I am Pharmacist

Part 1 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions - Part 4

2023-05-23T23:01:00.017+05:00

pharmaceutical calculations questions and answers

Note:: First try your best to solve these pharmaceutical calculations. If you find them difficult you can consult the step-by-step solutions at the end of the MCQ questions.

Part 2 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

76) What is the volume, in milliliters, of 85.7% w/w lactic acid (with a specific gravity of 1.19) required to prepare 120 mL of a 10% w/v lactic acid solution?

a- 7.6 mL

b- 11.8 mL

c- 14.5 mL

d- 19.4 mL

e- 22.6 mL

Solution:

This is a pharmaceutical calculation problem related to the dilution of acids.

Concentrated acids are expressed as w/w

Diluted acids are expressed as w/v

To express the (85.7% w/w lactic acid) concentrated acid as diluted;

We can use the following equation to achieve our target;

w/v = w/w x density ________ equation 1

We are not given the density of lactic acid but the specific gravity of 1.19 is given and we can calculate density from it, as

specific gravity = density of lactic acid / density of water at 4°C

The density of water at 4°C is 1 g/mL.

density of lactic acid = specific gravity / density of water at 4°C

density of lactic acid = 1.19 / 1 = 1.19 g/mL

Put this density into equation 1, we get;

w/v = 85.7% x 1.19 = 101.983 w/v

Now we can solve this problem by using the formula

Q1C1 = Q2C2

Q1 = the quantity (volume) of the starting solution = unknown

C1 = the concentration of the starting solution = 101.983 w/v

Q2 = the desired quantity (volume) of the diluted solution = 120 mL

C2 = the desired concentration of the diluted solution = 10% w/v

Putting the values into the formula;

x mL (101.983 w/v) = 120 mL (10% w/v)

x = 120 mL (10% w/v) / (101.983 w/v)

x = 11.76 mL

Therefore, approximately 11.8 mL of 85.7% w/w lactic acid is needed to make 120 mL of 10% w/v lactic acid.

Thus, the correct option is b.

77) How many milliosmoles (mOsm) are present in 1 liter of sodium chloride injection? (Molecular weight of sodium chloride = 58.5)

a- 0.308 mOsm

b- 3.08 mOsm

c- 30.8 mOsm

d- 308 mOsm

e- 3080 mOsm

Solution:

An osmole is a unit of measurement that represents the number of particles in a solution, such as ions or molecules, that can contribute to the osmotic pressure of the solution.

A milliosmole (mOsm) is equal to one-thousandth of an osmole. The formula for milliosmole is;

mOsm = millimoles * number of species

A mole (mol) is a unit of measurement used to express the amount of a substance. The formula for mole is:

moles = Wt. of a substance in g / molecular weight

A millimole (mmol) is one-thousandth of a mole.

millimoles = (Wt. of a substance in g / molecular weight) × 1000

Now,

Molecular weight of sodium chloride = 58.5

We have to find out the number of milliosmoles present in 1 liter of sodium chloride injection. For that we have to know about the millimoles and number of species of sodium chloride.

The number of species is the number of species per molecule of solute (which is 2 for sodium chloride, since it dissociates into one sodium ion and one chloride ion).

Now to calculate the millimoles;

To find the Wt. of a substance in g, that is the concentration of sodium chloride in the solution;

Since we know that 0.9% NaCl contains 0.9 grams of sodium chloride in 100 mL of injection but we are given 1 liter of sodium chloride injection, so

Wt. of a substance in g = (0.9 / 100) x 1000 = 9 grams

Therefore, 9 grams of NaCl are there in 1 liter of injection.

Putting the values into the formula;

millimoles = ( 9 grams / 58.5 g/mol ) x 1000 = 153.846

Now put the values into the mOsm formula;

mOsm = 153.846 x 2

mOsm = 307.69 mOsm / L

Therefore, 1 liter of sodium chloride injection with a concentration of 0.9% w/v contains about 308 mOsm.

Thus, the correct option is d.

78) What is the concentration of a drug in parts per million if the blood level is 8 μg/dL?

a- 0.08 ppm

b- 0.8 ppm

c- 8 ppm

d- 80 ppm

e- 800 ppm

Solution:

1 part per million or PPM is equal to;

1 part (g) per 1,000,000 parts (mL)

i.e. 1 PPM = 1 / 1000,000

Blood level of the drug is 8 μg/dL, so we need to align the units according to the ppm, so lets convert 8 μg/dL into g/mL

1 gram = 1000,000 μg

1 μg = 1 / 1000,000 grams

8 μg = 8 / 1000,000 grams = 0.000008 g

AND

1 Liter = 10 dL = 1000 mL

1 dL = 100 mL

So,

8 μg/dL is equal to 0.000008 g / 100 mL

Now lets calculate PPM;

0.000008 g / 100 mL = x / 1000,000

x = (0.000008 g / 100 mL) x 1000,000

x = Concentration in PPM = 0.08 ppm

So, the concentration of the drug in parts per million is 0.08 ppm.

Thus, the correct option is a.

79) A prescription for the anti-cancer medication Tamoxifen has been given to a patient. The instructions on the prescription indicate: Tabs p.o. i t.i.d. x 2.5 years. Each tablet of Tamoxifen contains 20 mg of the medication. What will be the total amount of Tamoxifen the patient will consume over a period of five weeks?

a- 420 mg

b- 840 mg

c- 1200 mg

d- 2100 mg

e- 2500 mg

Solution:

The prescription "Tabs p.o. i t.i.d. x 2.5 years" means that the patient should take Tamoxifen one tablet by mouth, thrice daily, for a period of two and a half years.

To calculate how many milligrams of Tamoxifen the patient will take in five weeks, we need to determine the total number of tablets the patient will take in that time period.

There are 7 days in a week, so 5 weeks is equal to 5 x 7 = 35 days.

The patient is instructed to take Tamoxifen tablets thrice daily, so they will take 3 tablets per day.

Therefore, the total number of tablets the patient will take in 5 weeks is:

3 tablets/day x 35 days = 105 tablets

Each tablet contains 20mg of tamoxifen, so the total amount of tamoxifen the patient will take in 5 weeks is:

105 tablets x 20mg/tablet = 2,100 mg

Therefore, the patient will take 2,100 mg of tamoxifen in five weeks.

Thus, the correct option is d.

80) What will be the weight of 420 milliliters of light liquid petrolatum with a specific gravity of 0.81, expressed in grams?

a- 94.4 grams

b- 180.6 grams

c- 320 grams

d- 340.2 grams

e- 400 grams

Solution:

To calculate the weight of 420 milliliters of light liquid petrolatum with a specific gravity of 0.81, expressed in grams, we can use the formula:

mass = volume x specific gravity

Where "mass" is the weight in grams, "volume" is the volume in milliliters, and "specific gravity" is the specific gravity of the liquid.

So, for this problem:

mass = 420 ml x 0.81

mass = 340.2 grams

Therefore, the weight of 420 milliliters of light liquid petrolatum with a specific gravity of 0.81, expressed in grams, is 340.2 grams.

Thus, the correct option is d.

81) What volume of an injectable solution containing 25µg of a drug substance per 0.5 mL would be needed to administer 0.25 mg of the drug substance?

a- 3 mL

b- 5 mL

c- 7 mL

d- 10 mL

e- 15 mL

Solution:

We can use proportion to solve this problem.

Since there are 25µg of drug substance in 0.5 mL of solution, we can set up the following proportion:

25µg 0.25 mg

-------- = -----------

0.5 mL x mL

To make this proportion work, lets convert mg into µg;

0.25 mg = 250 µg

So,

25µg 250 µg

-------- = -----------

0.5 mL x mL

Now solving for x;

x = (0.5 mL x 250 µg) / 25µg

x = 5 mL

Therefore, we need to administer 5 mL of the injectable solution to provide 0.25 mg (or 250 µg) of the drug substance.

Thus, the correct option is b.

82) What is the required quantity in grams of substance X that needs to be added to a 2000 gm solution containing 10% substance X in order to obtain a 25% solution of substance X?

a- 180 grams

b- 250 grams

c- 400 grams

d- 455 grams

e- 500 grams

Solution:

To prepare a 25% solution of substance X, we need to determine how much pure substance X is required to achieve this concentration.

The given solution contains 10% substance X, which means that in 2000 grams of the solution, there are 10% of substance X and 90% of other components (solvent or additives).

To calculate the amount of pure substance X in the existing solution, we multiply the total weight of the solution by the concentration of substance X:

Amount of substance X = 2000 grams × 10% = 200 grams

Now, we need to determine how much additional pure substance X we need to add to the existing solution to reach a total of 25% concentration.

Let's assume the amount of pure substance X to be added is y grams.

The final solution will have a total weight of 2000 grams (existing solution) + y grams (added substance X). The amount of substance X in the final solution will be the sum of the initial amount and the added amount:

Amount of substance X in the final solution = 200 grams (existing) + y grams (added)

To express this as a percentage, we divide the amount of substance X in the final solution by the total weight of the final solution and multiply by 100:

25% = (Amount of substance X in the final solution / Total weight of the final solution) × 100

Substituting the values, we get:

25% = (200 grams + y grams) / (2000 grams + y grams) × 100

Simplifying the equation:

25(2000 + y) = (200 + y)(100)

50000 + 25y = 20000 + 100y

75y = 30000

y = 400 grams

Therefore, 400 grams of pure substance X should be added to the existing 2000 grams of 10% substance X solution to prepare a 25% solution.

Also this problem can be solved by the Alligation method.

Since substance X is there in pure form, we can take its concentration to be 100%, and thus the highest concentration.

The lowest concentration is 10% and the desired concentration is 25%.

So, the resulting Alligation diagram will be;

100% 15 parts

25%

10% 75 parts

It is clear from the Alligation diagram, to produce the desired 25% solution of substance X, we will have to take 15 parts of the pure substance X and 75 parts of the 10% substance X solution and mix them together.

To carry out the problem successfully, we will need to convert the parts into grams.

We know the weight of the 75 parts of the 10% solution which is 2000 grams. We just need to find out the weight of the 15 parts of the pure substance X. So,

75 parts 2000 grams

---------- = ---------------

15 parts y grams

Solving for y;

y = ( 15 x 2000 ) / 75

y = 400 grams

Thus, the correct option is c.

83) What is the time duration required for the body to receive a full dose of a drug with a half-life of 72 hours?

a- 3 days

b- 6 days

c- 1.5 weeks

d- 2 weeks

e- 3 weeks

Solution:

The half-life (T1/2) of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half. In the case of a drug with a T1/2 of 72 hours, it means that after 72 hours, the concentration of the drug in the body will be reduced by half.

To determine how long it takes for the body to receive a complete dose of the drug, we can use the concept of multiple half-lives. Generally, it takes around 5 half-lives for a drug to reach a steady-state concentration or for the body to receive a complete dose.

In this case, since the half-life is 72 hours, we multiply the half-life by 5 to estimate the time required for a complete dose. 72 hours multiplied by 5 gives us 360 hours.

Therefore, it takes approximately 360 hours for the body to receive a complete dose of the drug with a T1/2 of 72 hours. This assumes that the drug is being continuously administered or taken at regular intervals.

Since the options are given in days and weeks, we need to convert the hours into the said units;

Converting 360 hours into days;

360 hours / 24 hours = 15 days

And in weeks form, we get

15 days / 7 days = 2.142 weeks

Thus, the correct option is d.

84) Calculate the half-life for a drug which has a rate constant of 0.035 minutes?

a- 0.16 hours

b- 0.22 hours

c- 0.33 hours

d- 0.462 hours

e- 0.56 hours

Solution:

To calculate the half-life of a drug with a rate constant of 0.035 minutes, we can use the formula:

Half-life (t½) = (0.693 / rate constant)

Plugging in the given rate constant:

t½ = 0.693 / 0.035

Solving this equation:

t½ = 19.8 minutes

Since options given are in hours format, we need to convert the half-life of the drug from minutes to hours. For that, divide the half-life value by 60 (since there are 60 minutes in an hour):

19.8 minutes / 60 = 0.33 hours

Therefore, the half-life of the drug is approximately 0.33 hours.

Thus, the correct option is c.

85) What is the concentration of the drug in mcg/ml after diluting 5cc of Lidocaine with a concentration of 0.1mg/cc with water up to the 70cc mark?

a- 5 mcg/mL

b- 7 mcg/mL

c- 10 mcg/mL

d- 14 mcg/mL

e- 15 mcg/mL

Solution:

To calculate the strength of the drug in mcg/ml after dilution, we need to consider the dilution formula;

c1v1 = c2v2

where,

c1 is the initial given concentration,

v1 is the initial given volume,

c2 is the desired concentration, and

v2 is the final volume.

In this case, we know:

c1 = 0.1mg/cc

v1 = 5 cc

c2 = ?

v2 = 70 cc

Now we can plug in the values and solve for c2;

0.1mg/cc x 5 cc = c2 x 70 cc

c2 = 0.007 mg/cc

Now we should convert mg/cc into mcg/ml;

Note: 1cc = 1 mL

So we can say we are to convert mg/mL into mcg/mL, or we just need to convert mg into mcg.

So,

0.007 mg/cc = 7 mcg/mL

Therefore, the strength of the drug in the diluted solution would be 7 mcg/ml.

Thus, the correct option is b.

86) What is the pH of a solution when the ratio of ionized to unionized species of drugs is 1 x 10⁻⁶, given that the pKa is 7?

a- 1

b- 2

c- 3

d- 6

e- 7

Solution:

To determine the pH of a solution with a ratio of ionized to unionized species of drugs of 1 x 10⁻⁶, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-] / [HA])

Given that pKa is 7, we can substitute the ratio of ionized (A-) to unionized (HA) species into the equation:

pH = 7 + log(1 x 10⁻⁶)

Using logarithmic properties, we can simplify this equation:

pH = 7 - 6

pH = 1

Therefore, the pH of the solution would be 1.

Thus, the correct option is a.

87) Using Young's rule, what would be the dosage for a 2-year-old child if the adult dose of a drug is 500mg?

a- 25 mg

b- 46.5 mg

c- 71.43 mg

d- 100 mg

e- 250 mg

Solution:

According to Young's rule, the dosage for a 2-year-old child can be calculated using the formula:

Child's dose = (Age of child in years / (Age of child in years + 12)) * Adult dose

Substituting the values:

Child's dose = (2 / (2 + 12)) * 500 mg

Child's dose = (2 / 14) * 500 mg

Child's dose = 71.428 mg

Therefore, the dosage for a 2-year-old child would be approximately 71.428 mg.

Thus, the correct option is c.

88) How many calories does a 450 cc volume of D5W solution provide?

a- 45 kcal

b- 450 calories

c- 65.8 kcal

d- 76.5 kcal

e- 85 kcal.

Solution:

To calculate the calories provided by 450 cc (or ml) of D5W solution, we need to determine the amount of dextrose in it and then convert it to calories.

D5W (Dextrose 5% in Water) is an intravenous (IV) solution. It contains 5 grams of dextrose (a type of sugar) per 100 milliliters (ml) of water.

1 gram of dextrose provides approximately 3.4 calories.

Given that D5W contains 5 grams of dextrose per 100 ml:

Amount of dextrose in 450 cc of D5W = (5 grams / 100 ml) * 450 ml

= 22.5 grams

Calories provided by 450 cc of D5W = 22.5 grams * 3.4 calories/gram = 76.5 calories

Therefore, 450 cc of D5W solution provides approximately 76.5 calories.

A kilocalorie is another word for what's commonly called a calorie so we can also say 76.5 kcal.

Thus, the correct option is d.

89) How much sodium chloride in milligrams is needed to prepare a 1000 cc volume of a 0.45% normal saline solution?

a- 4.5 mg

b- 45 mg

c- 450 mg

d- 1045 mg

e- 4500 mg

Solution:

To calculate the milligrams of sodium chloride required to prepare 1000 cc (cubic centimeters) of 0.45% normal saline solution, we need to know the definition of "0.45% normal saline."

Normal saline refers to a 0.9% saline solution, which means it contains 0.9 grams of sodium chloride per 100 ml of water.

0.45% normal saline would be half the concentration of a 0.9% saline solution.

0.45% normal saline means it contains 0.45 grams of sodium chloride per 100 ml of water.

Thus, to calculate the milligrams of sodium chloride required to prepare 1000 cc of 0.45% normal saline solution;

Grams of sodium chloride = (0.45 / 100) * 1000 ml

Grams of sodium chloride = 4.50 grams

milligrams of sodium chloride = 4500 mg

Therefore, 4500 milligrams of sodium chloride are required to prepare 1000 cc of 0.45% normal saline solution.

Thus, the correct option is e.

90) Given that each inhalation-dose contains 90 micrograms of albuterol, the albuterol inhaler with 18 mg of albuterol can deliver a total of how many inhalation-doses?

a- 90

b- 180

c- 200

d- 800

e- 1800

Solution:

To determine the number of inhalation-doses that can be delivered from an albuterol inhaler, we need to calculate the total number of inhalation-doses using the given information.

1 mg = 1000 µg

The inhaler contains 18 mg of albuterol, which is equal to;

18 mg * 1000 µg/mg = 18,000 µg

Each inhalation-dose contains 90 µg.

Therefore, the number of inhalation-doses that can be delivered is calculated by dividing the total amount of albuterol in the inhaler by the amount of albuterol in each inhalation-dose:

Number of inhalation-doses = Total albuterol / Albuterol per inhalation-dose

Number of inhalation-doses = 18,000 µg / 90 µg = 200

Therefore, the albuterol inhaler can deliver 200 inhalation-doses.

Thus, the correct option is c.

91) According to federal regulations, transportation workers are not allowed to engage in safety-sensitive roles if their breath alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds 0.04%. How would this concentration be expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)?

a- 4

b- 40

c- 400

d- 20

e- 10

Solution:

This problem is about converting breath alcohol percentage to mg/dL.

The given breath alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.04%.

0.04% breath alcohol means 0.04 grams of alcohol per 100 mL of exhaled breath.

To convert % to mg/dL, we first convert % to grams / L.

(0.04 grams / 100 mL) * 1000 mL = 0.4 grams / L

Now lets convert L into dL and grams into mg;

1 Liter = 10 deciliters

0.4 grams = 400 mg

So, 0.4 grams / L = 400 mg per 10 dL

Thus 400 mg are there in 10 dL, we now need to find out the concentration per dL.

(400 mg / 10 dL) x 1dL = 40 mg /dL

Therefore, 0.04% breath alcohol concentration corresponds to 40 milligrams of alcohol per deciliter of breath (mg/dL).

Thus, the correct option is b.

92) Express the concentration of an ophthalmic solution as a ratio strength that is preserved with 0.0008% (w/v) of an antibacterial?

a- 1:25,000 w/v

b- 1:50,000 w/v

c- 1:75,000 w/v

d- 1:125,000 w/v

e- 1:250,000 w/v

Solution:

To express the concentration of an ophthalmic solution preserved with 0.0008% (w/v) of an antibacterial as a ratio strength, we need to compare the amount of the antibacterial ingredient to the total volume of the solution.

0.0008% (w/v) means that there are 0.0008 grams of the antibacterial ingredient per 100 milliliters (mL) of the solution.

Now, to express this as a ratio strength, we write the amount of the antibacterial ingredient as the numerator and the total volume of the solution as the denominator:

0.0008 grams : 100 mL

However, it's recommended to simplify the ratio by dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same factor to obtain the simplest ratio.

In this case, we can divide both values by 0.0008 to simplify the ratio:

0.0008 grams ÷ 0.0008 = 1 gram

100 mL ÷ 0.0008 = 125,000 mL

Therefore, the concentration of the ophthalmic solution can be expressed as:

1 gram : 125,000 mL

This is the ratio strength of the ophthalmic solution preserved with 0.0008% (w/v) of the antibacterial ingredient.

Thus, the correct option is d.

93) What is the quantity of dextrose in grams needed to make a 10 L solution of dextrose at a concentration of 1 in 500?

a- 5

b- 10

c- 20

d- 50

e- 100

Solution:

To calculate the amount of dextrose required to prepare a 1 in 500 dextrose solution, we need to determine the concentration in terms of grams per liter (g/L) and then calculate the amount needed for a 10 L solution.

A 1 in 500 dextrose solution means that there is 1 part dextrose in 500 parts of the total solution. This can be expressed as a ratio of dextrose to the total solution:

Dextrose:Total solution = 1:500

To convert this ratio into a concentration, we need to calculate the fraction of dextrose in the solution.

Fraction of dextrose = 1 / 500 = 0.002

Now we can calculate the concentration in grams per liter (g/L):

Concentration (g/L) = Fraction of dextrose * 1000

Concentration (g/L) = 0.002 * 1000 = 2 g/L

Now we can calculate the total amount of dextrose needed for a 10 L solution:

Amount of dextrose (g) = Concentration (g/L) * Volume of solution (L)

Amount of dextrose (g) = 2 g/L * 10 L = 20 g

Therefore, 20 grams of dextrose are required to prepare 10 L of a 1 in 500 dextrose solution.

Thus, the correct option is c.

94) What is the amount of Heparin needed to prepare a 750 cc volume of 0.25% solution?

a- 0.250 grams

b- 1.875 grams

c- 18.75 grams

d- 25 grams

e- 75 grams

Solution:

To calculate the amount of Heparin required to prepare a 0.25% solution in a 750 cc volume, we need to determine the concentration in terms of grams per cc (g/cc) and then calculate the amount needed.

A 0.25% Heparin solution means that there are 0.25 grams of Heparin in 100 cc of the solution. This can be expressed as a ratio of Heparin to the total solution:

Heparin:Total solution = 0.25:100

To convert this ratio into a concentration, we can calculate the concentration in grams per cc (g/cc):

Concentration (g/cc) = (0.25/100) g/cc = 0.0025 g/cc

Now we can calculate the total amount of Heparin needed for a 750 cc solution:

Amount of Heparin (g) = Concentration (g/cc) * Volume of solution (cc)

Amount of Heparin (g) = 0.0025 g/cc * 750 cc = 1.875 g

Therefore, 1.875 grams of Heparin are required to prepare a 0.25% solution in a 750 cc volume.

Thus, the correct option is b.

95) To prepare a 5% solution of erythromycin with a volume of 500 cc, how many 500mg tablets of erythromycin are needed?

a- 10 tablets

b- 20 tablets

c- 25 tablets

d- 50 tablets

e- 60 tablets

Solution:

To calculate the number of 500mg tablets of erythromycin needed to prepare a 5% solution with a volume of 500 cc, we need to consider the concentration and dosage of the tablets.

Actually, 1cc = 1mL

First, let's determine the amount of erythromycin required for the solution.

The concentration of the solution is 5%, which means 5 grams of erythromycin are there in 100 mL solution but the required solution is 500 cc, so

grams of erythromycin in 500 cc solution = (5/100) * 500 = 25 grams

So, 5pc 500cc solution of erythromycin will bear 25 grams of erythromycin,

25 grams = 25,000 mg

Since each tablet contains 500mg of erythromycin, the number of tablets required to prepare the solution can be calculated as:

Number of tablets = (Required amount of erythromycin in mg) / (Dosage per tablet in mg)

Number of tablets = 25,000 mg / 500 mg

Number of tablets = 50 tablets

Therefore, you would need a total of 50 tablets of erythromycin (each tablet being 500mg) to prepare a 5% solution with a volume of 500 cc.

Thus, the correct option is d.

96) There is a patient who recently had an accident and experienced a blood loss of about 350 mL. An iron replacement product, iron dextran injection USP whose concentration is 50mg/2 ml is prescribed to compensate for the blood loss. How much of this injection in milliliters (ml) will be suitable to be given to this patient if he has a hematocrit of 25%?

a- 0.35 ml

b- 3.5 ml

c- 25 mL

d- 35 mL

e- 350 mL

Solution:

To calculate the amount of iron dextran in milliliters (ml) required for a patient with a blood loss of 350mls and a hematocrit of 25%, we need to consider the concentration of the iron dextran solution and the desired amount of iron.

The concentration of iron dextran is given as 50mg/2ml, which means there are 50mg of iron dextran in 2ml of solution.

First, let's calculate the desired amount of iron in milligrams based on the patient's blood loss and hematocrit level.

Desired amount of iron = Blood loss in ml * (Hematocrit / 100)

Desired amount of iron = 350ml * (25 / 100)

Desired amount of iron = 87.5mg

Next, we need to calculate the required volume of iron dextran solution in milliliters based on the desired amount of iron and the concentration of the solution.

Required volume of iron dextran = (Desired amount of iron in mg) * (Volume of iron dextran solution per mg of iron)

Required volume of iron dextran = 87.5mg * (2ml / 50mg)

Required volume of iron dextran = 3.5 ml

Therefore, approximately 3.5 ml of iron dextran solution would be required for a patient with a blood loss of 350mls and a hematocrit of 25%.

Thus, the correct option is b.

97) Following is the formula of a cold cream preparation;

Mineral oil-------------------- 50 parts

Cetyl Esters wax------------- 15 parts

White wax-------------------- 12 parts

Sodium borate--------------- 1 part

Water-------------------------- 22 parts

Calculate the amount in grams of White wax required to make one pound of the cold cream?

a- 12 grams

b- 45.84 grams

c- 54.48 grams

d- 6 grams

e- 24 grams

Solution:

First, lets calculate the total parts of the formula;

total parts = 50 + 15 + 12 + 1 + 22 = 100

Now, to calculate the amount in grams of White wax required to make one pound of the cold cream, we need to convert the weight percentages of the ingredients into actual weights.

Determine the weight of one pound in grams.

One pound is approximately 454 grams

Calculate the weight of White wax.

The White wax is specified as 12 parts in the formula. Since the total number of parts in the formula is 100, we can calculate the weight of White wax as follows:

Weight of White wax = (12 / 100) * weight of one pound

Substituting the weight of one pound (453.592 grams) into the equation:

Weight of White wax = (12 / 100) * 454 grams

Let's perform the calculation:

Weight of White wax = (12 / 100) * 454 grams

Weight of White wax = 54.48 grams

Therefore, 54.48 grams of White wax are required to make one pound of the cold cream.

Thus, the correct option is c.

98) What volume, in milliliters, of alcohol USP is required to make 5 gallons of cough elixir with a 15% v/v ethanol concentration? (Note: 1 gallon = 3,784 mL)

a- 413 mL

b- 717 mL

c- 1,456 mL

d- 2,987 mL

e- 3,124 mL

Solution:

To solve this problem, we need to first convert the ethanol concentration to a decimal value.

15% v/v ethanol concentration means that there are 15 mL of ethanol per 100 mL of cough elixir.

So, the concentration of ethanol in decimal form is 0.15.

Since alcohol USP is equivalent to 95% ethanol. So, the concentration of alcohol USP in decimal form will be 0.95.

Let's also convert gallons into milliliters;

since 1 gallon = 3,784 mL

so, 5 gallons = 18920 mL

Now we can solve the problem by using the formula;

c1v1 = c2v2

where c1 is the initial given concentration,

v1 is the volume of alcohol USP required,

c2 is the desired concentration, and

v2 is the final volume.

In this case, we know:

c1 = 95% (since alcohol USP is 95% ethanol)

c2 = 15% (since the desired concentration is 15% ethanol)

v2 = 5 gallons = 18920 mL

We need to find v1, the volume of alcohol USP required.

Now we can plug in the values and solve for v1:

c1v1 = c2v2

0.95 (v1) = 0.15 (18920)

v1 = 0.15(18920) / 0.95

v1 = 2,987 mL

Therefore, the volume of alcohol USP required to make 5 gallons of cough elixir with a 15% v/v ethanol concentration is 2,987 mL.

Thus, the correct option is d.

99) What quantity (in mL) of 5% w/v aluminum chloride solution should be mixed with a 20% w/v solution to create a 120 mL mixture with a strength of 12%?

a- 40 mL

b- 56 mL

c- 64 mL

d- 74 mL

e- 84 mL

Solution:

We can solve this problem by Alligation method.

The following will be the Alligation diagram.

20% 7 parts ........... x mL

12%

5% 8 parts ........... y mL

----------

15 parts ........... 120 mL

Since we are to make 120 mL final mixture, so the added parts (15 in total) will be equivalent to 120 ml.

That is,

7 parts + 8 parts = 15 parts

x mL + y mL = 120 mL

Now lets convert the parts into milliliters;

First we will find the required mL of 20% w/v aluminum chloride solution;

7 parts x mL

--------- = ------------

15 parts 120 mL

x = 56 mL

Second, we will find the required mL of 5% w/v aluminum chloride solution;

8 parts y mL

--------- = ------------

15 parts 120 mL

y = 64 mL

Thus,

56 mL + 64 mL = 120 mL

Therefore, 56 mL of 20% w/v aluminum chloride solution should be mixed with 64 mL of a 5% w/v solution to create a 120 mL mixture with a strength of 12%.

Thus, the correct option is c.

100) Zinc chloride dissociates into three ions (Zn2+, Cl-, Cl-) in weak solutions. 80% of the zinc chloride dissociates in weak solutions. Calculate the dissociation factor for zinc chloride.

a- 0/8

b- 1

c- 1.8

d- 2.2

e- 2.6

Solution:

The formula for dissociation factor is;

dissociation factor = total number of particles after dissociation divided by the original number of particles

ZnCl2 dissociates into Zn2+, Cl-, and Cl- ions in weak solutions which makes it a 3-ion electrolyte.

80% of the ZnCl2 dissociates in weak solutions, so 80% of the particles break apart into ions.

If there are 100 original ZnCl2 particles, then 80 of them dissociate into ions. So there are now 80 Zn2+ ions, 80 Cl- ions, and 80 Cl- ions, for a total of 240 ions.

In addition to the 240 ions, 20 undissociated ZnCl2 particles remain (100 original - 80 dissociated).

So the total number of particles after dissociation are;

240 + 20 = 260 particles

Plugging in the values into the formula;

dissociation factor = 260 particles / 100 original particles = 2.6

So the dissociation factor is 2.6.

In summary:

ZnCl2 (3 ions) dissociates 80%

Original particles: 100

Dissociated particles: 80

Zn2+ ions: 80

Cl- ions: 80 + 80 = 160

Undissociated particles: 20

Total particles after dissociation: 240 + 20 = 260

Dissociation factor = 260 / 100 = 2.6

Thus, the correct answer is e.

Part 1 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 2 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

WATCH ALSO: 👇👇👇👇👇

Pharmacist Exam Prep. Videos

Part 1 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions - Part 2

2023-05-23T22:59:00.012+05:00

pharmaceutical calculations questions and answers

Note:: First try your best to solve these pharmaceutical calculations. If you find them difficult you can consult the step-by-step solutions at the end of the MCQ questions.

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 4 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

26) What is the micrograms/mL concentration of a solution of Dopamine (Inotropin) containing 200mg in 500ml of Normal Saline and ordered to be administered to a 155-pound patient at a rate of 5 micrograms/kg/min?

a- 0.4 micrograms/mL

b- 40 micrograms/mL

c- 200 micrograms/mL

d- 400 micrograms/mL

e- 1200 micrograms/mL

Solution:

To calculate the concentration of the Dopamine solution in micrograms/ml, we need to convert the weight of the patient from pounds to kilograms and use the prescribed dosage of 5 micrograms/kg/min.

Convert the weight of the patient from pounds to kilograms:

155 lbs ÷ 2.2046 lbs/kg = 70.31 kg

Calculate the total dosage of Dopamine per minute:

5 micrograms/kg/min x 70.31 kg = 351.55 micrograms/min

Calculate the total dosage of Dopamine per ml:

200 mg = 200,000 micrograms (since 1 mg = 1000 micrograms)

200,000 micrograms ÷ 500 ml = 400 micrograms/ml

Therefore, the concentration of the Dopamine solution in micrograms/ml is 400 micrograms/ml.

Thus the correct answer is d.

27) If the IV solution contains 15,000 units of Heparin per 250ml of Normal Saline and an administration set has a drop factor of 60 drops per ml, what is the number of drops per minute required to achieve an infusion rate of 20 units of Heparin per minute?

a- 20

b- 40

c- 60

d- 80

e- 120

Solution:

To determine the number of drops per minute needed to administer 20 units of Heparin per minute, we need to first calculate the rate of infusion in ml per minute and then convert it to drops per minute.

Calculate the rate of infusion in ml per minute:

15,000 units/250 ml = 60 units/ml

1ml / 60 units x 20 units = 0.333 ml per minute

With an infusion rate of 0.333 ml per minute, the patient will be receiving 20 units of heparin.

Convert ml per minute to drops per minute using the administration set's drop factor:

0.333 ml per minute x 60 drops per ml = 20 drops per minute

Therefore, approximately 20 drops per minute are needed to administer 20 units of Heparin per minute with an administration set delivering 60 drops per ml.

Thus the correct answer is a.

28) The following is the hospital formula for a T-A-C solution:

Cocaine HCL 4%

Tetracaine HCL 2%

Epinephrine HCL solution 1/2000

Sodium Chloride injection q.s 4ml

Calculate the number of milligrams of Cocaine HCL present in the final solution?

a- 40 mg

b- 400 mg

c- 200 mg

d- 80 mg

e- 160 mg

Solution:

To find out how many mg of Cocaine HCL are in the final solution, you can follow these steps:

Convert the percentage concentration to a decimal: 4% = 0.04

Multiply the decimal by the total volume of the solution (4 mL) to find the amount of Cocaine HCL in the solution:

0.04 * 4 mL = 0.16 mL

Since 1 mL of a substance contains 1000 mg, multiply the volume by 1000 to get the amount in mg:

0.16 mL * 1000 mg/mL = 160 mg

So, there are 160 mg of Cocaine HCL in the final solution.

Thus the correct answer is e.

29) The following is the hospital formula for a T-A-C solution:

Cocaine HCL 4%

Tetracaine HCL 2%

Epinephrine HCL solution 1/2000

Sodium Chloride injection q.s 4ml

How many ml of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.1%) may be used to prepare the solution?

a- 2 ml

b- 0.04 ml

c- 1 ml

d- 0.002 ml

e- 5 ml

Solution:

To determine how many mL of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.1%) may be used to prepare the T-A-C solution, you first need to find out the amount of Epinephrine HCL that is required.

Convert the percentage concentration of Epinephrine HCL to a decimal:

1/2000 = 0.0005

Multiply the decimal by the total volume of the solution (4 mL) to find the amount of Epinephrine HCL in the solution:

0.0005 * 4 mL = 0.002 mL

Since 1 mL of a substance contains 1000 mg, multiply the volume by 1000 to get the amount in mg:

0.002 mL * 1000 mg/mL = 2 mg

Now, you need to find out how many mL of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.1%) are required to provide 2 mg of Epinephrine HCL.

Convert the percentage concentration of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.1%) to a decimal:

0.1% = 0.001

Divide the required amount of Epinephrine HCL (2 mg) by the concentration of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.001) to find the volume in mL:

2 mg / 0.001 = 2,000 µL (microLiters)

Convert µL to mL: 2,000 µL = 2 mL

So, you may use 2 mL of Adrenaline Chloride solution (0.1%) to prepare the T-A-C solution.

Thus the correct answer is a.

30) Using one quart of water, a pharmacist dilutes 100ml of Clorox. Determine the W/V ratio of Sodium Hypochlorite in the resulting dilution, given that commercial Clorox has a Sodium Hypochlorite concentration of 5.25% W/V.

a- 1/6

b- 1/16

c- 1/120

d- 1/160

e- 1/200

Solution:

First, we need to convert the volume of water from quarts to milliliters since the initial volume of Clorox is given in milliliters.

1 quart = 946.35 ml (approximately)

Therefore, the total volume of the final dilution is:

100 ml + 946.35 ml = 1046.35 ml

Next, we can calculate the amount of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) in the initial 100 ml of Clorox:

Since commercial Clorox has a Sodium Hypochlorite concentration of 5.25% W/V;

5.25 / 100 = 0.0525

Amount of NaClO = 100 ml x 0.0525 = 5.25 g

Since we added 946.35 ml of water, the concentration of NaClO in the final solution can be calculated as:

Concentration of NaClO = 5.25 g / 1046.35 ml = 0.005 (or 0.5% or 1/200 W/V)

Therefore, the W/V ratio of Sodium Hypochlorite in the final dilution is 0.5% or 1/200 W/V.

Thus the correct answer is e.

31) What is the total daily dose of Zidovudine, in milligrams, for a 180-pound patient when the prescribed adult intravenous (IV) dose is 2mg per kg of body weight, administered every 4 hours, six times a day?

a- 10 mg

b- 175 mg

c- 500 mg

d- 750 mg

e- 980 mg

Solution:

First, we need to convert the weight of the patient from pounds to kilograms:

180 lb / 2.205 = 81.63 kg

The patient's weight is 81.63 kg.

Next, we can calculate the total daily dose of Zidovudine using the formula:

Total daily dose = Dose per kg x Body weight x doses per day

The dose per kg is 2 mg/kg

The patient's weight is 81.63 kg

The doses per day are 6

Total daily dose = 2 mg/kg x 81.63 kg x 6 = 979.59 mg

Therefore, the patient will receive a total of 979.59 mg of Zidovudine daily.

Thus the correct answer is e.

32) If a prescription for 4% Pilocar solution instructs the patient to use "Gtt I OU TID" (one drop in each eye three times daily), how much Pilocarpine HCL is being consumed per day? It can be assumed that the dropper dispenses 20 drops per ml.

a- 4 mg

b- 8 mg

c- 12 mg

d- 24 mg

e- 48 mg

Solution:

To calculate the amount of Pilocarpine HCL used per day, we need to know the concentration of Pilocarpine HCL in the 4% Pilocar solution.

A 4% solution means that there are 4 grams of Pilocarpine HCL in 100 ml of solution. Therefore, the concentration of Pilocarpine HCL in the 4% Pilocar solution is:

4 grams / 100 ml = 0.04 grams/ml = 40 mg/ml

The prescription calls for one drop in each eye, three times a day. So the total number of drops per day is:

2 eyes x 1 drop x 3 times = 6 drops per day

If the dropper is calibrated to deliver 20 drops per milliliter, then the volume of solution delivered by one drop is:

1 ml / 20 drops = 0.05 ml per drop

Therefore, the amount of Pilocarpine HCL in one drop of the 4% Pilocar solution is:

40 mg/ml x 0.05 ml per drop = 2 mg per drop

The total amount of Pilocarpine HCL used per day is the amount in one drop multiplied by the total number of drops per day:

2 mg per drop x 6 drops per day = 12 mg per day

Therefore, the patient is using approximately 12 mg of Pilocarpine HCL per day.

Thus the correct answer is c.

33) How many micrograms of Digoxin are in 3 ml of Lanoxin pediatric elixir, which has a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml?

a- 0.15 micrograms

b- 1.5 micrograms

c- 15 micrograms

d- 150 micrograms

e- 300 micrograms

Solution:

Each milliliter (ml) of Lanoxin pediatric elixir contains 0.05mg of Digoxin.

To convert mg to micrograms (mcg), we need to multiply by 1000 since 1 mg is equal to 1000 mcg.

So, 0.05 mg = 0.05 x 1000 mcg = 50 mcg

Therefore, 3 ml of Lanoxin pediatric elixir contains:

3 ml x 50 mcg/ml = 150 mcg

Thus the correct answer is d.

34) What is the percentage concentration of Sodium Fluoride in a community's drinking water if the concentration is 0.6 ppm?

a- 0.00006%

b- 0.0006%

c- 0.006%

d- 0.06%

e- 0.6%

Solution:

To express the concentration of Sodium Fluoride in a community's drinking water as a percentage, we need to convert parts per million (ppm) to percentage (%).

One ppm is equivalent to one part per million parts or 1/1,000,000, which can also be expressed as 0.0001%.

1/1,000,000 x 100 = 0.0001%

To convert ppm to percentage, we can use the following formula:

Concentration (ppm) x 0.0001 = Concentration (%)

So for a concentration of 0.6 ppm of Sodium Fluoride, we can calculate the percentage as follows:

0.6 ppm x 0.0001 = 0.00006%

Therefore, the concentration of Sodium Fluoride in the community's drinking water is 0.00006%.

Thus the correct answer is a.

35) During a week, blood pressure measurements were taken for five patients, and their average readings were as follows:

Patient 1: 140/70 mmHg

Patient 2: 160/84 mmHg

Patient 3: 180/88 mmHg

Patient 4: 190/90 mmHg

Patient 5: 150/70 mmHg

What is the median systolic pressure?

a- 88
b- 86
c- 160
d- 180
e- 164

Solution:

To find the median systolic pressure, we need to first arrange the systolic pressure values in ascending or descending order.

In this case, the systolic pressure values are:

140, 160, 180, 190, 150

Arranging them in ascending order, we get:

140, 150, 160, 180, 190

The median is the middle value when the values are arranged in order. In this case, we have an odd number of values, so the median is the middle value, which is:

160

Therefore, the median systolic pressure is 160 mmHg.

Thus the correct answer is c.

36) A package insert lists a drug dose for a neonate as being 10 micrograms/kg/day. The age range for a 'neonate' is generally considered to be?

a- The first 28 days of life

b- 1 month to 6 months

c- The first 1 week of life

d- 1 year through 5 years

e- the first year of life

Solution:

The age range for a neonate varies depending on the source, but it is generally considered to be the first 28 days of life. After that, the infant is considered an infant until the age of 12 months.

In this case, the drug dose listed for a neonate is 10 micrograms per kilogram per day, which means that it is the appropriate dose for a newborn who weighs a certain amount. The dose may need to be adjusted as the infant grows and gains weight.

Thus the correct answer is a.

37) If the drug dose is 5 mg per kilogram of body weight, what would be the appropriate dose for a female patient weighing 110 pounds?

a- 125 mg

b- 250 mg

c- 500 mg

d- 750 mg

e- 75 mg

Solution:

To calculate the dose for a 110-lb female patient, we first need to convert the weight from pounds to kilograms:

110 lbs ÷ 2.205 = 49.9 kg

Now that we have the weight in kilograms, we can calculate the dose:

Dose = 5 mg/kg x 49.9 kg = 249.5 mg

Therefore, the dose for a 110-lb female patient should be 249.5 mg.

Thus the correct answer is b.

38) If Drug X has a dosage of 65 mg per kilogram of body weight, what would be the appropriate dose for a child weighing 35.2 pounds?

a- 12.5 mg

b- 186.5 mg

c- 250 mg

d- 300 mg

e- 1037.4 mg

Solution:

To calculate the dose for a child who weighs 35.2 pounds, we need to first convert the weight to kilograms:

35.2 pounds ÷ 2.205 = 15.96 kg

Now we can calculate the dose:

Dose = 65 mg/kg x 15.96 kg = 1037.4 mg

Therefore, the appropriate dose of Drug X for a child who weighs 35.2 pounds would be 1037.4 mg.

Thus the correct answer is e.

39) What is the amount of drug present in a 5 mL solution ampule with a concentration of 0.2%?

a- 0.1 mg

b- 1 mg

c- 10 mg

d- 100 mg

e- 1000 mg

Solution:

To calculate the amount of drug in a 5 mL solution ampule with a concentration of 0.2%, we need to know the strength or quantity of the drug in the solution.

If we assume that the concentration of 0.2% refers to the weight/volume percentage (w/v), meaning that there is 0.2 grams of the drug in 100 mL of solution, we can calculate the amount of drug in the 5 mL solution ampule as follows:

Amount of drug per ml = 0.2 g / 100 mL = 0.002 g/mL

Amount of drug per 5 ml = 0.002 g/mL x 5 mL = 0.01 g

0.01 g = 10 mg

Therefore, the amount of drug in a 5 mL solution ampule with a concentration of 0.2% is 0.01 grams (or 10 milligrams).

Thus the correct answer is c.

40) What is the total amount of the drug in five teaspoons of an elixir, if the concentration of the drug is 0.2%?

a- 5 mg

b- 10 mg

c- 15 mg

d- 30 mg

e- 50 mg

Solution:

If the concentration of a drug is 0.2%, it means that there are 0.2 grams of the drug in 100 ml of the solution.

To calculate the amount of drug in 5 teaspoons of the solution, we need to know the volume of each teaspoon.

Assuming that each teaspoon is 5 mL, the total volume of 5 teaspoons would be:

5 teaspoons x 5 mL/teaspoon = 25 mL

To calculate the amount of drug in 25 mL of the solution with a concentration of 0.2%, we can use the following formula:

Amount of drug = concentration x volume

In this case, the concentration is 0.2% or 0.002 (in decimal form), and the volume is 25 mL:

Amount of drug = 0.002 x 25 mL = 0.05 grams

0.05 grams = 50 milligrams

Therefore, the total amount of the drug in 25 mL of the solution is 50 milligrams.

Thus the correct answer is e.

41) What will be the weight of one gallon of a substance if its specific gravity is 1.25?

a- 125 grams

b- 590 grams

c- 1042 grams

d- 2.8 kilograms

e- 4731 grams

Solution:

The weight of one gallon depends on the substance being measured. However, if we assume that the substance has a specific gravity of 1.25, then we can calculate the weight of one gallon using the following formula:

Weight of one gallon = Volume of one gallon x Specific gravity

The volume of one gallon is equal to 128 fluid ounces or approximately 3.785 liters. Therefore, the weight of one gallon of a substance with a specific gravity of 1.25 would be:

Weight of one gallon = 3.785 liters x 1.25

Weight of one gallon = 4.73125 kilograms approximately.

4.73125 kilograms = 4731 grams

Thus the correct answer is e.

42) What is the correct method for preparing an 18% NaCl solution?

a) Dissolve 18 mg of NaCl in 100 ml of water

b) Dissolve 18 mg of NaCl in 100 ml of solvent

c) Dissolve 18 g of NaCl in 1000 ml of water

d) Dissolve 18 g of NaCl in 100 ml of water

e) Dissolve 18 g of NaCl in 1000 ml of solvent

Solution:

The correct method for preparing an 18% NaCl solution is to dissolve 18 grams of NaCl in 100 milliliters of water.

To prepare the solution, weigh out 18 grams of NaCl using a digital scale and add it to a clean and dry container.

Then, add about 80 ml of water to the container and stir well to dissolve the NaCl completely.

Finally, add more water up to a final volume of 100 ml, and stir again to ensure that the solution is well-mixed.

Thus the correct answer is d.

43) Fifty micrograms are equal to?

a- 50,000 nanograms

b- 0.005 milligrams

c- 0.00005 g

d- a and b

e- a and c

Solution:

Generally, we know that;

1 kg = 1000 g = 1000,000 mg = 1000,000,000 µg = 1000,000,000,000 ng

50,000 ng = 50 µg = 0.050 mg = 0.00005 g

Fifty micrograms (50 µg) is equal to 0.05 milligrams (0.05 mg) and 0.00005 grams (0.00005 g), which is equivalent to 50,000 nanograms (50,000 ng).

Thus the correct answer is e.

44) What is the weight/volume percentage (W/V) of a solution if it contains 3 grams of a drug per fluid ounce?

a- 1.0 %

b- 6.5 %

c- 10.1 %

d- 15.2 %

e- 25.3 %

Solution:

To determine the percentage w/v (weight/volume) of a solution, we need to know the weight of the solute (in grams) and the volume of the solution (in milliliters).

In this case, we are given that the solution contains 3 grams of a drug per fluid ounce. However, we need to convert fluid ounces to milliliters in order to calculate the percentage w/v.

One fluid ounce is equivalent to approximately 29.57 milliliters.

Therefore, the weight/volume of the solution can be calculated as follows:

Weight of solute = 3 g

Volume of solution = 29.57 mL

Percentage w/v = (weight of solute ÷ volume of solution) x 100%

Percentage w/v = (3 g ÷ 29.57 mL) x 100%

Percentage w/v = 10.14%

Therefore, the percentage w/v of the solution is 10.14%.

Thus the correct answer is c.

45) What is the Fahrenheit (°F) equivalent of -10 degrees Celsius (°C)?

a- 10.4 °F

b- 12 °F

c- 14 °F

d- 5 °F

e- (-2)°F

Solution:

The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is:

°F = (°C x 1.8) + 32

Substituting -10 for °C, we get:

°F = (-10 x 1.8) + 32

°F = -18 + 32

°F = 14

Therefore, the correct answer is c.

46) What will be the concentration of the ointment if 15 grams of a drug are added to prepare an ointment with a total weight of 150 grams?

A) 10 %

B) 15 %

C) 18 %

D) 30 %

E) 150 %

Solution:

let's think through this step-by-step:

You have an ointment with a total weight of 150gm

You have added 15gm of a drug to this ointment.

To calculate the concentration of the drug in the final ointment, we use the formula:

Concentration = (Weight of drug) / (Total weight of ointment)

So in this case:

Weight of drug = 15gm

Total weight of ointment = 150gm

Concentration = (15gm) / (150gm) = 0.1 = 10%

Therefore, the concentration of drug in the final ointment is 10%.

Therefore, the correct answer is a.

47) What is the procedure to prepare 100 ml of a 12% MgCl solution?

a- dissolve 12 ml of MgCl in 100 ml water

b- dissolve 12 mg of MgCl in 100 ml water

c- dissolve 12 g of MgCl in 100 ml water

d- dissolve 88 ml of MgCl in 100 ml water

e- dissolve 88 mg of MgCl in 100 ml water

Solution:

To prepare 100 ml of 12% MgCl solution, we need to know the amount of MgCl and the volume of water required to dissolve it.

We can use the formula for calculating the concentration of a solution, which is:

Concentration = (Amount of solute / Volume of solution) x 100

We can rearrange this formula to find the amount of solute or the volume of solution needed, depending on what is given.

In this case, we know the final volume of the solution we want to prepare (100 ml) and the desired concentration (12%). We can use the formula to find the amount of MgCl needed:

Amount of MgCl = Concentration x Volume of solution / 100

Amount of MgCl = 12 x 100 / 100 = 12 g

Therefore, to prepare 100 ml of 12% MgCl solution, we need 12 grams of MgCl.

Here are the steps to prepare 100 ml of 12% MgCl solution:

Weigh 12 grams of MgCl using a balance and add it to a suitable container.

Add about 80 ml of distilled or deionized water to the container and stir the mixture until the MgCl is completely dissolved.

Add more water (up to 100 ml) to the container to make up the final volume and stir the mixture again.

Transfer the solution to a storage container (such as a glass bottle) and label it with the concentration and the date of preparation.

Therefore, the correct answer is c.

48) What would be the total amount of drug administered to a 70kg patient over a period of 12 hours, if the infusion rate is 2mg/kg/hr?

a- 660 mg

b- 880 mg

c- 1150 mg

d- 1440 mg

e- 1680 mg

Solution:

The total dose of the drug infused for 12 hours at a rate of 2mg/kg/hr in a 70kg patient can be calculated as follows:

Calculate the total dose per hour:

2mg/kg/hr x 70kg = 140mg/hr

Calculate the total dose infused over 12 hours:

Total dose = dose per hour x infusion time

Total dose = 140mg/hr x 12 hr = 1680mg

Therefore, the total dose of the drug infused for 12 hours in a 70kg patient at a rate of 2mg/kg/hr is 1680mg.

Therefore, the correct answer is e.

49) What is the quantity of drugs in grains required to prepare a 5% (w/v) solution having a volume of 4 fluid ounces?

a- 9.25 grains

b- 92.5 grains

c- 192.5 grains

d- 255.6 grains

e- 925 grains

Solution:

You want to make 4 fluid ounces of a 5% (W/V) drug solution

5% (W/V) means 5 grams of drug per 100 mL of solution

1 fluid ounce = 29.5735 mL

So 4 fluid ounces = 4 * 29.5735 mL = 118.294 mL

Since the concentration is 5% (W/V), for every 100 mL of solution you need 5g of drug

For 118.294 mL of solution, you will need

(5g / 100 mL) x 118.294 mL = 5.9147 g = ~6g of drug

Converting grams into grains;

To convert 6 grams of the drug into grains, we can use the conversion factor

1 gram = 15.432 grains.

Therefore,

6 grams = 6 x 15.432 grains = 92.592 grains

Thus, 6 grams of drug is equal to approximately 92.592 grains.

Therefore, the correct answer is b.

50) What is the percent W/W of the active ingredient in an ointment weighing 110g, which is prepared by adding 10g of white petroleum?

a- 10 %.

b- 9.09 %.

c- 0.71 %.

d- 0.95 %.

e- 100 %

Solution:

The percent W/W of the active ingredient in an ointment weighing 110g and containing 10g of white petroleum is calculated as follows:

Percentage of active ingredient = (Weight of active ingredient / Total weight of ointment) x 100

= (10g / 110g) x 100

= 9.09%

Therefore, the percent w/w of the active ingredient in the ointment is 9.09%.

Therefore, the correct answer is b.

Part 1 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 4 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

WATCH ALSO: 👇👇👇👇👇

Pharmacist Exam Prep. Videos

Part 2 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions - Part 1

2023-05-23T22:58:00.012+05:00

pharmaceutical calculations questions and answers

Note:: First try your best to solve these pharmaceutical calculations. If you find them difficult you can consult the step-by-step solutions at the end of the MCQ questions.

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 4 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

1) 17.2g of NaCl is taken and diluted into 2000 milliliters of solution. Calculate the molarity of the resulting solution?

a- 0.147 M

b- 0.172 M

c- 0.2 M

d- 2 M

e- 17.2 M

Solution:

To determine the molarity of a solution, we need to know the amount of solute (in moles) and the volume of the solution (in liters).

First, let's convert the given mass of NaCl into moles. We can do this by dividing the mass by the molar mass of NaCl:

molar mass of NaCl = 22.99 g/mol (for Na) + 35.45 g/mol (for Cl) = 58.44 g/mol

moles of NaCl = 17.2 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.294 moles

Next, we need to convert the given volume of the solution from milliliters to liters:

volume of solution = 2000 mL / 1000 mL/L = 2.0 L

Now, we can calculate the molarity of the solution by dividing the moles of NaCl by the volume of the solution:

molarity = moles of NaCl / volume of solution

= 0.294 moles / 2.0 L

= 0.147 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.147 M or 0.15 M.

Thus the correct answer is a.

2) A solution is given to us which is 6.35x10⁻⁶ Molar in concentration. If the molecular weight of the compound is 342.3, calculate ppm for this compound?

a- 2.175 ppm

b- 3.423 ppm

c- 6.350 ppm

d- 1200 ppm

e- 1250 ppm

Solution:

To calculate the parts per million (ppm) concentration of a solute in a solution, we need to know the mass of the solute present in a known mass or volume of the solution.

In this case, we can use the following formula to calculate the ppm concentration of the solute:

ppm = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 10⁶

where the mass of the solute is equal to the number of moles of the solute multiplied by its molecular weight, and the mass of the solution can be calculated from the volume of the solution and its density.

First, we can calculate the mass of the solute (in grams) present in 1 liter of the solution:

moles of solute = molarity x volume (in liters)

= 6.3510⁻⁶ M x 1 L

= 6.3510⁻⁶ moles

mass of solute = moles of solute x molecular weight

= 6.3510⁻⁶ moles x 342.3 g/mol

= 2.17540510⁻³ g

Next, we can calculate the mass of 1 liter of the solution, assuming it has the density of water (1 g/mL):

mass of solution = volume of solution x density

= 1 L x 1000 g/L

= 1000 g

Finally, we can substitute these values into the formula for ppm to obtain the concentration of the solute in parts per million:

ppm = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 10⁶

= (2.175405*10⁻³ g / 1000 g) x 10⁶

= 2.175405 ppm

Therefore, the concentration of the solute in the solution is 2.175405 ppm.

Thus the correct answer is a.

3) The recommended dose of medication is 65 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. f a person weighs 36.2 pounds, then their dose of medication would be?

a- 650 mg

b- 362 mg

c- 1066 mg

d- 1250 mg

e- 250 mg

Solution:

To calculate the amount of dose for a 36.2 lbs person with a recommended dose of 65mg/kg, we first need to convert the weight of the person from pounds to kilograms:

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

36.2 lbs = 16.4 kg

Next, we can calculate the dose of the medication for the person using the recommended dose of 65 mg/kg:

dose = weight of person x dose per kg

= 16.4 kg x 65 mg/kg

= 1066 mg

Therefore, the amount of dose for the 36.2 lbs person with a recommended dose of 65mg/kg is 1066 mg.

Thus the correct answer is c.

4) Calculate the percentage of the drug present in the mixture, if 15 gm of the drug is dissolved in 150 gm of petroleum jelly?

a- 5.04%

b- 9.09%

c- 15%

d- 19%

e- 25%

Solution:

To calculate the percentage of drug present in the mixture, we need to know the mass of the drug and the total mass of the mixture. In this case, we are given that 15 gm of drug is dissolved in 150 gm of petroleum jelly, so the total mass of the mixture is:

Total mass = mass of drug + mass of petroleum jelly

= 15 gm + 150 gm

= 165 gm

The mass of the drug represents the portion of the mixture that is the drug, so we can calculate the percentage of drug present as:

Percentage of drug = (mass of drug / total mass) x 100%

= (15 gm / 165 gm) x 100%

= 9.09%

Therefore, the percentage of drug present in the mixture is 9.09%.

Thus the correct answer is b.

5) A 5 ml solution of 0.5% contains how many milligrams of the substance?

a- 5 mg

b- 10 mg

c- 20 mg

d- 25 mg

e- 50 mg

Solution:

To calculate what a 5 ml solution of 0.5% contains, we need to know what substance is being dissolved in the solution.

If we assume that it is a mass/volume percentage solution, then 0.5% would mean that there are 0.5 grams of the substance in 100 ml of the solution.

To determine what a 5 ml solution of 0.5% contains, we can use a proportion:

0.5 grams / 100 ml = x grams / 5 ml

Solving for x, we get:

x = (0.5 grams / 100 ml) x (5 ml)

x = 0.025 grams

Therefore, a 5 ml solution of 0.5% contains 0.025 grams (or 25 milligrams) of the substance.

Thus the correct answer is d.

6) The given concentration of a drug is 5mg per 1 ml. Calculate the concentration of the drug in 1tsp in micrograms?

a- 15,000

b- 25,000

c- 50,000

d- 75,000

e- 10,000

Solution:

The amount of drug in 1 mL is 5 mg. We can convert this to micrograms by multiplying by 1000:

5 mg = 5000 μg

1 tsp is equivalent to 5 mL. Therefore, the amount of drug in 1 tsp can be calculated as:

5000 μg/mL x 5 mL = 25,000 μg

So the amount of drug in 1 tsp is 25,000 micrograms.

Thus the correct answer is b.

7) Calculate the volume of acetone if the mass of acetone is 6 g and the density is 1.75 g/mL?

a- 3.43 mL.

b- 6.75 mL

c- 12 mL

d- 16 mL

e- 20 mL

Solution:

To calculate the volume of acetone, we need to use the formula:

density = mass / volume

We are given that the mass of acetone is 6 g and the density is 1.75 g/mL. Let's rearrange the formula to solve for volume:

volume = mass / density

Substituting the values we have:

volume = 6 g / 1.75 g/mL

Simplifying, we get:

volume = 3.43 mL

Therefore, the volume of acetone is 3.43 mL.

Thus the correct answer is a.

8) What will be the amount of NaCl in grams if the concentration is 18% NaCl in 100ml?

a- 4.24 grams

b- 9.86 grams

c- 18 grams

d- 25.6 grams

e- 36.5 grams

Solution:

If 18% NaCl is present in 100 mL, we can calculate the amount of NaCl in grams using the formula:

mass = concentration x volume

Here, the concentration is 18% which can be written as 0.18 in decimal form.

So, mass of NaCl = 0.18 x 100 mL = 18 grams

Therefore, 18% NaCl in 100 mL is 18 grams.

Thus the correct answer is c.

9) A solution is made by dissolving 17.52 grams of NaCl in 2000ml. What will be the molarity of this solution?

a- 0.05 M

b- 0.15 M

c- 0.25 M

d- 0.5 M

e- 1.0 M

Solution:

To calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution, we need to first convert the mass of NaCl to moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of NaCl is approximately 58.44 g/mol.

moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass of NaCl

moles of NaCl = 17.52 g / 58.44 g/mol

moles of NaCl = 0.2995 mol

Next, we need to calculate the volume of the solution in liters:

volume of solution = 2000 ml = 2 L

Finally, we can calculate the molarity (M) of the solution using the formula:

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters

Molarity = 0.2995 mol / 2 L

Molarity = 0.1498 M

Therefore, the molarity of the NaCl solution is 0.1498 M.

Thus the correct answer is b.

10) A mixture composed of 3 components is formulated as;

Component A = 15 grams

Component B = 30 grams

Component C = 50 grams

Determine the amount of component B present in 200g of the mixture?

a- 30 grams

b- 63.16 grams

c- 70.2 grams

d- 45.2 grams

e- 110 grams

Solution:

To determine the amount of component B present in 200g of the mixture, we first need to calculate the total amount of the mixture.

Total amount of the mixture = Amount of A + Amount of B + Amount of C

Total amount of the mixture = 15 g + 30 g + 50 g

Total amount of the mixture = 95 g

Next, we can calculate the fraction of the mixture that is made up of component B by dividing the amount of B by the total amount of the mixture:

Fraction of component B = Amount of B / Total amount of the mixture

Fraction of component B = 30 g / 95 g

Fraction of component B = 0.3158

So the fraction or part of component B in 200 g of the mixture is:

Amount of component B in 200 g = 200 g x 0.3158

Amount of component B in 200 g = 63.16 g

Therefore, 63.16 grams of component B will be present in 200 g of the mixture.

Thus the correct answer is b.

11) What dose should be given to a 6-year-old child who weighs 44 lbs if the recommended dose of the drug is 0.5 mg/kg?

a- 0.002g

b- 0.006g

c- 0.010g

d- 0.050g

e- 0.100g

Solution:

We need to first convert the weight from pounds to kilograms:

2.2 lbs = 1kg approximately

44 lbs / 2.2 = 20 kg

So the child weighs 20 kg.

The dose of the drug is 0.5 mg/kg, so to find the dose for the child, we can multiply their weight by the dose:

Dose = weight x dose per kg

= 20 kg x 0.5 mg/kg

= 10 mg

Therefore, the dose of the drug that should be given to the 6-year-old child who weighs 44 lbs is 10 mg.

10mg = 0.010g

Thus the correct answer is c.

12) The dose of a drug is 0.6mg. How many doses are contained in 108 mg of the drug?

a- 16

b- 66

c- 160

d- 180

e- 216

Solution:

To calculate the number of doses contained in 96 mg of the drug, we need to divide the total amount of drug by the dose per unit:

Number of doses = Total amount of drug / Dose per unit

In this case, the dose per unit is given as 0.6 mg, and the total amount of drug is 96 mg:

Number of doses = 96 mg / 0.6 mg per dose

Number of doses = 160 doses

Therefore, there are 160 doses contained in 96 mg of the drug.

Thus the correct answer is d.

13) Converting 60 grams into grains gives us?

a- 9250 grains

b- 925 grains

c- 9.25 grains

d- 0.925 grains

e- 0.0925 grains

Solution:

To convert grams to grains, we can use the conversion factor

1 gram = 15.4324 grains.

Therefore, to convert 60 grams to grains:

60 grams x 15.4324 grains/gram = 925.944 grains

So 60 grams is equal to 925.944 grains.

Thus the correct answer is b.

14) Converting 2 pints 3 fluid ounces into ml will give us;

a- 1635 ml

b- 1035 ml

c- 135 ml

d- 13.5 ml

e- 0.135 ml

Solution:

To convert pints and fluid ounces to milliliters, we need to know the conversion factors.

One pint is equal to 473.176 milliliters, and

One fluid ounce is equal to 29.5735 milliliters.

So, to convert 2 pints 3 fluid ounces into milliliters:

Convert 2 pints to milliliters:

2 pints x 473.176 mL/pint = 946.352 mL

Convert 3 fluid ounces to milliliters:

3 fluid ounces x 29.5735 mL/fluid ounce = 88.7205 mL

Add the two values to get the total:

946.352 mL + 88.7205 mL = 1035.0725 mL

Therefore, 2 pints 3 fluid ounces is equal to 1035.0725 milliliters

Thus the correct answer is b.

15) Calculate the weight of 50 ml of Hydrochloric Acid if its density is 1.18g/ml?

a- 159 grams

b- 59 grams

c- 5.9 grams

d- 0.590 grams

e- 0.059 grams

Solution:

To calculate the weight of 50 ml of hydrochloric acid, we can use the density of the acid which is 1.18 g/ml.

The formula to calculate the weight of a liquid is:

Weight = Volume x Density

Substituting the given values, we get:

Weight = 50 ml x 1.18 g/ml

Weight = 59 g

Therefore, the weight of 50 ml of hydrochloric acid whose density is 1.18 g/ml is 59 grams.

Thus the correct answer is b.

16) A preparation contains 30 parts of coal tar and 15 parts of petrolatum in a mixture of 150 parts in total. What will be the concentration of petrolatum in 500ml of the mixture?

a- 15 parts

b- 30 parts

c- 50 parts

d- 150 parts

e- 300 parts

Solution:

To find the concentration of petrolatum in 500 ml of the mixture, we first need to calculate the proportion of petrolatum in the total mixture:

Proportion of petrolatum = parts of petrolatum / total parts of mixture

In this case, the mixture contains 30 parts of coal tar, 15 parts of petrolatum, and enough of an adequate substance to make 150 parts in total. So the total parts of mixture is 150.

Proportion of petrolatum = 15 / 150

Proportion of petrolatum = 0.1

So petrolatum makes up 0.1, or 10%, of the mixture.

To calculate the amount of petrolatum in 500 ml of the mixture, we can use the proportion of petrolatum we found earlier:

Amount of petrolatum in 500 ml = 0.1 x 500 ml

Amount of petrolatum in 500 ml = 50 ml

Thus the correct answer is c.

17) If a prescription order requires 30 g of concentrated Sulfuric acid (density is 1.8g/ml). What volume should the pharmacist measure?

a- 0.167 ml

b- 1.67 ml

c- 16.67 ml

d- 166.7 ml

e- 1667 ml

Solution:

To find the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid required for the prescription order, we can use the following formula:

Volume = Mass / Density

where:

Mass = 30 g (given in the prescription order)

Density = 1.8 g/ml (given in the problem)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Volume = 30 g / 1.8 g/ml

Volume = 16.67 ml

Therefore, the pharmacist should measure 16.67 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid for the prescription order.

Thus the correct answer is c.

18) What volume, in milliliters, of a 10% KCl solution (molecular weight 74.6) would contain 5.0 milliequivalents (mEq) of K+?

a- 0.373 ml

b- 3.730 ml

c- 0.670 ml

d- 6.70 ml

e- 10.0 ml

Solution:

To calculate the volume of a 10% KCl solution that contains 5.0 mEq of K+, we need to first calculate the number of moles of K+ in 5.0 mEq using the following formula:

mEq = moles x valence

where:

mEq = 5.0 mEq (given in the problem)

valence = 1 (since K+ has a valence of 1)

So, we have:

5.0 mEq = moles x 1

moles = 5.0 mEq / 1

moles = 0.005 moles of K+

Next, we need to calculate the mass of K+ in 0.005 moles of K+ using the molecular weight of KCl:

mass = moles x molecular weight

where:

moles = 0.005 moles (calculated above)

molecular weight = 74.6 g/mol (given in the problem)

So, we have:

mass = 0.005 moles x 74.6 g/mol

mass = 0.373 g of K+

Now we can use the concentration of the 10% KCl solution (i.e., 10 g/100 ml) to calculate the volume of solution needed to provide 0.373 g of K+:

Concentration = Mass of solute / Volume of solution

Rearranging this equation to solve for Volume, we get:

Volume = Mass of solute / Concentration

Substituting the values, we get:

Volume = 0.373 g / (10 g/100 ml)

Volume = 3.73 ml

Therefore, 3.73 ml of the 10% KCl solution would contain 5.0 mEq of K+.

Thus the correct answer is b.

19) What is the amount of KCl (with a molecular weight of 74.6) in grams that would be required for a prescription calling for 25 milliequivalents of potassium chloride?

a- 65 mg

b- 365 mg

c- 865 mg

d- 1.865 g

e- 2.860 g

Solution:

To calculate the mass of KCl required for a prescription calling for 25 mEq of potassium chloride, we can use the following formula:

Mass = mEq * MW / 1000

where:

mEq = 25 mEq (given in the prescription)

MW = 74.6 g/mol (molecular weight of KCl)

1000 = conversion factor from millimoles to moles

Substituting the given values, we get:

Mass = 25 mEq * 74.6 g/mol / 1000

Mass = 1.865 g

Therefore, 1.865 grams of KCl are required for the prescription calling for 25 mEq of potassium chloride.

Thus the correct answer is d.

20) If a radioisotope 32P has a half-life of 14.3 days and follows first-order kinetics, what is the decay constant (K)?

a- 0.048/day

b- 0.07/day

c- 0.097/day

d- 0.10/day

e- 0.184/day

Solution:

For a radioisotope that follows first-order kinetics, the decay constant (K) can be calculated using the following formula:

K = ln(2) / t1/2

where:

ln = natural logarithm

2 = the number representing the factor by which the radioisotope decays in one half-life

t1/2 = half-life of the radioisotope

Substituting the values given in the problem, we get:

K = ln(2) / 14.3 days

Using a calculator, we can evaluate this expression to get:

K ≈ 0.0484 per day

Therefore, the decay constant (K) of the radioisotope 32P is approximately 0.0484 per day.

Thus the correct answer is a.

21) How many grams of Glacial Acetic Acid (99.9% W/V) must be added to 1 gal Purified Water to prepare an irrigation solution containing 0.25% W/V Acetic Acid?

a- 1.24 g

b- 5.56 g

c- 9.47 g

d- 12 g

e- 25 g

Solution:

To prepare the 0.25% W/V acetic acid irrigation solution, we will first need to convert the volume of purified water from gallons to milliliters;

Convert gallons to milliliters:

1 gallon ≈ 3.785 L ≈ 3,785 mL

Next, we can use the formula for dilution:

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

where:

C1 = concentration of glacial acetic acid = 99.9% w/v

V1 = volume of glacial acetic acid required

C2 = concentration of acetic acid in the irrigation solution = 0.25% w/v

V2 = final volume of the irrigation solution = 3,785 mL

Rearranging the formula and plugging in the values:

V1 = (C2 x V2) / C1

V1 = (0.25% x 3,785 mL) / 99.9%

V1 = 9.47 g

Approximately 9.47 grams of glacial acetic acid (99.9% W/V) must be added to 1 gallon of purified water to prepare an irrigation solution containing 0.25% W/V acetic acid.

Thus the correct answer is c.

22) A hospital clinic requests 2 pounds of 2% Hydrocortisone ointment. How many grams of 5% Hydrocortisone ointment could be diluted with White Petrolatum to prepare this order?

a- 16.2 g

b- 23.5 g

c- 123.4 g

d- 363 g

e- 445 g

Solution:

We are given that the hospital clinic requires 2 pounds of 2% Hydrocortisone ointment. Let's convert this to grams:

1 pound = 1 / 2.200 kg = 0.454 kg = 454 grams

2 pounds = 454 grams x 2 = 908 grams

Now, we can use the following formula to solve the problem:

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

where:

C1 = concentration of the initial ointment = 5% w/w

V1 = volume of the initial ointment required = ? grams

C2 = concentration of the final ointment = 2% w/w

V2 = volume of the final ointment = 908 grams

Plugging in the values;

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

5% x V1 = 2% x 908

V1 = (2% x 908) / 5%

V1 = 363.2 grams

Thus the correct answer is d.

23) What amount of glycerin in milliliters is required to formulate an ointment weighing 1 pound and containing 15% w/w glycerin? The density of glycerin used is 1.25 g/ml.

a- 6.2 ml

b- 18.2 ml

c- 22.4 ml

d- 24.2 ml

e- 28.6 ml

Solution:

To answer this question, we need to convert the weight percentage of glycerin to the actual weight of glycerin needed to prepare 1 lb of ointment.

1 pound = 1 / 2.200 kg = 0.454 kg = 454 grams

We know that the ointment contains 5% w/w glycerin, which means that for every 100 grams of ointment, there are 5 grams of glycerin.

To find the weight of glycerin needed for 1 lb of ointment (454 grams), we can set up a simple proportion:

5 grams glycerin / 100 grams ointment = x grams glycerin / 454 grams ointment

Solving for x, we get:

x = (5 grams glycerin / 100 grams ointment) * 454 grams ointment

x = 22.7 grams glycerin

Now that we know the weight of glycerin needed, we can use the density of glycerin to convert grams to milliliters:

density = mass / volume

volume = mass / density

volume = 22.7 grams glycerin / 1.25 g/ml

volume = = 18.16 ml glycerin

Therefore, approximately 18.16 ml of glycerin would be needed to prepare 1 lb of ointment containing 5% w/w glycerin.

Thus the correct answer is b.

24) A pharmacist is requested to repackage 12 lbs of ointment into jars to be labeled 2 oz. each. How many jars can be filled with the total amount of ointment?

a- 6

b- 24

c- 48

d- 80

e- 96

Solution:

To determine the number of jars that can be filled with 12 lb of ointment to be labeled as 2 oz, we first need to convert pounds to ounces.

1 lb = 16 oz

So, 12 lb of ointment is equal to:

12 lb x 16 oz/lb = 192 oz

Next, we can divide the total amount of ointment by the amount of ointment per jar to find the number of jars:

192 oz ÷ 2 oz/jar = 96 jars

Therefore, 96 jars can be filled with 12 lb of ointment to be labeled as 2 oz. each.

Thus the correct answer is e.

25) What is the appropriate maintenance dose, based on a normal maintenance dose of 2mg/lb of body weight, for a 120 lb patient with an estimated creatinine clearance rate of 40 ml/min?

a- 26 mg

b- 76 mg

c- 96 mg

d- 160mg

e- 240mg

Solution:

To calculate the appropriate maintenance dose for this patient, you need to consider their creatinine clearance rate and adjust the dose accordingly.

First, let's convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms:

120 lbs * (1 kg / 2.2046 lbs) ≈ 54.4 kg

Now, let's assume that the normal creatinine clearance rate is 100 mL/min for simplicity. In this case, the patient's clearance rate is 40 mL/min, which is 40% of the normal rate (40 mL/min / 100 mL/min).

Next, calculate the normal maintenance dose for this patient:

Normal maintenance dose = 2 mg/lb * 120 lbs = 240 mg

Now, adjust the maintenance dose according to the patient's creatinine clearance rate:

Adjusted maintenance dose = Normal maintenance dose * (Patient's clearance rate / Normal clearance rate)

Adjusted maintenance dose = 240 mg * (40 mL/min / 100 mL/min)

Adjusted maintenance dose = 240 mg * 0.4

Adjusted maintenance dose = 96 mg

So, the maintenance dose for this 120lb patient with a creatinine clearance rate of 40 mL/min should be approximately 96 mg.

Thus the correct answer is c.

Part 2 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 3 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

Part 4 of 100 Important Pharmaceutical Calculations with step-by-step Solutions

WATCH ALSO: 👇👇👇👇👇

Pharmacist Exam Prep. Videos

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 8

Solution of MCQ # 105 Pharmaceutical Calculation Problem

2023-04-29T13:10:00.001+05:00

This is MCQ # 105 of 1000 Pharmacy MCQs

105. If a pharmacist incorporates 1 pint of Alcohol USP into 5 L of a mouthwash formula that was initially labeled as 10% V/V, what would be the percentage of alcohol present in the resulting mixture?

a- 14.34 %

b- 17.34 %

c- 19.68 %

d- 22.43 %

e- 24.40 %

Solution:

First of all, let's know something about Alcohol USP;

So, Alcohol USP is 95% Alcohol.

In the question it is 1 pint of Alcohol USP, so we need to find out the amount of alcohol in 1 pint of Alcohol USP;

1 pint = 473.18 ml

So, (95ml / 100ml) x 473.18 ml = 449.521 ml

Thus, 1 pint of Alcohol USP contains 449.521 ml of alcohol.

Now we need to find out the amount of alcohol in 5 L of 10% V/V;

10% V/V means 10 ml alcohol is there in 100 ml of solution;

so, in 5 L (5000ml) of solution, how much alcohol?

(10 ml / 100 ml) x 5000 ml = 500 ml

so 500 ml of alcohol is there in 5 L of 10% V/V solution.

After adding 1 pint of Alcohol USP into 5 L of 10% V/V formula;

The total volume of alcohol becomes;

449.521 ml + 500 ml = 949.521 ml

The total volume of the mixture becomes;

473.18 ml + 5000 ml = 5473.18 ml

Now lets calculate the percentage of alcohol present in the resulting mixture;

( 949.521 ml / 5473.18 ml ) x 100 = 17.34%

Therefore, the correct answer is b.

Solution of MCQ # 830 Pharmaceutical Calculation Problem

2023-04-14T20:29:00.001+05:00

This is MCQ # 830 of 1000 Pharmacy MCQs

830. How many grams of sodium chloride are there in 30 millimoles of NaCl, given the molecular weight of NaCl as 58.5?

a- 58.5

b- 30

c- 15

d- 2

e- 1.755

Solution:

To convert from millimoles to moles, we need to divide by 1000:

30 millimoles NaCl = 30/1000 moles NaCl = 0.03 moles NaCl

The mass of one mole of NaCl is 58.5 grams, so the mass of 0.03 moles of NaCl is:

0.03 moles NaCl × 58.5 grams/mole = 1.755 grams NaCl

Therefore, there are 1.755 grams of NaCl in 30 millimoles of NaCl.

Thus the correct answer is e.

Solution of MCQ # 826 Pharmaceutical Calculation Problem

2023-04-14T20:20:00.006+05:00

This is MCQ # 826 of 1000 Pharmacy MCQs

826. 40 grams of a drug is added into 30 ml of a solvent. The density of the solvent is 1.5. What will be the concentration of the drug in the final product?

a- 26 %

b- 30 %

c- 40 %

d- 47 %

e- 60 %

Step-by-step solution:

To calculate the concentration of the drug in the final product, we first need to determine the mass of the solvent. We can use the formula:

mass = volume × density

Given the density of the solvent is 1.5 g/mL, we can calculate the mass of the solvent as follows:

mass = 30 mL × 1.5 g/mL = 45 g

Now, we have;

mass of the drug = 40 g

mass of the solvent = 45 g

To find the concentration of the drug, we need to find the mass fraction, which is the ratio of the mass of the drug to the total mass of the mixture. The formula for mass fraction is:

mass fraction = mass of drug / (mass of drug + mass of solvent)

Using our values:

mass fraction = 40 g / (40 g + 45 g) = 40 g / 85 g

So the mass fraction of the drug is:

mass fraction = 40 g / 85 g ≈ 0.4706

To express the concentration as a percentage, simply multiply the mass fraction by 100:

concentration (%) = mass fraction × 100 ≈ 0.4706 × 100 ≈ 47.06%

So the concentration of the drug in the final product is approximately 47.06%.

Thus the correct answer is d.

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Saudi Pharmacist Licensing Exam SLE Mock Test - Part 6

2023-04-13T18:19:00.006+05:00

Saudi Pharmacist Licensing Exam Questions

www.pharmacyuop.blogspot.com

126) Which type of tablet is designed to delay the release of the active ingredient until it reaches the intestine?

a) Chewable tablets

b) Enteric-coated tablets

c) Sugar-coated tablets

d) Effervescent tablets

e) Troches

127) Which of the following conditions is Troches commonly used to treat?

a) Diabetes

b) Hypertension

c) Oral thrush

d) Asthma

e) Morning sickness

128) PGP or P-glycoprotein is a drug transport protein. The 'P' in P-glycoprotein stands for;

a- peripheral

b- permeability

c- phosphatized

d- power-dependent

e- power-independent

129) Among the following medications, which one is most likely to show a significant increase in blood levels with even small changes in dose?

A. Sodium valproate

B. Carbamazepine

C. Digoxin

D. Warfarin

E. Phenytoin

130) What is the purpose of using occlusive dressings with topical corticosteroids in clinical practice?

A. To decrease the risk of skin atrophy

B. To reduce the penetration of the steroid into the dermis

C. To promote the absorption of the steroid systemically

D. To decrease the likelihood of bacterial skin infections

E. To enhance the penetration of the steroid into the dermis

131) Sublingual tablets are tablets that are designed to be;

a) placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve

b) inserted into the vagina

c) inserted into the rectum

d) chewed and swallowed

e) dissolved in water and injected into the body

132) Which statement regarding drug absorption is correct?

A. A drug is not absorbed unless its pKa is high.

B. A drug is absorbed only after it is dissolved in a solution.

C. A drug is not absorbed until it is metabolized.

D. Optimal surface area is required for drug absorption.

E. A drug is absorbed only after it has reached the colon.

133) Which of the following statements about cationic aqueous creams is INCORRECT?

A. They contain cationic surfactants as part of their primary emulsifying system

B. They contain anionic surfactants as part of their primary emulsifying system

C. Cationic aqueous creams are compatible with cations

D. The stability of the emulsion increases when mixed with cationic preparations

E. The activity of the drug increases when mixed with cationic preparations

134) Which of the following terms refers to a system made up of a liquid dispersed in another liquid?

A. Foam

B. Gel

C. Suspension

D. Aerosol

E. Emulsion

135) Which of the following statements accurately describes a drug with a very small volume of distribution (Vd)?

A. The drug has a low potency

B. The drug is eliminated from the body quickly

C. The drug does not accumulate in various tissues and organs

D. The drug has a high therapeutic index

E. The drug is widely distributed in the body

136) What is the recommended way to take Troches?

a) Swallow the Troche whole with water

b) Chew the Troche and swallow it

c) Let the Troche dissolve slowly in the mouth

d) Crush the Troche and mix it with water

e) Take it with a full glass of milk

137) Which one of the following medications does not undergo systemic absorption after oral administration?

A. Nystatin

B. Trimethoprim

C. Cephalexin

D. Oxytetracycline

E. Rifampicin

138) Which of the following routes of drug administration results in the MOST rapid onset of pharmacological effect?

A. Intramuscular

B. Oral

C. Subcutaneous

D. Sublingual

E. Rectal

139) Which of the following bacterial genera is most commonly associated with acne vulgaris?

A. Escherichia

B. Staphylococcus

C. Streptococcus

D. Propionibacterium

E. Clostridium

140) Which of the following is the reason for thiopentone having a shorter duration of action than phenobarbitone?

A. Slow absorption from the stomach

B. Higher solubility in water

C. Rapid metabolism by the liver.

D. Rapid excretion by the kidneys.

E. Higher lipid solubility

141) The pharmaceutical dosage form 'troches' is also known as:

a) Lozenges

b) Effervescent tablets

c) Dispersible tablets

d) Sustained-release tablets

e) Sublingual tablets

142) The type of injection for which a suspension is NOT an appropriate dosage form?

A. Intramuscular

B. Subcutaneous

C. Intra-articular

D. Intradermal

E. Intravenous

143) Which of the following microorganisms is not susceptible to treatment with clindamycin?

A. Clostridium difficile

B. Bacteroides species

C. Fusobacterium species

D. Clostridium perfringens

E. Bacteroides fragilis

144) Which of the following is NOT an official pharmacopeial testing procedure for tablets?

A. Dissolution testing

B. Content uniformity testing

C. Friability testing

D. Disintegration testing

E. Hardness testing

145) Which of the following is a common ingredient in Troches?

a) Sodium chloride

b) Calcium carbonate

c) Lactose

d) Sucrose

e) Fructose

146) What drug has the longest half-life among the following options?

a- Fentanyl

b- Amlodipine

c- Verapamil

d- Theophylline

e- Morphine

147) The drug that is not administered as a racemic mixture is:

A. Warfarin

B. Esomeprazole

C. Verapamil

D. Ibuprofen

E. Propoxyphene

148) Which is the most appropriate method for determining the bioequivalence of two tablets that contain the same amount of a drug made by different companies?

A. Measuring the serum concentrations of the drug after ingestion

B. Measuring the dissolution times of the tablets

C. Measuring the disintegration times of the tablets

D. Measuring the drug content of each tablet

E. Measuring the rate at which each drug is excreted

149) Which factor determines the time required to achieve a steady-state plasma level when a fixed dose of a drug eliminated by first-order kinetics is given intravenously at regular intervals?

A. The elimination half-life of the drug.

B. The bioavailability of the drug

C. The given dose of the drug

D. The dosing interval

E. The volume of distribution of the drug.

150) Which type of tablet is designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth?

a) Dispersible tablets

b) Hypodermic tablets

c) Sustained-release tablets

d) Troches

e) Implant tablets

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 7

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 5

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 4

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 3

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 2

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 1

----------- Continued

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer Keys

MCQ # - Correct option

126- b

127- c

128- b

129- e

130- e

131- a

132- b

133- b

134- e

135- c

136- c

137- a

138- d

139- d

140- e

141- a

142- e

143- a

144- e

145- d

146- b

147- b

148- a

149- a

150- d

Solution of MCQ # 905 Pharmaceutical Calculation Problem

2023-04-13T10:49:00.005+05:00

This is MCQ # 905 of 1000 Pharmacy MCQs

905. How much of a 2% stock solution of a certified green dye should be used to prepare 6000 milliliters of a mouthwash that is to contain 2:20,000 w/v of the certified green dye as the coloring agent?

a- 10 milliliters

b- 20 milliliters

c- 30 milliliters

d- 60 milliliters

e- 120 milliliters

Simple Solution:

2:20,000 w/v means 0.01%

6000 milliliters / 2 x 0.01 = 30 milliliters

Detailed Solution:

To calculate the amount of the 2% stock solution of certified green dye needed, we can use the dilutions formula:

C1V1 = C2V2

where,

C1 is the concentration of the stock solution,

V1 is the volume of the stock solution to be used, C2 is the desired concentration of the dye in the mouthwash,

and V2 is the final volume of the mouthwash.

First, we need to convert the desired concentration of the dye in the mouthwash from w/v (weight/volume) to percent.

2:20,000 w/v means 2 grams of dye in 20,000 milliliters of the solution, or 0.01% (2/20,000 x 100%) concentration.

Now we can plug in the values:

C1 = 2%

V1 = ?

C2 = 0.01%

V2 = 6000 mL

2% V1 = 0.01% x 6000 mL

V1 = (0.01/2) x 6000

V1 = 30 mL

Therefore, we need to use 30 mL of the 2% stock solution of certified green dye to prepare 6000 milliliters of mouthwash that contain 2:20,000 w/v of the dye as the coloring agent.

Thus the correct answer for MCQ # 905 is c.

More Pharmaceutical Calculations Problems

Solution of MCQ # 917 Pharmaceutical Calculation Problem

2023-04-11T12:55:00.008+05:00

This is MCQ # 917 of 1000 Pharmacy MCQs

917. At a pharmacy, we have a vial that contains 5ml of lidocaine 1% solution. How many milligrams of lidocaine are present in 2ml of the solution?

a- 0.01 mg

b- 0.02 mg

c- 2.5 mg

d- 10 mg
e- 20 mg

Solution:

As we know;

lidocaine 1% solution means 1gm or 1000mg of lidocaine are there in 100ml of solution

As we have a 5ml vial available at our pharmacy, we have to calculate first the milligrams of lidocaine present in 5 ml.

1000mg in 100ml

?mg in 5ml

cross multiplying, we get

1000mg x 5ml = ?mg x 100ml

5000 / 100 = ?mg

So, 50mg of lidocaine are there in 5ml solution.

Now let's calculate milligrams of lidocaine in 2ml solution.

50mg in 5ml

?mg in 2ml

again cross multiplying;

?mg x 5ml = 50mg x 2ml

?mg = 100 / 5 = 20

So 20 milligrams of lidocaine are there in 2ml solution.

Thus the correct answer is e.

More Pharmaceutical Calculations Problems

Physiology Quick Review and MCQs Quiz

2023-03-27T18:37:00.004+05:00

Physiology MCQ test

1) All of the following are the functions of the liver except one?

a- production of special proteins that help carry fats through the body

b- regulation of blood levels of amino acids

c- production of bilirubin

d- conversion of excess glucose into glycogen

e- regulating blood clotting

2) What is the function of bile in our bodies?

a- break down fats into fatty acids

b- helps remove bilirubin from the body

c- helps absorb vitamins A and K

d- helps intestines in the absorption of vitamin D

e- all of the above

3) Following are the components of the heart's electrical conduction system. Identify the one that makes your heart ventricles contract and pump out blood?

a- Sinoatrial (SA) node

b- Bundle of His

c- Atrioventricular (AV) node

d- Purkinje fibers

e- both a and c

4) Which statement among the following is INCORRECT about the liver?

a- it is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

b- it is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal tract

c- it is the largest gland in the human body

d- it weighs approximately 1.5 kilograms

e- none of the above

5) Which statement among the following is INCORRECT about the spleen?

a- it makes white blood cells and antibodies that help fight infection

b- it is possible to live without a spleen in your body

c- it stores blood

d- normally it is situated inside the right rib cage

e- none of the above

6) Which statement among the following is INCORRECT about the cardiovascular system?

a- diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts

b- the arteries become rigid with age

c- at rest, the heart beats about 60 times per minute

d- dehydration affects the heart rate

e- 'pacemaker' can correct dangerous arrhythmia

7) What is the primary function of the brainstem?

a- Modulate motor coordination

b- Control language and communication

c- Regulate emotions

d- Control breathing and heart rate

e- Store memory

8) Which part of the brain modulates motor coordination, posture, and balance?

a- Cerebrum

b- Cerebellum

c- Brainstem

d- Midbrain

e- Pons

9) Pons and the medulla are classified under which part of the brain?

a- Cerebrum

b- Cerebral Cortex

c- Brainstem

d- Cerebellum

e- Spinal Cord

10) Which brain structure plays role in the regulation of body temperature?

a- Pituitary Gland

b- Hypothalamus

c- Amygdala

d- Hippocampus

e- Pineal Gland

----------- Continued

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer Keys

MCQ # - Correct option

1- c

2- e

3- d

4- a

5- d

6- a

7- d

8- b

9- c

10- b

Anatomy Quick Review and MCQs Quiz

2023-03-25T22:08:00.013+05:00

Anatomy MCQs online with solutions

1) The typical location of the liver in the body is;

a- upper left-hand portion of the abdominal cavity

b- upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity

c- beneath the stomach

d- side by side with the stomach

e- on top of the left kidney

2) The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood to the liver from;

a- gastrointestinal tract

b- gallbladder

c- pancreas

d- spleen

e- all of the above

3) The mass of a healthy human liver is approximately how many pounds?

a- 0.5

b- 1

c- 1.5

d- 3

e- 5

4) Bile is a liquid produced by;

a- gallbladder

b- liver

c- pancreas

d- duodenum

e- spleen

5) Blood is supplied to the liver through;

a- hepatic artery

b- hepatic portal vein

c- hepatic vein

d- all of the above

e- both a and b

6) How much bile does the liver produce daily?

a- 30-50 ml

b- 150-250 ml

c- 500-600 ml

d- 800-1200 ml

e- 2000-3000 ml

7) What is the outer layer of the heart called?

a) Endocardium

b) Myocardium

c) Pericardium

d) Epicardium

e) Mesocardium

8) What is the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle called?

a) Mitral valve

b) Tricuspid valve

c) Pulmonary valve

d) Aortic valve

e) Superior vena cava valve

9) What is the largest artery in the body that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body?

a) Coronary artery

b) Aorta

c) Pulmonary artery

d) Brachiocephalic artery

e) Carotid artery

10) What is the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle called?

a) Mitral valve

b) Tricuspid valve

c) Pulmonary valve

d) Aortic valve

e) Superior vena cava valve

11) What is the vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart called?

a) Pulmonary artery

b) Aorta

c) Brachiocephalic vein

d) Vena cava

e) Pulmonary vein

12) Which part of the liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm?

a) Left lobe

b) Right lobe

c) Caudate lobe

d) Quadrate lobe

e) Bare area

13) The medical term for Voice Box in the literature is;

a- Pharynx

b- Larynx

c- Trachea

d- Bronchi

e- Alveoli

14) Where does the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occur in the respiratory system?

a) Trachea

b) Bronchi

c) Alveoli

d) Larynx

e) Pharynx

15) The dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a crucial role in breathing is called the:

a) Larynx

b) Diaphragm

c) Bronchi

d) Pleura

e) Trachea

16) What is the term for the involuntary control of breathing regulated by the brainstem?

a) Voluntary control

b) Chemo-regulation

c) Mechanical ventilation

d) Pulmonary circulation

e) Emphysema

17) Cilia are tiny hair-like structures lining the airways. Their function is to:

a) Produce mucus

b) Trap dust and particles

c) Allow for gas exchange

d) Control the diaphragm

e) Filters nitrogen in the inhaled air

----------- Continued

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer Keys

MCQ # - Correct option

1- b

2- e

3- d

4- b

5- e

6- d

7- c

8- a

9- b

10- b

11- e

12- e

13- b

14- c

15- b

16- b

17- b

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Saudi Pharmacist Licensing Exam SLE Mock Test - Part 5

2023-03-25T13:14:00.005+05:00

Saudi Pharmacist Licensing Exam Questions

www.pharmacyuop.blogspot.com

101) A patient with ulcerative colitis is taking Mesalazine for the management of his condition. What supplement is recommended to be taken along with the said drug?

a) Vitamin B6

b) Folic acid

c) Iron

d) Vitamin B12

e) Calcium

102) The recommended daily dose of folic acid during lactation is;

a) 400 mcg

b) 500 mcg

c) 600 mcg

d) 800 mcg

e) 1200 mcg

103) The effects of four antihypertensive drug classes (A-D) on the renin-angiotensin system are shown in the following table;

Parameters	Drug A	Drug B	Drug C	Drug D
Renin Conc.	🠋	🠉	🠉	🠉
Angiotensin-I Conc.	🠋	🠉	🠉	🠉
Angiotensin-II Conc.	🠋	🠋	🠉	🠉
Angiotensin Receptor	---	---	🠋	---

Which class is represented by drug -C?

A Diuretics

B Direct Renin inhibitors

C Angiotensin II receptor blockers

D Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

E) Adrenergics

104) The maximum daily dose of alprazolam for the management of anxiety in adults is;

a) 1.5 mg

b) 3 mg

c) 4 mg

d) 10 mg

e) 15 mg

105) Identify the area of the brain that is responsible for the higher cognitive functions like problem-solving, memory, judgment, language, behavior, etc.?

a- frontal lobe

b- temporal lobe

c- parietal lobe

d- occipital lobe

e- limbic lobe

106) Considering the structure-activity relationship of Aspirin, what will be the result of the substitution of halogen atoms on the aromatic ring?

a- all activity is lost

b- activity decreases

c- toxicity decreases

d- increases activity as well as toxicity

e- aspirin is transformed into ibuprofen

107) A patient is found to be allergic to penicillin therapy. Which medication among the following can be safely taken by this patient?

a- methicillin

b- doripenem

c- amoxicillin

d- azithromycin

e- cefixime

108) The correlation between INR and the risk of bleeding during warfarin therapy warrants that INR be maintained in a certain desirable range to achieve the optimum anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The recommended INR range is;

a- 2 to 3

b- 4 to 6

c- above 5

d- 6 to 8

e- 9 to 11

109) In antacids preparation, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium compounds are usually used in combination. The main reason behind this is;

a- to balance their constipative and purgative effects

b- to optimize activity in the stomach as well as the intestines

c- to reduce systemic absorption of each other

d- to prevent metabolic alkalosis

e- to correct electrolyte imbalance during PUD

110) Depilatory products are used for the purpose of;

a- nails care

b- hair treatment

c- hair removal

d- odor neutralization

e- skin tanning

111) The proton pump secretes hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen in exchange of;

a- Na+

b- K+

c- OH-

d- HCO3-

e- Cl-

112) Which of the following hormones is released in response to low blood glucose levels in the body?

a) Insulin

b) Glucagon

c) Adrenaline

d) Thyroxine

e) Renin

113) The most serious side effect of penicillin therapy can be?

a- Diarrhea

b- Renal damage

c- Fatty liver

d- Anaphylactic shock

e- 8th cranial nerve damage

114) Thiopental is a;

a- Ultra-short-acting barbiturate

b- Short-acting barbiturate

c- Intermediate-acting barbiturate

d- Long-acting barbiturate

e- benzodiazepine agent

115) The use of morphine is contraindicated in patients with head injury. This is because;

a- of its increased addiction potential

b- it causes cerebral vasoconstriction

c- it increases intracranial tension

d- it causes a massive release of histamine

e- all of the above

116) Drug(s) that can cause vitamin B12 deficiency;

a- Cholestyramine

b- Cimetidine

c- Colchicine

d- Phenobarbital

e- all of the above

117) Which drug among the following is not paired with its correct indication?

a- Colchicine – used to prevent or treat attacks of gout

b- Trimethoprim – used to treat urinary tract infections

c- Omeprazole – an antagonist for Valproic Acid overdose

d- Cholestyramine – used to lower high cholesterol levels in the blood

e- Famotidine – a histamine blocker used to treat and prevent ulcers

118) Which drug among the following can cause folate deficiency?

a- trimethoprim

b- pyrimethamine

c- triamterene

d- methotrexate

e- all of the above

119) The use of loop diuretics can cause which nutrient depletion?

a- calcium

b- magnesium

c- potassium

d- zinc

e- all of the above

120) The pharmacological class of Fusidic acid is;

a- antiviral

b- antibiotic

c- antifungal

d- antihyperlipidemic

e- antacid

121) Enteric coated tablet is meant to disintegrate in the;

a- mouth

b- stomach or intestine

c- stomach

d- intestine

e- anus

122) Type 2 diabetes drug that is known to cause vitamin B12 deficiency is;

a- metformin

b- glyburide

c- pioglitazone

d- acarbose

e- sitagliptin

123) An anti-asthmatic agent that is ineffective orally?

a- Theophylline

b- Metformin

c- Salbutamol

d- Montelukast Sodium

e- Sodium cromoglicate

124) Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

a) Detoxification of toxic substances

b) Production of bile

c) Regulation of blood glucose levels

d) Production of red blood cells

e) Digestion of food

125) One of the following antibiotics is NOT safe to use in the penicillin-allergic patient;

a- vancomycin

b- meropenem

c- doxycycline

d- ciprofloxacin

e- gentamicin

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 8

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 7

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 6

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 4

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 3

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 2

SPLE Prometric Exam Practice Questions - Part 1

----------- Continued

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer Keys

MCQ # - Correct option

101-

102-

103-

104- c

105- a

106- d

107- d

108- a

109-

110- c

111- b

112- b

113- d

114- a

115- c

116- e

117- c

118- e

119- e

120- b

121- d

122- a

123- e

124- d

125- b

Pathology Quick Review and MCQs

2023-02-22T12:39:00.003+05:00

Pathology Multiple Choice Questions

general pathology mcqs with answers

MCQ # 01

Which disease is also known as 'the kissing disease?

a- bacterial vaginosis

b- mononucleosis

c- actinomycosis

d- adenovirus infection

e- AIDS

MCQ # 02

The term etiology refers to;

a- forecast of the course of a disease

b- cause of the disease

c- the manner of development of a disease

d- predisposing factor of a disease

e- the clinical study of a disease

MCQ # 03

A surgical procedure in which a cut is made through the skin to remove a sample of abnormal tissue for the purpose of diagnosis;

a- autopsy

b- true-cut biopsy

c- excision biopsy

d- incision biopsy

e- fine needle aspiration

MCQ # 04

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

a- Melanoma

b- Basal cell carcinoma

c- Squamous cell carcinoma

d- Merkel cell carcinoma

d- Kaposi sarcoma

MCQ # 05

What is the most serious or deadliest form of skin cancer?

a- Melanoma

b- Basal cell carcinoma

c- Squamous cell carcinoma

d- Merkel cell carcinoma

d- Kaposi sarcoma

MCQ # 06

What is the term used in pathology for a cancerous tumor that arises from the bones?

a. Adenoma

b. Carcinoma

c. Sarcoma

d. Myxoma

e- Fibroma

MCQ # 07

What is the term for the process of programmed cell death?

a. Necrosis

b. Apoptosis

c. Ischemia

d. Hypoxia

e- Fibrosis

MCQ # 08

Which of the following is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis?

a. Muscle weakness

b. Spasticity

c. Blurred vision

d. Bowel Problems

e. All of the above

MCQ # 09

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

a. polyuria

b. polydipsia

c. polyphagia

d. bradycardia

e- unintentional weight loss

MCQ # 10

In pathology literature, the exact term for painful or difficult swallowing is;

a- dysplasia

b- dysphagia

c- diaphoresis

d- dyspnea

e- dystonia

----- continued

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Answer Keys

MCQ # - Correct option

01- b

02- b

03- d

04- b

05- a

06- c

07- b

08- e

09- d

10- b

Computer MCQs for Pharmacy Students

2023-02-21T10:19:00.001+05:00

computer mcqs for pharmacists

1. CD, DVD, and floppy disk are all examples of;

a- storage media

b- input devices

c- output devices

d- both b and c

e- none of the above

2. Typically the size of a compact disk (CD) in diameter is about;

a- 2.6 inches

b- 3.2 inches

c- 3.8 inches

d- 4.7 inches

e- 5.3 inches

3. How many concurrent users approximately can a server handle?

a- 250

b- 400

c- 450

d- 500

e- depends on several factors

4. The storage capacity of a compact disk (CD) is about;

a- 500 MB

b- 700 MB

c- 1000 MB

d- 1 GB

e- 1.5 GB

5. What is the maximum storage capacity of a floppy disk?

a- 80 kilobytes

b- 144 kilobytes

c- 500 kilobytes

d- 1.44 megabytes

e- 7 megabytes

6. Microsoft Corporation developed the Disk Operating System (DOS) for the IBM Personal Computer in;

a- 1981

b- 1975

c- 1985

d- 1991

e- 1995

7. Which of the following area performs hazardous tasks with the help of computerized robotic arms?

a- ICU in hospitals

b- film shooting industry

c- manufacturing industries

d- construction companies

e- oil and gas rigs

8. The most common types of available floppy disks according to their size are;

a- 3.5-inch disks

b- 5.25-inch disks

c- 4.6-inch disks

d- both a and b

e- both b and c

9. The type of computer that is used for tasks that require a lot of processing power, such as 3D modeling, animation, and video editing is;

a- supercomputer

b- workstation

c- mainframe

d- embedded computer

e- microcomputer

10. The suitable type of computer to perform census will be;

a- supercomputer

b- workstation

c- mainframe computer

d- embedded computer

e- microcomputer

--- Continued

Scope of Pharmacy Profession and Role of Pharmacists

2023-01-02T19:25:00.001+05:00

The scope of the pharmacy profession is broad and includes a variety of roles and responsibilities. Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who are trained to dispense and manage medication use. They work in a variety of settings, including community pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics, and may also work in industry or research.

Roles of pharmacist in public health

Some of the key responsibilities and tasks of pharmacists include:

Dispensing medications to patients based on prescriptions from healthcare providers: This involves filling and labeling prescription orders, checking for potential drug interactions, and providing instructions on how to take the medication.

Providing patient education: Pharmacists are often the first point of contact for patients seeking information about their medications. They are trained to provide advice on the proper use of prescription and non-prescription drugs and to answer questions about drug therapy.

Managing medication therapy: Pharmacists work with patients and other healthcare professionals to design and manage medication treatment plans that are tailored to the individual needs of each patient.

Conducting medication reviews: Pharmacists may conduct medication reviews for patients to identify any problems or issues with their current medication regimen and to make recommendations for changes or adjustments as needed.

Participating in research and continuing education to stay up to date on developments in the field of pharmacy, Pharmacists may also be involved in conducting or contributing to research projects related to medication use and effectiveness.

Providing expertise on drug selection and use: Pharmacists are experts in the properties and uses of different medications, and they play a key role in helping healthcare professionals select the most appropriate medications for their patients.

Checking for drug contraindications: It is the pharmacist's domain of expertise to point out contraindications if any among the various drugs that a patient might be taking to manage his/her medical conditions.

Compounding medications: Compounding is the process of preparing customized medications for patients.

This may involve combining, mixing, or altering ingredients to create a medication that meets the specific needs of an individual patient.

Pharmacists play a crucial role in the compounding process, as they are responsible for ensuring that the medications are prepared safely and accurately. This includes selecting the appropriate ingredients, following proper compounding techniques and guidelines, and verifying the final product to ensure that it meets all necessary specifications.

Pharmacists may also be responsible for keeping records of the compounding process and for providing patients with information about how to take their customized medications.

In addition, they may work closely with physicians and other healthcare providers to ensure that the compounded medications are appropriate for each patient.

Inventory management: This includes managing and organizing the medication inventory in their place of work.

Pharmacists play a key role in inventory management in a number of ways. They are responsible for ordering and stocking medications and supplies, and for keeping track of expiration dates and levels of inventory.

They also need to ensure that the pharmacy has a sufficient supply of medications and supplies to meet the needs of patients and that there are no shortages or other issues that could compromise patient care.

In addition, pharmacists may be involved in setting up and maintaining inventory management systems and processes, such as computerized systems for tracking inventory and generating reorder alerts. They may also be responsible for reconciling inventory counts and identifying and investigating any discrepancies.

Conclusion:

Overall, the role of pharmacists is to ensure that patients receive the most appropriate and safe medication therapy possible.

Can Pharmacists Answer Medical Questions? - Scope of Pharmacists Knowledge

2023-01-01T12:36:00.005+05:00

Pharmacists and your Medical Questions

Can pharmacists answer your medical queries?

Pharmacists are knowledgeable about medications and their uses, and they can often provide useful information to patients about their medications and how to use them correctly.

However, pharmacists are not medical doctors and are not trained to diagnose medical conditions or provide medical advice.

If you have questions about your health or medical treatment, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider such as a medical doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant. They are trained to diagnose and treat medical conditions and can provide you with the most accurate and appropriate information and advice for your specific situation.

Will Pharmacists be Automated? - The Future of Pharmacists

2023-01-01T12:14:00.005+05:00

Pharmacists and Automation

Will the pharmacy field be automated in the future?

It is unlikely that pharmacists will be fully automated in the near future.

While automation and technology can help pharmacists in their work, there are many tasks that require the knowledge, skills, and judgment of a human pharmacist.

For example, pharmacists are responsible for reviewing and verifying the accuracy of prescriptions, counseling patients on the proper use of medications, and identifying and addressing potential drug interactions and other safety concerns.

These tasks require a level of expertise and decision-making ability that cannot be easily automated. However, it is possible that some routine tasks, such as filling prescriptions, may be automated in the future, allowing pharmacists to focus on more complex and higher-level tasks that require their specialized training and knowledge.

B Category Pharmacy Technician Course and Study Materials

2022-12-24T09:16:00.006+05:00

Category-B Pharmacy Technician professional diploma course subjects study materials

Pharmacy Technician Books PDF in Pakistan

About this Course:

The only requirement to get admission into the Pharmacy Technician degree course is that you have passed your matriculation in the science group.
The duration of the course is 2 years.
The course is completed in 2 parts, Part 1 and Part 2.
Part 1 is covered in the first year and part 2 in 2nd year.
The papers consist of theory and practical.

Benefits of the Pharmacy Technician Course:

category B is granted upon the completion of this course which is a license that enables the holder to open a medical store in any area of Pakistan.
upon the successful completion of the course, the candidate will become eligible for a grade 14 job in the public sector of Pakistan
many opportunities for employment in foreign countries especially Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

Pharmacy Technician Books 1st year:

pharmacy technician part 1 books pdf

Pharmacy Technician 2nd year Books:

pharmacy technician part 2 books pdf

Exam resources for Pharmacy Technicians:

All Subjects MCQs for 1st-Year Pharmacy Technicians

Anatomy and Physiology MCQs for Pharmacy Technicians

Pharmacy Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians

Essential Math and Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians

WATCH ALSO: 👇👇👇👇👇

Pharmacist Exam Prep. Videos