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How Fire Sprinkler Systems Work

2015-05-26T19:08:00.001-07:00

You’ve probably seen a number of movies where a small amount of smoke triggers all of the sprinklers in a building, soaking everyone and everything inside. But did you know that sprinklers aren’t even triggered by smoke, and they don’t all go off at once? Fire sprinkler systems are actually heat activated, one sprinkler head at a time, and most fires usually require only one or two sprinklers to be extinguished. These are just two of the many misconceptions about fire sprinkler systems. In this article, we’ll dispel other myths and learn the ins and outs of this important safety technology.

You might think installing a fire sprinkler system is like choosing water damage over fire damage. This belief is a spinoff from the myths we just mentioned — that sprinklers are activated by smoke and every sprinkler head goes off at the same time. If that were the case, sprinkler systems could potentially cause more harm than good. After all, if you burned a piece of toast, every sprinkler would go off, soaking all of your belongings, even though there never was any real danger of fire. Fortunately, the clever engineers who developed these systems designed them to reduce the damage to your property from water, smoke and fire.

Fire sprinkler systems have been around for more than two centuries and have seen significant improvements over the years. It’s true that early versions weren’t very reliable and caused significant water damage. But today, sprinkler systems are credited with reducing deaths and loss of property by more than 65 percent [source: Fleming]. Since each sprinkler head is automatically triggered by fire-specific temperature, just one or two sprinklers can quickly extinguish and/or contain a fire to the room where it started and cause little property damage. And because sprinklers use about six times less water than a fire hose, they’re actually less harmful to your property than a visit from the fire department.

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Bigger Settlement Said to Be Reached in Silicon Valley Antitrust Case

2015-01-14T19:30:00.005-08:00

AN FRANCISCO — One of Silicon Valley’s most embarrassing episodes might be finally drawing to a close.

Court papers to be filed as early as Thursday will most likely put an end to a legal battle that has consumed the tech world since the Justice Department revealed in 2010 that several leading companies had conspired against their own employees.

The companies were accused of making secret deals not to hire each other’s engineers, which kept the new products flowing but put a brake on the workers’ mobility and incomes. The government investigation prompted private lawsuits, which were rolled up into one big class action that was scheduled to go to trial this spring.

To head off a trial and the exposure of reams of incriminating emails, Google,Apple, Intel and Adobe — the four remaining defendants — are offering to pay $415 million, according to a person with knowledge of the negotiations. That sum is acceptable to the plaintiffs’ lawyers. If a judge approves, the case will end.

Michael Devine, a plaintiff, said the first settlement was not enough to deter the companies.Stuart Isett for The New York Times

The settlement money is pocket change to the companies, which include some of the world’s wealthiest. If they let the case go to trial, however, it might corrode their image as forward-thinking, worker-friendly benevolent empires. Steve Jobs of Apple was portrayed in court papers as the mastermind of the deals, but executives from Intel and Google also came off poorly.

This is the second effort at a settlement. Last spring, the two sides agreed on $324.5 million. After legal fees, that would have amounted to a few thousand dollars for each of the 64,000 class members.

Michael Devine, a former Adobe engineer who was one of the five named plaintiffs in the case, disagreed with his lawyers and protested the first agreement. It was not enough money, Mr. Devine said then, given the wealth of the companies and the scale of their collusion.

In an unusual move for a judge in a class-action case, Lucy H. Koh of United States District Court in San Jose agreed. In August, she said the initial settlement was not “within the range of reasonableness” and rejected it.

Judge Koh appeared annoyed that the lawyers for the class were taking the easy way out by settling rather than going to trial.

The new settlement, Mr. Devine said, is at least in the right ballpark. “A reasonable person could go either way on whether it is adequate,” he said.

The lawyers’ share of the settlement is as much as 25 percent. If the case went to trial, the plaintiffs might lose, in which case the lawyers would get nothing for years of work. On the other hand, a jury could award the plaintiffs billions. At one point, lawyers for the plaintiffs said the damages were $3 billion, which would be tripled after a guilty verdict.

Joseph R. Saveri of Joseph Saveri Law Firm and Dean Harvey of Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, lawyers for the plaintiffs, did not respond to requests for comment. Google, Apple, Intel and Adobe either declined to comment or did not respond.

The Justice Department’s initial investigation resulted in antitrust complaints against Google, Apple, Intel, Intuit, Adobe, Pixar and Lucasfilm. The companies settled without admitting guilt or paying any fines. EBay settled a related case last year.

Pixar, Lucasfilm and Intuit settled the suit in 2013 before it was approved as a class action, when its legal prospects were much shakier. The companies paid a combined total of $20 million. One longtime employee of Intuit said in an interview that he had received $1,000 — not enough to pay for the vacation in the Caribbean that he had been hoping for.

Orly Lobel, a professor of employment law at the University of San Diego who has been following the case closely, predicted that Judge Koh would approve the new settlement.

“It still is low, given the egregious violations over a sustained period of time and embarrassing emails from the very top of these companies knowingly colluding to impede their employees’ job mobility,” Ms. Lobel said. “But it’s a good result in that there has been much media attention to the illegality of such retention practices, real monetary consequences and promises to cease all such practices in the future.”

Mr. Devine, who now works on a mobile start-up, said that “no amount of money would be punitive to these defendants.” Still, he agreed that after coming up with the settlement and enduring the publicity about the case, “they or any other firms would likely think twice” before doing something like this again.

The market for engineers is at least as tight in 2015 as it was in 2005. But there is another reason that such collusion is now unlikely: Silicon Valley itself is disrupting the power of its executives.

Tom Leung was a Google engineer when the no-poaching agreements were in force. Last year he created a start-up, Poachable, where employees secretly list what it would take to make them jump. Companies that are hiring use Poachable as a source of talent. About 25,000 tech workers are on the site.

“Services like ours increase the liquidity and transparency of the employment market,” Mr. Leung said. “Power is going back to the talent, and a secret handshake between a few leaders is not going to stop it.”

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Bigger Settlement Said to Be Reached in Silicon Valley Antitrust Case

2015-01-14T19:30:00.003-08:00

AN FRANCISCO — One of Silicon Valley’s most embarrassing episodes might be finally drawing to a close.

Michael Devine, a plaintiff, said the first settlement was not enough to deter the companies.Stuart Isett for The New York Times

Judge Koh appeared annoyed that the lawyers for the class were taking the easy way out by settling rather than going to trial.

The new settlement, Mr. Devine said, is at least in the right ballpark. “A reasonable person could go either way on whether it is adequate,” he said.

Orly Lobel, a professor of employment law at the University of San Diego who has been following the case closely, predicted that Judge Koh would approve the new settlement.

Hallo, hola, olá to the new, more powerful Google Translate app

2015-01-14T19:30:00.001-08:00

Often the hardest part of traveling is navigating the local language. If you've ever asked for "pain" in Paris and gotten funny looks, confused "embarazada" with "embarrassed" in Mexico, or stumbled over pronunciation pretty much anywhere, you know the feeling. Now Google Translate can be your guide in new ways. We’ve updated the Translate app on Android and iOS to transform your mobile device into an even more powerful translation tool.

Instant translation with Word Lens
The Translate app already lets you use camera mode to snap a photo of text and get a translation for it in 36 languages. Now, we’re taking it to the next level and letting you instantly translate text using your camera—so it’s way easier to navigate street signs in the Italian countryside or decide what to order off a Barcelona menu. While using the Translate app, just point your camera at a sign or text and you’ll see the translated text overlaid on your screen—even if you don't have an Internet or data connection.

This instant translation currently works for translation from English to and from French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish, and we’re working to expand to more languages.

Have an easier conversation using the Translate app
When talking with someone in an unfamiliar language, conversations can... get... realllllllly... sloowwww. While we’ve had real-time conversation mode on Android since 2013, our new update makes the conversation flow faster and more naturally.

Starting today, simply tap the mic to start speaking in a selected language, then tap the mic again, and the Google Translate app will automatically recognize which of the two languages are being spoken, letting you have a more fluid conversation. For the rest of the conversation, you won’t need to tap the mic again—it'll be ready as you need it. Asking for directions to the Rive Gauche, ordering bacalhau in Lisbon, or chatting with your grandmother in her native Spanish just got a lot faster.

These updates will be coming to both Android and iOS, rolling out over the next few days. This is the first time some of these advanced features, like camera translations and conversation mode, will be available for iOS users.

More than 500 million people use Google Translate every month, making more than 1 billion translations a day to more easily communicate and access information across languages. Today’s updates take us one step closer to turning your phone into a universal translator and to a world where language is no longer a barrier to discovering information or connecting with each other.
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Google's modular Project Ara smartphone will begin pilot testing in Puerto Rico later this year

2015-01-14T19:29:00.000-08:00

Google is holding its second Project Ara developer's conference today in Mountain View and is in the process of giving a roadmap on how and when it might get its modular smartphones out into the market. Probably the most notable bit of news we've learned so far is that Google plans to have a market pilot ready to go in the second half of this year. Unfortunately, if you want to give it a shot, you'll need to live in Puerto Rico — the pilot will roll out in that territory in partnership with carriers OpenMobile and Claro.

When Project Ara hits Puerto Rico, users should be able to customize their devices using the Ara Marketplace and Ara Configurator apps. Google's ATAP group will also roll out some "food-truck" style stores for consumers to actually check these devices out before they try them out. Google also says that it'll have some 20 to 30 Ara modules available by launch across 10 different categories.

GO GET YOUR PROJECT ARA PHONE FROM A FOOD TRUCK

Project Ara head Paul Eremenko discussed the reasons for moving to a market pilot — the company wants to learn what its doing well, what it is doing poorly, and what's missing so that they can iterate on the hardware to meet consumer need. Particularly, they want to know consumers respond to the paradox of choice that can come with a system as complex as Project Ara. "We have to carefully curate and manage the way that choice is presented so as not to overwhelm the consumer," Eremenko said.

Of course, to launch a working pilot program, Google will need to produce Ara hardware that fully works, and Project Ara head Paul Eremenko is currently giving a roadmap of where things are going next. Right now, the company is pushing towards having a model that is more robust, can make 3G network phone calls, and is able to hotswap different modules in and out of the phone. These would be improvements on the current "Spiral 2" design and are pretty important pieces of having a working phone. Google is working on these improvements to Spiral 2 currently and hopes to be moving to the "Spiral 3" design by the second quarter of this year.

As Google works on Spiral 3, it'll be looking to bring the phone up to par with much of what is out on the market today — features like 4G LTE signals, a "day-long" battery (that might only come from swapping a battery module out during the course of that day), a camera competitive with others on the market, and the full 20 to 30 different hardware modules that Google sees as important to having the flexibility it shoots for. Google also discussed the possibility of using its platform as a place for makers of cutting edge, experimental battery tech to bring their modules to Ara. Once it completes this Spiral 3 hardware cycle, the phones should be ready for the market pilot.

As for actually managing these modules, Google will include an Ara Manager app that lets you manage the modules — for example, if you were crazy enough to load two cameras onto your phone, the Ara Manager will help you determine what to use at any given time. It'll also focus as a troubleshooting app of sorts, if your custom-rolled phone starts misbehaving. Hopefully, the app will be able to guide you to the problem module.

We should see and learn much more about the status of Project Ara (including hopefully some working prototypes) throughout the day — we'll be updating this post and adding new stories as more news from Google's Project Ara conference as the event continues.

Snapchat Is Asking Brands for $750,000 to Advertise and Won't Budge

2015-01-14T19:26:00.002-08:00

chat is asking brands for $750,000 a day for its new ads, according to multiple industry sources who have heard the pitch, and some say that's too expensive for the young app.

The messaging app with a heavy video focus has promoted itself to the ad world as a TV-style commercial space with millions of viewers a day. Snapchat only started running ads late last year, with its first coming from Universal Pictures for the film Ouija.

Since that launch, McDonald's, Samsung, Macy's and Electronic Arts have been early Snapchat sponsors, paying for "Snaps"—quick videos and photos—that show up in users' Recent Updates feed. There also are ad placements in the Our Stories live feed, which compiles users' videos and photos of major events like Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Snapchat, a platform that reaches a coveted teenage audience, has started asking brands for $750,000-a-day commitments, sources have told Adweek on the condition they and their employers not be named.

"They [Snapchat] have minimums, and they are very firm on them," said one agency executive who has talked with Snapchat about advertising. "From a monetization perspective, they are looking for fewer, bigger, better."

Asked for comment for this story, Snapchat said it does not comment on its ad prices.

The app has been soliciting only the top brands—"category leaders"—to buy placement, and it's disclosing audience numbers to attract the dollars it wants. Its stories can draw tens of millions of viewers a day, according to advertisers who said they heard the stats from Snapchat's team. The app has topped 100 million monthly users.

"We have clients for whom Snapchat works really well," the agency exec said. "It's good for a product launch or a rebranding like McDonald's has done."

McDonald's recently pushed its "Love Is Endless" animated commercial to Snapchat. And Universal appeared to find success as the first ad partner, so much so that it also served a second ad for Dumb and Dumber To.

However, there are drawbacks to Snapchat ads, including the platform's lack of sophistication, sources said. Snapchat has limited reporting capabilities, for one; it can't even tell brands how many men versus women saw an ad, and there are no age breakouts, the executive said.

Also, brands are wary of paying top asking prices when their ads disappear, sources said. (Users can view a Snapchat post briefly, then it vanishes in a snap.) "It's very hard for marketers to get their hands around advertising that is so ephemeral," the source said.

Snapchat has been trying to address data and reporting, and to be fair it is still very early in its ad business rollout. Last week, the service released its first study done with the help of MillwardBrown that showed users enjoyed the app's first round of ads and that the ads helped boost brand awareness.

A Universal executive was quoted in the report as saying Snapchat was a key part of the marketing strategy for those movies.

Snapchat has said it offers brands the opportunity to reach teenagers. And while the ads are fleeting, users do have to press their screens to view them, which shows clear engagement.

However, the youth appeal has its drawbacks, as well, limiting the interest of alcohol brands, for instance, along with advertisers who want to reach people with higher incomes, some in the industry said.

Now, with the jump in ad prices, it's a harder sell, another source said.

"I'm a big fan of Snapchat, but they are going to market with rates that are significantly higher than what's competitive out there," a top executive at a major brand said. "It is difficult to go forward with a deal with Snapchat at the prices they are quoting."

Snapchat is asking for rates that are higher than a masthead on YouTube, where a day costs about $500,000, another source said.

Some people compared Snapchat's strategy to Apple's iAd rollout five years ago, when it sought only top brands willing to make $1 million commitments. Apple has since backed off that premium structure, and iAd's model is unrecognizable from the one Steve Jobs launched.

"I don't think Snapchat can get what it's asking," this digital agency exec said. "They're going to have to negotiate down."

Google partners with auto suppliers on self-driving car

2015-01-14T19:25:00.001-08:00

(Reuters) - Internet search company Google Inc has begun discussions with most of the world's top automakers and has assembled a team of traditional and nontraditional suppliers to speed efforts to bring self-driving cars to market by 2020, a Google executive said on Wednesday.

"We'd be remiss not to talk to ... the biggest auto manufacturers. They've got a lot to offer," Chris Urmson, director of Google's self-driving car project, said in an interview.

Those manufacturers, he said, include General Motors Co, Ford Motor Co, Toyota Motor Corp, Daimler AG and Volkswagen AG.

"For us to jump in and say that we can do this better, that's arrogant," Urmson said. Google has not determined whether it will build its own self-driving vehicles or function more as a provider of systems and software to established vehicle manufacturers.

Google's self-driving prototype cars, he said, were built in Detroit by engineering and specialty manufacturing company Roush.

GM is open to working with Google on self-driving cars, Jon Lauckner, GM's chief technology officer, said on Monday.

Urmson's expectation that the first fully autonomous vehicles will be production-ready within five years mirrors the view expressed a day earlier by another Silicon Valley entrepreneur, Elon Musk, chief executive of Tesla Motors Inc.

Musk, who spoke Tuesday at the Automotive News World Congress conference, said he expects the lack of clear federal regulations covering self-driving cars could delay their introduction until 2022 or 2023.

Urmson, however, said his Google colleagues "don't see any particular regulatory hurdles."

Google has been briefing the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the chief U.S. auto regulator, "from early on in our program," Urmson said. "The worst thing we could do is surprise them."

Urmson said Google is developing and refining self-driving systems and components with such auto parts suppliers as Continental AG, Robert Bosch, ZF and LG Electronics. Google's prototype cars use microprocessors made by Nvidia Corp , a Silicon Valley chipmaker that also supplies Mercedes-Benz and other automakers.

Continental said it began discussions in 2012 about supplying parts for Google's self-driving car. Google asked the German supplier to provide tires, some electronics and other components, according to Samir Salman, chief executive of Continental's NAFTA region.

Google shortly will begin deploying a test fleet of fully functioning prototypes of its pod-like self-driving car, which dispenses with such familiar automotive parts as steering wheel, brakes and accelerator pedal. While each of the Google prototypes will have a "test driver" on board, the cars have no provision for human intervention in steering or braking.

Urmson suggested the no-frills look of the Google prototypes, a far cry from the opulent appearance of the self-driving F015 concept vehicle unveiled last week by Mercedes, does not necessarily reflect the final design for production.

He described the Google prototype as "a practical, near-term testing platform" that will evolve over time.

"Airliners today don't look like the Wright brothers' flyer" of 100 years ago, he said.

Urmson said self-driving cars represent a "transformative" moment in the evolution of transportation, an opportunity to extend motoring to blind, elderly and disabled persons who otherwise could not drive.

"You're really changing the relationship you have with transportation. You're changing what it means to get around."

Regarding Google's desire to partner with traditional automakers and suppliers, Urmson said Detroit is more innovative than is sometimes acknowledged. Automakers are "doing something incredibly complicated."

"You look at a car ... and people forget just how much magic there is in that thing."

(Additional reporting by Bernie Woodall and Ben Klayman in Detroit; editing by Matthew Lewis)

BlackBerry Denies Samsung Is Trying To Buy It, And Now The Stock Is Tanking Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/blackberry-samsung-acquisition-denial-2015-1#ixzz3OrBifPHA

2015-01-14T19:24:00.003-08:00

BlackBerry denies that Samsung is trying to buy it, following an earlier report from Reuters that said Samsung was willing to pay as much as $7.5 billion for the company.

The Reuters report sent BlackBerry shares skyrocketing almost 30% at the end of trading Wednesday.

BlackBerry shares began correcting themselves following the announcement. They were down about 15% in after-hours trading.

Here's the statement from BlackBerry:

BlackBerry Limited is aware of certain press reports published today with respect to a possible offer by Samsung to purchase BlackBerry. BlackBerry has not engaged in discussions with Samsung with respect to any possible offer to purchase BlackBerry. BlackBerry's policy is not to comment on rumors or speculation, and accordingly it does not intend to comment further.

The statement from BlackBerry leaves very little wiggle room. It sounds like the Reuters report was completely wrong.

The Reuters report said Samsung wanted to buy BlackBerry for its patent portfolio. But the price seemed suspect. BlackBerry's patents were last valued at $2 to $3 billion. The alleged $7.5 billion figure would've been quite the premium.

NOW WATCH: This Video Of The Largest Breakage Of Ice From A Glacier Ever Filmed Is Absolutely Frightening

Facebook Unveils Facebook At Work, Lets Businesses Create Their Own Social Networks

2015-01-14T19:23:00.000-08:00

About six months ago, we reported that Facebook was working on a new product aimed squarely at the enterprise market under the working title, “FB@Work.” Now that product is officially coming to light: today the company is launching new iOS and Android apps called “Facebook At Work,” along with a version of Facebook at Work accessible via its main website, which will let businesses create their own social networks amongst their employees that are built to look and act like Facebook itself.

(Facebook At Work is now available for download on iOS, and we’ll update with a links to the Andrid version once it’s live, though both are usable via a limited pilot to start with. Check out our follow-up story for more screenshots, details on privacy, and analysis of “How Facebook At Work Could Shrink Faceless Enterprises“)

Employers can create separate log-ins for employees to use with their Work accounts, or users can link these up with their other profiles to access everything in one place.

The product puts Facebook head-to-head with the likes of Microsoft’s Yammer, Slack, Convo, Socialcast, and a huge number of others who are trying to tackle the “enterprise social network” space. Even LinkedIn conveniently let drop last night that it too was looking atbuilding a product for coworkers to communicate and share content (but not chat, as a LinkedIn spokesperson tells me). Not all of these have been a hit: Lars Rasmussen, the engineering director at Facebook who is heading up the project, had in his past once headed up one of the failed efforts at an enterprise social network, Google Wave.

Facebook is positioning today’s debut as a bold first step. “We’re putting the app into the app stores so that we can begin testing the product,” Rasmussen said in an interview.

In fact, Facebook has already been running tests of the service with “a very small set” of external businesses around the world, Rasmussen says; this is the next step in that process. The aim initially will be companies with 100 or more employees. (In fact, the existing Facebook Groups product is already used by smaller organisations.)

Because of the early nature of the product, there are a lot of questions in the air. The company has yet to work out, for example, how it might price the app, whether it will monetise the service through ads, or how third-party apps will work. For now, Facebook Platform has been disabled on the Work product, meaning no ads or apps.

That may not always be the case (“It could be paid,” he says).

This beta state of affairs is in some ways ironic. Rasmussen says that Facebook has effectively been working on Work for the last 10 years, because it is based on what Facebook’s own employees have been using to communicate with each other, pass on news, plan meetings and share documents. That long-time use and Facebook’s familiarity to all of us are part of what makes Facebook confident that it can carve a place for itself in a market that already is very crowded.

“Facebook at Work’s strength is that we’ve spent ten years and incorporated feedback from 1 billion active users,” he says. “All of that is embedded now in the same product but adapted for different use cases.”

And it’s actually used by staff. “When Mark [Zuckerberg, the CEO] makes an announcement he just posts it on Facebook at Work,” Rasmussen says.

In fact, Facebook’s own popularity could be Facebook at Work’s biggest advantage. A lot of efforts in offices to get employees to collaborate more with each other have been stymied because employees don’t want to use the software. It’s yet another new thing to learn and doesn’t feel essential.

A lot of messaging apps (Microsoft’s Yammer being one of the notably early movers) have tried to tap into “consumerization” — or getting enterprise apps to look and feel more like consumer apps — to encourage usage. In that vein, Facebook at Work, built essentially on Facebook itself, will be arguably the closest of all to an authentic “consumer” social experience.

Here’s a run-down of some of the key points about the service, as told to me by Rasmussen:

Pricing. As noted above, no firm details on this yet but consider that most of the other apps offer tiers of pricing. By making this free, Facebook could potentially drive a lot more users to its wider network.

The fact that Rasmussen would not rule out advertising as an option down the road to me suggests that Facebook could consider tiers of its own where some businesses may pay for the product and have it ad-free, while others might take it free and get ads. Again, most enterprise apps are based on a paid model so it’s probably more likely to remain the case here too. Plus this would give Facebook another revenue stream beyond ads and app-related payments.

How it will work. Facebook wouldn’t show me a demo ahead of the launch but this is how Rasmussen describes it: “When an employer adopts Facebook at Work, they can construct it with a set of new accounts. Users can then link their work and personal accounts together so that they are logged into both at the same time.”

This would work much like Groups and public profiles do today. On mobile, you would have two mobile apps running at the same time, he adds. “Even if the employee chooses to link there is no crossover. The content stays entirely within your personal or work Facebook.”

What’s not there/integrations. You can share documents today but for now there will be no in-app editing “currently.”

Again, that leaves this open as something that will come down the line. “The set of features are identitcal to personal Facebook, but just to get it out sooner we’ve disabled the Platform so the APIs that third parties work with are not there, but we are keen to turn it back on. Hopefully in the future other enterprise tools will integrate with Facebook at Work.”

Backstory on development. Back in June I’d deduced that Facebook at Work was connected with Rasmussen’s work in London, but what I found out from sources after that report was that this was more than casual: this was his baby.

Rasmussen is not shy to bring this up himself (which I have to admit is refreshing to hear, because people do like to posture a lot in tech, don’t they).

“I can say that the challenges of making work more efficient is something that has been on my mind for a long time, and I come to it with a lot of passion and the knowledge of a failure of doing this at a different company,” he says, referring of course to Google Wave.

“I thought that maybe Facebook’s experience was what was needed. When I worked on search here it was always at the back of my mind, so later I picked back up on that idea, joined in on the conversation.”

The caveat to all this, however, is one that Facebook will have to continue to grapple with, all the more so as it continues to grow.

Canvassing opinion on a Facebook at Work product, I heard not only once people shy away from the idea, concerned with the thought of Facebook “owning” your data and the potential lack of confidentiality resulting from it.

That can be frustrating when related to pictures of you too drunk when you were in college, or frankly scary looking when you were in high school, but potentially very costly and illegal if proprietary work information is involved.

BlackBerry denies it has engaged in buyout discussions with Samsung —

2015-01-14T19:21:00.002-08:00

Waterloo, ON – BlackBerry Limited (NASDAQ: BBRY; TSX: BB) (“BlackBerry”) is aware of certain press reports published today with respect to a possible offer by Samsung to purchase BlackBerry. BlackBerry has not engaged in discussions with Samsung with respect to any possible offer to purchase BlackBerry. BlackBerry’s policy is not to comment on rumors or speculation, and accordingly it does not intend to comment further.

About BlackBerryA global leader in mobile communications, BlackBerry® revolutionized the mobile industry when it was introduced in 1999. Today, BlackBerry aims to inspire the success of our millions of customers around the world by continuously pushing the boundaries of mobile experiences. Founded in 1984 and based in Waterloo, Ontario, BlackBerry operates offices in North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. The Company trades under the ticker symbols "BB" on the Toronto Stock Exchange and "BBRY" on the NASDAQ. For more information, visit www.BlackBerry.com.

Media Contact:BlackBerry Media Relations
(519) 888-7465 x77273
mediarelations@BlackBerry.com

Investor Contact:BlackBerry Investor Relations
(519) 888-7465
investor_relations@BlackBerry.com

How to Use LED Grow Lights

2014-11-27T18:56:00.002-08:00

How to Use LED Grow Lights

LED grow lights, or Light-Emitting Diode lamps, are an increasingly popular choice for indoor plant growing principally because they can deliver more intense light output with less energy and heat production, and they have a much longer useful life than that of high pressure sodium, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge or incandescent lamps. Most grow lamps are used commercially and industrially, but some residential use occurs. LEDs are made in several colors to mimic the ranges of natural sunlight that drive maximum photosynthesis and plant performance. LED grow lights are also popular because they can be used in standard bulb fittings and do not require special ballasts or non-standard electrical fixtures. LEDs come in 2-watt to 15-watt equivalents and in a range of sizes and colors.

nstructions
1
Determine the optimal lighting requirements for your particular plant or plants to thrive if they were living outdoors. Figure out the intensity of light and for how many hours a day it is needed. Often this information is on the plant tag or little plastic pick stuck in the soil of your plant. Online garden resources can help you make the determination if your plant is unmarked. This is what you need to mimic indoors with LEDs. If your plants grow outdoors in shade they need less light indoors. If they are vegetables and grow in full sun for 14 hours per day outdoors then that is the bar you must meet in order for the plant to thrive indoors.

2
Provide a mix of red spectrum and blue spectrum LEDs. Plant photosynthesis is most responsive to these two spectrums. According to research conducted by NASA, mixing at least 80 percent red LEDs and roughly 20 percent blue LEDs is a successful ratio for growing plants indoors. You can easily switch out a few of the blue LEDs for white without harming the plant growth. This will allow you to see what's happening with your plants much more readily because white LEDs have a spectrum of green, yellow and orange, which is more easily visible to the human eye.

Adjust your LEDs to hang above your plant tops by anywhere from 5 inches to 20 inches, according to the plant's size and light intensity requirements. Your goal is to have the plant greens showered in light to their edges but not have the light spill or be wasted on surrounding areas where there are no plants. Height adjustment of lighting helps achieve this economy as plants grow, changing in both shape and size.

4
Determine if your plants require light and dark periods. If so, connect your LED lights to a timer to regulate their on and off cycles to save you time, worry and labor. If your plants prefer long daylight periods and short night periods, program the automatic timer for that length of light cycle.

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How Much Energy Do Christmas Lights Use?

2014-11-27T18:55:00.005-08:00

How Much Energy Do Christmas Lights Use?

If you plan to use a lot of Christmas lights but do not want an unwanted "gift" when you open your electric bill in the New Year, you might want to buy Christmas lights that do not use too much energy.

Other People Are Reading

LED Lights
Using LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights can save you big bucks. According to the Long Island Power Authority, using a string of 600 LED lights for a month will cost a fraction of what it will cost to run "traditional" Christmas lights. A study by the Neighborhood Network says they use only .04 watts per light.

Mini-Lights
These are the smaller bulbs that are popular. The Neighborhood Network says "traditional" mini-light bulbs use about .34 watts per bulb.

C-7
These bulbs are 1 inch long that some say are shaped like a strawberry. According to the Neighborhood Network, each C-7 bulb uses more than 100 times the energy of an LED.

C-9 Bulbs
C-9 bulbs look like the C-7s but are bigger and use twice the energy.

Benefits
LED bulbs save money on your electric bill and also help the environment. The Long Island Power Authority says LED lights do not have a filament, so they do not get hot. LIPA also says LED lights can last 50,000 to 100,000 hours. That compares with the lifespan of a conventional bulb of around 1,500 hours.

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how to Test a High Power Diode

2014-11-27T18:55:00.002-08:00

How to Test a High Power Diode

Defective high power diodes are a common problem with microwave ovens. These diodes play a critical role by changing the high voltage alternating current (AC) supplied by the high voltage secondary winding of the power transformer into high voltage direct current (DC) that is needed by the magnetron tube that produces the electromagnetic energy that cooks your food. High power diodes subjected to thermal and electrical break down can cause your oven to fail to cook food although it appears to be working

A defective high power diode is found using a digital multimeter (DMM) or an analog volt-ohm-millimeter (VOM). A more accurate test can be made with a simple homemade test jig that allows you to measure the actual barrier voltage drop.

Instructions
Build the Test Jig
1
Plug in the soldering iron and allow to heat up. Once hot, clean the tip by rubbing it on the wet soldering sponge.

2
"Tin" the clean soldering iron tip by applying a coating of Rosin core solder. A properly tinned soldering tip will appear a bright silvery color and is essential for making proper solder connections.

Strip ? inch of insulation from the ends of the two lengths of hook-up wire.

4
"Tin" the bare copper ends of the hook-up wire with the Rosin core solder by applying the tip of the soldering iron to the underside of the wire and the solder to the top. The heat will draw the molten solder completely around the wire and between the strands.

5
Solder one of the lengths of hook-up wire to each battery connector lead. There will be no tension on these leads so you can simply lay the ends side by side and solder together. Wrap the soldered splices with electrical tape.

6
Solder one lead of the resistor to an alligator clip and the other lead to one of the leads coming from the battery connector. Wrap that soldered splice with tape.

Testing a High Power Diode
7
Identify the cathode and anode leads on the power diode. The cathode, or negative (-) lead, is usually identified by a solid line on the rectifier's body. The anode, the positive (+) lead, is identified by a solid arrowhead pointing against the cathode line.

8
Attach the alligator clips to the diode leads, the negative battery lead to the cathode and the positive battery lead to the diode's anode lead.

9
Snap the battery connector on the battery.

10
Set the DMM for the DC Volts range and attach the positive probe to the diode's anode and the negative probe to the diode's cathode and note the voltage reading. A reading of 12 volts indicates an open diode and you need to replace it. A reading approximately 0.3 to 0.7 volts indicates a good power diode. Most silicon power diodes have a barrier voltage drop of approximately 0.5 volts.

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How do I Make a LED Flash Light for a Dashboard?

2014-11-27T18:54:00.005-08:00

How do I Make a LED Flash Light for a Dashboard?

A flashlight on the dashboard of your car can be a convenient addition that helps prevent those frustrating moments when things seem to disappear beneath a seat or you need enough light to read a map. The 12-volt power supply used by the car's cigarette lighter is a handy power source for a low-current LED flashlight that you can make yourself. Keep it in the car for the next time you need a little bit of light.

Instructions
1
Separate the lid from the 35-mm film canister. Poke four pairs of holes in the lid using the pushpin. Each pair of holes should be spaced 1/4" apart to accommodate the two legs of an LED light. Push one white LED into each pair of holes, arranging them so that the long leg of each LED is next to the short leg of the LED next to it.

2
Connect the LEDs in series by twisting the pairs of adjacent legs together. You should have one short leg and one long leg left unconnected.

3.Poke two holes in the bottom of the 35-mm film canister with the pushpin. Untwist three inches of the copper wire and then thread the two red and black wires through the holes.

4
Twist the red wire around the long leg of the LED array and the black wire around the short leg of the LED array. Use small pieces of electrical tape to insulate the connections, and then place the lid of the 35mm canister back on to secure all the flashlight components.

5
Separate an inch of wire on the free end of the copper twisted pair wire. Match the colors to the wires of the 12-volt car adapter plug and connect them, black to black and red to red. Plug the adapter in to make sure the LED flashlight lights up. If it doesn't, try reversing the order of the wires, so that red connects to black and vice versa.

6
Tear the hook and loop tape apart, and remove the non-stick cover from the sticky back of the loop side before pressing it firmly against the location on the dashboard where you want the flashlight to rest. Remove the non-stick cover from the sticky back of the hook side of the tape and wrap it around the 35imm film canister. When the flashlight is not in use, you can keep it secured to the dashboard with the hook and loop strips.

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How Do LED Flashlights Work?

2014-11-27T18:54:00.002-08:00

How Do LED Flashlights Work?

Light Emitting Diodes
Light emitting diodes are the light source in an LED flashlight. Because of their size and capability, they are used in promotional items (especially those that blink), traffic lights, overhead office lighting, and signs. Flashlights and other hand-held items are a great place to use diodes because of the LEDs' durability and the increase in the life of the batteries. LEDs work because of the diode--a semiconductor electronic component that contains two electrodes, also called terminals, that generate light when electricity runs through them. Each diode contains a semiconductor chip and a reflective cup and are housed in a clear or colored epoxy. They attach to a socket via two terminals, one anode (flowing into) and the other cathode (flowing out of). LED flashlights are flashlights that have replaced the traditional bulb with a light emitting diode.

Using LED Flashlights
LEDs found in average hand-held flashlights are housed in a parabolic reflective cavity covered with a clear lens to protect the diode. The power source for lighting the diode is a required series of batteries. The diode and the batteries are separated by a switch. The whole mechanism, batteries and switch are housed in a tube or appropriate housing for the batteries required. This closed circuit charges the diode when the switch is turned to the on position, therefore allowing the current to travel through the LED. The light produced is bright, clear and intense and is bounced off the reflective cavity, through the lens and out into the surrounding area. A lens controls the area the light can spread across and will direct the beam to fill a wide or narrow area.

Advantages And Disadvantages
There are many advantages to using an LED light source. LEDs last longer, are more reliable and use much less energy. Because they are housed in a plastic coating, they are much sturdier and respond to being dropped or abused without breaking like an incandescent bulb might. Because they operate at such low temperatures, their shelf life is many times more than a traditional bulb. Turning them on and off causes minimal wear and tear. One of the disadvantages is susceptibility to damage by static electricity. More importantly, the intensity of an LED can cause eye damage if looked at directly by unprotected eyes. Never stare directly into an LED flashlight.

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How to Solder an LED Bulb

2014-09-01T20:24:00.001-07:00

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are quickly becoming one of the most efficient sources of light. Their long-lasting life, coupled with their low power consumption, proves them to be a very effective light source for the home and other places. If you want to create your own LED lights, you can solder the bulbs yourself.

Instructions
1
Prepare the soldering iron for use. Whether you have a new soldering iron or you are using an old one, you will need to "tin" the tip of the soldering iron by coating it in solder. Plug in the soldering iron and allow it to heat up. Coat the entire end of the soldering iron with solder, which will allow the solder to transfer to your project more smoothly later.

2
Prepare the surface of the circuit board. Clean the surface of the circuit board using a Scotch Brite pad. This will rid the surface of any dirt or impurities and provide a clean surface for the solder to stick to.

Place the LED on the circuit board. Insert the two leads from the LED into the pre-drilled holes in your circuit board, in the location where you want to have the LED. Bend the ends of the two leads slightly, from the bottom side, to prevent the part from falling over while you solder it.

4
Solder the LED in place. Heat one lead of the LED with your soldering iron. Do not touch the tip of the soldering iron to the solder directly. Touch the tip of the solder to the LED and allow the heat from the lead to melt the solder into the connection joint. Allow a small pool of solder to appear at the base of the lead, which will hold the LED in place. Allow this connection to cool for a few minutes and complete the other side the same way.

5
Inspect the joint. Ensure that the solder has fully connected the LED to the circuit board and that there are no loose connections. If you find a loose connection, simply reheat that soldered joint until the old solder melts. Remove the old solder from the joint with a wet rag and re-solder the connection.

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How to Synchronize LED Lights With iPod Music

2014-09-01T20:23:00.004-07:00

Lights that blink on and off in time with music are often used by dance clubs to excite the crowd. To create your own "light show" with the music coming from an iPod, use a music sync device. There are a number of these devices available from computer and electronics stores, and even hobby shops. These devices all work in a similar manner to control the illumination of lights in time with audio. Those that include LED lights as part of their makeup eliminate the need for any assembly work whatsoever. An audio speaker, however, will also be needed (e.g., an iPod music dock) in order for the iPod's music to be heard.

Instructions
1
Place the music sync device on a table. Stretch out the LED light modules attached to the music sync device so that they form an irregular pattern on the table. Plug the music sync device's power cord into a wall socket for power. Press the music sync device's power button to turn it on and supply power to the LED lights.

2
Place the speaker dock on the table. Plug its power cord into a wall socket for power. Insert the iPod into the speaker dock's iPod connector.

Aim the front of the music sync device, which contains the built-in microphone, toward the front of the speaker dock.

4
Press the power button on the speaker dock to turn it on. Press the "Menu" button on the iPod to bring up the menu. Select "Music" from the menu. Scroll down the list of choices on the screen and select a playlist. Press the "Play" button to begin playing songs from the playlist.

5
Press the "Volume +" button on the speaker dock to increase the audio volume. Continue increasing the audio volume until the LED lights of the music sync device begin to blink.

6
Adjust the fine-tuning knob on the music sync device to control the speed and intensity of the light's blinking. Turn the room lights off and enjoy the light show as the music plays.

Tips & Warnings
Music sync devices that rely on being plugged in to independent LED lights must not exceed the rating for the AC power of the device.

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How to Build a Grow Box With LED Lighting

2014-09-01T20:23:00.001-07:00

Growing your own plants at home can be even more productive when you get them to grow inside in an organic grow box. With the advent of bright light emitting diodes, or LEDs, you can add intense light close to your seedlings without burning the plants. The construction of a grow box basically involves using a structure large enough to house your plants with extra space for air ventilation.

Instructions
1
Line a large box or plastic storage container with sheets of aluminum foil. Use a few beads of craft glue along the inside of the box to hold the foil in place. The foil will reflect more of the light around the plants than a box without foil.

2
Place a shallow tray in the bottom of the box to hold drainage water. This makes it easier to water the plants and keeps the bottom of the grow box clean.

3.Set your soil-free filled plant pots onto the tray, while leaving enough space between the plants for good air circulation.

4
Attach two rows of high-intensity white LED light strips to the bottom of the cover of the grow box. Some strips come with pre-attached adhesive while others require a few screws to keep them in place. Drill a hole through the side edge of the cover with a drill. To keep the hole small, drill the hole as large as the width of the cord and slice from the hole to the edge of the cover. Pry open the slit with a utility knife to slide your plug through.

5
Place the cover over the organic grow box. Plug in the LED lights to test. Remove the cover. Plant your seeds, add water and nutrients as needed per plant. Replace the cover on the box, turn on the LED lights and wait for the plants to sprout.

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How to Find If an LED Tail Light Meets Department of Transportation Standards

2014-09-01T20:22:00.003-07:00

One of the key difficulties in car modification and repair is ensuring that your car is "street legal"--that is, it complies with all the standards and regulations for cars implemented and enforced by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Even a non-standard tail light can mean that your car can be taken off the road. With careful examination, however, ensuring your LED tail light meets government standards is a simple process.

Instructions
1
Go to an automotive parts store and examine the tail light you would like to install. The packaging will be clearly marked if the tail light is approved by the federal Department of Transportation. Also examine it for signs that it is a counterfeit part; such signs include misspellings on the packaging, bad grammar and incorrect contact information for the company. If you find signs of a counterfeit part, or no sign of DOT approval, assume it is not approved and investigate other brands until you find one that is DOT-approved and has no signs of counterfeiting.

2
Examine the specifications of the tail light and compare them to your state's specifications for tail lights. While it is likely the government and the state have very similar requirements, there may be subtle differences that may disqualify the light. If possible, ask to see a demonstration model of the part, or ask if there are cars at the shop with this tail light already installed so you can see it in action.

3
Install the tail light, and then test it to make sure it performs to both federal and state standards. Turn the wheel to the direction it is signaling in to see if it shuts off. Time the light to ensure it is not flashing too quickly, which may be a safety hazard for epileptic drivers. Ensure the light turns on and turns off smoothly with the use of the turn signal, and that it has been wired to the turn indicator on the dashboard. Look at the light at night and ensure it is bright enough to be seen but not bright enough to dazzle other drivers.

Tips & Warnings
Use only reputable auto parts dealers and installers. For local dealers, check sites like Yelp to find out more about their reputation and business. Local and national dealers will likely carry parts that meet state and federal standards.

Log on to the website of the company you are considering buying a tail light from. The site should note the part is DOT approved.

Counterfeit car parts are a major risk. If you have any suspicion that a part is counterfeit, do not install it.

Never install a car part yourself unless you know exactly what you are doing. If you are uncomfortable or uncertain, have a professional install it for you.

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How to Connect Power LED to a Motherboard

2014-09-01T20:22:00.000-07:00

The power light emitting diode is a small light diode installed on the front panel of the computer case. If connected to the motherboard, the power LED lights up steady green when the computer is turned on, and starts to blink or lights in yellow when the computer goes into sleep mode. This LED is not important for the computer's functionality, but it allows you to easily identify if your machine is in sleep mode.
Instructions
1
Switch off the computer and disconnect the power cord on the back panel.

2
Open the computer case by removing the side panel. Then lay the computer on its side. Note that the motherboard is attached to the opposite side panel with screws.

3.Look for the system panel connector cluster that is in the bottom right corner of the motherboard. This cluster includes at least five different connectors, including a power switch, reset, a case's speaker, power and hard drive LEDs.

4
Consult the motherboard's manual and find out which pins in the cluster correspond to the power LED connector. The manual will have a scheme on which the polarity ("+" and "-") of the connection is marked.

5
Locate a computer case cable that goes from the power LED. This cable has a connector on the end that would fit into the pins on the motherboard.

6
Touch the metal surface of a large object to discharge static electricity before doing any work with electronic parts such as the motherboard. For example, touch an unpainted metal part of the computer case.

7
Insert the connector of the power LED cable into the corresponding pins (see Step 4) on the motherboard using a gentle force.

8
Close the computer case and power up your machine.

Tips & Warnings
Static electricity can severely damage the motherboard and other computer components. This damage is not covered by the manufacturer's warranty.

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How to Replace an LED Cat Eye Bike Light

2014-09-01T20:21:00.002-07:00

Cat Eye LED bike lights are mounted on both the front and back of your bike so you can ride safely at night. These bike lights are easily replaceable should one of yours ever fail or should you just want a different model light. Learning how to replace a Cat Eye LED bike light can help you insure that your bike is equipped with everything it needs to keep you safe.

Instructions
1
Remove the light from the bracket fastened to your bike by pressing the red button located on one of the sides of your light to release it. You should be able to pull it forward gently and hear it click out of place. Don't try to force it if you intend on keeping the bracket.

2
Unscrew the dial on the bracket strap fastened to your bike and remove the light. You'll want to take this with you to purchase a new light to insure that the new light will fit in your bracket. If you know the bracket model and number, then you can leave it on the bike.

3.Purchase a Cat Eye LED light to fit the bracket you have on your bike. If you have an older model, you may have difficulty finding a light that fits, but ask the salesclerk if he can suggest a replacement.

4
Refasten your bracket around the front or back bars on your bike with the dial facing inward, looping it around the bar and back through the slot under the dial. Turn the dial clockwise to fasten. Slide your light into the bracket from the side opposite the dial until you hear a click that indicates it is locked in.

Tips & Warnings
Always read all instructions and safety warnings that accompany any new light you buy prior to installing the light onto the bike.

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How to Trim Home LED Net Lights

2014-09-01T20:20:00.006-07:00

How to Trim Home LED Net Lights

Decorating the outside of your home with LED net lights for Christmas, or any other occasion, has many advantages over trimming your small trees and shrubbery with traditional string lights. Net lights are pre-configured to be evenly spaced when hung, as opposed to aligning string lights which takes a lot of time to space properly. You can purchase LED net lights in various lengths, enabling you to cover large portions of your home's exterior with ease.

Instructions
1
Unfold the LED net lights on a flat surface and spread them out so that you can easily see all of the lights.

2
Plug the power chord into an electrical outlet. Inspect the lights for any lights that do not light or other defects in the net. LED lights rarely burn out, but it is easier to know if there is a problem before you hang the lights.

3.Unplug the power chord and move the lights to the desired location. Locate the nearest electrical outlet. If there is no outlet readily available, use an extension cord long enough to reach the outlet. Make sure that the extension cord is rated for outdoor use.

4
Grasp the top edge of the net lights with both hands. Drape the net over the bush or other object. Arrange the lights so that the entire object is covered.

5
Plug the net lights into the outlet or extension cord. Inspect the lights and rearrange the net if desired.

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How to Solder a LED Light for Your PC

2014-09-01T20:20:00.003-07:00

Proper soldering requires practice. Soldering a light emitting diode (LED) or any other device to a printed circuit board (PCB) takes skill and patience, especially on modern boards with tiny connections. You should not try it on your first attempt at soldering. Practice on something else first. Mistakes can be costly. But once you feel up to the task, follow the steps carefully. Make sure you have a low power soldering iron that will not burn adjacent components, and you use solder with a small diameter not to flood the PC board with excess solder which may cause a "bridge" (short circuit).

Instructions
1
Clean the circuit traces on the PC board with solvent and a clean rag.

2
Insert the two leads on the LED into the designated holes on the PC board. Observe proper polarity; the anode being positive or plus and the cathode, negative or minus.

3.Bend the leads away from each other at a 45-degree angle from the plane of the circuit board. This holds the LED in place while your solder it.

4
Plug the soldering iron in and let it heat up.

5
Clean the soldering iron tip by melting solder onto it. Quickly wipe it clean on the damp sponge. It should be bright and shiny. If it is not, keep cleaning it until it is.

6
Touch the soldering iron to one of the leads of the LED where it touches the PC board trace. When it is hot, in a few seconds, touch the tip of the solder lightly to the joint but not to the soldering iron. The solder will melt quickly and "sweat" onto the joint. Quickly pull the iron and solder away. A good solder joint will look shiny.

7
Repeat step 6 for the other lead on the LED.

8
Snip the excess leads off with the wire cutters. Cut them flush with the PC board.

9
Clean the solder joints with a rag dampened with the solvent. Then dry it with a dry rag.

Tips & Warnings
Turn your equipment off and unplug it before starting. Working on energized equipment is dangerous to both you and the equipment.

Be careful that your soldering iron does not touch other components or solder joints on the PC board.

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How to Make Light-up Shirts

2014-09-01T20:19:00.003-07:00

Stitch a row of LED lights onto the shoulder, sleeves or front pocket of a shirt to make it light up and stand out. You will take your crafting to the next level once you learn how to work with soft circuits and conductive threads. You can start with a pre-made button-up shirt or T-shirt, or sew your own shirt and then attach the lights to it. Sewing a switch into the shirt lets you turn the lights on and off.

Instructions
1
Position your shirt on the embroidery hoop. Drape the part of the shirt that you will add the lights to over the inner circle of the hoop, then push the outer circle over top. Pull the shirt tightly and tighten the screw at the top of the hoop to secure the shirt.

2
Arrange the LEDs in a row or pattern (such as a circle or flower shape) on the shirt. Once you've determined how you want the lights to look, mark where each light will go with a disappearing ink marker.

3.Thread the needle with the conductive thread. Tie a knot in the opposite end of the thread.

4
Use the needle-nose pliers to bend the long lead (the metal wire that sticks out of the bottom) of each LED into a square, coiling the wire all the way up to the base of the light.

5
Use the pliers to coil the shorter lead of each LED up to the base of the light. Coil each lead on the switch, as well.

6
Position the first LED on the shirt and hold it in place with your fingers.

7
Push the needle up through the shirt, coming from the inside. Stitch around the square coil of the LED and push the needle back into the shirt. Continue to stitch around the square-coiled lead, until it is securely fastened to the shirt.

8
Place the battery holder on the inside of the shirt, near the first LED. Sew from the first lead of the LED to the positive end of the battery holder. Stitch around the positive end (there should be a small metal loop) until it is securely attached to the shirt.

9
Stitch from the positive end of the battery holder to where you will place the next LED. Sew the square-coiled lead of the LED to the shirt in the same manner that you sewed the first LED. Repeat, attaching the square coils of the remaining LEDs.

10
Tie the conductive thread at the end, to secure it. Wrap the thread under itself, so that it does not unravel and short circuit. Cut the end of the thread.

11
Re-thread the needle if you need to and tie the end of the thread. Push the needle up through the shirt and stitch the rounded coil lead of the first LED to the shirt. Make sure you do not touch the thread used to sew the positive, squared leads with the thread you are using to sew the negative, round leads. Stitch the remaining rounded leads in place. Do not tie off and trim the thread.

12
Cut a small hole in the shirt and push the switch through it, keeping the wire leads on the inside of the shirt. Stitch one lead to the shirt, using the same thread you used to sew the negative LED leads in place. Tie off and cut the thread.

13
Re-thread your needle and knot the end. Stitch the second lead of the switch in place, the same way you sewed the LED leads.

14
Stitch from the second lead on the switch to the negative end of the battery holder. Sew the negative end of the battery holder in place, then knot the thread end and trim.

15
Turn the switch so that the battery holder is off. Insert the coincell battery into the holder. Flip the switch and watch your shirt light up.

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How to Educate a Technician to Install LED Lights

2014-09-01T20:19:00.000-07:00

The performance of a well-trained technician can be appreciated by his clients. When his clients call upon him, he is expected to thoroughly fix their problem. Educating a technician on how to install LED lights may be a challenge at first, but once understanding is established the technician will have little problem installing LED lights.

Instructions
1
Inform the technician that the first step in installing LED light involves drilling holes into the vehicle's body away from extreme heat and moving components. Such heat can damage the LED light by increasing its current flow. This preventive step involves marking the proper drilling and mounting location, usually above the headlight housing. In addition, drilling above the headlight housing allows the technician to avoid other significant damage to electrical lines, fuel lines, brake lines and exhaust systems (Reference 1).

2
Have the technician test the headlight housing needed for mounting the LED light tubes. A good idea is to completely remove the headlight housing and install the brackets for mounting first (Reference 2). After this the technician must drill with accuracy, penetrating straight down and quickly out. The hole should be no wider than necessary. A wide or crooked hole will allow moisture or dust to eventually enter the headlight housing. Apply a bit of silicon sealer to the holes to prevent rust.

3.Show the technician how to locate the automobile's fuse box underneath the hood. Once this is accomplished the technician should access and insert the LED's red power wire in the headlight nearest to the fuse box (Reference 2). The headlight furthest away from the fuse box should be in sync with the illuminating diode with ground connector. Continue installation by inserting one of the LED wires and grommet. Pull up on the wires in order to position the LED near its entrance hole. However, the wire should not be visible. In many states there is a law against this.

4
Show the technician how to connect ground so that a sufficient source of power can be accessed later (Reference 2). Ground components can consist of a quality, medium-sized bolt with a metal ground blade underneath. This mechanism should not be excessively tight, otherwise it could crack or break apart. A ground connector is very significant. Without it, very high current can damage the LED lights.

5
Have the technician strip insulation from the end of the LED light's red power wire up to approximately 1/8 or 1/4 inch (Reference 2). Have him probe the head light with the red wire, contacting one of the two small metal tabs until the LED lights come on. These tabs can be found atop each fuse. Once power is discovered the technician can remove the fuse.

6
Direct the technician to insert the stripped wire into one of the two slots once occupied by the fuse. The appropriate slot should result in the illumination of the LED light while the other slot should not produce a similar result (Reference 2). The fuse should be reinserted after this to keep the power wire from moving. The LED light should be fully illuminated. The second LED should be installed in the same manner as the first. Insert it into the headlight housing along with a push plug. This finishes the installation process.

Tips & Warnings
When training a technician to install LED lights, encourage him to thoroughly read the installation instructions. This will cause him to become more grounded as well as confident (Reference 2). Having prior knowledge before performing an installation job makes following direction much easier and saves the trainer and trainee valuable time. Installing LED lights is not as difficult as it sounds. All it takes is a little patience while acquiring knowledge and experience.

To avoid injury and damage to the technician, he should disconnect the negative battery cable. Read the vehicle's service manual to learn more about the automobile's electronic system (Reference 2). Disconnecting the entire battery can cause the electronic system to malfunction on some modern cars. Therefore, it is wise to only disconnect the negative battery cable instead the entire battery.

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