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American Pit Bull Terrier Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Thu, 14 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

The American Pit Bull Terrier is a sturdy companion willpower. It is a breed that is loyal to his friends and family, and friendly to strangers. Under the leadership of his handler, American Pit Bull Terrier are obedient and show a high desire to please. However, if left unaddressed, they can be stubborn and may become aggressive. According to a study done by CDC, American Pit Bull Terrier for most deaths in the US among all races. In the years 1979 - 1996 60 people were killed by American Pit Bull Terrier. The next race of deaths is higher Rottweiler 29

A good education American Pit Bull Terrier must be a stable and reliable temperament. Temperament Testing Society of America shows a pass percentage of 84.3% for the American Pit Bull Terrier, a success rate of 0.2% above the commonly called "family dogs like Golden Retriever.

However, one company even hand and early obedience training is highly recommended for this breed. You have a lot of energy and high prey in general.

They need exercise and stimulation to channel their energy properly and do not get frustrated, bored and destructive.

Facts American Pit Bull Terrier

Name: American Pit Bull Terrier

Origin: North America

Group: Dog

Average size (L): 55 cm (22in)

Average Weight: 36 kg (80 lbs)

Average life: 12 years

Average litter size: 8

Type: Mastiff

Color: Black, white, tan, brown

Temperament: Stubborn still obedient

Coaching: Fixed

Special features: small and pointed ears

Horse Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Thu, 14 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Horse hoofed animals - hoofed mammals. They also have long tails, short hair, muscular torso, thick long necks and elongated heads. Through domestication, they found worldwide.

Horses have lived on Earth for 50 million years, according to the American Museum of Natural History. According to Scientific American, in North America the first horses emerged and spread to Asia and then Europe. Horse left in America was extinct about 10,000 years ago and were colonized by Europeans reintroduced.

It is believed that horses were first domesticated in Asia between 3000 and 4000 BC, according to Oklahoma State University. At that time, horses were used mainly for milk and meat. Finally, horses won out as a way to transport animals.

Size

There are over 400 different breeds of horses. Horses can be as large as 69 inches (175 centimeters) in engagement with shoulder and weigh up to 2,200 pounds. (998 kg). There are also tiny horses. Smaller breeds of horses can be (76 centimeters) engages the shoulder and weighs only 120 pounds as small as 30 inches. (54 kg), according to National Geographic.

Habitat

The horses are found in almost every country in the world and on every continent except Antarctica. For example, the Abyssinian is in Ethiopia, Budyonny comes from Russia, is Deliboz of Georgia and Armenia, came from Egypt and the Egyptian Rangerbred Colorado comes from the plains of Colorado, according to Oklahoma State University.

Habits

Horses are very social animals. They live in groups called prides. In the wild horse herds consist of three to 20 animals and be a grown man who is called to lead a horse to live, according to National Geographic are. The rest of the pack is made up of women and made her cubs.

Diet

Horses are herbivores. This means that only feed on plants. Usually eat grass horse, but domestic horses are often saved, oats, barley and hay fed well. A well-fed horse eats 1-2 percent of their body weight in fiber, such as grass or hay every day, according to the Humane Society. Domesticated horses are also given blocks salt blocks minerals and fled. This is to supplement the diet that will make the horses of their food.

Horses have a single stomach, unlike cows, and is small. So, to get enough food, every horse must grazing days.

Offspring

Horses have live births to about 11 months pregnant. Some people mistakenly call horse baby ponies. Actually descendants horse named foals. Adult horses ponies, which are shorter than 56 inches (147 cm) for Encyclopedia Britannica. Horses Shetland and Welsh are common horse races.

The colt is able to stay shortly after birth, and is mature at 3-5 years. 2 years old, male foal away from the herd driven by the stallion. Young banning together in a herd, until they find a herd of females, which may lead them.

Classification / taxonomy

According to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System is the horse taxonomy as follows:

Kingdom:

Antipode: Bilateria
Infra Kingdom: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrates
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Top class: Tetrapoda
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria
Infra: Eutheria
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genre: Equus
Species: Horse

The condition

The only truly wild horse Przewalski's horse. This horse instead of Manchuria to Spain. Reintroduced population after China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan, according to the San Diego Zoo. Currently, the Przewalski horse is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species. The population is growing, however. At last count, in 2008, there were about 2,000 Przewalski horses alive.

Other facts

Many people think that Mustangs are wild horses, but they call themselves descendants of Spanish horses, the Iberian horse. As descendants of domesticated horses, mustangs technically wild horses and wild horses are not.

The horses have four speeds called airs. Go (slow speed), jogging (slightly faster than walking), gallop (faster than a trot) and Galop (a higher gear horse).

Faroe Pony horse is the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic. It is one of the oldest breeds of horses. This breed is very rare, to the point of almost extinct.

Hungarian warm blood was bred to be a horse race sport. They are used for dressage, eventing, jumping and combined driving events used to Oklahoma State University.

Equus word comes from an ancient Greek word, such as Oklahoma State University is "speed".

Anatolian Shepherd Dog Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Wed, 13 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Anatolia was developed independently and forcefully, for guarding herds of his master, responsible and without human assistance or direction.

Anatolian shepherds, as the name suggests, occurs in the region of Sivas Kangal, Turkey. It can grow up to 240 pounds. These features make it a challenge than a pet; Owners of dogs of this breed must socialize the dogs to be in a suitable mate. They are intelligent and can learn quickly, but may choose not to obey; This is not a dog for a beginning or shy owner. They are very protective of other animals in the home, and treated as his flock.

They are also known to kill bears to protect their positions. According to Turkish fish three Anatolian Shepherd Dog is able to pass a package of five wolves and kill two of them.

Data Anatolian Shepherd Dog

Name: Anatolian Shepherd Dog

Origin: North America

Average height: 76 cm (30 inches)

Average Weight: 68 kg (150 lbs)

Average life: 13 years

Group: Protection

Color: Red, Brown, White, Cream

Average litter size: 9

Temperament: Bold, powerful and robust

Training: Should be trained from an early age and better respond to the formation of motivation, as they can be dominant and stubborn

American Foxhound Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Wed, 13 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Foxhound History and domestication

The Foxhound originates from the 1700s, when they were created in English and French Foxhounds Foxhounds of George Washington. His most notable are the ancestors but English Foxhounds, who came to North America in 1650 with the English colonists. At that time, hunters a domestic breed, having physical properties similar to the Foxhound, but one that was faster and more acute sense of smell that existing races are required. In the 17th century the most commonly used foxhound search of native was, before he later used a very effective hunter of wild animals. American Foxhounds are both held on their own and as beasts of burden, tend to groups containing between 10-20 people, mainly by hunters and farmers.

Physical characteristics foxhound

Foxhound is the largest breed of domestic dog, great with an average height of 63 cm grows. They are long and thin, easily animals, long straight legs and a tail, sharp turns upward. The Foxhound has a short coat of thick skin, the most common color is black white, brown, or beige, and are known to shed quite regularly. The Foxhound long head with big eyes and established level, which are usually brown or hazel domed. Its large pendant ears flat shape on both sides of the head, framing the face foxhound. Although the body is thinner than foxhound foxhound incredibly muscular, allowing them to pursue a prosecution with great endurance, speed and agility.

Foxhound behavior and temperament

The Foxhound has a generally loyal, sweet, loving and gentle nature, when they are at home, but like other dogs, very committed and courageous in hunting. However, it is known to be relatively stubborn, if they find a scent trail and can run very fast to give chase. Like a domestic cat, foxhound need much practice, because of its incredibly active nature and is known to get along with other races, mainly because of its history as a beast of burden. However, the Foxhound has a constant pack leaders should avoid any behavior problems that may occur. Although the Foxhound is an incredible reaction of animals, which are not known to be particularly wary of strangers, and rarely show aggressive tendencies.

Foxhound breed

The Foxhound was first bred in the 1700s by George Washington, which is believed to be a combination of English and French foxhound foxhound, each has its own desirable properties. The dogs were doing in the first place by hunters and farmers, animals and all have a strong sense of smell. Washington, however, a race that had a more acute sense of smell sense of real racing, and had incredible speed and strength is required. Since then, the Foxhound is still in the United States, but is thought to be more popular among hunters and farmers. Although they are good friends, are not particularly common animals, probably because of their high energy levels and the fact that incredibly sensitive nose can be very persistent.

Interesting Facts and Features foxhound

The Foxhound was chairman, grown after receiving a gift from a French foxhound. After both French and English Foxhounds in his diaries often appeared thinner, lighter and faster foxhound written soon after and quickly became a popular choice among dogs. Although, however, it is home to one of the few breeds of domestic animals in North America, the American Foxhound these dogs is actually now very rare, with very low levels of acceptance. The Foxhound but is loved by the owners, especially for its special bark, bark by high deep voice, followed by a shrill cry. The bark of the American Foxhound is apparently so harmonious that is published in the songs.

Foxhound facts

Name: foxhound

Origin: North America

Group: Dog

Average height (H): 63cm (25in)

Average Weight: 29kg (65 lbs)

Average life: 11 years

Average litter size 7

Type: Hound

Color: Black, white, light brown

Temperament: sweet, kind and loyal

Formation: Medium

Special Features: long legs and wide, flat ears

American Eskimo Dog Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Tue, 12 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

History and American Eskimo dog domestication

The American Eskimo Dog is a small to medium breed of domestic dog, which, despite its name, actually originated in Germany. European settlers with white versions of German Spitz arrived but after the First World War, had changed his name to avoid negative feelings towards the country at that time. Until recently, the German Spitz and American Eskimo dog that was recognized as the same breed, but is now reported separately as it really subtle differences between the two. Three different types of American Eskimo dog today that are the toy, miniature and standard versions servant. Although they differ in size, that they are almost identical in appearance and temperament.

Physical characteristics American Eskimo Dog

The American Eskimo Dog is a smaller and more compact domestic breed, with a square body and wedge shaped head. They have small pointed ears, which are almost always erect, and a generally black nose with brown eyes. One of the peculiarities of the American Eskimo Dog is beautiful skin white as snow, which is quite long in some places. The American Eskimo dog has a thick double coat consisting of a dense soft coat with long hair, thick forming the outer layer. The American Eskimo dog tail is long and curved upwards and is covered with long white feathers. They range in size from 23 cm to 43 cm, depending on the type of race (toy, miniature or standard).

American behavior and temperament of the Husky

The American Eskimo is a loving and affectionate breed, after the United States in the increasingly popular homes. They are robust and adaptable dogs, known easily live in a variety of houses and apartments. The American Eskimo dog is attentive, that there is a sharp body control as they bark to alert their owners to a stranger approaches. They are to be known for good with small children, as they are playful by nature, by nature, are always eager to please. The American Eskimo Dog is also very smart with used as a guard dog, watchdog, recognizing drugs and to perform tricks. The American Eskimo Dog thrives on human companionship, but behavioral problems can occur if you do not have a clearly dominant owner.

American Eskimo Dog Breeding

The American Eskimo dog is actually in America for hundreds of years, but it was known as white German Spitz, until the name was changed after the First World War. They were almost exclusively as a companion and guard dogs bred times, with three different sizes means that any house of any size, may already own. However, a lot of attention is needed. along with regular maintenance of her silky hair and would like to properly integrate the family. The American Eskimo dog has an average of five pups per litter and healthy individuals can be located more than 15 years old.

American Eskimo Dog Interesting Facts and Features

Despite its name, thought the American Eskimo dog that have absolutely nothing to do with the Huskies and Inuit at all. In 1913 they were renamed as the American Eskimo to avoid race discrimination because of their German origin. It is believed that the most likely reason they were called as American Eskimo, is due to his skin white as snow. The American Eskimo dog was an increasingly popular career after he made an appearance in a series of events at the Barnum and Bailey Circus. A series of tricks could, as a dance complete with music, and interact with the clowns, but it was the fact that an American Eskimo dog was the first dog, a balancing act is really a name for the breed.

American Eskimo Dog Facts

Name: American Eskimo Dog

Origin: Germany

Group: Dog

Average height (H): Average size

Average Weight: 9 kg (20 lbs)

Average length: 15

Average litter size 5

Type: Work

Color: White

Temperament: intelligent, attentive and friendly

Training: Fairly easy

Special Features: Bright ears, white skin and tips

Item: an underwater graveyard Lemur Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Mon, 11 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

A landslide in Madagascar recently unveiled its aqueous secrets. The underwater cave, located in one of the national parks of the island, contains fossil finds. The fossil creatures contain many different species including lemurs, hippos, crocodiles and cat's largest islands. Some of the fossils of animals that were made extinct a few thousand years, while other animals are on the island, living in the present. Cemetery fossil could shed light on extinction rates unprecedented affecting creatures Madagascar.

Phillip Lehman was experienced divers underwater cave in the Dominican Republic, where he lives when scanning a track on a Tsimanampetsotsa cave in the national park, which is filled with fossils. The park is located in a dry region of Madagascar. Lehman contact one of the researchers who worked with Alfred Rosenberg, a physically anthropologist at Brooklyn College, City University of New York, and the team decided to explore the sinkhole. Here's a look at the cave from above.

Swiss mountain cheese

The landscape in the Tsimanampetsotsa National Park consists of limestone, which is eaten by water made so that a Swiss-cheese-like landscape full of holes, caves and tunnels. Here a view of the water in Aven cave. Aven means sinkhole in French.

Transition zone

Divers descend about 82 feet (25 m) in water. Although the entrance of the cave is vertical, the bottom of the cave down at one point. In the transition zone, where the light disappears from the surface, the team found a treasure trove of stunning fossils.

Primate Cemetery

Although the team found fossils of many kinds, many among primates as this exquisitely preserved skull of lemur species pachylemur insignis. It is unclear exactly when these fossils were deposited, but based on when some of that is in the species became extinct cave, the oldest fossil may be a few thousand years old.

Extinct Krokodil

The team also found the fossil skeleton of an extinct crocodile named Voss robustus. Scientists do not yet understand how animals wound in the cave, but most likely not go willingly. Instead, it is likely that a series of storms, typhoons and floods swept the animals in the cave over the years. May be lurking The only animal who were in the cave was intentionally crocodile, Rosenberger said.

Giant FOSA

Here Rosenberger has the jaws of a giant trench, taken fresh water. These extinct carnivores, also known as spelea Cryptoprocta, looks a bit like a mongoose and is an animal that lives on the island. Madagascar animals in danger of extinction than lose a dizzying pace.

Extinct Pig

The lower molars and part of an African jungle jaw as Potamochoerus are known, the pit is near the Aven, but now extinct in Madagascar. Because there is an overlap in the time that some of the species became extinct, and if the people soon colonized the island around 3,000 years ago, researchers were able to begin to understand what caused the catastrophic extinction and Islands if people have nothing to do with it.

Immaculate Condition

Many of the fossils were in perfect condition, thanks to the cold, stagnant water where little live life. Here are the teeth and jaw of an extinct insignis pachylemur still in very good condition. During this fossil it is here on their own, many of the still connected bones, which means that the skull and the body of an animal are in the same region. Is much more common to establish a rule for fossils and are disjointed, Rosenberger said.

Enthusiasm Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Mon, 11 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Dog owners bond with their four-legged friends on the same hormonal pathways through which human mothers bond with their babies.

If a dog looks in the eyes of its owner, the same hormonal response that bonds mothers to their babies lights, according to a study published this week (April 16) in Science. It is the first evidence of a bond formation between the hormone of different species.

"It's an incredible discovery that suggests that dogs have kidnapped human union system," Brian Hare, an expert on dog cognition at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, who was not involved in the work, said Science.

Dogs relationship with the people has always been known for being unique. Some have attributed the long evolutionary history of humans in the Community with domestic dogs. This is undoubtedly a lot of near reach both types, but it supports precisely this clear link.

Takefumi Kikusui animal behavior Azabu University in Japan and his colleagues delved into this issue by collecting the urine of dogs and their owners before and after 30 minutes of interaction between the two. The researchers found that these dog owners couples who spent most of his time, the eyes of another experienced an increase in oxytocin, a hormone known to affect maternal attachment in humans. Dogs that spend the most time, making eye contact had a 130 percent increase in oxytocin, while their owners had a protuberance 300 percent. Canines who spent very little time, eye contact with their owners know no increase in oxytocin. Moreover, administration of oxytocin through a nasal spray females increased the amount of time spent in the eyes of their owners.

"The neural present in all species of mammals mechanisms to promote mother-child bonding also been adjusted to regulate the union between colleagues," Larry Young at Emory University who was not involved in the study, said Smithsonian Magazine. "Our work in voles is an example. Oxytocin promotes pair bonding between monogamous partners. So it makes sense that the same mechanism could be formed during the co-evolution of species in which it occurs between binding species. "

Lemur cemetery underwater cave discovered in Madagascar Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Sun, 10 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

An underwater cave in Madagascar has revealed hundreds of fossils of an extinct lemur, possibly washed in case of storms underground for thousands of years.

The Lemur cemetery also contained fossils of a group of extinct animals, including primates, hippos, crocodiles and the largest cat on the island. The landslide, where the bones were found to be retained by a few thousand years, the fossils, said Alfred Rosenberger, an anthropologist at Brooklyn College, City University of New York, who led the team.

"It's a reasonable condition understatement," said Rosenberger Live Science. "The skull and jaws are practically complete and very often even without damage. So let's bring 12 skulls of some kind, and they are absolutely perfect."

It is not clear how they got the animals in the watery grave, but one possibility is that animals during hurricane season or a flash flood swept under water, Rosenberger said.

Trenches

Subsidence can often unprecedented look into the past, because the water still cold protects the bones from the ravages of bacteria, wind and waves, Rosenberger said. He and a team of divers underwater cave were exploring caves in the Dominican Republic when the lead diver, Phillip Lehman, has advice on a sink in the Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, an arid region with seasonal storms in Madagascar, whose limestone rocks have been removed ate water and wind over time, so that a landscape of caves and tunnels similar to Swiss cheese.

To see what was inside, a group of divers traveled 82 feet (25 meters) below the water surface in a vertical well, called Aven (the "sink" means in French). In the transition zone, where to express the watercourses in low light the dark, the team found hundreds of animal bones of dozens of species.

Since cave diving is very dangerous and requires strict safety protocols, and divers can only be under water for a few hours, the team was not able to ignore completely the fossils. But what they found was stunning.

Menagerie of creatures

Many of the fossils belonged to an extinct lemur researchers as pachylemur insignis tentatively identified. Four fossils belonged big cats such as the massive, extinct cat Cryptoprocta spelea. The oldest fossils of cave animals that died a few thousands of years, while others came from a rodent still alive who was introduced to the island by humans, came Rosenberger said.

It remains a mystery how the animals stop there. Unlike other caves, animals, except maybe the crocodile, probably unknown in the sump, Rosenberger said.

"To not live underground, they do not underground shelter. It is highly unlikely that the enormous accumulation of bones could have been because the animals did not stumble" lemurs, Rosenberger said.

Instead, it is possible that a number of events, such as floods or hurricanes that swept the animals over time, said Rosenberger. The presence of stalagmites formed from the drip drip steady trickle of mineral-rich water from the roof to the floor of the cave, the cave suggests once was dry, and would have no land on which water could land, Rosenberger said, By data the thorium and uranium isotopes, or elements with different numbers of neutrons, the researchers were able to determine when there was a lot of flooding, the researchers reported in the article, which was published in the edition of April issue of the Journal of Human Evolution,

Rapid extinction

Since many of the fossils found in the researchers may soon be able to get the fossils come to help them determine if some of these historic creatures became extinct

This could also light on one of the most pressing problems of the island.

"We are the animals of Madagascar at an enormous rate lost to extinction," Rosenberger said.

Humans first colonized the island around 3,000 years ago, and if some of these fossils were deposited overlap, so the cave could help determine if the man played a major role in the extinction crisis of the islands, Rosenberger said.

Elusive Tiger in bright Sibirische captured images (photos) Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Sat, 09 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Most people think the tiger as real animals creep through subtropical forest steaming against the background cacophony of screeching monkeys and barking deer. But these cats live in the snowy lands of the Russian Far East. They are also known as the Amur tiger, since there are no tigers in Siberia; Russian tigers live in the basin of the Amur, therefore, the Amur tiger and hunt deer and wild boar in the forests of oak not very different from those of the northeastern United States. And in the fall, orange coats this tiger 'mixed with fall colors to be almost invisible to prying eyes.

Camouflage and stealth are not the only reasons, Amur tiger are hard to find: These cats have areas 20 times larger than that of the tigers live in Southeast Asia. One male Amur perhaps a territory of 500 square miles (1,295 square kilometers) in size. That's because there are far fewer prisoners in Russia more severe weather in the jungle, so Tiger should go much further to find and kill enough prey to survive. So, as their camouflage and rare Amur tiger they are almost impossible to see.

The Tigers were nearly extinct in the wild. Fortunately, joint efforts of Soviet scientists dedicated and visionary staff in the middle of the last century bore fruit, and today Russia is the only range State to demonstrate a recovery of the tiger population. Hundreds of cats roam the forest now that 70 years ago there were only a few dozen.

These images celebrate Amur tigers and their habitat: That these temperate forests of the Russian Far East forever disturbing echoes the cries of these amazing animals.

In New York, called the Amur tiger Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx Zoo home. They are living an important role as representatives of their wild relatives Tiger Mountain, where they play.

Fallen for the Tigers

With skin the color of a warm autumn afternoon Amur tigers are known for their strength and beauty. The black stripes on their coats are unique to each cat.

Tigers temperate forest

Oak, maple and pine peer over a cliff into the sea of Japan in the nature reserve Lazovskii in southern Russian Far East. Amur tiger sika deer here enjoying hunting, wild boar and even seals.

A shelter for eternity

The colors and patterns of the Amur tiger coats for animals smoothly into the surrounding countryside. The skin of these layers is also longer and denser layers of other subspecies of tiger that can withstand the harsh Russian winter on grass carp.

A cat that likes to swim

Amur tigers enjoy the water, not a common love for cats. These tigers swim and splash in the water, sometimes above the wide river Amur, which forms the border between the Russian Far East and northeastern China.

Raspberry Pass

A layer of fresh snow Malinovii ("raspberry") Run. At the edge of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve in Primorye, Russia This reserve is the largest single protected area of the Amur tiger in the world.

Kleine cubs, big cats

Amur tiger cubs learn to hunt around 18 months, and stay with their mothers until they reach the age of 2 or 3 Amur tigers are among the largest cats in the world. Although puppies are small at birth and weigh only a few pounds, adults in the wild weigh between 250 and 500 pounds. (113-227 kg).

Chain of command

Rolling hills of oak with pine in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve dotted mean one thing: outstanding boar habitat. These animals survive the winter due to the abundance of acorns and pine nuts in these forests, and this in turn ensures the survival of the Amur tiger.

Let It Snow

Amur tiger paws are big. A male measures about 5 inches (13 centimeters) wide, with a capacity to navigate the snowy slopes of the house of the beast.

Follow the steps

Traces of a large male Amur tiger appeared overnight along the forest road south of the Russian Far East. Given the depth of snow on the region during the winter, Tiger often roads as travel corridors, which exposes them to the risk of strikes or poaching vehicles.

Giant whales mouths have only stretch nerves Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Sat, 09 May 2015 03:22:00 +0000

Develop newly discovered nerve in the mouths of the great whales it can almost doubled in length and back like a rubber rope. These elastic nerves could explain how whales are able to eat by mouth of the globe during the dive.

The researchers found that surprisingly resilient nerves after collecting samples from a station commercial whaling in Iceland.

"This discovery was completely unexpected and unlike other neural structures in vertebrates us who have seen of a fixed length," said Wayne Vogl, Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of British Columbia in Canada.

Minke whales the largest group of baleen whales, tipping the scales at 40-80 tons. They feed on the mouth of the globe, capturing prey and water then filtering slowly through your call beards. The volume of water brought by a train may even exceed the size of Wales.

They are "unsurpassed by any vertebrate is still alive," said study co-author Nicholas Pyenson, curator of fossil marine mammals at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian in Washington, DC "It really is a very interesting question, as soon as Animals get you this scale, how this really gets nervous system upright "?

The findings may also shed light on huge extinct animals such as dinosaurs, according to researchers.

But much of minke whales remains a mystery. The distance in the ocean waters which makes it extremely difficult to study them. Occasionally, scientists get their hands on the whales, which have been on the beach, but then you probably already decayed tissue, Pyenson said. Even whales in captivity are less than ideal. More often than not, these whales are healthy and not a typical example.

"They live 99 percent of their lives away from the tools of human research," said Pyenson Live Science. "So the question is: How are we going to be able to be learning more about them?"

Vogl, Pyenson and his colleagues had a unique opportunity to lose one of the last station of whaling in Iceland. There tissue samples (less than 24 hours old) were to collect a dozen whales from the harpoon. "With every channel we investigate, we find something new," Pyenson said.

When researchers first whales seemed gigantic nerve, no one was sure what he or she looked. Due to its ductility, he saw the nerves of blood vessels at first. In fact, it took years of research of the samples under a microscope before the puzzle finally came together.

Next, the team plans to look at animals genetically fin whales and other animals of similar size. Pyenson neck also particularly interested in the study and long-tailed dinosaurs, known as sauropods. He hopes that a better understanding of the nervous system in the huge whales light on how the nervous one sauropods have shed dripped from his chest, over his 50 meters long (15 meters) from the neck to the head.

Brains of 500 million years old, von 'Sea Monsters' Get genauer Blick Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Fri, 08 May 2015 03:15:00 +0000

The brilliant brains of two old fossilized sea monster like creatures help to understand how the ancestors of the modern arthropods such as scorpions and locusts, designed as shown in a recent study by researchers.

The new research focuses on an oval structure called the anterior sclerite, which is in the mind of the ancient arthropods. Sclerite Front has long puzzled researchers, especially since some prehistoric arthropods have, some not, and the situation changes in the head, depending on the quality of the fossils.

But now, the petrified brains have helped solve the mystery. An analysis of the front escleritos Two fossils of arthropods, both more than 500 million years indicates that the structures were connected to the creatures eyes bulging. The results show that these oval structures were connected to nerves originating in the front of the brain according to the study.

"We can say," Ah-ha, that sclerite come forward, is the largest front of the brain - the former 'brain, "said researcher Javier Ortega-Hernandez, researcher at Paleobiology at the University of Cambridge in the United together.

Cambrian creatures

Fossilized brains are rare but not unknown in the fossil record. Since 2011, researchers have about a study on samples that fossilized incredible nerve tissue, including a 520 million years in China arthropods found published.

Brains fossilize only if the conditions are right, Ortega said Hernandez Live Science. For example, when conditions suddenly poor in oxygen of an animal, which are rich in certain minerals buried, like carbon, nerve tissue fossilize have a chance, where Ortega-Hernandez.

In the new study, the study of Ortega-Hernandez two fossils have been discovered in British Columbia Burgess Shale in the 20th century Fossils are close from 500 million to 510 million years old, which means that the animals lived during the Middle Cambrian. The samples are housed in a collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC

One sample, Helmetia expansa, is a soft-bodied arthropods trilobites type, Ortega-Hernandez said. The other arthropods, higher odaraia alata, is like a submarine as he said.

"We know from the fossil record, which are the earliest ancestors of soft-bodied arthropods. They look a bit like worms with legs," Ortega-Hernandez said. "But then, at some point in time we begin to see the arthropods that occur much more known. They have these joint skeleton.

"The question is how something that looks nothing arthropods in something that looks a lot like the back arthropods?"

It turns out that, "we can begin to save, how these two different organizations of the body are actually part of a continuum" "by understanding the organization of the region of the head," or the previous sclerite, Ortega-Hernandez said.

Living arthropods do not have a front sclerite hitting the heads of arthropods changed over time, experts say.

"This suggests that the anterior sclerite lost or merged in the shield head arthropods living was" David Legg, said an investigator with experience in the early evolution of arthropods and phylogenetic at the Museum of the University of Oxford History Natural in the UK, who was not involved in the study.

"This helps to determine the use to segment the other segments of the rear head included, which allows us to compare these fossils and recent arthropods and processes developed for a better understanding of the relationships and how" he said.

In addition, the study will help to close two seemingly unrelated neurology and Paleontology, said Greg Edgecombe, an evolution of arthropods investigator Natural History Museum, London, who was not involved in the study areas.

American Cocker Spaniel Facts Review

noreply@blogger.com (Ratna Kusumawardani) — Wed, 06 May 2015 07:00:00 +0000

Cocker Spaniel History and domestication

The Cocker Spaniel is a small, friendly dogs that were originally bred as hunting and hunting dog. The Cocker Spaniel is the progenitor of the American Cocker Spaniel and is believed to be reached as early as in the 14th century in North America. They were for hunting, tracking and have been bred as a guard dog, but in the 19th century, who want a smaller version of the English Cocker Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel was found today. Although the two were originally only in different sizes, over the years, began very different characteristics that lead to its offer as separate races 1945. Today, the American Cocker Spaniel is the smallest hunting dog and is also one of the Most of the most popular dogs in America.

American cocker spaniel Physical Characteristics

The Cocker Spaniel is a small, compact dog, known for his patience and flexibility to wash game (especially birds). Like other spaniels, the mouth of the American Cocker Spaniel is gentle and quiet, which is perfect for retrieving game birds without them more harm. One of the peculiarities of the English Cocker Spaniel is its rounded head, with long, soft ears falling on both sides. The layer of American Cocker Spaniel is a half long, thick and is known for its softness. His silky coat comes in a variety of colors depending on the bloodline and requires daily care to avoid tangles, especially around the feet.

Behavior and temperament American Cocker Spaniel

The Cocker Spaniel is a loyal and excitable breed that has a cheerful temperament and generally trusting. They are always willing to please their owners and are known to be the two dogs of cooperation and pretty smart, listen, understand and obey orders, but are also known to be stubborn occasionally. His gentle, obedient and affectionate nature means they often respond well as a pet, and interact well with children and other animals. They are known to be happy and joyful for most of the time and love to his wild chase instinct to run, swim and retrieve toys.

American Cocker Spaniel breed

The Cocker Spaniel was originally bred by the Cocker Spaniel, to produce the same race, but a little smaller. This meant that the Cocker Spaniel was the perfect size for rinsing small game birds such as quail and woodcock of hiding easily. Today it is one of the Cocker Spaniel of the most remarkable of his silky coat of feathers characteristics is the most prominent in his long, leave the ears and around his feet. Although still often used as hunting and hunting dogs, most of the show and society are maintained and are now one of the most popular breeds in America for pets.

Cocker Spaniel Interesting Facts and Features

Despite a number of variations within the breed Cocker Spaniel it is known, and its original series and hunting is often said that a great love for toys have is that they often have hidden or destroyed everything for more antique toys, just to get a new one. They are, however, a number of health problems, including general life-threatening IMHA (immune mediated hemolytic anemia). American Cocker Spaniels are also prone to a number of both diseases of the ear and eye, but can be much easier to deal with as a rule.

Facts American Cocker Spaniel

Name: American Cocker Spaniel

Origin: North America

Group: Dog

Average height: 38 cm (15 inches)

Average Weight: 12.7kg (28 pounds)

Average life: 15 years

Average litter size: 4

Type: Gun dog

Color: white, black, brown, beige, gray, red, light brown

Temperament: friendly, happy and excited

Training: Easy

Special Features: long, feathered ears and feet fell