PAKISTAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENTISTS

COMPOSITION OF FEEDSTUFF USED IN POULTRY FEED

2013-09-12T11:05:00.001-07:00

Ingredients	Energy (MJ/KG)	Inclusion rate	CP%	Ca %	P %	DM%
Maize	13.7	40	10	0.04	0.29	87
Rice	18	30	8	0.07	0.32	89
Wheat	13.5	30	12.8	0.05	0.42	86.5
Sorghum	13.6	5-10	12	0.03	0.35	86
Soya bean	13	10	54.6	0.39	0.72	88.7
CSM	13	5-10	45.2	0.18	1.21	91
RSM	11.4	5	40.9	0.80	1.3	88
Guvar meal		5	41.1	0.44	0.57	92.1
Canola meal	11.4	5	40.3	0.75	1.25	89.8
CG 60%	14.3	10	67.3	0.03	0.6	90
CG 30%	18.8	10	21.7	1.6	10.2	88.3
Meat & bone meal		2	50.9	9.4	4.6
Fish meal	14	8	72.3	4.51	2.93	91
DCP		1-2		23	18
Molasses	11.7	3-5	4.4	1.15	0.09	74.2
Barley	13	10	11.7	0.07	0.38	86.2
Rice polish		5	8.7	0.4	0.9	88.9
Millet	19	5	14.2	0.4	3.0	90.6
Wheat bran		8	17.2	0.07		84.7
Fish Oil	39	2				99.9
Linseed meal	13.2	2	36.7	0.42	0.90	89.6

CLASSIFICATION OF CHICKEN

2013-09-10T11:08:00.001-07:00

DR WALEED NAEEM

CHICK CHECK POSTPLACEMENT

2013-09-10T11:05:00.001-07:00

POULTRY DISEASES

2013-07-13T09:16:00.003-07:00

IMPORTANT SIGNS WHICH CONFIRMS THE DISEASE

NEWCASTLE DISEASE:

v Paramysovirus type-1

v Affect the respiratory, digestive and nervous system.

v Greenish white diarrhea

v Convulsions, stargazing

v Hemorrhages on the glandular portion of the proventiculous.

v Hemorrhages on the mucosa of intestine.

GUMBORO:

v Birnavirus.

v Enlarged bursa of fabricius.

v Hemorrhages in the bursal folds.

v Hemorrhages at the junction of proventiculous and gizzard.

v Hemorrhages in the muscles.

AVIAN INFLUENZA:

v Orthomixovirus A type

v Swelling of comb, head and wattles.

v Blood splashes on the proventiculous, gizzard, heart etc.

v Bleeding in the ovaries.

v Respiratory signs.

v Hemorrhagic tracheitis.

v Severe egg production drops.

COCCIDIOSIS:

v Bloody droppings.

v Hemorrhages in the small intestine which can be seen from outer surface.

v Blood in intestine and caeca.

v Intestine when cut refold immediately.

MAREK’S DISEASE:

v Herpes virus

v Wing and leg paralysis

v Greenish white diarrhea.

v Enlargement of liver, spleen, kidney, heart etc.

v Lesions on the skin, muscles, digestive and respiratory track

Tour to feed Mill

2012-11-27T07:54:00.002-08:00

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LIGHT MANAGEMENT FOR LAYER

2012-10-01T09:20:00.000-07:00

Light Programme is most important for Weight gain, maturity of birds,more and peak production of birds,as if you don't provide proper or scheduled light then small and large size eggs will be produced by hens.There will be late or early maturity.So proper light schedule is important.

There are two types of light season.

In season
out season

Following is full guide of lighting schedule of poultry Birds

Note:- There are five pages

Feasibility Report for Layers Birds

2012-09-24T07:14:00.002-07:00

Feasibility truly mean that any business will be beneficial for you or not on that investment you want to invest in business.

Layers are those poultry birds which are kept for egg purpose.Its complete guide for establishing of poultry farm.Lets know how can you make you feasibilty for poultry farms.

Birds are in multi story cages

There are four major points as follow

Building Construction Cost:
Equipment Cost:
RUNNING COST:
Total Production Charges:

Land is available

CAPITAL COST

Building Construction Cost:

Construction of Shed 400 x 45 = 18000 ft2 @ 325 / ft2 = 5850000

Construction of office 10 x 10 = 100 ft2 @ 425 / ft2= 42500

Feed Store 10 x 15 = 150 ft2 @ 325 /ft2 = 48750

Equipment Store 10 x 15 = 150 ft2 @ 325 /ft2 = 48750

Labor Colony 20 x 15 = 300 ft2 @ 325 / ft2= 97500

Water Tank 7 x 7 = 49 ft2 @ 400 / ft2= 19600

Wash Room 2 (5 x 6) = 60 ft2 @ 400 / ft2= 24000

Total = 6131100

5% Depreciation for one year = 6131100 x 5% = 306555

Equipment Cost:

Cage System ( 110 Rs / bird) = 110 x 24000 = 2640000

Fans 11fans @ 28500 = 313500

Inlets 56 inlets @ 3250 = 182000

Lighting + Controller = 150000

Pads 66 Pads @3200 = 211200

Controllers of Feeding, Drinking and Ventilation System = 150000

Heater = 180000

Generator 2 generator @ 500000 = 1000000

Transformer @ 300000 = 300000

Refrigerator @ 32000 = 32000

Automatic Syringe @ 5000 = 5000

Weighing Balance @ 1200 = 1200

Water Pump 2 pump @ 9000 = 18000

Spray Machine @ 5000 = 5000

Chick Guard for Brooding = 10000

Egg Tray 80% production (7 days) @15 = 67200

Total = 5265100

20% Depreciation for one year = 5265100 x 20% = 1053020

RUNNING COST:

Layer is purchased at the age of 18^th week

Layers (as 0.75 ft2 / layer) = 24000 layer @ 230 = 5520000

Feed Bags (38kg / bird) = 18240 @1300 = 23712000

Vaccination + Medication = 10 / bird = 240000

Electricity = 15 / bird = 360000

Labor charges = 10 / bird = 240000

Miscellaneous = 50000

Total = 30122000

Total Production Charges:

Depreciation of Building = 306555

Depreciation of Equipments = 1053020

Running Cost = 30122000

Total = 31481575

Income:

Total Birds = 24000

Mortality @ 5% = 1200

Total Live Birds = 22800

Egg / layer = 280

Total eggs 280 X 22800 = 6384000

Sale of egg @ 60 Rs / 12egg = 31920000

Sale of Empty Bags 18240 bags @ 8 Rs = 145920

Birds 22800 birds @ 95 = 2166000

Total income = 34231920

Profit:

Income - Expenditure = Profit

34231920 --- 31481575 = 2750345

Note price may change

Feasibility Report for Broilers

2012-09-19T05:58:00.000-07:00

Land is available

Contents

CAPITAL COST:
Equipment Cost:
RUNNING COST:
Total Production Charges:
Income:
Profit:
CAPITAL COST

Building Construction Cost:

Construction of Shed 400 x 45 = 18000 ft2 @ 325 / ft2 =5850000

Construction of office 10 x 10 = 100 ft2 @ 425 / ft2 =42500

Feed Store 10 x 15 = 150 ft2 @ 325 /ft2 =48750

Equipment Store 10 x 15 = 150 ft2 @ 325 /ft2 =48750

Labor Colony 20 x 15 = 300 ft2 @ 325 / ft2 =97500

Water Tank 7 x 7 = 49 ft2 @ 400 / ft2 =19600

Wash Room 2 (5 x 6) = 60 ft2 @ 400 / ft2 =24000

Total = 6131100

5% Depreciation for one year = 6131100 x 5% = 306555

5% Depreciation for 6 week = 35371

Equipment Cost:

Feeding Equipment = 1250000

Drinking Equipment = 550000

Fans 11fans @ 28500 = 313500

Inlets 56 inlets @ 3250 = 182000

Lighting + Controller = 150000

Pads 66 Pads @3200 = 211200

Controllers of Feeding, Drinking and Ventilation System = 150000

Heater = 180000

Generator 2 generator @ 500000 = 1000000

Transformer @ 300000 = 300000

Refrigerator @ 32000 = 32000

Automatic Syringe @ 5000 = 5000

Weighing Balance @ 1200 = 1200

Water Pump 2 pump @ 9000 = 18000

Spray Machine @ 5000 = 5000

Chick Guard for Brooding = 10000

Total = 4357900

20% Depreciation for one year = 4357900 x 20% = 871580

20% Depreciation for 6 week = 100566

RUNNING COST:

Broiler Chicks (as 0.6 ft2 / chick) = 30000 chick @ 47 = 1410000 Feed Bags (3.25 kg / bird) = 1950 @1300 = 2535000

Vaccination + Medication = 10 / bird = 300000

Electricity + Gas charges = 6 / bird = 180000

Labor charges = 2 / bird = 60000

Litter cost = 60000

Miscellaneous = 50000

Total = 4595000

Total Production Charges:

Depreciation of Building = 35371

Depreciation of Equipments = 100566

Running Cost = 4595000

Total = 4730937

Income:

Total Birds = 30000

Mortality @ 5% = 1500

Total Live Birds = 28500

Total Live Weight @ 1.75 kg / bird = 49875 kg

Price @ 100 Rs / kg = 4987500

Sale of Empty Bags 1950 bags @ 8 Rs = 15600

Sale of litter = 100000

Total income = 5103100

Profit:

Income-Expenditure = Profit

5103100 - 4730937 = 372163

(offered by Mr.Waleed)

Glands ,Hormones,Functions And Structure

2012-09-18T02:39:00.000-07:00

LH=lutenizing hormone FSH=follicle stimulating Hormone ADH=Antidiuretic hormone

GLANDS	HORMONE	FUNCTION	STRUCTURE
Hypothylamus	thyrotripin releasing hormone	stimulate secretion of TSH & PROLECTIN	peptide
	corticotropin R.H	cause release of ACTH
	GHRH	cause release of GH
	GHIH	inhibit released GH
	gonado tropin RH	cause release of LH & FSH
	dopamin inhibitroy factor	inhibit release of protecting H	Amine
Interior pitutary	G.H	stimulate protine synthesis & overall G of most cells and tissues	peptide
	TSH	stimulate synthesis & secretion of thyriod H
	ACTH	stimulate synthesis & secretion of A corticle H
	Prolectin	promotes development of the female brest & milk
	FSH	cause G of folicle in ovary and sperm maturation
	LH	S. testesteron syn.in lading cell in testies.formation of CL.Stim.ovalation.estrogen & progesteron synthesis in ovary.
Posterior pitutary	ADH	increase water reabsoption by the kidney and vaso constriction & increase B.P
	Oxycitocin	S. milk ejectiot trom teats and utrine contraction
Thyroid	thyroxinT4 & tri idothyanin T3	increase rate of chem.reaction in most cell thus increase matabolic rate	Amine
	calcitonin	promotes decomposition of Ca in bones & decrease Ca in extra cellular fluid	peptide
Adrenal cortex	corticoid	hm	Styriod
	aldosteron	increase Na reabsorption,incre K secretion & H secretion
Adrenal medulla	epineprin & norepinephrin	increase the activity of parasynthetic NS	Amine
Pancreas	insuline from B cells	promotes glucose entry in many cells. Controle metabolism of CHO	peptide
	glucagon in A cells	increase syn. & release of glucose from liver into body
Parathyroid	thyroid H	serumCa conc. By increase absorption by the gut and kidney & release Ca in bone
Testies	testestiron	promote D of MRS & sexsuall characteristics
Ovary	estrogen	primote G & D of FRS,F brest and sexsual chara.
placenta	HCG	priomotes G of CL & release estrogen & progesteron

Break out analysis of hatchery eggs/Chick Development stages

2012-09-16T12:09:00.002-07:00

Chick Development stages

Hatchery Egg At second stage....Note sperm....

Two to five days stage

Eye development 5-6 days age

As Eyes Developed.........

Infertile Egg

Embryo Developed into Chick 18-19 stage

MILKING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

2012-09-15T10:54:00.003-07:00

Do milking quickly, quietly and completely.

Milk let down

We have 3 methods for milk let down

calf
oxcytocin injection
concentrate

First two are more use methods however these are not recommended due to following reason;

In case of calf:

one can not ensure that the calf take milk accordingly to requirement or not. The calf may remain underfed or overfed.

Underfeeding leads to stunting growth delayed majority and low life time productivity. Overfeeding leads to digestive disturbance and damage the farm economy.

Oxcytocin injection

is used for milk let down it will leads to

metritis (inflammation of uterus)
abortion
infertility

Mechanism of milking

Naturally due to any stimulation oxcytocine hormone release from the posterior pituitary that circulate in blood and act on the smooth muscles control the alveoli and cause contraction ultimately milk present in the alveoli forced out come in the small duct then in the large duct then in to the gland system then in the streak canal then sphinkter then out.

sphinkter is to prevent the;

Leakage of milk
prevent the entrance of contaminants.

Concentrate

it is recommended for milk let down. We calculate the required quantity of concentrate for the animal and offer the required quantity to the animal before milking.

Milking methods

Hand milking:

a) stripping

b) full hand milking

c) folded thumb

Machine milking:

It is not common in the Pakistan due to small herd size and low milk production and less labour.

(offered by Mr.Waleed)

BREEDING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

2012-09-13T10:30:00.000-07:00

In order to minimize the caving interval animal must conceive with in 3 months post caving to achieve this target involution of the uterus and health of reproductive system is imperative. Normally involution occur with in 45 days post caving involution period may increase due to rough handling during caving retained placenta and prolepses. If animal show symptoms of heat with in the 45 days then she should not be inseminate. If the animal not show the symptoms of heat that may be attributed to;

1.careless attitude in heat detection

2.silent heat

3.short estrous pried

4.an estrous due to mineral deficiency

Detect the heat and do treatment accordingly;

Important minerals

LS
Biowit (100g/day)
Bioneck 4

Mineral deficiency also lead to cystic ovaries;

Cyclomate injection and Lutalize injection used for heat induction.

Dermaraline and Delmazine injection used for cystic ovary.

FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

2012-09-12T13:18:00.004-07:00

There are following requirements:-

Maintenance requirement
Production requirement

Maintenance requirement is fulfilled by green fodder however if quality fodder is available it can meet some part of production requirement also.

CP% in the fodder is more if it cut at the opt. time when leafy portion is more and stem is soft.

Silage is also a good source of quality fodder.

In our system we give the fresh fodder to the animal which CP% decrease day by day. In this why we not full fill the animal needs so use the silage or increase the concentrate. In this why we can ensure the uniform supply of nutrients to the animals.

The area for fodder and grain production decrease day by day. We can increase the per acre production by:

Introducing the high yielding fodder variety
By making silage
High yielding varieties are multi cut and 4 to 5 times more yield.

Characteristics of concentrate

Must be balanced ration
Economical
Palatable
Digestible
Highly nutritious
Variety of ingredients

Cotton seed cake is not a balanced ration b/c it is deficient in different nutrient it may be the one of the imp. Part of the balanced ration and it increase the cost of feeding.

Quantity

Provide the concentrate on the basis of 4% FCM. In order to feed concentrate to the animals exactly according to the requirement as such milk yield in to 4% FCM yield. Provide 1kg concentrate for each 2.5lt FCM yield. Formulae to convert milk yield in FCM:

4%FCM= 0.4(MILK YIELD) + 15(FAT YIELD)

(offered by Mr.Waleed)

BALANCED RATION FOR DAIRY and MEAT PRODUCER ANIMALS

2012-09-09T04:01:00.000-07:00

AMOUNT OF INGREDIENTS FOR MAKING 100 Kg CONCENTRATE

INGREDIENTS	RATION # 1 (Kg)	RATION # 2 (Kg)	RATION # 3 (Kg)
Khal Banola	18
Khal Sarson or Toria		40	15
Khal Sunflower			26
Maize gluten feed	20
Wheat bran (choker gandum)	35	43	30
Molasses (sheera)	25	15	25
UREA			2
NaCl (nimak khurdni)	1	1	1
DCP ( choora haddi)	1	1	1
Proteins	14 %	20 %	20 %
Digestible ingredients	65 %	69 %	70 %

AMOUNT OF INGREDIENTS FOR MAKING 100 Kg CONCENTRATE

INGREDIENTS	RATION # 1 (Kg)	RATION # 2 (Kg)	RATION # 3 (Kg)
Khal Banola	10
Khal Sarson or Toria			10
Bhoosa gandum	36	32	56
Maize gluten feed		24
Wheat bran (choker gandum)	20	16
Molasses (sheera)	30	25	30
UREA	2	1	2
NaCl (nimak khurdni)	1	1	1
DCP ( choora haddi)	1	1	1
Proteins	12 %	10 %	9 %
Digestible ingredients	60 %	58 %	58 %

(Offered by Mr.Zeeshan Javed)

REMOVAL OF EXTRA TEATS

2012-09-08T14:24:00.000-07:00

OBJECTIVES

The main objectives are:

To increase the market value of an animal.
To control mastitis.
For proper udder shape.
Animal look beautiful.

PROCEDURE

First of all locate the extra teats of animal. Lye the animal on the ground and

cut the extra teat with sterilized scissor and apply antiseptic to avoid bleeding and

infection.

(Offered by Mr.Zeeshan Javed)

CALCULATION OF CONCENTRATE ON THE BASIS OF FAT % IN MILK

2012-09-07T06:07:00.002-07:00

How to calculate the daily concentrate requirement of a dairy animal?

EXAMPLE

One dairy cow is producing 22 litre milk with 3.5% fat. Calculate its daily concentrate requirement?

SOLUTION

FCM(fat corrected milk)

4 % FCM = 0.4 (milk yield) + 15 (fat yield)

= 0.4 (22) + 15 (3.5 x 22)

100

= 8.8 + 11.55

= 20.35 litre

We subtract 3 litres from FCM yield, thus

= 20.35 – 3 = 17.35

= 17.35

2.5

= 6.94 kg concentrate (morning and evening)

For morning, divide it by 2

= 6.94 = 3.47 kg offered one time

EXAMPLE 2

One buffalo is producing 14 litre milk with 6 % fat. Calculate its daily concentrate requirement?

SOLUTION

4 % FCM = 0.4 (milk yield) + 15 (fat yield)

= 0.4 (14) + 15 (6 x 14)

100

= 5.6 + 12.6

= 18.2 litre

We subtract 3 litres from FCM yield,(because it can fulfilled by forage) thus

= 18.2 – 3 = 15.2

= 15.2

2.5

= 6.08 kg concentrate (morning and evening)

(offered by Mr.zeeshan javed)

VACCINATION SCHEDULE OF FARM ANIMALS

2012-09-04T10:36:00.003-07:00

111	DISEASE	TYPE of VACCINE	DOSE & ROUTE	TENTATIVE SCHEDULE	MANUFACTURED BY
1.	H.S	Alum precipitated (having strains of Pasteurella multocida Robert type-1)	5ml/300 kg B.W S/C	May-June Nov-Dec	VRI (LHR) VRI (Peshawar) CASVAB (Quetta) VETY CARE (ISBD) NIAB (FSD) Hira Labs (FSD) BIO LABS (ISBD)
		Killed oil adjuvant vaccine	3 ml for adult 1 ml for upto 1 year of age. I/M Booster in calves after 12 weeks	Once in a year	VRI (LHR) VETY CARE (ISBD) NIAB (FSD) Hira Labs (FSD) BIO LABS (ISBD) Grand pharma (ISBD)
2.	FMD	Aluminum hydroxide trivalent (O,A,ASIA-1) vaccine	5 ml S/C 3 ml for youngs	FEB-MAR SEP-OCT	Avesina (LHR) FMD Research Centre (LHR) UVAS (LHR)
3.	Black Quarter	Alum precipitated culture of Cl.chauvoei	5 ml/600 lbs. B.W	APR-MAY	VRI (LHR) VRI (PSHWR) CASVAB (QUE)
4.	Anthrax	It is a suspension of live attenuated spores of non-capsulated Bacillus anthracis in glycerine saline	1 ml S/C	Once in a year	VRI (LHR) VRI (PSHWR) CASVAB (QUE)
5.	Rabies				VRI (LHR)
6.	Enterotoxaemia	Alum precipitated (prepared by incorporating equal quantity of perfringens type B & D.	3ml for adults 1 ml for lamb	JAN & JULY Ewe 7-10 days before parturition	VRI (LHR) VRI (PSHWR) CASVAB (QUE)
7.	CCPP	It is a formalized culture of Mycoplasma mycoides	1 ml S/C	MAY & NOV	VRI (LHR) VRI (PSHWR) CASVAB (QUE)
8.	PPR	PPR vaccine			VRI (LHR) CASVAB (QUE)
9.	Sheep pox	It is attenuated live virus cell culture ( RM-65 strain)	1 ml S/C	MAR & SEP	VRI (LHR)
10.	Goat pox	It is attenuated live virus cell culture Goregan	1 ml S/C	MAR & SEP	VRI ( LHR)

(OFFERED BY Mr.ZEESHAN JAVED)

MOTT GRASS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

2012-09-01T08:17:00.000-07:00

INTRODUCTION:-

It is a multi-cut summer fodder. Its production is 3 times more than any
traditional fodder. One time sown Mott grass gives fodder for 8-10 years.

ROW to ROW and PLANT to PLANT DISTANCE:-

Row to row and plant to plant distance is 2-3 ft.

LAND PREPARATION:-

Land preparation is same as that of wheat.

SOWING TIME

20 FEB-20 APR and AUG-SEP

SEED RATE:-

11000 branches per acre.
One bud of branch is under the ground whereas the other bud is outside at 45
degree angle towards sun.

IRRIGATION:-

1st irrigation soon after sowing. Remaining irrigations are according to the
season. Irrigation requirement is equal to that of sugarcane.

HARVESTING:-

First harvesting after 75-90 days after sowing. Others after every 45 days.

MIXED CROPPING:-

In winter, sow oat, sarson, turnip and berseem in Mott grass field.

CONCLUSION:-

In MAY-JUNE, if production is enough then preserve it by making silage
and feed to the animals in DEC-JAN.
NO INSECT-PEST ATTACK TILL NOW ON MOTT GRASS.

Watch Video 1

Watch Video 2

DE WORMING ,DIPPING

2012-08-28T12:00:00.000-07:00

It is the removal of internal parasites e.g. tapeworm, roundworm, liver flukes and intestinal worms.

TREATMENT:

Use dewormer (oxanid 1ml per 8 kg body wt.)
Injections (Vit B12 to activate rumen, 5ml)

FOR PREGNANT ANIMALS

Diclofanic sodium 5ml for 2 days. Never use steroids in case of pregnant animals.

FOR NON-PREGNANT ANIMALS

Dexamethason 5ml

DIPPING

It is the removal of external parasites. External parasites are actually the blood suckers. These include ticks, mites and lice. There is no specific schedule of dipping. It is done when needed. However certain practices are important to minimize its prevalence.

Animal shed must be free from cracks and if present cover them with mud.
Dung heaps must be far away from the shed because it is the best place for breeding of ticks.
Keep the younger and older animals in isolation because younger animals are more prone to these parasites.
Isolate the affected animals.
Use quality products to kill these parasites.

PROCEDURE

Make a dipping solution. This solution has recommended quantity of dipping agent i.e. 1ml of cypermethrin per litre water.
Prepare the solution and put it in the dipping vat.
Dip the large number of animals in dipping vat.
In case of fewer animals, dip the towel in solution and rub it on the body of animals except in the natural openings. At the same time spray the shed with 2ml per litre water solution.

Injections (Ivomec and Ivotech) are also used @ 1ml per 50 kg body wt.

These are sub-cut with small needle.

PROLAPSE

2012-08-26T11:09:00.000-07:00

Too much swelling of vagina along with injury.

CAUSES

i) Constipation.

ii) Mineral deficiency.

iii) Hormone imbalance.

iv) Wrong deed of truss.

NOTE:-

In prolapse the level of progesterone decrease and level of estrogen increase.

TREATMENT IN CASE OF PREGNANT ANIMAL:

i) Use of calcium therapy

ii) Injection Mil-D-Fort 300 ml (sub-cut)

iii) If there is some infection, use PPSLA (intramuscular)

TREATMENT OF NON-PREGNANT ANIMAL:

i) Injection progesterone 5 ml

ii) Lexatip

iii) Carminative mixture

iv) Simple oil 500 ml. Stop giving dry fodder.

Identification method in Farm animals

2012-08-25T12:14:00.000-07:00

This is done to maintain records of farm animals and for various managemential activities

There are 2 methods of identification:

i) Temporary identification.

ii) Permanent identification.

TEMPORARY IDENTIFICATION

i) We may put the mark with the help of paint.

ii) Hanging certain numbers which is hanged in neck with the help of neck chain.

iii) Ear tag made of plastic.

PERMANENT IDENTIFICATION

i) Tattooing (words or numbers made of nails, holes filled with permanent ink)

ii) Branding:-

2 types of branding:

a) Hot branding:

Brand made of iron rod, numbered it and passes it through red hot.
Wash the lower part of thigh and shave it. When brand is red hot apply it to the skin. Skin is burnt.

b) Cold branding:

Wash the lower part of thigh and shave it. In this case we use liquid nitrogen (-196C). Dip the numbered brand in liquid nitrogen and apply it to the shaven part. Some of the cells beneath the skin are burnt.

iii) Electronic implant:

In this method chip in the form of bolus is inserted in rumen. Chip is kept in rumen because it is indigestible.

DISBUDDING

2012-08-19T10:48:00.002-07:00

This practice is carried out within 3 weeks after birth. The main objectives of disbudding are:

i) To increase the market value of animal because our people prefer dehorned cows and buffaloes.

ii) To avoid injuries.

iii) To make animal docile.

PROCEDURE:

Lye the calf on ground with straight head.
Locate the horn bud (bud area will be blackish, hard and slightly projected).
Clip the hairs around the bud.
Make a layer of Vaseline around the bud.
Take caustic soda stick in one hand and a piece of cotton in the other hand.
Gently rub the stick on the bud and pick the melted matter with cotton.
Continue rubbing till blood ooze.
Apply Vaseline on bud. If more bleeding, apply tincture of iodine.

NAVAL CORD CARE, OMPHLITIS,HERNIA, septicaemia

2012-08-18T08:41:00.000-07:00

The main objectives of naval cord care are:

NAVAL CORD CARE

Control of omphlitis and septicemia.

To minimize calf mortality.

What is omphlitis?

It is the inflammation or swelling of naval cord.

What is septicemia?

Toxin circulation in blood is called septicemia.

PROCEDURE:

Fix the thread leaving about 1- 1.5 inches from the body. Thread is binded to stop blood circulation. Cut the portion below the thread with blade. Now dip it in any antiseptic solution (tincture iodine, phyodine or pink spray).

RECOGNITION OF HERNIA AND OMPHLITIS:

Press the swelled portion with hand towards the body, if it enters the body
it is hernia otherwise it is omphlitis.

TREATMENT OF OMPHLITIS:

Use injection Stopen or Pennivet @ 2.5 gm (intramuscular)

Add 5 ml distilled water in 2.5 gm.

TREATMENT OF HERNIA:

Take a piece of wood and tight it with swelling and bind it with the body.

DETERMINATION OF FAT PERCENTAGE Of MILK

2012-08-17T10:38:00.004-07:00

There are 2 methods of calculating fat percentage.

Gurber method
Milkotestominer method.

GURBER METHOD

APPARATUS:

Butyrometer and centrifuge machine.

CHEMICAL AGENTS:

H2SO4 and amyl alcohol.

PROCEDURE:

Take 10 ml H2SO4, 11 ml milk sample and 1 ml amyl alcohol in Buterometer. Then tight a cork on it. Then stir it gently. When it will become a solution, put it in centrifuge machine for 5 mints. At least 2 Buterometers should be put in centrifuge at a time on alternate position for maintaining a balance. Take it out after 5 mints. See the fat that blows up. Take reading, digits directly reflect the fat %age.

(OFFERED BY Mr.ZEESHAN JAVED)

MILK ACIDITY TEST

2012-08-16T07:44:00.001-07:00

APPARATUS:

Milk sample, small beaker, burette, pipette and stirrer.

CHEMICAL AGENTS:

N/10 NaOH and Phenolphthalein indicator.

PROCEDURE:

Take 10 ml milk in a beaker. Add 2-4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator in milk. Add NaOH drop wise in it and stir it. Continue adding NaOH till pink color

appears. Note the final reading of NaOH.

CALCULATION:

Initial reading of NaOH = 20.1 ml

Final reading of NaOH = 22 ml

Volume of alkali used = 22-20.1 = 1.9 ml

Acidity = volume of alkali used x 0.009 x 100

Milk sample

= 1.9 x 0.009 x 100

= 0.171

Acidity must be less than 1 otherwise it indicates that milk is spoiled.

(OFFERED BY Mr.ZEESHAN JAVED)

PAKISTAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENTISTS

COMPOSITION OF FEEDSTUFF USED IN POULTRY FEED

Ingredients

CLASSIFICATION OF CHICKEN

CHICK CHECK POSTPLACEMENT

POULTRY DISEASES

Tour to feed Mill

LIGHT MANAGEMENT FOR LAYER

Feasibility Report for Layers Birds

Feasibility Report for Broilers

Glands ,Hormones,Functions And Structure

Break out analysis of hatchery eggs/Chick Development stages

MILKING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

BREEDING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING ANIMALS

BALANCED RATION FOR DAIRY and MEAT PRODUCER ANIMALS

REMOVAL OF EXTRA TEATS

CALCULATION OF CONCENTRATE ON THE BASIS OF FAT % IN MILK

VACCINATION SCHEDULE OF FARM ANIMALS

MOTT GRASS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

DE WORMING ,DIPPING

PROLAPSE

Identification method in Farm animals

DISBUDDING

NAVAL CORD CARE, OMPHLITIS,HERNIA, septicaemia

DETERMINATION OF FAT PERCENTAGE Of MILK

MILK ACIDITY TEST