Physics by Tushar

ENGLISH MEDIUM : Standard - 11 & 12 Science Questions Bank for NEET/JEE/GUJCET/AIPMT examination.

2017-07-20T22:06:00.000+05:30

Physics English Medium

01.	Title
02.	Index
03.	Chapter-1
04.	Chapter-2
05.	Chapter-3
06.	Chapter-4
07.	Chapter-5
08.	Chapter-6
09.	Chapter-7
10.	Chapter-8
11.	Chapter-9
12.	Chapter-10

13.	Chapter- 11
14.	Chapter-12
15.	Chapter-13
16.	Chapter-14
17.	Chapter-15
18.	Chapter-16
19.	Chapter-17
20.	Chapter-18
21.	Chapter-19
22.	Question Paper
23.	Solution
24.	Solution_(Question paper)

SOURCE: http://gujarat-education.gov.in/TextBook/QuestionBankEnglish/physicseng.html

The COW, CROW SHIT problem! by Tushar Vaghasiya

2017-07-13T21:41:00.001+05:30

I was having the fever and severe headache on that day. I was returning from school. I was going to the Zadeshwar cross roads to get the bus to Surat. I was searching for some thought to distract myself from a sevear headache and meanwhile, something happened like this.

On the route to the cross road, there was an open space where few cows were trying to find something to eat from the waste materials thrown by the public.😕😶 Suddenly one crow flew🎈 and sat on the cow.😏 It might seem regular incident to others but for me. as having a different angle to view things in my life, I got a thought like this.😉❓❓❓

What if the Crow fly, sit and 'SHIT'🤣 on the cow and cow is standing on the weighing scale?❓
What will be the change in weight?❓
What would be the nature of the graph if I plot it as Weight v/s Time for the continuous set of events from the Crow sit and shit?❓

The first thing that came into my mind that the crow-shit is leaving the crow body and sets on the cow so the weight should remain the same only!❗❕❗ But, NO, NO, NO... here I'm not talking about mass but I'm talking about weight!❕❗❕
Now I know that weight is proportional to the change in the momentum😊. so the slope would change.😜

Now it's your chance to solve it and comment your views on this.😎👍
I'll post the answer next week so that you will get some time to work it out.👍👍👍

Enjoy👲 Physics, Love💖 Physics, Live😊 Physics...

Yours,
Tushar K. Vaghasiya

A Gujarati medium student, cracked JEE without coaching

2017-02-27T21:58:00.001+05:30

This will inspire you a lot.

Chaitanya Patel - Writer

My story will be long. But it will be interesting for you to know how I, a Gujarati medium student, cracked JEE without coaching, with only 3 books, with one year preparation. Thanks in advance for those who are going to read it fully.
Background :
I come from a small town called Kadi in north Gujarat having population not more than 1 lac. I am from a middle class family. Mummy is a teacher and Pappa is a shopkeeper. I have a 5.5 years elder clever brother. He passed out 12th with securing 302nd rank in Gujarat and 4th in the district. For those who don’t know : Gujarat education board has low level syllabus as compared to CBSE. Also when my brother was in 12th, there was GUJCET as the competitive entrance exam. Counselling of engineering colleges in Gujarat were done by the merit list which was prepared by combining 12th exam marks and GUJCET marks. Questions in GUJCET were asked from only 12th syllabus, not 11th. Also the questions were easy compared to JEE because it was based on Gujarat Board. That is the reason why even a bright student from Gujarat board can’t perform well in JEE. At that time, students, who did not belong to big cities, didn’t know about IITs. My brother gave AIEEE just for an experience and got around 75 marks. Students only focused on GUJCET and local good colleges to study. (Gujarat Board , GTH!!)
The change came in one year before I cleared 10th. GUJCET was suddenly removed and JEE mains came into the picture. The changed policy was : 11th - 12th were divided into 4 semesters each having a separate exam. 1st and 3rd have only MCQs(each question having 4 options, only 1 is correct). 2nd and 4th have 50% MCQs and 50% subjective part. Merit list was going to be prepared considering 40% JEE mains marks and 15% from each semester exam marks. The main threat was that the CBSE students had a big advantage because for them, JEE mains was easy. But for a Gujarat board student who didn’t learn English other than as a subject, who didn’t learn topics in depth as given in CBSE, who had no idea about what JEE was, it was really hard to crack JEE. My city topper who got 95% average in total four semesters, got highest 128/360 in JEE mains in the year it was firstly introduced. The next batch topper also had not more than 140/360 in mains. (Thanks to Gujarat Board!!) Then I came to 11th.
11th - 1st semester (June-2013)
Nirma was the college that every Gujarat board student used to dream to get into and so was I. I still remembered that when my brother, who was then in a very good college(DDIT) studying CE, used to tell me that there are better colleges other than Nirma called IITs and I listened to him surprisingly like a poor man hearing the story of Antilia (Mukesh Ambani’s house). But he told me that to get into that college, one has to study CBSE or higher level syllabus hardly and also get into well known tuition classes. I didn’t have any of them (Kadi is a small city, can’t even dream to have a proper JEE classes). But now JEE was made compulsory. (This was going to affect my life to a large extent. Thanks to Gujarat Board - This time I’m not being sarcastic. ) So I told myself that I’ll do something later on, let’s focus on boards( JEE ka jo hoga dekha jayega ). I thought I’ll get nearly 160/360 in mains and get into Nirma. So in 11th (sem 1–2), I focused on boards. I got very good marks (sem-1 : 298/300) topped the small city.
11th - 2nd semester (November-2013)
But at the end of the 2nd semester, I realized that time is slipping. I have to do something. So I decided to buy reference books for JEE. I told my Pappa. He went to Ahmedabad. I had heard of something like ‘Tata McGraw Hill’ is a kind of very good publication. So I told my Pappa to bring TMC JEE books. He called me from the book store.
Pappa : Here, there are two types of books. One has written ‘Mains’ and other has ‘Advanced’. Which should I buy ?
I : (carelessly) Buy ‘Advanced’ onces.
Pappa : (In dubious and tensed voice) But these books are very heavy. Everything is in English. Can you prepare it ?
I : Well, bring them. I’ll see what I can do with them.
Pappa : okay.
At night, he came with heavy books, each weighing nearly 2 kg. I was really shocked by seeing their size. The moment I opened them, it gave me an ‘advanced’ shock. I had no idea about what was written there. I was afraid. Next week, I started 1st chapter of maths : Complex Numbers. (with English-Gujarati dictionary by my side.) Unfortunately, it was the biggest chapter in the book. On the very first page, a term called ‘prime number’ appeared and I got perplexed. I shuffled the pages of dictionary and found out : oh, it means ‘Avibhajya Sankhya’ in Gujarati. Such things continued. I studied one week and could complete only 110 examples given as practice. Not a single question I could do on my own. I didn’t dare to do Exercise. I felt I can’t do it. Next week, I put those book on shelf and started studying for boards. Everything became as normal as before. Again got good marks (sem-2 : 290/300) topped the small city. (My maths subjective part was badly checked :( . I got the paper reassessed. I came to know that I should get 99/100 but I got 93/100 :( . Due to policy, I couldn’t oppose this. So I forgave them :) like a saint - just kidding)
12th - 3rd semester (May-2014)
3rd semester was too much long, about 6 months. Also only MCQs were going to come in Gujarat board exam. Vacation was there but boards tuition classes were started. So I was having a lot of free time other than tuition classes. It was a holy moment of may-2014, when I remembered those books. As I was threatened by Complex Numbers so I decided to take up Physics - my favourite. I studied first 2–3 chapters. To my surprise, it didn’t feel ‘that’ hard. With English I felt awkward but also it was funny. As I continued, I liked it. And then I decided to take JEE seriously.
This was the time when I realized that JEE is not unachievable for a student like me.
Preparation :
In my TMC book, every chapter had 2–3 page theory and then 100–140 questions including all types. My strategy was :

Get through the chapter in Gujarat board textbook (I forgot 1st semester things after giving its exam) .
Read TMC 2–3 page theory. (It helped to know English words of important terms. Also I got to know any extra topic I didn’t learn from boards syllabus. Formulas were directly given. So I would try to derive it.)
Solve questions. (At the beginning, I couldn’t solve it. So I would see the hint and try to understand it. As it was ‘advanced’ book, hint was mostly short. So I would have to do brain-storming to understand what is going on. Many times I couldn’t understand, So I would just keep staring it for several minutes like a puzzled person :) . Sadly, I couldn’t ask anyone for help. Nobody was preparing with me and teachers could not solve that level questions. So sometime I would leave those questions. Multiple answers questions would often teach some theory which was not given at the start. )
Prepare for D-day. (I knew that after giving 4th semester board exam, I was going to have only 10 days for JEE Mains preparation. With simple math, I knew that I would have only 1.5 hour(s) for each average sized chapter. My brother gave me golden advice that try to compress the big syllabus. So I mark out only important and tough question , discarding easy and repeated question.)

Time Management - The most important:
I started late. I was equally focusing on boards. I had to give some time to prepare for remaining two semester end exams. So I calculated that I had to complete one chapter in one or two days considering that there were 35 chapters per subject. I stopped going to school. Principal knew that I was preparing for JEE so he let me to do that. But I continued to go 2 days/week just to chill out with friends. I was and I am a human. I need some moments to chill :) . Other days I was totally at home except boards tuition classes. Mummy used to be at school , Pappa at shop and Bhai at hostel. So I was completely alone almost the whole day. I was not an owl and I didn’t like to study at night so I would get up at 5:30 early morning. After getting ready I would to go Hanumandada temple at 6 o’clock on my cycle (I am not a staunch theist but I liked to go sometimes) . After coming back I would study. In between, I would take out some moments to read newspaper (Actually a lot of moments). Everyday I would spend 1–1.5 hour(s) on computer watching movies (shauk badi chij hai). But I stuck to my time-table.
I finished almost all the chapters of three semesters (1st, 2nd, 3rd) in just 6 months of 3rd semester. I still wonder how I did that. I did it because I knew that 4th semester would be short (3.5 months) and it had a long syllabus and I would have to prepare for subjective answers. Also I didn’t leave boards preparation. So I got 299/300 in 3rd semester.
Because of JEE preparation, Gujarat Board was not a big deal for me except some questions which were asked from the corner of the books. (In physics paper, the melting point of tungsten was asked because it was in the theory somewhere in the book. I knew such tricks of Gujarat Board so I had gone through the book just one day before and I got that question right. RIP Gujarat Board. )
12th - 4th semester:
In 4th semester I was only able to prepare Gujarat board and same chapters for JEE. I got less time to revise sem 1–2–3. I got around 293/300 in 4th semester.
Yeh 10 din tumse bhagavan bhi nahi chhin sakta :
After writing 4th semester exam, I became ready for the final battle - JEE which was going to be fought after 10 days. By the time, my aim had soared to 300/360. I fully revised 3 books and became free 1 day earlier. The day before JEE mains exam, I was totally free. I saw ‘The dark night’ almost 15th time that day. I am a die hard ‘Nolan’ fan:) . Till that date, I had not practiced any sample paper of JEE mains. I was kind of careless which was going to beat me the next day.
D-Day : JEE-Mains Exam (xth day of April - 2015)
I had decided to give offline exam. I went there, sat there. Nothing was unusual. I had full confidence. The paper was given. Neglecting my teacher’s advice to attempt chemistry first, I started physics - my favourite. But still destiny had decided to play with me. Physics was very tough. I spent 1.5 hours (a half an hour extra) doing physics and yet could complete only 23/30 physics questions. Other 7 question I left due to uncertainty. ( This would happen when you don’t practice sample papers !) I was very scared. Hands were literally trembling. I thought my hard work would go in vain. But then I thought I would not let it happen. I took a deep breath and started chemistry. I was going through questions so fast. To my surprise, I finished chemistry in just 35 minutes - yaaaaa. (Grand Come Back ! My decision of leaving chemistry was proved right. I would not have finished it so tightly if I would have attempted it first. Things were in my hands now.) So now 1 hour 1 subject - maths - seemed fair. I got more speed. After solving every question, if I found the answer in one of the options, I would slam the bench (slowly) with a sound of ‘yyeehh..’. Last 10 minutes, I had 4 questions of maths left. But I decided to leave that and went again back to physics. I solved all remaining 7 questions. Still 2 minutes - back to maths. I could do 2 out of remaining 4. And the bell rung.
I came out with a sad face. I told my Pappa that I would not secure even 200/360. My whole day went sad. It was not that I did bad. But I knew I wrote most of paper in a very unusual manner - fast and worriedly. Though I calculated around 87/90 questions (attempted all), I was not sure. Next day morning I was reading newspaper - specially about tough part of physics. Pappa came and asked me to check out with the answer key. I didn’t want to do that. But I realized some day I would get my marks. So I took my Pappa’s phone. (Mine did not have internet. I had a ‘not-so-good’ micromax phone which had incoming and outgoing call facility with a very good feature of music player :) - Staying away from Internet was a good decision I think. ) I went on terrace. (Relax folks, I'm not going to leave this world so easily. :P ) I wanted to be alone. I opened resonance website and started checking. To my big big surprise, I was getting all correct. In just 4 minutes of checking, my mood was completely changed. I was jumping out of joy. I started jumping even more as nobody was there to see me. :) I calculated my marks. Very biiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiig surprise!!
Result declared.
I got 90/120 in Physics. (spending 1.5 hours on that was worth as it was a good score in considerably tough paper.)
I got 90/120 in Maths. (fair enough for the efforts of 45 minutes.)
I got 110/120 in Chemistry. (Big relief ! 110 marks for 35 minutes. :) Highest return of minutes spent !)
Total 290/360 (AIR - 56 in JoSAA). Less than the target of 300/360, but not a bad one!!!
After that I continued the preparation for advanced with the same 3 books. But this time I don’t know why I was not in that much confidence. Before giving advanced, I tried to solve some papers. But I couldn’t solve much questions. I couldn’t ask anyone for help. This was the first time I felt the need of guidance or coaching for JEE. I gave advanced and did very bad.
I got AIR 1386 in advanced. :( (Not good enough to get CSE in top IITs.)
I scored 339/450 in BITSAT. Not as good as expected !
I scored 295/300 average of four semesters of boards. There were two other students having 296/300 so my application to get admission in BITS-Pilani through ‘board topper scheme’ was rejected.
I got 1st rank in Gujarat Board merit list (60% board + 40% JEE-Mains) as my mains marks were way higher than those boards toppers.

I wanted CSE. But my advanced rank was not high enough to get CSE in top 8 IITs. I couldn’t get BITS-Pilani CSE. So I decided to go for IIIT-Hyderabad CSE through JEE-Mains marks. And I am totally satisfied with the choice I made. IIIT-Hyderabad has very good academics, comparable to top IITs. (You can find more reviews on quora.)
I couldn’t get CSE at top 5 IITs as targeted. But now, I am in a far better college than I aimed at the starting of 11th. :)
I sometimes wonder where I would have landed if Gujarat Education Board had not decided to remove GUJCET !

Hope, it inspired you a lot.

Source: Chaitanya Patel's answer to What was your IIT-JEE preparation story?

Understanding the COOL guy Refrigerator..

2017-02-26T20:00:00.001+05:30

Refrigerator:

Food preservation was a serious challenge before the discovery of refrigerators. The best options were to suspend spoilable items in the rivers, wells, or at the bottom of ponds. In spite of that, sometimes stable foods were heavily salted, spiced, pickled, canned or dried to prevent bacterial growth.

With the industrial age, we began to understand thermodynamic cycles and through an interplay of pumps, valves, and heat exchange; we learned to cool food to arbitrary temperatures using the refrigerator cycle.

So, Let's learn about its three crucial components and understand how they come together to produce the refrigerator’s cooling cycle.

Question: What is the basic idea behind a refrigerator?

Answer: It removes heat from the compartment and pumps it to the outside.

Refrigerators continually take away heat from the air in the food compartment and dump it into the environment.

The internal compartment of a refrigerator is approximately closed to the outside and does not exchange gas with it. It is also well insulated, which keeps heat oozing to a minimum.

While it is possible to make cold air from hot, it requires a lot of energy to do so in any great amount which is referred as WORK!

As the refrigerator carries out a cycle to move heat out from the food compartment and into the room.
This occurs via three main components.

a pump that compresses gas
a valve that expands gas
radiators that allow gas to exchange heat with the surroundings.

Let's now understand the behavior of each of these components by analogy with everyday phenomena, starting with the compressor pump.

An analogy for the action of the compressor pump is the act of pumping up a basketball. Suppose you use a hand pump to quickly fill a basketball with air.

Question: Just after you finish, how does the temperature of the air in the basketball compare to that of the outside?

Will it be colder, same temperature or warmer than before?
Answer: It'll be warmer.
Consider what happens when you try to stuff extra clothing into a piece of luggage. Each additional piece requires more work than the last, as the pressure builds up. The same thing is happening with the gas entering the basketball.

First, note what temperature is, it's the average kinetic energy of molecules. Thus, when we add energy to a gas, we're raising the kinetic energy of the molecules.

At atmospheric pressure, gas has a preferred density, but to pump up the ball, we need to keep putting air in until it's well over atmospheric pressure. Gasses resist being compressed like this!!!! And this is why it requires work to force new air molecules into the ball and also the reason that it gets harder to operate the pump as the pressure increases. Thus, when we pump up the ball we're adding energy to the gas, raising its temperature.

As shown in the diagram below, the gas within the basketball has greater speed than the gas outside.
An analogy for what happens to gas at the expansion valve is what happens to air in an expanding piston. Suppose you have a piston filled with dense gas and the piston is free to expand into a bed of soft clay.

Question: How does the temperature of the gas in the piston before the expansion compare to the temperature after?

Answer: It will be colder afterwards!

This is essentially the reverse of pumping up the basketball. Since the piston can move, it is possible for the gas to expand by pressing the piston arm into the clay bed. To compress the clay requires the gas to overcome the clay's tendency to maintain its shape and resist deformation. In other words, the gas must do work on the clay, through the piston.

Thus, in expanding its volume, the net energy of the gas is decreased, lowering its temperature.

Finally, we consider a hot balloon in a cold room, an analogy for what happens to gas in a radiator. Suppose you fill a balloon with air that is 40℃ and place it in a room that's 30℃.

Question: Approximately what temperature will the air in the balloon have after a long time?Answer: 30℃

When two objects are left in contact for a long time, they tend to exchange heat until they arrive at the same temperature. In the case of a balloon and a room full of air, the room contains much more heat so the balloon is unable to heat it to any significant degree. Therefore, the balloon will dump heat into the room until they're both very slightly above the starting temperature of the room.

It may seem as though the balloon can't exchange heat with the environment, since it's (relatively) impermeable to gas. However, heat can move across the balloon, and gas molecules on either side can contribute heat to the balloon, which is then picked up by molecules on the other side.

will be continued......

Standard - 11 & 12 Science Questions Bank for NEET/JEE/GUJCET/AIPMT examination.

2016-11-17T13:39:00.000+05:30

Physics Question Bank 2016-17

by http://gujarat-education.gov.in/

01.	Title
02.	Shubhecha Sandesh
03.	Index
04.	Chapter-1
05.	Chapter-2 & Chapter-3
06.	Chapter-4 & Chapter-5
07.	Chapter-6 & Chapter-7
08.	Chapter-8 & Chapter-9
09.	Chapter-10
10.	Chapter-11(01)
11.	Chapter-11(02)
12.	Chapter-12 & Chapter-13
13.	Chapter-14 & Chapter-15
14.	Chapter-16

15.	Chapter-17 & Chapter-18
16.	Chapter-18 & Chapter-19
17.	Question Paper-1
18.	Question Paper-1(01)
19.	Question Paper-2 & 3
20.	Question Paper-4 to 6
21.	Question Paper-7 & 8
22.	Question Paper-9 & 10
23.	Question Paper-11
24.	Question Paper-12 & 13
25.	Question Paper-14
26.	Question Paper-15 to 17
27.	Question Paper-18 & 19
28.	Question Paper-20

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Defrag Your Brain With a Spark File

2012-09-12T04:02:00.001+05:30

\

Do you have a lot of ideas but no clue how to organize them? Or maybe ideas come to you and by the time you have a chance to record them, you've forgotten? Enter the Spark File. As Alex Hillman explains, this tool doesn't just capture half-baked ideas—it helps you turn small concepts into great things.

Steven Johnson is one of my favorite authors. I wish I could remember who introduced me to him so I could thank them. The first book of his I read was The Invention of Air, and his most recent Where Good Ideas Come From.

Where Good Ideas Come From in 4 Minutes

Recently, Steven started a series called "The Writers Room". Truth be told, his last post is nearly a month old but has moved me so hard for the last month that I wanted to share.

Enter the Spark File

The Spark File, Steven describes, is a process/tool that he uses to collect "half-baked ideas" and then revisit them. For eight years, he's maintained a single document with notes and ideas with zero organization or taxonomy, simply a chronology of thoughts. He calls this document his Spark File.

Once a month, he revisits the ENTIRE Spark File from top to bottom, revisiting old ideas and potentially combining them with newer ideas.

I've adopted this process for the last 30 days and it's had a remarkable effect. The most astounding part is how often I find myself writing the same thing in different ways. I've taken that pattern as a clue to explore a concept further, and see if it merits more investigation.

Your Crippling Compulsion, and the Solution

I was sharing this process with one of my co-conspirators, Tony Bacigalupo, while working with him last week and he said, "this process is amazing, it sounds like a defragmentation for your brain."

And it is.

This is particularly important because, as Tony pointed out, we don't have ideas all at once and we certainly don't have them in any particular order. Perhaps more importantly, we tend to either have a compulsion to act on our ideas immediately, or not at all.

This compulsion is blocking your greatest work.

By using a Spark File, I'm able to "act" on an idea simply by writing it down at the bottom of the document. Compulsion fulfilled. But unlike the process without Spark File assistance, the idea's destiny isn't written yet. It has the potential to become something greater than an idea, and I'd argue something greater than most 99.9% of all execution.

Any of your half-baked ideas can contribute to the development of better answers.

Where Better Ideas Come From

Once a month (or any time I wish), I revisit my Spark File notes and look for patterns and clues. I can find inspiration and most importantly, I can find answers, sometimes answers to questions I didn't even know how to ask while I was jotting down my half-baked ideas.

I've found that the inspiration and answers I'm gleaning from my Spark File are tending to be more complete, overall deeper, and more thorough than if I sit down to work on a single idea "in the moment" that I'm having that idea.

This has been especially useful while developing material for my now in session course on Mastering Community Building. (Find out more about it here.)

You can defrag your brain too.

Homework

Your homework, should you choose to accept it:

Read The Invention of Air.

Read Where Good Ideas Come From.

Read Steven's post on his Spark File.

Start a Spark File of your own. Write in it every day.

Read through your entire Spark File it every few weeks (but not every day) looking for links and patterns.

Note: I'm using ByWord on my iPhone and iPad because it supports Markdown & syncs withDropbox (referral link included), so I can easily edit and review from anywhere. Steven likes Google Docs, which is great so long as you're connected to internet. ByWord lets me do Spark File work offline.

Scientists Invent Method to Create Memories in Brains

2012-09-12T03:24:00.000+05:30

OMG..!!!!!

Can yyou Believe this...!!!!

I find this extremely hard to believe, but according to new research published in Nature Neuroscience, scientists have invented a method to induce memories in brains for the first time in history.

Total Recall—here we come.

The study—published by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine's Professor of Neurosciences and Physiology/Biophysics Ben Strowbridge, PhD, and MD/PhD student Robert A. Hyde—shows a method to store different types of short-term memories, which they have successfully tested in brain tissue stored in vitro.

Titled "Mnemonic Representations of Transient Stimuli and Temporal Sequences in Rodent Hippocampus In Vitro", their paper describes how they used a piece of mouse brain tissue to form the necessary circuits to record a short-term declarative memory. This type of memory can be something like names, places and events.

These neural circuits—located in the hippocampus—retained the memory from different stimuli for ten seconds. The researchers were able to observe the recording of these artificial memories by tracing the activity of the brain cells. According to Hyde, "the type of activity we triggered in isolated brain sections was similar to what other researchers have demonstrated in monkeys taught to perform short-term memory tasks. Both types of memory-related activity changes typically lasted for 5-10 seconds."

Uncanny. The rat brain in vitro was even able to remember different sequences of events.

The objective of the study is to better understand how short-term memories form in our brains. According to Doctor Strowbridge, "this is the first time anyone has found a way to store information over seconds about both temporal sequences and stimulus patterns directly in brain tissue. This paves the way for future research to identify the specific brain circuits that allow us to form short-term memories." Their research would also help in the fight against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. [Nature via Science Daily via Geekosystem]

Create your memory HERE....!!

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Ashoke Sen: India's million-dollar scientist

2012-08-30T10:55:00.001+05:30

Ashoke Sen :

India's million-dollar

scientist

Professor Ashoke Sen does not know yet what he will do with the $3m windfall

Indian scientist Ashoke Sen became a millionaire overnight when he won the $3m (£1.9m) Fundamental Physics Prize, the world's most lucrative academic award, recently. Science writer Pallava Bagla speaks to the physicist.

Ashoke Sen is a shy, reclusive Indian particle physicist working from a non-descript laboratory in the Harish-Chandra Research Institute in the not-so-happening town of Allahabad in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Yet, today he is one of the richest professors in the world, having been conferred the award which has prize money almost three times that of a Nobel Prize in Physics.

At his current monthly salary of about 150,000 rupees ($2,721; £1,742), it would have taken him about 83 years of continuous work to earn as much as that.

The new prize was set up by the Russian internet entrepreneur, Yuri Milner - some are calling it the "Russian Nobel Prize".

In its inaugural year, it has also been awarded to eight others and Prof Sen is the only Indian to bag the award along with scientists working in the US and Russia.

Prof Sen works in an esoteric branch of physics called "string theory", which he has been refining for the last two decades.

“Start Quote

This is great news for science in India”

-CNR RaoIndian PM's science adviser

It is a complex mathematical theory that hopes to explain almost everything we know about the matter and energy in the universe.

He describes the string theory as being based "on the idea that the elementary constituents of matter are not point particles, but one dimensional objects or strings. This theory automatically combines quantum mechanics, and general relativity - Einstein's theory of gravity. It also has the potential for explaining the other known forces of nature - strong, weak and electromagnetic forces".

The mathematical theory itself still cannot be proved or disproved since atom smashers like those at Cern in Geneva have still not attained the enormous energies needed to test the string theory.

'Windfall'

Prof Sen says he was "surprised" on being given the award since he had not heard about it until he received a phone call from Mr Milner. But his bank balance has suddenly swollen thanks to the phone call.

He is relishing the moment and has not thought of retiring just yet.

"It is wonderful that we have an Indian physicist getting recognised in a big way for fundamental research. This is great news for science in India," said the prime minister's science adviser CNR Rao.

Prof Sen's wife Sumathi Rao is also a physicist who works at the same institute with him and they have no children.

The professor, who is fond of walking, says he has no hobby other than cooking and he likes to make tasty fried fish for his friends and family.

For somebody working on the frontiers of knowledge, Prof Sen admits he has "absolutely no religious inclinations", though he respects all faiths.

On more earthly matters, Mr Sen says he has not thought about what he is going to do with this windfall.

But unless he or his parent institution, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), applies for a tax exemption from the government, he could end up losing as much as $1m (£638,000) of the prize money in taxes.

Ratan Kumar Sinha, a nuclear engineer and head of the DAE, says "since this is a rare recognition, we can make an attempt to get a special waiver of taxes for this award".

Ashoke Sen though says he "is happy to pay the tax that is due".

'Bright future'

Prof Sen, son of a physics teacher, was educated in the University of Calcutta before proceeding to the Stony Brook University in America.

Unlike many others, he chose to return and work in India.

So has he faced any disadvantages of working in India?

"In theoretical physics one can in principle work from any place as long as one has a computer and internet connection. So I do not find any disadvantage of being in Allahabad," he says.

His batchmate from Stony Brook and well-known theoretical physicist Rohini Godbole says she "feels on top of the world", more so because Prof Sen recently said "there are no excuses for theoretical physicists not to perform and deliver".

Ms Godbole says that Ashoke Sen has "delivered" and it proves that the particle physics community in India has really come of age.

Ashoke Sen echoes the feelings - "Indian science has a bright future," he says.

Pallava Bagla is a correspondent for Science and Science Editor for New Delhi Television

PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN.......

The Freaky Physics of Falling Slinkies, in Super Slow Motion

2012-08-28T05:16:00.005+05:30

You have to see it to believe it: Slinkies look crazy not just tumbling down stairs but in free fall. In a new video, YouTube's favorite Slow Mo Guys capture the puzzling dynamics of the iconic toy at 1,600 frames per second on a Phantom Flex camera. The video, which we discovered via the curators of awesomeness at L aughing Squid, is not the first to look at the phenomenon and the Slow Mo guys (Gavin Free and Daniel Gruchy) are willing to admit their take is not exactly super informative.

Luckily Rhett Allain, an associate professor of physics at Southeastern Louisiana University, has an in-depth look at the science at work over at Wired. He cites the YouTube series Vertiasium, which went viral with a similar falling-Slinky demo last fall. In the video below, physicist Rod Cross explains that the tension of the spring counters the pull of gravity ("equal and opposite forces"), holding the bottom end of the Slinky in place until it "gets the information that the tension has changed." By the time the bottom end of the Slinky gets the memo, the top end has fallen to meet it. What's true for Slinkies is also true in sports, including tennis rackets, according to Cross. Your hand doesn't feel the impact of a tennis racquet hitting a ball until the ball "is well on its way."

Allain takes the analysis further, modeling the Slinky in free fall by breaking it up into separate segments (top, center of mass, bottom) and graphing their positions over time. He even has a little gif demonstrating the motion. If the math is over your head, feel free to watch this Slinky strut its stuff a treadmill instead:

For more videos from the Slow Mo Guys, visit their YouTube channel.

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Neil Armstrong: The First person to walk on moon??

2012-08-28T04:25:00.001+05:30

Neil Armstrong: The First person to walk on moon??

Hello Readers , My Condolences as Armstrong landed on the moon July 20, 1969 on Apollo 11 spacecraft. He is remembered for his widely quoted remark which he made on landing: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, died Saturday 25th of August ,2012.

But some of the people ,including scientists do not believe that he was the first person to walk on moon ......and they said he never went to moon and it was a drama made by Government of America in order to pressurize other countries .For that i have gathered some of evidences.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

Issue 1 :Since the Moon has only one light source, the Sun, the shadows must be in line. But in this cases, it looks as if there are multiple light sources in moon, which is not possible.

Issue 2:The foreground of many images of the astronauts on the Moon are filled in with light, while the shadows remain absolutely black, again proving that there are multiple light sources.

Issue 3 :

There are no stars in the background from pictures taken on the Moon.

Issue 4 :
In some images, a huge light source can be seen reflected in the astronaut's visors. This has to be a very bright, nearby source. There is no possibility of external light source in moon.

Issue 5:

How could NASA take TV images of the LM ascending on Apollo 15, 16, and 17 if there was no one on the Lunar surface to man the camera?

Issue 6 :

There can't be any pictures taken on the Moon because the film would melt in the 250° temperatures. Any film exposed to 250° would indeed melt at that temperature.

Issue 7 :

The LM engine was very powerful. How come it did not leave a crater below the spacecraft? Why didn't it kick up any dust when it landed?

Issue 8:
The footprints left by the astronauts are proof that the Moon landings are fake. This one is also essentially a two pronged argument. First, the Fox show charged that the LM engine was so powerful that the upper layer of dust should have been blown away around the LM, so there should not be any footprints. Others have charged that the footprints should not be there since in the absence of water as a bonding agent, they should not maintain coherent shapes and sharp outlines.

Issue 9:

There is no dust on LM footpads. -- According to Kaysing and Fox, this is the strongest evidence that the Moon landings are faked. They allege that with the swirling dust from LM descent engine, the foot pads should be covered with dust.

Issue 10 :

The pictures below show that flags are waving. And they never will. The flag was on the airless Moon, just as we all knew.

MAY BE.......NEIL ARMSTRONG WAS NOT THE FIRST PERSON TO LAND ON MOON !!!!

Disclaimer : If any readers have any replies to any picture then do not feel hesitation in replying .May be by your explanation to any of above picture prove that "NEIL ARMSTRONG WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO LAND ON MOON"
.
Thank you

Neil Armstrong, 1930-2012: U.S. Astronaut Was First Man to Walk On the Moon

2012-08-26T09:13:00.000+05:30

(Aug. 25, 2012) — Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, has died, following complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures. He was 82.

Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo 11 Commander, inside the Lunar Module as it rests on the lunar surface after completion of his historic moonwalk. (Credit: NASA)

Armstrong's words "That is one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind," spoken on July 20, 1969, as he became the first person ever to step onto another planetary body, instantly became a part of history.

Those few words from the Sea of Tranquillity were the climactic fulfillment of the efforts and hopes of millions of people and the expenditure of billions of dollars. A plaque on one of the lander's legs that concluded "We came in peace for all mankind," further emphasized that Armstrong and fellow astronaut Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin were there as representatives of all humans.

Armstrong is survived by his wife, two sons, a stepson, a stepdaughter, 10 grandchildren, and a brother and sister.

"Neil Armstrong was a hero not just of his time, but of all time," said President Barack Obama. "Thank you, Neil, for showing us the power of one small step."

Armstrong's family released the following statement on Saturday:

"Neil Armstrong was also a reluctant American hero who always believed he was just doing his job. He served his Nation proudly, as a navy fighter pilot, test pilot, and astronaut. He also found success back home in his native Ohio in business and academia, and became a community leader in Cincinnati. ...

"While we mourn the loss of a very good man, we also celebrate his remarkable life and hope that it serves as an example to young people around the world to work hard to make their dreams come true, to be willing to explore and push the limits, and to selflessly serve a cause greater than themselves."

The family will be providing further updates at

www.neilarmstronginfo.com

"As long as there are history books, Neil Armstrong will be included in them, remembered for taking humankind's first small step on a world beyond our own," said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden.

"Besides being one of America's greatest explorers," Bolden added, "Neil carried himself with a grace and humility that was an example to us all."

Apollo 11 lunar module pilot and fellow moonwalker Buzz Aldrin on Armstrong's passing: "I am very saddened to learn of the passing of Neil Armstrong today. Neil and I trained together as technical partners but were also good friends who will always be connected through our participation in the Apollo 11 mission. Whenever I look at the moon it reminds me of the moment over four decades ago when I realized that even though we were farther away from earth than two humans had ever been, we were not alone."

Apollo 11 command module pilot Michael Collins said simply, "He was the best, and I will miss him terribly."

"The passing of Neil Armstrong has shocked all of us at the Johnson Space Center," said Center Director Michael Coats. The whole world knew Neil as the first man to step foot on the Moon, but to us he was a co-worker, a friend, and an outstanding spokesman for the Human Space Program. His quiet confidence and ability to perform under pressure set an example for all subsequent astronauts. Our role model will be missed."

"Neil Armstrong was a very personal inspiration to all of us within the astronaut office," said Bob Behnken, Chief of NASA's Astronaut Office. "His historic step onto the Moon's surface was the foundation for many of our personal dreams to become astronauts. The only thing that outshone his accomplishments was his humility about those accomplishments. We will miss him as a friend, mentor, explorer and ambassador for the American spirit of ingenuity."

Armstrong's single sentence, though it was focused above the national divisions and quarrels of Earth, still signified unquestionably the U.S. victory in the desperate space race with the Soviet Union.

Neil A. Armstrong was born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. He earned an aeronautical engineering degree from Purdue University and a master's in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California.

He was a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952. During the Korean War he flew 78 combat missions.

In 1955 he joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), NASA's predecessor, as a research pilot at Lewis Laboratory in Cleveland.

Armstrong later transferred to NACA's High Speed Flight Research Station at Edwards AFB, Calif. As project pilot, he was in the forefront of the development of many high-speed aircraft, including the X-15, which flew at 4,000 mph.

He flew more than 200 aircraft models. They included jet and rocket-powered planes, helicopters and gliders.

Armstrong was selected as an astronaut in 1962.

His first space flight was Gemini 8, which he commanded. He was the first civilian to fly a U.S. spacecraft. With fellow astronaut David R. Scott, Armstrong performed the first docking in space, with an Agena target satellite.

Less than an hour later their spacecraft began an unplanned rolling motion. After undocking, it increased to one revolution per second. One of the Gemini's 16 thrusters had stuck open because of an electrical short circuit.

Armstrong used re-entry thrusters to control the capsule, and after a 30-minute struggle, it was stabilized. Flight rules required a return to Earth after use of the re-entry thrusters, so the crewmembers fired retrorockets that sent Gemini 8 to a contingency landing zone in the Western Pacific.

The eventful flight on March 16, 1966, had taken just over 10 hours, 41 minutes.

Apollo 11 lifted off on July 16, 1969, with Armstrong, Aldrin and Mike Collins aboard. Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command module while Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the lunar module they had named Eagle to their historic landing on the moon's surface.

"Houston, Tranquillity Base here. The Eagle has landed," Armstrong said, telling a tense and waiting Earth that men had finally reached the lunar surface.

He and Aldrin spent about two hours exploring, gathering more than 50 pounds of moon rocks and setting up three scientific experiments. The next day, after 21 hours and 37 minutes on the moon, they fired Eagle's engine to begin the return to Collins and the command module.

The crew returned to Earth, landing near the USS Hornet in the Pacific after a mission of just over eight days. President Richard M. Nixon was on the aircraft carrier's deck to welcome them.

"This is the greatest week in the history of the world since the creation," Nixon told the three.

After 16 days in quarantine to protect Earth from any returned moon germs, the crew went on U.S. and international tours. Millions greeted them as heroes.

Armstrong later served as deputy associate administrator for aeronautics in the Office of Advanced Research and technology at NASA Headquarters. He resigned from the space agency in 1971. As a professor at the University of Cincinnati from 1971 to 1979, he was involved in both teaching and research.

He later went into the business world. Among other positions, he served for 10 years as chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation Inc. of Charlottesville, Va. and later as chairman of AIL Systems Inc., an electronic systems company based in Deer Park, N.Y.

Armstrong was a fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society, and an honorary fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the International Astronautical Federation.

He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He served as a member of the National Commission on Space in 1985 and 1986, and in 1985 was vice chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. He also was chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps from 1971 to 1973.

Seventeen countries decorated Armstrong. He received many special honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, NASA's Ambassador of Exploration Award, the Explorers Club Medal, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the Harmon International Aviation Trophy, the Royal Geographic Society's Gold Medal, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Gold Space Medal, the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the AIAA Astronautics Award, the Octave Chanute Award, and the John J. Montgomery Award.

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Fabulous Futuristic Liquid Watch Concept

2012-08-19T02:46:00.002+05:30

Fabulous Futuristic Liquid Watch Concept

Two bellows are used to push and drag the liquid to demonstrate the time on the scale. The Hydro by HYT uses a liquid filled chamber to show the hours using glowing green goo in a round tube. On the right is an authority reserve indicator for the automatic movement. The minutes are displayed in the middle of the features with a dedicated dial, and there is a water turbine chic supplementary seconds hand to the left of it. The movement has a power reserve of 65 hours and is noticeable through the rear of the wristwatch.

Technical Specifications of HYT:

Functions: Retrospective fluid hours, seconds and minutes.

Case: Titanium; diameter: 48.8 mm, bead blasted and satin brushed come to an end, titanium circlet guard, and width: 17.9 mm brushed, rubber clad screw-lock crown, screw-locked added lugs, and metal dome at 06:00

Crystal: Cambered azure crystal with glare proofed center, screw-down azure rear

Strap: Hand sewn leather-lined canvas, pin buckle

Other versions: Black DLC-coated titanium case, 5N 18K red bullion box.

To Watch Video Click Here...

A Review of "The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin"

2012-08-19T02:31:00.000+05:30

A Review of
"The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin"

The cover of the hardcover edition of The Trouble with Physics, by Lee Smolin

Houghton Mifflin

The Bottom Line

This book is an accessible discussion of major topics in theoretical physics and string theory, but presents a view which is certainly not the consensus among the theoretical physics community. I'd suggest reading another book on string theory and then reading Smolin's account. No one can claim to understand string theory without having read and addressed the criticisms presented by Smolin.

Pros

Provides a comprehensive look at the history and development of string theory.
Critically analyzes the failure of string theory to live up to some of the most dramatic claims.
Attacks the current funding processes and institutional biases in scientific research and academia.
Presents other areas of research that are being pursued.
The book is heavily referenced, allowing for further independent research.

Cons

Many claims made in the book are controversial.
String theorists claim a misrepresentation of their research.
Many of the alternative areas of research are still in very early stages.

Description

2006, 392 pages, 20 chapters + Notes (12 pages), Acknowledgements, Index
Review is of the paperback edition. There is also a hardback edition available.
Other books by Lee Smolin include The Life of the Cosmos and Three Roads to Quantum Gravity.
Lee Smolin is a co-inventor of loop quantum gravity.
Lee Smolin is a founding researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario.

Guide Review - The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin

Once upon a time, physicists were taking every opportunity to promote string theory as a "theory of everything." In this book, Smolin dramatically argues that string theory has failed at this goal. String theory is a useful theory but certainly not one which describes reality at a fundamental level, and he proposes searching elsewhere for a more fundamental theory.

At the center of his argument is the idea that string theory does not determine physical parameters, but allows for a vast "string theory landscape" (a phrase by string theory founder Leonard Susskind) which requires measurement of various parameters to match our universe. A fundamental theory, Smolin argues, would tell us why the universe has the parameters it does, rather than making us measure them.

Even more significant than his specific criticisms of string theory as science is his criticism of scientific research as a whole. He accuses academia of containing inherent prejudices which inhibit the introduction of new talent - especially minorities and women - into the field, and which punish new ideas and promote the status quo. String theory, as a dominant theory which has produced little, is used to present this case, but the case itself is more dramatic. In part due to string theory, Smolin feels as if the last generation of theoretical physicists - his generation - has left no lasting legacy, instead having squandered their talents on exploring string theory instead of looking into new areas.

These new areas include topics such as loop quantum gravity, deformed special relativity, modified gravity (MOG), variable speed of light (VSL), and other less-researched areas. As Smolin sees it, the emphasis on string theory has unfairly forced these theories into the background ... and he makes a strong case.

Physics by Tushar

ENGLISH MEDIUM : Standard - 11 & 12 Science Questions Bank for NEET/JEE/GUJCET/AIPMT examination.

Physics English Medium

The COW, CROW SHIT problem! by Tushar Vaghasiya

A Gujarati medium student, cracked JEE without coaching

Understanding the COOL guy Refrigerator..

Standard - 11 & 12 Science Questions Bank for NEET/JEE/GUJCET/AIPMT examination.

Physics Question Bank 2016-17

https://goo.gl/00Tmmi

Defrag Your Brain With a Spark File

\

Where Good Ideas Come From in 4 Minutes

Enter the Spark File

Your Crippling Compulsion, and the Solution

Where Better Ideas Come From

Homework

Scientists Invent Method to Create Memories in Brains

Create your memory HERE....!!

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Ashoke Sen: India's million-dollar scientist

India's million-dollar

scientist

"Who Says that B.Sc. Physics is the degree of Low Reputation??!"-Tushar Vaghasiya

PHYSICS is the only thing that gives youMONEY...REPUTATION...JOY of your JOB...-Tushar Vaghasiya

Consistency of the work can do something AMAZING..-Tushar Vaghasiya

“Start Quote

The Freaky Physics of Falling Slinkies, in Super Slow Motion

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Neil Armstrong: The First person to walk on moon??

Neil Armstrong: The First person to walk on moon??

Neil Armstrong, 1930-2012: U.S. Astronaut Was First Man to Walk On the Moon

(Aug. 25, 2012) — Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, has died, following complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures. He was 82.

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Fabulous Futuristic Liquid Watch Concept

Fabulous Futuristic Liquid Watch Concept

To Watch Video Click Here...

A Review of "The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin"

A Review of"The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin"

The Bottom Line

Pros

Cons

Description

Guide Review - The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin

SUBSCRIBE for more...
Like it..

"Who Says that B.Sc. Physics is the degree of Low Reputation??!"
-Tushar Vaghasiya

PHYSICS is the only thing that gives you
MONEY...
REPUTATION...
JOY of your JOB...
-Tushar Vaghasiya

Consistency of the work can do something AMAZING..
-Tushar Vaghasiya

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Like it..

A Review of
"The Trouble with Physics by Lee Smolin"