Pharm D-Casestudies

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Govt. should engage more pharmacists to make up shortfall of medical personnel: Dr.Suresh

2012-05-14T20:47:00.003+05:30

Govt. should engage more pharmacists to make up shortfall of medical personnel

Union government should look at utilising the large pool of one million pharmacists in the country to support the growing shortfall of health workers in primary and community health centres. Although considerable efforts are being made by the Centre to take on pharmacists to support its shortfall of medical personnel, a lot more needs to be done, stated Dr B Suresh, president, Pharmacy Council of India and vice chancellor, JSS University, Mysore.

There are a large number of pharmacists which are underemployed in the country at the government medical and regulatory institutions. For instance, the government had set up 12 pharmacovigilance centres in the country and 11 of these facilities are manned by medical professionals with only one centre offering an opening for a pharmacist. This should change and pharmacists should be selected for many of these assignments, Dr Suresh told.

“The only way to achieve the goals of the Pharma Vision 2020 would be to ensure pharmacists get the right opportunity and serve as a link between patient and the doctor. Going by the serious shortage of doctors, pharmacists can pitch in to support the healthcare services in the areas of medication management, outcome monitoring and dosage monitoring,” he added.

“The pharmaceutical industry which has come up to a level of recognition now needs to take the assistance of pharmacists in the areas of promoting safe, effective, rational medicine use and patient counselling for India to be able to achieve the Pharma Vision 2020 mandate.”

Currently, the country has the largest qualified pharmacists pool compared to the developing countries of Africa and South Asia. While it is estimated by the World Health Organisation that funds to the tune of US$ 2.5 billion will be needed to train the pharmacists in these countries, Indian government should tap the opportunity of allowing pharmacists to take assignments in these countries under a mutual agreement between nations facing a shortfall of healthcare workers, pointed out Dr Suresh.

Therefore the qualified pharmacists in India now need to increase their expertise and expand their knowledge base in the areas of high tech tailored drug therapies for not just communicable diseases but also maternal and ageing population diseases.

Over the last four IPCs beginning from Mumbai in 2006, Pharmacy Council of India and the IPCA have taken up the onus to create an awareness at these platforms on the importance of pharmacy regulations, building trust, safety and efficiency in healthcare. “We have made inroads as far as extensive and intensive information, education and communication exercises are concerned. Now the government should ensure that pharmacists are utilised in many areas of the healthcare services”, he stated.

A pharmacist can play a wider role in reducing fatalities arising out of medication errors, maternal healthcare, child immunisation programmes, besides controlling the spread of AIDS, HIV and tuberculosis. The government will be able to reduce the disease burden if their services are well utilised opined Dr. Suresh. Therefore the need of the hour is to sensitize the indispensable role of pharmacists in the healthcare space, he added.

Updates in Patient Councelling Techniques.

2012-05-09T23:10:00.003+05:30

How to Have Difficult Conversations With Patients, Families

An Expert Interview With Cyndi Cramer, BA, RN, PCRN

Troy Brown

May 9, 2012 (New Orleans, Louisiana) — Editor's note: Difficult conversations with patients are necessary and, when done well, can actually empower patients and help them plan for the future.

Cyndi Cramer, BA, RN, OCN, PCRN, clinical administrative supervisor and educator in oncology, palliative care, critical care, and pediatrics at the Tampa General Hospital in Florida, spoke about this issue here at the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) 37th Annual Congress.

Cramer talked about why good communication skills are so important and discussed strategies for helping patients and families cope with bad news. In an email interview with Medscape Medical News, she identified things nurses should and should not do when having difficult conversations.

1.What would you say to nurses who are nervous about having difficult conversations with patients?

Cramer: Nobody likes them. Conversations with patients about bad news — grave diagnoses, difficult emotions, tough decisions. We don't like these conversations because we don't like hurting our patients.

This is an anxiety-producing scenario for most nurses.

First, they need to remember they are not alone. If they have any kind of palliative care team, these folks are experts on communication and can help them or even step in for them.

Next, they need to not be afraid. The most important thing they need to do is listen. If they are doing most of the talking, they are talking too much! Most of these conversations are about encouraging the patient to explore what is going on and what they want.

They also need to be gently honest. No euphemisms, no jargon, just simple explanations of what is going on. Patients want us to show we are empathetic to their plight, but most of them want us to be honest.

Finally, they just need to be "present." Presence is all about being there "in the moment." Eye contact and touch are important, unless the patient gives cues that they are uncomfortable (this is unwanted or even inappropriate with some people and some cultures). Giving the patient your full attention is critical, as is encouraging them to continue talking by repeating or rephrasing their statements or acknowledging their fear.

2.Why is good communication important?

Cramer: Good communication is key to everything we do. If we do not communicate well, misunderstandings, false hope, and distrust can be the result. This can lead to patients and families who are confused and angry. Communication is what helps us bond with our patients.

Nurses are the "constant," as Betty Ferrel says. They are with patients for extended periods of time, whereas other healthcare providers come and go. They are the holistic practitioner who is looking at every dimension of the patient. They are the interpreters of what is going on and what others are saying, and they are the patient advocates who are required to speak up for their patient's needs and goals. If they don't do it, who will?

3.What are some examples of poor and good communication?

Cramer: Poor communication is hurried, where the healthcare provider is doing all of the talking, using medical jargon the patient doesn't understand, being distant, not engaged.

Good communication is the opposite — not rushed, simple words, mostly listening, giving small bits at a time, following cues given, being empathetic, and being "present."

4.Can you elaborate on the guidelines that nurses can use to develop good communication techniques?

Cramer: Some wonderful palliative care experts have been writing about communication for years. There are several great guidelines out there. Dr. Robert Buckman is one of my favorites; he has written a great book — Difficult Conversations in Medicine. I really recommend it as a guideline for these conversations.

He gives guidelines and examples of several mnemonics for these conversations. One that he has talked about for years is the SPIKES protocol:

Setting/starting
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Strategy/summary

5.Can you give some examples of words and phrases that should and should not be used?

Cramer: Don't say:

"We are going to withdraw care." (You mean you are not going to care for my mom anymore? Are you just going to ignore her now?)

"What do you want to do?" (referring to end of life issues: You want me to decide? Aren't you the experts? Shouldn't you be telling me what to do?)

"Do you want to make your mom a DNR?" (You want me to just give up? To just let her die? I love my mom and I don't want her to die.)

Do say:

"I wish I had better news for you. (Pause, this is a "warning shot" before giving bad news.) We've exhausted everything that will do anything that will make your mom better. She is going to die from this (many pauses). Did your mom ever talk about what she wanted?"

"This breathing machine is not helping her and patients tell us it's not a comfortable experience. Do you think your mom would rather we let her die naturally? We will stay right here with her and do everything we know how to make her comfortable. There are many things we can do for her."

"We can't fix this. I wish we could. Miracles are extremely rare and happen even without our help when they do occur.... In my experience, she only has hours to days left. You said your mom said she didn't want to die like this. Do you agree that we should allow her to die naturally and not do CPR (push on her chest) or put her on a breathing machine?"

6.Why is nonverbal communication important, and how can nurses use nonverbal language therapeutically with their patients?

Cramer: Only 7% of communication is verbal; 38% comes from your tone of voice and 55% from your body language. We really need to pay attention to what perceptions our patients are getting from our nonverbal communication.

It goes back to "presence": Being with the patient in the moment; eye contact and touch when appropriate; sitting at the bedside instead of standing above the patient or talking over your shoulder while doing other things; listening more than talking.

It does not take as much time as many nurses might think — remember quality, not quantity. It all comes full circle to developing a trusting relationship in a short period of time. Time spent in initial contacts to develop that trust can yield huge benefits later when these difficult conversations are suddenly something we have to face. It is all about putting the "care" into nursing care.

Cramer has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Source:- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/763543

Exclusive Interview with Dr. B Suresh onPharm D in India.

2012-04-20T21:26:00.001+05:30

In a tete a tete with Dr. B. Suresh , President of Pharmacy Council Of India & the esteemed President of The Indian Pharmaceutical Association , the students of the publication team of IPA-SF addressed him to speak up a few words about the latest Pharm.D. Program launched in India.
Dr.B.Suresh Interview

1. You are one of the main driving force behind the introduction of PharmD course in India. Could you please explain the thought processes behind introducing this course and major challenges that you came across in introducing this course?

As The President of PCI , the idea of commencing the Pharm.D. program is the brainchild of professionals from The Pharmacy Council of India headed by me & stalwarts from the field of pharmacy, who feel that after 50 years of being a part of the health care industry the pharmacists should gain a global experience in the field of Hospital & Community Pharmacy.

This experience will enable the pharmacist to advise, consult & help doctors in dispensing medicines to patients, to play a role that is based on KNOWLEDGE and NOT JUST POSITION of the individual and also provide the pharmacist with a role at par with doctors.

In order to achieve these objectives, the curriculum has been redesigned for students who wish to pursue an experimental career in clinical trials.

Students who wish to migrate globally are often faced with problems regarding eligibility for the course & about recognition of the Indian degree in foreign states.

Hence we have come up with a program of {B.Pharm + Pharm.D(3 years)} which gives a global edge to students

2. What is the basic difference between PharmD and PG (post baccalaureate) course?

PG is specialization in a particular field such as Pharmaceutics, Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. In Pharm.D there is no specific area of specialization. It is based on a clinical aspect (related to trials and experiments)

3. What would be job prospects for Pharm.D graduates in India? What kind of jobs should they expect?

A Pharm.D graduate could find jobs mostly related to the clinical force of India. With gradual amendments being made in the health care industry, the Pharm.D graduate could play an active role in heading the Hospital Pharmacy Setting (Hospital Setting/ Hospital Pharmacy)

Also with a large number of Pharmaceutical companies opting for clinical trials the industry is heading towards a business worth 1.4 billion by way of clinical trials.

As the Ayurvedic doctors conduct clinical trials so also the Pharm.D program concentrates on giving these graduates an opportunity to conduct clinical trials and clinical studies. Meanwhile, a Pharm D. graduate could work at industries that deal with clinical trials related to product line & product pipeline.

4. As you know, the current pharmacy graduates (B-Pharm/M-pharm) who passed out after 2003 are not eligible to write FPGEE in USA. Are these PharmD graduates eligible to write FPGEE in USA?

It could not be said right now as it is usually on the basis of a case by case evaluation. There are NABP and other agencies which are dealing with aspects of foreign education. However, we do not believe in producing pharmacists for the overseas market but in updating the quality of our pharmacists here. We are trying to create an educational board such that it receives international approval.

5. Right now, role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care is almost zero in India... Is there any foundation being laid down to make pharmacists a part of the health care systems in India? What efforts are going on towards that?

Earlier since there were not many health care services the pharmacists did not play a significant role. Pharmacists have mostly been involved in the industrial aspect of health care. But now with the introduction of Pharm.D we expect more clinical trials taking place & a forthcoming change that will strengthen the role of the Pharmacist in the Health Care system very soon.

Welcome Note

2012-04-12T23:58:00.001+05:30

Hello fellow Pharm D's , i welcome you all to this blog which i have designed to help my friends and students who are willing to get more info about the case studies and the topics with all the latest and updated info.

I will also provide latest updates going on in the field of Pharm D and also Videos which will make learning interesting and easy.