free slot or rather a free connector on one of IDE data cables. If there are no free slots and, in the case of IDE, no free connectors, you need a free slot for PCI extension cards and an extra hard drive controller as extension card, supporting the hard drive type your hard drive is of. If there are no free slots for hard drive data cables, no free connectors on IDE hard drive data cables and no free slots for extension cards you will not be able to install a hard drive.

If there are free slots for SATA, free slots or connectors for (E)IDE look for a power cable for your hard drive. If there are no free power cables you can try using a "multiplier" if you have one but it is not recommended, as your system may become unstable.

You will also need a data cable for your hard drive, some screws like what allready installed hard drives have and in the case of IDE maybe one to three jumpers. Look where other hard drives are allready installed - these are 3.5 inch shafts, you need one free 3.5 inch shaft for your hard drive. If there isn't any you can try to install a 3.5 inch (normal) hard drive into a 5.25 inch shaft ( like where your CD/DVD-ROM drive is installed) and fix it there on the right or left border of shaft by screws, but it is better to install the drive into a 3.5 inch shaft.
* If you have all required then put the hard drive into the shaft so you can access the side with connectors for power and data cables, lace it so that you can fix it by screws, fix it by screws, connect the cables to the connectors ofthe hard drive, connect the data cable to the free slot on the motherboard in case of SATA, then get the computer box closed and screwed.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0470043997
* (ISBN 1591841380
* (ISBN 020171499X

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000MU82WG
* (ASIN B0009FIS3M
* (ASIN B000EGMAK8

== See Also ==
* [[Help:Posting rules]]
* [[Help:Create a page on OpenTutorial]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.kolomona.com www.Kolomona.com] Kolomona's Website
* [http://www.motivetokill.com www.MotiveToKill.com] Tacoma's Premiere Metal Band
* [http://www.revision3.com www.Revision3.com] Awesome video podcast site

Make fire text using photoshop

2009-01-16T03:05:06Z

Summary: Added intro text

An easy to follow tutorial that that reveals true magic that lies within Adobe's Photoshop. You'll be amazed how easy it is to follow along and create very realistic fire.

[[image:Fire Text.jpg|thumb|right|Click image to enlarge]]

== Create The Document ==
* Create a new file
* 640 x 360 at 150 dpi

== Video Tutorial ==

Coming soon...

<center>
<YouTube>
title=How to Make Fire Text Using Photoshop
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzQtEI5gF2U
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/TzQtEI5gF2U&hl=en&fs=1
wrap = no
width=640
height=380
</YouTube>
</center>

== Setting the Stage ==
* Select the default foreground and background colors by pressing the "D" key.
* Fill the background with black by pressing Alt+Backspace

== Place The Text ==
* Select the text tool
* set the font to Monotype Corsiva
* set the size to 110pt
* set the font color to white
* Type OT on the image
* Place the text slightly below center to allow for flame wisps

== Setup For The Flame ==
* Duplicate the "OT" Text layer by pressing Crtl+J
* Turn off the layer named "OT copy" by clicking its eyeball on the layers window
* Add a layer style to the OT copy layer by double clicking it in the layer window
* Under Blending options set the Fill Opacity to 0 located under the Advanced Blending section
* Select the "Outer Glow" style
** Set the Size to 4px
** Click the color box and set the RGB value to #ffb017
* Select the "Inner Glow" style
** Set the opacity to 100%
** Click the color box and set the RGB value to #ff9c00
** Set the size to 11px
* Click OK
* Make the OT layer visible by clicking on it's emtpty eyeball box
* Add a layer style to the OT layer by double clicking it in the layer window
* Under Blending options set the Fill Opacity to 0 located under the Advanced Blending section
* Select the "Outer Glow" style
** Set the Size to 28px
** Click the color box and set the RGB value to #ff4e00
* Select the "Inner Glow" style
** Set the opacity to 100%
** Click the color box and set the RGB value to #ffc600
** Set the size to 18px
* Click OK

== Flame On ==
* Select the smudge tool
* set the smudge tool settings
** Hardness to 25%
** Strength to 75%
** Diameter to 20px
* With the OT copy layer selected, use the smudge tool to pull out wisps of flames (see video time = )

{{adsense2}}

== Enhance The Flames ==
* Turn the OT layer into a selection by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking it's layer icon in the layers window
* Inverse the selection by menu/Select/Inverse ot Shift+Ctrl+I
* Press the Delete key
* Deselect by pressing Ctrl+d
* Turn the OT layer into a selection again by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking it's layer icon in the layers window
* Create a new layer by clicking the new layer icon on the Layers window or Pressing Shift+Ctrl+N
* Bring up the Fill dialog box by pressing Shift+Backspace
** Under Contents set the Use selection to White, Click OK
* Deselect by pressing Ctrl+d
* Set the blending mode of the newest layer to Overlay

There you have it, a very realistic looking fire text effect using Photoshop

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0321555562
* (ISBN 0321580095
* (ISBN 073571388X

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* {{#ASIN:B001EUBSL0}}
* {{#ASIN:B001DMBWXS}}
* {{#ASIN:B00095M4Q4}}

== See Also ==
* [[Make ice text in photoshop]]
* [[Make lightning using photoshop]]
* [[Create a brushed metal texture using Photoshop CS]]
* [[Create neon sign text using photoshop cs]]
* [[Insert an image into text using photoshop]]
* [[Make 3d images]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.youtube.com/OpenTutorial OpenTutorial's video tutorials on YouTube]

[[Category:Photoshop]]

Make ice text in photoshop

2009-01-08T21:35:48Z

Summary: Updated ASINs and ISBNs

[[image:How-to-Make-Ice-Text.jpg|thumb|right]]
This tutorial will use Photoshop to create an '''ice text effect''' using '''Photoshop CS3'''. This is just another one in the "Bert Monroy" series, inspired by the Photoshop master, Bert Monroy's PixelPerfect video podcasts. Bert's video podcast for this tutorial can be found at [http://www.revision3.com/pixelperfect www.revision3.com/pixelperfect]

== Video Tutorial ==
<center>
<YouTube>
title=How to Make Ice Text Using Photoshop
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM5oU_Uji34
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/KM5oU_Uji34&hl=en&fs=1
wrap = no
width=640
height=380
</YouTube>
</center>

== Setting The Stage ==

Create a gradient on the background layer going from light blue to a lighter blue. This provides a nice back drop from which to view the effect.

* Set the foreground color to RGB #b4d6fd
* Set the background color to RGB #3657fc
* Select the Gradient tool
** make sure it is set to a linear gradient
* Holding the Shift key down, click and drag '''downwards''' to apply the gradient

== Creating The Text ==
* Create a new layer menu/Layer/New/Layer... Name it "Back"
* Click and hold the Horizontal text tool on the tools menu and select the '''Horizontal Type Mask Tool''' from the menu that pops up
* Set the font to a block type font (Ariel Black)
* Set the size to a large size (160pt)
* Type the text onto the screen and place it in the middle. This creates a selection of the text you typed
* Save the selection menu/Select/Save Selection... click Ok

== Soften Text ==
* Click the Channels tab on the Layer window
* Select the channel with the text
* Deselect all (Ctrl+D)
* Apply a Gaussian Blur menu/Filters/Blur/Gaussian Blur...
* Adjust the Radius to blur the text so that it is very soft looking
* Bring up the Levels dialog by menu/Image/Adjustments/Levels... (Ctrl+L)
** Move the far right slider to increase the size of the white of the text
** Move the far left slider to sharpen the text

{{adsense2}}

== Filling The Text ==
* Make the Alpha Channel a selection by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking the channel
* Click the layers tab in the layers window
* Select the back layer
* Apply a gradient to the selection
** Select the gradient tool from the tools menu
** Holding the shift key click and drag '''upwards''' from the top of the text to the bottom of the text on the screen
* Deselect all (Ctrl+D)

== Ice Magic ==
* Apply the Fibers filters menu/Filter/Render/Fibers...
* Adjust the Variance and Strength to create an icy look
* Give a more water like effect by applying the Plastic Wrap filter
** menu/Filters/Artistic/Plastic Wrap...
** Adjust the Highlight Strength, Detail, and Smoothness to create a reflective sheen on the text
* Create some depth to the text
** Double click the "Back" Layer to bring up the Layer Style Dialog box
** Check the "Bevel and Emboss" option
** Adjust the Depth, Size, and Soften sliders to create a more 3 dimensional effect to the ice
** Change the "Shadow Mode" color from black to a dark blue
** Click Ok

== Adding More Depth to The Text ==
* Duplicate the Back layer, name it "Front"
* Select the "Back" layer
* Click on the Move Tool on the Tools window
* Using the arrow keys nudge the layer up and to the right (4 to 6 times each direction)
* Select the Smudge Tool from the Tools menu
** Using the smudge tool push the appropriate corners of the back layer to match the corners of the front layer, creating a connected look between the layers (see video time = 4:56)
* Select the "Front" layer
* Select the Blur tool from the Tools Menu
** Blur the outside overlapping edges of the front layer to blend them with the background layer (see video time = 5:45)

== Creating a Reflection ==
* Turn off the Background layer by clicking its eyeball in the Layers window
* While Holding down the alt key (Cmd key on Mac) Merge the visible layers by menu/Layers/Merge Visible
* This creates a new layer, rename it to "Reflect" by double clicking it's text in the Layers window
* Move the layer to below the "Back" layer by dragging it downwards in the Layers window
* Turn on the background layer by clicking its eyeball in the Layers window
* Flip the layer vertically by menu/Edit/Transform/Flip Vertical
* Select the Move Tool from the Tools Menu
* Holding the Shift key move the layer down so that the text bottoms just barely touch
* Select the "Background" Layer
* Click the New Layer button at the bottom of the Layers Window or menu/Layer/New/Layer... (Shift+Ctrl+N) Name it "Melt"
* Select the Brush from the Tools Menu
** Set the Brush hardness, 100%, Opacity 100%, and Flow 100%
** Paint some water on the layer (see video time = 7:50)
* Add some dimension to the water
** Double click the Melt layer to bring up the Layer Styles dialog box
** Select drop shadow, adjust the Distance, Spread and Size sliders to create a nice small shadow effect on the water
** Select Bevel and Emboss
** Adjust the Depth, Size and Soften sliders to create a nice looking puddle effect on the water
* Clip the Reflection to the water
* Right-Click the "Reflect" layer and select "Create Clipping Mask"

Wheeew, that's it!

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 073571388X
* (ISBN 0735712468
* (ISBN 0735709696
* (ISBN 0321555562

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00095M4Q4
* (ASIN B001DMBWXS
* (ASIN B001EUIWGY

== See Also ==
* [[Make lightning using photoshop]]
* [[Make 3d images]]
* [[Create neon sign text using photoshop cs]]

[[Category:Photoshop]]

Detect air leaks in your home

2008-10-10T16:19:40Z

Summary: New page: With the Winter months rapidly approaching, weatherizing your home can save you a lot of money and help the environment. This tutorial will give you several practical methods and show you ...

With the Winter months rapidly approaching, weatherizing your home can save you a lot of money and help the environment. This tutorial will give you several practical methods and show you '''how to detect air leaks in your home'''.

You may already know where some air leakage occurs in your home, such as an under-the-door draft, but you'll need to find the less obvious gaps to properly air seal your home.

== Detecting Air Leaks ==

For a thorough and accurate measurement of air leakage in your home, hire a qualified technician to conduct an energy audit, particularly a blower door test. A blower door test, which depressurizes a home, can reveal the location of many leaks. A complete energy audit will also help determine areas in your home that need more insulation.

Without a blower door test, there are ways to find some air leaks yourself. First, look at areas where different materials meet, such as between brick and wood siding, between foundation and walls, and between the chimney and siding. Also inspect around the following areas for any cracks and gaps that could cause air leaks:

* Door and window frames
* Mail chutes
* Electrical and gas service entrances
* Cable TV and phone lines
* Outdoor water faucets
* Where dryer vents pass through walls
* Bricks, siding, stucco, and foundation
* Air conditioners
* Vents and fans.

You can also try these steps to depressurize your home to help detect leaks:

#Turn off your furnace on a cool, very windy day.
#Shut all windows and doors.
#Turn on all exhaust fans that blow air outside, such as bathroom fans or stove vents.
#Light an incense stick and pass it around the edges of common leak sites. Wherever the smoke is sucked out of or blown into the room, there's a draft.

If you don't want to turn off your furnace, you can just turn on all your exhaust fans to depressurize your home.

Other air-leak detection methods include the following:

*Shining flashlight at night over all potential gaps while a partner observes the house from outside. Large cracks will show up as rays of light. Not a good way to detect small cracks.
*Shutting a door or window on a piece of paper. If you can pull the paper out without tearing it, you're losing energy.

== Bibliography ==

== Amazon's Related Products ==

== See Also ==

== External Links ==

Write a resume

2008-04-14T14:05:37Z

Summary: /* Don't */ +[[Image:Ram air square.jpg]]

[[Image:US paratroopers jump into Australia.jpg|400px|right]]
Many, many books have been written on the subject of resume writing. These are more or less useful depending on the match between your goals and those assumed by each author. It's not enough to say, "I want a job." What kind of job do you want? And what are you willing to do to get it?

== Materials needed ==

* Folder of notepaper or notebook
* Comfortable pen
* Microsoft Word
* Web browser

You may not want a notebook with bound-in pages. Rather, consider a looseleaf binder, so you can add or remove pages. An ordinary folder full of plain paper -- the same you load into your printer -- may be fine. You'll be doing a lot of writing, so choose a pen you like. At this time (2008), there is really no alternative to Word; employers expect it. You'll want to be online for both research and submissions.

{{adsense2}}
== Who are you? ==

You need to decide who you are in order to settle on a resume strategy. Don't assume that you are like everyone else. Take notepaper and answer these questions:

* What experience do I have in my chosen field of work?
** In school, dropout, or recent grad, little or no work experience
** A few years' (2-5) experience in your field
** Many years' experience in your field
** Changing fields or going back to work
** Retiree or semi-retiree; may be seeking part-time work

* What kind of work do I seek?
** Blue collar (labor, trades)
** Pink collar (admin, clerical, sales)
** Gray collar (technical, engineering)
** White collar (professional, managerial)
** Government (including quasi-governmental)

* How honest am I?

:: This question is very difficult to answer ''honestly'', even to oneself. We all feel that we're honest but obviously some of us are more so than others. Before going further, ask yourself exactly how far you are willing to stretch, bend, or trash the truth.

:: Every jobseeker must wrestle with the morality of dishonesty. Every job hunting guide warns against lying. Crudely dishonest resumes will very likely lead to disaster, at the least dismissal. Yet the truth is that few resumes are completely honest, few employers check facts rigorously, and jobs often go to those who "improve" themselves on paper. There is no point in lying stupidly, so don't do that.

== List the facts ==

Make notes that cover all of your work and school time in detail. If you're older, this may be a pretty big job. You need to have all the details available for the [[Complete a job application|job application]] anyway, even if you don't put them all in your resume.

* For each job:
** Starting and ending dates
** Company name, address, and phone number
** Supervisor's name and title
** Your job title and pay rate
** True reason why you left

* For each school:
** Starting and ending dates
** School name, address, and phone number
** Major, degree or certificate earned

== Brag list ==

Empty your mind for a moment and write freely about yourself. Tell what you have done that makes you stand out. Forget, for the time being, whether this seems to have anything to do with your chosen field of work. Nobody ever need see your notes; don't hold back. Did you complete a project before time and under budget? Did you take on an extracurricular activity? Are you the best arm wrestler on the block? Whatever it is, write it down.

== Write the bald version ==

It may now be time to switch to Word. Type up your career in ''reverse chronological order'' -- whatever you are doing now or did last comes first, followed by successively older items, with the oldest last in the list.

Now go back and insert items from your brag list. Try to find something positive to say about each job you worked. If you're switching careers or returning to work after a long absence, you may have trouble here. Try to look at the time from another angle. If you were a homemaker, you may have excelled at administrative and organizational tasks. If you spent a year bumming around Europe, you may have gained fluency in several languages. Think about it.

== Choose a format ==

Check out sample resumes. There are literally thousands available for you to see on the web, not to mention in books. Do your homework; look over a couple dozen. You are competing with people who have read hundreds.

There are essentially two classes of resume format:

* Chronological: This emphasizes the reverse chronology that you have already written up. This works best for blue and gray collar workers and those who have a solid work history.

* Functional: This puts experience and accomplishments up front. It's not possible to avoid the chronology but this goes further down the page and is kept short. This works best for some pink collar workers and those who have gaps in work or are changing careers.

Note that government positions typically ''require'' a chronological format. Federal resume requirements are so strict that at this point, your best bet may be to turn over your resume to a professional writing service that has specific experience in this area.

At this point, you should be writing entirely in plain text. By "format", we mean the order in which you write things -- the overall organization of the document. Do not use any sort of '''bold''', ''italic'', or other text formatting. Save your Word file in plain text only.

== Edit mercilessly ==

[[Image:HC-130 jump.jpg|300px|right]]
Take a humility pill. Realize that most employers have very little interest in you as a human being. Ruthlessly cut away anything that does not profile you as a better worker ''for the position you seek''.

Optimize your language to present yourself in the best possible light. You must confront your limits on honesty here. It's probably stupid to invent jobs you never had but if you ever told somebody what to do on the job, you may want to say you have supervisory experience. There is no point at all in holding back here; maximize.

Use action words, like "completed" and "surpassed". Try to state specific, quantifiable achievements, such as "Reduced overhead costs by 15%". You may need to think past the scope of your own job to see the end result; for instance, "Assisted department to exceed quota".

Proofread. Proofread. Proofread again. Especially for anything beyond entry-level work, you cannot afford the slightest error in spelling, grammar, or punctuation. Beware of common usage traps such as "to", "two", and "too"; or "there" and "their".

== Circulate for comment ==

If you have friends, make them all read your draft resume. Print it out double-spaced and hand them red pens to make corrections. Depending on your friends and your social skills, you may do well to stand over them and insist they make changes; otherwise, you will get a lot of drafts returned with nothing but the comment, "looks great". Stress that you will not be satisfied until they demolish your writing completely. It does you no harm at all and a great amount of good.

If you are a weak writer generally, you may do well to get professional help at this point. You certainly want to pass it by someone you absolutely trust when it comes to proper English.

Incorporate changes that seem wise and ignore the rest.

== Cool it ==

You must struggle to put your draft aside, preferably for at least a week. Think about anything else meanwhile. When you take it up again, try to see it as a stranger would. Is this strong and professional? Does it leave any room for doubt?

Cut any remaining negatives. This is a resume, not a biography. You may well want to avoid out-and-out lies but you do not have to include all the truth -- you can't, in any case; there's no room. Include only the best.

== Final draft ==

Up to now, you have worked in plain text only. This is smart, since sometimes that is exactly how your resume will be seen. This is the electronic age; many employers will never see a paper copy. Before going further, adjust lines and paragraphs so that your resume works in plain text. Save this file ''as'' a plain text only (.txt) document.

Now, add a discreet amount of text formatting. Generally, you'll want to ''bold'' the first line of each job (date and company name). You might bold your name. Avoid going too far in this direction but make the paper attractive. Save this file as a Word (.doc) document.

Some employers want plain text, others want Word; still others prefer Adobe Acrobat. You should be able to convert your Word file to an Acrobat (.pdf) file; do this.

If you have the technical skill required, you may also want to produce an equivalent HTML format resume. You can always try the Save As Web Page feature in Word -- but beware that this creates generally poor quality code.

Upload ''all'' of your files -- somewhere. Best is at the root of your own domain, a domain with a name you can read easily over the phone. Free hosts are second-best, since they may require lengthy and confusing URLs to be read or written.

== Do ==

* Do be sure to include your name, cell phone, and email address. There is no point looking for a job unless you carry your cell phone with you at all times. Avoid funky and cute email addresses; get one that says "business".

* Do print clean paper copies of your resume on good-quality white paper. Kinko's is not a perfect service but you can generally walk in, download the Acrobat file, and have the clerk print from it directly at low cost. You will not always use the paper copies but when you want them, you'll make a good impression.

* Do begin with a clear statement of your objective, headed by your desired job title.

* If possible, do create alternate versions of your resume. You may do well to have a version tailored specifically to each prospective employer. In this case, alter your objective to match the job description.

* Do submit your resume electronically. Random or indiscriminate submissions may not do any good but these days, employers generally prefer "soft copy".

* Do pay attention to what each employer demands. Some say to paste your plain text resume into the body of your email; some say to attach it as a Word document. Absent specific instructions, the best way may be to email a link to your resume, where you uploaded it. Not everyone wants attachments.

* Do introduce your resume -- by snailmail, with a covering letter; by email, with a couple of covering paragraphs. It's fine to write these up ahead of time but you ''must'' tailor them to the individual employer.

== Don't ==

[[Image:Ram air square.jpg|300px|right]]
* Don't include info about hobbies, let alone religious or political affiliations, unless you are certain these will bear directly on your work.

* Don't include a photo, unless you are applying for an acting position, in which case you want to submit a standard 8x10 glossy black and white headshot only.

* Don't be cute. This includes crazy fonts, white-on-black text, graphics of any kind, and wacky statements. Be normal; employers frighten easily.

* Don't exceed two pages; for anyone with less than 10 years' work experience, one is enough. Remember that the goal is to ''summarize'' your career, not to tell it in detail. Pick out the best and leave the rest. Nobody will read past the second page anyway and simply having a third will be cause for rejection.

* Don't use "resume paper"; equally, don't use cheap paper. You want good, heavy, white paper only.

* Don't use your own (or an office) printer unless it's very good. There is a world of difference between "best quality" from an inkjet or tired laser printer; and the crisp typography you get from a high-end machine at a print shop.

* Don't send out your resume without some sort of covering letter or covering paragraphs. Nobody likes impersonal submissions.

== Professional writers ==

You may be tempted to employ a professional resume writer; there are certainly thousands of them. Some work cheap, some charge hundreds of dollars.

Trouble is, if you can tell the difference between a good resume and a bad one, you may as well write your own. If you can't tell the difference, how will you decide who to hire or if you've got your money's worth?

No matter how difficult, unpleasant, or time-consuming you think it will be, it's probably better for you to learn to do this yourself.

== Last word ==

No resume will get you a job. You should probably not even expect one to get you an interview except by default. Put yourself in the employer's shoes:

: You have advertised for '''''one''''' foobar operator and now you have 200 resumes waiting your attention. Half of them are completely unsuitable; they are from desperate people who have never even seen a foobar. You go through your email inbox at top speed, quickly deleting anything that does not say "foobar"; you also delete anything that catches your eye and offends you in the slightest. You go through the stack of paper resumes and immediately trash anything on funky paper or with poor printing; again, if it doesn't say "foobar", preferably in the first few lines, it goes.

: Now you go through the submissions a second time. You are looking for the ''one'' resume that exactly matches your requirement for a foobar operator. Anything that seems to head in a different direction goes straight to the trash. You are hoping to cut down the stack to only a small handful that you must actually read to decide who to call for an interview.

This is a process of elimination. As a worker, your first goal is ''not'' to be noticed. You do not want to give the employer -- more likely in the first pass, an underpaid secretary -- any excuse to chuck your resume toward the trash can. You want your exceptional qualities to surface only on the third pass -- the first reading.

Experts agree that this first "reading" lasts anywhere from 30 to 60 seconds -- no more. If you don't get put on the short stack in that time, you're not going to make it. So whatever best foot you have, put it forward.

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ISBN 1580088678 -- the classic resource

== See Also ==
* [[]]

== External Links ==
* [http://susanireland.com/resumework.htm Susan Ireland] -- resume guide
* [http://jobstar.org/tools/resume/samples.php JobStar] -- sample resumes
* [http://www.jobhuntersbible.com/jobsresumes/sec_page.php?sub_item=052 JobHuntersBible] -- "Parachute" author's site
* [http://www.lifeclever.com/the-7-deadly-sins-of-resume-design/ LifeClever] -- Seven Deadly Sins of Resume Design

Teach English to Speakers of Other Languages

2008-01-20T00:02:12Z

Summary: /* Genesis */ "instructor" -- muddy reference

This is by no means be an exhaustive guide to '''Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages''' (TESOL), which includes '''Teaching English as a Foreign Language''' (TEFL) and '''Teaching English as a Second Language''' (TESL). It is only a way to promote the modern method of '''immersion''' in English: a short, pointed demonstration of the bankruptcy of outmoded methods and the virtue of actual practice. It is biased in favor of the '''whole language''' philosophy of instruction.

== Math or Bike? ==

<div style="float:right; " >[[Image:Mathorbike-math.gif|400px]]<br>[[Image:Mathorbike-bike.gif|400px]]</div>

This demonstration may be made both to students, even those with no English ability, and to teachers trained in traditional methods. The best possible presentation requires an actual bicycle and enough room to ride it a little bit.

:1. Begin by chalking the given two figures on the blackboard.

:2. Point to the math figure and recite each sum. Encourage students in choral drill with gestures and facial expressions. This entirely familiar method will be taken up quite quickly.

:3. Invite a student (or student teacher) volunteer to imitate the last step. Be sure to recite along with the class.

:4. Invite the volunteer to teach the class, using the bike figure and the same, choral drill method. Encourage the class to recite in unison after every utterance of the volunteer.

:5. Now, take the class out of the room, demonstrate bike riding, and invite a student or two to ride.

The point has been made: Rote drill is not an effective method of teaching bike riding. Actual practice is required. This may be all that can be done in a class with no prior English ability; they will have to make the connection themselves when lessons continue in an interactive, immersion, whole language style.

If the class has some English ability, discuss the demonstration:

* Ask the class if choral drill is an effective method of teaching bike riding.

* Construct actual practice as an alternate, more effective method.

* Ask if learning language skills is more like learning math or learning bike riding.

* Prompt: How did you learn your native language?

* Discuss the need for actual practice in realistic situations. Compare choral drill and other outmoded teaching methods with modern language learning methods.

== Motivation ==

Mass education was invented largely in England during the 18th Century. Before that time, general education was reserved for the privileged few. Teachers were generally hired by wealthy families to teach their children only, in their own homes. The Industrial Revolution demanded an army of semiskilled workers able to read, write, and do basic arithmatic. Before industrialization, this sort of work was done largely by clergy, hired out to those few nobles who required it. Now ''clerks'' were needed in great numbers and a new tool was developed to produce them: the classroom.

Progress in method has been so slow that we today would find familiar many of the significant features of the early classroom: seats and desks in rows; a single teacher at the front of the room at a large desk or lectern, who dominates the room and controls all activity; a pattern of lecture from text, choral recitation, and examination of individual students. The chief skill required to succeed in such a classroom is the ability to sit still, listen, and memorize what the teacher says. The physical structure of the room, with furniture bolted to the floor, is designed to focus students' attention on the teacher and inhibit any student-to-student interaction. This has been compared to Jeremy Bentham's ''Panopticon'', a design for a prison in which the inmates can have no contact with one another.

British, and later, American teachers spread the early classroom and its methods wherever the dictates of empire and mercantilism took them. In many countries, the Westerners are no longer in charge of general education but the locals have continued to build classrooms and train teachers along these 18th Century lines. Furniture is bolted to the floor in rows and all involved -- teachers, students, administrators, and parents -- consider it a good day if spent almost entirely in reading aloud from the text.

This type of classroom, and its method, yields acceptable results if the goal is merely to cram students' heads with facts by '''rote'''. These are indeed suitable for menial clerical work in, say, the office of an 18th or 19th Century mill or foundry. Rote is quite useless, though, for teaching true ability in many fields, of which TESOL is prime. The student who wishes to acquire a working knowledge of the English language must be able to ''use'' it: '''learning by doing'''. Language is not a basket of facts to be memorized; it is a complex art that translates thought into sound (and glyphs) and back into thought again. It can only be learned through actual practice. For this, students must be allowed to ''have'' genuine thoughts and to attempt to express them; they must be exposed to utterances and have the opportunity to process them into ideas.

Old-fashioned classroom drill is useless here. Consider the simple example of the following exchange:

: '''A:''' Where is the post office?
: '''B:''' Walk two blocks up, turn right, go another block and it's on your left.

This means nothing unless the speakers are standing somewhere in a town with a post office nearby. Perhaps more to the point, it means little unless A has a genuine desire to locate the post office and B has actual knowledge of its location. Students may memorize this dialog and find themselves completely unable to manage the real-world ''task''. Which way is "up"?

TESL students have the benefit of daily immersion in English; they live in an English-speaking country. So, they may benefit from traditional classroom instruction while simultaneously spending their daily lives learning to use the language in actual practice. TEFL students, living in their own country, do not have this additional time to learn. They leave the classroom for no practical opportunity to exercise what has been taught. Therefore, the rote method yields but a bitter fruit.

Modern TESOL methods emphasize real use of language in the classroom -- when possible, outside as well. Students are often paired or grouped to conduct student-to-student conversations. In the traditional classroom, only one voice at a time is ever heard: usually the teacher's, sometimes the individual student's when called upon, sometimes the entire class reciting as one. In the modern classroom, perhaps half the people in the room are talking at any one time -- each one attempting to use available skills to achieve a real, if limited, goal.

== Genesis ==

Author [[User:Bear|"Bear" Longyear]] created this demonstration while teaching English as a foreign language to students in China, originally for the benefit of local teachers who wished to know more about modern methods. He subsequently employed it as an introduction to all students, at all levels, with considerable acceptance and enthusiastic welcomes.

Chinese students, teachers, administrators, and parents are wedded to traditional methods to a degree that seems hardly credible.

* A state-owned university spent a great amount of money in a complete renovation of the main building. Some 30 brand-new classrooms were built -- mostly unchanged in design since 1820.

* A class of college-level English majors, uncomfortable with modern methods, demanded that all class time be taken up by the instructor reading from the text.

* After successfully motivating a class of elementary students to engage in pair conversations about simple shapes and colors, the author found the entire remainder of the school -- students, teachers, and administrators -- looking in through the windows and doors, attracted by the "disturbance".

* One privately-owned "English school" employs local teachers who speak no English. They spend, of any hour, about a quarter haranguing students in Chinese; half watching silently while playing a prerecorded cassette; and another quarter demanding that students recite what they have heard.

In contrast, the '''Math or Bike?''' demonstration opens doors. The bicycle is ingrained in contemporary Chinese culture; all participants ride and all know they did not learn to do so by way of classroom drill. They see also that they did not learn to speak their own language that way. Given the least encouragement, they come to see the potential of the whole language approach.

Convert audible aa files to mp3

2007-10-11T22:06:30Z

Summary: /* Obtain the Necessary Programs */

[http://www.audible.com www.audible.com] has a ton of audiobooks that can be purchased and downloaded downloaded. They also provide a file manager which allows you transfer your audiobooks to a digital rights management (DRM) enabled player. What do you do if your MP3 player isn't supported by the Audible manager? You can use this tutorial to convert the Audible aa to a non DRM mp3 file by following the steps in this tutorial.

== Obtain the Necessary Programs ==
You will need a few programs to accomplish this.

* An older version of the Audible download manager the one named "AudibleManagerAM_CDBurner.exe" (Audible Manager 3.5) works
* Microsoft's Graphedit, comes with the DirectX SDK
* Your favorite MP3 converter - I'm using lame for this tutorial but any one will do
** Try FormatFactory [http://www.formatoz.com/]

=== Where to find the Files ===
* At the time of this writing files can be obtained on the USENET newsgroup "a.b.mp3.audiobooks" under the header "Attn: The Geezer and others - [1/1] - "Audible convert solution with graphedit.zip" yEnc (1/19)"
* You can also find them as a Bittorrent file here (Not yet)
* GraphEdit can be downloaded with the DirectX sdk at [http://www.microsoft.com/directx http://www.microsoft.com/directx]

=== Installation of Required Files ===
* Install the old Audible manager software
** You will need to un-install any newer version on your computer
** If you don't want to un-install the newer software you could install it to a secondary pc such as a laptop.
* Install the Graphedit software
** Read the readme.txt file
** Extract the Graphedit zip file
** Copy the Graphedit folder to c:\program files\graphedit
** Double click the file register.bat to register the program with the system registry
** Graphedit is now ready to be used

== Converting the aa file to wav==
* Download the Audible files you want to convert. I suggest the type 4 format for best audio quality.
* Open GraphEdit
* Open the aa file by "File/Render Media File..." Or pressing (Ctrl+R)
** The aa file will usually reside at "C:\Program Files\Audible\Programs\Downloads"

You will see a graphical representation of the files, codecs and filters, that are required to play the Audible file.

{{adsense2}}

* Select the box labeled "Default DirectSound Devive" by clicking on it
* Delete it by pressing the (Delete) key
* Insert the "WAV Dest" filter by "Graph/Insert Filters..." or (CTRL+F)
** In the filters dialog box scroll down until you find "DirectShow Filters"
** Click the "+" box to the left and scroll untill you find "WAV Dest" and select it
** Click the "Insert Filter" button then close the dialog box
* On the "Audible Words Codec" box click the small gray box labeled "output" and drag it to the small gray box labeled "In" on the "WAV Dest" Box
* Insert the File Writer filter by "Graph/Insert Filters..." or (CTRL+F)
** Select the "File Writer" filter
** Click the "Insert Filter" button
*** Select an appropriate destination for the output file and name it whatever you wan, I named mine "converted file "
** Then close the filtersdialog box
* On the "Wav Dest" box click the small gray box labeled "out" and drag it to the small gray box labeled "In" on the "converted file" Box

* Once everything is connected, press the green “Play” button on the toolbar. Depending on the size of the audiobook, it will take a few minutes to finish.
* Since you won’t get a message when the file conversion is done, go to the folder through Explorer to the location you selected to save the converted file. Look at the file, and if you hit F5 (refresh) you will see the filesize changing. When the number stops changing, you know you’re done. Or just step away from you PC for several minutes.

== Converting the wav file to MP3 ==

To be continued...

{{todo|todonote=Create the wav to MP3 section}}

== Bibliography ==
* (ASIN B0008DTN84
* (ISBN 0071348190
* (ISBN 0240515870

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000MU82WG
* (ASIN B0009FIS3M
* (ASIN B000EGMAK8

== See Also ==
* [[Help:Posting rules]]
* [[Help:Create a page on OpenTutorial]]

== External Links ==
* [http://julioangelortiz.net/?p=412 julioangelortiz.net] The inspiration for this tutorial

Make lightning using photoshop

2007-07-01T23:25:27Z

Summary: Added link to 3d images

[[image:Pp01LightningPart1Finished.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Part 1 Finished]] With '''Photoshop''' one can easily make lightning and other dazzling effects such as sparkles and vortexes. This is tutorial number one in the "Bert Monroy" series, inspired by the Photoshop master, Bert Monroy's PixelPerfect video podcasts. Bert's video podcast for this tutorial can be found at [http://revision3.com/pixelperfect/lightning PixelPerfect Lightning]

== Objective ==
To use Photoshop to create lightning emanating from point source such as a magic wand, a hand or in this case the torch of the Statue of Liberty.

== Part 1 Making Lightning ==

=== Setup ===
* Choose your image, the image Bert uses in the video podcast is a drawing of a wizard using a magic wand. For this tutorial I will be using an image of the Statue of Liberty. Dimensions 640x460px [[image:Statue_of_Liberty.jpeg|thumb|right|100px|Statue of Liberty]]
* Press "D" on your keyboard to set your background color to white and your foreground colors to black

==== Create the Lightning ====
* Create a new file in Photoshop larger than the one you are currently using in my case 1000x1000px
* Using the Rectangular Marquee tool make a series of 4 long narrow selections of varying widths from top to bottom fill each one with the foreground color by pressing (Alt-Backspace.)(Opt-Delete)
* Next we apply a some Gaussian Blur which can be found under the {{Pscs3-gaussianblur-dialog}} In the dialog box set the Radius of the blur to 20 pixels.
* Next we apply the Polar Coordinates filter '''menu/Filter/Distort/Polar Coordinates''' Make sure that "Rectangular to Polar" mode is selected and click OK.
* Now, to create the Lightning we apply the Difference Clouds filter '''menu/Filter/Render/Difference Clouds'''
* By inverting the result we get lightning, '''menu/Image/Adjustments/Invert''' or press (Ctrl-I)(Cmd-I)
* To clean up the lightning and make it more pronounced we adjust the levels of the layer by {{Pscs3-levels-dialog}}
** Adjust the dark slider to about 125 or so and adjust the mid tones to about .35 and Click OK
* If you wish to make your lightning any other color than white we can do this by adjusting the Hue/Saturation of the leyer by '''menu/Image/Adjustments/Hue/Saturation...''' Make sure the "Colorize" check box is checked and bring the "Saturation" to 100 and adjust the "Hue" slider to a color you like. Click OK
* Using the move tool drag the image of the lightning onto the image of the statue. Afterwards you can discard the lightning file.
* In order to see the image below set the layer mode to "screen". This hides the dark tones and only shows the light tones of the layer
* Use the Move tool to center the lightning on the edge of the statue's torch.
* Rotate the lightning so that it is not covering the statue's body by '''menu/Edit/Transform/Rotate''' You may need to scale it a little also so that it fits in the image properly.

There you have it, the Statue of Liberty menacing NY with her lightning torch.

== Video Tutorial ==
<YouTube>
title=How To Make Lightning Using Photoshop
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tc1akJoFSps
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Tc1akJoFSps&hl=en&fs=1
wrap = no
width=425
height=344
</YouTube>

== Part 2 Creating The Vortex ==
[[image:pp01LightningFinished.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Part 2 Finished]]
The second part of Bert's tutorial focuses on creating a vortex above the subject accented with some sparkles

=== Create More Room ===
* Using the Eyedropper tool pick up the color at the very top of the image and set it to the background color by holding the (Alt)(Option) key while clicking the color.
* Increase the size of the canvas by '''menu/Image/Canvas Size...'''
** Make sure that relative is unchecked.
** Set the height to a larger number (in this case 800px)
** Set the anchor to the bottom center position
** Set the Canvas Extension Color to Background and click OK

=== Making the Lightning Wisps ===
For lack of a better word I'm calling the next thing Bert creates "Lightning Wisps"
* Create a new layer
* Press the "D" key to set the foreground and background colors to black and white
* While holding down the (Alt)(Option) key apply the Clouds filter by '''menu/Filter/Render/Clouds'''
** You may need to undo and re-apply the clouds filter to "find" the lightning wisps within (watch the video it makes more sense there)
* Apply the Find Edges filter by '''menu/Filter/Stylize/Find Edges'''
* Invert it by pressing (Ctrl-I)(Cmd-I)
* Adjust the levels of the layer by {{Pscs3-levels-dialog}}
** Adjust the Lights to the left to make the image very light
* Using the Eraser tool erase all but your "lightning"
* Adjust the Hue/Saturation by {{Pscs3-huesat-dialog}}
** Select Colorize
** Raise the Saturation to 100
** Select a hue color that you like
** Save the color settings for use later by clicking on the save button and putting the file somewhere you can find it later (Desktop)
* Set the layer mode to screen so that only the lighter tones are visible
* Adjust the positioning to make the lightning emanate from the location you want it to, in my case the statue's torch.
{{adsense2}}

=== Create the Lightning ===
Using a technique similar to how we made the first lightning we will create a single lightning bolt.
* Create a new layer and fill it with white by pressing (Ctrl-Backspace)(Option-Delete)
* Then adjust the opacity to about 50% so that we can see the image below
* Get nice soft and large brush, set it's color to black and then draw where you want your lightning to travel splitting the image in two.
** Continue filling the right half of the layer with black.
* bring the opacity back to 100%
* Apply the difference clouds filter by '''menu/Filter/Render/Difference Clouds'''
* Invert the layer by pressing (Ctrl-I)(Cmd-I)
* Adjust the levels by {{Pscs3-levels-dialog}} to get rid of the extra clouds and make the lightning more pronounced.
* Colorize the lightning by adjusting the Hue/Saturation by {{Pscs3-huesat-dialog}} and reloading the color profile we saved earlier.
* Set the layer mode to screen
* Using the eraser tool erase the parts of the lightning that you do not want.

=== Make the Vortex ===
* Create a new layer
* Using the Eyedropper tool pick up the color of your lightning
* Using the Elliptical Marquee tool create a large ellipse above the statue
* Give the ellipse a feather by '''menu/Select/Modify/Feather...''' (Alt-Ctrl-D)(Cmd-Option-D) to soften the edge
* Using the brush tool throw in some various streaks that follow the contour of the ellipse
* Apply the ZigZag filter by '''menu/Filter/Distort/ZigZag'''
** Make sure that "Pond Ripples" is selected as the Style
** Adjust the Amount and the Ridges to make your vortex look good
* Deselect the Ellipse by '''menu/Select/Deselect''' or by pressing (Ctrl-D)(Cmd-D)
* Using the Move tool position the vortex where you would like it to be on your image.

=== Make Some Sparkles ===
The final touch to this piece is to create some sparkles to accent your image

* Bring up the Brush Engine Press (F5)
** In the Brush Tip Shape section add some spacing about 110% or so
** In the Shape Dynamics section adjust the Size Jitter to 100%
** Turn the Pen Pressure off
** In the Scattering section set the scatter to 100%
** Close the brush engine by pressing (F5)
* Paint some sparkles following the path of the lightning
* Create some bright star like sparkles
* Bring up the Brush Engine by pressing (f5)
** Turn off Shape Dynamics and Scattering
** In the Other Dynamics section set the fade to 30 pixels
** In the Brush Tip section set the spacing to around 35%
* Zoom in to an area of the image where you want to place your sparkle
* Click where you want your sparkle to start (it's origin)
* Above the point you just clicked press the (Shift) and click
* Click the origin again and (Shift-Click) below it
* In the Other Dynamics section of the Brush Engine change the fade to about 15%
* Click the origin of the sparkle and then (Shift-click) to the side, repeat for opposite side
* Using a larger brush size click at the origin of your sparkles
* Duplicate the sparkle and transform it to make it look different and place at a different location

== Bibliography ==

* (ISBN 073571388X
* (ISBN 0735712468
* (ISBN 0735709696
* (ISBN 1562057235

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00095M4Q4
* (ASIN B000HLV59W
* (ASIN B000NDIC04

== See Also ==
* [[Create a brushed metal texture using Photoshop CS]]
* [[Create neon sign text using photoshop cs]]
* [[Insert an image into text using photoshop]]
* [[Make 3d images]]

== External Links ==
* [http://revision3.com/pixelperfect/lightning The link to this tutorial - Episode 1 - Lightning]
* [http://www.revision3.com/pixelperfect Revision3 Pixelperfect]
* [http://www.bertmonroy.com Bert Monroy's Personal Website]

[[Category:Photoshop]]

Make wine

2007-03-16T06:39:33Z

Summary: Added some images, will return later to format them better

This is a tutorial for '''How to make homemade wine.''' Until the early 20th century, most wine drinkers produced their own wines at home out of necessity; the average bottle of commercial wine could cost up to a month's wages for a farmer or factory hand. As can be imagined, the quality of these homemade wines was uneven and the alcohol content sometimes greater than would be expected.

==Winemaking at Home==
In the last thirty years, however, the task of home winemaking has become easier and results more predictable. Nearly every good-sized city in North America and Western Europe has at least one shop catering to home brewers and winemakers. Kits make it possible to produce decent table wine at a fraction of the cost of the cheapest wine in the liquor store.

Making wine at home isn't necessarily easy. There's a lot of work involved, especially in cleaning and sanitizing, but the sense of accomplishment the winemaker can get from producing 30 bottles of extremely drinkable white wine for less than $2 a bottle cannot be understated.

===Required Equipment===
Although one could theoretically make wine with nothing more than grapes, a big barrel and some young maidens to stomp the grapes, most winemakers find the following equipment necessary to produce decent wine on a predictable basis:

* A 30-liter or larger food-grade plastic container (similar in shape to a garbage can) with a non-airtight lid and a mark at the 23-liter point
* A 23-liter glass or food-grade plastic carboy
* An airlock and bung (a rubber stopper with a hole in it) for the carboy
* A hydrometer to check the specific gravity (sp. gr.) of the wine
* A long, narrow tube or jar to hold the wine while you're checking its specific gravity (generally the tube the hydrometer comes in works fine)
* A dairy thermometer
* A long piece (at least 1.5m or five feet) of food-grade plastic tubing
* A long spoon that can fit into the neck of the carboy and reach to the bottom
* A wine thief to remove the developing wine from the carboy without having to tip it

=== Images ===
[[image:Glasscarboy.jpg|100px]]
[[image:hydrometer.jpg|100px]]
[[image:airlock.jpg|100px]]
[[image:fermentingbucket.jpg|100px]]
[[image:winethief.jpg|100px]]

It is '''essential''' that any plastic items that are in contact with the wine be made of food-grade plastic. Regular plastic will leach polymers into the wine, which will give it an odd plastic taste.

{{adsense2}}

These items will last forever and most wine stores stock a reasonably priced starting kit. If you decide to brew beer as well, you can use most of this equipment, but you will need a separate 30-liter plastic container (the taste of the wine will remain in the plastic) and you should make sure your carboy is glass.

===Ingredients===
For every batch, you will also need the following:
* Something to ferment. Generally, that means grape juice, but wine has been made from almost all fruits, especially crabapples and elderberries. Winemaking stores sell kits containing eight to thirteen liters of concentrated grape juice varieties such as Riesling, Merlot and Chardonnay. If you are not into a specific variety, you can use unpasteurized grape juice, but it tends to be more expensive and your results might not be as predictable.
* Good quality water. Generally this means filtered water. Heavily chlorinated can skunk your wine.
* Wine yeast. The type of yeast you use will affect the flavor of the finished wine. Bread yeast can be used in a pinch (say, if you're making wine behind enemy lines during a war), but generally if you're not in dire circumstances you want to use a wine yeast tailored for the type of grape or other fruit you're using.
* Something to settle the wine. You can use sterilized bentonite, isinglass, or (in a pinch) egg whites. The first two are readily available at any winemaking store.
* Something to stop fermentation. You can use a little pure ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, but ''do not'' use vitamin pills containing sugar or flavoring), or you can buy a packet of potassium sorbate at the wine store.
* Bottles and corks. You can reuse bottles, and unless you are making champagne, it does not really matter what type of bottle you use as long as you get it clean. The best way to do this is to remove any residue in the bottles, soak them in water with strong detergent to remove the labels and the glue, wash them again in new water and detergent, rinse well, and sanitize. New bottles are also available at a reasonable price and can be reused indefinitely. You will need 30 bottles for a standard 23-liter recipe. Both natural and synthetic corks work well (although the natural is cheaper); you will need longer corks if you plan to keep the wine for longer than six months.
* Sodium metabisulfite for sanitizing. '''Warning — Do NOT use this under any circumstance if you or anybody in your family has asthma. Use iodophor or bleach instead.''' You must sanitize if you do not want your wine to turn out as vinegar. Sodium metabisulfite is the most convenient form of sanitizing. If you must use iodophor, follow the instructions on the label and rinse well. If you use bleach, soak your items for 10 minutes in a 5% bleach dilution, and then rinse at least six times thoroughly. Sodium metabisulfite is perfectly safe for the average person, but it can cause a serious reaction in asthmatics, so heed the warning.
* Detergent. Dish detergent is probably not strong enough. Wine stores sell strong, unscented detergents that do a better job at removing labels, old smells, etc.

===Making the Wine===
The process of actually making the wine is simple but somewhat tedious. Kit wines must be prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Otherwise, the following are good rules:
* Make sure the area in which you are making your wine is at a stable temperature below 23C or 75F. At higher temperatures, the chances of your wine turning into vinegar are increased.
* Clean and sanitize everything just before it touches the wine. That includes any funnels, cups, bowls and other items. If you have to use them on two consecutive days, clean and sanitize before every use. A good yeast will outgrow the odd bacterium that gets in, but the sloppier you are the more likely something like acetobacter is going to get in and turn your wine to vinegar.
* Pour your juice into the large plastic container. If you are using a concentrate, top up with filtered water to 23 liters. You want the finished product to be between 65 and 75 F or 18 to 23 C. Test with your sanitized dairy thermometer when you're up to 20 liters, and add hot or cold juice or water at the end to adjust the temperature.
* Stir like mad.
* Add yeast.
* Check your specific gravity by putting the sanitized hydrometer right in the container. It should show a specific gravity of 1.010 or greater. If it is less, you probably want to add a bit of sugar syrup and stir, then check again. Remove the hydrometer.
* Put the lid on. Cover the container with a big plastic sheet and tie it closed with some string or twine around the middle of the container.
* In a day or two, your must should be bubbling away. Soon after that the yeast will drop to the bottom of the container and you will not see it working, but it will still be fermenting.
* After a week, clean and sanitize the carboy, the bung, the airlock and the plastic tubing. Siphon the must into the carboy. Leave out as much of the sedimentation on the very bottom as you can. Attach the bung and the airlock, making sure to fill the airlock halfway with water.
* Cover the carboy with a dark, clean, thin sheet if you are doing this in an area where light can get to it.
* Wait ten days and check the specific gravity. The best way to do this is to use the wine thief to transfer a little wine from the carboy to the measuring tube (the one the hydrometer came in), then use the hydrometer to check the specific gravity. If you started out at 1.010, you are looking for a specific gravity of 0.998 or lower. Check this once a day until the specific gravity is the same on two separate days.
* Remove the bung and airlock and add whatever you are using to stop fermentation and to encourage settling. Stir for five minutes straight. Make sure to stir up all the sedimentation on the bottom. Replace the bung and the airlock.
* Fourteen days later, clean and sanitize your bottles and your tubing. Siphon the wine into the bottles and cork them. You can buy a corking machine, or you can rent or borrow one from your friendly wine store - many stores lend them free of charge to their customers. Most corks are sold pre-sanitized, but you can soak them in a sulfite solution if you cannot buy them already prepared.
* Let the bottles sit upright for three days, then let them sit on their side for at least a month. If you have made red wine, you should leave it for a year. If you do hold wine for over six months, you may wish to add a bit of sulfite to prevent discoloration, unless, of course, someone in the house has asthma.

===Enjoy the Results===
It may be time-consuming but there is nothing more satisfying than enjoying a delicious glass of wine that you made in your own kitchen.

== See Also ==
*

== Bibliography ==
* ( ISBN 1563054345
* ( ISBN 0470045795
* ( ISBN 096579363X

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* ( ASIN B0006UFY6O
* ( ASIN B000E60GYK
* ( ASIN B0006UFY78

== External Links ==
*

Uninstall windows media player 11

2007-03-02T15:49:34Z

Summary:

The newest version of Windows Media Player may not be right for everyone. If you've installed it and realize it may have been a mistake then this tutorial will show you how you can '''Uninstall Windows Media Player 11'''

== Uninstall Windows Media Player 11 ==

[[image:addremove1.png|thumb|right|fig 1. Show Updates]]
* Open the control panel
* Click on "Add or Remove Programs"
* Make sure the "Show Updates" Check box is selected (see fig.1)
* Scroll down until you see "Windows XP - Software Updates"
* Remove all Windows Media Player 11 related items (See Fig 2.)
* In Category View of Control Panel, click Add or Remove Programs.
* Click Remove a program, and then, at the top of the list, select the Show updates check box.
* In the Windows Updates section, click Windows Media Player 11, and then click Change/Remove.
* If prompted, restart your computer, and then log on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group.
* In Control Panel, click Add or Remove Programs.
* In the Windows Updates section, click Windows Media Format 11 Runtime, and then click Change/Remove.
* If prompted, restart your computer, and then log on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group.
* In Control Panel, click Add or Remove Programs, and then click Remove a program.
* Click Microsoft User-Mode Driver Frameworks Feature Pack 1.0 and then click Change/Remove

[[image:addremove2.png|thumb|right|fig 1. Remove Windows Media Player 11 related items]]

{{adsense2}}

== See Also ==
* How to [[Disable windows autoplay]]
* How to [[Disable hibernation in windows xp]]
* How to [[Burn a CD using windows media player]]

[[Category: Mswindows]]

Disable hibernation in windows xp

2007-02-13T23:55:40Z

Summary: Added video tutorial

This tutorial will explain how to disable hibernation in Windows XP.

The main benefit of disabling hibernation is freeing up hard drive space.

== Disabling Windows Hibernation ==
[[image:disable-hibernation.gif|right|thumb|Uncheck the enable hibernation check box]]
* right-click the desktop and click on and click on "properties".
* click the screen saver tab.
* click the power settings button
* in the power options properties dialog box click the hibernate tab.
* uncheck the enable hibernation check box.
* click OK then click OK again

{{adsense2}}

Now that hibernation is disabled you may check the root directory of your hard drive to see if a file named hiberfil.sys exists. If it does can deleted, you may have to restart your computer
first.

== Video Tutorial ==
<YouTube>
title=How To Enable or Disable Hibernate in Windows XP
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmDswJB6Lww
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/EmDswJB6Lww&hl=en&fs=1
wrap = no
width=425
height=344
</YouTube>

== See Also ==
* How to [[disable windows autoplay]]

[[Category:Mswindows]]
[[Category:Withvideo]]

To point a hughesnet broadband satellite dish

2007-02-07T21:31:19Z

Summary: Added Adsense ad

This tutorial will explain '''how to point or re-peak A HughesNet broadband Internet dish.''' With a '''DW6000, DW7000, HN7000, or a HN700S modem.''' This tutorial assumes that you already have a HughesNet dish properly installed and a modem properly commissioned. This tutorial will be helpful in cases where the dish has been bumped or otherwise has been misaligned and just needs to be realigned.

== Tools needed ==

* A half inch wrench
* A compass
* An OPI
* A computer
* A HughesNet modem
* A pen and paper
* A level

The pointing at a HughesNet broadband Internet satellite dish is a two part process. The first part consists of locating and maximizing the signal from the satellite. The second part consists of maximizing your cross polarization of the dish.

{{Yellow warning|Warning!! - Pointing of a Hughesnet Satellite dish by a non-certified person may void your warranty and may violate your agreement with the Hughes company. Do so at your own risk!!}}

== Part One: Locating and Maximizing the Satellite Signal. ==

* Using the level make sure that your mast is perfectly plumb. If your mast is not level it will be very difficult if not impossible to find the satellite signal.
* Connect the OPI as shown in figure one
* Activate the antenna pointing program by typing in the address http://192.168.0.1/fs/registration/setup.html then click antenna pointing.
* Make sure the enable OPI check box is checked click next
* On a piece of paper record the azimuth, skew, and tilt settings listed.
* Click the "show signal strength button" a popup window will appear displaying your current signal strength.

* Go out to the dish set the elevation on the dish to the angle given on the piece of paper.
* Using your compass roughly point the dish in the direction given. For help with this see the tutorial How to [[Use a compass]]

{{adsense2}}

=== Azimuth Adjustment ===

* Slowly sweep the dish from side to side while watching for the signal on your opi to go higher than 30.
* If you cannot get your signal above 30 then adjust your elevation up or down by 1°. Then repeat these side to side sweeping and elevation adjustment until a signal higher than 30 is reached.
* If your signal goes to 30 and stays at 30 many may be locked onto the wrong satellite. If this is the case then recheck your compass heading, and start over.

=== Elevation Adjustment ===

* Loosen one of elevation lockdown nuts just a little, so that when you loosen the other nut there will ba a little drag from the first nut.
* Brace the dish with one hand as you loosen the second lockdown nut
* Push up on the dish untill you see the signal drop below 30
* Slowly lower the dish until the OPI you reads the maximum signal, You may have to push up and lower it down several times to get the highest signal.
* Once you've obtained the peak signal at elevation then tighten down all nuts.
* To verify your peaked signal, gently push and pull at each of the four corners of the dish, one at a time.
* If your signal in raises then your signal is not maximized, re-peak the dish.

Once you have peaked the dish you it is time to maximize the cross polarization of the dish

== Part Two: Maximizing the Cross Polarization of the Dish. ==
* On the computer close the signal strength window and click the Next button
* Click the manual button, click ok
* A pop-up window will appear that will eventually give you a number and a "Pass" or "Fail" message.
* Your OPI should say 02 XX, the 02 is the Cross-Pol mode if it blinks it indicates a fail, if it is solid it indicates a pass\
* The xx is the number that you are cross pol is at. Adjust the skew of the dish by one or two degree incriments to maximize your numbers.
* You must pass this test in order for your modem to work.

== Images ==
<center>
{|
|- border="1"
| [[image:HughesNetOPIConnect.jpg|thumb|Fig 1. OPI Connected to a DW7000 System]]
| [[Image:HughesNetAntennaPointing.gif|thumb|Fig 2. Activate the antenna pointing program]]
| [[Image:HughesNetEnableOPI.gif|thumb|Fig 3. Make sure the enable OPI check box is checked]]
|-
| [[Image:HughesNetSignalStrength.gif|thumb|Fig 4. Maximizing Signal Strength]]
| [[Image:HughesNetACP.gif|thumb|Fig 5. Auto Cross-Pol (ACP)]]
| [[Image:HughesNetManCross.gif|thumb|Fig 6. Manual Cross-Pol]]
|}
</center>

{{inuse}}

== Troubleshooting tips ==

*My OPI only blinks 8L8 or 8H8 at me.
*My OPI will not go higher than 30
*I don’t have an OPI can I still point my dish?

== Bibliography ==
* ( ISBN 1402076592
* ( ISBN 0471784036
* ( ISBN 0971677719

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* ( ASIN B0001654GS
* ( ASIN B0006FS2MW
* ( ASIN B0001D3K8A

== See Also ==
* How to [[Use a compass]]

[[Category:Internet]]

Avoid internet investment scams

2006-10-18T14:25:27Z

Summary: Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Ff8Cgx|Ff8Cgx]] ([[User_talk:Ff8Cgx|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Hapa|Hapa]]

'''Internet Fraud: How to Avoid Internet Investment Scams'''

The Internet serves as an excellent tool for investors, allowing them to easily and inexpensively research investment opportunities. But the Internet is also an excellent tool for fraudsters. That's why you should always think twice before you invest your money in any opportunity you learn about through the Internet.

This alert tells you how to spot different types of Internet fraud, what the SEC is doing to fight Internet investment scams, and how to use the Internet to invest wisely.

== Navigating the Frontier: Where the Frauds Are ==

The Internet allows individuals or companies to communicate with a large audience without spending a lot of time, effort, or money. Anyone can reach tens of thousands of people by building an Internet web site, posting a message on an online bulletin board, entering a discussion in a live "chat" room, or sending mass e-mails. It's easy for fraudsters to make their messages look real and credible. But it's nearly impossible for investors to tell the difference between fact and fiction.

=== Online Investment Newsletters ===

Hundreds of online investment newsletters have appeared on the Internet in recent years. Many offer investors seemingly unbiased information free of charge about featured companies or recommending "stock picks of the month." While legitimate online newsletters can help investors gather valuable information, some online newsletters are tools for fraud.

Some companies pay the people who write online newsletters cash or securities to "tout" or recommend their stocks. While this isn't illegal, the federal securities laws require the newsletters to disclose who paid them, the amount, and the type of payment. But many fraudsters fail to do so. Instead, they'll lie about the payments they received, their independence, their so-called research, and their track records. Their newsletters masquerade as sources of unbiased information, when in fact they stand to profit handsomely if they convince investors to buy or sell particular stocks.

Some online newsletters falsely claim to independently research the stocks they profile. Others spread false information or promote worthless stocks. The most notorious sometimes "scalp" the stocks they hype, driving up the price of the stock with their baseless recommendations and then selling their own holdings at high prices and high profits. To learn how to separate the good from the bad, read our tips for checking out newsletters.

=== Bulletin Boards ===

Online bulletin boards - whether newsgroups, usenet, or web-based bulletin boards - have become an increasingly popular forum for investors to share information. Bulletin boards typically feature "threads" made up of numerous messages on various investment opportunities.

While some messages may be true, many turn out to be bogus - or even scams. Fraudsters often pump up a company or pretend to reveal "inside" information about upcoming announcements, new products, or lucrative contracts.

Also, you never know for certain who you're dealing with - or whether they're credible - because many bulletin boards allow users to hide their identity behind multiple aliases. People claiming to be unbiased observers who've carefully researched the company may actually be company insiders, large shareholders, or paid promoters. A single person can easily create the illusion of widespread interest in a small, thinly-traded stock by posting a series of messages under various aliases.

{{adsense2}}

=== E-mail Spams ===

Because "spam" - junk e-mail - is so cheap and easy to create, fraudsters increasingly use it to find investors for bogus investment schemes or to spread false information about a company. Spam allows the unscrupulous to target many more potential investors than cold calling or mass mailing. Using a bulk e-mail program, spammers can send personalized messages to thousands and even millions of Internet users at a time.

== How to Use the Internet to Invest Wisely ==

If you want to invest wisely and steer clear of frauds, you must get the facts. Never, ever, make an investment based solely on what you read in an online newsletter or bulletin board posting, especially if the investment involves a small, thinly-traded company that isn't well known. And don't even think about investing on your own in small companies that don't file regular reports with the SEC, unless you are willing to investigate each company thoroughly and to check the truth of every statement about the company. For instance, you'll need to:

* get financial statements from the company and be able to analyze them;
* verify the claims about new product developments or lucrative contracts;
* call every supplier or customer of the company and ask if they really do business with the company; and
* check out the people running the company and find out if they've ever made money for investors before.

And it doesn't stop there. For a more detailed list of questions you'll need to ask - and have answered - [http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/askquestions.htm read Ask Questions]. And always watch out for [http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/cyberfraud/signs.htm tell-tale signs of fraud].

Here's how you can use the internet to help you invest wisely:

=== Start With the SEC's EDGAR Database ===

The federal securities laws require many public companies to register with the SEC and file annual reports containing audited financial statements. For example, the following companies must file reports with the SEC:

* All U.S. companies with more than 500 investors and $10 million in net assets; and
* All companies that list their securities on The Nasdaq Stock Market or a major national stock exchange such as the New

== York Stock Exchange. ==

Anyone can access and download these reports from the SEC's [http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml EDGAR database] for free. Before you invest in a company, check to see whether it's registered with the SEC and read its reports.

But some companies don't have to register their securities or file reports on EDGAR. For example, companies raising less than $5 million in a 12-month period may be exempt from registering the transaction under a rule known as "Regulation A." Instead, these companies must file a hard copy of the "offering circular" with the SEC containing financial statements and other information. Also, smaller companies raising less than one million dollars don't have to register with the SEC, but they must file a "Form D." Form D is a brief notice which includes the names and addresses of owners and stock promoters, but little other information. If you can't find a company on EDGAR, call the SEC at (202) 551-8090 to find out if the company filed an offering circular under Regulation A or a Form D. And be sure to request a copy.

The difference between investing in companies that register with the SEC and those that don't is like the difference between driving on a clear sunny day and driving at night without your headlights. You're asking for serious losses if you invest in small, thinly-traded companies that aren't widely known just by following the signs you read on Internet bulletin boards or online newsletters.

=== Contact Your State Securities Regulators ===

Don't stop with the SEC. You should always check with your state [http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye.cgi?www.nasaa.org/QuickLinks/ContactYourRegulator.cfm securities regulator], which you can find on the website of the North American Securities Administrators Association, to see if they have more information about the company and the people behind it. They can check the Central Registration Depository (CRD) and tell you whether the broker touting the stock or the broker's firm has a disciplinary history. They can also tell you whether they've cleared the offering for sale in your state.

=== Check with NASD ===

To check the disciplinary history of the broker or firm that's touting the stock, use NASD's [http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye.cgi?www.nasdbrokercheck.com/ BrokerCheck website], or call NASD's BrokerCheck Program hotline at (800) 289-9999.

=== Online Investment Fraud: New Medium, Same Old Scam ===

The types of investment fraud seen online mirror the frauds perpetrated over the phone or through the mail. Remember that fraudsters can use a variety of Internet tools to spread false information, including bulletin boards, online newsletters, spam, or chat (including Internet Relay Chat or Web Page Chat). They can also build a glitzy, sophisticated web page. All of these tools cost very little money and can be found at the fingertips of fraudsters.

Consider all offers with skepticism. Investment frauds usually fit one of the following categories:

=== The "Pump And Dump" Scam ===

It's common to see messages posted online that urge readers to buy a stock quickly or tell you to sell before the price goes down. Often the writers will claim to have "inside" information about an impending development or to use an "infallible" combination of economic and stock market data to pick stocks. In reality, they may be insiders or paid promoters who stand to gain by selling their shares after the stock price is pumped up by gullible investors. Once these fraudsters sell their shares and stop hyping the stock, the price typically falls and investors lose their money. Fraudsters frequently use this ploy with small, thinly-traded companies because it's easier to manipulate a stock when there's little or no information available about the company.

=== The Pyramid ===

Be wary of messages that read: "How To Make Big Money From Your Home Computer!!!" One online promoter claimed that investors could "turn $5 into $60,000 in just three to six weeks." In reality, this program was nothing more than an electronic version of the classic "pyramid" scheme in which participants attempt to make money solely by recruiting new participants into the program.

=== The "Risk-Free" Fraud ===

"Exciting, Low-Risk Investment Opportunities" to participate in exotic-sounding investments - such as wireless cable projects, prime bank securities, and eel farms - have been offered through the Internet. But no investment is risk-free. And sometimes the investment products touted do not even exist - they're merely scams. Be wary of opportunities that promise spectacular profits or "guaranteed" returns. If the deal sounds too good to be true, then it probably is.

=== Off-shore Frauds ===

At one time, off-shore schemes targeting U.S. investors cost a great deal of money and were difficult to carry out. Conflicting time zones, differing currencies, and the high costs of international telephone calls and overnight mailings made it difficult for fraudsters to prey on U.S. residents. But the Internet has removed those obstacles. Be extra careful when considering any investment opportunity that comes from another country, because it's difficult for U.S. law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute foreign frauds.

== The SEC Is Tracking Fraud ==

The SEC actively investigates allegations of Internet investment fraud and, in many cases, has taken quick action to stop scams. The SEC has also coordinated with federal and state criminal authorities to put Internet fraudsters in jail. Here's a sampling of recent cases in which the SEC took action to fight Internet fraud:

'''Francis A. Tribble and Sloane Fitzgerald, Inc.''' sent more than six million unsolicited e-mails, built bogus web sites, and distributed an online newsletter over a ten-month period to promote two small, thinly traded "microcap" companies. Because they failed to tell investors that the companies they were touting had agreed to pay them in cash and securities, the SEC sued both Tribble and Sloane to stop them from violating the law again and imposed a $15,000 penalty on Tribble. Their massive spamming campaign triggered the largest number of complaints to the SEC's online Enforcement Complaint Center.

'''Charles O. Huttoe''' and twelve other defendants secretly distributed to friends and family nearly 42 million shares of Systems of Excellence Inc., known by its ticker symbol "SEXI." Huttoe drove up the price of SEXI shares through false press releases claiming non-existent multi-million dollar sales, an acquisition that had not occurred, and revenue projections that had no basis in reality. He also bribed co-defendant SGA Goldstar to tout SEXI to subscribers of SGA Goldstar's online "Whisper Stocks" newsletter. The SEC obtained court orders freezing Huttoe's assets and those of various others who participated in the scheme or who received fraud proceeds. Six people, including Huttoe and Theodore R. Melcher, Jr., the author of the online newsletter, were also convicted of criminal violations. Both Huttoe and Melcher were sentenced to federal prison. The SEC has thus far recovered approximately $11 million in illegal profits from the various defendants.

'''Matthew Bowin''' recruited investors for his company, Interactive Products and Services, in a direct public offering done entirely over the Internet. He raised $190,000 from 150 investors. But instead of using the money to build the company, Bowin pocketed the proceeds and bought groceries and stereo equipment. The SEC sued Bowin in a civil case, and the Santa Cruz, CA District Attorney's Office prosecuted him criminally. He was convicted of 54 felony counts and sentenced to 10 years in jail.

'''IVT Systems''' solicited investments to finance the construction of an ethanol plant in the Dominican Republic. The Internet solicitations promised a return of 50% or more with no reasonable basis for the prediction. Their literature contained lies about contracts with well known companies and omitted other important information for investors. After the SEC filed a complaint, they agreed to stop breaking the law.

'''Gene Block and Renate Haag''' were caught offering "prime bank" securities, a type of security that doesn't even exist. They collected over $3.5 million by promising to double investors' money in four months. The SEC has frozen their assets and stopped them from continuing their fraud.

'''Daniel Odulo''' was stopped from soliciting investors for a proposed eel farm. Odulo promised investors a "whopping 20% return," claiming that the investment was "low risk." When he was caught by the SEC, he consented to the court order stopping him from breaking the securities laws.

If you believe that you have been the victim of a securities-related fraud, through the Internet or otherwise, or if you believe that any person or entity may have violated or is currently violating the federal securities laws, you can submit a complaint using the SEC's [http://www.sec.gov/complaint.shtml online complaint form] or email at enforcement@sec.gov.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1563437864
* (ISBN 1889277363
* (ISBN 0756705444

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000BDC0HC
* (ASIN B000GAQLNO
* (ASIN B00006KWIS

== See Also ==
* [[Avoid Foreclosure]]

[[category:Finance]]

Install tracks on godaddy

2006-08-14T03:53:27Z

Summary:

'''Tracks''' is a web-based application to help you implement '''David Allen’s Getting Things Done™''' ('''GTD''') methodology. It is built using Ruby on Rails. This tutorial explains how to install Tracks on a GoDaddy server running on a Deluxe hosting Account.

== Create Rails App Directory ==
* In the Hosting Manager Control panel go Click on "CGI Admin"
* This will take you to the CGI Administration page.
* In the Ruby tab under "Create Rails App Directory"
* Type the directory you will upload Tracks to and click the "Create" button

== Create Symbolic Link ==
* Under "Create Rails Symbolic Link"
* Click the "Show Rails Applications" link
* Choose "Tracks" from the drop down list
* Enter "tracks" in the bock titled "Enter a link name:" then click the create button

== Create the Database ==
* In the Hosting Manager Control panel go Click on "MySQL" [[image:icon_mysql.gif]]
* Click on "CREATE NEW DATABASE" button
* Enter a Username and password that you'll remember (Your username will also become your database name)
* on next page clilck "CREATE DATABASE"

It will take a while (5 to 10 min or so) for GoDaddy's servers to create and setup your database. Hit reload every so often.

* When the "OPEN MANAGER" button is enabled your database is setup [[image:BtnOpenManager_over.gif]]
* Click the "Edit" Icon under "Actions" (it looks like a pencil) [[image:IconEdit_over.gif]]
* This shows you your database information
* Copy the "Host Name" to a scratch text file or write it down, you will need this to connect to your database

{{adsense2}}

== Populate the Database ==
* Click the "OPEN MANAGER" Button [[image:BtnOpenManager_over.gif]]
* Logon to the MySQL Manager by entering the Username and Password you just created for your Db
* On the phpMyAdmin page click the "SQL" Icon on the left [[image:b_selboard.png]]
* In the window that pops up enter the following

<pre>
-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 2.6.1
-- http://www.phpmyadmin.net
--

-- Generation Time: Aug 09, 2006 at 11:57 AM
-- Server version: 4.1.9
-- PHP Version: 4.3.11RC1-dev
--
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `contexts`
--

CREATE TABLE `contexts` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
`hide` int(4) NOT NULL default '0',
`position` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`user_id` int(11) default '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `contexts`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `notes`
--

CREATE TABLE `notes` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`project_id` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`body` text,
`created_at` datetime default NULL,
`updated_at` datetime default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `notes`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `projects`
--

CREATE TABLE `projects` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
`position` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`done` int(4) NOT NULL default '0',
`user_id` int(11) default '1',
`description` text,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `projects`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `schema_info`
--

CREATE TABLE `schema_info` (
`version` int(11) default NULL
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `schema_info`
--

INSERT INTO `schema_info` VALUES (7);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `sessions`
--

CREATE TABLE `sessions` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`session_id` varchar(255) default NULL,
`data` text,
`updated_at` datetime default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `sessions_session_id_index` (`session_id`)
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `sessions`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `todos`
--

CREATE TABLE `todos` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`context_id` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
`description` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '',
`notes` text,
`done` int(4) NOT NULL default '0',
`created_at` datetime default NULL,
`due` date default NULL,
`completed` datetime default NULL,
`project_id` int(11) default NULL,
`user_id` int(11) default '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

--
-- Dumping data for table `todos`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `users`
--

CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`login` varchar(80) default NULL,
`password` varchar(40) default NULL,
`word` varchar(255) default NULL,
`is_admin` int(4) NOT NULL default '0',
`preferences` text,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

</pre>
* Then click the "Go" Button
* You may now close the phpMyAdmin window

== Edit the Files ==
Using your favorite text editor edit the following files.

Edit "/public/dispatch.cgi" file
Change the 1st line from:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby

to:
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby.

edit "/public/.htaccess" file

Change the line that reads:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ dispatch.cgi [QSA,L]

to read:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ dispatch.fcgi [QSA,L]

Edit the "database.yml" file to read as follows:
<pre>
development:
adapter: mysql
database: (your db name)
host: (The MySQL Host address)
port: 3306
username: (your db user name)
password: (Your Password)

test:
adapter: mysql
database: (your db name)
host: (The MySQL Host address)
port: 3306
username: (your db user name)
password: (Your Password)

production:
adapter: mysql
database: (your db name)
host: (The MySQL Host address)
port: 3306
username: (your db user name)
password: (Your Password)
</pre>

I just used the same values for development, test and production. If you want to set up 3 databases have fun

== Upload Tracks ==
Using your favorite FTP program Upload Tracks to the directory you just created.

== Set permissions ==
* set the permissions of dispatch.cgi to 755

== Log on to Tracks ==
You can now log on to your tracks installation by going to goto http://www.yoursite.com/tracks/signup to sign on

== See Also ==

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0142000280
* (ISBN 0143034545
* (ISBN 1932394699

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B0006BAGAW
* (ASIN B0001YGN7O
* (ASIN B0006VNZ1O

== External Links ==
* [http://www.rousette.org.uk/projects/ Tracks Website]
* [http://www.rousette.org.uk/projects/forums/viewthread/13/ My forum post on GoDaddy installation]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Ruby]]
[[Category:MySQL]]

Tune a guitar

2006-07-24T17:49:10Z

Summary:

Proper tuning of your guitar is essential especially if you would like to play music with other musicians. This tutorial will explain several methods of '''how to tune your guitar'''

== Proper Tuning Technique ==
To properly tune a guitar it is important to tune to the target note in a sharp direction. That is if your target note is "A" and when you pluck your string you notice that it is sharper than your target "A" then turn the tuning peg to a pitch flatter than "A" and slowly tune up to "A" if you pass "A" then repeat the process. Always tune up to the desired note.
The reason for this is that when tuning down the string may have a tendency to bind on the nut, as soon as you begin playing the string may unbind causing it to go flat.

<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font color="#FF0000">"Guitar Speed Learning System" </font></b></font></p><p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Amazing speed learning techniques, full of pro secrets, cheats and insider tips to have you playing like a legend in days.</font></p> <p align="center"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">[http://www.guitartips.com.au/cgibin/affiliates/click.cgi?id=1426&url=http://www.elmore-music.com/speed-learning&banner_id=OTTune01 Click here to check it out NOW!]</font></p> <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> It's got heaps of hot tips & tricks. I highly recommend it!</font></p>

== Electronic Tuning Methods ==
There are many electronic tuners out on the market from the in-expensive (ASIN B0002E4YOM to the more expensive rack tuners (ASIN B000B2QJLQ

TODO:explain different Electronic tuners and how to use them

== Tuning by Ear Methods ==
If you do not have an electronic tuner then you must tune your guitar by ear.

To do this you must obtain a reference pitch. This can be done be several different methods.

These methods include:
* A pitch pipe
* Piano or keyboard
* A recorded sound

=== Pitch Pipe ===
[[image:pitchpipe.jpg|thumb]]<br>

A pitch pipe a device similar to a harmonica, when you blow through one of the pipes you get a musical note. Most pitch pipes have a 6 pipes, one for each string of your guitar.

=== Piano or Keyboard ===
[[image:pianokeys.gif]]<br>

To get a reference pitch from a piano or electronic keyboard use the following notes for each guitar string:

* For the 6th string use the "E" in the second octave below middle C (12 white keys below middle C)
* For the 5th String use the "A" in the second octave below middle C (9 white keys below middle C)
* For the 4th String use the "D" in the first octave below middle C (6 white keys below middle C)
* For the 3rd String use the "G" in the first octave below middle C (3 white keys below middle C)
* For the 2nd String use the "B" in the first octave below middle C (1 white keys below middle C)
* For the 1nd String use the "E" in the first octave above middle C (2 white keys above middle C)

{{adsense2}}
=== Recorded Sound ===
A CD where you know the note being played can be a good place for a reference note for instance the 1st note in the baseline of the song "Crazy on you" by Heart is an A

Use the Flash Guitar Tuner below to listen to sound of each string. Most "Learn to play guitar" books come with a CD that have the recorded sounds of each string such as (ISBN 1875726373

'''Improve Your Guitar Playing with Elmore Music's Speed Learning System -- [http://www.guitartips.com.au/cgibin/affiliates/click.cgi?id=1426&url=http://www.elmore-music.com/speed-learning&banner_id=OTTune01 CLICK HERE]'''

=== From your head ===
If you have the ability to hear the sound in your mind's ear or if you can sing the note then this is the least expensive method of all.

=== Tuning the guitar to itself ===
[[image:GuitarTuiningnotes.gif]]

Once you have obtained a reference note (preferably for the 6th string E) you can tune each string of the guitar in the following manner:

* Press the 6th string at the 5th fret and pluck the note this will sound the note "A" Using [[#Proper Tuning Technique|proper tuning technique]] adjust the 5th string to match the note
* Press the 5th string at the 5th fret and pluck the note this will sound the note "D" Using [[#Proper Tuning Technique|proper tuning technique]] adjust the 5th string to match the note
* Press the 4th string at the 5th fret and pluck the note this will sound the note "G" Using [[#Proper Tuning Technique|proper tuning technique]] adjust the 5th string to match the note
* Press the 3rd string at the 4th fret and pluck the note this will sound the note "B" Using [[#Proper Tuning Technique|proper tuning technique]] adjust the 5th string to match the note
* Press the 2nd string at the 5th fret and pluck the note this will sound the note "E" Using [[#Proper Tuning Technique|proper tuning technique]] adjust the 5th string to match the note
* Re-check your strings and repeat the process if any have deviated

== Tuning Charts ==
{| border="0" width="100%" align="center"
|- align="center"
|
Standard Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || E
|- align="center"
|5th || B
|- align="center"
|4th || G
|- align="center"
|3rd || D
|- align="center"
|2nd || A
|- align="center"
|1st || E
|}
|
Drop D Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || E
|- align="center"
|5th || B
|- align="center"
|4th || G
|- align="center"
|3rd || D
|- align="center"
|2nd || A
|- align="center"
|1st || D
|}

|
Open A Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || E
|- align="center"
|5th || A
|- align="center"
|4th || E
|- align="center"
|3rd || A
|- align="center"
|2nd || C#
|- align="center"
|1st || E
|}

|- align="center"

|
Open C Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || C
|- align="center"
|5th || G
|- align="center"
|4th || C
|- align="center"
|3rd || G
|- align="center"
|2nd || C
|- align="center"
|1st || E
|}
|
Open D Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || D
|- align="center"
|5th || A
|- align="center"
|4th || D
|- align="center"
|3rd || F#
|- align="center"
|2nd || A
|- align="center"
|1st || D
|}
|
Open E Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || E
|- align="center"
|5th || B
|- align="center"
|4th || E
|- align="center"
|3rd || G#
|- align="center"
|2nd || B
|- align="center"
|1st || E
|}
|- align="center"

|
Open G Tuning
{| border="1"
!String !! Number Note
|- align="center"
|6th || D
|- align="center"
|5th || G
|- align="center"
|4th || D
|- align="center"
|3rd || G
|- align="center"
|2nd || B
|- align="center"
|1st || D
|}
|

|

|}

'''Improve Your Guitar Playing with Elmore Music's Speed Learning System -- [http://www.guitartips.com.au/cgibin/affiliates/click.cgi?id=1426&url=http://www.elmore-music.com/speed-learning&banner_id=OTTune01 CLICK HERE]'''

== Online Flash Guitar Tuner ==

<center>
<flash>file=GuitarTuiningChart.swf|width=1024|height=768</flash>
<br>
</center>

== YouTube Tutorial ==

<center>
<YouTube>
title=How To Tune A Guitar
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6UUqR-NIsk
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/f6UUqR-NIsk
wrap = no
width=500
height=400
</YouTube>
</center>

'''Improve Your Guitar Playing with Elmore Music's Speed Learning System -- [http://www.guitartips.com.au/cgibin/affiliates/click.cgi?id=1426&url=http://www.elmore-music.com/speed-learning&banner_id=OTTune01 CLICK HERE]'''

== See Also ==

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0793582199
* (ISBN 0634009931
* (ISBN 1574241117

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B0002E4YOM
* (ASIN B0002U8COE
* (ASIN B000EX60S4

[[Category:Musical instruments]]
[[Category:Music]]

Insert an image into text using photoshop

2006-07-20T16:38:14Z

Summary: /* Flash Tutorial */ fixed dimensions

Add some spice to your headings by '''inserting an image into text using Photoshop''' This tecnique is also great for creating text with photographed textures.
[[image:imageintotext.jpg]]

== Flash Tutorial ==
<flash>file=imageintotext.swf|width=800|height=620</flash>
<br>
Open the Flash tutorial by itself [[media:imageintotext.swf]]

== Preperation ==

* Open an image image that would look good inside your text into photoshop
* Create a new Photoshop document by selecting From the File menu File/New...
** Enter what ever size you like, for this tutorial I used 400 width and 100 height

== Create your text ==

* Select the Horizontal Type tool and choose what ever font you like
* Type your text into your document, you may want to rezize it to fit your needs by using the Free Transform tool (Edit/Free Transform or CTRL+T)

{{adsense2}}
== Placing the image into the text ==
* Copy the image to the clip board by clicking on the image window and from the menu choose Select/All or press CTRL+A
* Click back on your text document then in the Layers palette hold down the CTRL key and click the text layer
* Paste the image into the text by selecting Edit/Paste into from the menu or by pressing Shift+CTRL+V
* Depending on the size of the image and the size of your text you may want to resize the image to fit your text do this by using the Free Transform tool (CTRL+T)

That's all there is to it

[[image:imageintotext-stone.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Stone texture]]

== See Also ==
* How to [[Create neon sign text using photoshop cs]]
* How to [[Create a brushed metal texture using Photoshop CS]]

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0240519841
* (ISBN 1903450462
* (ISBN 0596101589

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00081I76A
* (ASIN B000AP89JE
* (ASIN B00095M4Q4

[[Category:Photoshop]]

Light charcoal without lighter fluid

2006-07-05T01:23:54Z

Summary: Wrapping it all up

Lighting charcoal briquettes without lighter fluid is easy with this '''homemade Charcoal Chimney'''

== Materials Needed ==

* A charcoal chimney (see How to [[Make a charcoal chimney]] or [[#Amazon's Related Products]])
* Charcoal
* Newspaper
* a grill
* tongs
* Oven mitts

== Lighting the Charcoal ==

* Begin by filling your charcoal chimney to the top with charcoal
* Loosely wad a sheet of newspaper and place it under the chimney in the center of your grill
* CAREFULLY light the paper through the air holes (you may have to lift the chimney to get to the paper and light from underneath)
** You may have to do this more than once, I had to do it twice for this tutorial.
* Once the Charcoal begins to wait a while and it will flame on and ignite the rest of the coal in the chimney
* When the charcoal in the chimney is ashen white (see Fig.5 ) then put on your oven mitts, be EXTREMELY CAREFUL and dump the coals into your grill
* spread them evenly with your tongs
* Barbecue away!

== Images ==

{| border="0" align="center"
|[[image:lightcharcoal01.jpg.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 1. Placing the newspaper under the chimney]]
|[[image:lightcharcoal02.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 2. ]]
|-
|[[image:lightcharcoal03.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 3. Lightning the paper]]
|[[image:lightcharcoal04.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 4. It's working on it's own now]]
|-
|[[image:lightcharcoal05.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 5. Ashen white coals ready to be dumped]]
|[[image:lightcharcoal06.jpg|thumb|left|Fig 6. Dumped coals spread out on grill]]
|}

== Warning ==
Fire is dangerous, always be careful. Do not touch hot surfaces or flames or smoke or steam. I am not responsible in any way if you burn yourself.

== Usage notes ==

When I did this the first wad of newspaper burned out without sufficiently lighting the charcoal. I had to carefully put a second wadding of paper underneath the chimney and re-light. After a few minutes everything lit beautifully.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1563058669
* (ISBN 0761120149
* (ISBN 1558322973

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00004U9VV
* (ASIN B00004RALR
* (ASIN B000F64UKA

== See Also ==

* How to [[Make a charcoal chimney]]

== External Links ==

* [[wp:Chimney_starter|Chimney Starter]] Wikipedia Article

[[category:outdoor cooking]]

Make a charcoal chimney

2006-07-01T21:37:35Z

Summary: /* Materials Needed */

Lighting charcoal briquettes without lighter fluid is easy with this '''homemade Charcoal Chimney'''

== Materials Needed ==

* 1 #10 tin can (coffee can)
* 1 can opener
* 1 church key
* 2 Wire coat hangers
* 1 drill with a 1/8" drill bit
* 1 pair of diagonal cutters
* 1 pair of needle nose pliers

== Making the Charcoal Chimney ==

=== Placing the holes ===

* Begin with a clean #10 tin can remove any labeling that may be on the can.
* With the can opener remove both ends to form a basic chimney (Fig 1)

[[image:chimney01.jpg|thumb|center|Fig 1. Removing the ends]]
* Using the church key make a series of triangular holes on one side of the can separated by about 2 inches (see Fig 2.) (this side will be referred to as the bottom)

[[image:chimney02.jpg|thumb|center|Fig 2. Placing Triangular Holes]]
* Drill two sets of eight holes about 3 inches from the bottom of the can (see Fig 3.) with about 3/4 of an inch separating the 2 holes in each set

[[image:charcoal-chimney-holes.gif|center|Fig 3. Placing 2 sets of 8 1/8" holes]]
* Drill 4 holes for handle (see illustration)

=== Making a Wire Mesh ===

* Open the coat hangers and straighten with the pliers
* Cut the coat hanger into 12 8 inch pieces using the diagonal cutters
* With the pliers form a hook at one end of each of the 12 pieces of wire about 3/4" in diameter
# Thread the straight end of the wire through the can to it's opposite hole making sure to thread the hook end into it's corresponding hole
[[image:chimney03.jpg|thumb|center|Fig 4. Threading the Hanger wire]]
* Insert the hook into the the hole nearest it and using the pliers, on the inside of the can bend the wire so that it cannot be removed from the can (see Fig 5. for what this should look like)
* Repeat the inserting process for all the holes, you may have to drill additional holes and place additional wires to make a tighter mesh depending on the size of charcoal you plan to use. (I had to do this, see Fig 5.)
[[image:chimney04.jpg|thumb|center|Fig 5. Finished Wire Mesh]]

=== Making the Handle ===
* For the handle drill 2 sets of two holes, one set at the top of the can and another near the mesh. Drill the sets vertically
* take the remainder of the coat hanger and fasten it in the same manner done when creating the mesh (See Fig 6.)
[[image:chimney05.jpg|thumb|center|Fig 6. Finished product]]

== Warnings ==
* Be careful, I cut myself twice while building this be smarter than me, use gloves.
* I make absolutely no claim to the safety of this project, make it and use it at your own risk. There are professionally built Charcoal Chimneys on the market (see [[#Amazon's Related Products]] below.) Please consider buying one if for any reason you feel uncomfortable about making your own.

== Usage Notes ==
* This particular design lights enough lit charcoal to fill a small barbecue, perfect for cooking a few burgers at a time. If you need to fill a large barbecue then you may want to make more than one of these or consider purchasing a larger one.
* To see this Charcoal Chimney in action go to [[Light charcoal without lighter fluid]]

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1563058669
* (ISBN 0761120149
* (ISBN 1558322973

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00004U9VV
* (ASIN B00004RALR
* (ASIN B000F64UKA

== See Also ==
* How to [[Light charcoal without lighter fluid]]

== External Links ==

* [[wp:Chimney_starter|Chimney Starter]] Wikipedia Article

[[Category:Outdoor cooking]]

Construct a pentagon/comments

2006-06-25T17:03:21Z

Summary: /* Summary */ reverse sense

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Comments ==

=== Summary ===

Construction and proof of the inscribed pentagon is interesting for several reasons. It is much more complex than the corresponding work for other polygons of small degree; most can be constructed with little effort and proof is trivial. This proof relies heavily on the [[Construct a pentagon/golden|Golden Ratio]], {{varphi}}; although we treat this in the proof as a variable and set about deriving its value, this may be considered a universal constant, much like π or ''e'', to both of which it is related. And instead of progressing in a strictly straightforward manner, we start with a completed decagon and work down to calculated lengths; then we start with basic axioms and build up our construction to these same lengths. Analysis and synthesis meet in the middle at {{varphi}}.

[[Image:5star-12-step-06.png|300px|left]]
[[Image:5star-17-proof-04.png|300px|left]]
<br clear="left" />
What makes the pentagon so difficult is that the angle subtending adjacent vertices is 2π / 5. The easy-to-come-by angles are π / 3, π / 6, and π / 2 (the right angle). Also, angles such as π / 4 and π / 12 are easy to derive from these. The inscribed square is constructed by finding first the right angle, then connecting corners; the inscribed hexagon is constructed of sides all equal in length to the radius. In our construction, we make no effort to find the angle of the pentagon (although we derive it in our proof); we seek instead lengths EA' and DA' -- and A' is not even a vertex of the pentagon, but only of the decagon.

Even resorting to the decagon, we run into a stumbling block when we try to calculate these lengths. In our construction, we're able to apply Pythagoras on the line SO; but S is neither a vertex of the pentagon nor the decagon. To verify our construction, our proof must determine the length of at least one line connecting vertices of the decagon -- a line that does not pass through the center point O.

We might attempt to use Pythagoras on, say, DC. Find the intersection of DC with AA'; call this T. Now if we knew the lengths of TD and TA', we could easily find DA'. But we have no way to proceed to either of these.

With only Pythagoras, we might be stopped. The Golden Ratio is our path to solution. Using the properties of similar and isosceles triangles, we discover that there are only a small number of different line lengths in the decagon and they are all related to one another through this ratio, {{varphi}}. In the end we find that one form of {{varphi}}:

{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|11}}

is identical to the value we calculate in our construction using Pythagoras.

=== Decagon ===

Why do we use a decagon at all? Is there no way to construct and prove the construction without the use of the point A'?

There are many alternate constructions and there is indeed a common construction that makes no use of A'. The difficulty is that since none of the vertices of the pentagon lie on the line SO, Pythagoras must be used twice. The length of the side of the inscribed pentagon (given as before a radius of 1) is:

{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|24}}

This ''can'' be related to {{varphi}} but again, the proof relies on vertex A' of the decagon. The algebra is messy, too.

=== Euclid ===

[[Image:5star-24-euclid.png|400px]]

Euclid's construction of the inscribed pentagon, (IV.11), is rather roundabout. He first constructs a Golden Triangle on an arbitrary line, then inscribes a similar triangle in the given circle. This gives elements of both pentagon and pentagram, from which the other sides of the pentagon may be constructed easily.

This approach depends on a few things we do not need with our construction: (IV.10) and (IV.2). The construction is clumsy but, in compensation, the proof is simple.

Construct a pentagon/proof

2006-06-24T09:55:30Z

Summary: Reverted edits from UxxLu5

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

[[Image:5star-13-complete.png|200px]]

''I say the figure ABCDE is a regular pentagon.''

== Proof: Inscribed Pentagon ==

=== P 01 ===

[[Image:5star-14-proof-01.png|400px|left]]

Consider a regular decagon AD'BE'CA'DB'EC' inscribed in a circle O with radius AO. Set AO = r = 1.

• We may consider the inscribed decagon '''given''' without having a construction.

<br clear="left" />

=== P 02 ===

[[Image:5star-15-proof-02.png|400px|left]]

A decagon has 10 vertices and a pentagon has 5 vertices, so '''if''' we can construct the first '''then''' we can construct the second.

<br clear="left" />

=== P 03 ===

[[Image:5star-16-proof-03.png|400px|left]]

Connect every vertex of the decagon to every other vertex.

• This is called a ''complete graph''.

<br clear="left" />

=== P 04 ===

[[Image:5star-17-proof-04.png|400px|left]]

Remove most of the lines from the last figure, for simplicity. Find the intersection of DD' and A'E; call this N.

<br clear="left" />

=== P 05 ===

Since the complete circle has an angle of 2π, the angle connecting adjacent vertices (such as &ang;A'OD) must be 2π / 10 = π / 5. Call this θ ("theta").

• We discuss angles in radians. The angle θ = π / 5 radians = 36°.

=== P 06 ===

Since A'O and DO are both radii of circle O they are equal and triangle A'OD must be isosceles in O.

=== P 07 ===

Since the sum of all angles in every triangle is π = 5θ and &ang;A'OD = π / 5 = θ, &ang;DA'O = &ang;A'DO = 2π / 5 = 2θ.

=== P 08 ===

• Equal angles inscribed in a circle subtend equal chords.

Arc AE = Arc ED, so &ang;AA'E = &ang;EA'D = (&ang;DA'O) / 2 = θ.

=== P 09 ===

Since &ang;EA'D = &ang;NA'D = θ and &ang;A'DN = &ang;A'DO = 2θ, &ang;A'ND = 2θ and so triangle A'DN is isosceles in A'; and A'N = DA'.

=== P 10 ===

Since &ang;NA'D = &ang;A'OD, &ang;A'DN = &ang;A'DO, and &ang;A'ND = &ang;DA'O; therefore triangles A'OD and A'DN are similar (AAA) and the ratios of corresponding sides are equal.

So DO / A'N = DA' / ND = A'O / DA'.

Also DO / DA' = A'O / DA' = NA' / ND = DA' / ND.

=== P 11 ===

Since &ang;NA'D = θ and &ang;DA'O = 2θ, &ang;NA'O = θ. Thus triangle ONA' is isosceles in N; and A'N = NO. Also &ang;A'NO = 3θ. By (P 09), A'N = DA' = NO; call this length ''g''.

=== P 12 ===

By (P 01), DO = 1. By (P 10) and (P 11), DO / A'N = DO / NO = 1 / ''g''.

Also DO / NO = DO / DA' = NA' / ND = NO / ND = 1 / ''g''.

==== Summary ====

[[Image:5star-20-proof-04a.png|400px|left]]
[[Image:5star-21-proof-04b.png|400px|left]]
[[Image:5star-22-proof-04c.png|400px|left]]

<br clear="left" />

The conclusions of (P 05) through (P 12) and later (P 16) are summarized in the figures above. The angles are θ, 2θ, and 3θ. The line lengths are 1, ''g'', and 1 - ''g''.

=== P 13 ===

By (P 12), DO / NO = NO / ND. But DO = NO + ND. So by substitution:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|01}}

For convenience, let's rewrite this as:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|02}}

Call this ratio ''s'' / ''t'' = {{varphi}} ("phi").

=== P 14 ===

Divide numerator and denominator of the left side by ''t'':
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|03}}

Substitute {{varphi}} for ''s'' / ''t'':
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|04}}

Multiply both sides by {{varphi}}:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|05}}

=== P 15 ===

This is a ''quadratic equation'', so put in standard form:

{|
|-
| {{:Construct a pentagon/eq|06}}
| {{:Construct a pentagon/eq|07}}
|}

So ''a ''= 1, ''b'' = -1, and ''c'' = -1; using the ''quadratic formula'':

{|
|-
| {{:Construct a pentagon/eq|09}}
| {{:Construct a pentagon/eq|08}}
|}

Simplify to:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|10}}

The ratio NO / ND is positive, so we prefer the positive root:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|11}}

=== P 16 ===

[[Image:5star-17-proof-04.png|400px]]

Since A'O = EO, triangle EOA' is isosceles in O. By (P 11), &ang;NA'O = &ang;EA'O = &ang;OEA' = θ. Again, since the sum of angles in a triangle must be π = 5θ, &ang;A'OE = 3θ. Therefore triangles A'OE and ONA' are similar (AAA); A'O / EA' = NA' / EO and A'O / NA' = EA' / EO.

=== P 17 ===

By (P 09, 11, 12), the ratio A'O / NA' = 1 / ''g'' = {{varphi}}; by (P 16) this is also equal to EA' / EO. But since EO = 1, the length EA' is itself {{varphi}}.

=== P 18 ===

We have already found (P 11) that the length DA' = ''g''. By (P 13) we set 1/''g'' = {{varphi}}, so ''g'' = 1/{{varphi}}.

=== P 19 ===

In (P 14) we found:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|04}}

Simplify:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|12}}
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|13}}
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|14}}

Therefore:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|15}}

{{box||At this point we have said nothing at all about our construction but we have analyzed the properties of an inscribed regular decagon and deduced certain lengths and angles within it. If we can show our construction generates lines of these lengths, then we will have proven it. }}

=== P 20 ===

Now it is time to look again at our construction:

[[Image:5star-10-step-04.png|400px]]

Since A'O = 1 and MO = 1 / 2, then by Pythagoras:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|16}}

Simplify:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|17}}
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|18}}

=== P 21 ===

Since the radius of circle M is 1 / 2 (Step 2, 3), then OM = PM = QM = 1 / 2.

=== P 22 ===

Since PA' = MA' + PM, then by (P 20, 21):

{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|19}}

which by (P 15) is also equal to {{varphi}}. In (Step 5) we found E such that EA' = PA'. By (P 17), E and A' are indeed vertices of a regular decagon.

[[Image:5star-11-step-05.png|400px]]

=== P 23 ===

Similarly, QA' = MA' - QM, so:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|20}}

Adding zero is of course allowed:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|21}}

Regroup:
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|22}}
{{:Construct a pentagon/eq|23}}

which is equal to {{varphi}} - 1 (P 15). In (Step 5) we found D such that DA' = QA'. By (P 17), D and A' are indeed vertices of a regular decagon.

=== P 24 ===

[[Image:5star-15-proof-02.png|400px]]

By similar arguments we show that B and C are also vertices of a regular decagon. Since a decagon has an even number of vertices, A is also a vertex. And by (P 02), we have also found the vertices of a regular pentagon. QED.

Construct a pentagon/equations

2006-06-24T07:23:34Z

Summary: /* Equation List */ add eq 24

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Equation List ==

{|
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq01.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq01.png]]
| EQ 01
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq02.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq02.png]]
| EQ 02
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq03.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq03.png]]
| EQ 03
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq04.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq04.png]]
| EQ 04
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq05.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq05.png]]
| EQ 05
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq06.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq06.png]]
| EQ 06
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq07.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq07.png]]
| EQ 07
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq08.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq08.png]]
| EQ 08
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq09.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq09.png]]
| EQ 09
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq10.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq10.png]]
| EQ 10
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq11.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq11.png]]
| EQ 11
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq12.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq12.png]]
| EQ 12
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq13.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq13.png]]
| EQ 13
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq14.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq14.png]]
| EQ 14
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq15.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq15.png]]
| EQ 15
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq16.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq16.png]]
| EQ 16
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq17.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq17.png]]
| EQ 17
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq18.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq18.png]]
| EQ 18
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq19.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq19.png]]
| EQ 19
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq20.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq20.png]]
| EQ 20
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq21.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq21.png]]
| EQ 21
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq22.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq22.png]]
| EQ 22
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq23.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq23.png]]
| EQ 23
|-
| [[Image:5star-eq24.png]]
| [[:Image:5star-eq24.png]]
| EQ 24
|}

Construct a pentagon/eq

2006-06-24T07:13:35Z

Summary: new

: <div>[[Image:5star-eq{{{1}}}.png|left]]{[[:Image:5star-eq01.png|EQ {{{1}}}]]}</div><br clear="left" />

Construct a pentagon/more

2006-06-23T12:15:36Z

Summary: clear float left only; fix link text

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Construction: Pentagram and Stars ==

[[Image:5star-03-pentagram.png|200px|left]]
[[Image:5star-02-star.png|200px|left]]
[[Image:5star-01-solid.png|200px|left]]

<br clear="left" />

It's not hard to construct a pentagram instead of a pentagon. Just stop short after [[Construct_a_pentagon/construction#Step 5|Step 5]]; instead of drawing lines connecting A, B, C, D, E and back to A, draw lines AC, CE, EB, BD, and DA.

Fill the pentagram to make a star; this will look best if the pentagram is first drawn lightly with a hard pencil and then nearly erased.

[[Image:5star-18-decagon-plus.png|400px]]

The solid star is related to the ''decagon''. Given a decagon, draw all the diagonals; these are all diameters of the circumscribing circle. Wise choices of what to erase and what to fill in make the solid star.

On the other hand, given an inscribed star or pentagram, the decagon can be constructed by extending lines through existing vertices and intersections until they meet the circumscribing circle.

Can you construct a ''stellated decagon''? Is there more than one kind?

Construct a pentagon/construction

2006-06-23T11:13:48Z

Summary: added adsense ad

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

[[Image:5star-04-finished.png|200px]]

''Given a circle, inscribe a regular pentagon.''

== Construction: Inscribed Pentagon ==

[[Image:5star-05-given.png|400px|left]]

Although we generally consider the circle as given, in theory we should always start with two given (arbitrarily chosen) points.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 0 ===

[[Image:5star-06-step-00.png|400px|left]]

Given points A and O, draw circle O with radius AO and diameter AA'. Let AO be 1 unit.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 1 ===

[[Image:5star-07-step-01.png|400px|left]]

Construct the perpendicular bisector of AA' and find one intersection with circle O; call this S.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 2 ===

[[Image:5star-08-step-02.png|400px|left]]

Construct the perpendicular bisector of SO and find its intersection with line SO; call this M.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 3 ===

[[Image:5star-09-step-03.png|400px|left]]

Draw a circle M with radius OM.

<br clear="left" />
{{adsense2}}
=== Step 4 ===

[[Image:5star-10-step-04.png|400px|left]]

Draw a line through A' and M. Find its intersections with circle M; call these P and Q.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 5 ===

[[Image:5star-11-step-05.png|400px|left]]

Draw (two) circles with center A' and radii QA' and PA'. Find their intersections with circle O; call these B, C, D, and E.

<br clear="left" />

=== Step 6 ===

[[Image:5star-12-step-06.png|400px|left]]

Draw lines AB, BC, CD, DE, and EA.

''I say the figure ABCDE is a regular pentagon.'' QEF.

<br clear="all" />

Construct a pentagon/stars

2006-06-23T10:31:26Z

Summary: new

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Problems: Stars ==

[[Image:5star-02-star.png|400px]]

The five-pointed star is merely a [[Construct a pentagon/pentagram|pentagram]] with the enclosed area filled in and the lines erased. This is such a common symbol that there is little point listing its uses; it's seen on everything from the flags of US and China to bottles of beer.

[[Image:5star-01-solid.png|400px]]

The solid star, three-dimensional in appearance, is the most challenging contruction we will present -- but only a step from the others. Mastery of this figure is quite gratifying and qualifies the intermediate geometer.

Construct a pentagon/pentagram

2006-06-23T10:19:21Z

Summary: added adsense ad

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Problem: Inscribed Pentagram ==

[[Image:5star-03-pentagram.png|400px]]

''Given a circle, inscribe a regular pentagram.''

A ''pentagram'' is also known as a ''stellated'' pentagon. This is only a nice way of saying star-shaped. It has the same construction as the pentagon up to the final step; but instead of connecting adjacent vertices, connect every other. Given the pentagon, the pentagram is trivial. Together with its circumscribing circle, this is known as a ''pentacle''.
{{adsense2}}
This symbol has a long and diverse heritage; the ancient Greeks and Babylonians, pagans in all ages, and early Christians all found use for it. Japanese anime commonly uses it to indicate magic; and it's used in the flags of Morocco and Ethiopia. Sir Gawain, a Knight of King Arthur's Round Table, bore a pentagram on his shield symbolizing the five senses, five fingers, five joys of Mary, five wounds of Christ, and the five virtues of knighthood. And Goethe's Faust imprisons the demon Mephistopheles in a pentagram.

We will find the pentagram most useful for illustrating the [[Construct a pentagon/golden|Golden Triangle]]; it's also a step on the way to various [[Construct a pentagon/stars|Stars]].

Construct a pentagon/finished

2006-06-23T09:54:50Z

Summary: new

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Problem: Inscribed Pentagon ==

[[Image:5star-04-finished.png|400px]]

''Given a circle, inscribe a regular pentagon.''

Beginning geometers quickly learn how to inscribe a number of polygons within a given circle. Construction of a ''hexagon'' (6 sides) is almost automatic; this leads directly to the (inscribed) ''equilateral triangle''. With the perpendicular bisector comes the ''square'', and so to the ''octagon'' (8 sides). A little concentration on these techniques allows one to construct as well the ''dodecagon'' (12 sides). Thus constructions are easily found for regular polygons with sides 3,4,6,8, and 12. Conspicuously missing are 5,7,9, 10, and 11.

However, it is impossible to construct a regular ''heptagon'' (7 sides), ''nonagon'' (9 sides), or ''hendecagon'' (11 sides). Draftsmen may use a variety of techniques to approximate these figures but we are interested here only in exact constructions using the ideal compass and straightedge. Thus the outstanding problems are the ''pentagon'' (5 sides) and the ''decagon'' (10 sides). A little thought shows that if we are able to construct either one, the other will come easily.

Relative to the other polygons, the construction of the pentagon is quite complex and non-intuitive. This must have appeared quite mysterious to the ancients and it is of no surprise that those able to perform the feat were considered magicians and sorcerers. Here we will dispense with superstition and introduce an elegant construction with a proof suitable for beginners.

Construct a pentagon

2006-06-23T09:09:31Z

Summary:

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

This tutorial explains '''How to construct a regular pentagon''': specifically, how to inscribe a regular pentagon within a given circle using only ''compass and straightedge''. A fairly rigorous ''proof'' is given, generally suitable for high school math students. No ''trigonometry'' is used; all equations are of second ''degree'' or less; and the proof depends only on the most elementary geometric ''theorems''.

For the sake of amusement, it is shown that, given the inscribed pentagon, we may also construct the pentagram (or pentacle) and two five-pointed stars.

== Prerequisites ==

Before attempting this construction and proof, you should have a working knowledge of:

* Elementary Algebra
* Euclid's Definitions, Axioms, and Postulates
* Pythagorean Theorem (I.47)

The proof rests in part on these propositions:

* Perpendicular Bisector (I.10, I.11)
* Angles of any Triangle Sum to π (I.32)
* Equal Angles Inscribed in a Circle subtend Equal Chords (III.21)

Elementary theorems about similar and isosceles triangles are also used. The ''Golden Ratio'' is discovered and defined before use.

== Notation ==

* Citations such as (I.1) refer to Euclid's ''Elements'': in this case, Book I, Proposition 1.
* Citations such as (P 01) refer to earlier steps in our proof.
* All angles are measured in ''radians''; thus a ''right angle'' is π/2.

== Contents ==

* '''Problems'''
** [[Construct a pentagon/finished|Inscribed Pentagon]]
** [[Construct a pentagon/pentagram|Inscribed Pentagram]]
** [[Construct a pentagon/stars|Stars]]
* '''Construction'''
** [[Construct a pentagon/construction|Inscribed Pentagon]]
** [[Construct a pentagon/more|Pentagrams and Stars]]
* '''Proof'''
** [[Construct a pentagon/proof|Inscribed Pentagon]]
* '''Miscellany'''
** [[Construct a pentagon/comments|Comments]]
** [[Construct a pentagon/golden|Golden Ratio]]



==Bibliography==
* (ISBN 0764101102
* (ISBN 0395977274
* (ISBN 0764553240

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B0007PF7JW
* (ASIN B00004UDSA
* (ASIN B00006IB97

== External Links ==
* [[wp:Golden ratio|Golden Ratio]] Wikipedia Article
* [[wp:Pentagon|Pentagon]] Wikipedia Article
* [http://www.contracosta.cc.ca.us/math/pentagrm.htm The Pentagram & The Golden Ratio]

[[Category:Geometry]]
[[Category:Drafting]]

Construct a pentagon/gallery

2006-06-23T03:36:58Z

Summary: /* Image Gallery */ add image 24; also enlarge each thumb to 220px

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}

== Image Gallery ==
<div style="width: 80%;">
[[Image:5star-01-solid.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-01-solid.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-02-star.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-02-star.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-03-pentagram.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-03-pentagram.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-04-finished.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-04-finished.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-05-given.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-05-given.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-06-step-00.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-06-step-00.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-07-step-01.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-07-step-01.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-08-step-02.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-08-step-02.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-09-step-03.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-09-step-03.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-10-step-04.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-10-step-04.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-11-step-05.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-11-step-05.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-12-step-06.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-12-step-06.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-13-complete.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-13-complete.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-14-proof-01.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-14-proof-01.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-15-proof-02.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-15-proof-02.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-16-proof-03.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-16-proof-03.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-17-proof-04.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-17-proof-04.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-18-decagon-plus.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-18-decagon-plus.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-19-golden-triangle.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-19-golden-triangle.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-20-proof-04a.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-20-proof-04a.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-21-proof-04b.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-21-proof-04b.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-22-proof-04c.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-22-proof-04c.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-23-golden-rectangle.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-23-golden-rectangle.png]]]]
[[Image:5star-24-euclid.png|thumb|left|220px|[[:Image:5star-24-euclid.png]]]]
</div>

Construct a pentagon/admin

2006-06-23T03:29:51Z

Summary: /* Math */ add eq 24

{{:Construct a pentagon/nav}}
== Subpages ==

* [[Construct a pentagon]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/admin]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/nav]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/gallery]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/]]

== Toolbox ==

* <code>{{:[[Construct a pentagon/nav]]}}</code>
* <code>{{:[[Construct a pentagon/eq]]|01}}</code>
* <code>{{[[Template:varphi|varphi]]}}</code>

== Math ==

If the math / LaTeX module is installed, these should display:

01 <math> \frac\mbox{NO + ND}\mbox{NO} = \frac\mbox{NO}\mbox{ND}</math>
02 <math> \frac{\frac{s}{t} + \frac{t}{t}}{\frac{s}{t}} = \frac{s}{t} </math>
03 <math> \frac{\varphi + 1}{\varphi} = \varphi </math>
04 <math> \frac{s+t}{s} = \frac{s}{t} </math>
05 <math> \varphi + 1 = \varphi^2 </math>
06 <math>\varphi^2 - \varphi - 1 = 0</math>
07 <math>{ax}^2 - {bx} - {c} = 0</math>
08 <math>x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt {b^2-4ac}}{2a} </math>
09 <math>x = \frac{-(-1) \pm \sqrt {(-1)^2-4(1)(-1)}}{2(1)} </math>
10 <math>\varphi = {1 \pm \sqrt{5} \over 2}</math>
11 <math>\varphi = {1 + \sqrt{5} \over 2}
12 <math> \frac{\varphi}{\varphi} + \frac{1}{\varphi} = \varphi </math>
13 <math> 1 + \frac{1}{\varphi} = \varphi </math>
14 <math> \frac{1}{\varphi} = \varphi - 1 </math>
15 <math> \mbox{DA}' = {g} = \frac{1}{\varphi} = \varphi - 1</math>
16 <math>\mbox{MA}' = \sqrt {\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + (1)^2} </math>
17 <math>\mbox{MA}' = \sqrt {\frac{1}{4} + 1} = \sqrt {\frac{5}{4}} = {\sqrt {5} \over \sqrt {4}}</math>
18 <math>\mbox{MA}' = {\sqrt {5} \over {2}}</math>
19 <math>\mbox{PA}' = {\sqrt {5} \over {2}} + \frac{1}{2} = {1 + \sqrt{5} \over 2}</math>
20 <math>\mbox{QA}' = {\sqrt {5} \over {2}} - \frac{1}{2}</math>
21 <math>\mbox{QA}' = {\sqrt {5} \over {2}} + \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2}</math>
22 <math>\mbox{QA}' = {1+\sqrt {5} \over {2}} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}</math>
23 <math>\mbox{QA}' = {1+\sqrt {5} \over {2}} - 1</math>
24 <math>\mbox{AB} = \sqrt {{5-\sqrt {5} \over {2}}}</math>

Construct a pentagon/nav

2006-06-23T03:27:06Z

Summary: fix link to comments

<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="Nav" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: none; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; float: right; width: auto; width: 20%;"><center>[[Image:5star-icon-anm.gif]]</center>

<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="Nav-2" style="background-color: #FFFFCC; border: 1px solid #663300; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; "><center>'''[[Construct a pentagon]]'''</center>

<center>'''[[Construct a pentagon|Start Here]]'''</center>
* [[Construct a pentagon/gallery|Image Gallery]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/equations|Equation List]]
----
'''Problems'''
* [[Construct a pentagon/finished|Inscribed Pentagon]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/pentagram|Inscribed Pentagram]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/stars|Stars]]
'''Construction'''
* [[Construct a pentagon/construction|Inscribed Pentagon]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/more|Pentagrams and Stars]]
'''Proof'''
* [[Construct a pentagon/proof|Inscribed Pentagon]]
'''Miscellany'''
* [[Construct a pentagon/comments|Comments]]
* [[Construct a pentagon/golden|Golden Ratio]]

----
[[Construct a pentagon/admin|Admin]] • [[Construct a pentagon/nav|Nav]] • [[Construct a pentagon/eq|Eq]]

</div>
</div>
[[Category:Construct a pentagon]]

Cut lettuce for salad - restaurant style

2006-06-16T17:11:16Z

Summary: Fixed ISBN and added ASIN

An important part of '''restaurant prep-cooking''' is preparing salad in a safe and timely manner, this tutorial explains '''How to cut lettuce for salad'''

== Tools Needed ==
[[image:chefsknife10inch.jpg]]
* A '''chef's knife''' no smaller than 10 inches
* A cutting board preferably [http://www.mapletex.com Mapletex]
* a prep sink or tub to put lettuce in

== Ingredients ==

The ingredients and the ratios of the ingredients you use in your salad is entirely up to you but a basic '''salad recipe''' is as follows:

* 12 heads '''iceburg'''
* 2 heads '''romaine'''
* 4 shredded '''carrots'''
* 1/2 head shredded '''red cabbage'''

== How to Cut the Iceburg Lettuce ==

# Remove the outer yucky leaves (yucky is a technical term) ;)
# Remove the Core by wacking it in the cutting board to loosen it then pulling it out
# Place the head in the center of the cutting board core side down
# Place your hand on top of the head and fillet the head in half
# Turn your body to the right and cut one inch strips at a 45 degree angle to the front edge of the cutting board
# Turn your body to the left and cut one inch strips at a 45 degree angle to the front edge of the cutting board

If this seems confusing don't worry I will soon put some images or diagrams here to explain the process better

This method once mastered has proved to me to be the fastest method requiring the last amount of steps and it produces consistant uniform 1" square pieces of lettuce.

== How to Cut the Romaine Lettuce ==

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0936184248
* (ISBN 074322440X

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B0006G9HNO
* (ASIN B0000Z6JJG

== See also ==
* How to [[Make a grilled cheese sandwich on a griddle]]
* How to [[Make pancakes on a griddle]]

[[category:cooking]]

Clean a griddle

2006-06-08T17:17:35Z

Summary: Add ASIN section and more ISBN

Various methods of '''How to Clean a Griddle'''

== Grill Brick Method ==
[[image:Grill_brick.jpg|thumb|right|A Grill Brick]]

A '''Grill Brick''' is a 8" x 4" x 3.5" block of foamed glass and stone product made by the 3M corporation.

=== Materials Needed ===

* a '''Grill Brick'''
* griddle oil (vegetable oil)
* paper towels
* large oven mitts or rubberized grill mitts
* a dough cutter (sometimes called a scraper)
* safety glasses
[[image:dough_knife.jpg|thumb|right|Dough Knife]]

=== Procedure ===
'''Be extremely careful''' hot oil burns instantaneously, always wear eye protection and mitts when cleaning a griddle.

# Using the dough cutter, scrape all debris from the griddle surface.
# Spread enough oil on the griddle to thoroughly wet it.
# Place the Grill Brick on the griddle and using firm pressure scrape the entire surface of the griddle, until it is clean.
# Use the dough knife to scrape the black oily residue into the grease trap of the griddle
# Wipe the surface of the griddle with clean paper towels to completely remove all residue from the griddle.
# Use clean paper towels to apply a thin film of oil the surface of the griddle to maintain it's seasoning and shine.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1887127178
* (ISBN 0471393487
* (ISBN 0754813789

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000BAT8D4
* (ASIN B00063898Q

== See Also ==
* [[Make pancakes on a griddle]]
* [[Make a grilled cheese sandwich on a griddle]]

== External Links ==
* [http://products3.3m.com/catalog/us/en001/food_beverage/food_service/node_GS10QC7KCNgs/root_GST1T4S9TCgv/vroot_GS56SL819Pge/bgel_GSWDCXW0HRbl/gvel_GSFMJGQ9KSgl/theme_us_foodservices_3_0/command_AbcPageHandler/output_html 3M] Grill Brick info

Spin a pen

2006-06-07T16:40:22Z

Summary: Added Asins

Everyone must have been sitting in class, and seen a peer spinning their pencil or pen around their thumb with infinite ease, and wanted to know how to do it. You may have even tried to do it your self but failed miserably. This manipulation is called pen spinning, can can be done with any pen like object, and is a fast growing craze. The name for this particular trick is called the Thumbaround Normal

== Firstly ==
# It takes a while to learn a trick (to get a basic trick to a good standard may take a week).
# Be patient, if you feel you are getting stressed, then just leave it for a while.
# Try and find a pen that is evenly balanced (center of gravity is in the middle) and is roughly the same thickness.

== Guide ==
[[Image:TA1.jpg|left|frame|Step 1]][[Image:TA2.jpg|left|frame|Step 2]][[Image:TA3.jpg|left|frame|Step 3]][[Image:TA4.jpg|left|frame|Step 4]]

=== Step 1 ===
Hold the pen as shown in the picture. Use only the thumb and middle finger to hold the pen, the index finger just touches the pen and is use for the push.

=== Step 2 ===
Use your index finger to push the pen in a circular motion around your thumb. Only a small force is needed, most people push too hard at the pen flies off. Try to maintain contact with the pen for longer, so it is a push, not a hit.

=== Step 3 ===
The pen should travel around your thumb, and when it is halfway around your thumb, the center of gravity should be directly above your thumb. Adjust the starting position if necessary (Step 1).

{{adsense2}}

=== Step 4 ===
Move your index finger away from your hand to allow the pen to finish its rotation, and it allows you to catch the pen between your thumb and index finger.

=== Where to go from here ===
After learning the Thumbaround Normal, try the Thumbaround Reverse, as you would have guessed it, it is the exact opposite of this trick. If you are confident, try letting the pen spin on the top of your hand before you catch it, commonly called a Thumbspin Normal. There are endless tricks available in Pen Spinning, just look around on a search engine or in the '''Pen Spinning Wiki'''.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0806993685
* (ISBN 0394722027

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000B5IQ3W
* (ASIN B0006VZE0O
* (ASIN B000BFWJTO

== See Also ==
[[OpenTutorial:Kids_department| OpenTutorial's Kids Department]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.psconclave.com/wiki/Main_Page Pen Spinning Wiki]
* [http://www.psconclave.com/wiki/Thumbaround_Normal PSConclave (Thumbaround Normal)]
* [http://www.psconclave.com/wiki/Thumbaround_Reverse PSConclave (Thumbaround Reverse)]
* [http://www.psconclave.com/wiki/Thumbspin_Normal PSConclave (Thumbspin Reverse)]

[[Category:Kids|Pen Spinning]]

__NOTOC__

Make pancakes on a griddle

2006-05-31T20:58:10Z

Summary:

'''How to make pancakes on a griddle'''

== Ingredients ==

* pancake batter
* griddle spatula
* a 3oz. or 4oz. ladel
* griddle oil or vegetable oil

{{adsense2}}
== The Process ==

* Heat the griddle to about 300 degrees.
* Place a very small amount of oil on the griddle and spread thinly with spatula.
* ladle one full ladel of pancake batter in the center of the griddle.

:When the pancake begins to uniformly form bubblles and the outside edge looks like it's drying up a little, gently sneak the spatula under one side of the cake about 1/3 of the way through. Pull the spatula back out and do the same to the oppisite side of the pancake. This ensures that the pancake is not stuck to the griddle.

* Gently flip the pancake over

To test if the pancake is done:
* gently tap the top of the pancake in with your fingertip. If the depression remains then the pancake is not done cooking. If the depression returns to nearly it's original position then the pancake is done.
* Use the spatula to remove the pancake from the griddle and enjoy.

== See also ==
* How to [[Make a grilled cheese sandwich on a griddle]]
* How to [[Make a reubin sandwich on a griddle]]
* How to [[Make an omelet on a griddle]]
* How to [[Clean a griddle]]

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 190314129X) Barbecuing & Grilling: Inside and Out : Sizzling different ideas for the grill, griddle and barbeque by Linda Tubby
* (ISBN 0754813789) Griddle, Sizzle and Sear by Jenni Fleetwood

[[category:cooking]]

Make a grilled cheese sandwich on a griddle

2006-05-31T20:37:04Z

Summary: Changed the ISBN - Implemented a new parser

'''How to make a grilled cheese sandwich on a griddle''' Grilled cheese sandwiches can be made very quickly and easily when made on a griddle.

== Ingredients ==

* bread of choice
* cheese of choice
* butter or margarine
* griddle spatula

{{adsense2}}

== The Process ==
# Heat one side of the griddle to about 300 degrees and the other side to around 120 degrees.
# Spread the butter or margarine on the outsides of the bread.
# lay the bread butter-side down on the griddle
# Place the cheese on top of both pieces of bread

When the cheese begins to melt use your spatula to lift the bread a little to peek at the buttered side. If it is golden brown then flip one piece on top of the other to form the sandwich.

If the cheese isn't completely melted then move the sandwich to the cooler side of the grill until the cheese is fully melted.

== See also ==
* How to [[Make pancakes on a griddle]]
* How to [[Make a reubin sandwich on a griddle]]
* How to [[Make an omelet on a griddle]]
* How to [[Clean a griddle]]

== Bibliography ==
* ISBN 190314129X
* ISBN 0754813789

Burn an audio cd using nero

2006-05-15T20:01:19Z

Summary: Fixed ISBN and added ASIN

'''How to burn an audio CD using Ahead Nero version 5.x'''

== Software Needed ==
* Ahead Software's Nero Burning ROM

== Flash Version of this Tutorial ==
The following is a Flash version of this tutorial created using Wink See [[OpenTutorial:Flash_rules|OpenTutorial Flash Rules]] for more info about using Flash on OpenTutorial

<flash>file=audio_nero.swf|width=1024|height=768</flash>
<br>
To open the flash tutorial by itself click [[media:audio_nero.swf|here]]

== Create an Audio CD Compilation ==
* Click File/New...
* In the "New Compilation" dialog window click "Audio CD"
* Accept the defaults and click the "New button"

== Find the Files You Want to Burn ==
* In the "File Browser" window explore your computer to find the audio files that you want to burn.
* If you cannot see the "File Browser" then click "View/New File Browser"
* Once you have found your audio files then drag them to the "Audio" window
* You may change the order of the files to be burned by clicking the file and dragging it to a new position in the list.

== Burn the CD ==
* Click the burning CD icon in the tool bar or click "File/Write CD..."
* Here you may change some of the burn settings, for this tutorial select the following:
** Check "Write"
** Check "Finalize CD (No further writing possible!)"
** Write Speed (What ever the fastest speed your CDRW is capable of)
* To begin the burning process click the "Write" button
* If there is no blank CD in your CDRW then Nero will ask you to insert one.
* Wait, Burning a CD takes time so go make a nice sandwich while Nero does it's magic.

{{adsense2}}

== Wrapping it all up ==
* When Nero is finished it will result in a box saying "Burn Process completed succeffully"
* Click "OK" to dismiss this dialog, then click "Discard" to discard the burning messages
* Close the Audio window. Nero will prompt you to save your changes, If you want to burn this CD later then save the changes otherwise Click "No"

That's it you have successfully burned an Audio CD using Nero Burning ROM

== See Also ==
* [[Burn a CD using windows media player]]
* [[Burn a CD]]
* [[Rip a karaoke cd]]

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0825619076
* (ISBN 0764559567
* (ISBN 1593270437

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000BCGFCO
* (ASIN B0007RB1KY
* (ASIN B00028CAGC

== External Links ==
* [http://www.nero.com www.nero.com] Nero Burning Rom
* [http://www.debugmode.com www.debugmode.com] Wink Tutorial Software

[[Category:Nero]]
[[Category:Removable media]]

Create neon sign text using photoshop cs

2006-05-10T17:02:20Z

Summary: Fixed ISBN and added ASIN

'''How to create neon light text using photoshop cs''' Make your own neon sign without having to bend glass!

[[image:NeonOpenTutorial.jpg|thumb|300px|right|OpenTutorial Neon Light Text]]
== Setting the stage ==

Click File/New...

In the "New" dialog window set the following:<br>
(See Fig 1.)

* width: 500 pixels
* height: 200 pixels
* Resolutoion: 72 pixels/inch
* Background contents: Transparent

Set the foreground color to black by pressing "D" select the paintbucket tool and click on the layer. The background should now be black.

[[image:NeonOpenTutorialfig1.jpg|thumb|300px|Fig 1]]

== Placing the Text ==
Click on the Type Tool (Horizontal type tool). Set the font to the following:
(see fig 2)
[[image:NeonOpenTutorialfig2.jpg]]
Fig 2.

* Font: Monotype Corsiva (or whatever you want)
* Size: 90pt
* Color: White

Type "OpenTutorial" in the layer. Use the hand tool to move the text to the center of the image.

Right Click the text layer and choose "Rasterize Layer
[[image:NeonOpenTutorialfig3.jpg|thumb|300px|Fig 3]]

== Photoshop Magic ==
With the text layer selected, Click Filter/Blur/Motion Blur...

In the "Motion Blur" dialog window set the following:

* Angle: 0
* Distance: 5

Apply the Following:
* Click ok to apply the blur.
* Click Layer/Merge Down
* Click Image/Adjustments/Invert.
* Click Filter/Stylize/Solarize
* Click Image/Adjustments/Auto Levels

{{adsense2}}

== Finishing touches ==
Click Image/Adjustments/"Hue/Saturation..."

In the Hue/Saturation dialog Window set the folloring:

* Colorize: Checked
* Hue: 270
* Saturation: 85

There you have it one Neon Sign ala OpenTutorial

== Finished Product ==
<center>
[[image:NeonOpenTutorial.jpg]]
</center>

== See Also ==
* [[Make 3d images]] Using a standard digital camera and image editing software.
* [[Create a brushed metal texture using Photoshop CS]] Create a Brushed metal effect

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0240519841
* (ISBN 1903450462

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B00081I76A
* (ASIN B000AP89JE
* (ASIN B00095M4Q4

[[category:photoshop]]

Season a cast iron skillet

2006-05-09T21:42:31Z

Summary: /* See also */

The physical properties of cast iron make it excellent for cookware. This tutorial will explain '''How to season a cast iron skillet'''

=== Materials needed ===
[[Image:fish_skillet.png|200px|right]]
* Dish soap
* Steel Wool
* Vegetable Oil
* Paper towels (high quality tough towels work the best)

=== Throughly clean the skillet ===
New cast Iron skillets come with a protective coating that must be completely removed before you season it. Steel wool soap and water do a great job of removing the coating.

If you are seasoning an old skillet it is still important to thououghly clean it, again steel wool, soap and water.

=== Coat the skillet ===
Use a paper towel to spread a generous coating of vegetable oil over the entire skillet.

=== Bake the skillet ===
* Preheat your oven to 350 F (180 C)
* Place the skillet on the center rack upside down in the oven, you may want to place a cookie sheet on the bottom rack to catch any oil drippings.
* Bake for 1 hour at 350 F (180 C)
* Using oven mits, carefully remove the skillet from the oven and rub with a clean paper towel to evenly re-distribute the oil.
* Bake the skillet for another hour at F (180 C)

{{adsense2}}

=== Storage ===
Store cast iron skillets in a cool, dry place with paper towels underneath and inside them.

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1570614253) "The Cast Iron Skillet Cookbook : Recipes for the Best Pan in Your Kitchen" by Sharon Kramis,
* (ISBN 0764537148) "Cast Iron Cooking for Dummies" by Tracy Barr
* (ISBN 0895380587) "Griswold Cast Iron Vol. #2" by L-W Books

== See also ==
* [[Clean a griddle]]
* [[Clean cast iron cookware]]

[[Category:Household]]

Post binaries to usenet

2006-05-04T19:40:16Z

Summary:

'''How to Post Binaries to Usenet''' using PowerPost-A&A

== Requirements ==

=== A News hosting service ===
In order to post to Usenet you must have access to a Usenet server through a news hosting service or through your ISP.
If your ISP provides access to the Usenet then you are in luck. Find out from your ISP how to connect to their Server, the information you will need are:
* News server address (usually news.YourISP.com)
* Username and Password needed to connect (if any)

If your ISP does not provide Usenet access there are a few other options
* Freeware News Servers [http://freenews.maxbaud.net/ freenews.maxbaud.net]
* Pay News Servers [http://www.newsservers.net www.newsservers.net]

=== Posting Software ===
There are many software options available for posting to Usenet. This tutorial will concentrate on using PowerPost-A&A

* [http://powerpost.cjb.net/ PowerPost-A&A]
** PowerPost-A&A is a freeware GPL Usnet Posting Program originally written by Chris Morse
{{adsense2}}

== Steps Involved ==

=== Configure PowerPost ===
[[image:pp-propertiestabs.png|thumb|right|Figures 1 and 2 - Setting the properties dialog boxes]]
* On the main menu click View/Program Settings...
* In the Properties Dialog box under then "News Server" tab (See fig 1 & 2)
** Type the News server address (usually news.YourISP.com) in the "NNTP News Server" box
** Set your port if your news server uses a port other than 119
** If your server requires a login then check the check box and enter your username and password into the text boxes provided
* In the Properties Dialog box under "Headers" tab
** Enter your nickname and email adresses on in this dialog box NOTE: do NOT enter anything that you don't want anyone to see. If you don't want everyone to have your email address then do not enter it here.

=== Add Files to Queue ===
[[image:pp-addfiles.png|thumb|left|Figure 3 - Add Files to the queue]]
* On the main menu click File/Add Files to Queue... (see Figure 3)
* Browse for the File(s) you would like to post
* In the "Add File" Dialog under the "Subject" tab
** Type the name of the Subject header in the text box pay close attention to the variables and the Example section. This is what people will see when they view your post in thier news readers.
* In the "Add File" Dialog under the "Newsgroups" tab
** Check the box of the newsgroup(s) you would like to post to. You may click the "Add Group..." button and type a name of a newsgroup not yet listed.
[[image:pp-addfiledialogtabs.png|thumb|center|Figure 4]]
* In the "Checksums" Dialog under the "Newsgroups" tab
** Check the appropriate checksum boxes. I suggest par2 and nzb

== Begin Posting ==

* If you selected to generate par2 recovery files then you must encode them first. In the Main menu click File/Generate .par2 files...
* To begin posting In the main menu click File/Start Posting!

A posting progress window will pop up to show you a bunch of info about your posting.

[[image:pp-postingprogress.png|thumb|center|Posting Progress]]

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 1567615929) "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Usenet Newsgroups" by Paul McFedries
* (ISBN 1559587458) "The Usenet Navigator Kit: Everything You Need to Travel Usenet Quickly and Efficiently/Book and Disk" by Steve Davis

== Glossary ==
* '''freeware''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeware]
* '''GPL''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License]
* '''ISP''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider]
* '''newsgroup''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup]
* '''server''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_server]
* '''Usnet''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet]

[[category:Usnet]]
[[Category:software]]

Build a pizza box solar oven

2006-05-02T18:27:53Z

Summary: Add ASIN section and more ISBN

'''How to Build a Pizza Box Solar Oven'''

The sun is hot enough to bake food. Here's how to make a simple solar oven that gets hot enough to warm up cookies and other treats, like s'mores. It won't get really hot, though, so you can't bake things in it and you won't burn yourself when playing with it. Be sure to have an adult help you with this!

== To make your own solar oven you need ==

* One pizza box from a local pizza delivery store. Here's a good excuse to ask your parents to order pizza tonight!
* Newspapers
* Tape
* Scissors
* Black construction paper
* Clear plastic wrap
* Aluminum foil
* A piece of notebook paper
* A pencil or pen
* A ruler or a wooden dowel or a stick

== Now you are ready to build ==

# Make sure the cardboard is folded into its box shape and closed.
# Place the piece of notebook paper in the center of the lid of the box and trace its outline on the lid. Put the piece of paper aside.
# Carefully cut the two long edges and one of the short edges of the rectangle that you just traced on the lid of the box, forming a flap of cardboard.
# Gently fold the flap back along the uncut edge to form a crease.
# Wrap the underside (inside) face of this flap with aluminum foil. Tape it on the other side so that the foil is held firmly. Try to keep the tape from showing on the foil side of the flap. The foil will help to reflect the sunlight into the box.
# Open the box and place a piece of black construction paper in so it fits the bottom of the box. This will help to absorb the sun's heat.
# Close the box, roll up some newspaper, and fit it around the inside edges of the box. This is the insulation that helps hold in the sun's heat. It should be about 1 to 1 1/2 inches thick. Use tape to hold the newspaper in place, but only tape it to the bottom of the box, not the lid.
# Cut two pieces of plastic wrap an inch larger than the flap opening on the box top. Open the box again and tape one piece of plastic wrap to the underside of the flap opening. After taping one side, BE SURE TO PULL THE PLASTIC WRAP TIGHT, and tape down all four sides so the plastic is sealed against the cardboard. Then close the box and tape the other piece of plastic wrap to the top of the flap opening. Again, be sure the plastic wrap is tight and tape down all four edges to form a seal. This creates a layer of air as insulation that helps keep the sun's heat in the box.

{{adsense2}}

== Finished building. Let's give it a try! ==

On a sunny day, pick a treat to warm up and carry it and the box outside to a sunny spot. If it's cold outside, put a towel or blanket under the box so the bottom doesn't get cold. Open the box, put the treat in the center, and close the box. Now open the flap and turn the box so the foil is facing the sun. The shadow of the flap should go straight back from the back of the box. Move the flap up and down and note how it reflects the sunlight. Use a dowel, ruler, or stick to prop up the flap so that it bounces the sunlight into the box.

Wait about a half hour for the box to warm up in the sun. Then enjoy your warmed-up treat!

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 0962906921
* (ISBN 1570670072
* (ISBN 0962906972

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000EQFJPG
* (ASIN B00076IQ6W

== See Also ==
* How to [[Make a worm farm]]
* How to [[Make recycled paper]]
* How to [[Obtain water in the wilderness]]

[[Category:kids]]

Calculate miles per gallon

2006-04-29T06:18:09Z

Summary: Add ASIN section and more ISBN and flash calculator

'''How to Calculate miles per gallon''' describes the process for tracking your miles per gallon in any automobile. Complete with an online miles per gallon calculator.

== Soaring Gas Prices ==
[[Image:Gas_Nozzle_1.png]]
With gas prices forever on the rise it may be a good idea to track how many miles per gallon your car or truck may be getting.

== Steps ==
{{adsense2}}
* Fill your fuel tank completely full and set your trip meter or record your odometer
* Drive untill your tank is near empty
* Fill your tank completely full again, record the amount of fuel you pumped, call this number "gallons"
** Note: For this method to work you must fill fuel your tank completely each time.
* If you are using odometer readings then subtract your current odometer reading from the reading you took earlier, or use the number on your trip meter, call this number "miles"
* perform the following calculation:

<center>'''MPG = miles / gallons'''</center>

Where MPG is miles per gallon, miles is the miles traveled, and gallons are the gallons used.

== Flash Miles per Gallon Calculator ==

<flash>file=mpg.swf|width=450|height=200</flash>

== Bibliography ==
* (ISBN 141379954X
* (ISBN 0740760025
* (ISBN 0741430592

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000FP4SFS
* (ASIN B000CR3XSW
* (ASIN B000BU0BVC

== See also ==

* How to [[Improve gas mileage]]

[[Category:Auto maintenance]]

Improve gas mileage

2006-04-28T23:14:54Z

Summary: Add ASIN section and re formatted for easier reading

''' How to Improve Your Gas Mileage''' tips on more efficient driving, automobile maintenance and more.

== Driving More Efficiently ==

=== Drive Sensibly ===

[[image:igmdriver.gif|right]]Aggressive driving (speeding, rapid acceleration and braking) wastes gas. It can lower your gas mileage by 33 percent at highway speeds and by 5 percent around town. Sensible driving is also safer for you and others, so you may save more than gas money.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::5-33%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::$0.15-$0.96/gallon

=== Observe the Speed Limit ===

[[image:igmspeedVsMpg3.gif|right]] While each vehicle reaches its optimal fuel economy at a different speed (or range of speeds), gas mileage usually decreases rapidly at speeds above 60 mph.

As a rule of thumb, you can assume that each 5 mph you drive over 60 mph is like paying an additional $0.20 per gallon for gas.

Observing the speed limit is also safer.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::7-23%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::$0.20-$0.67/gallon

=== Remove Excess Weight ===

Avoid keeping unnecessary items in your vehicle, especially heavy ones. An extra 100 pounds in your vehicle could reduce your MPG by up to 2%. The reduction is based on the percentage of extra weight relative to the vehicle's weight and affects smaller vehicles more than larger ones.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::1-2%/100 lbs
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::$0.03-$0.06/gallon

=== Avoid Excessive Idling ===

Idling gets 0 miles per gallon. Cars with larger engines typically waste more gas at idle than do cars with smaller engines.

=== Use Cruise Control ===

Using cruise control on the highway helps you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, will save gas.

=== Use Overdrive Gears ===

When you use overdrive gearing, your car's engine speed goes down. This saves gas and reduces engine wear.

Note: Cost savings are based on an assumed fuel price of $2.91/gallon.

{{adsense2}}

== Keep Your Car in Shape ==
Automobile maintenance is key to maintaing optimum gas mileage.

=== Keep Your Engine Properly Tuned ===

[[image:igmtuneup2.gif|right]]Fixing a car that is noticeably out of tune or has failed an emissions test can improve its gas mileage by an average of 4 percent, though results vary based on the kind of repair and how well it is done.

Fixing a serious maintenance problem, such as a faulty oxygen sensor, can improve your mileage by as much as 40 percent.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::4%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::$0.12/gallon

=== Check & Replace Air Filters Regularly ===

Replacing a clogged air filter can improve your car's gas mileage by as much as 10 percent. Your car's air filter keeps impurities from damaging the inside of your engine. Not only will replacing a dirty air filter save gas, it will protect your engine.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::up to 10%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::up to $0.29/gallon

=== Keep Tires Properly Inflated ===

[[image:igmtireLabelSmall.gif|right]] You can improve your gas mileage by around 3.3 percent by keeping your tires inflated to the proper pressure. Under-inflated tires can lower gas mileage by 0.4 percent for every 1 psi drop in pressure of all four tires. Properly inflated tires are safer and last longer.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::up to 3%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings
::up to $0.09/gallon

=== Use the Recommended Grade of Motor Oil ===

[[image:igmapi2.gif|right]]You can improve your gas mileage by 1-2 percent by using the manufacturer's recommended grade of motor oil. For example, using 10W-30 motor oil in an engine designed to use 5W-30 can lower your gas mileage by 1-2 percent. Using 5W-30 in an engine designed for 5W-20 can lower your gas mileage by 1-1.5 percent. Also, look for motor oil that says "Energy Conserving" on the API performance symbol to be sure it contains friction-reducing additives.

:Fuel Economy Benefit
::1-2%
:Equivalent Gasoline Savings:
::$0.03-$0.06/gallon

== Planning and Combining Trips ==

Combining errands into one trip saves you time and money. Several short trips taken from a cold start can use twice as much fuel as a longer multipurpose trip covering the same distance when the engine is warm. Trip planning ensures that traveling is done when the engine is warmed-up and efficient.

With a little planning, you can avoid retracing your route and reduce the distance you travel as well. You'll not only save fuel, but also reduce wear and tear on your car.

=== Commuting ===

If you can stagger your work hours to avoid peak rush hours, you'll spend less time sitting in traffic and consume less fuel.

If you own more than one vehicle, drive the one that gets the best gas mileage whenever possible.

Consider telecommuting (working from home) if your employer permits it.

[[image:igmrideshare.gif|right]]If possible, take advantage of carpools and ride-share programs. You can cut your weekly fuel costs in half and save wear on your car if you take turns driving with other commuters. Many urban areas allow vehicles with multiple passengers to use special High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes.

Consider using public transit if it is available and convenient for you. The [http://www.apta.com/ American Public Transit Transportation Association] has links to information about public transportation in your state.

=== Traveling ===

[[image:igmroofrack2.gif|left]]A roof rack or carrier provides additional cargo space and may allow you to meet your needs with a smaller car. However, a loaded roof rack can decrease your fuel economy by 5 percent. Reduce aerodynamic drag and improve your fuel economy by placing items inside the trunk whenever possible.

Avoid carrying unneeded items, especially heavy ones. An extra 100 lbs in the trunk reduces a typical car's fuel economy by 1-2 percent.

== Data Sources ==

Estimates for fuel savings from sensible driving are based on studies and literature reviews performed by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Washington, DC.

Estimates for the effect of speed on MPG are based on a study by West, B.H., R.N. McGill, J.W. Hodgson, S.S. Sluder, and D.E. Smith, Development and Verification of Light-Duty Modal Emissions and Fuel Consumption Values for Traffic Models, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March 1999.

Estimates for fuel savings from vehicle maintenance, keeping tires properly inflated, and using the recommended grade of motor oil are based on studies and literature reviews performed by Energy and
Environmental Analysis, Inc., Washington, DC.

== Bibliography ==

* (ISBN 0740760025
* (ISBN 0741430592
* (ISBN 1422000419

== Amazon's Related Products ==
* (ASIN B000FP4SFS
* (ASIN B000FP4SFS
* (ASIN B000LPO67W

== See Also ==

* How to [[Calculate miles per gallon]]

== External Links ==
[http://www.wikihow.com/Save-Gas "Save Gas" Wikihow Article]

[[Category:Auto maintenance]]

Hack madiawiki isbn for affiliates

2006-04-28T19:37:47Z

Summary: /* MediaWiki version 1.6.3 */

'''How to change the ISBN feature to reflect your affiliation with Amazon and Barnes and Noble'''

== !!Caution!! ==

This is a hack to modify your MediaWiki - Do so at your own risk.

== MediaWiki version 1.6.3 ==
This is for MediaWiki version 1.6.3 I'm sure other versions would be similar.

{{adsense2}}

== Code ==
Starting at Line Number 166
In the File "/languages/language.php"

I changed it from:

<pre><nowiki>
/* private */ $wgBookstoreListEn = array(
'AddALL' => 'http://www.addall.com/New/Partner.cgi?query=$1&type=ISBN',
'PriceSCAN' => 'http://www.pricescan.com/books/bookDetail.asp?isbn=$1',
'Barnes & Noble' => 'http://search.barnesandnoble.com/bookSearch/isbnInquiry.asp?isbn=$1',
'Amazon.com' => 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=$1'
);
</nowiki></pre>
To:

<pre><nowiki>
/* private */ $wgBookstoreListEn = array(
// 'AddALL' => 'http://www.addall.com/New/Partner.cgi?query=$1&type=ISBN',
// 'PriceSCAN' => 'http://www.pricescan.com/books/bookDetail.asp?isbn=$1',
'Barnes & Noble' => 'http://service.bfast.com/bfast/click?bfmid=2181&sourceid=41614264&bfpid=$1&bfmtype=book',
'Amazon.com' => 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?link_code=ur2&tag=tsickist-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&path=ISBN=$1'
);
</nowiki></pre>

I commented out AddALL and PriceSCAN because I don't have an affiliation with them. This is purely optional.

Note be sure to replace:

sourceid="41614264" with your Barnes and Noble number
tag=tsickist-20 with your Amazon Code

Or you can leave mine and help me make $ :)

== Bibliography ==
(ISBN 020171499X) "The Wiki Way: Collaboration and Sharing on the Web" by Bo Leuf, Ward Cunningham

[[Category:Mediawiki]]
[[Category:php]]

Set an internet bookmark

2006-04-27T21:53:37Z

Summary: /* Internet Explorer Favorites */

'''How to Set an Internet Bookmark''' or favorites.

== Internet Explorer Favorites ==

In internet Explorer they are called favorites.

To set a favorite press ctrl-d and a favorite will be automatically set.

or

* On the main menu click Favorites/Add to Favorites...
* Organize the favorite as you see fit and press "Ok"

{{adsense2}}

== Firefox Bookmarks ==

To set a bookmark press ctrl-d and a window entitled "Add a Bookmark" will appear, click "Ok"

or

* On the main menu click Bookmarks/Bookmark This Page...
* Organize the Bookmarm as you see fit and press "Ok"

=== Live Bookmarks ===

Firefox has a built in rss reader called a live bookmark.

To set a live bookmark:[[image:FirefoxSetLiveBookmark.gif|thumb|right|fig. 1 Firefox - Properties for New Live Bookmark window]]

* On the main menu click Bookmarks/Manage Bookmarks... A window entitled "Bookmarks Manager" will appear.
* On the main menu click File/New Live Bookmark... A window entitled "Properties for New Live Bookmark" will appear.
* In the Name: textbox type the name you would like to call your bookmark
* In the Feed Location: text box enter the url for the RSS feed example: "http://www.opentutorial.com/index.php?title=Special:Newpages&feed=rss"
* In the Description: text box enter a suitable description for the feed then click OK (See fig 1.)

[[category:browsers]]