Persian Wisdom

A really "cool" research facility

2012-02-15T23:59:00.001-06:00

This article was posted on Wednesday, February 8, 2012 on ‘What's Happening at the U of M’.

It may seem a bit idiosyncratic for a Canadian university to build a special experimental facility for making ice (and hockey is not involved), but this research laboratory may be the key to helping scientists better understand climate change.

The Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility (SERF) is the first of its kind in Canada: a large, outdoor, saltwater pond equipped with a suite of state-of-the-art analytical instruments. Researchers will watch and monitor the formation of sea ice on the water for comparison with what occurs in the high Arctic. By “growing” sea ice under controlled conditions, scientists will better understand how sea ice forms and melts on polar oceans, and gain insight into the processes that regulate the exchange of molecules between the ocean and atmosphere.

Sea Ice (courtesy of National Geography)

With a total funding of $1.38 million, the SERF facility is of fundamental importance to the research mission of the University, which has identified climate change and northern studies as a major thrust for research and research training.

“By creating sea ice at a land-locked prairie research facility to study the impact of climate change, we are turning innovative ideas into reality at the University of Manitoba,” said president David Barnard. "I congratulate our visionary researchers for finding solutions to real-world problems and our partners for their support and commitment.”

The main feature of the SERF facility is an outdoor pool, 60 feet long, 30 feet wide and 8 feet deep. It is equipped with a movable roof to control snow cover, and various sensors and instruments to allow real-time monitoring. The SERF facility also includes a trailer laboratory and a storage building.

Along with concurrent field studies onboard the Canadian Research Icebreaker CCGS Amundsen in the Arctic Ocean, experimental studies at SERF are expected to improve our ability to predict the impact of the rapid sea-ice loss on the marine ecosystem, on Arctic and global climates, on transport and biogeochemical cycles of greenhouse gases and contaminants and on the human use of sea ice.

“This state-of-the-art facility will help researchers advance our understanding of the complex dynamics of sea ice and its impact on climate,” said Gilles G. Patry, president and CEO of the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). “SERF will draw on the talents of top investigators from around the world whose work will have a real and positive impact on Northern communities and ecosystems.”

“This is an example of the innovative and cutting-edge projects the Manitoba Research and Innovation Fund supports,” said Innovation, Energy and Mines Minister Dave Chomiak. “Understanding the effects of climate change has never been more important and I wish the University of Manitoba continued success on this initiative.”

Søren Rysgaard, Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Arctic Geomicrobiology and Climate Change, received funding in January from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), some of which will be put to work in this facility. What will be learned will have broad economic and environmental impact and will be applied to environmental assessment and resource development in the Arctic and its resultant impact on Indigenous peoples of the region. Rysgaard was appointed CERC in 2010 and studies the geomicrobiological aspects of this critical habitat, how it will alter amid a changing climate and how it affects global CO2 balance and carbon sequestration.

The SERF is funded by CFI, the Manitoba Research and Innovation Fund, and the University of Manitoba. The project is led by Drs. Feiyue Wang, Tim Papakyriakou, David Barber (Canada Research Chair in Arctic System Science) and Søren Rysgaard of the Centre for Earth Observation Science in the Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth and Resources at the University of Manitoba.

My Paper on Climate Change Adaptation

2012-01-16T14:14:00.002-06:00

Here is my major paper's introductory part for the climate course I had at NRI in Fall, 2011. If it happens for anyone wish to have the full paper, let me know by email.

The Functionality of Climate Data Availability and Management on the Promotion of Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Planning

Kian Abbasnezhadi

Natural Resources Institute, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources

University of Manitoba

In the course of the last century, climate change, either through uncontrolled natural processes or via the effects of the human activities on the biophysical environment, has induced significant impacts on natural processes as well as human’s life. Increased rate of recurrences of such incidents as heat waves, forest fires, decrease in summer and Autumn River flows, flooding, and coastal erosion and degradation are just few examples of many already observed impacts of the climate change [1].

Any research studies and efforts to realize the past climatic events as well as the future predictions have been mainly induced by such impacts, and such researches are extremely vital for accurate and well-modeled forecasts – in line with the climate change’s impact – to address the local along with the global policies in implementing proper adaptation action plans. This means that a more accurate (with the lowest possible extend of bias) and better designed adaptation policy in regard with the impacts of the changing climate may be achieved by having a clear command of the past events and a profound insight of any future projection. In fact, when it comes to the implementation of the policies to address any adaptation measure, climate impacts, as the cause of the problem for which such measurements are considered, may induce two concerns. One is to establish a plan on how to deal with the resources in such a way to arrive at a sustainable response, and the other one is dealing with how to apply the concluded policy [2]. The first of these two concerns, in turn, impose several other constraints as well. Two of the main constraints which are the points of the current paper are:

The availability and generation of the climate data over which temporal and spatial changes could be comprehended to establish a clear picture of the nature of the problem, and;
The management of any available as well as continuously generating data.

Each of these problems is discussed in detail, providing an understanding on how the climate data availability and management may promote better adaptation policies.

Resources:

[1]	D. Lemmen, F. Warren, . J. Lacroix and E. Bush, "From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007," Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 2008.
[2]	J. Hovi, D. F. Sprinz and A. Underdal, "Implementing Long-Term Climate Policy: Time Inconsistency, Domestic Politics, International Anarchy," Global Environment Politics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 20-39, 2009.

خلیج پارس سبزگون

2011-12-15T14:01:00.002-06:00

برای دیدن نسخه بزرگتر این تصویر بر روی آن کلیک کنید

در اوایل دسامبر ۲۰۱۱، رنگ های مختلفی از قهوه ای مایل به زرد تا سبز طاووسی، خلیج پارس را دربر گرفتند. تصویربردار اسپکترورادیومتر با دقت متوسط (MODIS) ماهواره ی آکوای (Aqua) ناسا، این تصویر با رنگهای طبیعی را از خلیج پارس در تاریخ ۱۲ دسامبر ۲۰۱۱ برداشت کرده است.

عوامل متعددی را می تواند برای توجیه رنگ سبز به حساب آورد. یکی از این عوامل می تواند فیتوپلانکتون های کوچکی (ارگانیسم های گیاه مانند دریایی) که در آب زندگی می کنند، باشد. محتوای کلروفیل فیتوپلانکتون ها اغلب در تصاویر ماهواره ای (با رنگ طبیعی) به رنگ سبز روشن یا آبی دیده میشوند، و یه همین علت، فیتوپلانکتون ها ممکن است در این تصاویر حضور داشته باشند. اما این پدیده تنها دو روز پس از طوفان گرد و غباری که سوریه و عراق را در نوردید رخ داد. همین بادها که حامل گرد و غبار بودند، به احتمال زیاد عامل ایجاد امواجی شدند که بستر دریا را در این منطقه مشوش کرد، و باعث تعلیق رسوبات در آب دریا شد. رسوبات مقدار نوری که از آب دریا به بیرون انعکاس داده میشود را افزایش میدهد و نیز ممکن است باعث افزایش سبزینه کلروفیل و پلانکتوهای موجود در آب دریا شود.

منبع

Persian Wisdom is now a 'Website'

2011-12-12T12:44:00.002-06:00

On Oct 3rd, 2003, I published my first post in Persian Wisdom, which until yesterday was a weblog. Now, after more than 8 years, Persian Wisdom becomes a website. Back in 2003, I called my weblog, Persian Wisdom ! I don't know why! Maybe just cause I want to say something about how Persian wisdom might be like, or may be just to show the world that I'm a Persian! Whatever that reason was, Persian Wisdom has always tried to watch the world through a wise-like glass, and it has never tried to overwhelm itself with Persian-bound stuff. When I wrote my first post in here, I could have never thought I would continue writing more than a week or so, but now 8 years! Okay, there were times when I didn't write for some 2, 3, or even more months. But, never, not even once my mind was haunted to stop this weblog, or stop writing. I had started to write, and no wisdom whether Persian or not never suggests anything stationary. I mean I cannot stop being alive, I cannot stop being dynamic. I may become silent and paused at times, but my wisdom may never imagine becoming paused. In fact, I can say I made Persian Wisdom to show the world that I, as a Persian, am trying to expose my Wisdom to the unknowns, and thus in this way, encouraging others to start writing, exposing theirs as well. I wish someday there would be thousands of websites, weblogs, and pages all over the worldwide web with such names as Chinese Wisdom, Indian Wisdom, American Wisdom, French Wisdom, English Wisdom, African Wisdom, etc. What I'm sure of is that Persian Wisdom would never stop writing, and I promise I would try my best to keep more up to it, writing more. I'm proud of my Persian Wisdom, not cause its Persian, but cause its my wisdom, and well I'm a Persian!

Kian - 12/12/2011

kian@persianwis.com

A Concept

2011-11-09T17:30:00.001-06:00

A few weeks back, I was thinking of a proposal for my Climate course at the NRI (Natural Resources Institute) here in UofM, while at the same time I was mainly working on my assignment for the statistical analysis course. So, while I was trying to write the Matlab function to do one of the problems, some notion attracted me which really sounded weird. However, it was just a raw idea that one should spend time reading all those stuff required to be known about the Social Behaviour and the Sustainable Development concepts. Anyway, cause I know I won’t do anything in this area in the future, I decided to publish my concepts for anyone who is interested. You may use it (But just please let me know). So, here we go.

Climate Change Adaptation though the Sustainable Development

A Social Behaviour Study

In the following concepts, the mean idea is to simulate the behavioral format of the societies through the course of their approach towards a sustainable development. Samples may represent individuals, social groups, or even governments. The main idea here is to provide a local as well as global setup for a better approach towards the sustainable development.

Concept 1) 25 samples of length 1000 (Figure 1c) show a better behavioral trend than those of smaller length, say length 100 or 10 (Figure 1b & 1a, respectively).

Figure 1

Concept 2) Also, if a 25 samples of 1000 observations each are viewed in the presence of two 25 samples of length 100 and 10 each, the behaviour of the less populated samples (here, of length 100 and 10) mimics the higher populated samples (i.e. here of those with length 1000). The smaller a sample size is, the more is the imitative behaviour of that sample (Figure 2).

Figure 2

Concept 3) In the presence of more populated samples, the less populated ones travel a shorter distance to reach the maximum possible status of all samples (Figure 2).

Concept 4) The highest disturbances are generally seen around the middle part of the samples (the width of samples’ distributions at their midway) (Figure 1 & 2). This is more true for more populated samples as those with less observations show a rather more uniform behaviour along the way.

The following Matlab code was used to simulate the trends by using the built-in uniform random number generator; rand.

function r = behaviour(n)

x = [1:n];

fx = (x/50)/(n/500);

plot (x,fx,'r')

hold on

for i = 1:25

plot ([1:n],sort(10*rand(1,n)));

end

اینجا کانادا، دریاچه پارس

2011-10-06T00:39:00.003-05:00

از اونجایی که روی کره ی ماه تقریبن تعداد غیر قابل شمارشی دهانه ی برخوردی وجود داره (فقط ۳۰۰۰۰۰ تا از اونها بالای ۱ کیلومتر قطر دارند) [1]، به همین دلیل هم وقتی خیلی میخوان به یه نفر یا یه گروه حال بدن و احترام بگذارن، اسمشو میزارن روی یکی از همین دهانه های برخوردی یا حتا چاله چوله ای چیزی. مثلن یکی از دهانه های برخوردی روی کره ی ماه اسمش هست: "ابن سینا"[2] یا یکی دیگه "بیرونی"[3] (ابوریحان بیرونی). حتا تازگی ها هم شروع کردن به اسم گذاری دهانه های برخوردی روی سیاره ی تیر (عطارد)، و یکی از این دهانه ها رو "فردوسی" نام گذاری کردند. [4]

الغرض، چند روز پیش که داشتم دنبال یک مطلب خاص در ارتباط با کارم میگشتم، با ۲ تا اسم جالب بر خورد کردم.

اینجا تو کانادا درست مثل کره ی ماه که تعداد بیشماری دهانه ی برخوردی وجود داره، تعداد بیشماری دریاچه و آبگیر و برکه و ... وجود داره. چیزی در حدوده ۳ میلیون دریاچه تو کانادا هست، [5] (مقایسه کنید با حدود ۱۰-۲۰ تا دریاچه ای که ما تو ایران داریم: دریاچه ارومیه، جازموریان، هامون، بختگان، مهارلو، نمک، پریشان، و ...) که خیلی هاشون یا خشک شدن، مثل دریاچه بختگان، دریاچه پریشان، دریاچه نمک و چندتای دیگه و یا دارن جون میدن، مثل دریاچه ارومیه (دیروز داشتم عکسهای MODIS رو نگاه میکردم، که دیدم حدودن ۱/۴ دریاچه کاملن خشک شده، و باقی دریاچه هم روی مرز بحران هست). بگذریم، بله، چیزی در حدود ۳ میلیون دریاچه اینجا تو کانادا هست که میتونید اسم اصلیترین هاشون رو اینجا بخونید.

ولی جالب اینجا هست که باید برای باقی اون ۳ میلیون تا هم تا اونجایی که بشه اسم پیدا کرد و این کار هم به عهده ی سرویس هیدروگرافیک کانادا (Canadian Hydrographic Service) هست. [6] از بین اسمهایی که انتخاب میشه باز هم مثل کره ی ماه در بسیاری موارد اسم افراد یا مکانهای دیگر روی دریاچه ها گذشته میشه. مثلن اسم یکی از این دریاچه ها هست: Pekwachnamaykoskwaskwaypinwanik،[7] که یک اسم سرخ پوستی هست (Cree Language) به معنای: "جایی که میتوان با قلاب ماهیگیری قزل آلای وحشی شکار کرد".

(حالا شما فرض کنید، خدای نکرده بخواهید برید کنار این دریاچه چند ساعت ریلکس کنید، اون وقت بعدش که اومدید خونه، بابا بزرگتون ازتون میپرسه کجا بودی نوه عزیزم؟! اون وقت واقعن میخواید چه کار کنید؟! باید بگید هیچی، رفته بودم دریاچه "پکواچنامایکوسکواسکوایپینوانیک" شکار قزل آلای وحشی با قلاب ماهیگیری !!!)

ولی جالب تر اینکه اسم یکی از این دریاچه ها هم هست: Persian Lake !!!

منابع:

Wave Clouds over North of Iran, and off the Coasts of Mazandarān – April 13, 2011

2011-05-16T12:34:00.002-05:00

Satellite: Terra / Date Acquired: 13/4/2011 / Resolutions: 1km / Bands Used: 1,4,3
Credit: Jeff Schmaltz MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC

As the inset image shows, an intricate pattern of dust and clouds illustrate strong winds blowing over the Caspian Sea, and creating a formation known as wave clouds. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Terra satellite captured this true-color image on April 13, 2011.

On that day, a thick layer of dust had also obscured the south-western parts of Iran, north-western tips of the Persian Gulf, the whole Kuwait, north-eastern parts of the peninsula, and some central and southern parts of Iraq. Some dust particles had reached by as far as the shores and some western parts of Turkmenistan where the pressure system over the Caspian region had pushed them off the coasts of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and Turkey.

Along the northern shores of Iran, lines of clouds lie in parallel rows just over and also off the coasts of the Mazandarān province of the country. The clouds are forming at the crests of waves within the atmosphere.

As dry wind blows towards the southeast, it pushes into a wall of warmer, moist air that lies over the Mazandarān province. As these two air masses collide, the cool air pushes under the warmer layer, causing it to rise. As the warm air rises, it loses heat and cools, and falls again. These undulations cause a wave effect in the atmosphere.

At the top of the high-altitude waves, the colder air cannot hold as much moisture as warmer air, and the clouds form by condensation. Although this is a complex event, when seen from space, the result is a simple, but beautiful white patterns across the land as well as the sea.

Towards the southwest, the clouds have been squeezed together, barely beholding their parallel patterns. That has been resulted by the high wall of Alborz Mountains preventing the clouds to move further south into the central regions of Iran.

The clouds are forming at the peak of the atmospheric wave. Underneath these peaks, the land and the sea are undisturbed, because the peak of the wave is far above the ground and the water's surface.

The concept behind some parts of this post as well as the image has been derived from the NASA’s MODIS website. Image credits goes to Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC.

اثری از ترژه ،El Teide کوهستان

2011-05-02T08:00:00.004-05:00

The Mountain from TSO Photography on Vimeo.

این هم یک شاهکار هنری دیگر از ترژه، هنرمندی که این تصاویر را از فراز قله ۳۷۱۸ متری El Teide در کشور اسپانیا در فاصله زمانی ۲۲-۱۵ فروردین ۱۳۹۰ ثبت کرد. آنگونه که خود توضیح میدهد، آنجا یکی از بهترین مکانهای جهان برای عکسبرداری از ستارگان میباشد و به همین دلیل میزبان رصدخانه های Tiede نیز میباشد که از بهترین رصد خانه های جهان هستند.

ترژه هدف خود از بالا رفتن از این کوهستان را تصویربرداری از بازوی جبار کهکشان راه شیری در کنار مناظر چشم نواز اطراف کوهستان El Tiede بیان میکند. وی همچنین این کار را یکی از سخت ترین تجربیات خود میداند چرا که برای ثبت این تصاویر و مناظر نیاز به کوهنوردی طاقت فرسایی بود و با توجه به ارتفاع بلند کوهستان، سختی کار دوچندان مینمود. ترژه قبل از انجام این تصویربرداری، خود به تنهایی چندین و چند بار (۱۱-۱۰ بار) با صعود به این کوهستان، مکانهایی را که از ارزش بالایی برای تصویربرداری برخوردار بودند را شناسایی و بدین ترتیب با ثبت این تصاویر شاهکاری هنری را به وجود آورد که با توجه به زمان و انرژی که صرف شناسایی مکانهای دیدنی و حمل ابزار مورد نیاز برای خلق این اثر شده است، دارای ارزشی معادل با اثری هنری و اعجاب انگیز میباشد.

بعلاوه، در حالی که در تاریخ ۲۰ فروردین توفان صحرایی برخاسته از صحرای آفریقا مناطقی از جنوب فرانسه و اسپانیا را در بر گرفته بود، تصویربرداری را بنا بر پیشبینی ها غیر ممکن مینمود. با این حال، همانطور که از تصاویر برمیآید و خود ترژه نیز بدان اشاره میکند، دوربین این توفان را نه تنها تهدیدی نیافت، بلکه از این فرصت برای هرچه زیباتر کردن تصاویر بهره جست. به گونه ای که گویی ابرهایی از جنس طلا، آسمان اطراف محل تصویربرداری را زرافشان کرده اند. پهنه کهکشان راه شیری از میان این ابرها اثری لایزال و بی نظیر را به نمایش در میآورد.

به اندازه ایی این مناظر زیبا هستند و به قدری این تصاویر چشم نواز و این آهنگ دل انگیزست که آدمی تاب تحمل این همه زیبایی که در این جهان هستی میباشد و این هنرمند به زیبایی هرچه تمام تر آنها را به نمایش گذاشته است ندارد، اشک شوق و تحسین جاری و لب به ستایش یگانه خالق تمامی این زیبایی ها خواهد گشود.

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یک طرفه به قاضی نروید

2011-04-27T17:11:00.000-05:00

چندی پیش، یک نوشته ای گذاشته بودم با این موضوع: کشکی کشکی. حالا من اینجا یک قسمت کوتاهی از اون نوشته قبلی خودم رو میارم و بعدش میرم سر اصل مطلب.

[عرضم به حضور مبارکتون که] اگه کشک دم دستتون دارید (از اون کشک هایی که گرد هست و خشکه و باید بذاری توی لپت تا خیس بخوره). اگه از این کشک ها دارید، روزی یکی حتما بخورید، چون از سرطان جلوگیری میکنه.

با خوندن این چیزی که در مورد کشک گفتم، چی فکر کردید؟ اگه فورن به این فکر افتادید که حالا کشک از کجام بیارم! از اون تیپ آدمهایی هستید که برای القای یک ایده به مغزتون نیازی به کار تخصصی و سخت نیست، مثل [همه] مردم. اما اگه با خودتون اندیشیدید که این صحبت در مورد کشک رو، علی از کجاش درآورده؟! [مراجه کنید به متن کشکی کشکی تا کاملن در جریان قرار بگیریدکه علی دیگه کی هست این وسط] ما که همچین چیزی تا حالا نشنیده بودیم! چه دلیل علمی برای این ادعا وجود داره؟ آیا دانشگاه کمبریج مقاله داده؟ توی کدوم لابراتواری در موردش تحقیق شده؟ مقاله اش توی کدوم [ژورنال علمی] معتبری منتشر شده؟ - اگه این سوالها در ذهنتون ایجاد شده باشه، شما رو به راحتی نمیشه مورد برخورد ایده های نادرست، تحریف شده و بی منطق و بی دلیل علمی [و یا غیر علمی] قرار داد، ولی یه نکته مهم؛ حتی شما هم مصون نیستید. [دِ خب آخه چرا؟!] [علتش اینه که] واژه ای در انگلیسی وجود داره که [همه باهاش آشنایی دارید]، اما بیشتر با معنی متداول اون تا اون معنی که مد نظر منه. اون واژه اینه:

Suggest: To tell a plan to somebody in order to think about it.

اما معنی بسیار مهم دیگه ای هم داره که مکاران و خیانت کاران به بشریت روی اون بسیار کار میکنن:

Suggest: To put an idea into somebody's mind in the way that they believe it without thinking about it.

القا ایده، بدون اینکه تو در موردش حتی فکر کنی.

این کار از متخصصین بر میاد و بهش میگن: Power of Suggestion. ابتدا روی مغز شما به عنوان یه شخص یا یه گروه یا یه جامعه کار میشه، ذهنتون آماده پذیرا شدن ایده ها میشه، بعد ایده القا میشه و براتون تبدیل به یه باور جاودانه میشه. اگه قبول کردید که کشک برای جلوگیری از سرطان خوبه، ببیین چه باور هایی کشک تر از کشک وجود داره که اونها رو بدون دلیل قبول کرده اید.

حالا بریم سر اصل مطلب. از اینجای بحث به بعد از قسمتهایی از نوشته یکی از وبسایت های مذهبی استفاده کردم که سندیت صحبتهایی که اونجا شده رو به کمک یکی از دوستانم که به زبان عربی اشراف کامل دارند رو تایید میکنم. هیچ وقت هم فکر نمیکردم که توی این وبنوشتم حرفی تا این حد مذهبی بزنم، برای دفاع از مذهب. چونکه من خودم چندان مذهبی نیستم، ولی یه سری اعتقاداتی دارم که باید گاهی اوقات باهاشون و گاهی هم براشون اونقدر بجنگم تا بلخره یا من پیروز بشم و باورهام رو تقویت کنم یا باز هم خود خودم روی باورهای گذشته ام خط بکشم و بگم: زرشـــــک! حالا فعلن تا اینجا که اون خود اولیه مرتبن پیروز بوده و من هم نتیجتن باورهام تقویت شدند. بگذریم.

حدیث تحریفی از امام حسین

در ارتباط با تصویری که گذاشتم، باید بگم که اخیرن مشاهده شده که شخصی، حدیثی از امام حسین رو نقل [و همون طور که در ادامه توضیح میدم تحریف] کرده. ترجمه این شخص را در تصویر میبینید. اگر به متن کتابی که در زیر تصویر آمده رجوع کنید، حدیث از امام تنها همین چند جمله است: "نحن قریش و شیعتنا العرب و عدونا العجم" که ترجمه آن هم واضح است: "ما قریش هستیم و شیعیان ما عرب هستند و دشمنان ما عجم هستند".

مابقی نوشته ها توضیح حدیث است و جالب است که در اینجا دو اشتباه صورت پذیرفته. در عکس خودتان توجه کنید و ببنید این شخص چه کار کرده. اول توضیح مؤلف را جزء حدیث دانسته. دوم همین توضیح مولف را بد ترجمه کرده. ترجمه صحیح توضیح مؤلف این هست: "عربی که شيعه ما باشد ممدوح و شايسته است، اگر چه عجم و غير عرب باشد و اما عجم (غير عربي) که دشمن ما اهل بيت باشد مذموم و ناشايسته است اگر چه عرب باشد. سوم اینکه خود مؤلف کتاب در مذمت کار خلیفه دوم یعنی عمر مطلبی نوشته و آنرا نکوهش نموده که این شخص این را هم جزء حدیث پنداشته. حال مولف کتاب در مورد عمر چه گفته: "لما ورد سبي الفرس أَراد عمر بن الخطاب بيع النساء و أَن يجعل الرجال عبيد العرب". ترجمه‌: "هنگامي که اسيران ايراني وارد مدينه شدند، خليفه دوم خواست که زنهايشان را بفروشد و مردانشان را بردگان عرب قرار دهد".

کاملن مشهود هست که در اینجا کاری از کارهای خلیفه دوم یعنی جناب عمر نقل شده و آن مترجم بی سواد این را جزء نظر امام حسین گرفته! عجب! حالا جالبتر اینکه این آقا دنباله حدیث را نقل نکرده. مولف کتاب در تقبیح بیشتر این کار خلیفه دوم، بیان امام علی به عمر را می آورد: "فقال له أمير المومنين (ع) ان رسول اللَّه (ص) قال أكرموا كريم كل قوم". در اينجا حضرت علی اعتراض کرد که اينکار را نکن و اين حق را نداری) چرا که "رسول خدا فرموده است که بزرگان و گراميان هر قومی را گرامی بداريد".

حالا خلاصه داستان رو یک بار دیگر بهمراه ترجمه صحیح می آورم. بعد با ترجمه یا تحریف اون آقا مقایسه کنید.

امام حسین گفتند: "ما از قریش هستیم و شیعیان ما عرب هستند و دشمنان ما عجم هستند". حدیث در اینجا تمام میشه و مابقی، حرف مولف کتاب است: "عربی که شيعه ما باشد ممدوح و شايسته است اگر چه عجم و غير عرب باشد و اما عجم (غير عربی) که دشمن ما اهل بيت باشد مذموم و ناشايسته است اگر چه عرب باشد. ادامه سخن مؤلف کتاب (بد نظری خلیفه دوم (عمر) نسبت به عجمها هنگامی که اسيران ايرانی وارد مدينه شدند، خليفه دوم خواست که زنهايشان را بفروشد و مردانشان را بردگان عرب قرار دهد). در اينجا حضزت علی اعتراض کرد که اينکار را نکن و اين حق را نداری، چرا که رسول خدا فرموده است که "بزرگان و گراميان هر قومي را گرامی بداريد".

حال به تحریف این حدیث توسط آن شخص دقت کنید. از حسین بن علی: "ما از تبار قریش هستیم و هواخواهان ما عرب و دشمنان ما ایرانی ها هستند. روشن است که هر عربی از هر ایرانی بهتر و بالاتر و هر ایرانی از دشمنان ما هم بدتر است. ایرانیها را باید دستگیر کرد و به مدینه آورد، زنانشان را بفروش رسانید و مردانشان را به بردگی و غلامی اعراب بگمارید".

تفاوت کاملن مشخص هست و نیازی به توضیح ندارد.

پيامبر فرمودند: "اگر ايمان در ثريا باشد، مرداني از اين قوم فارس به آن خواهند رسيد".

بغوی نقل ميكند كه در نزد پیامبر از اعاجم سخن گفتم. فرمودند: "من به آنها يا بعضي از آنها بيشتر از شما يا بعضي از شما اطمينان دارم".

PERSIAN GULF stays PERSIAN GULF forever

2011-04-08T12:35:00.009-05:00

UPDATE - 9/4/2011 at 6pm GMT As of now, the Earth Observatory website is online again and you may check the maps here.

UPDATE - 9/4/2011 at 3:20am GMT Today while I was going to check the NASA's Earth Observatory website, I realized that the website was down until very recently. So, the links to their website in this post were not working due to the United States government shutdown. Here is what they had put there in their website moments before going offline:

"Due to the potential U.S. government shutdown, the Earth Observatory will have no new imagery after April 10 and will not be updated until the end of the shutdown."

GREAT NEWS: I DID IT, YES, I DID IT.

I CONVINCED THEM, THE MAP WAS CHANGED, THEY CHANGED THE MAP, NASA CHANGED ITS MAP.

Here is the most recent email I just received from Michael:

Kian -

Thanks for your patience and for being a loyal reader. In the short term, I have asked staff to use Persian Gulf, not Arabian. We are also reconsidering which reference we rely upon.

Mike Carlowicz Editor - NASA Earth Observatory - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
774-413-5168 (home office) and 508-566-2620 (cell)

michael.j.carlowicz@nasa.gov

>>> Read the story and the previous correspondences here.

Images showing what became what by writing a few emails asking them to reconsider their terming approach, and they proved to be rational people deserving to be there in the most authentic space science organization of the world.

I really appreciate it NASA and you did a great job for us Michael. I am really grateful for what you did Michael.

I don’t know what to say, I could have never imagined in the first place that I would be succeeded. I did something a petition signed by hundreds of thousands of people has not fulfilled yet. Maybe it’s now Google’s turn to reconsider its terming approach regarding the water body known globally as Persian Gulf in Google Earth. Hummm, I should send them an email asking them to do so.

For now, I congratulate my fellow countrymen for such a great achievement.

OLD MAP TERMED WITH PERSIAN GULF ALONG WITH ARABIAN IN THE PARENTHESES

NEW MAP TERMED WITH PERSIAN GULF ONLY

(Curiosity) انیمیشن (پویانمایی) فرود روبات مریخ پیمای آزمایشگاه علمی مریخ

2011-04-08T08:18:00.004-05:00

انیماتورهای (پنداشتگرهای) سازمان فضایی ناسا جدیدترین نسخه انیمیشنی (پویانمایی) را تهیه کرده اند که مراحل مختلف ورود به جو، کاهش ارتفاع و نشستن مریخ پیمای در دست ساخت آزمایشگاه علمی مریخ (MSL - Mars Science Laboratory) که اخیرن Curiosity (کنجکاوی) نامگذاری شده است را به شکلی بسیار زیبا نشان میدهد. MSL در مرداد سال ۱۳۹۱ وارد جو مریخ خواهد شد.

داگ الیسون (ِDoug Ellison)، یکی از اعضای تهیه کننده این پویانمایی برای خبرنگار وبگاه Universe Today توضیح میدهد که صحنه های استفاده شده برای نشان دادن سطح مریخ تمامن بر اساس تصاویر تهیه شده از سطح مریخ به کمک مدارگرد رنسانس (Reconnaissance) بازسازی شده اند. همچنین برای نشان دادن تواناییهای تحقیقاتی MSL در تجزیه و تحلیل سنگها و کانیهای سطح مریخ، هنگامی که بر روی سطح مریخ فرود آمد، از تصاویر بدست آمده در سال ۱۳۸۳ از مریخ پیمای Opportunity استفاده شده است.

آن طور که الیسون توضیح میدهد یکی از مشکلات تهیه این پویانمایی نبود نمونه تکمیل شده و واقعیی MSL در زمان تهیه این پویانمایی بوده است. پس بنابراین انیماتورها بایستی مدل مجازی MLS را بر اساس آنچه که هنوز وجود خارجی نداشته بود، تهیه میکردند. به همین جهت برای تهیه مدل مجازی MSL در این پویانمایی از نمونه های ساده سازی شده و بدست آمده از اتوکد به همراه دیگر عکسهای گرفته شده از قطعات در حال تولید MSL استفاده شد.

به گفتی الیسون با وجود اینکه این پویانمایی توسط تیمی متفاوت از گروهی که اولین پویانمایی مشابه را تهیه کردند (در حدود ۲ سال پیش)، طراحی شده است، اما گروه به جای طراحی و تصمیمگیری برای تهیه تمام مراحل، از تجربیات تیم قبلی استفاده شد. افرادی که در طراحی مراحل مختلف تولید پویانمایی قبلی دخالت داشتند، تجربیات خود را در اختیار تیم حاضر قرار دادند و همچنین به تیم در مراحل مختلف یاری رسانی کردند.

یکی از اهداف تیم آن بود تا بتوان در این پویانمایی، دینامیک و شدت عوامل دخیل در لحاظات فرود آمدن بر روی سطح یک سیاره دیگر را طوری با جزئیات نمایش داد تا به این ترتیب اعضای تیم بتوانند برای دوستان و آشنایانشان تمامی گرفتاری ها و دیرآمدن ها به خانه و زود رفتن ها به محل کار و تمامی نگرانیهای خود را توجیح کنند !!!

برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر در زمینه مراحل مختلف فرود این کاوشگر به این مقاله که جزئیات EDL (Entrance, Decent, and Landing) را تشریح میکند مراجه کنید.

منبع

It was not far off ... IT HAS BEGUN

2011-04-06T03:52:00.000-05:00

The day is not far off when the economic problem will take the back seat where it belongs, and the arena of the heart and the head will be occupied or reoccupied, by our real problems - the problems of life and of human relations, of creation and behavior and religion.

Keynes, John Maynard

Persian Gulf Controversial Naming

2011-03-31T02:57:00.011-05:00

UPDATE - 9/4/2011 at 6pm GMT As of now, the Earth Observatory website is online again and you may check the maps here.

UPDATE - 9/4/2011 at 3:20am GMT Today while I was going to check the NASA's Earth Observatory website, I realized that the website is down. So, the links to their website in this post were not working until very recently due to the United States government shutdown. Here is what they had put there in their website moments before going offline:

"Due to the potential U.S. government shutdown, the Earth Observatory will have no new imagery after April 10 and will not be updated until the end of the shutdown."

UPDATE – 8/4/2011 at 3pm GMT The problem was resolved, and they changed their map termed with ‘Persian Gulf’ only. For the details click here.

Click on the Image to View the Larger Version

This one's really funny. The case is NASA's Earth Observatory website has recently posted an article on "Arabian Sand Storm". Well, the article is highly interesting, depicting a huge fast-moving sand storm partially covering parts of the Arabian Peninsula, Persian Gulf, and Iran.

The thing is, over the map partly showing the Persian Gulf, a nonexistent name was termed in the parentheses (here). It is completely unclear what goes on inside the US scientific centers. Once the problem goes with the "National Geographic", and now it's NASA's turn to distress its creditability.

Such an incident had never been happened before among the previous articles illustrating the water body as known for "Persian Gulf" worldwide. [1][2][3]

According to the UN resolution, the name of the water body is "Persian Gulf", and "A-r-a-b-i-a-n Gulf" not only is mostly referred to the "Red Sea" (here), but the naming has not found any acceptance outside of the Arab world, and is not recognized by the United Nations or any other international organization.

Such controversial naming may distress the NASA's Earth Observatory website creditability for sure.

I have played my part sending an email explaining the situation for them, but one email changes nothing for sure.

I need you to forward them an email making them purge the controversy, or else any future article by NASA somehow showing the Persian Gulf is going to suffer from the same issue.

NEW UPDATE - 08/04/2011; here are the correspondences between me and the NASA Earth Observatory Team during the past few days - in chronological order;

From: noreply@eob2.gsfc.nasa.gov [noreply@eob2.gsfc.nasa.gov]
Sent: March 31, 2011 at 1:44 AM
To: Carlowicz, Michael J. (GSFC-613.0)[SIGMA SPACE CORPORATION]; Ward, Kevin A. (GSFC-613.2)[SIGMA SPACE CORPORATION]
Subject: EO Comment: Naming Controversy

From: Kian A.Nezhadi, kianian@gmail.com

Topic: ContentFeedback
Subject: Naming Controversy

Comment/Question:
Dear Earth Observatory Team,

Regarding your article on "Arabian Sand Storm", on the map showing the Persian Gulf, you have mentioned the name "Arabian" in the parentheses. That is while such an incident had never been happened before among the previous articles illustrating the water body as known by "Persian Gulf" worldwide.

According to the UN resolution, the name of the water body is "Persian Gulf", and "Arabian Gulf" not only is mostly referred to the "Red Sea", but the naming has not found any acceptance outside of the Arab world, and is not recognized by the United Nations or any other international organization.

Such controversial naming may distressed the NASA's Earth Observatory website creditability.

In this regard, it is highly appreciated if you may correct the map while in the body of the article you have used the correct "Persian Gulf" term.

Best Regards,

Kian A.Nezhadi, M. Eng.
Ph.D. Candidate in Water Resources Eng.
________________________________________

On March 31, 2011 at 9:25 PM

Kian –

We don't make political statements with our naming conventions. We use the Times Atlas as our reference book (every publication relies on a few style or standards books). See http://www.timesatlas.com/Pages/default.aspx

When there is a location with more than one widely used name, we include both names, though we insert the preferred version first. You will see this with names such as Crete/Kriti or Burma/Myanmar, among others.

It is the best we can do to address the fact that there are differences in the world about proper naming...a debate we'd rather not get into.

Thanks for your note,

Mike Carlowicz
Editor - NASA Earth Observatory - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
774-413-5168 (home office) and 508-566-2620 (cell)
michael.j.carlowicz@nasa.gov
________________________________________

On April 1, 2011 at 4:00 PM

Team,

Your explanation was barely satisfying, but I appreciate your attention.

I still don't get it. In fact, it is somehow confusing why you have suddenly decided to change your own previous naming approach in terming the regarding body of water.

I have been your reader for the past three years, and never had happened for a map or an article on your website to bear any other name but "Persian Gulf" for the regarding body of water. You may refer to the following links in this regard, while there are still much more if you refer to your own archive:

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=37632
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=38384
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8500
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=49575
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=43030

So, in this case there are two scenarios going on within NASA, and more specifically your team.

The first scenario is that you have not been following any specific convention or standard until very recently, and then suddenly you have decided to get organized by following a source (Times Atlas) which refers to a body of water as "The Gulf" which is known as "Persian Gulf" by the UN as the biggest worldwide organization, and so many other authentic organizations. Everybody knows that it's a gulf and not a pool. It's just like calling the Pacific Ocean; The Ocean!

The second scenario is that somebody whether Arabs or else have forced you to neglect the UN conventions by adopting what they mostly prefer to use in their own countries which is quite okay and out of objection.

Well, the first scenario is really irrational considering such a well-organized administration as NASA, but the second one although irrational as well (since it invalidates your independence which is not the case), but is more acceptable.

If the case is you want to mention every name which is widely used to address a location, then I think you may face a real problem soon since there are thousands of locations worldwide which is called with different names, each by millions of people.

I know an email or two won't change anything in this regard, but at least it became quite evident for me and many others that the world is still not going towards the right direction.

Still I enjoy your posts, so then,

Good Job,

Kian A.Nezhadi, M. Eng.
Ph.D. Candidate in Water Resources Eng.
________________________________________

On April 6, 2011 at 1:45 AM

Kian --

You made some good points, and have led us to take a fresh look at things. It seems that while we intended to closely follow a reference, being human we were uneven in our execution. We need to fix that, though I am not sure how it will turn out.

As for your insinuations about our politics -- I don't appreciate that at all. We have no interest in politics here. I am not interested in the quibbling over land and names for tribal or diplomatic reasons. I don't work in a political or diplomatic office, nor do I take directions from either. My/our only interest is in presenting names and information that are recognizable to the largest audience and as close to the truth as the facts will allow.

We are human beings. We make errors. I suspect you do, too. So be careful about throwing stones.

Mike Carlowicz
Editor - NASA Earth Observatory - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
774-413-5168 (home office) and 508-566-2620 (cell)
michael.j.carlowicz@nasa.gov
________________________________________

On April 8, 2011 at 3:28 AM

Michael,

Well, at least the good part is that you have considered the situation, and now are trying to fix it, rather than whitewashing the whole problem. I am really grateful for that. You have dismissed both scenarios I have proposed, and that was really a good news as well.

You are quite right; everyone makes mistakes, that's an integral part of our nature. I am not good at politics, nor do I have any interests in that. However, once I feel that it is trying to change even the most matured and perfect conventions and notions around me, I may turn into a perfect politician shielding those conventions. Those conventions say that politics should be kept away from everything or else it would become polluted with politics. That's what you were insisting on as well, Nice.

So, I was not trying to insult you, that was just the same tactic – I just mentioned - I employed, cause that was the time when I had become disturbed watching a map bearing an unconventional name due to what I then believed to be political intrusion into what I mostly referred to for scientific purposes.

I don't know what terming approach you are going to take in the future regarding the body of water, but as least now it has become utterly clear that there are still people out there concerned with providing the best they can as you do, and I appreciate that.

Now, it seems that an email or two could indeed make some changes!

In this regard, that would be great if you may keep me informed on whatever develops.

Kian A.Nezhadi, M. Eng.
Ph.D. Candidate in Water Resources Eng.

Time-Lapse Auroras Over Norway | شفق بر فراز نروژ

2011-03-29T15:29:00.003-05:00

Auroras Over Norway by Terje Sørgjerd from Kian A.Nezhadi on Vimeo

The Aurora from Terje Sorgjerd on Vimeo.

Credit & Copyright: Terje Sørgjerd; Music: Gladiator Soundtrack: Now we are Free
Reproduction: Kian A.Nezhadi

(پیشنهاد می کنم که این فیلم را با کیفیت HD - 1080p تماشا کنید)

گاهی اوقات، پس از آنکه چشم انسان به تاریکی عادت کرد، آسمان تاریک، دیدنی و جذاب به نظر خواهد رسید. چنین شد که در اوائل این ماه، یکی از بزرگترین شفق های قطبی در طول چند سال گذشته جلوه های شکوه خود را بر فراز سرزمینهای شمالی همجوار بین دو کشور روسیه و نروژ در معرض نمایش گذاشت. شفق های قطبی همانطور که در تصاویر ثبت شده در فیلم Time-Lapse¹ بالا دیده میشوند، بر فراز مناطق پوشیده از برف، درختان، ابرها، کوه ها، و دریاچه های اطراف شهر کرکنس نروژ به جریان درآمدند. بسیاری از شفق ها به رنگ سبز میباشند که دلیل آن برخورد ذرات پر انرژی به لایه های فوقانی جو کره زمین میباشد و آن زمانی است که مولکولهای اکسیژن موجود در جو به پیشواز الکترونهای سرگردان میروند که این پدیده باعث درخشش مولکول های هوا در آسمان میشود. رنگهای قبل توجه دیگری نیز که گهگاه دیده میشوند ناشی از متأثر شدن اتمهای نیتروژن در طی فرآیندی مشابه میباشد. در سکانسهای بعدی، ماه و ستارگان نیز در حال بالا آمدن دیده میشوند. با توجه به انتظاری که از خورشید میرود تا در طی سالهای آینده فعالتر شود، فرصت دیدن چنین شفق های تماشایی، حتی در مناطقی نزدیکتر به استوا بیشتر خواهد شد.

¹معادل فارسی این عبارت در بعضی از منابع به صورت "فیلمبرداری با وقفه زمانی" ترجمه شده است. بیشتر بخوانید ...

Sometimes, after your eyes adapt to the dark, a spectacular sky appears. Such was the case earlier this month when one of the largest auroral displays in recent years appeared over northern locations like the border between Norway and Russia. Pictured in the above time-lapse movie, auroras flow over snow covered landscapes, trees, clouds, mountains and lakes found near Kirkenes, Norway. Many times the auroras are green, as high energy particles strike the Earth's atmosphere, causing the air to glow as electrons recombine with their oxygen hosts. Other colors are occasionally noticeable as atmospheric nitrogen also becomes affected. In later sequences the Moon and rising stars are also visible. With the Sun expected to become ever more active over the next few years, there may be many opportunities to see similarly spectacular auroras personally, even from areas much closer to the equator.

منبع توضیحات

جلیل جان، حال همه ما خوب است، اما تو باور مکن

2011-03-23T02:02:00.005-05:00

سلام،

حال همه ما خوبست.

ملالی نیست جز گم شدن گاه به گاه خیالی دور که مردم به آن،

"شادمانی بی سبب"

میگویند.

با اینهمه عمری اگر باقی بود،

چنان از کنار زندگی می گذرم

که نه زانوی آهوی بی جفت بلرزد

و نه این دل ناماندگار بی درمان.

راستی بگویمت،

حوالی خوابهایمان سال پر بارانی بود.

می دانم، می دانم،

همیشه حیاط انجا پر از هوای تازه ی باز نیامدن است.

اما تو لااقل،

گاهی،

هرزگاهی،

ببین انعکاس تبسم رویا شبیه شمایل باران نیست.

راستی خبرت بدهم،

خانه ایی خریده ام،

بی پرده، بی پنجره، بی در، بی دیوار،

هی بخند،

چیزی نمانده است،

من چهل ساله خواهم شد،

و فردا را به فال نیک خواهم گرفت.

دارد همین لحظه یک فوچ کبوتر سپید از فراز خانه مان میگذرد.

یادت هست رفته بودی خبر از آرامش آسمان بیاوری؟

...

نامه ام باید کوتاه باشد،

ساده باشد،

بی حرفی از ابهام و آینه.

از نو برایت می نویسم،

حال همه ما خوبست،

اما تو باور مکن.

شاعر: سید علی صالحی

How is Nowruz?

2011-03-22T13:32:00.003-05:00

In Iran, the biggest holiday is Nowruz, New Year's Day.... It always begins on the first day of spring at the exact moment of the equinox. This means that every year Nowruz begins at a different time. One year it might be March 21 at 5:32 A.M., while the next year it might occur on March 20 at 11:54 P.M. Every Iranian knows the exact moment the jubilation begins. The festivities are preceded by weeks of preparation. Everyone thoroughly cleans his house, buys or makes new clothes, and bakes traditional pastries. A ceremonial setting called a haftseen, which consists of seven symbols beginning with the sound "s," is displayed with other meaningful objects like mirror, colored eggs, and goldfish in a bowl. The objects represent health, renewal, prosperity, fertility and the usual universal hopes shared by people at any New Year's celebration.... For Nowruz, most businesses close and the streets are deserted. For twelve days after equinox, people visit relatives and friends, always starting with the eldest. Once all the elders have been visited, they in turn visit the younger members of the family. At every house, a tray of homemade sweets is offered along with wishes for the new year. Children receive money, always in the form of brand-new bills.

Kian A.Nezhadi

HAPPY NOWRUZ

2011-03-20T19:22:00.000-05:00

نوروزتان پیروز

Happy Persian New Year

Persisches neues Jahr

Nouvelle année persane

Nuovo anno persiano

Perzisch Nieuw jaar

Περσικό νέο έτος

Ano novo persa

Año Nuevo persa

Satellite imagery of Japan Earthquake

2011-03-12T22:10:00.000-06:00

For those of you with Google Earth capability, here is the high-definition satellite images of the affected areas.

View Satellite imagery of Japan Earthquake in a larger map

(SDO) ثبت فوران یکی از تاج های خورشیدی توسط رصدخانه دینامیک خورشیدی ناسا

2011-03-11T07:10:00.004-06:00

یکی از دیدنی ترین مناظر خورشیدی فوران تاج های آن است. دو هفته پیش، رصدخانه دینامیک در حال چرخش به دور خورشید فضایی ناسا (Solar Dynamic Observatory - SDO) از فوران یکی از بزرگ ترین تاجهای خورشیدی تصویربرداری کرد. این فیلم، ۹۰ دقیقه از این انفجار نمایشی را در طیف فرابنفش پوشش می دهد که در آن در هر ۲۴ ثانیه یک قاب (Frame) جدید ثبت شده است. مقیاس این فوران عظیم است – کل زمین را به راحتی می توان در زیر پرده ای از جریان گازهای داغ آن جای داد. تاج های خورشیدی کانالیزه می شوند و در برخی موارد توسط میدان مغناطیسی خورشید در بالای سطح خورشید معلق نگه داشته میشوند. تاج های نامرئی به طور معمول حدود یک ماه طول می کشند، و ممکن است بشکل توده های فورانی از تاج های خورشیدی (Coronal Mass Ejection - CME) انتشار یابند که گازهای داغ را در کل منظومه شمسی پخش خواهند کرد. مکانیسم ایجاد انرژی لازم برای تولید تاج های خورشیدی هنوزه از موضوعات تحقیقاتی دانشمندان است. همینطور که خورشید به سوی بیشینه فعالیت های خود در طی چند سال آینده پیشرفت می کند، فعالیت های خورشیدی مانند تاج های فورانی بشکل رایجتری مشاهده خواهند شد.

(پیشنهاد می کنم که این فیلم را با کیفیت HD - 1080p تماشا کنید.)

منبع

Illustrated Guide to Ph.D. | راهنمای تصویری مقطع دکتری

2011-03-08T06:13:00.001-06:00

I started Ph.D. in Water Resources Eng. last year and sometimes it really feels like what is shown in the figures. I don’t think I have Push.eD. enough yet!

Imagine a circle that contains all of human knowledge:

دایره ای را تصور کنید که دربرگیرنده تمام دانش بشریت است:

By the time you finish elementary school, you know a little:

زمانی که دوره ابتدایی را بپایان میرسانید اندکی از این دانش را فرا گرفته اید:

By the time you finish high school, you know a bit more:

زمانی که دبیرستان را به پایان میرساند کمی بیشتر از این دانش را فرا خواهید گرفت:

With a bachelor's degree, you gain a specialty:

با کسب مدرک لیسانس، در یک زمینه خاص متخصص میشوید:

A master's degree deepens that specialty:

دوره فوق لیسانس این تخصص را عمیقتر میکند:

Reading research papers takes you to the edge of human knowledge:

خواندن مقالات تحقیقاتی شما به مرز دانش بشریت خواهد رسانید:

Once you're at the boundary, you focus:

حالا به این منطقه مرزی کمی بیشتر دقت کنید:

You push at the boundary for a few years:

برای چند سال به این مرز فشار وارد میکنید:

Until one day, the boundary gives way:

تا اینکه بالاخره روزی بشما اجازه میدهد تا در آن نفوذ کنید:

And, that dent you've made is called a Ph.D.:

این برجستگی که شما در مرز دانش بشریت ایجاد کرده اید دکترا میباشد:

Of course, the world looks different to you now:

البته این دید شما می باشد که نسبت به جهان تغییر کرده است:

So, don't forget the bigger picture:

بنابراین تصویر ابتدایی را فراموش نکنید:

Keep pushing.

تحصیلاتتان پرفشار باد!

Source

Water - The Great Mystery from Ritchy Niburu on Vimeo

2011-01-31T05:57:00.004-06:00

Water - The Great Mystery from Ritchy Niburu on Vimeo.

WATER - The most common substance on earth. It is with us every moment of everyday, but do we know the secrets of this amazing element? From agriculture, to factories and hydropower, we put water to work in a million different ways, and yet water acts outside all known physical laws of nature. At a time of global climate change, understanding the mysteries of water is critical. Every living thing needs it to survive. Our ignorance of its function and capacities has lead us to abuse its quality and forget its potential.

در همین زمینه بخوانید: آب دقیقن چیست؟

Early Spring Freshet in Shiraz

2010-11-03T03:52:00.001-05:00

Suburbs of Shiraz - Iran

I don't want to post any scientific or analytic note this time, but this year's late coming Fall would most probably be followed by early Spring freshet in Iran. I mean by current GCC - Global Climate Change - trends, this year's freshet would most probably fall in mid-February, or even in late-January in most parts of Iran!

We used to have blooming occurs not earlier than early March in my hometown - Shiraz. Awesome nature, but such beauty and joy might not fall on its appropriate regular timing as it does before. We used to have mild, wet, partly sunny, fresh, green, awwwwwesome weather and nature during our Persian New Year - Nouroz - in mid-March not very long time ago, but now what?

WILCOX

2010-10-30T09:38:00.001-05:00

A short movie by Evan Lane
Written by Ariel Kiley

Global Sea Ice Extent and Concentration: Part 3 - Decline in Arctic Sea Ice Extent

2010-10-28T06:16:00.027-05:00

Passive microwave satellite data reveal that, since 1979, winter Arctic ice extent has decreased about 4.2 percent per decade (Meier et al. 2006). Antarctic ice extent is increasing (Cavalieri et al. 2003), but the trend is small.

Satellite data from the SMMR and SSM/I instruments have been combined with earlier observations from ice charts and other sources to yield a time series of Arctic ice extent from the early 1900s onward. While the pre-satellite records are not as reliable, their trends are in good general agreement with the satellite record and indicate that Arctic sea ice extent has been declining since at least the early 1950s.

Mean sea ice anomalies, 1953-2009: Sea ice extent departures from monthly means for the Northern

Hemisphere. For January 1953 through December 1979, data have been obtained from the UK Hadley

Centre and are based on operational ice charts and other sources. For January 1979 through July 2009,

data are derived from passive microwave (SMMR/SSM/I). Image by Walt Meier and Julienne Stroeve,

National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder.

In recent years, satellite data have indicated an even more dramatic reduction in regional ice cover.

Year of September Average Extent	Extent (million sq. km.)	Anomaly Relative to 1979-2000 Average (million sq. km.)	Anomaly Relative to 1979-2000 Average (%)	Anomaly Relative to Previous Record (million sq. km.)	Anomaly Relative to Previous Record (%)	Linear Trend Since 1979 (sq. km. per year)	Linear Trend Since 1979 Relative to 1979-2000 Average (% per decade)
2002	5.96	-1.08	-15.3	-0.17	-2.8	-51,000	-7.3
2003	6.15	-0.89	-12.6	0.19	3.2	-53,000	-7.5
2004	6.04	-1.00	-14.2	0.08	1.3	-55,000	-7.8
2005	5.57	-1.47	-20.9	-0.39	-6.5	-59,000	-8.4
2006	5.89	-1.15	-16.3	0.32	5.7	-60,000	-8.6
2007	4.28	-2.76	-39.2	-1.29	-23.2	-72,000	-10.2
2008	4.67	-2.37	-33.6	0.39	9.1	-78,000	-11.1
2009	5.36	-1.68	-23.9	1.08	25.2	-79,000	-11.2
September Average Extents, 2002-2009: Calculated by Walt Meier, National Snow and Ice Data Center. All values in table estimated based on the NSIDC Sea Ice Index.

The Arctic sea ice September minimum extent reached new record lows in 2002 (15.3 percent below the 1979-2000 average), 2005 (20.9 percent below), and 2007 (39.2 percent below). In 2007, Arctic sea ice broke all previous records by early August—a month before the end of melt season (see Arctic Sea Ice Shatters All Previous Record Lows). In 2008, the September minimum was 4.67 million square kilometers (1.80 million square miles), the second lowest in the satellite record. In 2009, the September minimum was 5.36 million square kilometers (2.07 million square miles), the third-lowest in the satellite record (see Arctic Sea Ice Extent Remains Low; 2009 Sees Third-Lowest Mark).

Extent comparisons: This graph compares 5-day running means for Arctic sea ice extent (area of ocean

with ice concentration of at least 15 percent) for the long-term mean (1979-2000), the record low (2007),

and the extents for 2008 and 2009. Sea ice extent was second-lowest in 2008, and third-lowest in 2009.

Image provided by National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder.

Extent anomaly maps, 2002-2009: Sea ice conditions for the month of September, 2002 through 2009,

derived from the NSIDC Sea Ice Index. Each image shows the concentration anomaly (see color key) and

the 1979-2000 mean September ice edge (pink line). Nearly every year, the ice edge is well north of its

mean position off the coasts of Alaska and Siberia. Image provided by National Snow and Ice Data

Center, University of Colorado, Boulder.

Combined with record low summertime extent, Arctic sea ice exhibited a new pattern of poor winter recovery. In the past, a low-ice year would be followed by a rebound to near-normal conditions, but 2002 was followed by two more low-ice years, both of which almost matched the 2002 record (see Arctic Sea Ice Decline Continues). Although wintertime recovery of Arctic sea ice improved somewhat after 2006, wintertime extents have remained below the long-term average.

A study published in 2007 found a dramatic change in the age of sea ice in the central Arctic Basin since the mid-1980s. In 1987, 57 percent of the ice pack was at least 5 years old, and a quarter of that ice was at least 9 years old. By 2007, only 7 percent of the ice pack was at least 5 years old, and virtually none of the ice was at least 9 years old (Maslanik et al, 2007).

In March 2009, Arctic sea ice averaged 15.16 million square kilometers—above the record low wintertime extent from 2006 but below the 1979-2000 average. Moreover, most of the Arctic sea ice at the beginning of the 2009 melt season was first-year ice, so it was thin and especially vulnerable to melt.

Northwest Passage, September 2007: The summer of 2007 saw the opening of the Northwest Passage. Navigated with great difficulty between 1903 and 1906, the passage opened to standard ocean-going vessels a century later. On September 15, 2007, the same time Arctic sea ice reached its record low, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this relatively cloud-free image of the open passage. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC. Visit Arctic Mosaic for a MODIS mosaic of the entire Arctic from September 15-16.

Northwest Passage: The maroon line marks the route of the Northwest Passage that opened up in 2007. Image courtesy University of Bremen.

Arctic concentrations, 1979-2009: View minimum and maximum sea ice extent animations from 1979 through 2009.

Global Sea Ice Extent and Concentration: Part 2 - Monitoring Sea Ice

2010-10-27T03:57:00.004-05:00

Passive microwave satellite data represent the best method to monitor sea ice because of the ability to show data through most clouds and during darkness. Passive microwave data allow scientists to monitor the inter-annual variations and trends in sea ice cover. Observations of polar oceans derived from these instruments are essential for tracking the ice edge, estimating sea ice concentrations, and classifying sea ice types. In addition to the practical use of this information for shipping and transport, these data add to the meteorological knowledge base required for better understanding climate.

Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Instruments

SMMR and SSM/I NASA launched the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) in 1978, and the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) launched the first of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) sensors in 1987. Scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center have combined the SMMR and SSM/I data sets to provide a time series of sea ice data spanning over 30 years. For related data sets at NSIDC, visit: Nimbus-7 SMMR Polar Gridded Radiances and Sea Ice Concentrations, DMSP SSM/I Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures, and Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data. The SMMR and SSM/I data sets reveal considerable regional, seasonal, and inter-annual variability in ice cover. Grids of sea ice concentrations, as well as summaries using data from both SMMR and SSM/I depicting annual cycles of ice extent (all areas with at least 15 percent ice cover), ice covered area (the ocean area actually covered by ice), and departures from the monthly means or anomalies are available from NSIDC via ftp.

AMSR-E The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) also archives and distributes daily sea ice data products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. AMSR-E was launched in May of 2002. For related data at NSIDC, visit: AMSR-E/Aqua Data at NSIDC.