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  <title>Le blog de Polyscopique</title>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/" />
  <modified>2006-12-26T01:26:38Z</modified>
  <tagline>100% pur boeuf canadien</tagline>
  <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2008:/blog//1</id>
  <generator url="http://www.movabletype.org/" version="3.2">Movable Type</generator>
  <copyright>Copyright (c) 2006, Laurent</copyright>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Joyeux No&euml;l!]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001035.html" />
    <modified>2006-12-26T01:26:38Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-12-25T19:59:25-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1035</id>
    <created>2006-12-26T00:59:25Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[Are you a Member of Qu&eacute;bec's National Assembly? In this era of reasonable accomodations for religious minorities, do you wonder if you should wish Quebecers a "Merry Christmas" or "Happy Holidays" in your last speech of the year in the...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Humour</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">Are you a Member of Qu&eacute;bec's National Assembly? In this era of reasonable accomodations for religious minorities, do you wonder if you should wish Quebecers <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/12/20061215-054602.html">a "Merry Christmas" or "Happy Holidays"</a> in your last speech of the year in the National Assembly? Then, here is your Christmas present: a handy guide of parliamentary precedents, listing for each year the MNAs who wished Quebecers a Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, or both:</td><td class="EngFr">&Ecirc;tes-vous un d&eacute;put&eacute; si&eacute;geant &agrave; l'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale? Dans cette &egrave;re d'accomodements raisonnables pour les minorit&eacute;s religieuses, vous demandez-vous si vous devez souhaiter aux Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/12/20061215-054602.html">un "Joyeux No&euml;l" ou de "Joyeuses F&ecirc;tes"</a> dans votre dernier discours de l'ann&eacute;e &agrave; l'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale? Alors, voici votre cadeau de No&euml;l: un guide pratique de pr&eacute;c&eacute;dents parlementaires, indiquant pour chaque ann&eacute;e les d&eacute;put&eacute;s qui ont souhait&eacute; aux Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois un Joyeux No&euml;l, de Joyeuses F&ecirc;tes, ou les deux &agrave; la fois:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table border="1"><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th colspan="2">Joyeux No&euml;l (Merry Christmas)</th><th colspan="2">Joyeuses F&ecirc;tes (Happy Holidays)</th></tr><tr><th>1993</th><td>Jean-Pierre Saintonge&nbsp;(PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">Guy Chevrette&nbsp;(PQ)</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>1994</th><td>Jacques Chagnon&nbsp;(PLQ), Daniel Johnson&nbsp;(PLQ), Guy Chevrette&nbsp;(PQ), Jean-Pierre Saintonge&nbsp;(PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>1995</th><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">Guy Chevrette&nbsp;(PQ)</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>1996</th><td>Une voix (A voice)</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><th>1997</th><td>Lucien Bouchard&nbsp;(PQ), Jean-Claude Gob&eacute;&nbsp;(PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>Norman MacMillan&nbsp;(PLQ), Jean-Pierre Charbonneau&nbsp;(PQ)</td></tr><tr><th>1998</th><td colspan="4">Dissolution de l'Assembl&eacute;e nationale le 28 octobre 1998 (&eacute;lections g&eacute;n&eacute;rales) &mdash; The National Assembly was dissolved on October 28, 1998 (general elections)</td></tr><tr><th>1999</th><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>Jean-Pierre Charbonneau&nbsp;(PQ), Diane Leblanc&nbsp;(PLQ), Jacques Brassard&nbsp;(PQ), Pierre Paradis (PLQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2000</th><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>Jean-Pierre Charbonneau (PQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2001</th><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">Mario Dumont (ADQ)</td><td>Jean Charest (PLQ), Jean-Pierre Charbonneau (PQ), Jacques Brassard (PQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2002</th><td>Bernard Landry (PQ), Geoffrey Kelley (PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">Mario Dumont (ADQ)</td><td>Jean-Marc Fournier (PLQ), Fran&ccedil;ois Beaulne (PQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2003</th><td>Michel Bissonnet (PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">Bernard Landry&nbsp;(PQ), Marc Picard&nbsp;(ADQ)</td><td>Jean Charest&nbsp;(PLQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2004</th><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">Michel Bissonnet&nbsp;(PLQ)</td><td>Jean Charest&nbsp;(PLQ), Mario Dumont&nbsp;(ADQ), Daniel Bernard&nbsp;(PLQ)</td></tr><tr><th>2005</th><td>Maxime Arseneau&nbsp;(PQ), Jacques Chagnon&nbsp;(PLQ), Michel Bissonnet&nbsp;(PLQ), Diane Leblanc&nbsp;(PLQ)</td><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td><td>St&eacute;phane B&eacute;dard&nbsp;(PQ)</td></tr><tr><th width="10%">2006</th><td width="30%">Elsie Lefebvre&nbsp;(PQ)</td><td colspan="2" width="30%">Mario Dumont&nbsp;(ADQ), Normand Jutras&nbsp;(PQ)</td><td width="30%">Andr&eacute; Boisclair&nbsp;(PQ), Diane Leblanc&nbsp;(PLQ)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Source: 

<p>D&eacute;bats de l'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-34leg2se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/931216.htm">16 d&eacute;cembre 1993</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-35leg1se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/941220.htm">20 d&eacute;cembre 1994</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-35leg1se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/941221.htm">21 d&eacute;cembre 1994</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-35leg1se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/951215.htm">15 d&eacute;cembre 1995</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Archives-35leg2se/fra/Publications/debats/JOURNAL/CH/961218.htm">18 d&eacute;cembre 1996</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Archives-35leg2se/fra/Publications/debats/JOURNAL/CH/971217.htm">16 d&eacute;cembre 1997</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Archives-35leg2se/fra/Publications/debats/JOURNAL/CH/971219.htm">19 d&eacute;cembre 1997</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-36leg1se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/991217.htm">17 d&eacute;cembre 1999</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/archives-36leg1se/fra/Publications/debats/journal/ch/001220.htm">20 d&eacute;cembre 2000</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/publications/debats/journal/ch/011219.htm">19 d&eacute;cembre 2001</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/publications/debats/journal/ch/021218.htm">18 d&eacute;cembre 2002</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/publications/debats/journal/ch/021219.htm">19 d&eacute;cembre 2002</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/FRA/37legislature1/Debats/journal/ch/031218.htm">18 d&eacute;cembre 2003</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/37legislature1/debats/journal/ch/041216.htm">16 d&eacute;cembre 2004</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/FRA/37legislature1/Debats/journal/ch/051213.htm">13 d&eacute;cembre 2005</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/37legislature1/Debats/journal/ch/051214.htm">14 d&eacute;cembre 2005</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/37legislature1/Debats/journal/ch/051215.htm">15 d&eacute;cembre 2005</a>, <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/37legislature2/Debats/journal/ch/061214.htm">14 d&eacute;cembre 2006</a></td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Mise &agrave; jour du blogroll]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001034.html" />
    <modified>2006-12-11T05:17:30Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-12-10T23:55:32-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1034</id>
    <created>2006-12-11T04:55:32Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[As you may have noticed, this blog has been inactive during the last months, among other things because of a lack of time. In the meanwhile, the following Qu&eacute;bec blogs have been added to my blogroll:Comme vous l'avez peut-&ecirc;tre remarqu&eacute;,...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Annonces</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">As you may have noticed, this blog has been inactive during the last months, among other things because of a lack of time. In the meanwhile, the following Qu&eacute;bec blogs have been added to my blogroll:</td><td class="EngFr">Comme vous l'avez peut-&ecirc;tre remarqu&eacute;, ce blogue a &eacute;t&eacute; inactif au cours des derniers mois, entre autres &agrave; cause d'un manque de temps. En attendant, les blogues qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois suivants ont &eacute;t&eacute; ajout&eacute;s &agrave; mon blogroll:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">

<p><a href="http://davidchretien.blogspot.com/">David Chr�tien</a><br />
<a href="http://bryanbreguet.blogspot.com/">De gauche &agrave; droite</a><br />
<a href="http://quebecrevise.blogspot.com/">Le Qu&eacute;bec r&eacute;vis&eacute;</a><br />
<a href="http://misterpi.blogspot.com/">Le surfeur autonome</a><br />
<a href="http://forums.lactualite.com/advansis/?mod=for&act=dis&eid=3">Pierre Duhamel</a></td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Un peu de judo</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001033.html" />
    <modified>2006-07-18T05:17:30Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-07-18T00:13:48-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1033</id>
    <created>2006-07-18T05:13:48Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain">It is well known that the principle of judo is to use the strength and momentum of your opponent against him. We saw last week two dramatic examples of judo in a figurative sense. During the second overtime of the...</summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Sports</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">It is well known that the principle of judo is to use the strength and momentum of your opponent against him. We saw last week two dramatic examples of judo in a figurative sense.

<p>During the second overtime of the soccer World Cup final match, Italian defender Marco Materazzi apparently threw some insults worthy of junior high school yard taunts to star French offensive midfielder Zinedine Zidane. It is not rare for sports players to resort to these kind of tactics in order to make their opponents lose their focus and concentration. But Zidane's reaction went beyond that. He hit Materazzi with a <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81Z_pNWjQbE">magnificient headbutt</a> and was expelled from the match, leaving his team to play the final stretch short of its best player. While Materazzi's stature has not been increased by this incident, Zidane's strength and his overwillingness to use it clearly backfired on him and on his team.</p>

<p>There was another example of overreaction last week on Qu&eacute;bec's political scene. In answer to an interviewer on international francophone television station TV5 who stated that Qu&eacute;bec had the means to become independent, Qu&eacute;bec Premier Jean Charest <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/07/20060707-144410.html">said</a> that while it would be feasible, it wouldn't be in Quebecers' interest. This was a quite typical Qu&eacute;bec federalist argument. But PQ leaders such as Andr&eacute; Boisclair and Bernard Landry cherry-picked Charest's words that independence would be feasible and they spent the week declaring their triumph and doing victory dances. In doing so, they fell in Charest's trap, no matter whether he had set it up intentionally or not.</p>

<p>By making Charest's words the issue, they gave him a stage from which he could repeat his complete words and precise them, and Charest used it to make the very obvious point that <a href="http://www.vigile.net/spip/vigile1154.html">not all feasible things are desirable</a>. Furthermore, Boisclair's reaction ruined the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois' pre-electoral strategy, which had been to <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/archives/LeDevoir/20060606david.html">quietly de-emphasize sovereignty</a>. Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois strategists realized that the heydays of the Gomery Commission were over and that sovereignty was now a <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000982.html">losing electoral issue</a> for the PQ. Indeed, by May-June 2006, it was the Liberals who were talking the most often about sovereignty, never missing an occasion to accuse the PQ of being obsessed with sovereignty and referendums. So you can see how happy Charest and the Liberals were to be able to <a href="http://www.vigile.net/spip/vigile1197.html">vindicate their claims</a> last week.</td><td class="EngFr">Il est bien connu que le principe du judo est d'utiliser la force et les mouvements de son adversaire contre lui. On a vu la semaine derni&egrave;re deux exemples frappants de judo au sens figur&eacute;.</p>

<p>Au cours de la deuxi&egrave;me prolongation du match de finale de Coupe de monde de soccer, le d&eacute;fenseur italien Marco Materazzi a apparemment lanc&eacute; quelques insultes dignes d'une cour d'&eacute;cole au milieu offensif fran&ccedil;ais Zinedine Zidane. Il n'est pas rare que des joueurs sportifs aient recours &agrave; de telles tactiques afin de d&eacute;concentrer leurs adversaires. Mais la r&eacute;action de Zidane est all&eacute;e plus loin. Il a frapp&eacute; Materazzi avec un <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81Z_pNWjQbE">magnifique coup de t&ecirc;te</a> et a &eacute;t&eacute; expuls&eacute; du match, laissant son &eacute;quipe jouer le reste de la finale sans son meilleur joueur. Bien que Materazzi ne sorte pas grandi de cet incident, la force de Zidane et sa trop grande volont&eacute; &agrave; en user se sont clairement retourn&eacute;s contre lui et son &eacute;quipe.</p>

<p>Il y a eu un autre exemple de r&eacute;action exag&eacute;r&eacute;e la semaine derni&egrave;re sur la sc&egrave;ne politique qu&eacute;b&eacute;coise. En r&eacute;ponse &agrave; un intervieweur de la station de t&eacute;l&eacute;vision francophone internationale TV5 qui a affirm&eacute; que le Qu&eacute;bec avait les moyens de devenir ind&eacute;pendant, le Premier ministre du Qu&eacute;bec Jean Charest <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/07/20060707-144410.html">a dit</a> que bien que ce serait faisable, ce ne serait pas dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t des Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois. C'&eacute;tait un argument typique des f&eacute;d&eacute;ralistes qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois. Mais les chefs du PQ tels qu'Andr&eacute; Boisclair et Bernard Landry n'ont retenu que les mots de Charest sur la faisabilit&eacute; de l'ind&eacute;pendance et ont pass&eacute; la semaine &agrave; d&eacute;clarer leur triomphe et &agrave; faire des danses de la victoire. Ce faisant, ils sont tomb&eacute;s dans le pi&egrave;ge de Charest, peu importe qu'il l'ait tendu par expr&egrave;s ou non.</p>

<p>En faisant des paroles de Charest un enjeu, ils lui ont donn&eacute; un podium du haut duquel il pourrait r&eacute;p&eacute;ter et pr&eacute;ciser l'ensemble de ses paroles, et Charest en a profit&eacute; pour pr&eacute;senter l'argument tr&egrave;s &eacute;vident que <a href="http://www.vigile.net/spip/vigile1154.html">ce qui est faisable n'est pas n&eacute;cessairement souhaitable</a>. De plus, la r&eacute;action de Boisclair a bousill&eacute; la strat&eacute;gie pr&eacute;-&eacute;lectorale du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois, qui &eacute;tait de <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/archives/LeDevoir/20060606david.html">tranquillement enlever l'emphase sur la souverainet&eacute;</a>. Les strat&egrave;ges du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois avaient r&eacute;alis&eacute; que les "beaux jours" de la Commission Gomery &eacute;taient termin&eacute;s et que la souverainet&eacute; &eacute;tait maintenant un <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000982.html">enjeu &eacute;lectoral perdant</a> pour le PQ. En effet, en mai et juin 2006, c'&eacute;taient les Lib&eacute;raux qui parlaient le plus souvent de souverainet&eacute;, ne ratant jamais une occasion d'accuser le PQ d'&ecirc;tre obs&eacute;d&eacute; par la souverainet&eacute; et les r&eacute;f&eacute;rendums. On voit maintenant &agrave; quel point Charest et les Lib&eacute;raux sont contents d'avoir pu <a href="http://www.vigile.net/spip/vigile1197.html">voir leurs affirmations confirm&eacute;es</a> la semaine derni&egrave;re.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; selon l'origine et la religion]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001032.html" />
    <modified>2006-07-12T14:18:52Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-07-09T19:23:49-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1032</id>
    <created>2006-07-10T00:23:49Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain">According to a common stereotype, Canadians of European ancestry are not having babies anymore whereas visible minorities in Canada are having a lot of them. But a recent study from Statistics Canada shows that the reality is more nuanced. While...</summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject><![CDATA[D&eacute;mographie]]></dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">According to a common stereotype, Canadians of European ancestry are not having babies anymore whereas visible minorities in Canada are having a lot of them. But a <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060630/d060630b.htm">recent study</a> from Statistics Canada shows that the reality is more nuanced.

<p>While the <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/tables/fertility_race_can.html">total fertility rate</a> of white Canadians in 2001 was indeed low &mdash; 1.51 children per woman &mdash; the fertility rate of visible minorities in Canada was not that much higher: it stood at 1.70 in 2001. Moreover, from 1996 to 2001, the fertility rate of visible minorities has declined faster (by 0.24) than that of whites (by 0.12). We also see that almost no group has a fertility rate higher than the replacement rate of 2.1. For example, Southeast Asians have a fertility rate that ranges from 1.18 to 1.71, depending on their country of origin, West Asians have a rate of 1.54, South Asians are at 1.99, Latin Americans at 1.83 and blacks at 1.71.</p>

<p>There are only two exceptions: Aboriginals, who have a fertility rate of 2.60, and Arabs, who also have a fertility rate of 2.60. (The <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060630/d060630b.htm">summary</a> published by Statistics Canada lumps together Arabs and West Asians. The fertility rate specific to Arabs is buried in the middle of a <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/91-209-XIE/91-209-XIE2003000.pdf">128 pages PDF</a> and <a href="http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1151963410116&call_pageid=968332188492&col=968793972154&t=TS_Home">the only journalist</a> who reported on this study apparently did not find this number. I do not know why Statistics Canada did not put one of the most significant results of the study in its summary.)</p>

<p>The same study also measured the <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/tables/fertility_rel_can.html">fertility rate by religious denomination</a>. While almost all religious denominations have fertility rates that are below the replacement rate, what stands out is the fertility rate of Muslims, which stands at 2.41.</p>

<p>UPDATE: <i>Le Devoir</i> published <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/07/11/113393.html">an article</a> on this topic in its July 11 edition.</td><td class="EngFr">Selon un st&eacute;r&eacute;otype courant, les Canadiens d'origine europ&eacute;enne ne font plus d'enfants alors que les minorit&eacute;s visibles du Canada en font beaucoup. Mais une <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/Francais/060630/q060630b.htm">recente &eacute;tude</a> de Statistique Canada montre que la r&eacute;alit&eacute; est plus nuanc&eacute;e.</p>

<p>Bien que <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/tables/fecondite_race_can.html">l'indice synth&eacute;tique de f&eacute;condit&eacute;</a> des Canadiens blancs en 2001 soit bel et bien bas &mdash; 1,51 enfants par femme &mdash; l'indice synth&eacute;tique de f&eacute;condit&eacute; des minorit&eacute;s visibles au Canada n'&eacute;tait pas tellement plus &eacute;lev&eacute;: il &eacute;tait de 1,70 en 2001. De plus, de 1996 &agrave; 2001, le taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; des minorit&eacute;s visibles a diminu&eacute; plus vite (de 0,24) que celui des blancs (de 0,12). On voit aussi que presque aucun groupe n'a un taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; sup&eacute;rieur au taux de remplacement de 2,1. Par exemple, les Asiatiques du Sud-Est ont un taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; qui varie entre 1,18 et 1,71, selon le pays d'origine, les Asiatiques de l'Ouest ont un taux de 1,54, les Sud-Asiatiques sont &agrave; 1,99, les Latino-Am&eacute;ricains &agrave; 1,83 et les noirs &agrave; 1,71.</p>

<p>Il y a seulement deux exceptions: les Autochtones, qui ont un taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; de 2,60, et les Arabes, qui ont aussi un taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; de 2,60. (Le <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/Francais/060630/q060630b.htm">r&eacute;sum&eacute;</a> publi&eacute; par Statistique Canada met les Arabes et les Asiatiques de l'Ouest dans le m&ecirc;me panier. Le taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; sp&eacute;cifique aux Arabes est enfoui au milieu d'un <a href="http://www.statcan.ca/francais/freepub/91-209-XIF/91-209-XIF2003000.pdf">PDF de 129 pages</a> et <a href="http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1151963410116&call_pageid=968332188492&col=968793972154&t=TS_Home">le seul journaliste</a> qui a rapport&eacute; cette &eacute;tude n'a apparemment pas trouv&eacute; ce chiffre. Je ne sais pas pourquoi Statistique Canada n'a pas mis un des r&eacute;sultats les plus significatifs de l'&eacute;tude dans son r&eacute;sum&eacute;.)</p>

<p>La m&ecirc;me &eacute;tude a aussi mesur&eacute; <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/tables/fecondite_rel_can.html">l'indice synth&eacute;tique de f&eacute;condit&eacute; selon la confession religieuse</a>. Alors que presque toutes les confessions religieuses ont des taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; inf&eacute;rieurs au taux de remplacement, ce qui ressort est le taux de f&eacute;condit&eacute; des Musulmans, qui est de 2,41.</p>

<p>MISE &Agrave; JOUR: Le Devoir a publi&eacute; <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/07/11/113393.html">un article</a> sur ce sujet dans son &eacute;dition du 11 juillet.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Slow down / Au ralenti</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001031.html" />
    <modified>2006-07-07T05:00:55Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-07-06T23:56:26-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1031</id>
    <created>2006-07-07T04:56:26Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[As you may have noticed, this blog is slowing down during the summer months. In the main time, you can read Jarrett Plonka's post on the surprising resurrection of the Canadian Alliance logo.Comme vous l'avez sans doute remarqu&eacute;, ce blogue...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Annonces</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">As you may have noticed, this blog is slowing down during the summer months.

<p>In the main time, you can read Jarrett Plonka's post on the <a href="http://kerplonka.blogspot.com/2006/07/learn-from-example.html">surprising resurrection of the Canadian Alliance logo</a>.</td><td class="EngFr">Comme vous l'avez sans doute remarqu&eacute;, ce blogue est au ralenti durant les mois d'&eacute;t&eacute;.</p>

<p>Entre temps, vous pouvez lire le billet de Jarrett Plonka sur la <a href="http://kerplonka.blogspot.com/2006/07/learn-from-example.html">surprenante r&eacute;surrection du logo de l'Alliance canadienne</a>.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Le PQ et son scandale</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001030.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-28T04:32:35Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-27T23:28:00-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1030</id>
    <created>2006-06-28T04:28:00Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[There was a scandal last week when it was confirmed that the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois received 96,400$ in disguised contributions from Groupaction from 1995 to 2000. But another scandal is the way sovereignist leaders have handled these revelations. When former Groupaction...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Politique provinciale</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">There was a scandal last week when it was confirmed that the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois received <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001029.html">96,400$ in disguised contributions</a> from Groupaction from 1995 to 2000. But another scandal is the way sovereignist leaders have handled these revelations.

<p>When former Groupaction president Jean Brault and lobbyist Alain Renaud first testified in April 2005 to the Gomery Commission that Groupaction had given about 100,000$ to the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois in order to secure contracts from Qu&eacute;bec's Crown corporations, the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois, by way of <a href="http://www.cnw.ca/fr/releases/archive/April2005/06/c2614.html">a press release</a>, "formally denie[d] having received any money at all from Groupaction" and it attempted to discredit Alain Renaud by saying his claims were "clearly false" and "part of a decoy strategy" that was "shameful and desperate".  Pierre Ch&acirc;teauvert, then executive director of the PQ, <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/archives/infos/quebeccanada/2005/04/20050406-072041.html">declared</a> to the <i>Journal de Montr&eacute;al</i> that such a thing was impossible because the PQ does not accept checks from corporations. This was pure obfuscation since it was obvious that the claim was not that Groupaction had directly wrote a check to the PQ, but rather that it had funneled the contributions through its employees, who were reimbursed by Groupaction for these contributions.</p>

<p>Now that a Commission of inquiry commissioned by Qu&eacute;bec's Chief Electoral Officer and headed by Justice Moisan <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/en/nouvelleDetail.asp?id=2106&typeN=2">has found</a> in its <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/pdf/publications/Rapport_Moisan.pdf">report</a> that Groupaction indeed contributed, through its employees, 96,400$ to the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois and that Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois officials were aware of these contributions, the initial denials by the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois and the attacks on Alain Renaud look less like an honest mistake made in ignorance and more like an attempt to conceal the truth.  Recall that Ginette Boivin, who is one of the two PQ officials fingered by the Commission's report, is still responsible for the PQ's financing: the PQ cannot plead organizational amnesia.  Instead, the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois continues to resort to denials and attacks: despite the <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060622/CPACTUALITES/60621198">evidence presented in the Moisan report</a>, PQ leader Andr&eacute; Boisclair claims that there is no evidence that PQ officials approved the contributions and online attacks on the integrity of Justice Moisan by P&eacute;quiste activists were so numerous and so fierce that columnist Michel C. Auger was <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060622/CPBLOGUES07/60622086&blogdate=20060622&cacheid=20060622">prompted to write a post</a> setting the record straight.</p>

<p>Another tactic used by sovereignist leaders is to claim that Groupaction didn't receive any contract from the government of Qu&eacute;bec or its Crown corporations.  During a <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/Conf-presse/2005/050407SB.HTM">press conference</a> held at the National Assembly on April 7, 2005, PQ MNA St&eacute;phane B&eacute;dard claimed that Groupaction did "not get any contract with the SAQ nor with the government of Qu&eacute;bec while the Parti qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois held power". Last Thursday, Bloc Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois leader Gilles Duceppe said that "<a href="http://lcn.canoe.com/lcn/infos/national/archives/2006/06/20060622-211406.html">no contract was awarded</a>" to Groupaction. While the PQ, in its <a href="http://www.newswire.ca/fr/releases/archive/June2006/21/c8288.html">press release of last Wednesday</a>, did acknowledge that Groupaction won a publicity contract from T&eacute;l&eacute;-Qu&eacute;bec <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000792.html">in 1997</a>, it still omits to mention the fact that Groupaction also won the main publicity contract of the <i>Soci&eacute;t&eacute; des Alcools du Qu&eacute;bec</i> <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000798.html">in 1995</a> under a PQ government (though it mentions that the contract ended in 1998).</p>

<p>How come virtually no one called Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois officials on their contradictions and obfuscations? How come Gilles Duceppe's words, "no contract was awarded", can be printed in large letters at the top of a page in <i>La Presse</i> and not face any public rebuttal, despite the obvious falseness of these words?</td><td class="EngFr">Il y a eu un scandale la semaine derni&egrave;re lorsqu'il a &eacute;t&eacute; confirm&eacute; que le Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois a re&ccedil;u <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001029.html">96&nbsp;400$ en contributions d&eacute;guis&eacute;es</a> de Groupaction de 1995 &agrave; 2000. Mais la mani&egrave;re dont les leaders souverainistes ont g&eacute;r&eacute; ces r&eacute;v&eacute;lations constitue un autre scandale.</p>

<p>Lorsque l'ex-pr&eacute;sident de Groupaction et le lobbyiste Alain Renaud ont d'abord t&eacute;moign&eacute; en avril 2005 &agrave; la Commission Gomery que Groupaction avait donn&eacute; environ 100&nbsp;000$ au Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois afin d'obtenir des contrats des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s d'&Eacute;tat qu&eacute;b&eacute;coises, le Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois, par voie de <a href="http://www.cnw.ca/fr/releases/archive/April2005/06/c2614.html">communiqu&eacute;</a>, a "ni[&eacute;] formellement avoir re&ccedil;u quelque montant que ce soit de Groupaction" et il a tent&eacute; de discr&eacute;diter Alain Renaud en plaidant que ses affirmations &eacute;taient "clairement fausses" et faisaient "partie d'une strat&eacute;gie de diversion" qui &eacute;tait "&eacute;hont&eacute;e et d&eacute;sesp&eacute;r&eacute;e".  Pierre Ch&acirc;teauvert, alors directeur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral du PQ, <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/archives/infos/quebeccanada/2005/04/20050406-072041.html">a declar&eacute;</a> au Journal de Montr&eacute;al qu'une telle chose &eacute;tait impossible puisque le PQ n'accepte pas les ch&egrave;ques des compagnies. C'&eacute;tait de la pure obfuscation puisqu'il &eacute;tait &eacute;vident que l'affirmation n'&eacute;tait pas que Groupaction ait directement fait un ch&egrave;que au PQ, mais plut&ocirc;t qu'elle ait fait transit&eacute; les contributions par ses employ&eacute;s, qui ont &eacute;t&eacute; rembours&eacute;s par Groupaction pour ces contributions.</p>

<p>Maintenant qu'une Commission d'enqu&ecirc;te cr&eacute;&eacute;e par le Directeur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral des &eacute;lections du Qu&eacute;bec et dirig&eacute;e par le juge Moisan <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/nouvelleDetail.asp?id=2105&typeN=2">a trouv&eacute;</a> dans son <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/pdf/publications/Rapport_Moisan.pdf">rapport</a> que Groupaction a bel et bien contribu&eacute;, via ses employ&eacute;s, 96&nbsp;400$ au Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois et que les responsables du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois &eacute;taient au courant de ces contributions, le d&eacute;ni initial du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois et les attaques contre Alain Renaud ressemblent moins &agrave; un erreur honn&ecirc;te faite dans l'ignorance et plus &agrave; une tentative de cacher la v&eacute;rit&eacute;.  Gardez en t&ecirc;te que Ginette Boivin, qui est une des deux responsables du PQ point&eacute;es du doigt dans le rapport de la Commission, est toujours responsable du financement au PQ: le PQ ne peut pas plaider l'amn&eacute;sie organisationnelle.  &Agrave; la place, le Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois continue d'avoir recours au d&eacute;ni et aux attaques: malgr&eacute; les <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060622/CPACTUALITES/60621198">preuves pr&eacute;sent&eacute;es dans le rapport Moisan</a>, le chef du PQ Andr&eacute; Boisclair affirme que rien ne d&eacute;montre que les responsables du PQ ont approuv&eacute; les contributions et les attaques sur le Web contre l'int&eacute;grit&eacute; du juge Moisan par des militants P&eacute;quistes ont &eacute;t&eacute; si nombreuses et si f&eacute;roces que le chroniqueur Michel C. Auger s'est senti <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060622/CPBLOGUES07/60622086&blogdate=20060622&cacheid=20060622">oblig&eacute; d'&eacute;crire un billet</a> pour r&eacute;tablir les faits.</p>

<p>Une autre tactique utilis&eacute;e par les leaders souverainistes est d'affirmer que Groupaction n'a re&ccedil;u aucun contrat du gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec ou de ses soci&eacute;t&eacute;s d'&Eacute;tat.  Durant une <a href="http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fra/Conf-presse/2005/050407SB.HTM">conf&eacute;rence de presse</a> tenue &agrave; l'Assembl&eacute;e nationale le 7 avril 2005, le d&eacute;put&eacute; P&eacute;quiste St&eacute;phane B&eacute;dard a affirm&eacute; que Groupaction n'a "pas obtenu de contrat, ni avec la SAQ, ni avec le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec, pendant que [le PQ &eacute;tait] au pouvoir". Jeudi dernier, le chef du Bloc Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois Gilles Duceppe a dit qu'"<a href="http://lcn.canoe.com/lcn/infos/national/archives/2006/06/20060622-211406.html">il n'y a aucun contrat qui a &eacute;t&eacute; donn&eacute;</a>" &agrave; Groupaction. Alors que le PQ, dans son <a href="http://www.newswire.ca/fr/releases/archive/June2006/21/c8288.html">communiqu&eacute; de mercredi dernier</a>, a reconnu que Groupaction a obtenu un contrat de publicit&eacute; de T&eacute;l&eacute;-Qu&eacute;bec <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000792.html">en 1997</a>, il a n&eacute;anmoins omis de mentionner le fait que Groupaction a aussi obtenu le contenu principal de publicit&eacute; de la Soci&eacute;t&eacute; des Alcools du Qu&eacute;bec <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000798.html">en 1995</a> sous un gouvernement P&eacute;quiste (bien qu'il mentionne que le contrat a pris fin en 1998).</p>

<p>Comment se fait-il que virtuellement personne n'ait confront&eacute; les responsables du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois par rapport &agrave; leurs contradictions et &agrave; leurs obfuscations? Comment se fait-il que les mots de Gilles Duceppe, "aucun contrat n'a &eacute;t&eacute; donn&eacute;", puissent &ecirc;tre imprim&eacute;s en grosses lettres dans le haut d'une page de La Presse et ne faire face &agrave; aucune r&eacute;futation publique, malgr&eacute; l'&eacute;vidente fausset&eacute; de ces mots?</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[DGEQ: Pr&egrave;s de 100&nbsp;000$ de dons de Groupaction au PQ]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001029.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-22T04:08:17Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-21T23:04:45-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1029</id>
    <created>2006-06-22T04:04:45Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[The Chief Electoral Officer of Qu&eacute;bec has published today a report confirming that Groupaction Marketing, an advertising agency that was at the center of the sponsorship scandal, gave the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois almost 100,000$ in disguised contributions (made by employees and...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Politique provinciale</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">The Chief Electoral Officer of Qu&eacute;bec has <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/en/nouvelleDetail.asp?id=2106&typeN=2">published</a> today a <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/pdf/publications/Rapport_Moisan.pdf">report</a> confirming that Groupaction Marketing, an advertising agency that was at the center of the sponsorship scandal, gave the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois almost 100,000$ in disguised contributions (made by employees and reimbursed by Groupaction) in the mid-1990s.  The report also concluded that Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois officials knew about Groupaction's actions. (See also <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000790.html">these</a> <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000792.html">posts</a> from last year.)

<p>The report also recommends changes in Qu&eacute;bec's political financing rules in order to allow donations from corporations as well as larger individual donations. The logic of the recommendation is that it's better for such donations to occur directly and transparently than to do so indirectly like Groupaction did with the PQ. Interestingly, this is the <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/06/02/110704.html">same argument</a> that former Chief Electoral Officer of Qu&eacute;bec Pierre-F. C&ocirc;t&eacute; made to the Commons committee studying changes to federal political financing rules. This seems to be a case of the grass always being greener on the neighbor's yard. Groupaction managed to break both provincial and federal political financing rules, and now the federal government wants to prevent such things by adopting rules <a href="http://www.faa-lfi.gc.ca/fs-fi/01fs-fi_e.asp">similar to those of Qu&eacute;bec</a> whereas Qu&eacute;bec is starting to think about doing the reverse in reaction to the same events.</td><td class="EngFr">Le Directeur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral des &eacute;lections du Qu&eacute;bec a <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/nouvelleDetail.asp?id=2105&typeN=2">publi&eacute;</a> aujourd'hui un <a href="http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/fr/pdf/publications/Rapport_Moisan.pdf">rapport</a> confirmant que Groupaction Marketing, une agence de publicit&eacute; qui &eacute;tait au centre du scandale des commandites, a donn&eacute; pr&egrave;s de 100&nbsp;000$ en contributions d&eacute;guis&eacute;es (faites par des employ&eacute;s et rembours&eacute;es par Groupaction) au Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois lors du milieu des ann&eacute;es 1990.  La rapport a aussi conclu que les responsables du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois &eacute;taient au courant des actions de Groupaction. (Voir aussi <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000790.html">ces</a> <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000792.html">billets</a> de l'an dernier.)</p>

<p>Le rapport recommande aussi des changements dans les r&egrave;gles de financement politique du Qu&eacute;bec afin de permettre les dons des entreprises ainsi que des dons individuels plus importants. La logique derri&egrave;re cette recommendation est qu'il est pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable que de tels dons aient lieu directement et de mani&egrave;re transparente plut&ocirc;t qu'indirectement comme Groupaction a fait avec le PQ.  Ce qui est int&eacute;ressant est que c'est le <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/06/02/110704.html">m&ecirc;me argument</a> que l'ex-Directeur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral des &eacute;lections du Qu&eacute;bec Pierre-F. C&ocirc;t&eacute; a pr&eacute;sent&eacute; au comit&eacute; des Communes qui se penche sur les changements aux r&egrave;gles f&eacute;d&eacute;rales de financement politique.  Cela semble &ecirc;tre un exemple d'un gazon qui est toujours plus vert chez le voisin.  Groupaction a trouv&eacute; le moyen de violer autant les r&egrave;gles provinciales que f&eacute;d&eacute;rales de financement politique, et maintenant le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral veut pr&eacute;venir de telles choses en adoptant des r&egrave;gles <a href="http://www.faa-lfi.gc.ca/fs-fi/01fs-fi_f.asp">semblable &agrave; celles du Qu&eacute;bec</a> alors que le Qu&eacute;bec commence &agrave; penser &agrave; faire l'inverse en r&eacute;action aux m&ecirc;mes &eacute;v&egrave;nements.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>The Conservative Party&apos;s past and future promises</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001028.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-19T04:55:08Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-18T23:52:33-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1028</id>
    <created>2006-06-19T04:52:33Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain">The book Double Vision: The Inside Story of the Liberals in Power described what happened during the drafting of the federal government&apos;s 1994 budget when officials from the Department of Finance reminded Finance minister Paul Martin of the promises that...</summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject><![CDATA[Politique f&eacute;d&eacute;rale]]></dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">The book <i><a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/amazon.php?isbn=0385256132">Double Vision: The Inside Story of the Liberals in Power</a></i> described what happened during the drafting of the federal government's 1994 budget when officials from the Department of Finance reminded Finance minister Paul Martin of the promises that had been made in the Red Book, the Liberal Party's 1993 electoral platform. Paul Martin <a href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/121_97-02-03/121SM1E.html">yelled at them</a>: "Don't tell me what's in the red book. I wrote the goddarn thing and I know that it's a lot of crap."

<p>This is the kind of cynical behavior that people had come to expect from politicians and an exemple of why, according to a <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/051216ENG.pdf">December 2005 L&eacute;ger Marketing poll</a>, 76 percent of Canadians did not believe in electoral promises. This also explains why so many people are surprised that Stephen Harper is doing what he said he would do. There were only 17 percent of Canadians who believed in electoral promises in December 2005, but according to a <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/pol/060510eng.pdf">May 2006 L&eacute;ger Marketing poll</a>, 52 percent of Canadians now believe Stephen Harper will keep the promises he made during the last federal election campaign.  <i>Le Devoir</i> is even <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/06/14/111595.html">criticizing the Conservative government</a> for sticking too closely to its electoral promises and is calling on it to develop a vision beyond the promises of the last electoral campaign.</p>

<p>The Conservative Party will particularly have to think about what will be the next step, what will be its platform for the next electoral campaign. Given Harper's reputation, this platform will probably be the platform to be taken the most seriously and to be subjected to the closest scrutiny in recent history, which will be a double-edged sword for the Conservative Party.</td><td class="EngFr">Le livre <i><a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/amazon.php?isbn=0385256132">Double Vision: The Inside Story of the Liberals in Power</a></i> a d&eacute;crit ce qui s'est pass&eacute; lors de l'&eacute;laboration du budget 1994 du gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral lorsque des fonctionnaires du minist&egrave;re des Finances ont rappel&eacute; au ministre des Finances Paul Martin les promesses qui avaient &eacute;t&eacute; faites dans le Livre rouge, la plate-forme &eacute;lectorale du Parti Lib&eacute;ral en 1993. Paul Martin <a href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/121_97-02-03/121SM1F.html">leur a cri&eacute;</a>: "Ne me dites pas ce que contient le livre rouge. J'ai r&eacute;dig&eacute; ce foutu ouvrage et je sais qu'il contient beaucoup de conneries."</p>

<p>C'est le genre de comportement cynique que les gens en &eacute;taient venus &agrave; attendre des politiciens et un exemple de pourquoi, selon un <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/051216fr.pdf">sondage L&eacute;ger Marketing de d&eacute;cembre 2005</a>, 76% des Canadiens ne croyaient pas aux promesses &eacute;lectorales. Cela explique aussi pourquoi tant de gens sont surpris que Stephen Harper fasse ce qu'il a dit qu'il ferait. Il y a seulement 17% des Canadiens qui croyaient aux promesses &eacute;lectorales en d&eacute;cembre 2005, mais selon un <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/pol/060510fr.pdf">sondage L&eacute;ger Marketing de mai 2006</a>, 52% des Canadiens croient maintenant que Stephen Harper tiendra les promesses qu'il a faites au cours de la derni&egrave;re campagne &eacute;lectorale f&eacute;d&eacute;rale.  Le Devoir <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/06/14/111595.html">reproche m&ecirc;me au gouvernement Conservateur</a> de se tenir trop pr&egrave;s de ses promesses &eacute;lectorales et l'enjoint &agrave; d&eacute;velopper une vision qui d&eacute;passe les promesses de la derni&egrave;re campagne &eacute;lectorale.</p>

<p>Le Parti Conservateur aura particuli&egrave;rement &agrave; penser &agrave; ce que sera la prochaine &eacute;tape, &agrave; ce que sera sa plate-forme lors de la prochaine campagne &eacute;lectorale. &Eacute;tant donn&eacute; la r&eacute;putation de Harper, cette plate-forme sera probablement la plate-forme qui aura &eacute;t&eacute; prise le plus au s&eacute;rieux et sujette &agrave; l'examen le plus approfondi de l'histoire r&eacute;cente, ce qui sera un couteau &agrave; double tranchant pour le parti Conservateur.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Les Canadiens et l'immoralit&eacute;]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001027.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-16T03:18:18Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-15T22:04:51-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1027</id>
    <created>2006-06-16T03:04:51Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[L�ger Marketing has polled Canadians in 2002 and 2006 to know their opinion on morality. Here are the share of Canadians who consider the following behaviours to be immoral: &nbsp;20022006Shoplifting89,3&mdash;Pedophilia&mdash;81Taking hard drugs79,2&mdash;Tax evasion77,0&mdash;Extra-marital affairs80,874Prostitution68,468Alcohol abuse66,165Sexual relations before 16&mdash;65Suicide61,8&mdash;Pornographic films&mdash;58Working under...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Moeurs et morale</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">L�ger Marketing has polled Canadians in <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/SPCLM/020218eng.pdf">2002</a> and <a href="http://legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/060612eng.pdf">2006</a> to know their opinion on morality. Here are the share of Canadians who consider the following behaviours to be immoral:
<br>
<table border="1"><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>2002</th><th>2006</th></tr><tr><th align="left">Shoplifting</th><td align="right">89,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Pedophilia</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">81</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Taking hard drugs</th><td align="right">79,2</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Tax evasion</th><td align="right">77,0</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Extra-marital affairs</th><td align="right">80,8</td><td align="right">74</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Prostitution</th><td align="right">68,4</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Alcohol abuse</th><td align="right">66,1</td><td align="right">65</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Sexual relations before 16</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">65</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Suicide</th><td align="right">61,8</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Pornographic films</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">58</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Working under the table</th><td align="right">52,8</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Blasphemy</th><td align="right">40,2</td><td align="right">51</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Taking soft drugs</th><td align="right">47,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><th align="left">Gambling</th><td align="right">41,4</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Abortion</th> <td align="right">41,8</td><td align="right">34</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Euthanasia</th><td align="right">31,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Homosexuality</th><td align="right">32,1</td><td align="right">31</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Pre-marital sex</th><td align="right">27,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Atheism</th><td align="right">26,2</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Divorce</th><td align="right">22,3</td><td align="right">17</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Contraception</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">8</td></tr></table>

<p>L�ger Marketing (then called L�ger et L�ger) did a similar poll among Quebecers in 1990.<sup>1</sup> Taken from this poll and those of 2002 and 2006, here are the share of Quebecers who consider the following behaviours to be immoral:</p>

<table border="1"><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>1990<sup>2</sup></th><th>2002</th><th>2006</th></tr><tr><th align="left">Shoplifting</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">91,9</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Pedophilia</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">91</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Taking hard drugs</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">85,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Tax evasion</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">75,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Extra-marital affairs</th><td align="right">67,3</td><td align="right">72,7</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Prostitution</th><td align="right">68,3</td><td align="right">66,6</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Alcohol abuse</th><td align="right">92,0</td><td align="right">73,7</td><td align="right">66</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Working under the table</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">63,9</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Gambling</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">62,6</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Suicide</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">61,7</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Pornographic films</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">54</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Sexual relations before 16</th><td align="right">81,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">51</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Taking soft drugs</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">45,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Blasphemy</th><td align="right">63,1</td><td align="right">50,1</td><td align="right">43</td></tr> <tr><th align="left">Euthanasia</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">28,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Abortion</th><td align="right">43,0</td><td align="right">41,6</td><td align="right">28</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Atheism</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">25,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Homosexuality</th><td align="right">47,0</td><td align="right">26,1</td><td align="right">22</td> </tr><tr><th align="left">Pre-marital sex</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">16,0</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Divorce</th><td align="right">37,5</td><td align="right">25,8</td><td align="right">15</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Contraception</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">9</td></tr></table></td><td class="EngFr">L�ger Marketing a sond� les Canadiens en <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/SPCLM/020218fr.pdf">2002</a> et <a href="http://legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/060612fr.pdf">2006</a> pour conna�tre leur opinion sur la moralit�. Voici le pourcentage de Canadiens qui consid�rent que les comportements suivants sont immoraux:
<br>
<table border="1"><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>2002</th><th>2006</th></tr><tr><th align="left">Vol � l'�talage</th><td align="right">89,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">P�dophilie</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">81</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Consommation de drogues dures</th><td align="right">79,2</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">�vasion fiscale</th><td align="right">77,0</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Relations extra-conjugales</th><td align="right">80,8</td><td align="right">74</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Prostitution</th><td align="right">68,4</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Abus d'alcool</th><td align="right">66,1</td><td align="right">65</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Relations sexuelles avant 16 ans</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">65</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Suicide</th><td align="right">61,8</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Films pornographiques</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">58</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Travail au noir</th><td align="right">52,8</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Blasph�me</th><td align="right">40,2</td><td align="right">51</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Consommation de drogues douces</th><td align="right">47,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><th align="left">Gambling</th><td align="right">41,4</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Avortement</th> <td align="right">41,8</td><td align="right">34</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Euthanasie</th><td align="right">31,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Homosexualit�</th><td align="right">32,1</td><td align="right">31</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Relations sexuelles avant le mariage</th><td align="right">27,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Ath�isme</th><td align="right">26,2</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Divorce</th><td align="right">22,3</td><td align="right">17</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Contraception</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">8</td></tr></table>

<p>L�ger Marketing (qui s'appelait alors L�ger et L�ger) a fait un sondage semblable en 1990 aupr�s des Qu�b�cois.<sup>1</sup> Tir�s de ce sondage ainsi que ceux de 2002 et 2006, voici les pourcentages de Qu�b�cois qui consid�rent que les comportements suivants sont immoraux:</p>

<table border="1"><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>1990<sup>2</sup></th><th>2002</th><th>2006</th></tr><tr><th align="left">Vol � l'�talage</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">91,9</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">P�dophilie</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">91</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Consommation de drogues dures</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">85,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">�vasion fiscale</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">75,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Relations extra-conjugales</th><td align="right">67,3</td><td align="right">72,7</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Prostitution</th><td align="right">68,3</td><td align="right">66,6</td><td align="right">68</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Abus d'alcool</th><td align="right">92,0</td><td align="right">73,7</td><td align="right">66</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Travail au noir</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">63,9</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Gambling</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">62,6</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Suicide</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">61,7</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Films pornographiques</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">54</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Relations sexuelles avant 16 ans</th><td align="right">81,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">51</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Consommation de drogues douces</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">45,3</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Blasph�me</th><td align="right">63,1</td><td align="right">50,1</td><td align="right">43</td></tr> <tr><th align="left">Euthanasie</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">28,1</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Avortement</th><td align="right">43,0</td><td align="right">41,6</td><td align="right">28</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Ath�isme</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">25,5</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Homosexualit�</th><td align="right">47,0</td><td align="right">26,1</td><td align="right">22</td> </tr><tr><th align="left">Relations sexuelles avant le mariage</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">16,0</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Divorce</th><td align="right">37,5</td><td align="right">25,8</td><td align="right">15</td></tr><tr><th align="left">Contraception</th><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="center">&mdash;</td><td align="right">9</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">1. L�ger, Jean-Marc et L�ger, Marcel (1990) <i><a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/amazon.php?isbn=2890897338">Le Qu�bec en question</a></i>. Montr�al: Les �ditions Qu�b�cor, p. 133.<br>
2. Francophones: <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/tables/langue_usage_qc.html">83%</a>; non-francophones: 17%.</td></tr></table>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Sylvain Simard et les frais de scolarit&eacute;]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001026.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-13T13:52:49Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-13T08:49:53-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1026</id>
    <created>2006-06-13T13:49:53Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[I was going to write a post praising the political courage of Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois MNA Sylvain Simard who, during the PQ's thematic convention on education this weekend, defied his party on tuition fees by pointing out that the tuition freeze...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Education et enfants</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">I was going to write a post praising the political courage of Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois MNA Sylvain Simard who, during the PQ's thematic convention on education this weekend, <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060610/CPSOLEIL/60611007/5293/CPSOLEIL">defied his party on tuition fees</a> by pointing out that the tuition freeze had led to an underfunding of universities and that this policy has ultimately harmed students. Predictably, his party greeted him <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/06/20060610-170630.html">with tar and feathers</a>.

<p>However, in the course of writing that post, I found this <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2003/01/31/19486.html">news item</a> from January 2003 which tells us how Sylvain Simard, then Education Minister, explained the underfunding of universities at the time: he blamed the <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">fiscal imbalance</a> and did not mention tuition fees.</p>

<p>I guess we will have to add the name of Sylvain Simard to the list of <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000387.html">persons</a> who <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000804.html">make</a> much <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000927.html">more</a> sense when they are not part of a PQ government.</td><td class="EngFr">J'allais &eacute;crire un billet louangeant le courage politique du d&eacute;put&eacute; P&eacute;quiste Sylvain Simard qui, au cours du Congr&egrave;s th&eacute;matique du PQ sur l'&eacute;ducation cette fin de semaine, <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060610/CPSOLEIL/60611007/5293/CPSOLEIL">a d&eacute;fi&eacute; son parti sur les frais de scolarit&eacute;</a> en signalant que le gel des frais de scolarit&eacute; avait men&eacute; &agrave; un sous-financement des universit&eacute;s et que cette politique avait ultimement nui aux &eacute;tudiants. De mani&egrave;re pr&eacute;visible, son parti l'a accueilli <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/06/20060610-170630.html">avec une brique et un fanal</a>.</p>

<p>Cependant, en faisant des recherches pour ce billet, j'ai trouv&eacute; cet <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2003/01/31/19486.html">article</a> de janvier 2003 qui nous dit comment Sylvain Simard, alors Ministre de l'&eacute;ducation, expliquait le sous-financement des universit&eacute;s &agrave; l'&eacute;poque: il bl&acirc;mait le <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">d&eacute;s&eacute;quilibre fiscal</a> et ne mentionnait pas les frais de scolarit&eacute;.</p>

<p>J'ai l'impression qu'il va falloir ajouter le nom de Sylvain Simard &agrave; la liste des <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000387.html">personnes</a> qui <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000804.html">sont</a> bien <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000927.html">plus</a> sens&eacute;es lorsqu'elles ne font pas partie d'un gouvernement P&eacute;quiste.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Quelques statistiques sur les Am&eacute;ricains d'origine canadienne fran&ccedil;aise]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001025.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-12T05:13:13Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-11T23:49:37-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1025</id>
    <created>2006-06-12T04:49:37Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain">A new blog, Inductivist, has been posting various information taken from the General Social Survey of the United States. For example, it has published statistics broken down by ethnic origin and I am particularly interested in statistics relating to Americans...</summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Moeurs et morale</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">A new blog, <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/">Inductivist</a>, has been posting various information taken from the <a href="http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp">General Social Survey</a> of the United States. For example, it has published statistics broken down by ethnic origin and I am particularly interested in statistics relating to Americans of French Canadian origin, who are the descendants of the <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/confederation/023001-2968-e.html">hundreds of thousands French Canadians</a> who emigrated to the United States from 1840 to 1930.

<p>We learn that <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/06/chinese-americans-like-death-penalty.html">79.2 percent</a> of Americans of French Canadian descent are in favour of capital punishment, a slightly larger share than the American average of 73.6 percent. This compares to a support of <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/010917eng.pdf">53.5 percent</a> among Quebecers, according to a 2001 L�ger Marketing poll.</p>

<p>Americans of French Canadian descent <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/06/american-muslims-are-more-against.html">somewhat agree</a> with spanking as a form of discipline, but they agree slightly less with spanking than the American average. This compares with a <a href="http://www.sesresearch.com/news/in_the_news/London%20Free%20Press%20February%201%202004.pdf">support of 47 percent</a> for spanking in Qu�bec, the lowest level of support in Canada, according to a 2004 SES poll.</p>

<p>The most surprising result is that French Canadians are the ethnic group who, on average and per person, have served the <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/05/colin-powell-is-not-alone-west-indians.html">second highest number of years</a> in the United States military. This is surprising because Quebecers have often embraced anti-militarist political opinions. However, even in Canada, francophones are slightly more likely to serve in the military: francophones account for <a href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/hr/dol/engraph/amr0405_3_e.asp">27.5 percent</a> of Canadian Armed Forces military personnel and for 24.1 percent of the Canadian population.</p>

<p>French Canadian men in the United States are, behind the Norwegians and the Dutch, those who are <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/04/alert-to-women-married-to-russian-they.html">most opposed to adultery</a>: only 8.3 percent of them say that cheating on your wife is not wrong, compared with an average of 13.4 percent for American men. The situation is reversed in Canada: according to a 2002 L�ger Marketing poll, <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/SPCLM/020218ENG.pdf">71.4 percent</a> of francophones consider having an extramarital affair to be immoral behaviour, compared with 83.0 percent of anglophones.</p>

<p>See also this <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000858.html">previous post</a> on French Canadian support for the Democratic Party in New England.</td><td class="EngFr">Un nouveau blogue, <i><a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/">Inductivist</a></i>, a publi� diverses informations provenant de <a href="http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp">l'�nqu�te sociale g�n�rale</a> des �tats-Unis. Par exemple, il a publi� des statistiques variant selon l'origine ethnique et je suis particuli�rement int�ress� aux statistiques reli�es aux Am�ricains d'origine canadienne-fran�aise, qui sont les descendants des <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/confederation/023001-2968-f.html">centaines de milliers de Canadiens fran�ais</a> qui ont �migr� aux �tats-Unis de 1840 � 1930.</p>

<p>On y apprend que <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/06/chinese-americans-like-death-penalty.html">79,2%</a> des Am�ricains d'origine canadienne-fran�aise sont en faveur de la peine capitale, une proportion l�g�rement plus �lev�e que la moyenne am�ricaine de 73,6%. Cela se compare � un appui de <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/010917fr.pdf">53,5%</a> parmi les Qu�b�cois, selon un sondage L�ger Marketing de 2001.</p>

<p>Les Am�ricains d'origine canadienne-fran�aise <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/06/american-muslims-are-more-against.html">sont plut�t d'accord</a> avec la fess�e comme outil de discipline, mais ils sont l�g�rement moins en accord avec la fess�e que la moyenne am�ricaine. Cela se compare � un <a href="http://www.sesresearch.com/news/in_the_news/London%20Free%20Press%20February%201%202004.pdf">appui de 47%</a> pour la fess�e au Qu�bec, le niveau d'appui le plus bas au Canada, selon un sondage SES de 2004.</p>

<p>Le r�sultat le plus surprenant est que les Canadiens fran�ais sont le groupe ethnique qui, en moyenne et par personne, ont servi <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/05/colin-powell-is-not-alone-west-indians.html">le deuxi�me plus grand nombre d'ann�es</a> dans les forces arm�es des �tats-Unis. C'est surprenant puisque les Qu�b�cois ont souvent adopt� des opinions politiques anti-militaristes. Cependant, m�me au Canada, les francophones sont l�g�rement plus susceptible de s'engager: les francophones repr�sentent <a href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/hr/dol/frgraph/amr0405_3_f.asp">27,5%</a> du personnel militaire des Forces arm�es canadiennes et 24,1% de la population canadienne.</p>

<p>Les hommes canadiens fran�ais aux �tats-Unis sont, derri�re les Norv�giens et les N�erlandais, ceux qui sont <a href="http://inductivist.blogspot.com/2006/04/alert-to-women-married-to-russian-they.html">le plus oppos� � l'adult�re</a>: seuls 8,3% d'entre eux disent qu'il n'y a rien de mal � tromper sa femme, comparativement � une moyenne de 13,4% pour les hommes am�ricains. La situation est renvers�e au Canada: selon un sondage L�ger Marketing de 2002, <a href="http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/SPCLM/020218fr.pdf">71,4%</a> des francophones consid�rent qu'avoir une liaison extraconjugale est un comportement immoral, comparativement � 83,0% chez les anglophones.</p>

<p>Voir aussi ce <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000858.html">billet pr�c�dent</a> sur l'appui des Canadiens fran�ais au Parti D�mocrate en Nouvelle-Angleterre.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Sailing past Joe Clark territory</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001024.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-10T05:26:57Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-10T00:24:48-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1024</id>
    <created>2006-06-10T05:24:48Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain">Now that analysts are speculating on whether Harper is going to win a majority government during the next election, it might be hard to remember that, soon after the last election, his minority government was sometimes compared to Joe Clark&apos;s...</summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject><![CDATA[Politique f&eacute;d&eacute;rale]]></dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">Now that analysts are speculating on whether Harper is going to win a majority government during the next election, it might be hard to remember that, soon after the last election, his minority government was <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000979.html">sometimes</a> <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/realitycheck/20060331sheppard.html">compared</a> to Joe Clark's short-lived 1979 government. But this week the Harper government has already moved Joe Clark territory when its budget <a href="http://torontosun.com/News/Canada/2006/06/07/1618344-sun.html">passed unanimously in the House of Commons</a> (with <a href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/034_2006-06-06/han034_1010-E.htm">some confusion among MPs</a>).  Indeed, Joe Clark's government fell in December 1979 when its first budget, which contained a tax increase of 18 cents a gallon on gasoline, was <a href="http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-2149-13105/politics_economy/joe_clark/clip6">defeated in the House</a>.</td><td class="EngFr">Maintenant que les analystes sp&eacute;culent sur la possibilit&eacute; que Harper remporte un gouvernement majoritaire aux prochaines &eacute;lections, il peut &ecirc;tre difficile de se souvenir que, peu de temps apr&egrave;s les derni&egrave;res &eacute;lections, son gouvernement minoritaire &eacute;tait <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000979.html">parfois</a> <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/realitycheck/20060331sheppard.html">compar&eacute;</a> au bref r&egrave;gne de Joe Clark en 1979. Mais le gouvernement Harper a d&eacute;j&agrave; surpass&eacute; la marqu&eacute; du gouvernement Clark cette semaine lorsque son budget <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/06/20060606-164832.html">a &eacute;t&eacute; adopt&eacute; unanimement &agrave; la Chambre des Communes</a> (avec <a href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/034_2006-06-06/han034_1010-F.htm">une certaine confusion des d&eacute;put&eacute;s</a>).  En effet, le gouvernement de Joe Clark est tomb&eacute; en d&eacute;cembre 1979 lorsque son premier budget, qui contenait une hausse de la taxe sur l'essence de 18 cents par gallon, a &eacute;t&eacute; <a href="http://archives.radio-canada.ca/IDC-0-17-1947-12669-10/politique_economie/joe_clark/">d&eacute;fait en Chambre</a>.</td></tr></table>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Equalize this</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001023.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-11T20:56:27Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-06T12:46:03-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1023</id>
    <created>2006-06-06T17:46:03Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[On February 8, 1865, George Brown, who was then leader of the Upper Canadian Liberals and who formed, with John A. MacDonald and George-&Eacute;tienne Cartier, a triumvirate in favour of the Confederation project, explained to the Legislative Assembly of the...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject><![CDATA[Taxes et imp&ocirc;ts]]></dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">On February 8, 1865, <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/confederation/023001-2309-e.html">George Brown</a>, who was then leader of the Upper Canadian Liberals and who formed, with John A. MacDonald and George-&Eacute;tienne Cartier, a triumvirate in favour of the Confederation project, explained to the Legislative Assembly of the United Province of Canada one of the reasons of his support for Confederation:

<blockquote>We [in Upper Canada] have complained that immense sums of public money have been systematically taken from the public chest for local purposes of Lower Canada, in which the people of Upper Canada had no interest whatever, though compelled to contribute three-fourths of the cash. Well, Mr. Speaker, this scheme remedies that. All local matters are to be banished from the General Legislature; local governments are to have control over local affairs, and if our friends in Lower Canada choose to be extravagant, they will have to bear the burden of it themselves.</blockquote>

<p>The point of Confederation was not only to unite the British colonies of North America under a single federal government, but also to separate the provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada, now called Ontario and Qu&eacute;bec. But George Brown could not know that the rise of the modern Welfare State would bring back the kind of redistribution that he thought would disappear with Confederation. The <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/05/20060527-075101.html">recent comments of Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty</a> bear an eery resemblance to those of Brown 141 years ago:</p>

<blockquote>Exasperated by recriminations from Qu&eacute;bec, [Dalton] McGuinty argued that Ontarians should not assume, indirectly through equalization, the exorbitant costs of Qu&eacute;bec's public services. He gave as an example tuition fees, which have been frozen for years in Qu&eacute;bec but are higher everywhere else in Canada.

<p>What the Premier of Ontario is insinuating is that Quebecers are living beyond their means. They buy themselves the best social programs, the largest civil service in the country, but when numbers do not add up anymore, they ask for help from other provinces.</blockquote></p>

<p>According to the Constitution Act, 1982, the <a href="http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/annex_e.html#III">purpose of equalization</a> is to allow provincial governments to "provide reasonably comparable levels of public services".  But the government of Qu&eacute;bec, and this seems to apply to <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=3&id=336">other equalization-receiving provinces</a> as well, apparently does not need all that help since it ends up spending proportionately more on social services than the government of Ontario.</p>

<p>But we need to be fair and recognize that Quebecers do shoulder the largest part of their own burden since they are "<a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000666.html">the most heavily taxed taxpayers in North America</a>". And the key point is that the Constitution says that the purpose of equalization is also to ensure that provincial public services are provided "at reasonably comparable levels of taxation".  The government of Qu&eacute;bec does not need more money, but Qu&eacute;bec taxpayers do need tax relief, and there is <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=4&id=939&fd=0&p=1">nothing in the Constitution</a> that would forbid the federal government from granting an <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=4&id=453">equivalent tax relief</a> to the residents of the relevant provinces as a substitute to part or all of the amounts which are currently paid to each of the equalization-receiving provincial governments.  Such a tax relief would probably do much more for the economic development of Qu&eacute;bec and Atlantic Canada than have decades of the current equalization program.  And while these provincial governments could in theory reoccupy all the fiscal room that would have been vacated by the federal government, which would leave us at the statu quo ante, they would have to do so in a transparent and accountable manner by justifying it to their citizens through the democratic process.</p>

<p>Some might protest that this would be a disfiguration of the equalization program. On the contrary, this would return equalization to its roots and as it was originally conceived by economist James Buchanan. When asked in 2001 whether it would be wiser "to transfer resources directly to the individuals in these regions instead of governments", Buchanan <a href="http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=236">replied</a>:</p>

<blockquote>Yes. In my original analysis of this, back in 1948, I made that point quite specifically. From an ideal economic point-of-view, you would definitely have to give it to individuals. My scheme at that time applied to differential rates of income tax in different provinces. Once you transfer from government to government, you have another source of major inefficiency.</blockquote></td><td class="EngFr">Le 8 f&eacute;vrier 1865, <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/confederation/023001-2309-f.html">George Brown</a>, qui &eacute;tait alors le chef des Lib&eacute;raux du Haut-Canada et qui formait, avec John A. MacDonald et George-&Eacute;tienne Cartier, un triumvirat pour le projet de Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration, a expliqu&eacute; &agrave; l'Assembl&eacute;e l&eacute;gislative de la province du Canada-Uni une des raisons de son appui &agrave; la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration:

<blockquote>Nous [Haut-Canadiens] avons eu &agrave; nous plaindre de ce que sortaient de la caisse publique d'immenses sommes destin&eacute;es &agrave; des usages locaux dans le Bas-Canada et n'int&eacute;ressant nullement le peuple haut-canadien, quoiqu'il ait &agrave; en fournir les trois quarts; et le projet, M. le pr&eacute;sident, rem&eacute;die encore &agrave; cela.  Le Parlement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral ne s'occupera aucunement d'affaires locales, qui incomberont &agrave; chacune des l&eacute;gislatures provinciales; et, si nos amis du Bas-Canada jugent &agrave; propos de faire trop de d&eacute;penses, eux seuls en porteront le fardeau.</blockquote>

<p>L'objectif de la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration &eacute;tait non seulement d'unir les colonies britanniques d'Am&eacute;rique du Nord sous un m&ecirc;me gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral, mais aussi de s&eacute;parer les provinces du Haut- et du Bas-Canada, aujourd'hui appel&eacute;es Ontario et Qu&eacute;bec. Mais George Brown ne pouvait pas savoir que l'apparition de l'&Eacute;tat-providence moderne r&eacute;introduirait ce genre de redistribution qu'il pensait faire dispara&icirc;tre avec la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration. Les <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/05/20060527-075101.html">r&eacute;cents commentaires du Premier ministre de l'Ontario Dalton McGuinty</a> ressemblent &eacute;trangement &agrave; ceux de Brown il y a 141 ans:</p>

<blockquote>Exasp&eacute;r&eacute; par les r&eacute;criminations qu&eacute;b&eacute;coises, [Dalton] McGuinty a fait comprendre que les Ontariens n'avaient pas &agrave; assumer, indirectement par la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation, les co&ucirc;ts exorbitants des services publics qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois. Il a donn&eacute; en exemple les frais de scolarit&eacute;, plus &eacute;lev&eacute;s partout ailleurs au Canada, mais gel&eacute;s depuis des ann&eacute;es au Qu&eacute;bec.

<p>Ce que le premier ministre de l'Ontario insinue, c'est que les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois vivent au-dessus de leurs moyens. Ils s'offrent les meilleurs programmes sociaux, la plus importante fonction publique du pays, mais quand les chiffres ne concordent plus, ils demandent de l'aide aux autres provinces.</blockquote></p>

<p>Selon la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, le <a href="http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/const/annex_f.html#III">but de la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation</a> est de permettre aux gouvernements provinciaux "d'assurer les services publics &agrave; un niveau de qualit&eacute; [...] sensiblement comparable".  Mais le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec, et ceci semble s'appliquer aussi <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=3&id=336">aux autres provinces qui re&ccedil;oivent de la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation</a>, n'a apparemment pas besoin de toute cette aide &eacute;tant donn&eacute; qu'il arrive &agrave; faire, toutes proportions gard&eacute;es, plus de d&eacute;penses en programmes sociaux que le gouvernement d'Ontario.</p>

<p>Mais il faut &ecirc;tre juste et reconna&icirc;tre que les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois portent en v&eacute;rit&eacute; la majeure partie de leur propre fardeau &eacute;tant donn&eacute; qu'ils sont "<a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000666.html">les contribuables les plus fortement tax&eacute;s en Am&eacute;rique du Nord</a>". Et l'&eacute;l&eacute;ment-cl&eacute; est que la Constitution dit que le but de la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation est aussi d'assurer que les services publics provinciaux soient fournis "&agrave; un niveau [...] de fiscalit&eacute; sensiblement comparable".  Le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec n'a pas besoin de plus d'argent, mais les contribuables qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois ont besoin d'un all&egrave;gement fiscal, et il n'y a <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=4&id=939&fd=0&p=1">rien dans la Constitution</a> qui emp&ecirc;cherait le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral de consentir un <a href="http://www.aims.ca/equalization.asp?typeID=4&id=453">all&egrave;gement fiscal &eacute;quivalent</a> aux r&eacute;sidents des provinces concern&eacute;es en tant que substitut en tout ou en partie des montants qui sont pr&eacute;sentement vers&eacute;s &agrave; chacun des gouvernements provinciaux qui re&ccedil;oivent la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation.  Un tel all&egrave;gement fiscal en ferait probablement bien plus pour le d&eacute;veloppement &eacute;conomique du Qu&eacute;bec et des provinces atlantiques que ne l'a fait le pr&eacute;sent programme de p&eacute;r&eacute;quation pendant des d&eacute;cennies.  Et bien que les gouvernements provinciaux pourraient en th&eacute;orie r&eacute;occuper tout l'espace fiscal qui aurait &eacute;t&eacute; lib&eacute;r&eacute; par le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral, ce qui nous laisserait au statu quo ante, ils auraient &agrave; le faire d'une mani&egrave;re transparente et responsable en le justifiant &agrave; leurs citoyens dans le cadre du processus d&eacute;mocratique.</p>

<p>Certains pourraient protester que ce serait une d&eacute;figuration du programme de p&eacute;r&eacute;quation. Cela retournerait au contraire la p&eacute;r&eacute;quation &agrave; ses racines et telle qu'elle a &eacute;t&eacute; originellement con&ccedil;ue par l'&eacute;conomiste James Buchanan. Lorsqu'on lui a demand&eacute; en 2001 s'il serait plus sage "de transf&eacute;rer les ressources directement aux individus de ces r&eacute;gions plut&ocirc;t qu'aux gouvernements", Buchanan <a href="http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=236">a r&eacute;pondu</a>:</p>

<blockquote>Oui. Dans mon analyse originale faite en 1948, j'ai sp&eacute;cifiquement soulev&eacute; ce point. D'un point de vue &eacute;conomique id&eacute;al, il faudrait d&eacute;finitivement la donner aux individus. Mon plan, &agrave; l'&eacute;poque, appliquait des taux diff&eacute;rentiels d'imposition du revenu dans les diff&eacute;rentes provinces. D&egrave;s qu'on fait les transferts de gouvernement &agrave; gouvernement, on se retrouve avec une autre source majeure d'inefficacit&eacute;.</blockquote></td></tr></table>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Histoire de 328 millions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001021.html" />
    <modified>2006-06-03T04:32:38Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-06-02T23:27:36-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1021</id>
    <created>2006-06-03T04:27:36Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[We already knew that the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois believes that Qu&eacute;bec will not be able to meet Kyoto's targets because of the fiscal imbalance. Now the Charest government has preemptively blamed the federal government for Qu&eacute;bec's eventual problems with Kyoto's objectives....]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject>Politique provinciale</dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">We already knew that the Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/05/20060501-184022.html">believes</a> that Qu&eacute;bec will not be able to meet Kyoto's targets <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">because of the fiscal imbalance</a>.  Now the Charest government has <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060531/CPACTUALITES/605310638/1019/CPACTUALITES">preemptively blamed</a> the federal government for Qu&eacute;bec's eventual problems with Kyoto's objectives.  Liberal Environment Minister Claude B&eacute;chard said that "[i]f the federal government decides not to contribute, we will clearly identify where the responsibility lies and why we would not achieve Kyoto".  

<p>The federal contribution under study is a sum of $328 million that would be transfered to the government of Qu&eacute;bec in order to help it meet Kyoto objectives.  But if meeting the Kyoto protocol is so important, then why couldn't the government of Qu&eacute;bec finance the remaining $328 million in the event that the federal government does not contribute?  Since Qu&eacute;bec has a GDP of about <a href="http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compt_econm/cea2_1.htm">$265 billion</a> and provincial government revenues of <a href="http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/budget/qc2006/faitsSaillants.shtml">$58 billion</a>, surely a sum of $328 million could be found for Kyoto if it were really a priority for Qu&eacute;bec.</p>

<p>When the federal government lowered its sales tax by a percentage point, Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois Finance critic Fran&ccedil;ois Legault suggested that, in the spirit of the settlement of the fiscal imbalance, the government of Qu&eacute;bec should raise its own sales tax by a percentage point: overall, Quebecers would not be more taxed than they had before, but the government of Qu&eacute;bec would have recived an additional $1.3 billion in yearly revenues.  Such a sum would have been <a href="http://vincentgeloso.blogspot.com/2006/06/comme-des-cochons-dans-la-boue.html">more than sufficient</a> to provide the missing $328 million.  But both <a href="http://lcn.canoe.com/infos/national/archives/2006/04/20060405-211355.html">PQ leader Andr&eacute; Boisclair</a> and <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/04/05/106089.html">Premier Jean Charest</a> opposed Legault's idea.  All this seems to be a concrete example of <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001017.html">Quebecers preferring</a> lower taxes to stronger environmental protection.</td><td class="EngFr">On savait d&eacute;j&agrave; que le Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois <a href="http://www2.canoe.com/infos/quebeccanada/archives/2006/05/20060501-184022.html">croit</a> que le Qu&eacute;bec n'atteindra pas les cibles de Kyoto <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">&agrave; cause du d&eacute;s&eacute;quilibre fiscal</a>.  Maintenant le gouvernement Charest a <a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20060531/CPACTUALITES/605310638/1019/CPACTUALITES">bl&acirc;m&eacute; de mani&egrave;re pr&eacute;emptive</a> le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral pour les probl&egrave;mes &eacute;ventuels du Qu&eacute;bec avec les objectifs de Kyoto.  Le ministre Lib&eacute;ral de l'Environnement Claude B&eacute;chard a dit que "[s]i jamais le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral d&eacute;cide qu'il ne contribue pas, nous allons identifier clairement o&ugrave; est la responsabilit&eacute; et pourquoi on n'atteindrait pas Kyoto".  </p>

<p>La contribution f&eacute;d&eacute;rale en question est une somme de 328 millions qui serait vers&eacute;e au gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec pour l'aider &agrave; atteindre les objectifs de Kyoto.  Mais si d'atteindre les objectifs de Kyoto est si important, alors pourquoi le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec ne pourrait-il pas financer le 328 millions restant dans l'&eacute;ventualit&eacute; o&ugrave; le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral ne contribuerait pas?  &Eacute;tant donn&eacute; que le Qu&eacute;bec a un PIB d'environ <a href="http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compt_econm/cea2_1.htm">265 milliards</a> et des recettes gouvernementales provinciales de <a href="http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/budget/qc2006/faitsSaillants.shtml">58 milliards</a>, on pourrait s&ucirc;rement trouver une somme de 328 millions pour Kyoto si c'&eacute;tait r&eacute;ellement une priorit&eacute; pour le Qu&eacute;bec.</p>

<p>Lorsque le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral a baiss&eacute; sa taxe de ventes d'un point de pourcentage, le critique des finances du Parti Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois Fran&ccedil;ois Legault a sugg&eacute;r&eacute; que, dans l'esprit du r&egrave;glement du d&eacute;s&eacute;quilibre fiscal, le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec devrait augmenter sa propre taxe de vente d'un point de pourcentage: au total, les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois n'auraient pas &eacute;t&eacute; tax&eacute;s plus qu'ils ne l'&eacute;taient auparavant, mais le gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec aurait obtenu 1,3 milliards en recettes additionnelles par ann&eacute;e.  Une telle somme aurait &eacute;t&eacute; <a href="http://vincentgeloso.blogspot.com/2006/06/comme-des-cochons-dans-la-boue.html">amplement suffisante</a> pour fournir les 328 millions manquants.  Mais autant <a href="http://lcn.canoe.com/infos/national/archives/2006/04/20060405-211355.html">le chef du PQ Andr&eacute; Boisclair</a> que le <a href="http://www.ledevoir.com/2006/04/05/106089.html">Premier ministre Jean Charest</a> se sont oppos&eacute;s &agrave; l'id&eacute;e de Legault.  Tout cela semble &ecirc;tre un exemple concret des Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001017.html">pr&eacute;f&eacute;rant</a> les baisses de taxes &agrave; un renforcement des protections environnementales.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
    </content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title><![CDATA[Retour sur les valeurs qu&eacute;b&eacute;coises]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001020.html" />
    <modified>2006-05-31T18:21:33Z</modified>
    <issued>2006-05-31T11:29:03-05:00</issued>
    <id>tag:www.polyscopique.com,2006:/blog//1.1020</id>
    <created>2006-05-31T16:29:03Z</created>
    <summary type="text/plain"><![CDATA[As Qu&eacute;bec sovereignists became reluctant to use identity-based arguments after the fallout from Jacques Parizeau's 'money and the ethnic vote' speech in 1995, two other types of sovereignist arguments eventually gained in prominence: the economic argument centered on the fiscal...]]></summary>
    <author>
      <name>Laurent</name>
      
      <email>polyscopique@yahoo.ca</email>
    </author>
    <dc:subject><![CDATA[Politique f&eacute;d&eacute;rale]]></dc:subject>
    <content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/">
      <![CDATA[<table cellpadding="10"><tr><td class="EngFr">As Qu&eacute;bec sovereignists became reluctant to use <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001010.html">identity-based arguments</a> after the fallout from Jacques Parizeau's '<a href="http://www.uni.ca/money_ethnics.html">money and the ethnic vote</a>' speech in 1995, two other types of sovereignist arguments eventually gained in prominence: the <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">economic argument</a> centered on the fiscal imbalance and the ideological argument, which posits that Qu&eacute;bec's political and ideological values differ so radically from those of the rest of Canada that co-habitation within the same country becomes impossible.  Typically, sovereignists have claimed that Quebecers are fundamentally left-leaning and social democrats whereas the rest of Canada is conservative and that this means that the federal government, even when led by the Liberal Party, is necessarily too conservative for Quebecers' taste.

<p>Sovereignists were not the only ones to act on the belief that Qu&eacute;bec is a left-leaning stronghold.  The federal Liberals and NDP argued, for example during the <a href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060109/ELXN_debate_transcript_060109/20060110/">2006 English language leaders' debate</a>, that the rest of Canada shares Qu&eacute;bec's progressive values and that these parties are the best federalist parties to represent Qu&eacute;bec and <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000541.html">Canadian values</a>.  Many analysts, both inside and outside Qu&eacute;bec, predicted in 2004-2005 that the election of a Conservative government in Ottawa would alienate Quebecers and fuel separatism.</p>

<p>In March 2004, when I was a lonely voice talking about the possibility of Conservative successes in Qu&eacute;bec, I argued that the Conservative Party should play down the left-right axis in Qu&eacute;bec and rather present itself as a <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000455.html">decentralist alternative</a> to the Liberals and the Bloc.  I pointed out how "the belief that the government in Ottawa cannot be the solution to all our problems and that local and provincial governments are often better suited to the task" could be the glue to bind moderate Qu&eacute;bec nationalists and federalists, alienated Westerners and conservatives in Ontario and the Maritimes.  It is now accepted that the turning point of the 2006 federal election in Qu&eacute;bec was Harper's <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000952.html">Qu&eacute;bec City speech</a> on open federalism. Chantal H&eacute;bert <a href="http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1144965013195&call_pageid=970599119419">recently</a> added that "[g]iven a choice between a so-called progressive federal government that intervenes in the social policies of the provinces and one that is more conservative and does not, francophone Quebecers, to this day, will pick the latter."</p>

<p>In a <a href="http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:3i_sOPlm7jYJ:www.nextcity.com/main/town/6dictat.htm">1997 article</a> published in the magazine Next City, Stephen Harper and Tom Flanagan agreed with this analysis.  Far from seeing conservatism as a threat to <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000846.html">national unity</a>, they wrote that "only a conservative vision that takes government back to its proper role, and thereby concedes to Quebec the space required for its own civil society, can hold the country together for the long term".  But they went even further and suggested that many Quebecers are closer to conservative values than is usually thought:</p>

<blockquote>Quebec nationalism, while not in itself a conservative movement, appeals to the kinds of voters who in other provinces support conservative parties. The Bloc Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois is strongest in rural Quebec, among voters who would not be out of place in Red Deer, except that they speak French rather than English. They are nationalist for much the same reason that Albertans are populist &mdash; they care about their local identity and the culture that nourishes it, and they see the federal government as a threat to their way of life.</blockquote>

<p>Paul Wells, with the benefit of hindsight, recently underscored in a <a href="http://www.macleans.ca/switchboard/columnists/article.jsp?content=20060522_127040_127040">Macleans' article</a> the importance of this 1997 article and wrote that many Quebecers are just as tired of high taxes than other Canadians are.  Therefore, Harper's gambit, which has worked up to now, "was to speak to Quebecers about the ways they are like the rest of his pan-Canadian voter coalition, not about the esoteric differences. It is inherently a unifying discourse."  Wells <a href="http://weblogs.macleans.ca/paulwells/archives/week_2006_02_26-2006_03_04.asp#002189">also pointed to polls</a> showing that a clear majority of Quebecers agree with the Conservative plan to raise the age of sexual consent from 14 to 16 and with Harper's child-care plan, which leads Wells to write that "Harper's on the winning side of public opinion, in a debate that pits him squarely against an elite Quebec consensus."</p>

<p>I had previously <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000661.html">pointed out</a> that differences of opinion between Qu&eacute;bec and the rest of Canada were often exaggerated and that Quebecers were often quite divided on issues that were supposed to be part of the '<i>consensus qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois</i>'.  I wrote that "the reality is that Quebecers are still divided on these kind of [...] issues and that it is risky to claim that a position or its opposite represents a Qu&eacute;bec value".  On other issues, such as <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000813.html">crime</a>, popular opinion in Qu&eacute;bec is diametrically opposed to that of the political and media elite.</p>

<p>The reason for Stephen Harper's rising popularity in Qu&eacute;bec is that many Quebecers feel respected by him, not only because of his open federalism, but also because, for a substantial proportion of them, he is giving their values a place that had been denied by Qu&eacute;bec's elite.  The main casualty of the Conservative breakthrough in 2006, and of other events such as the publication of the manifesto <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000922.html">For a clear-eyed vision of Qu&eacute;bec</a>, has been the myth of a monolithically social-democrat public opinion in Qu&eacute;bec.</p>

<p>UPDATE 13h22: Read also <a href="http://vincentgeloso.blogspot.com/2006/05/les-qubcois-sont-ils-de-gauche.html">Vincent Geloso</a>.</td><td class="EngFr">Alors que les souverainistes qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois sont devenus r&eacute;ticents &agrave; mettre de l'avant des <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001010.html">arguments identitaires</a> apr&egrave;s le discours de Jacques Parizeau sur "<a href="http://www.uni.ca/argent_ethniques.html">l'argent et les votes ethniques</a>" en 1995, deux autres types d'arguments souverainistes ont &eacute;ventuellement gagn&eacute; en importance: <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/001006.html">l'argument &eacute;conomique</a> bas&eacute; sur le d&eacute;s&eacute;quilibre fiscal et l'argument id&eacute;ologique, qui postule que les valeurs politiques et id&eacute;ologiques du Qu&eacute;bec diff&egrave;rent si radicalement de celles du reste du Canada que la cohabitation au sein d'un m&ecirc;me pays devient impossible.  Les souverainistes ont typiquement affirm&eacute; que les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois tendent fondamentalement vers la gauche et la social-d&eacute;mocratie alors que le reste du Canada est conservateur et que cela signifie que le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral, m&ecirc;me lorsqu'il est dirig&eacute; par le Parti Lib&eacute;ral, est n&eacute;cessairement trop conservateur au go&ucirc;t des Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois.</p>

<p>Les souverainistes n'ont pas &eacute;t&eacute; les seuls &agrave; asseoir leur action sur l'id&eacute;e que le Qu&eacute;bec est un bastion de gauche.  Les Lib&eacute;raux f&eacute;d&eacute;raux et le NPD ont plaid&eacute;, par exemple au cours du <a href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060109/ELXN_debate_transcript_060109/20060110/">d&eacute;bat des chefs en anglais de 2006</a>, que le reste du Canada partage les valeurs progressistes du Qu&eacute;bec et que ces partis sont donc les meilleurs partis f&eacute;d&eacute;ralistes pour repr&eacute;senter les valeurs qu&eacute;b&eacute;coises et <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000541.html">canadiennes</a>.  Bien des analystes, au Qu&eacute;bec comme hors Qu&eacute;bec, ont pr&eacute;dit en 2004-2005 que l'&eacute;lection d'un gouvernement Conservateur &agrave; Ottawa ali&egrave;nerait les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois et nourrirait le s&eacute;paratisme.</p>

<p>En mars 2004, lorsque j'&eacute;tais une des rares voix &agrave; parler de la possibilit&eacute; de succ&egrave;s Conservateurs au Qu&eacute;bec, j'ai affirm&eacute; que le Parti Conservateur devrait relativiser l'axe gauche-droite au Qu&eacute;bec et plut&ocirc;t se pr&eacute;senter comme une <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000455.html">alternative d&eacute;centralisatrice</a> aux Lib&eacute;raux et au Bloc.  J'ai signal&eacute; comment "la conviction que le gouvernement &agrave; Ottawa ne peut pas &ecirc;tre la solution &agrave; tous nos probl&egrave;mes et que les gouvernements locaux et provinciaux sont souvent mieux adapt&eacute;s &agrave; la t&acirc;che" pourrait &ecirc;tre la colle liant les nationalistes et f&eacute;d&eacute;ralistes mod&eacute;r&eacute;s du Qu&eacute;bec, les gens de l'Ouest ali&eacute;n&eacute;s ainsi que les conservateurs de l'Ontario et des Maritimes.  Il est maintenant reconnu que le point tournant des &eacute;lections f&eacute;d&eacute;rales 2006 au Qu&eacute;bec a &eacute;t&eacute; <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000952.html">le discours de Harper</a> &agrave; Qu&eacute;bec sur le f&eacute;d&eacute;ralisme d'ouverture. Chantal H&eacute;bert <a href="http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1144965013195&call_pageid=970599119419">a r&eacute;cemment</a> ajout&eacute; que "s'ils ont &agrave; choisir entre un gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral soi-disant progressiste qui intervient dans les politiques sociales des provinces et un qui est plus conservateur mais n'y intervient pas, les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois francophones, jusqu'&agrave; ce jour, choissisent la deuxi&egrave;me option."</p>

<p>Dans un <a href="http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:3i_sOPlm7jYJ:www.nextcity.com/main/town/6dictat.htm">article publi&eacute; en 1997</a> dans le magazine <i>Next City</i>, Stephen Harper et Tom Flanagan &eacute;taient d'accord avec cette analyse.  Loin de voir le conservatisme comme une menace &agrave; <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000846.html">l'unit&eacute; nationale</a>, ils ont &eacute;crit que "seule une vision conservatrice qui recentre le gouvernement sur son r&ocirc;le appropri&eacute;, et c&egrave;de ainsi au Qu&eacute;bec l'espace requis pour sa propre soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile, peut garder ce pays uni &agrave; long terme".  Mais ils sont all&eacute;s encore plus loin et ont sugg&eacute;r&eacute; que plusieurs Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois sont plus pr&egrave;s des valeurs conservatrices qu'on le pense:</p>

<blockquote>Le nationalisme qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois, bien qu'il ne soit pas en soi un mouvement conservateur, attire le genre d'&eacute;lecteurs qui, dans les autres provinces, appuient des partis conservateurs. Le Bloc Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois est &agrave; son plus fort dans le Qu&eacute;bec des r&eacute;gions, parmi des &eacute;lecteurs qui ne sont pas si diff&eacute;rents de ceux de Red Deer si ce n'est qu'ils parlent fran&ccedil;ais plut&ocirc;t qu'anglais. Ils sont nationalistes pour &agrave; peu pr&egrave;s les m&ecirc;mes raisons pour lesquelles les Albertains sont populistes &mdash; ils tiennent &agrave; leur identit&eacute; locale et &agrave; la culture qui la soutient, et ils voient dans le gouvernement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral une menace &agrave; leur mode de vie.</blockquote>

<p>Paul Wells, avec le recul de temps, a r&eacute;cemment soulign&eacute; dans <a href="http://www.macleans.ca/switchboard/columnists/article.jsp?content=20060522_127040_127040">un article de Macleans'</a> l'importance de cet article de 1997 et il a &eacute;crit que beaucoup de Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois sont tout aussi lass&eacute;s de porter un lourd fardeau fiscal que le sont les autres Canadiens et que le discours de Harper, m&ecirc;me lorsqu'il n'est pas sp&eacute;cifiquement con&ccedil;u pour les Qu&eacute;becois, attire plusieurs d'entre eux.  Wells <a href="http://weblogs.macleans.ca/paulwells/archives/week_2006_02_26-2006_03_04.asp#002189">a aussi point&eacute; du doigt des sondages</a> qui montrent qu'une majorit&eacute; claire de Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois sont d'accord avec le plan Conservateur de hausser l'&acirc;ge du consentement sexuel de 14 &agrave; 16 ans et avec le plan de Harper sur la garde des enfants, ce qui am&egrave;ne Wells &agrave; &eacute;crire que "Harper est en train de gagner la bataille de l'opinion publique dans un d&eacute;bat qui le met clairement en opposition au consensus de l'&eacute;lite qu&eacute;b&eacute;coise."</p>

<p>J'avais pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000661.html">signal&eacute;</a> que les diff&eacute;rences d'opinion entre le Qu&eacute;bec et le reste du Canada ont souvent &eacute;t&eacute; exag&eacute;r&eacute;es et que les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois sont souvent bien divis&eacute;s sur les questions qui sont cens&eacute;s faire partie du "<i>consensus qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois</i>".  J'ai &eacute;crit que "la r&eacute;alit&eacute; est que les Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois restent divis&eacute;s sur ce genre de questions [...] et qu'il est hasardeux de proclamer qu'une position ou son contraire repr&eacute;sente une valeur qu&eacute;b&eacute;coise.".  Sur d'autres enjeux, comme la <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000813.html">criminalit&eacute;</a>, l'opinion populaire au Qu&eacute;bec est diam&eacute;tralement &agrave; l'oppos&eacute; de celle de l'&eacute;lite politique et m&eacute;diatique.</p>

<p>La raison de la popularit&eacute; croissante de Stephen Harper au Qu&eacute;bec est que bien des Qu&eacute;b&eacute;cois se sentent respect&eacute;s par lui, non seulement &agrave; cause de son f&eacute;d&eacute;ralisme d'ouverture, mais aussi parce que, pour plusieurs d'entre eux, il donne &agrave; leurs valeurs une place qui leur avait &eacute;t&eacute; refus&eacute;e par l'&eacute;lite qu&eacute;b&eacute;coise.  La principale victime faite par la perc&eacute;e Conservatrice en 2006, et par d'autres &eacute;v&egrave;nements tels que la publication du manifeste <a href="http://www.polyscopique.com/blog/archives/000922.html">Pour un Qu&eacute;bec lucide</a>, a &eacute;t&eacute; le mythe d'une opinion publique monolithiquement social-d&eacute;mocrate au Qu&eacute;bec.</p>

<p>MISE &Agrave; JOUR 13h22: Lire aussi <a href="http://vincentgeloso.blogspot.com/2006/05/les-qubcois-sont-ils-de-gauche.html">Vincent Geloso</a>.</td></tr></table></p>]]>
      
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