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      <ul id="superfish-12" class="sf-menu menu-c sf-horizontal sf-style-pomegranate sf-total-items-5 sf-parent-items-3 sf-single-items-2"><li id="menu-1752-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="http://www.pfizerpro.com/" title="" class="sf-depth-1 ">Health Professionals</a></li><li id="menu-1753-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="http://pfizercareers.com/" title="" class="sf-depth-1 ">Careers</a></li><li id="menu-1754-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/investors" title="" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Investors</a><ul><li id="menu-1757-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Investors</a></li><li id="menu-1758-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/investors/shareholder_services/shareholder_services" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Shareholder Services</a><ul><li id="menu-1759-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/shareholder_services/shareholder_faqs" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Stock FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-1760-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/shareholder_services/advisory_information_for_investors" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Advisory Information</a></li><li id="menu-1761-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/shareholder_services/investor_dashboard" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Investor Dashboard</a></li><li id="menu-1762-12" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/shareholder_services/cost_basis_calculator" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Cost Basis Calculator</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1763-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/financial_reports/financial_reports" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Financial Reports</a></li><li id="menu-1764-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/investors/sec_filings" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">SEC filings</a><ul><li id="menu-1765-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/sec_filings/form10q_filings" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Interactive Data Filings (XBRL)</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1766-12" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/ceo_cfo_certifications/ceo_cfo_certifications" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">CEO/CFO Certifications </a></li><li id="menu-1767-12" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/presentations" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Presentations</a></li><li id="menu-1851-12" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/prospective" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Prospective Investors</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1755-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/partnering" title="" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Partners</a><ul><li id="menu-1801-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Partners</a></li><li id="menu-1769-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Areas of Interest</a><ul><li id="menu-1411-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/biopharmaceuticals" class="sf-depth-3 ">Biopharmaceuticals</a></li><li id="menu-1412-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/consumer_healthcare" class="sf-depth-3 ">Consumer Healthcare</a></li><li id="menu-1415-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/core_therapeutic_areas" class="sf-depth-3 ">Core Therapeutic Areas</a></li><li id="menu-1413-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/innovation" class="sf-depth-3 ">Innovation</a></li><li id="menu-1416-12" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/research_and_development" class="sf-depth-3 ">Research &amp; Development</a></li><li id="menu-1414-12" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/venture_investments" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Venture Investments</a><ul><li id="menu-1435-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/areas_of_interest/our_portfolio" class="sf-depth-4 ">Our Portfolio</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1337-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/partnership_highlights" class="sf-depth-2 ">Partnership Highlights</a></li><li id="menu-866-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/contacts" class="sf-depth-2 ">Contacts</a></li><li id="menu-867-12" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/business_development_leaders" class="sf-depth-2 ">Business Developments Leaders</a></li><li id="menu-778-12" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/events" class="sf-depth-2 ">Events Pfizer is Attending</a></li><li id="menu-1674-12" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/partnering/partnering_with_pfizer_contact_us" class="sf-depth-2 ">Submit Your Opportunities</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1756-12" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/news" title="" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">News</a><ul><li id="menu-1830-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">News</a></li><li id="menu-1831-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/news/press-release" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Press Releases</a><ul><li id="menu-1832-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press-release/press-releases-archive" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Press Release Archive</a></li><li id="menu-1833-12" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press-release/press-statement-archive" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Press Statements</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1721-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/featured_stories" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Features</a></li><li id="menu-1834-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/video-gallery" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Video Gallery</a></li><li id="menu-1835-12" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/info_for_journalists/information_journalists" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Frequently Requested Info</a></li><li id="menu-1836-12" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/news/press_kits/press_kits" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Press Kits &amp; Downloads</a><ul><li id="menu-2271-12" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press_kits/value_of_medicines" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Value of Medicines</a></li><li id="menu-1837-12" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press_kits/press_kit" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Company Press Kit</a></li><li id="menu-1838-12" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press_kits/vaccines_press_kit" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Vaccines Press Kit</a></li><li id="menu-1840-12" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press_kits/get_old" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Get Old Press Kit</a></li><li id="menu-1841-12" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/press_kits/esmo" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">ESMO Press Kit</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1842-12" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/social_media/social_media" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Social Media</a></li><li id="menu-1843-12" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/news/contact/contact_pfizer" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Contact Media Relations</a></li></ul></li></ul>    </div>
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              <h2 class="block-title">Main menu</h2>
            
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <ul id="superfish-2" class="sf-menu main-menu sf-horizontal sf-style-pomegranate sf-total-items-6 sf-parent-items-6 sf-single-items-0"><li id="menu-792-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-4 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/about" title="About Pfizer" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">About Us</a><ul><li id="menu-797-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/about/leadership_and_structure/leadership_structure" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Leadership &amp; Structure</a><ul><li id="menu-801-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/leadership_and_structure/meet_executive_leaders" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Meet Our Executives</a></li><li id="menu-807-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/leadership_and_structure/meet_board" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Meet Our Board</a></li><li id="menu-808-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/leadership_and_structure/company_fact_sheet" class="sf-depth-3 ">Company Fact Sheet</a></li><li id="menu-810-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/leadership_and_structure/executive_speeches" class="sf-depth-3 ">Executive Speeches</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-813-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/corporate_governance" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Corporate Governance</a><ul><li id="menu-817-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/corporate_governance_principles" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Principles</a></li><li id="menu-819-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/corporate_governance_fact_sheet" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Fact Sheet</a></li><li id="menu-875-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-9 menuparent"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/board_committees_charters" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Board Committees &amp; Charters</a><ul><li id="menu-874-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/committee_assignments" class="sf-depth-4 ">Committee Assignments</a></li><li id="menu-876-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/audit_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Audit Committee</a></li><li id="menu-900-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/audit_committee_financial_experts" class="sf-depth-4 ">Audit Committee Financial Expertise</a></li><li id="menu-877-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/corporate_governance_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Corporate Governance Committee</a></li><li id="menu-1370-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/compensation_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Compensation Committee</a></li><li id="menu-878-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/regulatory_compliance_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Regulatory and Compliance Committee</a></li><li id="menu-879-2" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/science_technology_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Science and Technology Committee</a></li><li id="menu-880-2" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/executive_committee" class="sf-depth-4 ">Executive Committee</a></li><li id="menu-1539-2" class="last odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="http://www.pfizer.com/files/about/lead_independent_director.pdf" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Lead Independent Director</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-820-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/board_policies" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Board Policies</a><ul><li id="menu-822-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/lead_independent_director_charters" class="sf-depth-4 ">Lead Independent Director Charters</a></li><li id="menu-823-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/director_qualification_standards" class="sf-depth-4 ">Director Qualification Standards</a></li><li id="menu-825-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/directors_code" class="sf-depth-4 ">Directors Code</a></li><li id="menu-826-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/executive_pension_benefits" class="sf-depth-4 ">Executive Pension Benefits</a></li><li id="menu-827-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/related_persons_transactions" class="sf-depth-4 ">Related Persons Transactions</a></li><li id="menu-828-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/compensation_committee_consultant" class="sf-depth-4 ">Compensation Committee Consultant</a></li><li id="menu-2261-2" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/board_policies/Prohibition_of_Pledging_of_Pfizer_Stock" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Prohibition of Pledging of Pfizer Stock</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-824-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/business_ethics_conduct" class="sf-depth-3 ">Business Conduct and Ethics</a></li><li id="menu-829-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/corporate_governance_faqs" class="sf-depth-3 ">Corporate Governance FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-830-2" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_governance/contact_directors" class="sf-depth-3 ">Contact Our Directors</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-831-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/about/corporate_compliance/corporate_compliance" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Corporate Compliance</a><ul><li id="menu-832-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_compliance/code_of_conduct" class="sf-depth-3 ">Code of Conduct</a></li><li id="menu-899-2" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/corporate_compliance/ethical_sales_and_marketing" class="sf-depth-3 ">Sales &amp; Marketing Compliance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-833-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/about/history/history" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">History</a><ul><li id="menu-883-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/about/history/timeline" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Timeline</a><ul><li id="menu-885-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/1849-1899" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">1849-1899</a></li><li id="menu-886-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/1900-1950" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">1900-1950</a></li><li id="menu-887-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/1951-1999" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">1951-1999</a></li><li id="menu-888-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/2000-Present" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">2000-Present</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-834-2" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-14 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-14 menuparent"><a href="/about/history/gallery_leaders" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Gallery of Leaders</a><ul><li id="menu-840-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/ian_read" class="sf-depth-4 ">Ian Read</a></li><li id="menu-841-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/jeffrey_kindler" class="sf-depth-4 ">Jeffrey B. Kindler</a></li><li id="menu-842-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/henry_mckinnell" class="sf-depth-4 ">Henry A. McKinnell, Jr.</a></li><li id="menu-843-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/william_steere" class="sf-depth-4 "> William C. Steere, Jr.</a></li><li id="menu-844-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/edmund_pratt" class="sf-depth-4 ">Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.</a></li><li id="menu-845-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/john_powers" class="sf-depth-4 ">John J. Powers, Jr.</a></li><li id="menu-846-2" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/john_mckeen" class="sf-depth-4 ">John E. McKeen</a></li><li id="menu-847-2" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/john_smith" class="sf-depth-4 ">John L. Smith</a></li><li id="menu-848-2" class="middle odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/george_anderson" class="sf-depth-4 ">George A. Anderson</a></li><li id="menu-849-2" class="middle even sf-item-10 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/william_erhart" class="sf-depth-4 ">William H. Erhart</a></li><li id="menu-850-2" class="middle odd sf-item-11 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/john_anderson" class="sf-depth-4 ">John Anderson</a></li><li id="menu-851-2" class="middle even sf-item-12 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/emile_pfizer" class="sf-depth-4 ">Emile Pfizer</a></li><li id="menu-852-2" class="middle odd sf-item-13 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/charles_erhart" class="sf-depth-4 ">Charles Erhart</a></li><li id="menu-853-2" class="last even sf-item-14 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history/charles_pfizer" class="sf-depth-4 ">Charles Pfizer</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-854-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/accolades/accolades" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Accolades</a></li><li id="menu-1361-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/b2b/suppliers/supplier_diversity" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Diversity</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-759-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/products" title="Pfizer Products" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Products</a><ul><li id="menu-1216-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/counterfeit_and_importation/counterfeit_importation" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Counterfeiting &amp; Importation</a></li><li id="menu-1161-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/products/hcp/healthcare" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Authorized Distributors</a><ul><li id="menu-1257-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/hcp/pfizer_authorized_distributors" class="sf-depth-3 ">Pfizer Authorized Distributors</a></li><li id="menu-1258-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/hcp/greenstone_authorized_distributors" class="sf-depth-3 ">Greenstone Authorized Distributors</a></li><li id="menu-1256-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/hcp/pantoprazole_authorized_distributors" class="sf-depth-3 ">Pantoprazole Authorized Distributors</a></li><li id="menu-1169-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/hcp/resource_center" class="sf-depth-3 ">Resource Center </a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1157-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/msds/material_safety_data_sheets" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Material Safety Data Sheets</a></li><li id="menu-2276-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/products/medical-information/medical-information" class="sf-depth-2 ">Medical Information</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1272-2" class="active-trail middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-4 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/research" title="Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development at Pfizer" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent active">Research</a><ul><li id="menu-2406-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Therapeutic Areas</a><ul><li id="menu-2411-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/immunology_and_inflammation" title="" class="sf-depth-3 "> Immunology &amp; Inflammation</a></li><li id="menu-2416-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/cardiovascular_and_metabolic_diseases" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">CV &amp; Metabolic Diseases</a></li><li id="menu-2421-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/oncology" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Oncology</a></li><li id="menu-2426-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/vaccines" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Vaccines</a></li><li id="menu-2431-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/neuroscience_and_pain" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Neuroscience &amp; Pain</a></li><li id="menu-2436-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/rare_disease" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Rare Disease</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2441-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Science &amp; Technology</a><ul><li id="menu-2446-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_vision" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">R&amp;D Vision</a></li><li id="menu-2451-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/meet_our_scientists" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Meet Our Scientists</a></li><li id="menu-2596-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/product_pipeline" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Product Pipeline</a><ul><li id="menu-2601-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/product_pipeline/past_pipelines" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Past Pipeline Updates</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2456-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/operating_model" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Operating Model</a></li><li id="menu-2461-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_platforms" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">R&amp;D Platforms</a></li><li id="menu-2466-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/biosimilars" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Biosimilars</a></li><li id="menu-2471-2" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-9 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">R&amp;D Locations</a><ul><li id="menu-2476-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ma_andover" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Andover</a></li><li id="menu-2486-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ma_cambridge" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Cambridge (U.S.)</a></li><li id="menu-2481-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/uk_cambridge" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Cambridge (UK)</a></li><li id="menu-2491-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ct_groton" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Groton</a></li><li id="menu-2496-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ca_la_jolla" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">La Jolla</a></li><li id="menu-2501-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ny_pearl_river" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Pearl River</a></li><li id="menu-2506-2" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ca_san_francisco" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">San Francisco</a></li><li id="menu-2511-2" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/uk_sandwich" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Sandwich</a></li><li id="menu-2516-2" class="last odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/mo_st_louis" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">St. Louis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2521-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/research/rd_partnering" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">R&amp;D Partnering</a><ul><li id="menu-2526-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/working_in_rd" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Working in R&amp;D</a></li><li id="menu-2531-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/rd_ecosystem" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">R&amp;D Ecosystem</a></li><li id="menu-2536-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/centers_for_therapeutic_innovation" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Centers for Therapeutic Innovation</a></li><li id="menu-2541-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/investigator_initiated_research" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Investigator-Initiated Research</a><ul><li id="menu-2591-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/investigator_initiated_research/competitive_grant_programs" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Competitive Grant Programs</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2546-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/compound_transfer_program" title="" class="sf-depth-3 "> Compound Transfer Program</a></li><li id="menu-2551-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/careers" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Careers</a></li><li id="menu-2556-2" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/post_doc_program" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Post-doc Program</a></li><li id="menu-2561-2" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/rd_partnering/partnering" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Partnering</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2566-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/research/clinical_trials" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Clinical Trials</a><ul><li id="menu-2571-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/clinical_innovation" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Clinical Innovation</a></li><li id="menu-2576-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/phases_of_development" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Phases of Development</a></li><li id="menu-2581-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/policies_positions_and_case_studies" title="" class="sf-depth-3 "> Policies, Positions &amp; Case Studies</a></li><li id="menu-2606-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/trial_data_and_results" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Trial Data &amp; Results</a><ul><li id="menu-2611-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/trial_data_and_results/data_requests" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Data Access Requests</a></li><li id="menu-2366-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/research_clinical_trials/trial_results" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Clinical Study Report Synopses</a></li><li id="menu-2616-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/trial_data_and_results/data_to_patients" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Returning Data to Patients</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2586-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/clinical_trials/find_a_trial" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Find a Trial</a></li><li id="menu-1292-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/research/pmc/post_marketing_commitments" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Post Marketing Commitments</a><ul><li id="menu-1293-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/what_pmc" class="sf-depth-4 ">What is a PMC?</a></li><li id="menu-1294-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/medicine_specific_pmcs" class="sf-depth-4 ">U.S. Medicine Specific PMCs</a></li><li id="menu-1295-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/summary_information_pmcs" class="sf-depth-4 ">U.S. PMC Summary</a></li><li id="menu-1297-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/medicine_specific_pmcs_eu" class="sf-depth-4 ">EU Medicine Specific PMCs</a></li><li id="menu-1299-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/summary_information_pmcs_eu" class="sf-depth-4 ">EU Summary Information on PMCs</a></li><li id="menu-1300-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/faqs" class="sf-depth-4 ">FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-1301-2" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/pmc/glossary" class="sf-depth-4 ">Glossary</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-793-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-5 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility" title="Corporate Social Responsibility" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Responsibility</a><ul><li id="menu-1246-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/global_health" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Global Health Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-1368-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/global_health_fellows" class="sf-depth-3 ">Global Health Fellows</a></li><li id="menu-1132-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/international_trachoma_initiative" class="sf-depth-3 ">International Trachoma Initiative</a></li><li id="menu-1133-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/malaria_efforts" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Malaria Efforts</a><ul><li id="menu-1259-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/pfizer_malaria_partnership" class="sf-depth-4 ">Mobilize Against Malaria</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1154-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/global_health_partnerships" class="sf-depth-3 ">Global Health Partnerships</a></li><li id="menu-1158-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/infectious_diseases_institute" class="sf-depth-3 ">Infectious Diseases Institute</a></li><li id="menu-1151-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/global_health/diflucan_partnership_program" class="sf-depth-3 ">Diflucan Partnership</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1135-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/grants_and_contributions" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Grants &amp; Contributions</a><ul><li id="menu-1136-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/transparency_in_grants" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Transparency in Grants</a><ul><li id="menu-1206-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/description_funding_recipient_organizations" class="sf-depth-4 ">Descriptions of Funding Types and Recipient Organizations</a></li><li id="menu-1207-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/faqs" class="sf-depth-4 ">FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-1205-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/statement_transparency_grants" class="sf-depth-4 ">Statement on Transparency in Grants</a></li><li id="menu-3216-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/transparency_in_grants/eu_funding" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Support to European and International Patient Organisations</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1137-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/lobbying_and_political_contributions" class="sf-depth-3 ">Lobbying &amp; Political Contributions</a></li><li id="menu-1142-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/independent_grants" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Independent Grants for Learning &amp; Change</a><ul><li id="menu-1377-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/funded_initiatives" class="sf-depth-4 ">Funded Initiatives</a></li><li id="menu-1373-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/grants_process" class="sf-depth-4 ">Grant Process</a></li><li id="menu-1376-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/request_proposals" class="sf-depth-4 ">Request for Proposals</a></li><li id="menu-1215-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/resource_center" class="sf-depth-4 ">Resource Center</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2681-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/medical_and_academic_partnerships" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Medical &amp; Academic Partnerships</a><ul><li id="menu-2686-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/medical_and_academic_partnerships/directory" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Directory</a></li><li id="menu-2701-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/medical_and_academic_partnerships/health_educational_speaking_books" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Health Educational Speaking Books</a></li><li id="menu-2691-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/medical_and_academic_partnerships/public_private_partnerships" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Public - Private Partnerships</a></li><li id="menu-2696-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/medical_and_academic_partnerships/public_health_books" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Public Health Books</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1168-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/health_care_charitables" class="sf-depth-3 ">Health Care Charitables</a></li><li id="menu-1170-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/grants_contributions/special_events" class="sf-depth-3 ">Special Events</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1145-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/working_with_hcp" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Working With Health Care Professionals</a><ul><li id="menu-1162-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/research_development" class="sf-depth-3 ">Research and Development</a></li><li id="menu-1163-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/professional_advising" class="sf-depth-3 ">Professional Advising</a></li><li id="menu-1165-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/expert_led_forums" class="sf-depth-3 ">Expert-Led Forums</a></li><li id="menu-1166-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/in_office_info_sessions" class="sf-depth-3 ">In-Office Information Sessions</a></li><li id="menu-1167-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/policies_practices" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Policies and Practices</a><ul><li id="menu-1171-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/working_with_hcp_benefits_patients" class="sf-depth-4 ">Working with Health Care Professionals Benefits Patients</a></li><li id="menu-1172-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/how_we_select_our_hcp_partners" class="sf-depth-4 ">How We Select Our Health Care Professional Partners</a></li><li id="menu-1173-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/ensuring_integrity_with_hcp" class="sf-depth-4 ">Ensuring the Integrity of Our Relationships with Health Care Professionals</a></li><li id="menu-1174-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/why_disclose_payments_to_hcp" class="sf-depth-4 ">Why We Disclose Payments to Health Care Professionals</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1208-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/payments_to_hcp" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Payments to Health Care Professionals</a><ul><li id="menu-1336-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/payments_report" class="sf-depth-4 ">Payment Report</a></li><li id="menu-1209-2" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/what_we_are_disclosing" class="sf-depth-4 ">What We Are Disclosing</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1210-2" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/working_with_hcp/faqs_hcp" class="sf-depth-3 ">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1147-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/protecting_the_environment" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Protecting the Environment</a><ul><li id="menu-1250-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/supplier_ehs" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Supplier EHS</a><ul><li id="menu-1251-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/supplier_review" class="sf-depth-4 ">Supplier Review</a></li><li id="menu-1252-2" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/supplier_partnerships" class="sf-depth-4 ">Supplier Partnerships</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1134-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/ehs_governance" class="sf-depth-3 ">EHS Governance</a></li><li id="menu-1148-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/key_performance_indicators" class="sf-depth-3 ">Key Performance Indicators</a></li><li id="menu-1149-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-9 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/green_journey" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Pfizer&#039;s Green Journey</a><ul><li id="menu-1150-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/about_green_journey" class="sf-depth-4 ">About Green Journey</a></li><li id="menu-1152-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/climate_change" class="sf-depth-4 ">Climate Change</a></li><li id="menu-1153-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/energy_efficiency" class="sf-depth-4 ">Energy Efficiency</a></li><li id="menu-1155-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/water" class="sf-depth-4 ">Water Use</a></li><li id="menu-1156-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/waste_and_recycling" class="sf-depth-4 ">Waste and Recycling</a></li><li id="menu-1449-2" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/preserving_natural_resources" class="sf-depth-4 ">Preserving Natural Resources</a></li><li id="menu-1211-2" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/greener_workplace" class="sf-depth-4 ">Greener Workplace</a></li><li id="menu-1212-2" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/greener_processes" class="sf-depth-4 ">Greener Processes</a></li><li id="menu-1213-2" class="last odd sf-item-9 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/packaging" class="sf-depth-4 ">Product Packaging</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1214-2" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/product_stewardship" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Product Stewardship</a><ul><li id="menu-1247-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/pharmaceuticals_in_the_environment" class="sf-depth-4 ">Pharmaceuticals in the Environment</a></li><li id="menu-1248-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/unused_medicines" class="sf-depth-4 ">Unused Medicines</a></li><li id="menu-1249-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/protecting_environment/disposal_of_sharp" class="sf-depth-4 ">Disposal of Sharps</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1138-2" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/workplace_responsibility" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Workplace Responsibility</a><ul><li id="menu-1139-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/hiv_aids_workplace_policy" class="sf-depth-3 ">HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy</a></li><li id="menu-1140-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/health_and_safety" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Health and Safety</a><ul><li id="menu-1141-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/injury_free" class="sf-depth-4 ">Injury Free</a></li><li id="menu-1143-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/safety" class="sf-depth-4 ">Safety</a></li><li id="menu-1144-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/fleet_safety" class="sf-depth-4 "> Fleet Safety</a></li><li id="menu-1146-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/occupational_health" class="sf-depth-4 ">Occupational Health</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-1378-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/responsibility/workplace_responsibility/human_rights_statement" class="sf-depth-3 ">Human Rights Statement</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-795-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-5 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/health" title="Health &amp; Wellness" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Health &amp; Wellness</a><ul><li id="menu-798-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/health/medicine_safety/medicine_safety" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Medicine Safety</a><ul><li id="menu-812-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/medicine_safety/medicine_safety_education" class="sf-depth-3 ">Medicine Safety Education</a></li><li id="menu-811-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/medicine_safety/medicine_safety_at_pfizer" class="sf-depth-3 ">Medicine Safety At Pfizer</a></li><li id="menu-814-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/medicine_safety/reporting_adverse_events" class="sf-depth-3 ">Reporting Adverse Events</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-799-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/health/financial_assistance_programs/patient_assistance_programs" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Patient Assistance Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-816-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/financial_assistance_programs/government_programs" class="sf-depth-3 ">Government Programs</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-815-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/health/vaccines/index" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Vaccines</a><ul><li id="menu-1164-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/vaccines/legacy_of_achievement" class="sf-depth-3 ">Legacy of Achievement</a></li><li id="menu-821-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/vaccines/developing_world" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">In the Developing World</a></li><li id="menu-818-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/vaccines/meet_our_vaccines_leaders" class="sf-depth-3 ">Meet Our Vaccines Leaders</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-803-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/health/senior_health/index" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Senior Health</a><ul><li id="menu-804-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/health/senior_health/medicare_resources/index" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Medicare Resources</a><ul><li id="menu-800-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/senior_health/medicare_resources/faq" class="sf-depth-4 ">FAQs</a></li><li id="menu-809-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/senior_health/medicare_resources/appeals_process" class="sf-depth-4 ">Appeals Process</a></li><li id="menu-802-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/senior_health/medicare_resources/glossary" class="sf-depth-4 ">Glossary</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-805-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/senior_health/taking_medicines" class="sf-depth-3 ">Taking Your Medications Correctly</a></li><li id="menu-806-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/senior_health/vitamins" class="sf-depth-3 ">Vitamins &amp; Your Health</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-864-2" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="http://gethealthystayhealthy.com/" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Chief Medical Officer</a></li><li id="menu-2781-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/health/literacy" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Health Literacy</a><ul><li id="menu-2786-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/health/literacy/patients_and_families" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Patients and Families</a><ul><li id="menu-2791-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/patients_and_families/how_common_is_low_health_literacy" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">How common is low health literacy?</a></li><li id="menu-2796-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/patients_and_families/overview_of_health_literacy/how_does_low_health_literacy_relate_to_health" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">How does low health literacy relate to health?</a></li><li id="menu-2806-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/patients_and_families/what_can_patients_families_do/ask_questions" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">What can you do?</a></li><li id="menu-2801-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/patients_and_families/pa_what_is_clear_health_communication" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">What is clear health communication?</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2811-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-1 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Healthcare Professionals</a><ul><li id="menu-2816-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/overview_of_health_literacy_health_communication/how_prevalent_is_low_health_literacy" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">How prevalent is low health literacy?</a></li><li id="menu-2821-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/overview_of_health_literacy_health_communication/what_is_clear_health_communication" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Clear health communication</a></li><li id="menu-2826-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/clinical_practice_public_health/how_does_health_literacy_affect_patients_health" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Impact on patient health</a></li><li id="menu-2831-2" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-total-children-5 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/what_are_universal_precautions_for_health_communication" title="" class="sf-depth-4  menuparent">Universal precautions</a><ul><li id="menu-2846-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-5 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/how_healthcare_facilities_be_more_sensitive" title="" class="sf-depth-5 ">Improve facilities</a></li><li id="menu-2851-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-5 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/how_health_professionals_address_health_literacy" title="" class="sf-depth-5 ">Improve public communication</a></li><li id="menu-2836-2" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-5 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/how_healthcare_professionals_improve_verbal_communication" title="" class="sf-depth-5 ">Improve verbal communication</a></li><li id="menu-2841-2" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-5 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/how_principles_of_clear_health_communication_apply" title="" class="sf-depth-5 ">Improve written communication</a></li><li id="menu-2856-2" class="last odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-5 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/improving_health_comm/what_resources_health_professionals_consider_recommending" title="" class="sf-depth-5 ">Resources to recommend</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2861-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/health/literacy/public_policy_researchers/overview_of_health_literacy_and_clear_health_communication" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Public Policy/Researchers</a><ul><li id="menu-2866-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/public_policy_researchers/current_research_in_health_literacy" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Current research in health literacy</a></li><li id="menu-2876-2" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/public_policy_researchers/nvs_toolkit" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Newest Vital Sign Toolkit</a></li><li id="menu-2871-2" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/health/literacy/healthcare_professionals/public_policy_researchers/opportunities_for_funding_and_collaboration" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Opportunities for funding and collaboration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-794-2" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/contact/contact_us_support" title="Contact Us Support" class="sf-depth-1  menuparent">Contact Us</a><ul><li id="menu-1725-2" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/contact/faqs" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="menu-2621-2" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/general/privacy" title="" class="sf-depth-2 ">See Our Updated Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></li></ul>    </div>
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        <section class="block block-superfish block-8 block-superfish-8 odd" id="block-superfish-8">
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              <h2 class="block-title">Research</h2>
            
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <ul id="superfish-8" class="sf-menu main-menu sf-navbar sf-style-coffee sf-total-items-4 sf-parent-items-4 sf-single-items-0"><li id="menu-2406-8" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Therapeutic Areas</a><ul><li id="menu-2411-8" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/immunology_and_inflammation" title="" class="sf-depth-3 "> Immunology &amp; Inflammation</a></li><li id="menu-2416-8" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/cardiovascular_and_metabolic_diseases" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">CV &amp; Metabolic Diseases</a></li><li id="menu-2421-8" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/oncology" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Oncology</a></li><li id="menu-2426-8" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/vaccines" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Vaccines</a></li><li id="menu-2431-8" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/neuroscience_and_pain" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Neuroscience &amp; Pain</a></li><li id="menu-2436-8" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/therapeutic_areas/rare_disease" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Rare Disease</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2441-8" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-5 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology" title="" class="sf-depth-2  menuparent">Science &amp; Technology</a><ul><li id="menu-2446-8" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_vision" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">R&amp;D Vision</a></li><li id="menu-2451-8" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/meet_our_scientists" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Meet Our Scientists</a></li><li id="menu-2596-8" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/product_pipeline" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">Product Pipeline</a><ul><li id="menu-2601-8" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/product_pipeline/past_pipelines" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Past Pipeline Updates</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2456-8" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/operating_model" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Operating Model</a></li><li id="menu-2461-8" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_platforms" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">R&amp;D Platforms</a></li><li id="menu-2466-8" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/biosimilars" title="" class="sf-depth-3 ">Biosimilars</a></li><li id="menu-2471-8" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-total-children-9 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-9 menuparent"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations" title="" class="sf-depth-3  menuparent">R&amp;D Locations</a><ul><li id="menu-2476-8" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ma_andover" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Andover</a></li><li id="menu-2486-8" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ma_cambridge" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Cambridge (U.S.)</a></li><li id="menu-2481-8" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/uk_cambridge" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Cambridge (UK)</a></li><li id="menu-2491-8" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ct_groton" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Groton</a></li><li id="menu-2496-8" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ca_la_jolla" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">La Jolla</a></li><li id="menu-2501-8" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ny_pearl_river" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">Pearl River</a></li><li id="menu-2506-8" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/ca_san_francisco" title="" class="sf-depth-4 ">San Francisco</a></li><li id="menu-2511-8" class="middle even sf-item-8 sf-depth-4 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/science_and_technology/rd_locations/uk_sandwich" title="" class="sf-depth-4 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