Pakistan With Nimble

Highest Polo Ground (Shandur Polo Festival) Pakistan.

2011-05-06T06:03:00.000-07:00

The world’s Highest Polo Ground

Imaginative overview

Just for a moment race up your horses of imagination and reach a place where there are the highest mountains around you. There is nothing around you except high peaks and a grassy flat ground beneath you. There are no trees. The sky seems very close to you. You have the feeling that you can touch the sky. There is a light cold breeze blowing. When you inhale the air that does feel so pure and clear. When you look at the grassy ground, an idea comes into your mind. You think that the conditions are ideal for something that would entertain, refresh and introduce you and your place to the world. But what to do? Then you take a view of the culture of the area. The bravery of the people, available resources and traditions inspire you and you think that the place is ideal to have Polo here. Now give a rein to your horses of imagination. Just pack your bag and reach Shandur to have the remarkable memories of your life in the highest polo ground of the world.

History of Polo

Sometimes, imagination leads you to give birth to a big event or festival. It has been the history that the emperors and the rulers have imagined the peace and harmony with such kind beauties and blessings of the nature. Beauty of nature always gives you the soft feelings and games give you the power of decision and bit positive kind of rigidity. Both attributes are necessary to make a real human being. Polo is called the game of games.

Polo has its origin from Central Asia started back in 6th BC. At first it was a training exercise for the cavalry of King’s guards. Initially there were 100 players in each side. It was like a miniature battle. Polo became the national game of Persia (Iran), and then it spread to Arabian countries and later on in Tibet, China and Japan.

Geographical Introduction

Shandur pass is about 12,200 high above the sea level. It is located in Northern Areas of Pakistan. Shandur is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral to the Gilgit in Pakistan. Pass is a route between mountain ranges. At this place three mountain ranges, Hindukash, Pamir and Karakaram meet. This is the reason why it is called the Roof of the World. The Shandur Pass is flat, a plateau and can be crossed in late April and early November. People of Shandur speak Khowar language.

Shandur Polo Festival

In 1920s, the ruler of Moskuj (a place between Chitral & Gilgit) was told by his King to promote integration within his realm through a polo match among best players. Col Evelyn Hey Cobb, a polo player himself, introduced an idea of having a polo tournament in the Shandur Pass. They decided to have a tournament among the best teams of Chitral and Gilgit. From that day,every year there is a polo tournament played on Shandur Top between rival teams from Chitral and Gilgit. This polo tournament is held in July every year. This is being held since 1936 annually. Shandur polo ground is considered to be the highest polo ground in the world. Except polo there are other festivities like folk music, dancing and camping village are also set up.

Unique about Polo in Shandur

As you have read earlier that Shandur is the highest Polo ground of the world. This is at the height of 12,200 feet. Another thing is that the Polo is played here according to the old ancient rules. Theses are the rules set by the people who originally invented. You will find polo in its purest form here. Interesting about Shandur is that it is a No Tree zone.

Fairy Meadows Pakistan

2011-05-04T04:12:00.000-07:00

“HEAVEN ON EARTH”

SOME WORDS

Natural beauty is un matched and at its best in northern areas of Pakistan. This part of the country is famous all around the world because of sky high mountains, lush green valleys, mighty rivers, beautiful lakes, and amazing wildlife. In short, you can find all natural beauty in the area. Among the other beautiful places in North Pakistan, there are Fairy Meadows which are famous around the globe for its natural beauty. This is undoubtedly outstanding natural beauty. These meadows are situated at the base of Nanga Parbat in Astore District of Gilgit Baltistan province. Nanga parbat is the 9th highest mountain of the world with elevation of 8,125m. Nanga Parbat is called the Killer Mountain because it is very difficult to climb that’s why is the deadliest mountain in the world. The view of Nanga Parbat is breathtaking from the fairy meadows. Fairy meadows are great attraction for polo lovers, mountaineers, photographers, climbers etc.

This beautiful place is located in front of the North face of the Killer Mountain, Nanga Parbat and at the bottom of the Raikot Glacier. These meadows are located on the south of Karakaram Highway and Indus River. By reaching Raikot bridge there is the journey of one and half hour to reach the point from where you start the journey towards fairy meadows. Then the path becomes narrow and you can not continue traveling by jeeps. The only way to reach the site is hiking. This upward journey takes two and half hours, although it becomes very tiring but you enjoy the beauty at its beast and set aside all other feelings other than the magic of the place. If you want to reach the base camp which is called Beyal camp of Nanga Parbat you have to walk through the beautiful pine forest of the fairy meadows. There are birch trees, beautiful streams and a beautiful lake surrounded by the trees. There are famous fairy meadow cottages. In front of these cottages you will find famous Pari Mahal or Fairy Palace. This name was given by a Japanese photographer Fujita Heroki. This meadow accommodates the most of the visitors who come to see the Nanga Parbat. If you really want to enjoy the beauty of the area and the glory of Nanga Partabt then there is no place other than the fairy meadows. The name, Fairy Meadows was given by an Austrian climber with the name Hermann Buhl. This is the man who climbed the Nanga Parbat for the first time in 1953. Many of the visitors and climbers are of the view that this is the best place to see on earth.

FOR TOURISTS

The place is very tourist friendly. You can find tents and food easily there. Although food is bit expensive but accommodation is available at reasonable rates. But you can cook yourself because meat, pulses and potatoes are available. The best time to visit the are is June-July because you can access the are only in summers. In winters place is closed due to heavy snowfall.

It is truly called heaven on Earth. Get ready and have a beautiful journey to the Fairy Meadows in Pakistan.

Heavenly Beauty Pakistan.

2011-04-26T03:04:00.000-07:00

Pakistan, A Treasure Trove of Wonders. But we care!

ABBOTTABAD,HAZARA, PUKHTUNKHWA,PAKISTAN.

MAJOR ABBOTT.

Abbottabad is a small neat and clean town in a spacious valley surrounded by green hills. It is a popular summer resort, located at the end of Murree-Abbottabad hill tract at a height of 1,220 meters, noted for its verdant parks, gardens, golf course and pine covered hills. Abbottabad, apart from being famous for its educational institutions and Military Academy, also serves as the gateway to most beautiful places in Pakistan.

Abbottabad is the gateway to the formidable Karakorams, the enchanting Himalayas and the deadly Hindukush. The great Karakurram Highway passes right through the heart of the city. Due to that, Abbottabad continues to be a transit city for tourists. Abbottabad is the junction from where one can go to places like Hunza, Gilgit, Skardu and Indus Kohistan, of the Karakoram Range. One can reach Swat, Swati Kohistan, Dir and Chitral of the Hindukush Range. One can approach Naran, Saif-ul-Muluk Lake, Shogran and Babusar Pass of the Himalayan Range. Neelum, Lipa and Jhelum Valley of beautiful Azad Kashmir are also connected through Abbottabad.

While other hill stations are deserted during winter this place has visitors due to the bracing winter. The place has beautiful gardens, Jinnah Garden, Ladies Garden and another garden maintained by the Cantonment Board. To the splendid stretch of turf with plenty of room for polo, football, hockey and golf. At the back of the station, to the West, is the Brigade Center, ideal for walks and picnic. The Cantonment area of Abbottabad is still very British. The European bungalows, the club, the church and cemetery are still there. Abbottabad is an hour's drive from Nathiagali, the summer capital of the North West Frontier Province, emerging steeply through beautiful valleys with trees right to the riverbed.

Nature Tourism Services

Nature Tourism Services was established in year 1997. Nature Tourism Services are licensed tour operators and are approved by the Department of Tourist Services, Government of Pakistan.Provide services like, package tours, hotel bookings, transport arrangements, event management, seminars and conference arrangement.

Ayubia Chair Lifts.
A cluster of four small hill stations of Khanaspur, Khairagali, Changlagali and Ghora Dhaka is called Ayubia and was named after former President Ayub Khan. The complex is spread over an area of 26 KM. The central place of Ghora Dhaka has Chair Lifts, which gives a panoramic and mesmerizing view of the surrounding. Ayubia is 38 KM from Abbottabad.

Dungagali.

Dungagali is a picturesque small resort situated on the slopes of the Mukshpuri hill (2,376 meters.). It commands a charming view of a series of wooded spurs projecting towards the river Jhelum on the western side. From Dungagali one can climb the 2,813 meters peak of Mukhshpuri, which is the highest point in the range. Natural springs abound on the slopes. It is 34 KM from Abbottabad.

Nathiagali.

Nathiagali is clad in pine, walnut, oak and maple trees, is the prettiest hill resort in the Galliat region. It can be approached both from Murree and Abbottabad. It is 32 KM from Abbottabad as well as from Murree. Nathiagali is 2501 meter above sea level and is surrounded by lush green lofty mountains. Breathtaking landscapes, spring water and fresh air make it one of the most peaceful hill stations in Nathiagali.
Nathiagali is clad in pine, walnut, oak and maple trees, is the prettiest hill resort in the Galliat region. It can be approached both from Murree and Abbottabad. It is 32 KM from Abbottabad as well as from Murree. Nathiagali is 2501 meter above sea level and is surrounded by lush green lofty mountains. Breathtaking landscapes, spring water and fresh air make it one of the most peaceful hill stations in Pakistan.
Thandiani.

Thandiani means “cold” in the local language. Therefore being a cool place it got the name of “Thandiani”. It is 2,700 meters above sea level on a small plateau surrounded by pine forests. This beautiful spot can easily be approached from Abbottabad, and is 31 KM from main Abbottabad City and 25 KM from Thandiani-Nathiagali crossing. The drive takes more or less 80 minutes from Abbottabad with lovely views on both sides of the road. The road rises more than 1,219 meters above Abbottabad. On the way along with tall majestic pine trees you come across groups of monkeys. The major place on the way is Kalapani at 23 KM from Abbottabad. It has a beautiful local Dak bungalow. Hule Ka Danna is about two KM North of Thandiani. It is one of the most beautiful glades in the region.
Thandiani offers lush green lovely views. At night the lights of Abbottabad District and Azad Kashmir are clearly visible. To the East beyond the Kunhar River, may be seen the snow covered mountain ranges of Kashmir, to the North and NorthEast, the mountains of Kohistan and Kaghan are sighted, to the NorthWest are the snowy ranges of Swat and Chitral.

History

Abbottabad was a city of British India, the headquarters of Hazara Division (then a district), and named after its founder, Major James Abbott. Abbott settled this district in 1853 after the annexation of the Punjab, and became its first Deputy Commissioner. It was an important military cantonment and sanatorium, being the headquarters of a brigade in the second division of the northern army corps. In 1901 the population of the town and cantonment was 7764. Before leaving Abbottabad, Major Abbott wrote a poem Abbottabad. Point of interest for Tourism in Abbottabad.

Some Beautiful Places and Buildings in Abbottabad.

Tirch Mir.

2011-04-20T00:25:00.000-07:00

FACT FILE:

Geographical Location:

35°53'0.49"N
76°30'49.15"E

Physical Location:

Chitral NWFP Pakistan Hindukush Pakistan

Elevation : 7708 m
Best Climbing Months:

June, July, August

Year First Climbed:

1950

First Climber(s)

Arne Naess,
P Kvern berg,
H. Berg.
Ranking

highest Mountain In Hindukush range

Tirich Mir like Rakaposhi and Nanga Parbat to the east, is known for being the home of 'Peris' called "fairies" in english. The Tirich valley parallels the Turikho Valley and is separated from it by a 15 mile-long flat-topped ridge which averages about 12,500 feet in elevation. The ideal way to reach this ridge, for its unsurpassed views of the high peaks in the Hindu Kush, is to climb Zani An (12,500). Zani An is situated between Shagram and a mile higher than Drasan, thus it is most easily approached from the Tirich valley, because the climb is 2,000 feet less from this side.The ridgetop in both directions from the pass is quite level, inviting you to stroll along it and view the spectacular Hindu Kush peaks from Tirich Mir to Saraghrar and north.
The traditional route to the peak passes through Chitral - Reshun - Kuragh - Khosht - Drassan - Zani pass - Shagram and Shaikh Naik. After a two-hour jeep drive on Chitral-Mastuj road one has to take a direct route from Perpish to Barum village and then through the glacier of the same name (Barum) to the peak. This route is, however, recommended for those who have already acclimatized themselves with high-altitude-climbing; otherwise there is a great danger of high altitude sickness.

Tirich Main peak (7,708m/25,288ft) was climbed for the first time in 1950 by a Norwegian expedition which was lead by Arne Naess. The other members of the expedition included P. Kvern berg and H. Berg. The expedition was also accompanied by Professor Hameed Beg of the Karakoram Club (Pakistan) who reached an altitude of over 6,096m/20,000ft quite a feat in those times. Captain Tony Streather of Chitral Scouts tagged alongwith the expedition from Drosh and eventually climbed Tirich Mir.

The first major attempt by Pakistanis was the Karakoram Club's expedition to Tirich Mir in 1951. The expedition was led by Mian Abdul Rauf and consisted of Daud Beg, Arshad Munir and Captain Shaukat Malik. It set up three advance camps and reached 6,553m/21,500ft before abandoning the attempt due to shortage of supplies.

The first major attempt by Pakistanis was the Karakoram Club's expedition to Tirich Mir in 1951. The expedition was led by Mian Abdul Rauf and consisted of Daud Beg, Arshad Munir and Captain Shaukat Malik. It set up three advance camps and reached 6,553m/21,500ft before abandoning the attempt due to shortage of supplies.

It was in 1982 that a German by the name of Fritz Stammberger tried to climb, all alone, a subsidiary peak of Tirich Mir (7,701 m/25,267ft). He could go up to (6,096/20,000ft) when he was hit by an avalanche and sustained minor head and face injuries. Upon returning to base camp he met an American expedition of Knauth, Peter Newell and Dr. Bill Bartlett from whom he received medical treatment. Tirich Mir (E):- It has a height of 7,692m/25,236ft and was climbed in 1964 by a Norwegian expedition which was again led by Arne Naess, who had headed the successful 1950 Tirich Mir (Main) expedition. Two members, R. Hoibakk and A. Opdal, reached top of Tirich Mir (E). Tirich Mir (West II):- It is about 7,500m/24,607ft high, and was climbed in 1974 by Beppe Re and Guido Machetto of an Italian expedition. After establishing base camp, the party set up two additional camps. In order to acclimatize itself with high altitude climbing, the party also climbed an already-climbed Dirgol Zom peak.

Tirich Mir (West I): Its height is 7,487m/24,563ft. The peak was climbed in 1967 by a Czechoslovak expedition led by Vladimir Sed ivy. It is, however, doubtful whether this was the first ever climb on the peak by this party. The party is stated to have climbed it by the north-west col. J. Cervinka, I. Galfy, V. Smida and I. Urbanovic reached the top. In addition to the above climb, the party made quite a few climbs on other mountains. Some of them were the first-ever climbs.

The fifth highest peak in the Tirich Mir range is Tirich Mir (West Ill) which is 7,400m/24,278ft high. It was climbed in 1974 by Groupe Universitaire de Montagne et de Ski of France and was led by Guy Lucazeau and Bernard Amy. The sixth peak of the Tirich Mir range is Tirich Mir (West IV) - 7,338m/24,075ft. It was climbed in 1967 by Kurt Diemberger and Dietmar Proske through the very difficult north face. Diemberger also made the first circle around the Tirich Mirs. The purpose was to carry-out geological survey of the area. His route passed through Shagram (above Zani pass) Atak Banduk - Shaikh Naik - Tirich glacier - Ano glacier - Lower Gazikistan glacier - Arkari valley - Owir pass - Barum -Lethzom - Atak and back to Shagram.

Another interesting peak in the Tirich Mir range is un-named with a height of 7,100m/23,294ft. This peak is situated to the south of Tirich Mir (Main) peak. It is therefore better to call it Tirich Mir (South). Yet another interesting peak of the range is northern spur of Tirich Mir which is stated to be 7,056m/23,149ft high. It was climbed in 1965 by Kurt Diemberger, Herwig Handler and Fritz Lindner of a German - Austrian expedition.

Tirich Mir (Little) (6,550m/21 ,489ft) can be considered as the last peak in the Tirich Mir range. The peak was attempted by Pak-Karakoram Club expedition in 1951 but was eventually climbed in 1969 by the British-Pak Army Mountaineering expedition which was led by Maj. J. W. Fleming of the British Army. Captain Mumtaz Khan and Lieutenant Azhar Hussain represented the Pakistan Army. The party approached the peak from Chitral via Shogor, Beshgram, Susum, Lasht and Owir pass, Awi and South Barum glacier. Captain M.W.H. Day, Captain R.A. Summerton and Corporal J. Anderson were able to climb the peak. The party indicates its height as 6,361m/20,869ft. Tirich Mir still holds its attraction and lure for enthusiastic.

In the last but least Beautiful Scene from Tirich Mir.

Kalasha Valleys.

2011-04-19T06:40:00.000-07:00

FACT FILE:

Geographical Location:
35°42'18.30"N
71°41'52.73"E
Physical Location:
Northwest in the N.W.F.P province of Pakistan bordering Afghanistan in the Hindukush Range
Total Area:

Altitude:

Best Time to Visit:
May to October

The Kalash or Kalasha, are a Caucasoid ethnic group that lives in the Hindu Kush region of Pakistan. Located in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, the Kalash people live in three isolated mountain valleys Bumboret, Rumbur and Birir.
Their neighbors, the Nuristani call them Kasivo. The Kalash are probably an ancient Dard people who speak the Kalasha-mun language. Many Kalash claim that they are the direct descendants of either Greek settlers, Alexander the Great's army, or even Alexander himself. The climate is typical of high elevation regions without large bodies of water to regulate the temperature. The summers are mild and agreeable with average maximum temperatures between 23° and 27°C Winters, on the other hand, can be very cold, with average minimum temperatures between 2° and 1°C. The average yearly precipitation is 700 to 800mm.

Culture;

The region is extremely fertile, covering the mountainside in rich oak forests and allowing for intensive agriculture, despite the fact that most of the work is done not by machinery, but by hand. The powerful and dangerous rivers that flow through the valleys have been harnessed to power grinding mills and to water the farm fields through the use of ingenious irrigation channels. Wheat, maize, grapes (generally used for wine), apples, and walnuts are among the many foodstuffs grown in the area, along with surplus fodder used for feeding the livestock.
Their unique culture and belief system differs drastically from the various ethnic groups surrounding them. The Kalash believe in various deities Mahadeo (Khodai, the Khowar word for God is also used), and worship other deities that offer protection to different aspects of life (such as Jeshtak, who represents family, pregnant mothers, and marriage). It is suggested that they are based on the Proto-Indo-European religion, similar to the twelve Olympian gods of Ancient Greece. Nature plays a highly significant and spiritual role in their daily life. As part of their religious tradition, sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three valleys. Presently, these self-sufficient farmers are moving towards a cash-based economy whereas previously wealth was measured in livestock and crops.

They celebrate the Joshi (spring) festival at the end of May each year, which they gauged by the movement of the sun. The first day of Joshi is "Milk Day", on which the Kalash offer libations of milk that have been saved for ten days prior to the festival. Kalash women usually wear long black robes, often embroidered with cowries shells. Men have adopted the Pakistani shalwar kameez, while children wear small versions of adult clothing after the age of four.
In contrast to the surrounding Pakistani culture, the Kalash do not in general separate males and females or frown on contact between the sexes. However, menstruating girls and women are sent to live in the "bashaleni", the village menstrual building, during their periods, until they regain their "purity". They are also required to give birth in the bashaleni. There is also a ritual restoring "purity" to a woman after childbirth which must be performed before a woman can return to her husband. The husband is an active participant in this ritual. Kalash women breastfeed in public. Although some marriages are arranged by families, Kalash boys and girls can also propose and arrange their own marriages.

The Kalash have been ruled by the Mehtar of Chitral since the 1700s and have enjoyed a cordial relationship with the major ethnic group of Chitral, the Kho. The multi-ethnic and multi-religious State of Chitral ensured that the Kalash were able to live in peace and harmony and practice their culture and religion. The Nuristani, their neighbors in the region of former Kafiristan east of the border, were invaded in the 1890s and forced to convert to Islam by Amir Abdur-Rahman of Afghanistan and their land was renamed Nuristan.

Prior to that event, the people of Kafiristan had paid tribute to the Mehtar of Chitral and accepted his suzerainty. This came to an end with the Durand Agreement when Kafiristan fell under the Afghan sphere of Influence. Recently, the Kalash have been able to stop their demographic and cultural spiral towards extinction and have, for the past 30 years, been on the rebound. Increased international awareness, a more tolerant government, and monetary assistance has allowed them to continue their way of life.

Tourism now makes up a large portion of the economic activities of the Kalash. Before departing to the valleys one must first register one's name at the town of Chitral. People attempting to enter the valleys have to pay a toll to the Pakistani government, which they claim will be used to preserve and care for the Kalash people and their culture.
Travelers should refrain from interfering with or patronizing the locals. The villages are more heavily visited by tourists than ever before and the Holy festivals are very serious to them and joining in or gawking at their practices is considered very rude.

Famous festivals:
Joshi or Chilimjush :

14th and 15th of May. During this festival flowers are plucked, dance sessions are held and exchange of dairy products takes place.

Utchal:

Mid July. Celebrated to mark harvest season with dancing, singing and feasting for two days.
Phool:

20th to 25th September to celebrate the ripening of grapes and walnuts. They never touch grapes before this festival.
Chaumont:
Held in December from 15 to 21. This festival is celebrated with great pump and show on the onset of New Year. A number of interesting events mark this festival.
Mrachiwaki Joshi:
25 May Held ten days after the Joshi. After dividing and eating newly made cheese at the altar of Mahandeo, dances and songs continue.
Rat Nat :
July - August. Dancing and singing at night continue for one month.
Uchao:
Mid of August. Newly made cheese is brought from the pastures. Ceremony is held at the altar of Mahandeo. Dancing and singing take place until dawn.
Prechieishi:
November. Goats are sacrificed to Mahandeo by each clan in thanks for the harvest and health.
Biramor:
November.Very rare festival held only in November in which a man wishing to gain honour in the society slaughters many of his own goats and entertains a large majority of the Kalasha. It takes place once in several years.
Sariack:
November - December.Wedding party. She-goats are sacrificed to Jeshtak and prayers are offered for the couple. Dance and songs.
Pu and Budalak;
October. Festival only held in Biriu. Dancing and singing continue for three days. After Pu, grapes are allowed to be harvested. After that, a festival is held for the Budalak who returns from long stay in the pastures. He is a young goatherd who has some special sexual power and privileges.
Accessibility:

The journey from Islamabad and Peshawar to Kalash takes approximately 12-14 hours. It takes about 14-15 hours to reach Gilgit over Shandur Pass.
Pakistan International Airlines has a daily flight between Chitral and Peshawar International Airport. The flying time is approximately 50 minutes and the flight is scenic. These flights, however, are subject to the clearance of weather and in winters, flights are often delayed

Why Pakistan?

2011-04-18T00:15:00.000-07:00

Importance of Pakistan according to place.
Pakistan is a country of astonishing beauty and diversity, not to mention clear blue skies, stunning mountains and friendly, courteous people. Pakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to word’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Pakistan is a land of infinite options. You can mingle with the crowds in one of the more sophisticated beach resorts or wander through the historic cities like Lahore, Harappa, Moenjodoro. If it’s an activity holiday you’re looking for, Pakistan is one of Asia’s premier trekking and expedition destinations.

Nowhere in the world is such a great concentration of high mountains, peaks, glaciers, and passes except in Pakistan. Of the 14 over 8,000 meters high peaks on our earth planet, four occupy an amphitheatre at the head of Baltoro Glacier in the Karakoram Range: K-2 (8,611 meters, originally called Chogo-ri which in Balti language 'king of the mountains,' of all the world's mountains second only to Mount Everest), Gasherbrum-I (8,068 meters), Broad Peak (8,047 meters) and Gasherbrum-II (8,035 meters). There is yet another, which is equally great, Nanga Parbat (8,126 meters), located at the western most corner of the Himalayas. There are 42 other peaks which are higher than all the highest peaks of the other continents. In addition to that, there are 160 peaks over 7,000 meters and 700 others over 6,000 meters. The Northern Pakistan is also home to some of the longest glaciers outside Polar region; Siachen (72 kilometers), Hispar (61 kilometers), Biafo (60 kilometers), Baltoro (60 kilometers) and Batura (64 kilometers). Besides the high mountains, Northern Areas' longest glaciers including the Godwin Austin, Abruzzin and Baltoro which meet at Concordia forms the largest glacial lake at a height of 4720 meters.Two more ranges, by unique comparison minor in size, thrust their sinews and limbs into the Pamir Knot: the Pir Panjal with its peaks of just over 20,000 feet, and China's celestial mountain, the Kun Lun. Where these ranges merge, they form what many regard as the most impressive landscape that sometime recalls Shangri-La. This concentration makes northern Pakistan a trekkers' paradise.
The enchanting valleys of Hunza, Shigar, Khaplu, Ishkuman, Naltar, Gilgit, Skardu, Chitral, Kalash and the glacial lakes like Kachura, Satpara,Lalusar, and Saiful Muluk add unmatched grandeur to the beauty of the rugged mountains. The Northern Areas with its flora and fauna; the wildlife which can be seen in the form of snow leopards, ibexes and urials; and the variety of people who live in these areas with their diverse cultural heritage and millennia-old civilizations form a paradise for the tourists, trekkers, and mountaineers from all around the world.

You could try your hand at big game fishing or horse riding, learn how to windsurf or water ski. Other unmissable experiences include Qawwali (Pakistan’s answer to soul music), country fairs where centuries-old folk traditions are lovingly reenacted, and mouthwatering Pakistani and Moghul foods. Pakistan is a country ripe for discovery.
Located in South Asia, Pakistan shares an eastern border with India and a north-eastern border with China. Iran makes up the country’s south-west border, and Afghanistan runs along its western and northern edge. The Arabian Sea is Pakistan’s southern boundary with 1,064 km of coastline.

The terrain varies from rugged and mountainous to flat, alluvial plains. Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan, is situated on the shores of the Arabian Sea near the mouth of the Indus.The streets are lively with hundreds of street restaurants, teahouses, samosa and juice stalls. Boats can be hired to sail out of the harbor.
Lahore, is a historic, bustling city with buildings of pink and white marble. There is plenty to see: bazaars, the Badshahi Mosque – one of the largest mosques in the world and an example of Moghul architecture rivaled only by the Taj Mahal.
Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan since 1963, and Rawalpindi, are both located on the Potohar Plain. The old part of the town boasts fine examples of local architecture and the narrow streets are crammed with bazaars where craftsmen are still using traditional methods.

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN

2011-04-17T04:21:00.000-07:00

State Logo.

Flag.

Music Sheet of Pakistani National Anthem.

Pakistan Natioal Song in Urdu.

Pakistan national song in English
ENGLISH TRANSLATION.
Blessed be the sacred Land
Happy be the bounteous realm
Symbol of high resolve
Land of Pakistan
Blessed be thou citadel of faith

The order of this sacred land
Is the might of the brotherhood of the People
May the nation, the country, and the state
Shine in glory everlasting
Blessed be the goal of our ambition

This Flag of the Crescent and Star
Leads the way to progress and perfection
Interpreter of our past, glory of our present
Inspiration of our future
Symbol of Almighty's protection

Great Leader and Founder of Pakistan Quid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah (R.A).

National Poet, Philosopher & the Thinker of Pakistan Doctor. Allama Muhammed Iqbal (R.A).

First Prime Minister of Pakistan Mr. Nawab Liaqat Ali Khan.

Mother of the Nation (Mader-e-Millat) Miss Fatima Jinnah.

National Flower of Pakistan - Jasmine
Chambeli

National Bird of Pakistan - Chukar (Red Legged Partridge).

National Animal of Pakistan
The Markhor (Capra falconeri) is a Goat Antelope found in sparse woodland in the Western Himalayas.

National Fruit of Pakistan, Mangifera Indica (immature Black Mango Fruit).

National Tree of Pakistan - Deodare (Himalayan Cedar).

National Mosque In Islamabad (Capital of Pakistan).

Hockey - National Game of Pakistan.

Imran Khan with 1992 World Cup Trophey.

Pakistani Cricket Team (T-20 Champion).

National Hero Mr. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan (A. Q. Khan) Founder of Pakistani Nuclear Bomb mostly known as Islamic Bomb. Due to him Pakistan become the 1st Islami & World 7th Nuclear State.

Heroes of Pakistan (Guards of Pakistan) (Nishan-e-Haider).

Proud To Be Pakistani

Beautiful Colors of Pakistan.

Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir(Pakistan).

2011-04-16T02:26:00.000-07:00

Muzaffarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir, is situated on the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. It is at a distance of 138 Km from Rawalpindi/Islamabad (Pakistan) and about 100 Km from Leepa. Muzaffarabad, once known as Chakrhi Bahk, derives its present name from Sultan Muzaffar Khan, a chief of the Bamba Dynasty established in 1662. Cradled by lofty mountains is a complex of old and new buildings of Muzaffarabad city, cotaining a blend of varied cultures and languages. There are two historical forts - the Red Fort and the Black fort situated at the opposite side of the Neelum river. The river streams proudly through the hubub of the town, joining river Jhelum at Domel and plays a dominant role in the micro-climate of Muzaffarabad. There are numerous religious Shrines of Sufi Saints in Muzaffarabad; Shrines of Sakhi Saheli Sarkar, Shah Anyat Wali and Dhani Mai Sahiba being the most notable.

Popular Attractions:

Muzaffarabad is a wonderful destination for trekking enthusiasts. There are a number of trekking trails that pass thorough some spectacular scenic spots in Muzaffarabad. Muzaffarabad has a number of beautiful monuments, farms and parks.

Pirchinassi -

the awe-inspiring locus, with an altitude of 3110m, it is located 32 Km east of Muzaffarabad. The facinating beauty of the place wins the admiration of nature lovers. The view of the summit at the neighbouring mountain peaks spell bounds of tourists. The devotees of Saint Pirchinassi come in large numbers to pay homage at the Shrine.

Neelum Valley -

about 200 Km long the picturesque Neelum Valley is situated at the North & North-East of Muzaffarabad, running parallel to Kaghan Valley. The two valleys are only separated by snow-covered peaks, some over 4000m above sea-level. Excellent scenic beauty, panaromic views, towering hills on both sides of the noisy Neelum river, lush green forests, enchanting streams and attractive sorroundings make the valley a dream come true.

Athmuqam - is situated at a height of 1371m, it is the sub-divisional headquarters of the area. An attractive place known for its variety of fruit. All neceassary facilities viz bazaar, post office, banks, hospital, telephone exchange are present.

Neelum - at a distance of about 9 Km from Athmuqam, Neelum is situated on the right bank of the river Neelum at 1524m above sea-level with facinating scenery.The panaromic lush green valley is profound in fruit and wildlife.

Sharda - a breath-taking green spot at an altitude of 1981m. Shardi and Nardi are two mountain peaks overlooking the valley, reputedly named after legendary princess Sharda. It has a captivating landscape with numerous springs and hill-sides covered with trees. On the right bank, opposite Sharda, the Neelum is joined by the Surgan Nallah along which a track leads to Nurinar Pass and through it to the Kaghan Valley. Ruins of an old Buddhist University can also be found in Sharda.
Kel -

a small valley situated at a height of 2097m. This is an another picturesque place in the Neelum Valley. The Shounter Nallah joins river Neelum at this place and leads to Gilgit Agency (Northern Areas) over the Shandur Pass at 4420m.

Jhelum Valley

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the curling Jehlum river passes through from East to West between the high green mountains joining river Neelum at Domel in Muzaffarabad. An artifical lake at Subri was created due to a cloud burst over the sorrounding hill during 1975. Further along the road, 24 Km from Muzaffarabad is located the small town of Ghari Dupata. A further 35Km, lies the famous town of Chakothi. This place sees a large concentration of troops because of the promixity of the Cease-Fire-Line and the constant agression by Indian forces. Other notable places of interst in the valley are Chikar, Loonbagla, Lungian and Danna, all known for their scenic beauty and healthy climate.

Leepa Valley -

this is the most fascinating valley in Azad Kashmir. A fair-weather road branches off for Leepa from Naile 45 Km from Muzaffarabad, climbs over Reshian Gali at 3200m high and then descends into the Leepa Valley. It spell-bounds everyone who visists this valley. Dao Khan is well recognised for its natural beauty and renowned for its calm and peaceful atomsphere. Deep in the heart of the valley lies Leepa village at 1921m above sea-level. Its lush green river fields in summer and typical wooden Kashmiri houses present a wonderful view. Walnut, apples, cherries and honey of Leepa are very popular.

Muzaffarabad Fort:

generally known as Red Fort, traces back a checquered history. It is said that construction of the fort was initially taken up by the Chuk rulers to counter the offensives of the intruders. However, Sultan Muzaffarabad Khan, the founder of Muzaffarabad town, finally completed it in 1646. During the Mughal rule in Kashmir this Fort lost its importance, as they were more interested in other parts of their empire. But when Durrani's over-took the rule of this area, it again came in to limelight and its importance was recovered. Afterwards during the Dogra rule of Maharaja Ghulab Singh and Maharaja Ranbir Singh, the Fort was reconstructed and extended according to their political and militarial requirements. However, towards the end of 1947 the Dogra's fled away leaving the fort wide open to anybody. Since then it has braved devastating floods, ravages of time, and other hazards to project its inherent glory and historical background.

Shaheed Gali:

The comely beauty of the place attracts a restive mind to prolong his stay. The picturesque Shaheed Gali, situated at the height of about 1640 meters above sea level is at a distance of about 16 kilometers westward from Muzaffarabad. From Shaheed Gali a trek of 4 Kms leads towards a wholesome spot namely "Sri Kot". A tourist is bound to be fascinated by the serenity for the backdrop of the area. A Tourist Rest House is available for accommodation at Shaheed Gali.
Being the capital city is not only the hub of political and cultural activities but it also serves as a base camp for the tourists. It has various spots of leisure. View point Sathra, a public place, unravels the panorama of the entire city before a beholder. The junction point of the river Neelum and Jhelum presents a majic beauty from here. Lohar Gali, situated 9 kilometers from Muzaffarabad on Abbottabad road. The Red fort is a witness to the ancient history of this great city. The local market in Muzaffarabad can be explored for walnut carvings, kashmiri shawls and other traditional handicrafts. It is always possible to get a good bargain. It has besides official buildings; farms, parks and historic fort standing on the bank of the Neelum. Shopping is an exciting activity in Muzaffarabad and you can shop for Kashmiri shawls and walnut carvings.

Ath’muqam

It is situated at a height of 1371m, it is the sub-divisional headquarters of the area and is an attractive place known for its variety of fruit. All necessary facilities like bazaar, post office, banks, hospital, and telephone exchange are present.
The awe-inspiring locus, with an altitude of 3110m, it is located 32 Km east of Muzaffarabad. The fascinating beauty of the place wins the admiration of nature lovers. The view of the summit at the neighboring mountain peaks spell bounds of tourists.

Halmat or Taobat.

The border village about 49 kilometers ahead of Kel is a fascinating but unexplored sight. The area from Kel to Taobat is called the Halmat. Janawai, Sardari and Halmat are the most beautiful places of this area. A tourist rest house has been constructed at Halmat to
Dowarian.

Dowarian is situated about 13 kilometers from Neelum at an altitude of 1615 meters. It is surrounded by mountains full of pine trees. About 30 km from here, a track goes deep inside Rattigali Pass, which connects Neelum and Kaghan Valley. A high alpine lake (4000m),

Kundal Shahi/Kutton.

Kutton was our first rest stop, and is situated 10 km from Kundal Shahi. A road going west follows the Jagran River and climbs up to Kutton. There are some rest houses belonging to AJK Tourism department, and rest houses belonging to the hydro project management

One of the most beautiful Place in the world.(KAGHAN VALLEY)

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KAGHAN VALLEY.

One of the pleasures of visiting the Kaghan Valley is the picturesque drive from Rawalpindi to Abbottabad and onwards to Balakot, transferring to a four-wheel drive vehicle for the continuation of the journey to Naran, where the rest houses, hotels and motels are located. The Kaghan Valley is 154 Km long, rising to a height of 4,148m at Babusar Pass in the north. This is an ideal area for trekking and trout fishing and is a paradise for the botanist.

Lake Saif-ul-Muluk is one of the most popular scenic spots in the valley. This deep blue lake offers an awe-inspiring view of Mt. Malika Parbat - Queen of Mountains (5,291m). Shogran, Lake Lalusar and Babusar Pass are three places that make this Himalayan hideaway an unforgettable experience. The local people have retained their traditional hospitality and way of life. Time seems to stand still here when compared to the tumultuous roar of the nearby Kunhar River.
LAKE SAIF-UL-MULUK.

A short jeep ride from Naran brings us to enchanting Saif-ul-Muluk Lake. This lovely lake lies at a height of over 3,000m above sea level and is guarded by a ring of forbidding peaks. The crystal clear waters of the lake mirror the azure sky, with its complement of fluffy clouds and reflections of Malika Parbat Peak. The melting snows and glaciers of the mountains feed the lake through a myriad of torrents and streams.
BABUSAR PASS.

The summit of Babusar Pass (4148m) is reached after traversing 70 Km of narrow, winding road from Naran. Once the pass is attained, a fantastic panorama of eternally frozen peaks and windswept valleys lies before the visitor. Nanga Parbat (8125m) magnificent in her gleaming gown of snow can be seen on a clear day. Babusar Pass, gateway to the mountain passes linking Gilgit to the Kaghan Valley is only open from July to September, the remainder of the year it is buried under many tons of snow.
LALUSAR LAKE.

At the extreme northern end of the Kaghan Valley about 50 km from Naran on the Naran-Babusar road is Lalusar Lake, surrounded by clusters of wild flowers in a carpet of blue and gold. This is the source of the Kunhar River, which winds through the length of the valley. Lake Lalusar offers a splendid opportunity for fishing in dark blue waters surrounded by high mountains. The serene beauty and peace, which permeates the Kaghan Valley, makes this an ideal spot for relaxation and reflection.
LALAZAR.

The idyllic plateau of Lalazar lies at an altitude of 3,000 m and is two and half hour jeep drive from Naran. The air here is cool and pleasantly redolent with the scent of the surrounding forest of pine and fir. The plateau offers plenty of opportunities for relaxing, mountaineering, hiking, and nature watching.
SHOGRAN.

highly recommended side trip. About 12 km from the village of Kawai, on the main road, a steep climb through dense forest of fir and pine brings you to a plateau of great scenic beauty. Here on the grassy plains one can experience the grandeur of Musa-ka Massala Peak (4,267m). Rest houses, hotels and huts for summer retreats are available for a tranquil holiday.

Swat Valley, Mini Switzerland of Pakistan, Pakistan.

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Introduction to Swat Valley
Swat pronounced with a soft "t"at the end, more like "swa'th" has not been found in ancient history. The region of Swat is mentioned in history with different name from time to time. At the Buddhist time (300 BC) the Swat was know as Udhyana (Garden). While the Chinese travelers dictionary mentioned swat as Soto. And its make sense that the recent form of name (Swat) is the distorted form of Soto.

Some of the tourists found swat like paradise on earth and they considered it the Switzerland of the East. The patriots pronounce it as Swat Zar land (the land which sprinkle gold). The word swat can be summarized as the land of snow, water, air (pleasant weather), and trees (forest). Swat is definitely one of the most fertile regions of Pakistan producing seasonable crops of Rice, wheat, Maize, vegetables and Fruits. Cultivation is carried out on every possible bit of land, even on the top of the enclosing hills is done through specialized terrace farming.

In short description swat is nature gifted land of fascinating landscapes, clear healthy climate, gushing crystal white water torrents, beautiful flora and fauna, welcoming peoples, historical sites, mesmerizing alpine lakes, modern resorts and attractive tourist destination in Pakistan. The valley is of great historical significance as it includes the remains of the Buddhist Ghandhara civilization. Ghandhara was a vast area extended from south of Sind to swat in north, where Bhuddism was at its peak. The art that developed in Ghandhara is known as Ghandhara Art.

It was specialized in settlement architecture and stone carving. This geographical region remained like a sandwich between the great powers of the past throughout the history from one period to another; this part lied in the corridor from west to east. Among the foreign intruders central Asia in the west, china and Tibet in the north, Iran and India in the south were chief exponents. In this motive the region was invaded from time to time and different ethnic groups arrived here using different routes by subduing the invaded population.

How the recent name Swat came in form?
Swat pronounced with a soft "t"at the end, more like "swa'th" has not been found in ancient history. The region of Swat is mentioned in history with different name from time to time. At the Buddhist time (300 BC) the Swat was know as Udhyana (Garden). While the Chinese travelers dictionary mentioned swat as Soto. And its make sense that the recent form of name (Swat) is the distorted form of Soto.

While the Greek mentioned Swat as "Asoconoi" during the invasion. But the word Asoconoi is not strong enough to form the recent shape of Swat. But there is another mention in history about greek:

The Historians of the Alexander the great wrote down and linked this land with river SWADISTU means pure, white water. Later on the word changed in to SWAD and then SWAT.

History also mentioned that the name Swat is the formation of Arabic word "Aswad" (Black). It is been so called Aswad due to the black physical structure of Swat Mountains. But later the name forms the recent shape "Swat".

The final conclusion is lying in the fact that when Mehmood Ghaznavi conquered Swat. He settled two tribes the Swati and Dalazak here to maintain the control of conquered area. As the Swati tribe was larger, the zone was called by the name of this tribe, Swat.

History of Swat from ASSAKENOI to ASHOKA (1500 - 300 BC)

The valley of Swat is of great historical significance including the cradle of many Buddhist part of Gandara. Gandara remains vast area extended from Sind in south to swat on north, where Buddhism was in peak. The art that developed in Gandara is known as Gandara Art. Gandara was specialized in settlement architecture and stone carving.

The itineraries and travelogues of the Tibetan and Chinese pilgrims who visited this scared land from time to time provide the reliable source of information on Swat valley. Due to specific geographical position of the valley kept sandwich between the great powers of the history from one period to another. The intrusion was from all side central Asians from west, chine’s and Tibetan from north. Iranian, and Indian from south. This is why the region in invaded population.

On the basis of the earliest reference found in RIG VEDA the ASSAKENOI occupied this part of land they were Burhaminic and organized people living in fortified cities and were traders of horses and cattle’s. Mahabarta reveilles that the ARYAN peoples migrated to this part of northern India between 1500-500 BC. They were settled along the bank of river swat. The remains of 17th century BC are also excavated at Aligrama a village on the Right bank of river swats on Kabul road. Swat was subjected by Iranian king DARIS in 518 BC. This was followed by a continuous tug of war between the rival tribes for annexation of the area for long period.

In the early 4th century BC recorded a new phase of development in swat. When Alexander the great cross the mountains through Kunar valley to Nawagai in to Masaga. After capturing Masaga the army split into two on crossed river swat at Chakdara moved north word to subdue the prosperous towns and the inhabitant of Bazira (Bari kot), )Ora (udigram).

Alexander moves with his mobile forces and crossed the river near Bandai to subdue the Manglawar about 18 km radius from Mingora. After the siege of Manglawar, the queen of the king IRNAS made peace deal with Alexander in Manglawar the n Alexander moved to Kund. Swat remains under the Greek administration from 327 to 307 BC, only for 20 years but it stamped deep impacts on its culture and social life of the people.

In 308 BC, king CHANDRA GUPTA MAURYAIN annexed the area in his territory. The Mauryan dynasty remained stable, secure and powerful up to the grandson of Chandra Gupta known as ASHOKA. ASHOKA was dedicated and faithful follower of Buddhism, he devoted all his resources to the propagation of Buddhist instructions and as a result Buddhism deeply penetrated in the culture of the whole region.

During this period, a large number of Stupas and monasteries were created, these monasteries were the center of learning and spreading of knowledge, books were copied, development of literature took place with the death of ASHOK in 232 BC, disintegration of the Murya dynasty started.

History of Swat from BACTRAIN till Yousafzai(300 BC - 1500 AD)
The BACTRAIN Greek king invaded the region in 185 BC. MENANDER was the most successful of their king between 155-130BC. The Bactrain was followed by SEYTHIAN also called Sakas; they were the central Asian nomadic tribe who was dislodged by YEUHI-CHI tribes from the shore of Aral Sea. The sythian were over thrown by PARTHIAN. Parthians were the Iranian people who brought Greek culture and western artistic culture in to the Gandhara. Ghandara school of Arts is developed during this period.

The Parthian rule was dismantled by KUSHANS in 60 AD. The kushan was a branch of the yeuhi-chi nomadic tribe. This period was the most significant rule of the history of the area. They not only ruled but also expanded the culture of this region beyond its boundaries. The western and eastern touches are combining in the image of Buddha. The touches are combining in the image of Buddha. The famous king kanishka built most of the religious monuments, who was a stronger preacher of this faith. He transformed Ghandhara in to a holy land.

WHITE HUNS (HEPHTALITA) a fierce barbarian from central Asia overthrows the kushans Dynasty. The Buddhists were forced to far-plung northern areas. While the end of Huns rule cause destruction and killing of monks, some escaped and took shelter in the mountains. The fall of white Huns calls TURK SHAHI and after them HINDU SHAHI occupied the area.

In the eleventh century SULTAN MAHMOOD GHAZNAVI defeated the last ruler of Hindu shahi known as Raja Gira under the command of khushal khan (pir khushhal Baba) at Udigram. The Ghaznavied were accompanied by Dilazaks pathan and swati pathan (both are pathan tribes) than after mohmood settle down pathan tribes while pushing the Aryan race natives in to the mountains. After hundreds of year the name of Ghandhara was replaced. The population was slowly converted in to Muslim by the efforts of Muslim kings and sufia where it presents 99.6% of the population representing Muslims strong hold.

The Gahaznavied were replaced by GURIED and continued by other Muslim rulers and different tribes from time to time. But what is important the arrival of YOUSAFZAI PAKHTUNS in swat I 1525 under the leadership of Malik Ahmad and Sheikh Mali with a possession to Dilazaks and the swati pathan. Sultan Owas was their king in Manglawer as their capital. After a tug of war between the yousafzai and swatis, The swatis ere ultimately expelled to Hazara in the Block Mountains. The yousafzai divided the land among the clans and became the landowners of the Valley.
Yousafzai Struggle for Surviving (Mughal - British)
The important aspect in swat history was the arrival of Yousafzai Pakhtuns in swat (1525) under the leadership of Malik Ahmad and Sheikh Mali with a possession to Dilazaks and the swati pathan. Sultan Owas was their king in Manglawer as their capital. After a tug of war between the yousafzai and swati's, The swati's ere ultimately expelled to Hazara in the Block Mountains. The yousafzai divided the land among the clans and became the landowners of the Valley.

The Mughal king Babar became worried over the growing power of Yousafzai, he attacked over swat, which was defended by Yousafzai after a peace deal. During the Akbar era Mughal and Sikhs once again tried to subdue the inhabitant of swat but they were retreated, Birbal and Abulfath lost their lives in this campaign. The mogul’s did not get any direct rules on swat valley but they had their political influence on other sources.

When Peshawar fell to British rules in 1849 the yousafzai became worried and tried to from government in the valley to preserve their independence. Akhund of swat played a vital role in the unity of Pakhtun tribes and formation of Islamic Pakhtun rule in swat valley. Sayed Akbar Shah (grandson of pir Baba of Buner) became their king in 1850, as proposed by Abdul Ghafoor(Akhund of Swat popularly known as Saidu Baba). Sayed Mubarik Shah became he king after the death of his father syed Akbar shah in may 11th 1857 but the unity was not processed onward.

During this period the British government also took interest in this part of the subcontinent and extended the British rule and also kept an eye on Russia and west. In 26th October 1863 Akhund of swat call jihad against the British rule (Battle of Bun er). The pathan tribes started resistance to the extension of British rule in swat and Buner. During the PATHAN UPRISING IN 1897,, Mullah Mastan (mad Mullah) and Sandal Mullah took part in reuniting or the swati's. The sheathed baa (spleen sheathed) and the British graveyard in Alaskan reveal the bloody story of resistance-faced bye the British government in Alaskan passes. Due to the importance of Alaskan pass, the territory of lower swat valley was declared a Alaskan Agency in 1901 by the British government.

In April 1915 Sayed Abdul Jab bar shah is made a king by a jirga in kabal but after two and half years of rule, he was unable to hold the pakhtuns and with the political and religious antagonist with the mianguls. However he was enforces by jirga to leave swat valley. Till 1917 the area remained a tribal society in which the conduct of citizens was governed bye pathan code of customs and traditions.

It was only in September 1917 it was again the Mianguls(the Grand sons of Saidu Baba) to reunite the swati's. The grandson of Akhud of swat Mianguls shahzada abdul Wadood founded the state of swat, which was officially recognized bye he British Government of India. Like other princely states in the subcontinent the state was given autonomy in its domestic affairs so long that it remained loyal to the British Crown. It went with Pakistan in 1947. The founder ruler of swat was popularly known as Badshah sahib. He abdicated the throne in favor of his son and successor Miangul Jehanzeb popularly known as Wali sahib on 12 th December 1949 . The Wali of swat Miangul Jehanzeb ruled till 29 th July 1969 when the state was merged with Pakistan . During the 52 years of mianguls rule, swat valley again run on the trek of progress and developments. The people of swat still reveal the phase as the golden era of swat. The Mianguls' family is highly respected by the swati. They have their strong and deep political roots in the valley.

The valley (District swat and Malakand Agency now Mkd protected area) was administered by two different administrative systems. The district swat was administered by the commissioner and the Malakand agency by the commissioner and the Malakand agency by the political agent till 2001, after implementation of the Devolution plan, a full-pledged district government has been established. The new administration is headed by the District nazim who is assisted by a District Naib Nazim, District Coordination Officer (DCO) IG (for swat district) commandant Malakand levies (Malakand protected area), Tehsil Nazimeen, Union Council Nanzimeen and heads of all the district departments. The system is running with its first electory period with some complications and simplifications. There is more expectations from this local level setup to solve the problem on door step and explore the natural resources to uplift and distinguish the valley in the new scenario of the economic prospective.
Definition of Pashtun (Pakhtoon)
Among historians, anthropologists, and the Pashtun themselves, there is controversy as to exactly who is a Pashtun. The three most prominent views are (1) to define the Pashtun in terms of patrilineal descent going back to legendary times, (2) to consider Pashtun any tribes who have for hundreds of years lived in the relevant geographic area and who speak Pashto and live in an essentially similar manner though may not have a patrilieal descent connection, and (3) only those who follow Pashtunwali "pakhtunwali" regardless of language or ethnicity. We may call these the patrilineal definition, cultural definition, and religious definition respectively.

The patrilineal definition is based on an important orthodox law of Pakhtunwali and tradition of Pakhtun "pashtun" society. It states simply that if your father is not a Pashtun, neither are you. This law has kept the immemorial trait of the Pashtuns being an exclusively patriarchal tribe intact. Under this definition it does not matter which language you speak (Pashto, Urdu, English, etc.), but that your father be an ethnic Pashtun.

Thus the Afridis and Yousafzai of Bhopal, India have lost both the language and presumably many of the ways of their ancestors, but by being able to trace their fathers' ethnic heritage back to the Pashtun tribes, who some believe are descendants of the four sons of a Qais Abdur Rashid, a possible progenitor of the Pashtun, they remain "Pashtun". Thus, under the patrilineal definition language is not in itself a defining point. This patrilineal law is rooted in Pashtunwali.

The cultural definition would include all Pashto speakers and those tribes and communities who have assimilated into Pashtun tradition, who, however, may not have a patrilineal connection. A prime example of this are the Arab tribes who settled amongst the Pashtuns after the Arab invasions of Afghanistan and Sindh during the rise of Islam. These same tribes today are considered Pashtun by some due to their cultural assimilation of Pashtun culture. Additionally, some feel that this cultural definition excludes those whose connection is merely ancestral- though of this there is great debate and historical precedent.

Taking this idea further, the cultural definition would exclude the Afridis and Yousafzai of Bhopal, India who are in fact ethnic Pashtuns, but would include some tribal groups that do not share the specific patriarchal ethnic descent required by the patrilineal definition, notably the Swatis, who claim patrilineal descent from Muhammad(PBUH). The religious definition is based on the laws of Pashtunwali, and that those who are Pashtun adhere to them.
History and Origion of Pashtun (Pakhtoon)
The Pashtuns (also Pushtun , Pakhtun , ethnic Afghan , or Pathan are an ethno-linguistic group of people, living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan , the NWFP Province, and small communities in India. The Pashtuns are characterized by their indigenous code "religion" of honor and culture, Pashtunwali(pakhtunwali). The Pashtuns are the world's largest segmentary lineage (patriarchal) tribal group in existence. The total population of the group is estimated at ca. 40 million.

Pashtun culture is ancient and much of it is yet to be recorded in contemporary times. There are many conflicting theories, some contemporary, some ancient, about the origins of the Pashtun people, both among historians and the Pashtun themselves.

"The word Afghan… first appears in history in the Hudud-al-Alam, a work by an unknown Arab geographer who wrote in 982 AD." Until the advent of the modern Afghan state in the 18th century, the word Afghan had been synonymous with Pashtun.

From the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD the regions where the Pashtuns lived saw immense migrations of peoples from Central Asia and the Middle East: the arrival of the Sakas, Kushans, Huns, Gujjars Hebrews,and Greeks.

According to most anthropologists, the Pashtuns appear to be primarily of Aryan descent similar to the Persians, Kurds and Tajiks. The Pashtuns have eastern Iranian origins as the Pashto language is classified as an eastern Iranian tongue distantly related to Ossetic among other Iranian languages.

There are more mythological and romanticized origins for the Pashtuns. For example, according to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites is traced to Maghzan-e-Afghani who compiled a history for Khan-e-Jehan Lodhi in the reign of Mughal Emperor Jehangir in the 16th century AD. This reference is in line with the commonly held view by Pashtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed (Israel and Judah, Lost Ten Tribes), the tribe of Joseph among other Hebrew tribes settled in the region.

Hence the term "Yusef Zai" in Pashto (pukhto) translates to the ' sons of Joseph'; the Yusefzai are the 8th largest tribe of the Pashtuns. Other Pashtuns claim descent from Arabs and some groups such as the Afridis claim to be descended from Alexander the Great's Greeks as well. What may be the case is that the Pashtuns have been modified by various invaders, while maintaining their eastern Iranian base both linguistically and genetically overall.

The Pashtuns are intimately tied to the history of modern-era Afghanistan. The country's founder, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was a Pashtun. He founded the state, as we know it today, in 1747 and the Pashtuns would rule it for the next 200 years. The Pashtuns/Afghans fought both the British and Russians to a standstill during the Great Game.
Culture and Institutions (Tribes)
Throughout Pashtun history prophets, poets, kings and warriors have been the most revered members of society. The term 'Pakhto' or 'Pashto' from which they derive their name is not merely the name of their language, but synonymous with an honour code and religion known as Pakhtunwali. The main tenets of 'Pakhto' or formally known as Pakhtunwali are:

Hospitality and asylum to all guests seeking help.
Justice: Tooth for a Tooth.
Defense of 'Zan, Zar and Zameen' (Women/Family, Treasury and Property).
Personal Independence. Pashtuns are fiercely independent and there is a lot of internal competition.
Most decisions in tribal life are made by a 'Jirga' or 'Senate' of elected elders and wise men. However, Pashtun society is also marked by its matriarchal tendencies. Folktales involving reverence for Pashtun mothers and matriarchs are common and are passed down from parent to child, as most Pashtun heritage, through a rich oral tradition. However, some historians believe that the name Pakhtun has its origin in Pactyan, the name of an ancient Iranian tribe that lived in the Persian Satrapy Arachosia.

TRIBES OR INSTITUTIONS
The Pashtuns are predominantly a tribal people, however, increasing numbers now dwell in cities and urban settlements. Many still identify themselves with various clans. More precisely, there are several levels of organization: the tabar (tribe) is subdivided into kinship groups each of which is a khel. The khel in turn is divided into smaller groups (pllarina or plarganey), each of which consists of several extended families or kahols. "A large tribe often has dozens of sub-tribes whose members may see themselves as belonging to each, some, or all of the sub-tribes in different social situations (co-operative, competitive, confrontational) and identify with each accordingly."

Major Tribes are:

Yousafzai • Afridi • Awan • Bangash • Bhittani • Barakzai • Daulatzai • Dilazak • Gandapur • Ghilzai/Khilji • Jadoon • Kakar • Kuchi • Kundi • Kharoti • Khattak • Lodhi • Mashwanis • Mahsud • Marwat • Mohamedzai • Mohmand • Niazi • Orakzai • PopalZai • Swati • Shilmani/shalmani • Shinwari • Shitak • Tanoli • Tareens • Waziri.
Mahodand Valley & Lake.

Surrounding Valley of famous Mahodand Lake is Known as Mahodand Valley.About 23km from Matiltan (3,000 meters) lies this beautiful valley with enchanting & refreshing views. These valleys are excellent for hiking..You can also enjoy the natural beauty"Mahodand Lake". With its blue waters the lake is as beautiful as Saiful Maluk in Kaghan Valley.

Natural Ushu Valley & Ushu Forest.

Just beyond Kalam is the junction of the Ushu and Utrot rivers, which together form the Swat. dirt roads follow each river, both passable in ordinary cars in summer. The Ushu Valley runs northeast from Kalam and offers magnificent views of Mount Falaksir (6,257 meters or 20,528 feet), numerous picnic spots and superlative fishing and hiking. Lake Mahodand or the Lake of the Fishes, about ten kilometers (six miles) to the north.There is also a deep forest as well. Tours packages of all the surrounding areas are avilable.

Malam Jabba...Famous ski resort in Swat Valley.

Malam Jabba the fairytale land of romance and beauty, offers unlimited sights that the eye can behold, mighty ranges of Hindu Kush, the Karakuram and black mountains, gentle slopes, placid plains, torrential streams, lush green meadows and thick green forests of pine. Come over for an exciting experience to this nature’s art gallery and you will never forget.Stands on top of a mountain of the Hindu Kush range, at a distance of 40 Kilometers north east of Saidu Sharif. Surrounded by wonderful panorama of scenic splendor and mighty mountains, Malam Jabba is much more than just a ski resort. It is a holiday resort that holds great fascination for tourists and is also home to the remains of ancient civilization. Malam Jabba is 314 Kilometers from Islamabad and 51 Kilometers from Saidu Sharif airport. The Resort offers a host of modern facilities such as:
35 elegantly furnished rooms
Two skiing platforms
Chairlifts (800 meter long cable, highest point 9200 feet above sea level).
Roller/ice skating rinks
Restaurant offering both local and international cuisine
Telephone facility
Running hot and cold water
Snow clearing equipment
The food, lodging and skiing facilities are all managed by foreign trained staff and offered at competitive prices.Pakistan's only major ski area, Malam Jabba has reportedly recently re-opened, ten years after its original completion in 1988. It has reportedly been closed due to lack of finance for much of the past decade. The resort has a base height of 2896 metres reached by a good road. The ski area has vertical of 200m up to 3096 metres served by two double Doppelmayr chair lifts. There's also tapped water served by a 50,000 gallon underground tank. One of the chair lifts is reported to 'seat 56' (presumably 28 X 2 seater), the other is described as a 'training lift.'
Madyan "The paradise on earth".

Madyan is a tourist resort on the Swat River, At 1,321 meters (4,335 feet) above see level, it is neither as cool nor as beautiful as Miandam, but it has many hotels of all price ranges, and being a large town has many tourist shops and restaurants, as well as a cinema.One of the trout farms is also here.The areas to visit in Madyan are chail & bishigram lakes.

Adventure Tour To Pakistan.

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Adventure Tour To Pakistan
For adventure lovers, Pakistan offers the unique pleasure of its northern mountain ranges, the Himalayas, the Hindukush and the Karakorams - a mountain wonderland unparalleled worldwide with such formidable peaks as the Kanchenjunga-2, the Nanga Parbat, the Rakaposhi, and the Trichmir. These ranges present an outstanding opportunities for those looking for trekking, mountaineering, angling, or jeep safaris. The resorts in these remote valleys make for an ideal summer get-away.

ROCK CLIMBING IN PAKISTAN:

The high mountains of Northern Areas of Pakistan possess excellent areas for high altitude rock climbing. Excellent high and steep ledges are found here.

The area is rightly called a heaven for Rock Climbers. The undeniable charm of this soaring, difficult, endless sea of rugged rock pinnacles lure large number of Rock Climbers from across the world to the Northern Areas of Pakistan each year.
Baltoro Glacier.

The trek from Skardu to the Baltoro Glacier gives the best close-up views of K2, and the trail along the Braldu and Biaho rivers takes hikers right into the heart of the Karakoram Mountains. The early part of the trek passes through green orchards, and summer visitors will be able to sample apples, apricots, peaches and cherries along the way. The terrain soon becomes rugged, however, and trekkers should be prepared to navigate trails covered with sharp stones and punctuated by glacial streams and steep gullies. The dark stone of the lower peaks provides a dramatic contrast to the glittering snow-capped peaks in the distance. Concordia, the base camp for K2 expeditions, offers spectacular views of some of the highest mountains on Earth, including K2, Gasherbrum, Masherbrum, and Chogolisa.
The Hunza Valley.

The valley of the Hunza River was supposedly the inspiration for Shangri-la in James Hilton's famous novel Lost Horizon. According to local legend, the river water contains traces of gold and has life-prolonging powers, and the people of Hunza are noted for their longevity. Many of the Hunzakut, as they are known, have light-colored hair and eyes and claim to be descended from Alexander the Great's soldiers. Their dialect, Brushaski, has no apparent link to any existing language family.

The town of Hunza is the starting point for treks to the Batura, Hopar and Hispar glaciers. The trek to Ultar Canyon gives especially dramatic views of the surrounding glaciers and granite peaks. Trekkers can stay overnight in distinctive shepherds' huts built of piled stones. The sound of ice crashing down from the surrounding glaciers provides a unique lullaby.
The Swat Valley.

Visitors who want a taste of northern Pakistan's historical variety should head for this lush valley. Located in the monsoon belt, it receives more rain than most northern areas, so the land is particularly fertile and green. The Swat River and its tributaries gush through rocky gorges and are particularly known for trout fishing. The houses of the small villages in the area are stacked one on top of the other up the mountainsides, with the roofs of one level of houses used as a front street for houses on the next level.

The hillsides abound with forts, a testament to the region's strategic importance. Alexander the Great and his army marched through Chakdar, and subsequent invaders left their mark: the town still has remains of Buddhist monasteries from the 1st to 7th centuries, while Hindu forts from the 8th to 10th centuries loom on the hilltops. Worth visiting are the valley's graveyards, which have been used for 3,500 years.

Mount Ilam (2,811m, 9,222 ft) has been considered sacred since prehistoric times. A trek to the top brings visitors to a group of massive square blocks of stone, which archaeologists guess were used as an ancient altar.

Northern Area Of Pakistan.

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CHITRAL:

In the northwestern region of Pakistan lies the remote and peaceful valley of Chitral. Lying in the midst of Hindukush Range, it is one of the world’s most beautiful regions. Chitral offers enchanting scenery in the shadow of majestic Trich Mir, which, at 7,708m is the highest peak of Hindukush Ranges. The people of Chitral, the “Kho”, show traces of Persian and Turkish ancestry. They are known for their peaceful, uncomplicated character and unique culture.

Chitral is more famous, however, for the Kalash people who inhabit the southwestern part of the region. The “Kalash Country” is spread over three Valleys; Bomboret, Birir and Rumbur. The Kalash have always fascinated anthropologists and historians by their obscure origins, colourful festivals, and curious customs and rituals.

Another interesting place near Chitral is Birmoglasht, the summer residence of the former Mehters (rulers). About 45 Kms north of Chitral Town are the famous hot springs Garam Chashma, known for their curing properties. A day trip to Buni gives further interesting insights into Chitrali rural life, plus views of beautiful Bunizom Mountain.
Polo, the “Game of the Kings” is best seen here in its land of origin. Played by skillful, daring participants in traditional style, Polo tournament is held every year in July near Chitral at Shandur Pass between Arch rivals Gilgit & Chitral.
Wildlife such as Marco Polo Sheep (ovis amon polis), Markhor or Ibex (caprafalconeri), Snow Leopard and Brown Bear are found in the heights of the Hindukush Mountains and are protected species.

Chitral is easily accessible by a 50-minute flight daily from Peshawar, or by road from Peshawar to Dir and then over the Lowari Pass (3,088m), a spectacular journey of approximately 15 hours.

CHITRAL WALKING TOUR - Half Day
Shahi Mosque, a beautiful white structure built by the former rulers of Chitral, is one of the most interesting buildings in Chitral. In its courtyard are buried former rulers and members of their families. Nearby is the historic Fort of Chitral where a small contingent of the British Army was besieged for almost thirty days. From the fort is an awe-inspiring view of Trich Mir Mountain with the Chitral River flowing nearby. The winding street of the Chitral bazaar has shops selling household objects, antiques and handicrafts obtained from the remote valleys.
BIRIR (Kalash Valley) - Full Day
About 34 Km southwest of Chitral is the narrow valley of Birir, where the Kalash community is gathered together. The main village of Guru is perched on a hillside as if stuck to the steep slope. The main attractions are the women in their long black robes and their attractive headgear, skillfully made entirely of cowrie’s shells and buttons. An interesting site included in the tour is the dance hall, which during the winter is used for religious performances. Also included is a visit to a Kalash home - a unique experience.

BOMBORET VILLAGE (Kalash Valley) - Full Day
Larger and wider than Birir, the scenic valley of Bomboret lies 40 Km from Chitral. The excursion includes a visit to Brun where the Kalash deities are accommodated as well as stops at the graveyard where fully dressed corpses can be seen lying in their coffins, the unique cattle houses, and a visit to the village of Shaikande where a Moslem minority from Nuristan lives. Of special interest here are the Nuristani carvings, handicrafts and motifs used to decorate the houses.
GARAM CHASHMA - Full Day
Some 50 km from Chitral is the valley commonly known as Garam Chashma, which means ‘Hot Springs’. This valley is famous for the snow-clad peaks of the Hindukush Range and hot sulphur springs. Specially made baths through which water flows continuously are open for anyone wishing to relax in the warm sulphur waters. This valley is famous for the fine quality of locally weaved woolen material known as “Patti” which can be purchased from local shops in the nearby village.
BUNI - Full Day
Buni is the first village in the upper valley of Chitral. Traveling about 84 km from Chitral, this excursion gives an opportunity to see a glimpse of rural life of the valley as it passes through many villages. From Buni one can see Bunizom Mountain (6,551 m), which overlooks the village. This two and a half hour journey is combined with beautiful mountain scenery and village culture, an exciting insight into an exotic world.

RAMBUR - Half Day from Bomboret
Those staying overnight in Bomboret may wish to see the Valley of Rambur, about 08 km from Bomboret. The majority of the Kalash live in this valley. Kalashgrom and Balankuru are interesting villages to visit.

BIRMOGLASHT - Half Day
Birmoglasht or Plain of Walnut Trees is some 15 km from main town of Chitral and is easily accessible through half an hour jeep drive. It is also commonly known as Summer Palace as it used to be occupied during the summer time by the ex-rulers of Chitral. Birmoglasht offers a fine view of Trich Mir, Bunizom and other snow-clad peaks of Hindukush Ranges.

A Historical Overview.

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Ziarat, Pakistan.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan, stayed there during his last illness. It houses the relics of the Father of the Nation. The Residency was built in 1882 by the British and used by the Agent to the Governor General as his summer headquarters.

Bab-e-Ziarat, The Enterance gate to Ziarat.

St Francis Grammer School in Quetta, Pakistan

Derawar Fort, Cholistan Desert.

Shahjahan Masjid in Thatta.

The ancient Buddhist religious monument of Dharmarajika Stupa in Taxila, Pakistan.
Just a short drive from Islamabad, this is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. There are 18 locations in the area which are world heritage sites, but only 5% have been excavated.
This is the region from where Buddhism travelled to the far east - and Persians, Greeks and Hindus all subsequently left their mark. You can watch the sun set from the remains of a Buddhist monastery or wander through the streets of an excavated Persian city in the knowledge that there are two older ones buried below.

The Shah Faisal Masjid in Islamabad, Pakistan, is among one of the largest mosques in the world. It is a state National Mosque. It is a popular masjid in the Islamic world, and is renowned for both its size and its architecture covering an area of 5,000 square meters with a capacity of 300,000 worshippers.

Must See Hill Stations of Pakistan.

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People from all over the world come to Pakistan to visit its most popular and stunning hill stations that truly may be called heavens on earth. The reasons behind their popularity are that they mesmerize you with natural beauty, striking landscapes and hospitable and courteous people who always welcome the tourists from all over the world. Tourists in Pakistan come here for its many other attractions but hill stations in the northern areas are most popular among tourists. Here I am giving brief description of these most spectacular hill stations.

Murree.

Muree is undoubtedly called the Malka-e-Kohsar (Queen of Hills) as it has beautiful scenes and outstanding places to visit. It is a popular tourist’s attraction in Pakistan as it has all the facilities for local as well as foreign visitors. People in Pakistan go and stay there in warm months of summer while the foreigners come here for other attractions including:

Mall Road: It is the most famous market in Murree having a large number of shops providing different things associated with the culture of these areas. There are shops of ancient jewelry, traditional clothes and wooden carvings. Doing shopping from Mall Road will always remind you of this beautiful place.

Patriata: It is a well developed place having high trees and attractive sceneries। Tourists are attracted towards it for the chair lift and cable car system that take you from New Murree to Patriata। This journey on either chair lift or cable car makes the tourists’ visit memorable। Especially in winter, this ride gives you an immense pleasure of watching the hills and mountains covered with snow।

Kashmir Point: It is on Mall Road providing gorgeous scenery of the nearby mountains

Pindi Point: Pindi Point is one of the favourite places in Murree। This place also provides you the facility to enjoy a ride on chair lift.

Ayubia

This place can surely fill your heart with great pleasure when you will see rising pine trees grown there excessively. Here you will find wild life also including monkeys and tigers. As there are a large number of trees so you will find different kinds of beautiful birds there. Other attractions include:

Monkey Point: Also called “Bander Point” is just near the Ayubia chair lifts. It is that part of forest where you can find a large number of monkeys amusing the children and adults alike. Here you will see the tourists feeding the monkeys with their hands as they are not harmful at all.

Ayubia National Park: The basic attraction of this place is the chairlifts that take you to the peaks of attractive and forested hills। The chairlift provided here was the first entertainment of its kind provided in Pakistan so it attracts the locals as well

Bhurban

This hill station is at a distance of 13 KMs from Murree. This hill station is famous for its greenery and colorful flowers. It provides a breath-taking view of surrounding hills and landscapes. Here in Bhurban, there is a four star hotel so mostly the showbiz and political personalities prefer to stay in Bhurban. Most of the common visitors and tourists come here for trekking and hiking as it is suitable for both of these activities. If you are fond of golf then Bhurban would proved to be the top choice for golf lovers. There is a nine-hole golf course in Bhurban which provides a unique experience of playing golf in this beautiful and startling town.

Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan

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Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan
Mohenjo-daro (Urdu: موئن جودڑو, Sindhi: موئن جو دڙو, English: Mound of the dead) was a city of the Indus Valley Civilization built around 2600 BC and is located in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. This ancient five thousand year old city is the largest of Indus Valley and is widely recognized as one of the most important early cities of South Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo Daro was one of the world’s first cities and contemporaneous with ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations. It is sometimes referred to as "An Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis".

Early farming village in Mehrgarh, c. 7000 BC, with houses built with mud bricks.

Excavated by the Harappa Archaeological Research Project in 1993, this large corbelled drain was built in the middle of an abandoned gateway at Harappa to dispose of rainwater and sewage.

An artist's reconstruction of the gateway and drain at Harappa.

The recent excavations at Harappa were begun in 1986 by the American team of the Harappa Archaeological Research Project jointly with the Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan. New discoveries and reevaluations of previously excavated areas have contributed greatly to our understanding of this site, which was the type-site of the Harappan (or Indus) Civilization.
The site was inhabited continuously from at least 3300 B.C. until several hundred years after the decline of the Indus Civilization (the "Cemetery H" Culture at Harappa), which represents one of the longest periods of occupation at any Indus site. Recent excavations have focused on the development of the Indus script and the early and late phases of the Indus Civilization at Harappa. (For more details, see the link for "Harappa.com".)

Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore, 1866.Pigeons flying over Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore.

Lahore Fort.

Food Street ,Lahore.

Regal Church, Lahore.

Gurdwara Dera Sahib Panjvin Patshahi, Sikhs' holy shrine, in Lahore.

Minar-e-Pakistan, Lahore.

Allama Iqbal's Tomb, Lahore.

Anarkali's Tomb, Lahore.

Mughal emperor Jahangir's Tomb, Lahore.

The historical Shalimar Gardens, Lahore.

The Mughal Empress Noor Jahan's Tomb, Lahore

Chauburji, monoment in Lahore built around 1646 AD by Zebinda Begum or Princess Zeb-un-Nissa, daughter of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir.

The Punjab University, Old campus building, in Lahore.

St. Patrick's Church in Karachi.

Islamia College, Peshawar.

Mahabat Khan Masjid, Peshawar.

Some Landmarks of Pakistan.

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Pakistan is one of the countries in Sub-continent having rich culture and traditions. It has some of most magnificent historical buildings representing the grandeur of Muslim rulers and kings. People from all over the world visit Pakistan to see these beautiful buildings that are a cultural asset of Pakistan. Some of its historical places are described below which serve as a landmark of this country.
Badshahi Mosque

This mosque is situated in Lahore; the cultural and traditional hub of Pakistan. It was built by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. It is one of the major tourists’ attractions and is truly featured with the splendor of Mughal era. It is a master piece of architectural design having gigantic and spacious prayer hall. The floor of the hall is adorned with Sang-e-Alvi. The inner side of this hall is worth-watching that is decorated with mural work and fine marble. Other architectural features include spacious courtyard, four high minars, majestic entrance gate and dalans.

Faisal Mosque

It is the largest mosque in Pakistan which has become a landmark due to its size and unique architectural design. It is so vast that 300000 worshippers can pray there. Its construction was funded by Saudi Arabian government and it is named after the late king Shah Faisal. It has a large triangular prayer hall and four minars. These minars are very slim and look like a pencil. The most attractive thing in Faisal Mosque is a large and splendid chandelier in the prayer hall. The walls of the hall are adorned with calligraphic art and mosaics which add to its beauty and making it a well-known icon of Islamabad; the capital city of Pakistan. In my opinion, this mosque should be visited as many times as possible because every time you will feel a great pleasure watching it.

Khyber Pass

The Khyber Pass is located in Peshawar, Pakistan. It is a mountain pass linking Pakistan and Afghanistan. It has been serving as a trade way between south and north Asia for centuries. It has been an important part of Silk Road. If you want to visit it then you will have to get full information about it because the road that leads to it is rough and barren. But it is a very good monument to see.

Pakistan Monument

This monument is also located in Islamabad. It has been designed in a way that represents four provinces and three territories of Pakistan. It is in a shape of blooming flower representing growth and development of the country. Murals (wall paintings) are used in the inner side of the petal for enhancing their beauty and decoration. In the center there is a platform that has been made in the shape of a star having five corners. The star is surrounded by a crescent on which sayings of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal have been engraved.

These were some of the historical monuments of Pakistan and thousands of people come here to see their glory and radiance