Sometimes it seems that saving part of your income is simply depriving yourself of things that would make your life better now for the benefit of an unknown future. The answer is to find a balance that allows you to save money without hating your life to do it.

To prime your “savings pump” consider these painless ways to pinch pennies without feeling the pinch:

Make your own coffee. Even if you use the best beans and the best brewing equipment, you’ll save over restaurant or coffee shop offerings.

Brown-bag it. You could easily save $25 per month taking your lunch to work . Double the benefit by using your lunch time to take a walk. Just avoid the fast food spots. It’s cheaper than joining a gym.

Stock up. When items you routinely use are on sale, buy some for storage. For instance, if your favorite apple juice, which regularly sells for $2.29 per bottle, is on sale for $1.50, you save 34 percent. Use the savings to look for other bargains. Watch for sales at the grocery where you most often shop

Spend some time in the produce aisles. The stated weight on many bagged items, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, apples, oranges, etc., cannot always be exact. It must weigh as much as the label states, but some may have a little more because of the inexact nature of packing items. You could end up with a bonus of a half pound or more if you take the time to weigh bags. Savings of 25 percent are not at all uncommon.

Install a water filter rather than paying a bundle for “designer” water. The environment will thank you. It takes 18 million barrels of oil and up to 130 billion gallons of fresh water a year to make the plastic bottles in which your water is purchased. And often there is little difference between the water you buy and the water that comes from your tap.

Herbs and spices are almost always cheaper at a health food store or drugstore than at the grocery. Compare items such cumin, coriander and curry, etc. to see where the best prices are.

Coupons are good if you use them for items you usually buy anyway and if they are cheaper with the coupon than the house brand.

Avoid pre-prepared and “convenience” foods that cost more than what you can make from scratch. What comes from your kitchen is far more likely to be healthy, as well.

Negotiate. If you can do the haggling bit, do it. You may save hundreds of dollars on big-ticket items such as cars, etc. Often, credit card companies are amenable to bargaining regarding annual fees, discounts and other breaks.

Quit eating out unless the occasion is a big one. There are big savings to be realized by eating at home. If you are stressed from a hard day at work, establish a policy that everyone helps with the cooking. Keep meals simple.

Use unit pricing to make good shopping decisions. Most stores post unit prices with their grocery items and you can use them to see if you are making the best choices. For instance, against all logic, two small boxes of baking soda may be cheaper, on a per-ounce basis, for one large one. It pays to look.

Use coupon codes whenever possible. There are a plethora of coupon codes on the Internet that save people hundreds of dollars a month. Find the ones that might benefit you.

While most owners are concerned about fires, burglaries and other crises, they fail to realize that they can be damaged by water, the survey suggested. In fact, water damage is a more likely scenario than other emergencies that can cause damage.

About 20 percent of those queried said they install pipe insulation, and less than half check their appliance hoses regularly. Only 40 percent said they regularly maintain water heaters.

The best remedy is to talk with an insurance agent about the best coverage for your specific circumstances.

The average claim for water damage between 2012 and 2016 was nearly $10,000. That average includes some very devastating damage in some cases and makes it a very good
idea to assess your insurance coverage.

Most homeowner policies cover damage related to accidental overflow of water or steam from plumbing, heating and air conditioning as frozen pipes. Damage from a general flood is generally excluded unless you specifically pay for it. Knowing that your home is located in a recognized flood plain should be incentive for looking into specific protection.

To prevent water damage, be aware of where the main water valve in your home is located so if an emergency arises, you won’t waste time locating it. Turn off the main valve if you are leaving home to vacation or for other reasons.

Regular home inspections are wise and a safety check by a plumber every year could save money in the long run. Some insurance companies will give you a discount is you can show that you are taking these steps to protect your property. Technology is available to monitor plumbing for leaks.

Where you live and where you are going are factors that may affect the fare. But just for instance, fares between Los Angeles and Rapid City, S. Dak. are expected to be $400, during the Aug. 28-Sept. 4 period, compared with anticipated fares of $530 in the Aug. 14-21week. So if Mount Rushmore is on your bucket list of places to see, remember that.

The peak summer travel season began June 23 and will end Aug. 28, with some good fares still on the agenda past that date.

Good deals on fares to Europe, including popular places such as London, Paris and Rome, have been plentiful this year. But if you can wait until around Sept. 10 to visit one of these hot spots, the fares will be even more conducive, the air travel experts advise.

Fares from New York to London, for instance, are being predicted at $638 for the week of Aug. 14-21; $506 for the following week and only $396 for the Sept. 11-18 week.

Always when anticipating air travel, compare prices. You may have a favored discount carrier, but it may not always be the cheapest. You won’t know unless you do the homework.

Historically, some days of the week have offered lower fares than others. U.S. flights are generally lower on Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday. For trans-Atlantic flights, weekdays tend to have better deals than weekends. Plan accordingly.

If you want to get the most for your money, you may have to sacrifice a little. A connecting flight rather than non-stop, for instance. If you are taking a carry-on instead of a large suitcase, you’ll save.

If you can plan your travel around the fringes of predictable peak seasons, you’ll probably find fare deals that make it worthwhile.

Malicious hardware has been showing up on people’s handsets, TVs and smart fridges to facilitate their “crypto-jacking.” The effects for both individuals and companies has been severe. Depending on the severity of the attack, it may seem the losses are too small to be noticed, but over a period of weeks or months, the loss can be great.

Some companies see a huge increase in their power bills as the hackers do their thing, according to Threat Intelligence Group Manager for Checkpoint, a watchdog organization.

Hackers make use of the victims’ processing power, because that is what they need to “mine” virtual currencies. Computers make the complex calculations that verify a running ledger of all transactions in virtual currencies around the world. Besides installing malicious software, the fraudsters also can work through a web browser, latching onto the victim’s computer processing power to mine

digital currencies while the user is on the site. When the victim switches, the mining ends.

Industry experts first identified crypto-jacking as a threat in 2017, when virtual currency prices were rushing to record highs.

At that time, the price of bitcoin, the most widely used of the virtual currencies, increased six-fold from September to December. It has continued to increase.

The hackers were ready. The first big instance of this type of theft was in September, centered on Coinhive, a legitimate business that allowed website owners to make money by allowing customers to mine their v-currency instead of relying on advertising income. The frauds were almost first in line to use the service.

Monero is their favorite target, according to industry researchers. They estimate that more than 5 percent of Monero is mined through crypto-jacking, with losses of more than $150 million dollars and that doesn’t take into account mining that occurs through browsers. The thieves try to infect as many devices as possible, a method dubbed “Spray and Pray.”

The level of sophistication among the hackers increases with each new wrinkle in virtual currency and victims are reacting by adding protections to their equipment.

Savings is, like any other use of your income, a state of mind. The rule here is to pay yourself first. Don’t resolve to put whatever is left after expenses are met into a savings account. Make it the top priority. Developing that habit goes a long way toward helping you to resist the temptation to delay starting and maintaining a savings cache.

The amount you commit to an emergency fund is not as important as your commitment to do it faithfully. Include savings as an integral part of your family budget. Set up an automatic deposit that will put savings into your account a few days after your paycheck is deposited.

Whenever you have a little windfall – tax refund, gift, overtime pay, etc. – put it into savings. Each time you pay off a debt or receive a raise, think of savings first.

When you are job hunting, give preference to employers who can offer the best benefits such as health insurance, matching retirement savings plans or travel reimbursement. Each perk that comes with the job saves you the money it would have cost you and helps build your savings.

Put your emergency savings into a separate account. Look for an account that offers interest, if possible.

If you experience a financial emergency, of course use the money you have set aside for these occasions. Just don’t delay to begin building it again as soon as possible.

Your ultimate goal should be to have three to six months of savings as a cushion against money emergencies, including the loss of your job.

Plan trips for the off-season. Many destinations have their heaviest demand for the summer months. National parks, Europe and Canada fall into this category. Aim for spring, fall or winter to book a vacation. Ski resorts and Caribbean cruises work well with this approach.

Look at a package. Smart travelers book airfare with a hotel or car rental added on. Airlines offer deep discounts on unbooked seats by rolling the fare into a package. Shop online for deals.

Vacation closer to home. Vacation sites you can drive to save big bucks compared with airfare. Have you heard friends talk about the wonderful things you can see and do in your own state? A tour guide book for your own city might surprise you, so latch onto your camera and get to know your own area better.

Be willing to dicker. Independent and regional chain hotels that lack the advertising power of the larger chains may tack on an extra day’s stay or be willing to give a discount to those who ask. Doesn’t hurt to make the request.

A few nights of camping out can give you more money to spend on sightseeing and other activities. Many camps offer setups for under $20 per night. Opting for less than the Ritz makes it possible to make more forays to the mountains or beaches.

Hostels are cheaper than hotels or motels. A dorm-style room may be available for $15 to $35 per night. Some offer amenities such as internet access, game and TV rooms, hot tubs and organized activities. Another option is a private home. Many families leave their homes empty as they spend vacations elsewhere and they offer their accommodations for much less than a regular hotel. Trading homes is a money-saving option. The advantage of being able to cook meals instead of eating out is another way to cut vacation expenses.

National, state and local parks, beaches and forests have miles of hiking and biking trails, beautiful landscapes and good fishing and usually are less crowded than the high-priced resorts.

Cruise ships often make good deals on cabins when people who have booked fail to show up. Check on last-minute bargains.

Take advantage of frequent flyer programs. There is no cost to join and you can start collecting miles on your first flight after joining. Over time, you’ll accumulate points for free flights, hotel stays, merchandise and other perks.

The court’s landmark 5-4 vote on the issue will take away the special break the e-tailers have enjoyed and overturns a 1992 decision that they were exempt from collecting sales taxes.

The Supreme Court ruling specifically addressed a South Dakota situation. That state filed a 2016 lawsuit against online retailers Wayfair, Overstock.com and Newegg over the issue of state tax collection. The high court decision means that online merchants can no longer claim an exemption from collecting sales taxes based on the fact that they have no presence in the states where they sell their wares.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, representing the majority of the justices, said that vast marketing changes no longer justify the practice. It has given the e-commerce marketers an “arbitrary advantage over their competitors who routinely collect state sales taxes,” he said.

The losses in sales tax revenues from the online sales have cost states as much as $33 billion each year, Kennedy noted. In 1992, only 2 percent of Americans had internet access. That figure today is about 89 percent and the percentage of online sales rises regularly. Today, some 9 percent of all retail sales are made on the net, and the rate is growing at four times the rate of the increases in the brick-and-mortar outlets.

Retailers in general applauded the Supreme Court action, realizing that it levels the playing field among merchants online and off. “The Supreme Court has acted correctly in recognizing that it’s time for outdated sales tax policies to change as well,” said Matthew Shay, president and CEO of the National Retail Federation.

Retailers are urging Congress to step up to the plate and craft additional legislation that will permanently resolve the inequities caused by the sales tax issue. The complexities grow as large e-tailers such as Amazon acquire smaller businesses and the mix between big-box stores and small outlets and the erosion of boundaries between in-state and out-of-state sales increases.

Jerome Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve, was asked during a news conference what was keeping pay from reflecting the general growth and he had no satisfactory answer. It’s a puzzle, he said.

With employment at the highest in several decades, there still are unfilled jobs as employers fail to find qualified workers. Those factors would logically portend an era of healthy pay raises, but it hasn’t happened, at least in the country’s leading industries.

Powell could offer only a guess: the economy’s relatively low productivity growth. In essence, he suggested, American workers aren’t generating enough extra value for each hour on the job.

Some economists lay the blame on failure of companies to invest in capital equipment that would improve productivity. Others say that earlier technological breakthroughs have not been duplicated.

Bottom line, as Powell said, “It’s a mystery. A puzzle.”

Part of the mystery, as Powell said in 2017 when he was a Fed governor, is that inflation remains below the central bank’s 2 percent target after years of monetary stimulus. He estimated that inflation will run slightly above that target over the next few years, fueled by President Trump’s tax cuts, low unemployment and a gaping federal budget deficit.

In the meanwhile, hourly wages are flat in many fields, according to the Labor Department, and have actually fallen slightly in others.

Americans are flocking to clothing stores, restaurants and home-improvement stores at a higher rate, the economists report. The increase at “physical stores” outpaced that in “nonstore retailers” such as Amazon, the figures show.

A strong economy and a booming job market, with unemployment at its lowest rate since 2000, are credited with the surge in spending. Tax cuts enacted last year also put some discretionary money into many purses. Spenders watched to see what would happen with taxes and the cuts were an all-clear signal for a shopping bonanza.

At the beginning of this year, economists predicted a 3 percent expansion of the economy. Now they are looking at 3.5 percent.
But, it is not likely that the spending spree will go on indefinitely.

Savings have suffered as the household money went into purchasing. The rate dipped to 2.8 percent in April, one of only three times since the 2008 recession that the figure has been below 3 percent.

Responding to the current spending climate, the Federal Reserve has upped the prime interest rate, and is expected to make additional increases this year. Another factor that could cool the heated economy is the tariff wars going on between the United States and other countries. Combined these market effects could put an end to big spending.

Auto sales are expected to jump sharply if the Trump Administration carries through with threats to put tariffs on cars from Europe and Japan. That would put a damper on car sales, which have shown a 4 percent increase over a year ago. Gas prices also are a factor, with a 17.7 percent increase in gas prices over last year. Fewer car sales and higher gas prices may be the deciding factors for people anticipating a car purchase.

Stay Informed. Not being prepared for the upshot of the disputes could be fatal. Even if a small company does not import raw materials or machinery from China, for example, they could be affected by suppliers down the line who do. The U.S. has published a list of some 1,300 products that could be affected by tariffs. If any of those products are used by small businesses in the United States, they need to be aware.

Look for Alternatives. Small companies may not be able to maintain global supplier networks, but they can look for other way to cultivate relationships in Asian markets. A consultant may be available to guide you through the intricacies of the current markets so you have more than one source to obtain imported items.

Create Ties to Larger Partners: Small companies that are part of larger supply chains have a better chance of getting to multinational companies to purchase raw materials and survive trade disruptions. When then-President George W. Bush imposed tariffs on steel imports in 2002, that’s how some small businesses absorbed the shock. The large auto companies now use their purchasing power to negotiate long-term steel prices and pass the benefit on to suppliers.

Use the Loopholes: If a small business hasn’t been able to find the type of steel it needs in the United States, it can petition for an exemption from tariffs. There is a process to request an exclusion from steel and aluminum tariffs.