Pastizone

Stunning pictures of volcanic eruptions seen from space

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Thu, 23 Jul 2009 21:24:00 +0000

Last month NASA released a set of pictures of the eruptions of the Sarychev Volcano in Kuril Islands of Japan, captured by the crew of the International Space Station (ISS). The view must have been mesmerizing..

Source : http://www.amusingplanet.com/2009/07/stunning-pictures-of-volcanic-eruptions.html

Personalize your iPod

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Thu, 07 May 2009 15:53:00 +0000

It seems like everybody has an iPod these days, so make yours unique with http://www.shopwiki.com/wiki/iPods selection of iPod accessories, speakers and iTrip. It's easy to do.

You'll like our many fun, colorful iPod cases and iPod skins for all models. Get an iPod arm band and for your workouts and an iPod car charger for trips where you won't have your computer.

How to Have Mind Blowing Sex

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Sat, 10 Jan 2009 15:09:00 +0000

As a relationship matures, sex inevitably starts to become boring. Both partners have learned what turns the other on and both are comfortable in their relationship. While in some respects this may be a good thing, it isn't necessarily a good thing for your sex life. Doing the same old moves in the same tired places, almost like a choreographed dance can suck the life out of your sex life and leave you wanting more.

How do you repair the damage? How can you make sex fun again?

These are the two fundamental questions that we're going to attempt to answer for you. While sex certainly isn't the be all and end all of a relationship, it is an important part and should be nurtured just like any other part of your relationship. Making sex fun and exciting is a key element to having mind blowing sex.

Location...location...location

Location is a huge part of sex. While bedroom sex can be good, having intercourse in a dangerous or sexy location can ramp up your sex life exponentially. The thrill of danger can be a huge turn on. Why not try having sex in a bathroom stall or along a hiking trail? Take your partner out for an innocent looking hike, pack some blankets and maybe a picnic lunch, and make love to them when they're least expecting it. Not only do you get to enjoy a nice hike together, but you get the added bonus of dangerous mind blowing sex!

Romance

Sometimes in relationships, we tend to forget about romance. This can lead to a stale love life very quickly. Your partner wants to feel wanted, and by going that extra mile to make them feel sexy, you can bring your sex life up a level...or two.

Here's an example. When your partner is scheduled to get off work, find a sitter for the kids and have a candlelit massage parlour set up just for him or her. Have sexy oils, candlelight, some wine, sexy music and some blankets ready to go. Watch their face light up when they enter the house, and treat them like the King or Queen that they are. Not only will you make their day, but you'll also get to erotically touch them all over. Making love while oiled up is never a bad thing either.

Toys and more toys

Experiment a little. Try shopping for some sex toys together, and explore your adventurous side. Maybe he or she has been dying to try something new in the bedroom, but hasn't worked up the courage to say so yet. Make the decision for them, and pick up a few toys that are sure to blow their minds. Toys can seriously add to the experience, and it's different, which is always a good thing.

Practice these tips for a mind blowing sex experience. There are hundreds of variations that can be used, and feel free to explore them. Sex should never be boring. It should be fun, exciting, loving and romantic. Don't let repetition turn your love life stale!

Want to have mind-blowing sex? Head over to WildSexSecrets.com for amazing secrets to make your partner melt in a wave of pleasure...

Letizia Filippi is Cristiano Ronaldo Girlfriend!?!

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Sun, 21 Dec 2008 11:21:00 +0000

This is Letizia Filippi and the gossip is that she is the new woman in the life of footballer (soccer) Cristiano Ronaldo. The claims are unsubstantiated as other talk is that his relationship with Nereida Gallardo isn't completely over, at least not as far as she is concerned.
Letizia has admitted that she has had dinner with Ronaldo and her agent says the couple are 'very, very good friends'. But he would say that - it's good publicity whether true or untrue.
The Italian Letizia Filippi is well known in Spain, lives in Rome and one of her claims to fame is that she finished third in the 1994 Miss. Italy. She is 30 years of age and has had liaisons with numerous well known sportsmen over the years.

Africa is the world’s second largest continent

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Sat, 13 Dec 2008 07:47:00 +0000

“….geographers, in Afric maps, With savage pictures fill their graps, And o’er unhabitable downs Place elephans for want of towns.”

These word were written by Jonathan Swift, the author of Gulliver’s Travels. He wrote them more than 200 years ago. Swift was pointing out how little the Europeans of his day knew about Africa. It was a “dark continent” to them – huge and vast and un known. It remained so for centuries.

Africa is the world’s second largest continent. Only Asia is larger. Africa is larger enough to hold nearly four continents the size of Australia.

The giant continent straddles the equator, stretching both north and south about 35 degrees. But because of Africa’s shape, the bulk of its land lies beetwen the Tropic of cancer and the Tropic of Capicorn. This means that most of Africa is in the tropics. Indeed, Africa is the most tropical of the continent.

Every time you turn on oyur radio or listen to television or a juke box, these is a good chance that the music you hear will be at least partly African in origin. This is because the music of Europe and America. It began when black Africans were transportedto America as slaves, taking their songs and dances with them. Gradually, as they became accustomed to their new home, they combined their own music with the folk music and Amreican Indian music they heard in the New World. The result was a new and original American folk music. Largely out of this grew jazz, one of the most popular forms of music today.

African music is considered primitive because it comes from people who do not have a written language; song are passed on by word of mouth rather than by the use of written notes. Yet it does not seem right to call this music primitive, since some of it is more highly developed than the folk music of Europe and America

Learn to Play Guitar Fast

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Sun, 30 Nov 2008 11:03:00 +0000

So, you’ve bought a new guitar! If you are like I was, you’ve been going to barbeques for years, having a couple of beers and watching your mates sitting around with their guitars, playing songs you’ve known for years and would love to play! So you finally spent the money and bought a guitar – now what?

You want to learn fast – so you can join in. For this article, I’m going to assume that you’re a beginner who wants basic proficiency.

I’ve done some research on this, as it was where I was, and I found a connection between people who want to “play fast” and those who already play but just want to play "faster". The connection is quite simple, yet very profound.

Through what I found out, I believe there are two parallels:

1. Study the techniques involved which will make your overall playing faster, and

2. Re-focus your practice sessions onto the basic concepts that beginners learn, which will allow you to become a faster player.

There is a useful acronym that you can use to help focus your practice and improve your playing: M.O.S.T.

M for Memorization

You can have the world's best "ear", but if you don't memorise:

a) the fretboard notes and
b) the major and minor key chords and scales,

it won't matter how good your ear is. The most frustrating thing about learning a new song is finding that chord or note that you know you've learned but just can't remember! It's funny that song writers don't give you time in the middle of their pieces to find that Aminor chord, or work out if a Db minor chord works in a song in B, and then if it does, where it is on the fretboard!

If you are a beginner - LEARN THE FRETBOARD and memorise it!

If you are more advanced - LEARN THE FRETBOARD and memorise it! You might think you already know it, but can you jump from one note or chord to any other instantly without thinking about it?

O for Observation

Human beings work best when all of the senses work in unison. Try plugging your ears with cotton wool and then trying to play a song. Not very good are you. (People like Ray Charles and Beethoven amaze me).

Your senses of sight, sound and touch all interweave to play guitar. When you play a song really well, you can even taste the applause (just kidding). The more you play, the more your fingers put themselves in the right places, your muscles retain a memory of those positions. You begin to see patterns and relationships on the fretboard. You hear yourself play the correct notes and chords and that gives you confidence, which is essential in fast playing.

Memorization is the foundation for observation, and observation is the key to training your mind and hands to work in concert automatically.

S for strength and T for training

This is not weight training! It is really dexterity training (but MODT isn't a word!). However, being dextrous means you have strength in your fingers in order to play the chords you need to play when you need to play them.

Beginners often struggle to hold down chords and play scales with all four fingers. Consistent and correct practice is the only way to build strength, muscle memory and finger dexterity.

The same problem occurs for intermediate players - the most likely culprit for slow play is a deficiency in strength, dexterity and/or correct technique.

Practise your finger exercise and chord making perfectly - don't settle for "that'll do" or "near enough". You want to train your fingers to go to the correct place in the correct way every time! Sloppy exercises will not help.

In conclusion, the key to learning guitar faster - as well as playing it faster - rests in following the M.O.S.T. formula. It really is all about getting the basics right from the start!

About The Author

Greg Millican
http://www.strumandpick.com

For free advice, lessons and downloads on guitar for beginners and intermediate players.

3GP: the 3G Video Standard

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 04 Mar 2008 10:05:00 +0000

Introduction
3GP or .3gp is the third generation video standard. It integrates mp3, mp4, 3gpp, 3g3p and 3g2.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (See Wikipedia)3GP is a multimedia container format defined by 3GPP for use on 3G mobile phones. It is a simplified version of MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4). 3GP files have the filename extension .3gp or .3g2.

3GP stores video streams as MPEG-4 or H.263, and audio streams as AMR-NB or AAC-LC formats. 3GP files are always big-endian. 3GP also describes image sizes and bandwidth, so content is correctly sized for mobile display screens.

3GP files are viewable on a PC using QuickTime or RealPlayer.

MPEG-4 Part 14, formally, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003, is a multimedia container format standard specified as a part of MPEG-4. It is most-commonly used to store digital audio and digital video streams, especially those defined by MPEG, but also can be used to store other data such as subtitles and still images. Like most modern container formats, MPEG-4 Part 14 allows streaming over the Internet. The official filename extension for MPEG-4 Part 14 files is .mp4, thus the container format is often refered to simply as MP4.

3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. It's a co-operation between ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America) and TTA (South Korea).

Some of the well well-known participants of the 3GPP project are 3, Alvatel Apple, AT&T, BenQ, BT Group, China Mobile Com, Congular Wireless, Cisco, Ericsson, France Telecom, Fraunhofer, Fujitsu, HP, HuaWei, IBM, Intel, KDDI, KPN, LG, Lucent, Microsoft, Mitsubishi, Motorola, NEC, Nippon Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, NTT DoCoMo, 02, Oki, Panasonic, Philips, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sharp, Siemens, Sony Ericsson, Sun, Swisscom, Tata Consultancy Services, Texas Instruments, Thomson, T-Mobile, TNO, Toshiba, VIA Technologies , Vodafone and Yokogawa, to name but a few.

The scope of 3GPP is to make a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project. 3GPP specifications are based on evolved GSM specifications, now generally known as the UMTS system.

Note that 3GPP should not be confused with 3GPP2, which specifies standards for another 3G technology based on IS-95 (CDMA), commonly known as CDMA2000

Standards

3GPP standards are structured as Releases. Discussion of 3GPP thus freqently refers to the functionality in one release or another.

Release 98 and earlier releases specify pre-3G GSM networks.
Release 99 specify the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air interface.
Release 4 - originally Release 2000 - adds features including an All IP Core Network.
Release 5 introduces IMS and HSDPA.
Release 6 integrates operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA.
Release 7 and onwards are still in the early stages, and work towards better integration with wired networks.

Each Release incorporates hundreds of individual standards documents, each of which may have been through many revisions.

Current 3GPP standards incorporate the latest revision of the GSM standards. 3GPP documents are made available freely on the organisation's web site. Whilst 3GPP standards can be bewildering to the newcomer, they are a remarkably complete and detailed resource and provide insight into how the cellular industry works. They cover not only the radio part ("Air Interface") and Core Network, but also billing information and speech coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (authentication, confidentiality) are also freely specified in detail. 3GPP2 offer similar information about their system.

Deployment

3GPP systems are deployed across much of the established GSM market (primarily Release 99 systems to date). As of 2005, 3GPP systems are seeing deployment in the same markets as 3GPP2 systems (for example, North America). Industry commentators speculate constantly about the competing systems, with the outcome far from clear.

3GPP specification

The term "3GPP specification" covers all GSM (including GPRS and EDGE) and W-CDMA specifications. The following terms are also used to describe networks using the 3G specifications: UTRAN, UMTS (in Europe) and FOMA (in Japan). Revised versions of many of these specifications are produced up to four times a year following the quarterly TSG plenary meetings. (TSG GERAN meets five times a year.) See the table below which gives links to lists of specifications arising from each plenary TSG meeting since the freezing of Release 1999. The month of the meeting and the meeting number are shown in each case. Note that the tables show only those specifications newly approved or modified at the meeting concerned; they do not contain a complete list of all specifications current following the meeting. For such a list, consult the "status list" - see below.

Following each TSG SA plenary meeting, a complete set of specifications is produced. This set includes not only the new specifications generated at that meeting, but also the latest versions of each specification that was not changed at that meeting. i.e. each directory holds a complete set of specifications. Each set has an associated status list as detailed in the table below. Each set (and corresponding status list) includes the specs arising from the TSG GERAN meetings held since the preceding SA meeting. (GERAN meets asynchronously from the other TSGs.)

The Status List (ZIPped RTF or Word format) summarizes the current version number for every release of every 3GPP specification following each TSG plenary meeting. Also listed for each specifications are:

the 3GPP working group and rapporteur responsible for the specification
the Project Manager in MCC (Mobile Competence Centre) responsible for the specification
the meeting at which it was, or is expected to be, "frozen" (i.e. the point after which only corrections are allowed)

YOGURT – A NATURAL FOOD

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 11 Dec 2007 08:04:00 +0000

The exact origin of yogurt is not known. But we do know that this important dairy product dates back to biblical times and beyond. Yogurt was probably first eaten in the Middle East. In that region’s hot climate, milk spoils rapidly. For this reason yogurt, which does not spoil easily, was a welcome discovery. Yogurt no doubt developed some time in the distant past when certain bacteria accidentally got into some stored milk.

That is what yogurt is today milk in which two friendly strains of bacteria are grown. The names of these micro organisms are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococus thermophilus

How is yogurt made? In its most common form, yogurt is made from cow’s milk. Much of the fat is often removed and nonfat milk solids with extra protein are added. The milk is homogenized, pasteurized, and then injected with the bacteria. Sometimes fruit preserves and other ingredients are added. But in natural yogurt, no artificial flavor, color, or preservatives should be used.

The milk, now containing the bacteria, is piped into machines that fill the yogurt cups you see in the stores. These cups are then stored in incubators until the product reaches the custard like thickness typical of yogurt. Throughout this process, temperatures must be carefully controlled for the yogurt to develop properly.

Yogurt is a food with many uses. It is a good source of protein calcium, certain B vitamins, and minerals. Because of its nutrional value, many people eat yogurt as a supplement to their reguler diet or as a snack between meals. It can be enjoyed by itself or combined with other foods, such as apple sauce, peanut butter, or dry cereal. Many cooks use yogurt in recipes for salad dressings, desserts, and main dishes.

Yogurt is a popular food in many parts of the world. In Finland it is glumes, in Norway kyael meelk, and in Russia prostokvasha. In India, the Balkans, and the Middle East, yogurt is used as an ingredient in many dishes.

Food markets in the United States offer different types of yogurt. There is the sundaestyle yogurt, with fruit on the bottom; Swissstyle, with fruit throughout; and westernstyle, with fruit on the bottom and fruit coloring and sweetening on top. Two of the most popular types of yogurt are frozen yogurt on a stick and soft frozen yogurt served from machines.

Some people make yogurt at home with their own yogurt machine. The instructions, which come with the machine, must be followed carefully. For example, unless the milk is kept at the right temperature, the bacteria cannot live. The result would then be sour milk, not yogurt.

Circus

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:43:00 +0000

“The circus is coming to town!” this news long has heralded one of the most exciting events of childhood. Each year the people of almost every citi and large town could look forward to at least one big top show. Many circuses traveled te length and breadth of the land during the months of warm weather. Some were small one ring shows. Today large shows, such as the famaous Ringling Bros. And Barnum and Bailey Circus, visit many major U.S cities each year, offering a breathtaking performance in each of their rings at the same time.

The circus has changed in looks and form over the years. But its appeal is ageless and never changing. People like to see amusing acts that will make them laugh, and they like to see colorful exhibitions that require skill and daring. The circus is enterainment in its purest form.

Every age has contributed to the circus we know today. Pottery and wall drawings found in ancient ruins show acrobats and junglers. The word “circus” comes from a Roman arena, The Circus Maximus. In Latin, circus means circle or ring. In the Circus Maximus there were fats of skill and daring, such as exciting chariots races. Two forerunners of the modern cicus clown were Arlecchino (Harlequin) and Pulcinella (pierrot) of the 16th century Italian commedia dell’ arte. The trained bear, the town junggler, the court jester of medieval times all have their counterparts in the circus today.

The circus as we know it dates from the late 18th century. In 1770, Philip Astley opened a riding school in England. In the morning he taught horsemanship. In the afternoon he put on a show that included skillful riding, acrobatics, wire walking, and acts by trained dogs.

In 1792, John Ricketts established the first circus in the United State. George Washingtons was one of the many people who attended Rickett’s circus in Philadelphia. There are earlier reports of circus acts in North America, but this was the first circus in which an entire and varied prformance was given.

CHOCOLATE AND COCOA

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:41:00 +0000

Cristropher Columbus found Central Aerican Indians using cacao beans for money. But he failed to discover the real treasure hidden in the dark brown, almond shaped been. This was left to the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes.

When Cortes and his men conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519, they dound the Indian using the cocoa beans to make a beverage called chocolatl. This early from of chocolate was very bitter, abd Spaniards didn’t like the drink until they sweetened I with sugarcane.

Cortes took cacao beans back with him to Spain, where chocolate became the special drink of the aristrocacy. The Spaniards experimented with new flavorings, such ad vanilla or cinnamon. Menwhile the art of chocolate making itself was kept a closely guarded Spanish secret.

Another 100 years passed before the other courts of Europe were introduced to the exotic drink. The elegant court of France adopted it at once. In England chocolate made its appearance in 1657 at thje first “chocolate hause”, which soon became a fashionable meeting place.

Chocolate was too expensive for any but the very wealthy, since the beans had to be ground by hand. In 1730 the invention of a machine that speeded up the grinding process lowered the price.

In 1828 C.J Van Houten, a Netherlander, revolutionized the chocolate industry by inventing a press that squeezed the rich cocoa butter out of the cacao beans. He ground the remaining chocolate into powder. This chocolate powder, or cocoa, made a smoother, less rich drink than the thick chocolate of the 18th century. Even more revolutionary., the cocoa, the cocoa butter that had been squeezed out was added to a sugar and chocolate combination and molded into bars. People began to eat chocolate as well as drink it.

But the chocolate wass still coarse and bitter. In 1876 M. D. Peter, of Vevey, Switzerland, put milk into his chocolate and produced a new flavor. A few year later final refinement turned chocolate into the smooth grained, vevelty candy of today.

Chess

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:39:00 +0000

Chess is the most popular war game ever invented. The kings and queens who lead thw two chess armies must face all kinds of dangerous situations. They are attacked and defended by castles, bishops, knights on horseback, and common soldiers. Eventually one of the kings is trapped and he must surrender to the other army. Every new game of chaess ia a different battle, and the two players are the generals who plan the battle.

Since its origin in India and Persia more than 13 centuries ago. Chess, the “ royal game,” has provided many exciting hour of play for both children and adults.

The word “chess” is derived form the Persian word shah, which means “king”. The term “checkmate”, signifying that the enemy king is treatened and cannot be saved, can be traced to an Arabic phrase, shah mat, which means “the king is dead”.

Many English word that are used in the game of chess, like “checkmate”, “stalemate”, ‘pawn”, and “gambit” have become important word in our everyday languange. You will find them used often by television commentators and newspaper columnist in describing political or military struggles.

Chess is extremely popular in the Russian; chess heroes there are as famous as baseball heroes are in the United State. Russian master have won many world championships since the end of World War II.

IONS AND IONIZATION

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:37:00 +0000

An ion is an atom or groups of atoms that carries an electric charge.
All atoms are made up of smaller particles, called subatomic particles. Some of these smaller particles carry and electric charge at all times, but the charges are not always apparent. The reason is that there are two different kinds of charges: positive and negative. The two sometimes balance each other inside the atom. This causes the atom to behave as though it carried no charge at all.

At the center of every atom is a nucleus, containing one or more particles called protons. Each of these protons has a posiive charge. Surrounding the nucleus are particles called electrons. Each of these has a negative charge.

An ordinary atom has exactly as many protons as electrons. This means that it has exactly as many positive charges as negative charges. All the charges balance, and the atom is electrical neutral.

Suppose you upset the balance by removing some of the particles. You will then produce en electric charge and form an ion. Thios process in ionization.

The particles removed are usually electrons. Protons are heavy particles in the nucleus. It is difficult to do anything to them. Electrons. However, are light particles, and some are bound rather lightly to the rest of the atom. They are easy to remove.

In fact, some electrons in atoms of metals are so easily removed that under certain condition they can be made to flow through the metal. We describe this as an electric current flowing through the metal. An electric current in emta; is actually the flowing of loose electrons.

It is possible to cause atoms to give up electrons by bombarding the atoms with energy in the form of light or heat. If an element cam be made to give off electrons when it is struck by light, those moving electrons will make up an electric currnt wherever they go. We can construct a photoelectric cell (or an “electric eye”) out of such elements.

A photoelectric cell is sometimes used to open and shut doors automatically. Light shining on the cells causes it to give of electrons. The electrons make up an electric current that causes the door to stay shut. As you approach the door, you body interrupts the beam of light. As a result, the electric current stops. The doors opens in time for you pass through.

Atoms will also realese electron is heated strongly enough. In a radio tube a metal wire is heated so that electrons are given off. The movement of these electrons can be strictly controlled because they carry negative charges. This means they can be attracted to any object that carries an negative charge. (Similar charges repel each other).

By controlling the flow of electrons in this fashion, we can make electric currents start and stop. We can direct them, strengthen weak currents, and so on. Instruments that make use of such controlled electron flows are electronic. Radio and television sets are common examples of electronic device.

INTERIOR DECORATING

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:35:00 +0000

It is natural for people to love their homes. From the earliest time men have decorated the places where they live to make hem as beautiful as possible. Interior decoration is therefore one of the oldest of the arts. It is also an important one, for the room you live in affect your life. The best interior decoration makes people feel comfortable and happy. The furnishings of a room are not just for show; furniture should please the people who use it and suit the way they live. Simple rooms are usually the best. If curtains, rugs, and furniture get in the way of day-to-day activities, the decoration is not successful.

The earliest interior decoration came from the desire for comfort, convinience, and beuty. The interior decoration we know with furniture, caroets, and curtains began about the time Columbus discovered America. There is a beautiful palace in Mantua, Italy, where the suite of Isabella d’Este (1474-1539), the Marchioness of Mantua, can still be seen. She had rooms designed that were small enough to be comfortable and private. They were more cozy tha the great stony halls of the palace. Palaces were built in those days to impress people with the wealth and power of the owner. They were not well suited to human needs.

It Is interesting to think about the reasons for certain furnishings. Curtains, for instance, were not hung just to look pretty, but to control light and ventilation (the movement of air).

The way thay people live effects the type of furniture they use. Early American furniture they use. Early American furniture, for example, was very study plain. The first settlers were too busy farming, clearing the wildness, and fighting the Indians to make anything but necessary and useful objects. As life became easier, frontier furniture became more graceful, for the pioneers had more time to spend on making furniture.

Many things continue to affect styles of decoration: world’s fairs, travel to other countries, scientific discoveries, and changes in architecture and building methods. Indeed, one great interior designer may start a completely new school of thought.

INSECTS

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:34:00 +0000

Insects are the largest single group of animals in the world. About 700,000 different kind of insects are known, and more are being discovered every year.

Insect are found almost everywhere on earth. Some live deep in underground caves, and some on the tops of the world highest mountains. There areinsects that live on surface of the ocean, far from land, some live in dry deser. Some live in hot springs whose water temperature is 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

Many different insects have been found in cold. Barren Antarctica. One insect is able to live in venegar. The young of another insect live in salty lakes. Insect can luve in a great many different kinds of places. This one of the reasons they have remained on earth for over 300,000,000 years.

Most insect5s are very small. Only a few kinds grow to more than 1 or 2 inches. Some are so tiny that they can hardly be seen. But the largest ones are bigger than some mice.

The small size insects makes it possible for them to escape their enemies by crawling into cracks or other hiding places. And because they are so small, they need very little food and water to live. Thus their small size is a very great advantage.

BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:32:00 +0000

Anyone who touches the wings of butterfly or a moth finds that somethings like dust comes off on his fingers. The dust is actually made up of tiny scales. The scales grow in rows and give the wings their patterns of colors. The scales also account for the scientific name for butterflies and moths. Together they are called Lepidoptera, which means “scaly winged’.

They are about 112,000 different kinds of moths and butterflies in the world, and they live almost everywhere. In the United States and Canada there are probably about 700 kind of butterflies and 7,000 to 9,000 kinds of moths.

Borneo

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:28:00 +0000

Borneo is a giant among the island of the world. Only Greenland and New Guinea are larger. Borneo is big enough to hold all of the states of Texas, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The island has an area about 743,000 square kilometers (287,000 square miles).

Borneo straddles the equator at the western end of the Pacific Ocean. Its neighbors to the northeast are the Philippines Islands. To the west, across the South China Sea, are Vietnam and the narrow finger of the Malay Peninsula. To the south and southwest are the large Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. To the east are Celebes; the fables sp0ice islands, the Moluccas; and New Guinea.
Politically Borneo is made up of the territories of three countries. Sabah (formerly North Borneo) and Sarawak are states of Malaysia. Brunei is tiny sultanate (ruled by a sultan). The third political unit of Borneo is known as Kalimantan and is part of Indonesia

Bowling

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:26:00 +0000

The games of bowling has been played for more than 7,000 years. Object similar to our modern tenpins were discovered in the grave of an Egyptian whose burial has been placed at 5200 B.C.

Just how the sport came to be called bowling is not known. The world “bowl” may have come from the saxon bolla and the Danish bolle, meaning “bubble,” and through usage, “round’.

In its earliest from bowling was a crude recreation and was played with primitive equipment in any space thay provided suitable conditions.

Today we have automatic pinsetters and smooth, well-balanced balls and pins. We bowl in air conditioned centers amid attractive surroundings. Bowling is very popular with children and women, as well as with men. In the United States, where there are over 64,000,000 bowlers, it ranks first in popularity among participant sports.

ICE HOCKEY

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:22:00 +0000

Ice hockey, Canada’s national sport, originated in the 19th century. It is believed that the first organized game took place in 1855, when English soldier in Kingston, Ontario, played on the frozen surface of Lake Ontario. The sport quickly spread to other army garrisons and then to nearby towns.

Around 1875, students at McGill University In Montreal developed a code of rules, Familiarly known as the McGill Rules. Using these rules, teams from different cities began to play against one another, and league soon sprang up.

In 1893, Canada’s governor-general, Lord Stanley of Preston, donated a cup to be given to the country’s amateur champions. By 1896, teams were playing in the New York area. Canadian and American teams competed against each other for the first time in 1899.

The Nation Hockey Association (NHA) was formed in 1909 with four Canadian teams. Beginning in 1912, the Stanley Cup was awarded to the champions of professional rather than amateur hockey. The NHA was disbanded in 1917 and replaced by the National Hockey League (NHL). From 1926 on, the Stanley Cup has belonged to the NHL. From 1942 to 1967, there were six teams in the NHL : the Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadians, Boston Bruins, New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, and Chicago Black Hawks. Six more teams were added in 1967, and the league expanded further in 1970, 1972, and 1974. In 1979, the World Hockey Association (WHA), which had been formed in 1972, ceased operations. Its four surviving teams joined the NHL, raising the membership to 21 teams.

Amateur hockey has long been an important part of the North Americans sport scene. Increasing emphasis began to be placed on fairness and amateur sports in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Effort were made to provide children with the opportunity to learn and play ice hockey in supervised leagues rather than just on the local pond.

The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) was formed in 1914 to promote and regulate amateur hockey. Since then, it has operated country-wide junior and senior leagues. Today, it also organize leagues throughout the country for children aged 5 and up. About 600,000 players and 33,000 teams are currently registered with the CAHA.

The Mateur Hockey Association of the United State (AHAUS) was formed 1937. Originally, it had four leagues with fourteen teams. Today the AHAUS directs scores of leagues with thousands of players.

In 1920, hockey became an official sport at the Olympic Winter Games. The Canadian team won the first gold medal.

Ice

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 12:12:00 +0000

Everyone knows that water is important in our live. Without liquid water we could not live. Water also occurs naturally as a solid called ice ( and as gas, water vapor). Ice, too, is important in our lives.

We usually think of ice as something used cool beverages in summer, but it has other important uses. For example, we use it to keep food from spoiling.

Ice can also be dangerous. Ice in a frozen harbor can crush the hulls of ships. Floating island of ice the great icebergs of the North Atlantic have sunk many ships and caused much loss of life. And you know how dangerous icy road can be.

Ice from water

Let’s take the case of a small pond and see what happens as it freezes. During the summer the water becomes warmer. It absorbs heat from the sun, and it is in contact with the warm air. As winter approaches, the air temperature drops. The water then loses heat to the air, and its temperature falls.

To understand what happens next, you have to know another fact about water. It is heaviest at 40C (390F). At temperatures higher or lower than 40C, it is lighter.

As the surface of the pond cools to 40C, the water on the top becomes heavier and sinks to the bottom. When it sinks, it pushes warmer and lighter water up from below. The new surface water cools, sinks, and pushes more bottom water the surface. This circulation continues until all of the pond reaches a temperature of 40C.

When all water is at 40C, further cooling of surface water only makes it lighter. Therefore it stays at the surface. As a result, the pond starts to freeze at the surface, while the water at the bottom remains at 40C (390F).

Because water is heavier than ice, plant and animal life can survive in the water at the bottom. If ice were heavier than water, ponds and lakes would freeze from bottom. Few living things would survive in them.

BICYCLING

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:44:00 +0000

Bicycling is everyone’s path to fun, adventure, and good health. It is also a very inexpensive means of tranportation. All a bicycle needs to start you down the road is the poweer of your legs.
With gasoline prices rising, may people are turning to bicycles to go to and from work. Million of children ride their bicycles to school every day. Many school offer couses in bicycling, particulary in bicycling to those who complete certain requirements.
As exercise, bicycling strengthens the heart and lungs without putting severe strain on the body. For this reason, many physicians recommend bicycling for older as well as younger people. Today the bicycle is considered a means of better health, not simply a toy or a means of transportation. And bicycling is truly fun. On a bicycle, you can see thing at a leisurely pace. You can feel the breeze and hear and aromas. This is much more rewarding than speeding along in a car.
Bicycle tours are popular in Europe, and many countries have special bicycle oaths and trails. In the United States, cycling groups such as those organized by the American Youth Hostels and the League of American Wheelmen offer supervised outing for people of all ages.

Cell

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:42:00 +0000

Almost all living things are made of cells. Some tiny froms of life consist of only one cell. Larger forms of life are built of many cells. That is why cells are called the basic unit of life.
The human body is made of billions upon billions of cells are probably the bacteria. These one-celled forms of life can barely be seen even with a microscope. Nerve cells are probably the largest cells. Some of them are more than 3 feet long.

The microscope has shown that all cells have three main parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. The cell membrane is the outside surface of the cell. Inside the membrane is the cytoplasm. This is a mass of colorless material, which hold many other tiny cell parts. The nucleus is usually near the center of the cell. It is somewhat round in shape and has an outer membrane of its own.

There are many kinds of cells. Usually each kind does one special job. For example, in animals some cells expand and contract; these are muscle cells. Other cells are sensitive to light; these cells form the retina of the eyes.

Modern microscopes show that cells are far from simple. They contain many complicated structures. And there is constant activity going on in cells.
Food and oxygen pass steadily into the cell through the membrane. The cell changes them into energy. It uses the energy to do various kind of work. The cell also makes new cell material moiré living matter. Some waste matter is left over from these processes. It passes out of the cell through the membrane. So do worn-out cell materials.

With few exception, a single cell does not live very long. But if it divides, the two new cells start life afresh. That is, intead of aging and dying, the old cell becomes two new cells.
Plants and animals grow because of cell division continues. New cells replace old or worn out cells. As cell division slows, the body ages.

Although plant and animals cells differ from each other in some ways, in a broad sense they are alike. And so we say that the cell is the unit of life.

Cats

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:40:00 +0000

Attacking from ambush, an African lion charges a band of antelope and strikes one down with a single sledgehammer blow of its paw. Padding sil;ently through the Indian jungle, a Bengal tiger stalk an unsuspecting deer. Crouched on a limb, a South America jaguar tenses its muscles, then springs at a passing tapir.

Like all members of the cat family, these three big cats are expert trackers and hunters. They must be if they are to eat. They belong to the order Carnivora the meat eating mammals.
Cats vary in size from beasts smaller than the domestic tabby to Siberian tigers weighing 270 kilograms (600 pounds) or more. Their coats come in many colors and many striking pattern. In the wild, cats range throughout mos of the temperate regions of the world, except for Australia, Madagascar, and some of the Pacific islands.

Cartoons

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:39:00 +0000

Have you ever watched someone looking at amgazine? What deature attracts attention first? IF the mageazine contains cartoons, the reader will probably look at them before reading the stories or articles. People often do the same when reading a newspaper. The comic strips may be amusing, but the editorial cartoon can bring a frown instead of a smile.

Because they are ussualy entertaining and because it takes only a moment to look at them, cartoons are read by nearly everyone. Cartoon have a message, funny or serious. Cartoonist know that just about every reader of the publication in which their work is printed will react to their message. Cartoons may take us laugh, but they can also make us think about important matters.

Carnivals

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:37:00 +0000

What do you think of when you hear the world "carnival"? Doyou think of a traveling show that comes to town with exciting rides and games of chance? An entertainment put on by the local volunteer fire departemenjt or some other community organization to raise money? Or a yearly clebration like the Mardi Gras in New Orleans or the winter carnivals, and they aim to provide fun for people.

The world "carnival" comes from the Latin words carnem levare, "to put aside flesh [meat])." Its seems closely related also to the Latin expression carne vale! ("flesh, farewell1"). The carnival had its origin hundreds of years ago in the feasting and marrymaking just before the beginning of Lent. (Lent is the long period of penance before Easter during which Christians may fast and eat no meat).

CARIBBEAN SEA AND ISLANDS

noreply@blogger.com (admin) — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 09:35:00 +0000

South of the United Stated, starting at a point about 160 kilometers (100 miles) from the tip of Florida, lie the Caribbean islands, known also as the Atilles. The Antilles from an arc stretching about 3,220 kilometers (2,000 miles) east and south to the coast of Venezuela. Between this this arc of islands and the mainland of North, South, and Central America lies the Caribbean Sea. An arm of the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean covers an area of about 1,942,500 square kilometers (750,000 square miles). The Panama Canal connect the Caribbean with the Pacific Ocean, making the sea a major waterway.

Named for the Carib Indians who once inhabited the smaller islands, the sea is known for its clear blue color. The temperature of the water rarely falls below 240 C (750F). Beautiful tropical fish and fascinating marine life, including many kinds of coral, thrive in the mild water. Swimming, fishing, and snorkeling are popuylar sports.

There are several hundreds island in the Caribbean. The four largest, known as the Carribean. The four largest, known as the Greater Antilles, are Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamiaca, and Puerto Rico. These coprise more than 90 percent of the land area are the home of over 80 percent of the inhabitans. East and south are Lesser Antilles, which are made up of the Leeward and the Windward islands. Except for fall huriricanes, which sometimes cause great damage, the climate troughout the area is pleasant. Temperatures average about 21 to 290C (70 to 850F).

Tourism is a major source of income. Sugarcane, spices, limes, bananas, oranges, cacao, and coffee are among the products grown, and most of these are exported. In the Virgin Islands and the Dominican Republic cattle raising is a major industry. Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad produce petroleum, and Jamaica has large deposits of bauxite, a chief source alumunium.