POLITICS HUMAN RIGHTS

2010-03-20T11:36:00.000-07:00

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1.POLITICAL SCIENCE
2.GOVERNMENT TYPES
3.GOOD GOVERNANCE
4.HUMAN RIGHTS
5.FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
6.PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
7.INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL NEWS
8.POLITICAL VICTIMIZATION/OPPRESSION

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. It is often described as the pragmatic application of the art and science of politics defined as "who gets what, when and how", leaving out of the picture most of the "why". Political science has several subfields, including: political theory, public policy, national politics, international relations, and comparative politics.
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Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in other group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. It consists of social relations involving authority or power.
Political science is methodologically diverse, to the discipline include classical political philosophy, positivism, interpretivism, structuralism, and behavioralism, realism, pluralism, and institutionalism. Political science, as one of the social sciences, uses methods and techniques that relate to the kinds of inquiries sought: primary sources such as historical documents and official.

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We are all familiar with the term "democracy." If you were asked to define the term, you might make a statement like the following: "Democracy is government by the people." You would, of course, be correct--democracy is government by the people. But, in order to evaluate whether or not a particular government is fully democratic or is more or less democratic when compared with other governments, we would need to have more precise criteria with which to measure or assess democracy. Most political scientists agree that these criteria should include the following rights and freedoms for citizens:

Freedom to form and join organizations
Freedom of expression
Right to vote
Eligibility for public office
Right of political leaders to compete for support
Right of political leaders to compete for votes
Alternative sources of information
Free and fair elections
Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference
By adopting these nine criteria, we now have a definition that will allow us to measure democracy. Thus, if you want to determine whether or not Brazil is more democratic than Sweden, you can evaluate each country in terms of the degree to which they fulfill the above criteria.
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GOVERNMENT TYPES
Communist state
Confederation
Socialism
Democracy
Dictatorship
Royal-Kingdom
Military

Dictatorship

Form of government in which one person or an oligarchy possesses absolute power without effective constitutional checks. With constitutional democracy, it is one of the two chief forms of government in use today. Modern dictators usually use force or fraud to gain power and then keep it through intimidation, terror, suppression of civil liberties, and control of the mass media. In 20th-century Latin America, nationalist leaders often achieved power through the military and attempted either to maintain the privileged elite or to institute far-reaching social reform, depending on their class sympathies. In Europe's communist and fascist dictatorships, a charismatic leader of a mass party used an official ideology to maintain his regime, and terror and propaganda to suppress opposition. In postcolonial Africa and Asia, dictators have often retained power by establishing one-party rule after a military takeover.