pathfinder-cs.com

Simplifying UPSC CSAT 2012: UPSC 2012 Info: Civil Services 2012 Notification:C...

2012-02-04T03:10:00.000-08:00

Simplifying UPSC CSAT 2012: UPSC 2012 Info: Civil Services 2012 Notification:C...: UPSC 2012 Info: Civil Services 2012 Notification:CSP Examination : UPSC Examination Notice No. 04/2012-CSP Dated 11 February 2012 (Last ...

Career in Computer Science after BTech

2011-09-08T05:02:00.000-07:00

Career in Computer Science After B.Sc.(Engg.)/BE/BTech:

After doing Engineering in Computer Science or Information Technology field, there are several options to choose as a career. Freshers can seek challenging job opportunity, or can aspire to join specialization in his/her interest area.

Grabbing Job

Software Engineer/Developer in Service Sector Company (List of TOP service sector companies)
Software Engineer/Developer in Product Based Company (List of TOP product based companies)
Job in Public Sector Companies (List of TOP public sector companies)
Job in Government R&D institutions (List of TOP government R&D institutions)
Research Scholar in R&D Company/Organisation (List of TOP R&D companies)
Opening Coaching Centre for Entrance Examinations

Higher Study

Higher Study in India - ME/MTech/MS(Res.) --> Attempt for GATE Exam
Higher Study abroad - Masters Programmes in Foreign University --> Attempt for GRE Exam
Direct admission in Doctoral Programs (PhD)
Higher Study in Management in India - MBA --> Attempt for CAT Exam
Higher Study in Management Abroad - MBA --> Attempt for GMAT Exam

Before Choosing Career in Computer Science :

Computer science (CS) spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas. The work of computer scientists falls into three categories: a) designing and building software; b) developing effective ways to solve computing problems, such as storing information in databases, sending data over networks or providing new approaches to security problems; and c) devising new and better ways of using computers and addressing particular challenges in areas such as robotics, computer vision, or digital forensics (although these specializations are not available in all computer science programs). Most computer science programs require some mathematical background.

Let us consider what is involved in a career path in each area.

Career Path 1: Designing and implementing software. This refers to the work of software development which has grown to include aspects of web development, interface design, security issues, mobile computing, and so on. This is the career path that the majority of computer science graduates follow. While a bachelor’s degree is generally sufficient for entry into this kind of career, many software professionals return to school to obtain a terminal master’s degree. (Rarely is a doctorate involved.) Career opportunities occur in a wide variety of settings including large or small software companies, large or small computer services companies, and large organizations of all kinds (industry, government, banking, healthcare, etc.). Degree programs in software engineering also educate students for this career path.
Career Path 2: Devising new ways to use computers. This refers to innovation in the application of computer technology. A career path in this area can involve advanced graduate work, followed by a position in a research university or industrial research and development laboratory; it can involve entrepreneurial activity such as was evident during the dot-com boom of the 1990s; or it can involve a combination of the two.
Career Path 3: Developing effective ways to solve computing problems. This refers to the application or development of computer science theory and knowledge of algorithms to ensure the best possible solutions for computationally intensive problems. As a practical matter, a career path in the development of new computer science theory typically requires graduate work to the Ph.D. level, followed by a position in a research university or an industrial research and development laboratory.
Career Path 4: Planning and managing organizational technology infrastructure. This is the type of work for which the new information technology (IT) programs explicitly aim to educate students.

Career paths 2 and 3 are undenably in the domain of computer science graduates. Career paths 1 and 4 have spawned the new majors in software engineering and information technology, respectively, and information systems graduates often follow Career path 1, too. Computer scientists continue to fill these positions, but programs in software engineering, information technology, and information systems offer alternative paths to these careers.

Courtesy: http://computingcareers.acm.org/?page_id=8

Top Product Based Software Companies for Placements

2011-09-08T04:58:00.001-07:00

List of Product Based Software Companies (Placements) in India:

Google
Microsoft
Yahoo!
Amazon
Gemalto (R&D office in Singapore)
Opera

Top Technical Research and Development Organisations in India

2011-09-08T04:50:00.000-07:00

AMIE
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO)
Center for Development of Advance Computing (CDAC)
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
Cryptology Research Society of India
Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Indian Laser Association
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
National Centre for Science Communicators
National Informatics Centre (NIC)
National Innovation Foundation
Sarabhai Institute of Science and Technology
Science Olympiad Foundation
Tamil Nadu Technology Development and Promotion Centre
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
Vigyan Parishad

*underlined orgnisations are TOP technical R&D organisations

Navratna Public Sector Companies in India

2011-09-08T04:32:00.001-07:00

List of NAVRATNA Public Sector Companies in India

Bharat Electronics Limited
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
GAIL (India) Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
National Aluminium Company Limited
National Mineral Development Corporation Limited
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
Oil India Limited
Power Finance Corporation Limited
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
Shipping Corporation of India Limited

Maharatna Public Sector Companies in India

2011-09-08T04:29:00.000-07:00

List of MAHARATNA Public Sector Companies in India

Coal India Limited
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
NTPC Limited
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
Steel Authority of India Limited

Top Ten Public Sector Companies

2011-09-08T02:46:00.000-07:00

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC)
Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
Oil India Limited (OIL)
PowerGrid
Bharat Shanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

Top Ten Companies for off Campus Placements

2011-09-08T02:40:00.000-07:00

TOP Ten Companies (Service Sector companies) For Off Campus Recruitment :

TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES (TCS) LIMITED
WIPRO LIMITED
INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
HINDUSTAN COMPUTERS LIMITED (HCL)
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY LIMITED CTS
ACCENTURE
TECH MAHINDRA LTD
IBM GLOBAL
I-FLEX SOLUTIONS LIMITED
CMC LIMITED

MORE TOP COMPANIES (SERVICE SECTOR) FOR OFF CAMPUS:

MPHASIS BFL LIMITED
MASTEK LIMITED
NIIT LIMITED
BIRLA SOFT
SYNTEL
TATA INFOTECH LIMITED

Microsoft Placement Paper

2007-09-28T11:26:00.000-07:00

MICROSOFT Placement Paper

The paper had three sections:

Verbal ability 25 qs 20 mts
Mental ability 25 qs 30 mts
Aptitude 20 qs 20 mts

The first section had basic English questions like use of prepositions, articles and two passages (both windows related):
first one was about RAM, and how Windows assigns a bit of RAM to each process and
what happens in the case of multi-processing and all that.
The second one was about DLL (Dynamic Linked Library) files and how they get an operation
done.
These passages were followed by a set of questions which were simple if you carefully read the
passage.
Advice:Better read the passages first clearly and only then start to answer the questions that follow. If you try to jump off in the middle to answer, you’ll only end up
confused(because the choices given are such). That wraps up this section.

The second section mainly had questions involving union and intersection, for example:
There are 2500 people in a club. 800 were drinkers, 1250 were smokers and 400 were both
drinkers and smokers. The number of teetotalers?
There was not much variation from question to question; I mean all were more or less of the
same pattern.
And there were cube-based problems:
A child was given to paint a cube with the following conditions:
White should face down.
Black and blue should be on the opposite faces.
Golden should be up.
..and some more like this. This was followed by a set of questions which were simple and direct.

The second one was a tough.
The cube again, with some conditions for colours. It is cut into two halves parallel to the black
faced plane. The first half is cut into 4 equal cubes. And the second part into 32 equal cubes.
The questions were:
Number of cubes with at least one face coloured.
Number of cubes with no face coloured.
Number of cubes which have green on one of their faces.

Subscribe to pathfinder-cs.com to get more papers.

Adobe placement paper

2007-09-28T11:20:00.000-07:00

गूगल interview puzzle

2007-09-17T11:42:00.000-07:00

EGG PROBLEM

The Standard Problem in simple writing goes like this:

* You are given 2 eggs.
* You have access to a 100-storey building.
* Eggs can be very hard or very fragile means it may break if dropped from the first floor or may not even break if dropped from 100 th floor.Both eggs are identical.
* You need to figure out the highest floor of a 100-storey building an egg can be dropped without breaking.
* Now the question is how many drops you need to make. You are allowed to break 2 eggs in the process

If you are one of the people who likes to solve a puzzle before seeing the answer you must quit the blog now and come back later for checking the answer.

Now that this is a Google interview question I am taking the normal "Interview-Style" of solving a problem. Simply saying thinking aloud through the solution from worst to the best correcting the flows optimizing the solution or taking the 5-minute hard thinking acting pause to a problem, which you know already and just want to make your interviewer think that you are a challenge lover.fool the digger!

Solution

Drop the first egg from 50.If it breaks you can try the same approach for a 50-storey building (1 to 49) and try it from 25th floor. If it did not break try at 75th floor. And use linear search with the remaining portion of storey we need to test. For example if the first egg breaks at 50 we need to try all possibilities from 1 to 49.

Now this looks a feasible solution. In computer student's jargon do a binary search with first egg and linear search with the second one. Best case is log (100) and worst is 50.

Now the optimal solution for the problem is that you figure out that you will eventually end up with a linear search because you have no way of deciding the highest floor with only one egg (If you broke one egg and you have to find the answer among 10 all you can do is start from the lowest to the highest and the worst is the total number of floors). So the whole question grinds up to how to make use of the first egg to reduce the linear testing of the egg.

(For strict computer science students, well this problem can be solved using binary search on the number of drops needed to find the highest floor.)

Now let x be the answer we want, the number of drops required.

So if the first egg breaks maximum we can have x-1 drops and so we must always put the first egg from height x. So we have determined that for a given x we must drop the first ball from x height. And now if the first drop of the first egg doesn’t breaks we can have x-2 drops for the second egg if the first egg breaks in the second drop.

Taking an example, lets say 16 is my answer. That I need 16 drops to find out the answer. Lets see whether we can find out the height in 16 drops. First we drop from height 16,and if it breaks we try all floors from 1 to 15.If the egg don’t break then we have left 15 drops, so we will drop it from 16+15+1 =32nd floor. The reason being if it breaks at 32nd floor we can try all the floors from 17 to 31 in 14 drops (total of 16 drops). Now if it did not break then we have left 13 drops. and we can figure out whether we can find out whether we can figure out the floor in 16 drops.

Lets take the case with 16 as the answer

1 + 15 16 if breaks at 16 checks from 1 to 15 in 15 drops
1 + 14 31 if breaks at 31 checks from 17 to 30 in 14 drops
1 + 13 45 .....
1 + 12 58
1 + 11 70
1 + 10 81
1 + 9 91
1 + 8 100 We can easily do in the end as we have enough drops to accomplish the task

Now finding out the optimal one we can see that we could have done it in either 15 or 14 drops only but how can we find the optimal one. From the above table we can see that the optimal one will be needing 0 linear trials in the last step.

So we could write it as

(1+p) + (1+(p-1))+ (1+(p-2)) + .........+ (1+0) >= 100.

Let 1+p=q which is the answer we are looking for

q (q+1)/2 >=100

Solving for 100 you get q=14.
So the answer is: 14
Drop first orb from floors 14, 27, 39, 50, 60, 69, 77, 84, 90, 95, 99, 100... (i.e. move up 14 then 13, then 12 floors, etc) until it breaks (or doesn't at 100).

Please feel free to correct or post any comment on the solution or the answer.

Links I found useful

OR/MS Games: 4. The Joy of Egg-Dropping in Braunschweig and Hong Kong

Puzzle from Techinterview.org