PHYSIOLOGY MCQs ,SEQs and REVISION

Psychiatry MCQS

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Fri, 15 Feb 2013 08:16:31 PST

Psychiatry True / False MCQs

1. In Panic disorders,

a) Presents as recurrent chest pain.

b) Commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias.

c) Effectively treated with Imipramine.

d) Can be caused by Hypothyroidism.

e) Significantly associated with Agarophobia.

2. Recognised complications of Risperidone

a) Hyperprolactinaemia

b) Weight gain

c) Tardive dyskinesia

d) Akathesia

e) Precipitation of mania

3. Dissociative disorders

a) Acute on onset

b) Neurological symptoms rare.

c) Patient consciously produce symptoms which are beneficial.

d) Fluoxetine is used to treat.

4. High suicidal intent in PCM poisoning

a) Has collected tablets over the preceding week.

b) Swallowing tablets in front of family members following an argument.

c) Seeking help after the act.

d) Giving personnel possessions to a close friend the act.

e) Denying the suicidal intent.

5. Obsessional thoughts

a) Present in normal people.

b) Best treated by reassuring patient that these thoughts are normal.

c) Best treated by Imipramine.

d) Are form of thought insertion.

e) Can lead to suicide even in the absence of depression.

6. Poor diagnostic patient interviewer includes

a) Taking notes during interview.

b) Allowing the patient to cry.

c) Closed questions.

d) Allow relative to be present.

e) Avoiding silence.

7. T/F

a) Thought stopping in treatment of patient with specific phobia.

b) Analysing dream is a key component of cognitive treatment.

c) Group therapy is effective in management of acute symptoms of psychosis.

8. Following drugs are effective as mood stabilizers in bipolar affective disorder.

a) Olanzepine

b) Lamotrigine

c) Carbamazepine

d) Lithium carbonate

e) Quetiapine

9. Regarding ECT

a) Done under GA

b) Needs muscle relaxation

c) Needs intubation

d) Needs to be connected to ventilation

e) Apply a local anaesthetic to the pads

10. Following are suggestive of Autismin a 5year old girl.

a) Wide range of play activities.

b) Poor language development.

c) Overactive when usual environment is changed.

d) Rejects when parents hug him.

c) Has good eye contact.

Surgery MCQ 2

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 06 Feb 2013 03:46:10 PST

Surgery MCQ 2

1. Regarding hand infections

a. Elevation of the hand facilitates the healing process
b. Oral antibiotics are sufficient in the initial stages
c. Mobilization of fingers should be delayed until complete resolution of infection
d. Swelling of the dorsum of the hand indicates an abscess in the dorsum
e. When the hand is splinted, the MCP joints should be maintained in flexion

2.A 65 year old man presents with severe colicky abdominal pain which is poorly localized. He had neither vomited nor passed flatus. The abdomen was mildly tender but grossly distended. The groin and external genitalia were normal. In this man,

a. Bowel obstruction is complicated by peritonitis
b. The absence of vomiting points a large bowel pathology
c. A supine X-ray of the abdomen is less useful than an erect one
d. NG suction is useful even in the absence of vomiting
e. Urgent sigmoidoscopy is indicated

3.Meckel’s diverticulum,

a. Is seen in 20% of the population
b. Is the remnant of the vitello-intestinal duct
c. Is a site for peptic ulceration
d. When inflamed, mimics acute appendicitis
e. Is premalignant

4.Characteristics associated with a better prognosis in breast carcinoma include,

a. Early menarche
b. Subareolar location
c. Lobular type histology
d. Tumour +ve axillary LNs
e. High level of hormone receptors

5. Fistula in ano,

a. Resolves spontaneously in 50% cases
b. Has an internal opening above the anorectal ring in the majority
c. Is treated by excising the fistulous tract
d. Recurrent in Crohn’s disease
e. Is caused by infection of the anal glands

6.A 55 year old women presents with a 2cm breast lump and axillary lymphadenopathy. FNAC is positive for malignant cells. There are no obvious distant metastases.

a. Lumpectomy is necessary prior to definitive therapy for breast CA
b. Breast conservation surgery is contraindicated in the presence of axillary LNs
c. Mammography is not indicated in this patient
d. She is most benefit from Tamoxifen therapy
e. Her-2/neu receptor positivity indicated a poor prognosis

7.Following are T/F regarding IC tubes in chest trauma.

a. 2nd ICS in the Midcalvicular line is the preferred site for insertion
b. It is usually inserted under local anaesthesia
c. It is the only form of treatment required in over 50% of those with pneumothorax
d. It is mandatory in the management of flail chest
e. Drainage of 100ml of blood in the first hour after insertion is an indication for emergency thoracotomy

8.USS is the preferred 1st line method (compared with X-ray, CT, Scintigraphy) of investigation of,

a. A breast lump in a 30 year old women
b. Right upper quadrant abdominal pain in a 45 year old women
c. Possible bone metastasis in a 70 year old man
d. Possible subphrenic abscess in a post operative patient
e. Suspected venous thrombosis in 60 year old with a swollen leg

9.Methods used in sterilization of surgical instruments

a. Ethylene oxide
b. Para-acetic acid
c. Chlorhexidine
d. G-rays
e. High pressure steam

10.Post operative pulmonary embolism,

a. Presents as haemoptysis
b. Can exclude if chest X-ray is normal
c. Confirmed by CT angiography
d. Can exclude if no DVT in calf veins

Surgery MCQS

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sat, 02 Feb 2013 08:22:53 PST

Surgery MCQs

True / false MCQs

1.Pulmonary atelectatsis

a. Impairs gas change
b. Predisposes to infection
c. Is a cause of post op. fever
d. Is prevented with appropriate antibiotics
e. Is unlikely if the CXR is normal

2. Post op. fluid in the surgical patient with body wt of 50 kg should

a. Include administration of 40-60 mEq of K+ in the 1st 24 hours
b. Account for insensible losses of up to 1000mls in afebrile patients
c. Include packed red cells if the hct falls below 40%
d. Provide at least 1000 kcal in the first post op day
e. Be increased if the UOP falls below 0.5 ml/kg/hr

3.A 25 year old weighing 70kgs is seen shortly after a RTA. She has abdo pain, but conscious, rational & well oriented. Examination reveals pallor, HR of 100/min, SBP of 120 mmHg. & a RR of 22/min. he has intraperitoneal blood & a ruptured spleen on imaging.

a. His vital organs are adequately perfused
b. He needs supplementary oxygen
c. He could have bled up to 1.5 l of blood
d. An arterial blood gas will show a lowered pCO2
e. Laparotomy can be delayed in view of the normal systolic pressure

4. In the early assessment & resuscitation following major trauma

a. Application of a thigh tourniquet is the initial step in the control of obvious bleeding from a leg wound
b. If the airway is patent ventilation is sufficient
c. Urinary catheterization is recommended even if the bladder is not distended
d. A soft cervical collar gives full protection in the case of cervical spine instability
e. Tension pneumothorax alone is a cause of hypotension

5. In extradural haemorrhage

a. Blood collects outside the dura mater
b. A lucid interval indicates bad prognosis
c. CT scanning of the brain is the mainstay of diagnosis
d. Bradycardia indicates raised ICP
e. Wide bore needle aspiration is effective in the majority

6.Surgical wound infection rates are greater with

a. A longer postoperative hospital stay compared with admission to hospital on the day of surgery
b. Well controlled DM compared with non-diabetic
c. Mesh repair of inguinal herniae compared with suture repair
d. Delayed 1ry closure compared with 1ry closure of contaminated wounds
e. Haemoglobin of 8g/dl compared with >10g/dl

7.The following is an ABG report in a diabetic patient on 3rd day following laparotomy for perforated bowel. This patient is febrile, confused and is breathing room air. pH 7.2 (7.35-7.45), pCO2 32mmHg (35-45), pO2 80mmHg (80-100) HCO3 20mmol/l (23-30), Base excess -4 (+/- 3). This patient,

a. Is acidotic
b. Needs supplementary oxygen
c. Requires ventilation immediately
d. Has an increased rate of breathing
e. Needs IV NaHCO3

8. Cellulitis

a. Is a spreading rather than a localized soft tissue infection
b. Is commonly polymicrobial
c. Is more common in the presence of lipodermatosclerosis
d. When recurrent, results in chronic lymphoedema
e. Is usually treated with broad spectrum antibiotics

9. The following statements are T/F

a. Short Anteroposterior diameter of the eye is a cause of myopia(short sightedness)
b. Astigmatism is corrected with spherical lenses
c. Ultrasound is used in phakoemulsification cataract surgery
d. Bitemporal hemianopia in the visual field is seen in chronic simple (open angle) glaucoma
e. High doses of broad spectrum systemic antibiotics are recommended in bacterial corneal infections

10.Regarding acute tonsillitis

a. Earache is a symptom
b. The commonest bacterial cause is haemolytic Streptococcus
c. Enlargement of the jugulodigastric lymph node is a feature
d. Due to IMN, a reduction in the absolute lymphocytic count is a feature
e. Tonsillectomy is indicated in a severe infection

MCQs for medical student

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Thu, 24 Jan 2013 04:08:38 PST

Ture or False MCQS For medical student

1.Myasthenia gravis

a.response to IV edrophonium is dramatic

b.Sensory loss in fingers and toes is characteristic

c.Symptoms worse in the morning than in the evening

d.prednisolone is effective treatment

e.Dysphagia is a presenting feature

2.MND

a.wasting of the tongue is common

b.glove and stocking type of sensory loss

c.Fatigability is a feature

d.Mem ory loss seen in elderly is a feature

e.CSF appears normal

3.Causes of diarrhea coorectly matched,

a.Rice water stool – Rota virus

b. Fat malabsorption

c. Coeliac disease- bacterial overgrowth

d. Trithuris trichuria – Blood and mucus diarrhea

e.Vipoma- secretory diarrhea

4.Which of the following one indicates to tail off atrophine in the management of a patient with Organophosphate self poisoning

a. Wet axillae

b. 110/80mmHg

c. Absence of fasciculation

d. Pulse rate of 55/min

e. No crepitations

a.methyldopa causes depression

26.In SLE

a.Generalized seizures

b.Shrinking lung

c.oesophageal motility disorders

d.Apical lung fibrosis

e.glomerulonephritis

6.Following centres are seen in hypothalamus

a.Appetite

b.Hunger

c.thirst

d.Vasomotor centre

e.Respiratory centre

7.Correct

a.SLE –Episceritis

b.Psoriasis – Rhaynods phenomina

c.Sclerodactily – Scleroderma

d.Ankylosing spodylitis – Iritis

e.Rheumatoid arthritis – Atlantoaxial subluxation

8.65years old male presented with Hb.=17.5g/dL. Causes could be

a.Renal cell carcinoma

b.COPD

c.Polycythaemia rubra vera

d.Haemochromatosis

e.Dehydration

9.Regarding characteristic features of RA,

a.Asymmetrical involvement

b.Morning stiffness

c.Onset after 65years

d.Male predominance

e.Involvement of sacrolumber spine

10.Pleural effusion characteristically blood stained in ,

a.SLE

b.Pleural TB

c.Mesothilioma

d.pulmonary embolism

e.Nephrotic syndrome

11.Correct pair

a.Mean – centre at normal distribution

b.Need number of treatment (NNT) – Clinical trial

c.Prospective study – Incidence

d.Cross sectional study - …………… prevalence

12.Complications of Staphylococcus infection

a.Lung abscess

b.Emphyema

c.Pneumothorax

d.Micrometastasis

e.Septic arthritis

13.T/F

. a Presence of splenomegaly excludes mycoplasma infection

b.Respiratory rate 40 is abnormal in new born

c. Bronchiectasis is a complication of pertusis

d.CX-ray features of Bronchitis is similar to CX-ray features of Asthma

14.Autosomal dominant inheritance

a.Haemophilia

b.Tuberous sclerosis

c.Thalassaemia

d.Vitamin D resistant rickets

Medicine MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Tue, 08 Jan 2013 09:26:17 PST

Medicine MCQs

1. Regarding Narcolepsy

a. Sleep paralysis
b. Cataplexy
c. Uncontrollable sleep episodes
d. Hypnogogig hallucinations

2. PCV

a. Measured by the capillary method is higher than the venous value.
b. Is elevated in babies borned with IUGR
c. Is a good indicator of acute blood loss.
d. Is expressed as a percentage.
e. Drops in the recovery phase of DHF

3. S. osmolality 350 (increased) and u.osmolality is 200. What may be the possibilities?

a. Cranio DI
b. Nephrogenic DI
c. DM
d. Primary polydipsia
e. CRF

4. Leukoerythroblastic response seen in

a. Severe sepsis.
b. Cytotoxic drugs.
c. Severe haemolysis.
d. Prostatic CA
e. Viral infection

5.Reconized features of Ostreoporosis

a.Cushing’s disease
b.Acromeghaly
c.Long term steroids
d.early menopause
e.Acute renal failure

6.Causes of hepatomegaly

a.Mycoplasma pneumonia
b.Dengue Haemorrhagic fever

7.Anaemia with MCV 105fl is a characteristic feature of

a.hypothyroidism
b.chronic alcoholism
c.Chronic renal disease
d.Myelodysplasia
e.Rheumatoid arthritis

8.Causes of hyperkalaemia

a.Mineralcorticoid excess
b.ACE inhibitor treatment
c.Renal failure
d.Insuilin infusion
e.Treatment with salbutamol

9.Similar features of Hantavirus and Leptospirosis

a.Myocarditis
b.history of exposure with stagnant water
c.Hepatorenal syndrome
d.No specific treatment
e.Haemorrhagic manifestations

10.T/F

a.Blood and mucus diarrhoea –Giadiasis
b.Foul smelling , bulky, frothy stools – Amoebiasis
c.E-coli – Watery diarrhea
d.Rice water stool – Rota virus
e.Blood, mucus diarrhea – Trichuris trichuria

Final MMBS Medicine MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sat, 05 Jan 2013 10:09:47 PST

Final MMBS Medicine MCQs

( True / False type )

01). True / False
a) SLE – episcleritis
b) Ankylosing spondylitis – iritis
c) Rheumatoid arthritis – Atlanto axial subluxation
d) SLE – Apical pulmonary fibrosis

02. Hypothyroidism

a) Grave’s disease when treated with Carbimazole, remission is rare.
b) Diffuse goitre is treated with subtotal thyroidectomy.
c) Radioactive Iodine is contraindicated in pregnancy.
d) Carbimazole, when given in multi nodular goitre commonly induce a remission.
e) For sub acute thyroiditis, beta blocker therapy can be used alone.

03. Following infections and carcinomas are correctly matched.

a) HIV – Kaposi’s sarcoma
b) EBV – Burkit’s lymphoma
c) CMV – Colonic carcinoma
d) Hepatitis C – Hepatocellular carcinoma
e) Helicobactor pylori – Gastric carcinoma

04. Regarding complete heart block

a). Irregular cannon a waves
b). Dissociation of waves and QRS complexes in ECG
c). Varying intensity of 1st heart sound
d). Mid diastolic murmur at apex
e). Syncopal attacks as presenting complaint

05.60 year old patient presents with right sided hemipariesis. Management of the 1st 24hr of this patient includes

a). Clopidogrel + Aspirin combination
b). Contrast enhanced CT brain
c). Phenytoin
d). 5% dextrose IV
e). ECG with rhythm strip

06. T/F Regarding portal hypertension

a). Thrombocytopenia is a common sequale
b). Extrahepatic causes are common in elderly
c). Splenomegaly is a cardinal physical sign
d). Venous hum can heard over the abdomen
e). Hepatic vein thrombosis is a cause

07. Which of the following predisposes to GORD

a). Smoking
b). Pregnancy
c). Metochlopromide
d). Systemic sclerosis
e). Achalasia cardia

08. Abnormalities seen in CRF

a). Intravascular volume contraction
b). Hyperphospatemia
c). Hyperuricaemia
d). Hypertriglyceridemia
e). Hypernatremia

09. Regarding ARF which of the following are correctly matched

a). RBC cast – AGN
b). Field full pus cells – Pyelonephritis
c). Microscopic haematuria – Leptospirosis
d). Jaundice/ bleeding tendency - Hepatorenal syndrome

10. Clinical and biochemical features of minimal change disease

a). Proteinurea >3g/24hrs
b). Gross oedema
c). Microscopic haematuria
d). High LDL cholesterol
e). Venous thrombosis

Autonomic nervous system mcqs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sun, 09 Dec 2012 02:55:18 PST

Autonomic nervous system mcqs

True / False MCQs

1. Regarding the ANS

a) Preganglionic fibers are myelinated B fibers.
b) Sympathetic post ganglionic nerves enter the spinal nerve via white ramus.
c) Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the urinary bladder travel in the 2nd to 4th sacral nerves.
d) All preganglionic fibers of the ANS are cholinergic.
e) Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system that supply the ciliary muscles of the eye are adrenergic.

2. Regarding the receptors of ANS

a) β1 receptors are present in heart muscle.
b) Stimulation of β2 receptors constricts blood vessels and skeletal muscles.
c) Ach is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic gang lion.
d) α1 receptors at sympathetic ganglions are stimulated by Ach.
e) α2 receptors are stimulated by noradrenaline.

3. Sympathetic stimulation results in

a) Pupillary constriction.
b) Sweating
c) Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
d) Contraction of blood vessels in skin.
e) Slowing of the heart rate.

4. In the autonomic nervous system

a) Efferent fibres are myelinated A type fibres.
b) Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are blocked by atropine.
c) Sympathetic stimulation slows the heart rate.
d) β1 receptors are present in the heart.
e) Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the parasympathetic ganglion.

5. Regarding α adrenergic receptors

a) Contained in smooth muscle.
b) Can be distinguished from β receptors when observed under the electron microscope.
c) Can be stimulated by adrenalin and noadrenalin.
d) In skin mediates vasoconstriction by adrenalin.
e) Consists of many subtypes.

6. Regarding sympathetic nervous system

a) Neuromuscular transmission at the heart is mediated by adrenaline.
b) Neuromuscular transmission at skin arterioles is mediated by acetylcholine.
c) Has short post ganglionic and long pre ganglionic fibres.
d) Neuroglandular transmission at sweat glands is mediated by noradrenaline.
e) Ganglionic transmission is mediated by acetylcholine.

7. Giving alpha blocking drugs

a) Increases peripheral resistance
b) Increases heart rate
c) Increases secretion of sweat glands.
d) Bronchodilation.
e) Increases contractility of the heart.

Fluid and electrolyte balance

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Thu, 06 Dec 2012 23:26:36 PST

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Body fluid and compartments

Factors affecting total body water

1) Age - with increasing age total body water level goes down
2) Gender - females have more body water than males
3) Fat content - with increasing Fat level TBW level goes down
Water Balance

Water gain = water Loss
3L/day = 3L/day
Over hydration - gain > loss
Dehydration - gain < loss

Why Infants & children more prone to dehydration

Vomiting Diarrhea ----------------------------------------- dehydrated

ECF/ ICF : Infants & Children > adults

ECF volume : Infants & Children < adults

Possibility of H2O loss : ECF > ICF

Dehydration develops

1) More rapidly & is

2) Frequently more severe in children than adults

Distribution of electrolytes

	ICF	ECF
Major Cation (+)	K⁺	Na⁺
Major anion (-)	PO₄^3- Prot^-	Cl^-

Dilution principle

1. A known amount of substances (x) introduced to the concerned body of fluid compartment & allowed to equilibrate.

2. After equilibrium is reached concentration in the sample is measured (C) volume of body fluid compartment (V) is calculated

V= x / C

Characteristics of the substances used
1. Non toxic
2. Easily measured
3. Distribution limited to the compartment
4. Mix evenly throughout the compartment
5. Not changed or lost in time taken for equilibrium to reach or amount changed or lost is known
6. Compartment should be accessible for sample collection
7. Must not have an effect on its own on body fluid distribution.

Measurement of volumes of body fluid compartments

TBW - D2O,T2O, aminopyrine

ICF - TBW-ECF

ECF - radioactive inulin(most accurate)

Mannitol

Sucrose

Radioactive Cl- / Br-

Plasma - dyes which bound to plasma proteins ,Serum albumin labeled with radioactive iodine

TBV - 100 × plasma volume / 100 – Hematocrit

RCV - TBV- plasma

RBCs tagged with 51Cr

Interstitial fluid - ECF- plasma

Dilution principle

Movement of substances across biological barriers
Mechanism

Examples

1. Diffusion Simple Facilitated	Gases O₂, CO₂ Lipid soluble substances glucose
2. Active transport І ry П ry	Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase Na⁺/glucose (SGLT)^,Na⁺/ bile salt, Co transporters
3. Filtration	Glomerular filtration
4. Osmosis
5. exocytosis	Nerve impulse transmission
6. endocytosis	Phagocytosis
7. solvent drag	Transport of nutrients RBCs in blood

Diffusion

The process by which

-a gas or -a substance in solution -expands -because of the continuous random movements of particles -to fill all of the available volume

Net flux of

-solute particles
-from areas of high

To areas of low concentrations

Factors affecting diffusion

1. Fick’s Law of diffusion
Tendency to diffuse α A × Concentration gradient (magnitude)
2. Electrical charge of the ion
3. Distance Time taken to reach Equilibrium α (diffusion distance) 2

4. Donnan effect
5. Membrane permeability

i. thickness of membrane (d) ii. lipid solubility iii. no. of protein channels per unit area

Types of diffusion

Non ionic diffusion

Net movement of undissociated substance

Donnan effect

Presence of a non diffusible ion

-on one side of a membrane-affects th -distribution -across that membrane

In a predictable manner.

Effects of Donnan’s phenomenon

1. Rupture of cells Normal cell volume & pressure depends on Na+ - K+ ATPase
2. inside of cell membrane is ( - ) charged
3. (plasma proteins) ion movement across the capillary wall

Active transport (uphill movement)

Energy required

	Іry Active	Пry Active
Energy Source	ATP (directly)	Derived from concentration gradients by 1ry Active transport
Eg:-	Na⁺K⁺ ATPase pump	Na⁺ /glucose transporter

Exocytosis & Endocytosis

Exocytosis

V – SNARE / t – SNARE proteins

↓ ↓ lock & key mechanism

On vesicle membrane

Ca⁺ dependent process

Endocytosis

Reverse of exocytosis

Types –

1. phagocytosis

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes engulf bacteria, dead tissue

2. pinocytosis

“cell drinking” - engulf substances in solution

Filtration

Movement of fluid due to difference in pressure on two sides

Amount of fluid filtered depends on
1. pressure difference on either side (∆P)
2. membrane permeability
3. surface area of membrane

Osmosis

Movement of solvent from a region of low solute [conc.] to a region of high solute [conc.] across a semi permeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure (op)

Pressure necessary to prevent migration by osmosis
Depends on no. of dissolved particles

Osmolarity - no. of osmoles per litre of solution Osmolality - no. of osmoles per kilogram of solvent
Plasma osmolality - 290 mosm/kg
Measured by - freezing point depression Calculated by -

BUN- Blood Urea Nitrogen ? Osmolarity measured increased ; calculated normal Why??
Osmolarity must have been increased due to a substance other than Na+, glucose, BUN

Tonicity

Osmolality of a solution relative to plasma
Isotonic - same as plasma Hypertonic - greater than plasma
Hypotonic - lesser than plasma

Interstitial fluid formation

Net Pressure = ↓( 37 – 1) – 25 mmHg ↑(1-17) + 25 mmHg

↓ 11 mmHg ↑9 mmHg

∆ P = ↓(11-9) mmHg

= ↓ 2 mmHg

Balance carried by lymphatics

Odema

Accumilation of interstitial fluid in bnormally large amounts.

Odema

Generalized	Localized
1. ↑ venous pressure in heart failure ↑ R atrial pressure. 2. hypoalbuminaemia + protein malnutrition +liver disease +nephritic syndrome	1. ↑ venous pressure in local obstruction 2. lymphatic obstruction -cancers -filariasis 3. ↑ capillary permeability -insect bites

Central nervous system Physiology

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sat, 17 Nov 2012 01:06:50 PST

Central nervous system Physiology

CNS MCQs ( True / False )

01. Monosynaptic reflexes include

a) Ankle reflex
b) With drawal reflex
c) Babinskyrespones
d) Mass respons
e) Triceps jerk

02. Stereognosis is lost in instances of damage to the

a) Dorsal column
b) Thalamus
c) Sensory cortex
d) Spinothalamic tract
e) Sensory supply to the hand

03. Propioceptors include

a) Joint receptors
b) Pain receptors from skin
c) Golgi tendon organ
d) Musicle spindle
e) Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

04. In the pacinian corpuscles the generator potential produce in

a) Concentric connective tissue lamella
b) 1sthode of ranrier
c) Unmialinated nerve terminals
d) Sensory nerve
e) Second node of ranvier

05. A patient with a cut injury of the right side of his spinal cord at the level of T2 is likely to have

a) Paralysis of right leg
b) Loss of pain sensation on the left side of the lower part of the body
c) Inability to localize sensory stimuli on right side
d) Absence knees jerk on left side
e) Babinski sign on the left side

06.Stimulation of the sysmpathetic nervous system cause

a) Increase Ca2+ permeability of cardiac pacemaker cells
b) Vasodialation in salivary glands
c) Increase in peripheral resistance
d) Ejaculation of semen
e) Glycogence;lysis of liver

07.Which of the following signs are seen on the right side of the body with patient damage of the cervical sympathetic trunk ?

a)Pupillary dialatation
b)Retraction of the eye ball
c)Ptosi
d)Vasodialation in the skin of the face
e)Decrease lacrimation

Renal physiology MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sat, 17 Nov 2012 01:52:01 PST

Renal physiology MCQs ( True / False )

1. Which of the following type of cell is/are seen in the glomerular filtration membrane?

a. Mesangial cells
b. Podocytes
c. JG cells
d. Pericytes
e. Capillary endothelial cells

2. Cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus includes

a. Lacis cells
b. Macula densa
c. Juxtaglomerular cells
d. Mesangial cells
e. Type 1 medullary interstitial cells

3. Which of the following kidney cells perform a secretary function?

a. I cells
b. P cells
c. JG cells
d. Type 1 medullary interstitial cells
e. Lacis cells

04. The fluid in which of the following is always hypotonic to the plasma?

a. Proximal convoluted tubules
b. Tip of the loop of henle
c. Ascending limb of the loop of henle
d. Beginning of the distal convoluted tubule
e. Distal part of the collecting duct.

05. Which of the following are components of juxtar-glomerular apparatus?

a. Afferent arteriole
b. Macula densa cells
c. Mesangeal cells
d. Lacis cells
e. Glomerular capillaries

06. What is/ are the factors that decrease GFR?

a. Hypoalbunemia
b. Contraction of mesangial cells
c. Increased volume of contractions
d. Increase afferent arteriole pressure
e. Increase efferent arteriole pressure

07. Which of the following substances filtered following completely and reabsorbed, appearance of urine is zero?

a. Na+
b. K+
c. Urea
d. Glucose
e. HCO3-

08. Renal blood flow,

a. Maintained by auto regulation
b. Decrease if the mean arterial pressure drops below 100mmHg
c. Mainly regulated by autonomic nervous system
d. More than coronary blood flow at rest
e. Measured by Creatinine clearance

09. Bicarbonate reabsorption in proximal tubule,

a. Occurs primarily in later part of the segment
b. Increase during volume contraction
c. Increase during hyperventilation
d. Is co-transport with K+
e. Increase during treatment of Acetozolamide

Endocrinology MCQs ( True / False )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Thu, 08 Nov 2012 00:28:06 PST

Endocrinology MCQs ( True / False )

01. Effect of the glucocorticoids include

a. Decrease the glucose uptake by adipose tissues
b. Decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis
c. Increase hepatic glycogen synthesis
d. Decrease protein synthesis in skeletal muscles
e. Decrease glucose uptake by skeletal muscles

02. Which of the following WBC significantly decrease after ingestion of cortisol?

a. Neutrophils
b. Lumphocytes
c. Eosinophiles
d. Basophiles
e. Monocytes

03. Which of the following instances can osteophorosis occur?

a. Menopaused women
b. Children
c. Bedridden patient
d. Astronauts
e. Cushing’s syndrome

04. Prolactin level is ,

a. Higher in female than male
b. Inhibited by dopamine
c. Increase during sucking
d. Highest in mid night
e. If excess cause amenorrhoea

05. Insulin dependent glucose absorption can be seen in,

a. Skeletal muscle
b. Kidney
c. RBC
d. Brain
e. Adipose tissue

06. Which of the following hormones is/ are responsible for the growth of a 4 year old child?

a. Estrogen
b. Adrenal androgens
c. Growth hormone
d. Thyroxin
e. Cortisol

Hematology MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sun, 04 Nov 2012 04:02:28 PST

Hematology MCQs

01. 10 year old boy found that evaluated prevented arresting bleeding after dental extraction. He has normal bleeding time,increased clotting time.what are the possible reasons?

a) Thrombocytophenia
b) Haemophilia
c) Maternal uncles with same disease
d) Defect of clotting cascade
e) Von Willibrand disease

02). 20 years old boy present with jandice present of

a) Bilirubin in the urine support the diagnosis of hepatitis
b) Urobilinogen suggest haemolytic anemia
c) Gray colour of feces suggest post hepatic jaundice
d) Anaemiac suggest bone marrow aplasia
e) Increase unconjugated bilirubin in serum suggest Gilbert disease

03). Which of the following are likely to increase hematocrit?

a). Moderate hemorrhage
b). Left to right blood shift
c). Chronic renal disease
d). Pregnancy
e). Hypoxic hypoxia

04). Which of the following can be calculated from the Hb content ant red cell count of the sample of blood?

a.) Mean corpuscular diameter
b) Mean corpuscular volume
c) Mean corpuscular content
d) Mean corpuscular concentration
e) Color index

05). Prothrombin time,

a). Assess the intrinsic pathway of clotting cascade
b). Prolong in jaundiced patients
c). Is increased by warfarin
d). Is increased by heparin
e). Is about 15 – 20 s in normal individual

06). Erythropoeisis is stimulated by,

a) G-CSF
b) GM-CSF
c) IL-1
d) M-GSF
e) IL-6

07 ) The main stimulus for the increase in RBC count in a person spending 3 weeks at a high altitude,

a) Hypoventilation
b) Low tempreture
c) High PCO2
d) Respiratory alkalosis
e) Low PO2 in atmospheric air

08) A person who has had a large portion of his stomach surgically removed is most likely to suffer from,

a) Iron deficiency aneamia
b) Pernicious anaemia
c) Haemolyticanaemia
d) Vit K deficiency
e) Protein energy deficiency

09). Which of the following is/are X-linked recessive condition,

a). Hemophilia A (classical Hemophilia)
b). Cystic fibrosis
c). Duchene’s muscular disease
d). Tay – sachs disease
e). Color blindness

Mcq on muscle physiology

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Mon, 22 Oct 2012 00:50:16 PDT

MCQ on muscle physiology

01.Which of the following are true

a) Aα -pain sensory
b) Aγ-give motor supply to the muscle spindle
c) Ia –motor supply to the extrafusal fibres
d) Ib – sensory to golgi tendon organ
e) C- faster conduction velocity

02. Acetyle choline is neurotransmitter at

a) Pregaglionic sympathetic ending
b) Post gaglionic neuron of cardiac muscle
c) Post gaglionic neuron of sweat glands
d) Post gaglionic neuron of adrenal medulla
e) Neuromuscular junction at skeletal muscle

03. Which of the following is/are competitive blocker(s) of neuromuscular junction?

a). D – tubocurarine
b). Neostigmine
c). Botulinum toxin
d). Nicotine
e). Methacholine

04. Which of the following is/are applicable to skeletal muscles?

a). Shows no plateau phase in the action potential
b). Can be tetanized
c). Spontaneous depolarization does not take place
d). Does not have intercalated discs
e). All of above

04. Which of the following does not bring about its action on the neuromuscular junction by blocking Acetylcholine receptors?

a). Non depolarizing muscle relaxant
b). Depolarizing muscle relaxant
c). Alpha bungarotoxin
d). Botulinum toxin
e). Antibodies in myasthenia gravis

05.Contractile protein in skeletal muscle include,

a)Myosin
b)Actin
c)Actinin
d)Tropomysin
e)Desmin

06.Which of the following is/are true about the membrane ATPase ?

a)It is electrogenic
b)It can be inhibited by cardiac glycoside
c)Do not contribute to the resting membrane potential
d)Maintain a low Na+ concentration inside the cell
e)It is universally present in all living cells

07.Severe diabetic mellitus patient have demyelination of nerves.Which of the following can be seen in the nerves ?

a)Low amplitude action potential
b)Reduction of conduction velocity
c)Increase in the effective membrane resistance
d)Reduction in the nerve diameter
e)Failure of conduction of nerve impulse

Physiology of swallowing

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 14 Nov 2012 10:33:09 PST

Physiology of swallowing

Chewing ( Mastication ) and Swallowing

Chewing Has two functions

1. Mixes food with saliva

Lubricate and facilitate swallowing

Expose starch in food to salivary amylase

2. Reduce the size of food particles

Facilitate swallowing

The act of chewing both voluntary an involuntary

Most of the time proceeds by the reflex actions void of conscious input
Liquids – propelled immediately from the mouth and the oropharynx and swallowed

Swallowing

Swallowing is initiated voluntarily
Occurs in 3 stages

1. Voluntary stage (oral stage )

Food bolus is propelled towards the pharynx by the tongue
Soft palate is elevated and closes off the entrance to the nasal passage

2. Pharyngeal stage

Pharyngeal stage is the beginning of involuntary reflex activity
At the start vocal cords approximate and close the glottis
Respiration is inhibited and the larynx is pulled upwards
The bolus pushes the epiglottis back over the glottis
Prevent food entering the respiratory tract

Oral stage and Pharyngeal stages are brief ( last < 1 Sec )

Stimulation of pharyngeal receptors
Carries impulse through vagaus and glossopharengial nerve
To swallowing center
Evoke a coordinated sequential output of efferent activity via the nucleus ambiguous and nuclei of 5,7,12 cranial nerves
Sequentially activates the muscles of the pharynx and esophagus
Receptors in the pharynx and oesophagus
Feedback information to the swallowing center causes further coordination of muscle contraction

2. Oesophageal stage

Commence with contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle .
This initiate a peristaltic wave that pushes the bolus into the oesophagus
Relaxation of the upper osephageal sphincter
Bolus passes down into the oesphagus
Initiates a peristaltic wave in the oesophagus
Propels the bolus into the stomach
Fuids pass down the oesophagus ahead of the peristaltic wave due to the effect gravity

Immunology MCQ ( True / False )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Fri, 19 Oct 2012 20:58:11 PDT

Immunology MCQ ( True / False )

01.Innate immunity differ from aquired immunity, that innate Immunity

a) Is more efficient
b) Short lag period
c) Involve cytokines
d) Involve complements
e) Has no memory

02.Opsonins are

a) Igm
b) IgG
c) C5b
d) C3b
e) IgA

03.Lymphocytes

a) It process IgD on its membrane
b) In peripheral blood 75% of are T lymphocytes Lymphoid cells
c) MHC molecule involve in T cell recognition
d) In volve in viral infections
e) Can be distinguished

04. Cells of the innate immunity contains,

a). Neutrophil
b). NK cells
c). T lymphocytes
d). Mast cells
e). Macrophages

05. The innate immunity differs from acquired immunity because,

a). Is quicker
b). Is effectives
c). Is specific
d). Has a memory
e). Involves cytokines

06. Mast cell,

a). Is a granulocyte
b). Surface contain IgE receptors
c). Involved in inflammatory reactions
d). Involved in natural non specific immunity
e). Involved in acquired immunity

07. Which of the following get reduced in AIDS (acquired immune deficient syndrome)?

a). T helper cells
b). Memory T cells
c). Suppressor T cells
d). B cells
e). Macrophages

08. Antigen presenting cell includes,

a) Dendritic cell in lymph node
b) Langerhan cells in the skin
c) Macropharges
d) T-cells
e) B-cells

09. Immunoglobulin found in body secrets,

a) IgA
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgD
e) IgE

Gastrointestinal system Physiology MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Tue, 16 Oct 2012 07:20:51 PDT

Gastrointestinal system Physsiology MCQs ( True / False )

1. Amino acid absorption is

a. Career mediated
b. Energy dependent
c. Closely related to the presence of Na+
d. Increase when thyroxin is administrated
e. Reduced in vitamin B6 deficiency

2. The rate of gastric emptying is

a. Delayed by fat in duodenum
b. Delayed by secretin
c. Delayed by fat in esophagus
d. Enhanced by alcohol
e. Independent from volume and types of foods ingested

3. Gastric motility,

a. Does not occur when absence of the spike potential of the gastric smooth muscle
b. Is regulated by basic electrical rhythm
c. Is depend on the volume of foods
d. Is enhanced by the fatty meal
e. Is impaired in Diabetes Mellitus

04. The basic electrical rhythm,

a) Is prominent in upper part of duodenum
b) Initiate by pacemaker cells
c) Cause the muscle contraction
d) Lowered in stomach

05. Gastrin

a) H+ in the antrum inhibit gastrin secretion
b) Stimulates insulin secretion after a carbohydrate meal
c) Resemble secretin in reaction
d) Resemble CCK in structure
e) In doses causes construction of lower esophageal sphincter

06. Regarding the secretion of saliva,

a) Secretion is always hypotonic
b) Aldesterone causes Na+ reabsorbtion in dusts
c) High Na+ concentration seen at low rate of secretion
d) Parasympathetic stimulation causes vasodilatation of the gland
e) Parotid gland is the highest contribute of the daily amount of salivary secretion

07. Constituents of the gastric juice include.

a) HCO3
b) Mucus
c) Intrinsic Factor
d) H+
e) Cl-

Renal Physiology SEQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Sat, 13 Oct 2012 04:04:43 PDT

Renal Physiology SEQs

1.1 List the factors which affect glomerular filtration rate (40)

1.2. Explain how water in the glomerular filtrate is handled by

1.2.1. The proximal tubule (20)
1.2.2. The loop of Henle (20)
1.2.3. The collecting duct (20)

2.1. Explain the role of following in the reflex control of micturition

2.1.1. The parasympathetic nerve supply (20)
2.1.2. The pudendal nerves (20)

2.2. A patient who had hypoventilation due to acute pneumonia had a blood pH of 7.33 & a plasma bicarbonate of 34.0meq/L (normal range 24.0 to 28.0 meq/L)

2.2.1. What kind of acid: base disturbance is indicated by the above findings? (20)
2.2.2. How does the kidney compensate for this? (20)

2.3. A certain substance had a plasma clearance of 70ml/min. what does this value indicate regarding the handling of the substance by the kidney? (20)

3.1 Define plasma clearance (20 marks)
3.2 A substance had a plasma clearance of 185 ml/min. What does this value indicate regarding the renal handling of this substance? (20 marks)

3.2.1The early distal tubule of the kidney is hypotonic to blood plasma. Explain this. (20 marks)
3. 2.2 Aldosterone secretion was found to increase in animals that have been deprived of salt in their diet. Explain the physiological significance of this statement

4. A 60 year old man complained to a GP that he had to get up at night to pass urine. The GP found him to be having polyuria and glycosuria due to diabetes mellitus and he was started on Tolbutamide (sulfonylurea). He was referred to a physician for further investigations, which revealed him to be having chronic renal failure due to diabetes mellitus.

4.1. What is the type of diabetes mellitus you would expect to see in this patient? (10marks)

4.1.1. From the above information, give two reasons for your answer in 1.1 (20marks)

4.1.2. Explain the basis for following findings in this patient: (70marks)

4.1.2.1. Polyuria
4.1.2.2. Glycosuria

MCQs on general physiology

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Mon, 08 Oct 2012 07:02:05 PDT

MCQs on general physiology ( true / false )

1) Which of the following factors of particles influences the Osmotic pressure,

a) Molecular weight
b) Number
c) Type
d) Chemical composition
e) Size

2) Ca+ is needed for,

a) Endocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Exocytosis
e) Opsonisation

3) Glucose transport across the cell membrane of the gut epithelium is an example of,

a) Antiport
b) Uniport
c) Symport
d) Simple diffusion
e) Facilitated diffusion

4) The content of water in man body weight,

a) 20Kg
b) 30Kg
c) 35Kg
d) 36Kg
e) 40Kg

5) Oedema could result from all except,

a) A decrease of plasma protein concentration
b) An increase of capillary permeability
c) A decrease of hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillary
d) An increase of hydrostatic pressure at the venous end of capillaries
e) Lymphatic obstruction

6) Metabolic alkalosis is seen in mellitus,

a) Paralysis of muscle of respiration
b) Severe diarrhea
c) Prolonged vomiting of gastric contents
d) Renal failure
e) Accumulatingketone bodies in diabetic mellitus

7) Urine output for hour of 10Kg baby is about,

a) 10ml to 15ml
b) 15ml to 20ml
c) 20ml to 25ml
d) 25ml to 30ml
e) 30ml to 35ml

8) 60 years old women was brought to the hospital with loss of consciousness. On investigation, she had following results

Plasma Na+=134 mmol/L
Plasma K+= 3.5mmol/L
Plasma Cl- =95 mmol/L
Plasma HCO3=7mmol/L
Plasma glucose=18mmol/L

The calculated plasma osmolality is,

a) 282 mmol/L
b) 286 mmol/L
c) 295 mmol/L
d) 300 mmol/L
e) 324mmol/L

9) Resulting membrane potential across the cell membrane is influenced by except,

a) Extracellular K+
b) Extracellular Na+
c) Extracellular Ca++
d) Intracellular Albumin
e) Intracellular PO43-

10) ACH is neurotransmitters at all the neuro endings except,

a) Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
b) Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands
c) Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to brachial small arteries
d) Preganglionic sympathetic fibers
e) Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the heart

11) When compare to the ECF,the ICF has,

a) High Na+ concentration
b) Low K+ concentration
c) Low Cl- concentration.
d) High protein concentration
e) Low Phosphate concentration

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (select the best answer )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 03 Oct 2012 06:40:34 PDT

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (select the best answer )

1) In which of the following states is plasma GH level lowest

a) Exercise in post absorptive state
b) Ingestion of glucose
c) Just before a meal
d) Starvation
e) Sleep

2) Which of the following is w/w most effective in raising the O2 consumption of a patient with primary hypothyroidism

a) Thyroxin
b) Thyroglobulin
c) TSH
d) Thyroid extract
e) T3

3) Which of the following has maximum minerelocorticoid activity?

a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Corticosterone
d) Prednisolon
e) Dexamethoxane

4) In obese middle aged people, diabetes mellitus is most likely due to

a) Insulin secretion dysfunction
b) Production of an abnormal insulin
c) Decreased number of insulin sensitive receptors
d) Excess glucocorticoid production
e) Reduced tubular maximum for glucose

Renal Physiology MCQs ( Select the best answer )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 03 Oct 2012 06:32:55 PDT

Renal Physiology MCQs ( Select the best answer )

1) Which of the following is reabsorbed maximally by the kidney under normal conditions?

a) Water
b) Na+
c) Glucose
d) Urea
e) K+

2) Which of the following substances has the highest renal clearance?

a) PAH
b) Inulin

c) Glucose
d) Na+
e) Cl-

3) Major source of NH3 in the kidney

a) Uric acid
b) Leucine
c) Glutamate
d) Glycine
e) Alanine

4) Transport maximum for glucose is closest to

a) 0
b) 125
c) 180
d) 350
e) 280

5) ADH dependent water reabsorption occurs mainly in the

a) PCT cells
b) Thin descending limb of LoH
c) Thin ascending limb of LoH
d) Thick ascending limb of LoH
e) Medullary CD

6) Plasma Cortisol is highest

a) Just after exercise
b) One hour before awakening
c) Just before lunch
d) Early evening
e) Just after going to sleep

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (True / False)

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 03 Oct 2012 06:00:40 PDT

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (True / False)

1) Which of the following WBC shows a significant decrease on administration of cortisol?

a) Neutrophils
b) Lymphocytes
c) Eosinophils
d) Basophils
e) Monocytes

2) In which of the following instances can osteoporosis occur?

a) Post menopausal women
b) Children
c) Bedridden patients
d) Astronauts
e) Cushing’s syndrome

3) Which of the following is a product of catecholamine degradation?

a) DOPA
b) Dopamine
c) Vanilylemandelic acid
d) Phenylalanine
e) Tyrosine

4) Which of the following is/are anterior pituitary hormones?

a) GH
b) TSH
c) ACTH
d) Prolactin
e) TRH

5) Which of the following inhibits GH release?

a) Exercise
b) Starvation
c) Deep sleep
d) Somatostatin
e) Testosterone

6) Which of the following act via binding directly to the receptors of the nucleus

a) Thyroxin
b) ACTH
c) LH
d) Prolactin
e) Estrogen

Renal Physiology MCQsTrue/False

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Wed, 03 Oct 2012 05:40:07 PDT

Renal Physiology MCQs True/False

1) The fluid in which of the following part of the nephron is always hypotonic to plasma?

a) The PCT
b) Tip of loop of Henle
c) Ascending limb of LoH
d) Early part of DCT
e) Medullary collecting duct

2) What are components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

a) Afferent arteriole cells
b) Macula denza
c) Lacis cells
d) Mesangial cells
e) Glomerular capillary cells

3) Regarding urinary bladder

a) Internal sphincter contains smooth muscle
b) External sphincter contains skeletal muscle
c) A cyctogram records the volume of urine
d) First reflex initiated at 400ml
e) Reflex micturition is stimulated by receptors in external sphincter

4) Regarding nephrons

a) In man 50% are cortical nephrons
b) Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle
c) Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons
d) Proximal tubule reabsorbs 65% of filtered Na+ Collecting duct is the main site of water reabsorption

5. Instances which lead to fall in GFR include

a) Constriction of afferent arteriole
b) Dehydration
c) Blood loss
d) Ureteric obstruction
e) Increases secretion of Angeotensin II

Gastrointestinal Physiology MCQs

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Tue, 16 Oct 2012 22:00:22 PDT

Gastrointestinal Physiology MCQs ( Select the best answer)

1) Which of the following has pH between 6 – 7 and a daily secretion volume of 100ml a day

a) Saliva
b) Bile
c) Gastric juices
d) Pancreatic juice
e) Intestinal juice

2) Which of the following is most important for pancreas to neutralizing chime?

a) Secretin
b) Acetyl choline
c) CCK
d) Amylase
e) Neuropeptide Y

3) Ring like contractions, with regular intervals disappear to be replaced by another such contraction

a) Migrating Motor Complex
b) Segmentation contractions
c) Basic electrical rhythm
d) Retro propulsion
e) Pendulous movement

4) Which of the following is considered the most powerful stimulation for the production of electrolyte - rich pancreatic juice

a) Secretin
b) Gastrin
c) VIP
d) CCK
e) GIP

5) What is exclusively absorbed in the ileum?

a) Glucose
b) Water
c) Folic acid
d) Bile salt
e) Alcohol

6) The pressure is least during swallowing in

a) Pharynx
b) Upper third of the esophagus
c) middle of the esophagus
d) lower of the esophagus
e) lower esophageal sphincter

7) Which of the following tract hormones is most directly concerned with mortality of the small intestine?

a) Mortilin
b) CCK
c) Gastrin
d) VIP
e) Secretine

8) Maximum secretion of CCK is by the

a) Antrum of stomach
b) Duodenum
c) Jejunum
d) Ileum
e) Colon

9) Which of the following increases maximally in pancreatic juice following the intravenous administrator of secretin?

a) Na+
b) HCO3
c) Cl-
d) K+
e) Amylase

10. Maximum endogeneous secretion of water in the body

a) Salivary gland
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Small intestine
e) Colon

Cardiovascular system MCQs ( True / False )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Tue, 09 Oct 2012 20:37:13 PDT

Cardiovascular system MCQs ( True / False )

01) Heart rate,

a) Decreases during inspiration.
b) Is about 60/min in complete heart block.
c) Increases in hypovoleamic shock.
d) Is higher at rest after cardiac transplantation.
e) Increases in obstructive jaundice.

02) Patient with congestive cardiomyopathy presents with swelling of both feet. He is detected to have anejection fraction of 30%.

a) Ejection fraction depends on end diastolic volume.
b) Ejection fraction is normal in this patient.
c) Ejection fraction is assessed by echocardiogram.
d) The oedema is due to left ventricular failure.
e) He is likely to have systolic dysfunction.

03) Systolic blood pressure,

a) Is mainly determined by total peripheral resistance.
b) Blood pressure of 180mmHg is normal in 25 year old normal individual.
c) Is expressed as mmHg in SI units.
d) Contribute to the afterload of the heart.
e) Increase with exercise.

04) Regarding coronary circulation,

a) Coronary musculature has a good anastamosissuppl in a man without ischemic heart disease.
b) 70 - 80% O2 is extracted at rest.
c) Left ventricular blood flow is more during systole than diastole.
d) Sub epicardial region is more affected by ischemia than sub endocardial region.
e) Left coronary artery occlusion causes ST elevation in Lead 1

05) Regarding cardiovascular regulation,

a) Auto regulation in the cerebral blood flow is done by baro receptor reflex.
b) Accumulation of CO2 increases cerebral blood flow.
c) Systemic blood pressure increase as a result of Cushing reflex.
d) Acute control of blood flow is mainly achieved through vasodilator substances.
e) Increase in K+ ion cause vasodilatation.

06) True of false regarding JVP tracing given below.

a) ‘ B ‘ is due to bulging of tricuspid valve.
d) ‘ A ‘ disappears in atrial fibrillation.
c) ‘ A ‘ is prominent in pulmonary hypertension.
d) Giant ‘ B ‘ is seen in comlete heart block.
e) ‘ D ‘ coincides with ventricular filling.

07) What are true or false regarding cardiac output?

a) Amount of blood pump out from the heart per beat.
b) Lower than the cardiac index.
c) Change with stature.
d) Increased with positive inotrophic agents.
e) Decreases with negative chornotrophic agents.

08) A 10 year boy presented in a hospital with a heavy blood loss and hypovolemic shock.Which of the following can be elevated in his blood at this stage?

a) Renin.
b) Anti diuretic hormone.
c) Growth hormone.
d) Aldosterone.
e) Thyroxin.

09) The following cardiac indices are from 60 year old man.

CO = 4200 ml
HR = 70 beats/min
EDV = 150 ml

The following can be concluded using above data,

a) His SV is normal.
b) His left ventricular ESV is 80 ml.
c) His ejection fraction of left ventricle is 40%.
d) He has diastolic dysfunction.
e) His heart doesn’t obey the Starling;s low.

10) Valsalvamaneuver

a) Involves inspiration against a closed glottis.
b) Results in bradycardia in stage five.
c) Is useful in the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy.

d) Is useful in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.
e) Is useful in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

11) The following is a pressure volume curve of the left ventricle in a normal person.

a) ‘ E ‘ indicates stroke volume.
b) The opening of mitral valve is at point ‘ D ‘
c) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation occurs between ‘ A ‘ and ‘ C ‘
d) Aortic valve opening at point ‘ A ‘
e) The pressure at point ‘ A ‘ is approximately 50 mmHg

12) Cardiac output ,

a) Is defined as the pump of blood from each ventricle per beat.
b) Varies with the posture.
c) Increase with elevation of afterload.
d) Increase with stimulation of parasympathetic.
e) Decrease in cardiac tamponade.

13) The following are correctly paired,

a) Diastolic murmur – Aortic regurgitation.
b) First heart sound – Opening of the mitral valve.
c) Second heart sound – Splitting during inspiration.
d) Third heart sound – Atrial contraction.
e) Absence of radial pulse – complete heart block.

Central nervous system MCQs ( Select the best answer )

noreply@blogger.com (pasindukrisantha wickramarachchi) — Mon, 01 Oct 2012 05:06:29 PDT

Central nervous system MCQs ( Select the best answer )

1) Alpha rhythm in an ECG is seen

a) In a normal adult at rest with eyes closed
b) In a man hyperventilating at 40/min
c) In a child blinking rapidly
d) In epileptic seizure
e) In sleep

2) In which of the following receptors does adaptation take place fastest?

a) Pain
b) Temperature
c) Touch
d) Stretch
e) Joint

3) Which of the following are proprioceptive receptors

a) Muscle spindle
b) Golgi tendon organ
c) Crista of semicircular canal
d) Joint capsule
e) All of the above

4) Muscle spindle (annulospiral ending) get stimulated by

a) Relaxation of the muscle
b) Relaxation of the intrafusalfibers in the muscle
c) Stretch of muscle
d) Contraction of muscle
e) Increasing α afferent discharge

5) Which of the following signs is present in a lower motor neuron lesion of the left leg

a) Positive Babinski sign
b) Wasting
c) Weakness
d) Loss of tendon reflex
e) Fassiculations

6) Which of the following is most likely to be present in disease of the basal ganglia

a) Hypotonia
b) Involuntary movements
c) Weakness
d) Loss of recent memory
e) Ataxia

7) The receptors for posture are situated in

a) Neck muscles
b) Eye
c) Pressure receptors on soles of feet
d) Labyrinth
e) All of the above

8) Which of the following muscles contain the least number of muscle fibers per motor unit

a) Extra ocular muscles
b) Calf muscles
c) Back muscles
d) Hand muscles
e) Facial muscles

9) Stretch reflex is the fastest in the body. What is the most acceptable reason for the above?

a) It is mediated by proprioceptive receptors
b) Skeletal muscle contracts faster than smooth muscle
c) It is monosynaptic
d) α motor neurons are myelinated
e) afferent nerve impulse is conducted in fast nerve fibers

10) Motor aphasia results from damage to

a) Broca’s area
b) Angular gyrus
c) Superior temporal gyrus
d) Prefrontal area
e) Wernicke’s area

PHYSIOLOGY MCQs ,SEQs and REVISION

Psychiatry MCQS

Psychiatry True / False MCQs

Surgery MCQ 2

Surgery MCQ 2

Surgery MCQS

Surgery MCQs

MCQs for medical student

Ture or False MCQS For medical student

Medicine MCQs

Medicine MCQs

Final MMBS Medicine MCQs

Final MMBS Medicine MCQs

Autonomic nervous system mcqs

Autonomic nervous system mcqs

True / False MCQs

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Factors affecting total body water

Why Infants & children more prone to dehydration

Distribution of electrolytes

Dilution principle

Movement of substances across biological barriersMechanism

Diffusion

Factors affecting diffusion

Donnan effect

Active transport (uphill movement)

Exocytosis & Endocytosis

Filtration

Osmosis

Osmotic pressure (op)

Tonicity

Interstitial fluid formation

Central nervous system Physiology

Central nervous system Physiology

Renal physiology MCQs

Renal physiology MCQs ( True / False )

Endocrinology MCQs ( True / False )

Endocrinology MCQs ( True / False )

Hematology MCQs

Hematology MCQs

Mcq on muscle physiology

MCQ on muscle physiology

Physiology of swallowing

Immunology MCQ ( True / False )

Gastrointestinal system Physiology MCQs

Renal Physiology SEQs

MCQs on general physiology

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (select the best answer )

Renal Physiology MCQs ( Select the best answer )

Endocrine Physiology MCQs (True / False)

Renal Physiology MCQsTrue/False

Gastrointestinal Physiology MCQs

Cardiovascular system MCQs ( True / False )

Central nervous system MCQs ( Select the best answer )

Movement of substances across biological barriers
Mechanism