<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084</id><updated>2026-05-15T01:16:56.025-07:00</updated><category term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><category term="CURIOSIDADES"/><category term="UTILIDADE PÚBLICA"/><category term="DICAS"/><category term="SEGURANÇA"/><title type='text'>Portal da eletricidade</title><subtitle type='html'>Electrum movet mundum! (Eletricidade move o mundo!)</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>25</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-996380068513554694</id><published>2019-07-14T05:36:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2019-07-14T05:36:51.035-07:00</updated><title type='text'>O que são Comandos Elétricos?</title><content type='html'>Hoje, a eletricidade está presente em todas as áreas que podemos pensar e nas indústrias é a área onde mais está presente os &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/comandos-eletricos/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Comandos Elétricos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Comandos elétricos são usados para o acionamento de máquinas e equipamentos elétricos, e eles podem ser divididos em dois módulos, o de equipamentos e motores elétricos e também o de controle, para os dispositivos de acionamento e sinalização. Os motores que podem ser ligados são os monofásicos, bifásicos e também os trifásicos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Quais são os principais componentes de Comandos Elétricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
Confira abaixo a lista dos principais componentes de Comandos elétricos:&lt;br /&gt;
- Botoeiras&lt;br /&gt;
- Relés&lt;br /&gt;
- Contatores&lt;br /&gt;
- Sinalizadores&lt;br /&gt;
- Fusíveis&lt;br /&gt;
- Disjuntores&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Por que é importante a &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/comandos-eletricos/partida-estrela-triangulo/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Partida Estrela Triângulo&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A partida estrela triângulo em casos específicos, por isso é importante você estudar para saber exatamente quando e onde aplicar esse tipo de partida de motor elétrico, para que você não tenha problema com o torque do motor, quando reduzir a corrente elétrica de partida.&lt;br /&gt;
Esse tipo de partida tem a função de reduzir a corrente elétrica de pico quando ocorre a partida do motor elétrico, para que essa partida possa ser a mais suave possível para não elevar a corrente elétrica mas mesmo assim ter o mesmo torque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Como é o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/cursos/curso-de-comandos-eletricos/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Curso de Comandos Elétricos&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
O curso de comandos elétricos é essencial para quem quer atuar no setor industrial e para quem quer conquistar novas oportunidades no mercado de trabalho, conseguindo ganhar mais e tendo mais visibilidade na empresa onde atua.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Conclusão&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Então é isso pessoal, aqui esta uma breve introdução sobre o que são comandos elétricos e porque é importante você ficar por dentro, para poder atuar neste setor e conseguir ganhar mais nos próximos meses e anos, além de ter um conhecimento avançado e sair na frente do seus concorrentes.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Se você quer ler assuntos técnicos completos na área da elétrica, acesse nosso blog&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Portal da Engenharia&lt;/a&gt; e fique por dentro de tudo.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/996380068513554694/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2019/07/o-que-sao-comandos-eletricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/996380068513554694'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/996380068513554694'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2019/07/o-que-sao-comandos-eletricos.html' title='O que são Comandos Elétricos?'/><author><name>Vinicius</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07485361420678645427</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-5113637736583518087</id><published>2019-07-14T04:55:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2019-07-14T04:55:56.917-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Por que o Curso de Eletricista é tão importante? </title><content type='html'>O mercado em geral está crescendo e com a área de instalação elétrica não é diferente. Para isso fazer um &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/cursos/curso-de-eletricista/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Curso de Eletricista&lt;/a&gt; se tornou muito importante.&lt;br /&gt;
Ser um especialista com instalações elétricas hoje em dia é essencial e é um diferencial que você pode ter, para sair na frente dos seus concorrentes e conseguir algum serviço pela sua capacidade profissional.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
A importância de se posicionar no mercado&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Como falei no começo deste artigo, qualquer área do mercado de trabalho tem muitos profissionais disputando por alguma vaga ou algum serviço, e você vai encontrar concorrentes todos os dias em todas as obras que você for fazer.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Com certeza, um cliente sério vai querer contratar algum profissional que tenha feito o &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/cursos/curso-de-eletricista/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Curso de Eletricista Residencial&lt;/a&gt; para fazer a instalação elétrica na sua casa, pois ele não vai querer ter problemas futuros para ter que gastar ainda mais dinheiro.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Isso pode ser um diferencial, já que você pode se posicionar como um profissional que adquire conhecimento através de diversos treinamentos para sempre ser melhor na sua área.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Além disso, uma outra maneira que você tem de se diferenciar dos seus concorrentes é sendo a referencia na sua cidade.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Mas como fazer isso?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Para você se tornar uma referência no mercado onde atua, com certeza não conseguirá isso do dia para a noite. É um trabalho que você vai conquistando com o tempo, mas é algo que com certeza você vai conseguir se fazer um trabalho sério e bem feito.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Maneiras de conseguir ser referência no mercado&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Para você se tornar referência no mercado da elétrica tem algumas maneiras e vou listar aqui para você saber e conseguir ganhar mais dinheiro nos próximos meses e anos. Confira abaixo:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
- Indicação dos seus clientes: Quando você faz um trabalho bem feito automaticamente você tem a indicação de seus clientes e assim consegue mais serviços e sua autoridade só aumenta na sua cidade e região.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
- Trabalhando com redes sociais: Para você se tornar uma referência no mercado de instalações elétricas é preciso divulgar seu trabalho para que as pessoas possam conferir a qualidade dele. Por isso é importante você usar o facebook e instagram para divulgar eles e crescer o número de clientes.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
- Se especializar: Faça treinamentos de elétricas e além deles faça treinamentos também de como vender seu serviço, para você ter mais facilidade de fechar contratos com clientes.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
Conclusão&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
Então é isso pessoal, aqui está alguma das dicas que gostaria de passar para vocês, se vocês gostaram, confira mais dicas no nosso blog&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Portal da Engenharia&lt;/a&gt; e fique por dentro de tudo que acontece na área da elétrica.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/5113637736583518087/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2019/07/por-que-o-curso-de-eletricista-e-tao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5113637736583518087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5113637736583518087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2019/07/por-que-o-curso-de-eletricista-e-tao.html' title='Por que o Curso de Eletricista é tão importante? '/><author><name>Vinicius</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07485361420678645427</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-651382294345751139</id><published>2018-02-28T11:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2019-04-05T02:18:43.155-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lei de OH</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A Lei de Ohm foi criada por Georg Ohm&#39;s e o funcionamento é basicamente a razão entre a tensão entre dois pontos, chamado de ddp e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/corrente-eletrica/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;corrente elétrica&lt;/a&gt;, que&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;é constante.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Essa constante é denominada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;resistência elétrica, que nada mais é que&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;uma oposição a passagem de corrente elétrica por um material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Essa lei é uma das mais importantes leis na área da &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/historia-da-eletricidade/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;eletricidade&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Neste artigo vamos falar sobre:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;1. Primeira Lei de Ohm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;2. Triângulo da Lei de Ohm&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;3. Exercício resolvidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Veja também:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/energia-eolica/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Como funciona a energia eólica?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com.br/2017/03/lampadas-led-como-funcionam.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lampadas LED - Como funcionam?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com.br/2017/02/o-triangulo-das-potencias.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;O Triângulo das Potências&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/corrente-eletrica/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Corrente Elétrica - É simples como você pensa?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/instalacoes-eletricas/nbr-5410/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;NBR 5410&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Resultado de imagem para lei de ohm&quot; class=&quot;rg_ic rg_i&quot; data-src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgy5vL5hULTIiF-wztLyTwMjJi4JPOvMJOd3Gh_yfLGqxHufYf&quot; height=&quot;356&quot; jsaction=&quot;load:str.tbn&quot; name=&quot;MjPnFmwDNcmN7M:&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgy5vL5hULTIiF-wztLyTwMjJi4JPOvMJOd3Gh_yfLGqxHufYf&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -16px;&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;PRIMEIRA LEI DE OHM&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; font-family: georgia, &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;, serif; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;primeira Lei de Ohm&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;afirma que a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;corrente elétrica&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;que atravessa um dispositivo será diretamente proporcional à diferença de potencial aplicada a esse dispositivo, e podemos até dizer que isso é uma regra que ocorrerá sempre.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Na imagem abaixo podemos ver essa aplicação simplificada através de um gráfico, onde a tensão (ddp) está crescendo proporcionalmente com a corrente elétrica. E através dessa proporcionalidade também podemos considerar que se acaso estivéssemos medindo um equipamento, ele seria ôhmico, e para ele ser considerado não ôhmico o valor da corrente não seguiria a mesma proporção da ddp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTSxuuQ2XyHO6wtBX0NPUuI_kCSJne_AP5lQR68NsfGFB_BfA8I&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Resultado de imagem para corrente x ddp&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;rg_ic rg_i&quot; data-src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTSxuuQ2XyHO6wtBX0NPUuI_kCSJne_AP5lQR68NsfGFB_BfA8I&quot; jsaction=&quot;load:str.tbn&quot; name=&quot;a4bu8nGTpoVTYM:&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTSxuuQ2XyHO6wtBX0NPUuI_kCSJne_AP5lQR68NsfGFB_BfA8I&quot; style=&quot;height: 200px; margin-top: -4px; width: 228px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A equação&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;U = R.i&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é frequentemente denominada de 1ª lei de Ohm, mas essa equação é utilizada para definir o conceito de resistência e pode ser também aplicada para materiais não ôhmicos. (Fonte: Mundo educação)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Com base na equação desenvolvida por Geord Ohm&#39;s, podemos ver que são usadas as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;grandezas tensão elétrica, corrente elétrica e resistências elétrica e é possível que você ache uma dessas grandezas tendo já os valores das outras duas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;TRIÂNGULO DA LEI DE OHM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Para facilitar o desenvolvimento e entendimento da lei de Ohm, desenvolveram o que todos chamam de triângulo da Lei de Ohm e que é muito fácil de ser usado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Esse triângulo funciona da seguinte forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Resultado de imagem para triangulo da lei de ohm&quot; class=&quot;rg_ic rg_i&quot; height=&quot;153&quot; jsaction=&quot;load:str.tbn&quot; name=&quot;gqlgsp0PIUlfXM:&quot; src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64,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&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: georgia, &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;, serif; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30px 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Tendo os valores da Tensão e Corrente e não da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Resistência&lt;/span&gt;, é só eu&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;dividir&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a Tensão (U) pela Corrente (I);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Tendo os valores da Resistência e Corrente e não o da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Tensão&lt;/span&gt;, é só eu&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;multiplicar&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a Resistência (Ω) pela Corrente (I);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Tendo os valores da Tensão e Resistência e não o da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Corrente&lt;/span&gt;, é só eu&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;dividir&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;os valores da Tensão (U) pela Resistência (Ω).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;open sans&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;3. EXERCÍCIOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A seguir mostrares alguns exercícios resolvidos e explicados de forma simples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;1.)&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;(VUNESP) Os valores nominais de uma lâmpada incandescente, usada em uma lanterna, são: 6,0 V; 20 mA. Isso significa que a resistência elétrica do seu filamento é de:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;a) 150 Ω, sempre, com a lâmpada acesa ou apagada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;b) 300 Ω, sempre, com a lâmpada acesa ou apagada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;c) 300 Ω com a lâmpada acesa e tem um valor bem maior quando apagada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;d) 300 Ω com a lâmpada acesa e tem um valor bem menor quando apagada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;e) 600 Ω com a lâmpada acesa e tem um valor bem maior quando apagada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;RESPOSTA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A resposta correta é a letra D. Vamos entender.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Aplicando a relação U = R . i, temos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;6 = R . 20 x 10 – 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;R = 6 ÷ 20 x 10 – 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;R = 300 Ω&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A resistência é variável com o aumento de temperatura. Então, como a temperatura do filamento é bem menor quando a lâmpada está apagada, a resistência também é menor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;2-) Determine a corrente elétrica que flui por um resistor de 1 kΩ quando ele é submetido a uma ddp de 200 V.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;a) 0,5 A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;b) 2 dA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;c) 4 A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;d) 0,02 A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;e) 1 A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;RESPOSTA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A resposta correta é a letra B. Vamos entender.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = R . i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;200 = 1000 . i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;i = 200/1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;i = 0,2 = 2,0 x 10 - 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Como o prefixo multiplicativo “deci” equivale a 10 – 1, o resultado será:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;i = 2 dA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;3-) (UCSal-BA) Um resistor de 100 Ω é percorrido por uma corrente elétrica de 20 mA. A ddp entre os terminais do resistor, em volts, é igual a:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;a) 2,0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;b) 5,0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;c) 2,0 . 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;d) 2,0 . 103&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;e) 5,0 . 103&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;RESPOSTA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A resposta correta é a letra A. Vamos entender.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; padding-top: 10px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = R . i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = 100 . 20 . 10-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = 2000 . 10-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = 2,0 V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;4-) (Uneb-BA) Um resistor ôhmico, quando submetido a uma ddp de 40 V, é atravessado por uma corrente elétrica de intensidade 20 A. Quando a corrente que o atravessa for igual a 4 A, a ddp, em volts, nos seus terminais, será:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;a) 8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;b) 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;c) 16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;d) 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;e) 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;RESPOSTA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A resposta correta é a letra A. Vamos entender.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; padding-top: 10px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Inicialmente, temos que encontrar o valor da resistência:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;R =&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;U&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;R =&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;40&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;R = 2Ω&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = R . i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = 2 . 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;U = 8 V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Conta para nós.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Gostou do artigo, ficou alguma dúvida a respeito da primeira Lei de Ohm?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Deixe seu comentário e não esqueça de compartilhar o post nas suas redes sociais!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Quer se tornar um profissional na área da elétrica? Faça o &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/cursos/curso-de-eletricista&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Curso de Eletricista&lt;/a&gt; agora mesmo e se torne um profissional diferenciado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Autor Convidado:&lt;i&gt; Vinicius Almeida&lt;/i&gt;, do blog &lt;a href=&quot;http://portaldaengenharia.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Portal da Engenharia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;raleway&amp;quot;; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;raleway&amp;quot;; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;raleway&amp;quot;; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;Já é eletricista? Então baixe a &lt;a href=&quot;https://portaldaengenharia.com/instalacoes-eletricas/nbr-5410/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Norma NBR 5410&lt;/a&gt; para trabalhar com segurança&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/651382294345751139/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2018/02/lei-de-ohm_28.html#comment-form' title='5 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/651382294345751139'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/651382294345751139'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2018/02/lei-de-ohm_28.html' title='Lei de OH'/><author><name>Vinicius</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07485361420678645427</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-6125612356744719741</id><published>2017-05-04T19:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-07-07T02:22:06.002-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CURIOSIDADES"/><title type='text'>HVDC</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;HVDC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb61swGPUXDhxprH84qiTHZ6y6SdEgKmximeSAovCuao0LzRb99UGyn4quh2hGYDsd2av8LzpKgw8gppEgyvO96LIXBTqEFVk1bBW1zlOwgz9xlKpISDHx_IEcMy8bIcMfCIIokFJVlJ0G/s1600/hvdc_diagrama.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;216&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb61swGPUXDhxprH84qiTHZ6y6SdEgKmximeSAovCuao0LzRb99UGyn4quh2hGYDsd2av8LzpKgw8gppEgyvO96LIXBTqEFVk1bBW1zlOwgz9xlKpISDHx_IEcMy8bIcMfCIIokFJVlJ0G/s640/hvdc_diagrama.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O que é HVDC?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica em potência sempre foram um desafio para a eletrotécnica. Ja no século passado discussões sobre utilização de corrente contínua e corrente alternada renderam polêmicas, e até exageros entre grandes nomes da Física como &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;é o&lt;/span&gt; caso de Thomas Edison ao eletrocutar animais em público para provar que o uso de CA em grande escala era extremamente perigoso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O termo HVDC vem da abreviação em inglês &lt;i&gt;High Voltage Direct Current&lt;/i&gt;, ou simplesmente em português Corrente Contínua em Alta Tensão. Descobriu-se ser mais vantajoso transmitir para longas distancias em CC, pelo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;fato
 que a perda em linhas de Transmissão de corrente alternada(CA) 
compreender em duas: a perda pela resistência pura, ou Ohmica do condutor
 (que numa longa linha de transmissão é considerável), e da reatância 
(proveniente da auto indução&amp;nbsp; sofrida pelo cabo na variação constante de
 sentido da corrente elétrica). Já em corrente contínua, apenas 
consideramos a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;resistência do condutor do sistema.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Em um sistema HVDC, a 
eletricidade é tirada de uma rede geradora de corrente alternada, convertida para
 corrente contínua em uma estação conversora e transmitida ao ponto de 
consumo através de uma linha de transmissão ou por cabos. Em seguida, é 
novamente convertida em CA em outra estação conversora e injetada na 
rede de CA. A HVDC permite que o fluxo de energia seja controlado 
rapidamente e com precisão, e melhora o desempenho, eficiência e 
economia das redes CA ligadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;São elementos básicos em um sistema HVDC:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fonte geradora CA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subestações retificadoras&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;(recebem CA, elevam e retificam para a linha de transmissão)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subestações inversoras&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (recebem CC, invertem e abaixam para a distibuição aos consumidores finais) &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieWlQ_120JajRFe4nMCi_PW0yLXoHNuN9NPGhSZiGwoaofe6S-BER_iWeSf62Ldl3Am7MpvNQfouk3NDiDsEHtdFJi6o894spfb2DbG8-gzPOFWT7QjE2Kd4fDs8VjlqJ8UIRB2zl7glFt/s1600/valve+hall+-+HVDC.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieWlQ_120JajRFe4nMCi_PW0yLXoHNuN9NPGhSZiGwoaofe6S-BER_iWeSf62Ldl3Am7MpvNQfouk3NDiDsEHtdFJi6o894spfb2DbG8-gzPOFWT7QjE2Kd4fDs8VjlqJ8UIRB2zl7glFt/s320/valve+hall+-+HVDC.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Valve hall - Siemens - Wellington, Nova Zelândia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O conversor usualmente é instalado numa construção chamada de sala de 
válvulas(ou valve hall em inglês). Inicialmente, sistemas HVDC usavam válvulas 
de arco de mercúrio; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;o problema-chave na evolução inicial do HVDC foi como desenvolver 
válvulas confiáveis e econômicas que convertessem corrente alternada de 
alta tensão em corrente contínua de alta tensão e vice-versa.&lt;/span&gt; Mas desde meados de 1970, dispositivos de estado sólido 
como tiristores&amp;nbsp;foram usados. Em conversores baseados em 
tiristores, muitos tiristores são conectados em série para formar uma válvula de 
tiristor e cada conversor consiste em seis ou doze válvulas de tiristor. As 
válvulas de tiristor são usualmente agrupadas em pares ou grupos de quatro e 
podem ficar em cima de isoladores no chão ou suspensas por isoladores no 
teto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6DX3uzP36J1WtZHWHwURROJj3fPuNGQDZwrmAEs7Tsi3hgRw53DacgK0OwLDSZSODamnGiJWYFfwwA_BTzbMRZsEHR-MeGQ9U6UAqAR84XLl7OSjWcgUCdRNcbOgruM2RktzowHTDDOFS/s1600/DemonstradorHVDC_VSC_ALSTOM+UK.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6DX3uzP36J1WtZHWHwURROJj3fPuNGQDZwrmAEs7Tsi3hgRw53DacgK0OwLDSZSODamnGiJWYFfwwA_BTzbMRZsEHR-MeGQ9U6UAqAR84XLl7OSjWcgUCdRNcbOgruM2RktzowHTDDOFS/s320/DemonstradorHVDC_VSC_ALSTOM+UK.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Valve Hall, marca Alstom com IGBT&#39;s, Reino Unido&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Conversores comutados pela linha requerem tensão da rede CA para comutação, 
mas desde os anos 90, conversores completamente controláveis começaram a ser 
usados para HVDC. Conversores completamente controláveis&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot;&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;usam transistores IGBT&amp;nbsp;no lugar de 
tiristores e podem prover energia para um sistema CA&amp;nbsp;desenergizado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Praticamente todos os conversores usados para HVDC são capazes de operar com 
conversão de potência em um ou em outro sentido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Brasil e Paraguai se uniram em 1974 para criar a 
empresa Itaipu Binacional, que construiu a maior usina hidrelétrica do 
mundo para geração de energia. Quase 20% da energia do Brasil e mais de 
90% da energia do Paraguai é fornecida pela gigantesca barragem de 
Itaipu, de 14.000 megawatts, no rio Paraná. Metade do sistema de geração utilizado na Usina trabalha com a ferequencia de 50Hz (10 turbinas) e a outra metade na frequência de 60Hz. Como a frequência utilizada no Paraguai é de 50Hz, houve necessidade de que o excedente não utilizado pelo Paraguai fosse convertido para a frequência de 60Hz para ser utilizada no Brasil, na subestação isolada a gás (GIS), &lt;i&gt;fabricada e montada pela Asea Brown-Bovery Suiça(ABB).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;A ABB forneceu ainda duas linhas de energia de corrente contínua em alta tensão&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg86Xl8vMSjwPgcRBGctyF4v_17kOyZTLhisa2p-QTCMi9k3_L502h3R5uDTtnVuA5ijrWEUZaixAEgCXxvAYgWsoFpjZKdBv-YE6ATHjkW6ZpocVV04ALh4k-SiOJVK7GR5hcpgcVXFQXB/s1600/ITAIPU_03_copy_195.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg86Xl8vMSjwPgcRBGctyF4v_17kOyZTLhisa2p-QTCMi9k3_L502h3R5uDTtnVuA5ijrWEUZaixAEgCXxvAYgWsoFpjZKdBv-YE6ATHjkW6ZpocVV04ALh4k-SiOJVK7GR5hcpgcVXFQXB/s1600/ITAIPU_03_copy_195.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;Linha HVDC de Itaipu, ligando SP e RJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
(HVDC) em 1984 e 1987, 
que fornecem energia a uma distância de mais de 800 km para Ibiúna, São Paulo. 
Por um quarto de século, as conexões de 600 quilovolts foram os maiores 
sistemas de transmissão de tensão CC do mundo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Eletrobrás Furnas, concessionária com sede no Rio de Janeiro e 
proprietária das linhas de transmissão, escolheu a tecnologia HVDC para 
parte do projeto porque ela permite a transmissão de eletricidade por 
longas distâncias, com perdas menores do que com sistemas de corrente 
alternada, mas também porque, fornecendo maior controle sobre a energia 
em si, a HVDC também permite que as redes do Paraguai e do Brasil sejam 
conectadas mesmo operando em frequências diferentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A maior linha de transmissão em corrente contínua encontra-se ligando Porto Velho(RO) a Araraquara(SP), com 2,3 mil Km de extensão, operando em tensão nominal de 600kV. Já na China,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; está a Linha de transmissão entre a usina hidrelétrica de Xiangjiaba, na região sudoeste da China, até Xangai, centro comercial e industrial líder do país, com 7200MW, operando em Ultra alta tensão (800kV).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/6125612356744719741/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/05/hvdc.html#comment-form' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6125612356744719741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6125612356744719741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/05/hvdc.html' title='HVDC'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb61swGPUXDhxprH84qiTHZ6y6SdEgKmximeSAovCuao0LzRb99UGyn4quh2hGYDsd2av8LzpKgw8gppEgyvO96LIXBTqEFVk1bBW1zlOwgz9xlKpISDHx_IEcMy8bIcMfCIIokFJVlJ0G/s72-c/hvdc_diagrama.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-2893092762758579512</id><published>2017-03-27T18:31:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2017-12-30T18:04:00.167-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CURIOSIDADES"/><title type='text'>Lampadas LED - Como funcionam?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;content clearfix&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Os LEDs são considerados uma tecnologia promissora no campo de iluminação em geral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Estima-se que até 2020, os LEDs representem 75% do mercado de iluminação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A produção em série e os preços 
competitivos dos LEDs brancos de alta eficiência abre novas perspetivas,
 não só na redução do consumo de energia mas também na forma como 
vivemos com a luz e com a iluminação do nosso ambiente profissional e 
pessoal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A sua duração de vida, comparando com a 
vida de uma luz convencional, associada a uma nova forma de conceber a 
iluminação, coloca em causa o conceito de iluminação tradicional baseado
 na substituição de uma lâmpada por outra. Da mesma forma que a 
utilização do gás revolucionou a iluminação pública no início do século 
XIX, a melhoria contínua da performance dos LEDs e os custos reduzidos 
vão revolucionar a nossa abordagem à iluminação.Mas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;De onde veio o LED?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;LED (“Light Emitting Diode”- diodo 
emissor de luz) é um semicondutor que quando submetido a energia 
elétrica, emite radiação sob a forma de luz. O primeiro LED surgiu em 
1962 e foi desenvolvido por um engenheiro da General &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZcFpB6LvRIiz9Vme9lkBGx3z2gzMVaav4XdUb2bleOqjIyGWCuSuMq9O41SJMhry6dBWJXpQoeP22TuMLYpfPP503mOmsLD6V2BCaIXIrVuQfTiyTNHN_-dJh-HoVWIFl-NUs1lKBn_oj/s1600/inventorled.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;241&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZcFpB6LvRIiz9Vme9lkBGx3z2gzMVaav4XdUb2bleOqjIyGWCuSuMq9O41SJMhry6dBWJXpQoeP22TuMLYpfPP503mOmsLD6V2BCaIXIrVuQfTiyTNHN_-dJh-HoVWIFl-NUs1lKBn_oj/s320/inventorled.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Electric – &lt;u&gt;Nick 
Holoniak Jr.&lt;/u&gt; e produzido unicamente na cor vermelha. Alguns anos mais 
tarde foram lançados nas cores verde e amarelo. Esses LED’s foram usados
 como luzes indicadoras em muitos dispositivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Após uma grande evolução tecnológica 
(através das pesquisas de Shuii Nakamura) foi desenvolvido o LED na cor 
azul. Graças a introdução desta tecnologia foi possível obter a tão 
desejada cor branca, pela combinação das três cores básicas – vermelho, 
verde e azul (RGB – “red, green and blue”), Essas cores quando 
misturadas em diferentes intensidades podem reproduzir, também, diversas
 cores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Evolução dos Encapsulamentos dos LEDs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um fator importante para garantir a qualidade de um LED de alta 
potência é o gerenciamento adequado do calor emitido pelo chip do mesmo.
 Encapsulamentos que incorporam tecnologia de ponta como o utilizado nos
 LEDs de potência LUXEON®, permitem o melhor gerenciamento da capacidade
 térmica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhERwd4gJt_88QZYlK-QEuqWIsMUxDbKZr4MAX8ndcdPys-r2DAdgp3wpCY17rTzCmWOCmSalMFKAPAIvXEeWzxsHxMaAkRct622af5VKirfFVbcDyL-ifI2fk0Rf27S38UQESUXB96doiG/s1600/encaplusalamento-de-led.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhERwd4gJt_88QZYlK-QEuqWIsMUxDbKZr4MAX8ndcdPys-r2DAdgp3wpCY17rTzCmWOCmSalMFKAPAIvXEeWzxsHxMaAkRct622af5VKirfFVbcDyL-ifI2fk0Rf27S38UQESUXB96doiG/s1600/encaplusalamento-de-led.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: move;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fonte www.solelux.com.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Através da utilização de um contato térmico dedicado, o calor é 
eficientemente transferido do chip do LED para o ambiente. Devido às 
características e capacidades únicas do projeto térmico os LEDs LUXEON® 
podem suportar temperaturas de junção mais elevadas possibilitando um 
desempenho superior na geração de luz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tá, mas como se liga? ele trabalha com corrente contínua?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Outra parte importante, mesmo que tecnologicamente &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;menos&quot; nobre, &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;é o driver de tensão, ou regulador de tensão. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É&lt;/span&gt; justamente o que re&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;tifica e regula a tensão de alimentação do LED. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os LEDs funcionam em baixa tensão e   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxkRogW01T69tlsAKRQ5dmRHhTPuzY9ihQWP_MbbjI680SZSTD9nAExQyAJD8io0qXzegqgL04gmLVM_SsuVZs6-rex3Rs_EkhurrehJeJcZfgolsG-dKC7i3w8gHrNP7hVxZxuDNtDJvC/s1600/comoacenderumled1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxkRogW01T69tlsAKRQ5dmRHhTPuzY9ihQWP_MbbjI680SZSTD9nAExQyAJD8io0qXzegqgL04gmLVM_SsuVZs6-rex3Rs_EkhurrehJeJcZfgolsG-dKC7i3w8gHrNP7hVxZxuDNtDJvC/s1600/comoacenderumled1.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;corrente   elétrica.   Um   único   LED necessita apenas de correntes com magnitudes entre 1 a 50mA  para  o  seu  funcionamento  e  devem ser     polarizados     diretamente,     podendo ser destruídos  caso  sejam  polarizados  inversamente. É  importante  que  se tenha  o controle do  nível  de tensão para que   a corrente   que circulará no arranjo  feito  para  lâmpadas  de  LED não  venha  a interferir  nas  características  de  iluminação  dos LEDs, uma  vez  que  o  nível  de brilho  da  luz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;emitida  pelo  LED  é  proporcional à corrente que circula  entre seus  terminais.  Correntes  acima  dos limites  recomendados  pelos  fabricantes  podem diminuir   a   vida   útil   dos   LEDs   inseridos   nos arranjos    que    constituem    a    lâmpada    LED, comprometendo, desta forma, o que torna os LEDs tão atrativos do ponto de vista econômico: &lt;i&gt;a sua elevada vida útil!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O controle de tensão também é importante devido à influência da corrente que circula no circuito na temperatura  de  junção  do  LED.  Um  aumento desta  temperatura  provoca  a  perda  de  eficiência de iluminação (Lúmens/Watts) do LED  e  também  pode  provocar  a  mudança na coloração da luz emitida.O  aumento  da  temperatura  de junção  também resulta num decréscimo da resistência do material do    LED,    uma    vez    que    este    semicondutor apresenta   uma   resistência   com   coeficiente   de temperatura  negativo,  o  que  pode levar  a  uma  potencialização  desse  aumento  de temperatura e ocasionar a sua queima.As  lâmpadas  de  LED  são  constituídas  por  um arranjo  contendo  vários  LEDs individuais  e  não podem ser conectadas diretamente à rede elétrica, pois    as    tensões    e    correntes    nominais    são incompatíveis,  sendo  necessária  a  conexão de drivers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMoi13fSH53Ir6Cht4A4GOIv2yAQWWTqX4kDSj6uaj4aqwlMagQzyCZ40rSgplOHui7-W2nYdBJpAt_6sRU5FWpdvYVitszSw1CfTekg_bjt4XThhj0RcUwh6a5zvTvsIJMMjKPGaoTlxy/s1600/driverled.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;104&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMoi13fSH53Ir6Cht4A4GOIv2yAQWWTqX4kDSj6uaj4aqwlMagQzyCZ40rSgplOHui7-W2nYdBJpAt_6sRU5FWpdvYVitszSw1CfTekg_bjt4XThhj0RcUwh6a5zvTvsIJMMjKPGaoTlxy/s320/driverled.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os drivers propiciam   o   controle   das grandezas    envolvidas    no    acionamento    das lâmpadas  de   LED,  disponibilizando  tensões  e correntes  dentro  dos  limites  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;especificados  pelo fabricante,  desta  forma,  assegurando  segurança  e funcionamento  adequado  das mesmas. Pode-se dizer,  que  estes circuitos funcionam como os reatores eletrônicos para lâmpadas  fluorescentes, podendo ser embutidos ou separados no conjunto das lâmpadas, dependendo dos fabricantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.abcelectronique.com/annuaire/montages/schemas/driver-a-lm317-pour-trois-led-de-puissance-2773.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Imagem relacionada&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;irc_mi&quot; height=&quot;308&quot; src=&quot;https://www.abcelectronique.com/annuaire/montages/schemas/driver-a-lm317-pour-trois-led-de-puissance-2773.gif&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 47px;&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/2893092762758579512/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/lampadas-led-como-funcionam.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2893092762758579512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2893092762758579512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/lampadas-led-como-funcionam.html' title='Lampadas LED - Como funcionam?'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZcFpB6LvRIiz9Vme9lkBGx3z2gzMVaav4XdUb2bleOqjIyGWCuSuMq9O41SJMhry6dBWJXpQoeP22TuMLYpfPP503mOmsLD6V2BCaIXIrVuQfTiyTNHN_-dJh-HoVWIFl-NUs1lKBn_oj/s72-c/inventorled.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-890610542304132459</id><published>2017-03-25T22:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-06-26T21:55:49.708-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SEGURANÇA"/><title type='text'>Riscos elétricos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1031&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
  &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial black&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Riscos de energização acidental em Trabalhos de
Manutenção e Operação elétrica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdSWyzOZabrsGV7227mNIQ-bULs5w7TBTPoiU37Shiil_kgBOIjz8hugitFV1CxKunwwTnw_Q5anuYLQToNxVjICnInNzw_HaJRBKj8pMWNBwljkqkTa3ZRLAxviuP7CCGpucq6OEpnVIQ/s1600/risco+eletrico.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdSWyzOZabrsGV7227mNIQ-bULs5w7TBTPoiU37Shiil_kgBOIjz8hugitFV1CxKunwwTnw_Q5anuYLQToNxVjICnInNzw_HaJRBKj8pMWNBwljkqkTa3ZRLAxviuP7CCGpucq6OEpnVIQ/s1600/risco+eletrico.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;Arco
voltaico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmmCNKE0thJGb3I2PoaOzoYSp2Lo3bE8gcyfB3sj91FmQvlV1zTajXIzSdGFdRUiileyHbbf-UQOA52dOTcJueeM4GZSb0rz49x_tsswxrUQQ4iieeojgRJ8A0DzDWgHkJALDe-Myq5dXH/s1600/arco+eletrico.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmmCNKE0thJGb3I2PoaOzoYSp2Lo3bE8gcyfB3sj91FmQvlV1zTajXIzSdGFdRUiileyHbbf-UQOA52dOTcJueeM4GZSb0rz49x_tsswxrUQQ4iieeojgRJ8A0DzDWgHkJALDe-Myq5dXH/s320/arco+eletrico.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perturbação elétrica gerada na abertura e
fechamento de circuitos, por causa da ruptura dielétrica (isolante) do ar,
manifestada na forma de plasma, atingindo a temperatura de 25.000°C e liberando
uma quantidade enorme de luz Ultravioleta (UV).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Os eletricistas que trabalham na operação
(manobras) e manutenção do Sistema Elétrico Potência - SEP estão sujeitos às
queimaduras provocadas pela radiação de calor oriunda do arco elétrico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Para proteção desses eletricistas utilizamos roupas
especiais, ferramentas de interrupção sob carga (Loadbuster) e operações de
forma remota através comandos automatizados, visando o aumentar a segurança da
IHM (interface homem-máquina).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: -1cm; text-align: left; text-indent: 14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Tensão de
contato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Diferença
de potencial entre uma estrutura metálica aterrada e um ponto da superfície do
solo separado por uma distância horizontal equivalente ao alcance normal do
braço de uma pessoa. Por definição, considera-se esta distância igual a 1,0 m.
Se uma pessoa toca um equipamento sujeito a uma tensão de contato (tensão que
pode ocorrer quando de uma descarga atmosférica ou na falha de isolação de
algum equipamento) pode ser estabelecida uma tensão entre as mãos e pés chamada
tensão de toque. Em consequência poderemos ter a passagem de uma corrente
elétrica pelo braço , tronco e pernas cuja duração e intensidade poderão
provocar a fibrilação cardíaca, queimaduras ou outras lesões graves ao organismo.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Medidas
de controle simples como utilização de aterramento e dispositivos de corte de
corrente elétrica em fuga (IDR), aliado a EPI’s adequados a tensão de uso, são
ferramentas eficazes para evitar este tipo de acidente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: -1cm; text-align: left; text-indent: 1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tensão de
passo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A tensão
de passo é a diferença de potencial em que uma pessoa se encontra entre as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;duas pernas, no instante em que esteja passando pelo solo uma corrente elétrica&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;intensa, como proveniente de uma descarga atmosférica, ou a fuga ou queda de
algum cabo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;de alta tensão da rede aérea de distribuição. Trata-se de um
critério de projeto para malha&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;de aterramento. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Uma
explicação prática para este efeito está na lei de Ohm. O solo “funciona” como
uma associação infinita de resistores em série; possui resistência elétrica
relacionada em Ω.m. Solos mais úmidos possuem menos resistência, solos mais
secos possuem resistência maior. Vamos supor que em uma subestação de 13,8kV um
cabo se parta e fique vivo em contato direto ao solo, ocasionando uma fuga de
corrente em um piso que tenha, por conta de leve umidade,em torno de 1800Ω.m;
em 25cm deste piso teríamos então 1800 x 0,25 = 450Ω. Digamos que nesta fuga
esteja drenando no circuito uma corrente de 2,8A, teremos neste raio de piso,
ou passo, uma queda de tensão de 450 x 2,8A =1,26kV, que seria suficiente para
provocar a eletrocussão nos membros inferiores. Talvez não seja mortal, mas em
corrida, os danos musculares e a queda podem ser muito danosos. Por este motivo
se equipotencializam pisos, com a colocação de malhas sob pisos e ate mesmo com
pisos condutivos, em locais onde é necessário este tipo de aplicação, como
salas de cirurgia, onde se utiliza bisturi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;e cauterizadores elétricos.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJgzZ0UUfxpaL4PxsniGs0LxklQ8-_2r2vx5IsLAeEI2IKMLuQp3MvciaANMVkBfymJo5tB-Ehu_C64f5jqtlC7P5YmqLjZzpt23ryondzhEDj9gHTmJ6Io-sLBFp7DaEmZ3Z0-69KFIX4/s1600/tensa+de+passo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;259&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJgzZ0UUfxpaL4PxsniGs0LxklQ8-_2r2vx5IsLAeEI2IKMLuQp3MvciaANMVkBfymJo5tB-Ehu_C64f5jqtlC7P5YmqLjZzpt23ryondzhEDj9gHTmJ6Io-sLBFp7DaEmZ3Z0-69KFIX4/s320/tensa+de+passo.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Tensão de
magnetização&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRiQsepvvOweO_-zQkc1qIdsO7fDGJRtO_sn5mmuLHSPBv1uiMtE08QTz86q7eZefBYcpsmmCWL_8YWEtg2rlkH0YmSh9Z9A0OGgiakOOKFLb6e5yqYDI_IosrWjf2kb_8qo5rV3-N36G/s1600/bobina+toroidal.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRiQsepvvOweO_-zQkc1qIdsO7fDGJRtO_sn5mmuLHSPBv1uiMtE08QTz86q7eZefBYcpsmmCWL_8YWEtg2rlkH0YmSh9Z9A0OGgiakOOKFLb6e5yqYDI_IosrWjf2kb_8qo5rV3-N36G/s200/bobina+toroidal.jpg&quot; width=&quot;192&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Certos
tipos de materiais quando expostos a um campo magnético podem ser magnetizados&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;permanentemente. Após serem magnetizados, não perdem facilmente sua
magnetização, a&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;não ser quando forem aquecidos até determinada temperatura
(temperatura de Curie) ou se a&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;eles for aplicado um campo magnético com sentido
contrário ao sentido da magnetização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não podemos nos esquecer de que a
temperatura de Curie depende de cada material&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ferromagnético. Podemos citar o
ferro, por exemplo, que possui uma temperatura de&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;desmagnetização quando
aquecido a uma temperatura de 770ºC.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPko54R0yO9mGoS_JAgdUtBt2ivzmJ45blz6x6uudPRIC6JeEXjyvr-cHq7KKicKeBYGVX2JGt3aDXRX5I0cIDvPWSstrDVg8gVGu4mipJO1O9Zbq-mPDGjmqjXkio9Fmit55H9zRtLEj/s1600/curva+histerese.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;246&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPko54R0yO9mGoS_JAgdUtBt2ivzmJ45blz6x6uudPRIC6JeEXjyvr-cHq7KKicKeBYGVX2JGt3aDXRX5I0cIDvPWSstrDVg8gVGu4mipJO1O9Zbq-mPDGjmqjXkio9Fmit55H9zRtLEj/s320/curva+histerese.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Este é um
fenômeno&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;chamado Histerese, que é uma magnetização temporária ou&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;permanente
muito importante em&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;maquinas de corrente alternada(AC), especificamente em&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;transformadores de potência, pois&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;seu núcleo acumula energia magnética, gerando
tensão induzida em seu primário, geralmente&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;de alta tensão, transitória, mas
que pode ser fatal. Neste ponto que se aplica o aterramento&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;temporário, para
descarregar a energia acumulada em seu núcleo e zerar a tensão induzida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;ensão
estática acumulada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: -1cm; text-align: left; text-indent: 1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Longas linhas de transmissão
desligadas e não-aterradas podem acumular grande&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;quantidade de carga
eletrostática pela ação dos ventos em seus condutores. A intensidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;de carga
acumulada depende de uma série de fatores, tais corno o comprimento da LT,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;velocidade do vento, direção do vento em relação à LT, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: -1cm; text-align: left; text-indent: 1cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Devido também a alta tensão utilizada,
a diferença entre os cabos e sistemas de isolação das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;torres faz como se os
cabos se comportem como capacitores, ficando carregados, sendo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;necessário
descarregar a energia estática para a manutenção e operação dos mesmos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Dúvidas?!?!?!?!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Erit quaestio scientium nostrum est!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sua dúvida será nosso con&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hecimento!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/890610542304132459/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/riscos-eletricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/890610542304132459'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/890610542304132459'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/riscos-eletricos.html' title='Riscos elétricos'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdSWyzOZabrsGV7227mNIQ-bULs5w7TBTPoiU37Shiil_kgBOIjz8hugitFV1CxKunwwTnw_Q5anuYLQToNxVjICnInNzw_HaJRBKj8pMWNBwljkqkTa3ZRLAxviuP7CCGpucq6OEpnVIQ/s72-c/risco+eletrico.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-6518493941454204126</id><published>2017-03-19T12:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:49:22.802-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Seletividade em sistemas elétricos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Seletividade de dispositivos de proteção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqO6sfrIY1Vixfd1p2277MExVJWT1CYUbVVhH3vkA5-weZFK0_VQrXt_j6P6VTwodSj0P6LJfVJKEL4kNotMJd554KHHeF7jBtpA5UW_tlwUhPvP22vjZpNtawBKvmGK6BdxTzsUymFxrz/s1600/seletividade.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqO6sfrIY1Vixfd1p2277MExVJWT1CYUbVVhH3vkA5-weZFK0_VQrXt_j6P6VTwodSj0P6LJfVJKEL4kNotMJd554KHHeF7jBtpA5UW_tlwUhPvP22vjZpNtawBKvmGK6BdxTzsUymFxrz/s400/seletividade.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A capacidade de curto circuito dos disjuntores de proteção nem sempre 
  consta dos projetos elétricos que manuseamos diariamente, ou por 
  desconhecimento dos seus autores, ou mesmo por negligência com relação 
  ao assunto, resultando em instalações falhas e &lt;u&gt;muito perigosas,&lt;/u&gt; 
  mantendo, para piorar, uma total
  &quot;aparência&quot; 
        de que são corretas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A capacidade de 
  interrupção de um disjuntor representa o valor máximo da &lt;u&gt;corrente de 
  curto circuito&lt;/u&gt; (Icc) que o fabricante do disjuntor assegura que o 
  mesmo pode suportar sem sofrer avarias. Se tais valores forem superados 
  na ocorrência de um curto circuito, o respectivo disjuntor de proteção, 
  ao invés de manter a integridade da instalação, poderá aumentar os danos 
  físicos e conseqüentemente as despesas com o conserto dos estragos 
  ocorridos. Resumindo: o disjuntor poderá colar seus terminais mantendo&amp;nbsp; 
  a destruidora corrente de curto circuito ou, até mesmo, &quot;explodir&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;
        -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ah! Isto para mim não quer dizer nada, pois eu só especifico e compro 
        disjuntores da marca &quot;X&quot; que é uma das melhores do mercado. Com certeza 
        estou protegido!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ah, ca&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ra pálida, você estar errado!!!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Você já percebeu que 
  existem disjuntores de mesma corrente nominal com diversas capacidades 
  de interrupção, dimensões iguais (ou não) e diversos preços, de um mesmo 
  fabricante? Ah! Você só especifica e compra o &quot;mais barato&quot;? 
  &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
  Pois então 
  repare:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A título de exemplo vamos considerar os seguintes disjuntores da GE padrão NEMA, todos de 100A tripolares:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  Ex.:Mod. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;TQC&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  5kA/220V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; R$ 107,18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  Mod. THQC&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 10kA/220V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;R$ 242.00 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  Mod. THHQC&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 22kA/220V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; R$ 351,04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  Mod. TED&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 35kA/240V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;R$ 479,82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  Mod. THED&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 65kA/240V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  R$ 889,91&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Fonte: cotação Santil/email&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;-Puxa vida! São todos tripolares de &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;0 A e o preço varia de R$ &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;107,18&lt;/span&gt; a 
  R$ &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;889&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;91&lt;/span&gt;?&lt;/i&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
        &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
        &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
        
        Sim, isso mesmo! Repare também que o preço sobe a medida que a 
  capacidade de interrupção aumenta por questões óbvias (o disjuntor tem 
  que ser mais robusto).&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGCBR-gz9HkXgsoOW7cxplnGtpAnSCkLbaYhbS1dkeZI-3TKIKx9cvGT764OAFJ0T9MActF55uE_Wx_rhObybHX1GkDk7qM3_XyaoYyapPmkdz9cgTkyAD1rX7U0QyZEPKsqolUD-Ctz7/s1600/tqc+100.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGCBR-gz9HkXgsoOW7cxplnGtpAnSCkLbaYhbS1dkeZI-3TKIKx9cvGT764OAFJ0T9MActF55uE_Wx_rhObybHX1GkDk7qM3_XyaoYyapPmkdz9cgTkyAD1rX7U0QyZEPKsqolUD-Ctz7/s200/tqc+100.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQsMRWHBZJ7QjbElnDWLh85rIWR3oi34UGcMgNFx-bLY_MbyILlyRrBo5fl_f5L4_4L0M9IlbF7NgAQgG8H40Lwg2fOKRoy8vKmtArOTX_tK_n1_wgCVWTFxS_UBz8SkTC77YTg3zfFZ4/s1600/TED+100A+front_0.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQsMRWHBZJ7QjbElnDWLh85rIWR3oi34UGcMgNFx-bLY_MbyILlyRrBo5fl_f5L4_4L0M9IlbF7NgAQgG8H40Lwg2fOKRoy8vKmtArOTX_tK_n1_wgCVWTFxS_UBz8SkTC77YTg3zfFZ4/s320/TED+100A+front_0.jpg&quot; width=&quot;257&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;-E quando, portanto, devo usar um ou outro?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A corrente de curto circuito depende do transformador que 
  alimenta a instalação (ou o transformador da sua cabine primária, ou o 
  que está no poste da Concessionária de energia elétrica) e do 
  comprimento dos cabos desde o seu quadro elétrico até este 
  transformador. Quanto mais longe estiver o quadro elétrico do 
  transformador da instalação, menor será o valor da Icc neste quadro. 
  Desta forma, &lt;b&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o cálculo de Icc para cada quadro da sua 
  instalação pode economizar DINHEIRO no seu bolso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, pois o seu 
  quadro geral pode exigir por exemplo 25kA/220Vca, mas os demais podem 
  exigir apenas 5kA/220Vca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Agora vamos entender a base do cálculo da Icc, que é a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lei de ohm:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;I=U/R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;onde I é a corrente do circuito em Amperes, U a 
  tensão em Volts e R a resistência do circuito em Ohms. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
        &lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Quando ocorre uma falta (curto circuito) a resistência (impedância) da 
  carga alimentada antes da ocorrência do curto fica fora&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
  do&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; circuito - o R da Lei de Ohm tende a &quot;zero&quot; - 
  porque houve uma conexão direta de uma das fases para a terra, ou entre 
  as fases, &quot;excluindo&quot; a carga do circuito. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Assim, na lei de Ohm, se R tender a zero, Icc&amp;nbsp; tenderá ao infinito, 
  ou seja, aumentará muito, pois a tensão é constante! A única &quot;carga&quot; que 
  permanecerá no circuito será a &quot;resistência&quot; (para os eletricistas, diga-se impedância) dos contatos dos equipamentos e dos cabos 
  que estiverem instalados entre o transformador e o ponto em que ocorreu 
  o curto circuito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMoe_JSIC82aUHlc_aVdqrZoHm1VkXh4KlmvE8-dOeTaWladQ5sOP50W63L50p7NK5CLjAC949ucqdOL8zqFVZUdGHUFcWzABOUJArWlUP5a0vOrDh93dbzeHlCmuyVXZWNrPFWdJsDR8-/s1600/esquema+de+seletividade.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;207&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMoe_JSIC82aUHlc_aVdqrZoHm1VkXh4KlmvE8-dOeTaWladQ5sOP50W63L50p7NK5CLjAC949ucqdOL8zqFVZUdGHUFcWzABOUJArWlUP5a0vOrDh93dbzeHlCmuyVXZWNrPFWdJsDR8-/s400/esquema+de+seletividade.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Como mostra a figura acima, cada local de falha indica qual dispositivo deverá atuar, isolando a falha, sem atuar no dispositivo que vem a montante(antes) sem interromper a alimentação de todo o sistema, ou parte dele, evitando transtornos desnecessários.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Importante: estes dispositivos podem ser disjuntores e fusíveis, desde que suas curvas não coincidam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Curva?!?!?!?!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;Em termos matemáticos (não dá pra fugir, eletricidade é física, e física tem matemática...), uma curva nada mais é do que uma sequência de valores que variam em &lt;b&gt;função &lt;/b&gt;de outros valores, simples assim. No nosso caso, é uma variação da corrente em função do tempo, desta forma:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboRov7Lw7tUOiFl_Wq39fvAp3CyapFT0lpGv126FulwotXrPwuo0y9IP8j0OOqjVvUsRVBWHMNixLbPAx_Ic2FTwYjhiVpTU4ax8hW7EBjHZLPnQRooYXgvjYR6fH4dPAQMH9nJYDQvK7/s1600/Disjuntor-Curvas.PNG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboRov7Lw7tUOiFl_Wq39fvAp3CyapFT0lpGv126FulwotXrPwuo0y9IP8j0OOqjVvUsRVBWHMNixLbPAx_Ic2FTwYjhiVpTU4ax8hW7EBjHZLPnQRooYXgvjYR6fH4dPAQMH9nJYDQvK7/s400/Disjuntor-Curvas.PNG&quot; width=&quot;366&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;O eixo da base em uma numeração que vai de um a 60, estes são os valores múltiplos da correte nominal (In), enquanto o eixo transversal indica os valores do tempo, que começa com 0,5 milésimos de segundo e termina com 7200s (120min ou 2h), quando a curva se torna uma reta praticamente paralela ao eixo do tempo t(s). &lt;i&gt;Perceba que a curva em momento nenhum toca o eixo do tempo.&lt;/i&gt; Isso porque o disjuntor é feito para operar na sua corrente nominal. Agora veja que a partir de um determinado valor de corrente entre 1 e duas vezes a corrente nominal existe atuação do disjuntor. Observe que em valores acima de três vezes o valor da corrente nominal, já existe atuação do disjuntor, cada um de acordo com a sua utilização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Qual o valor de corrente de partida em motores? Geralmente são seis a oito vezes a corrente nominal do motor. Por este motivo utilizamos disjuntores curva &quot;C&quot;&amp;nbsp; para circuitos de cargas com motores e maquinas motrizes! Agora, em correntes que ultrapassam a marca de dez vezes a corrente nominal, claro, configuramos apenas que pode ser um curto circuito! Reparem no&amp;nbsp; ponto 5, o ponto de atuação ao valor próximo de  10x o valor da corrente nominal é de 0,1 segundo, ou seja um décimo de segundo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;De início é um pouco difícil de entender e aplicar, mas seguindo estas idéias, muitas vezes nem é necessário fazer muitos cálculos para se definir o disjuntor, basta ter a curva característica no catálogo do fabricante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fica a dica, se ainda tiver dúvida, pode perguntar nos comentários, e não se esqueça:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&quot;Erit Quaestio Scientium Nostrum est!&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sua dúvida é nosso conhecimento!&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/6518493941454204126/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/seletividade-em-sistemas-eletricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6518493941454204126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6518493941454204126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/seletividade-em-sistemas-eletricos.html' title='Seletividade em sistemas elétricos'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqO6sfrIY1Vixfd1p2277MExVJWT1CYUbVVhH3vkA5-weZFK0_VQrXt_j6P6VTwodSj0P6LJfVJKEL4kNotMJd554KHHeF7jBtpA5UW_tlwUhPvP22vjZpNtawBKvmGK6BdxTzsUymFxrz/s72-c/seletividade.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-7423780605274593722</id><published>2017-03-09T15:06:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:50:32.194-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="DICAS"/><title type='text'>Reatores e lampadas eletrônicas queimando à toa?!?!?!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Esta semana passada fiz um retrospecto sobre os chamados que tenho tido e percebi que os chamados por iluminação tem sidos os mais altos, embora os menos rentáveis; Em quase todos os casos, se tratam de lampada ou reator eletrônicos, incluindo-se ai&lt;i&gt; lâmpadas LED, &lt;/i&gt;acredite se quiser...&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;No caso que me chamou mais atenção foi de um dos meus clientes, pois ele já havia trocado (ele mesmo, pois não queria pagar ninguém, chamado M.D.V.!), e por ultimo, substituiu as lampadas eletrônicas por lampada LED. MAAASSS, continuava a queima. Pois bem meu caro leitor, chegando até ele, a primeira coisa que me passou pela cabeça foi verificar o quadro de distribuição, já suspeitando de um neutro aberto, mas descartei apos verificação visual; pensei em variações elétricas oriundas da rede, e de novo a lampada( em minha cabeça!) acendeu: &lt;i&gt;SURTOS!!! &lt;/i&gt;Como sou o &lt;b&gt;Primo Pobre&lt;/b&gt; e não tenho um analisador de energia, procurei meu &lt;b&gt;Primo Rico&lt;/b&gt; e pedi emprestado um alicate Watímetro, e, veja só o que encontrei, depois de descarregar as medidas do Datta logger, que coletava medidas a cada 0,4 segundos e transformar em planilha:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmhZUZvg5YViah-IFa-xGokFaWNmhVqUPksqN5Q-oI7IGbOVyKYjqGNMeshYRe5bZwjkH8wBQqh85mWVzB2x818SgtKdhZTFxEvTe7HxwW0SMGaYaW98YQwY3482UYsE5QaisfG4b0ZPR/s1600/tabela+vxt.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmhZUZvg5YViah-IFa-xGokFaWNmhVqUPksqN5Q-oI7IGbOVyKYjqGNMeshYRe5bZwjkH8wBQqh85mWVzB2x818SgtKdhZTFxEvTe7HxwW0SMGaYaW98YQwY3482UYsE5QaisfG4b0ZPR/s400/tabela+vxt.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na minha tabela vinda do datalogger do analisador tinha valores registrados até 999, porem apresentei apenas um intervalo de 220 registros,onde encontrei as anomalias. Foi em pouco mais de 6 minutos de observação, onde detectei 3,&lt;i&gt; 3 surtos, na faixa de 1400 V!!!!! &lt;/i&gt;Se tivesse diminuido o tempo de intervalo de amostragem, talvez teria encontrado &lt;i&gt;muito mais!!!!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt; Não preciso nem dizer o que é surto de tensão para você entender o que pode causar, mas vamos lá! O &lt;b&gt;surto de tensão&lt;/b&gt; é um aumento de tensão de curta 
duração no valor normal da sua instalação elétrica. Ou seja, ele ocorre 
quando uma tensão de alimentação de, por exemplo, de 110 volts ou 220 
volts eficazes, passa, de repente, a um pulso com dois mil volts e 
começa a circular pela rede, &amp;nbsp;até chegar ao equipamento. Este pulso é 
muito rápido (veja uma representação gráfica abaixo) e não é detectado 
pelos dispositivos de proteção normais, como o disjuntor ou o DR.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio44k9NEqn45ML4TUjEnBHpXSAVxnPbmz793ndZjWtNtNEL5vSEM2y_b1-PhfnNvhuAwt-twwwBhlLuoGYeTD4GpxvAmbiFKW55aVcR2XmfRBOpuh7J9gjEhF6xkBsc3mpPsj1QD5BSlgb/s1600/grafico+de+surto.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio44k9NEqn45ML4TUjEnBHpXSAVxnPbmz793ndZjWtNtNEL5vSEM2y_b1-PhfnNvhuAwt-twwwBhlLuoGYeTD4GpxvAmbiFKW55aVcR2XmfRBOpuh7J9gjEhF6xkBsc3mpPsj1QD5BSlgb/s320/grafico+de+surto.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Os equipamentos eletroeletrônicos são fabricados para suportar estes 
impulsos até 1500 volts em média, o que significa que se este pulso de 
dois mil atingi-lo, provavelmente irá danificá-lo.&lt;br /&gt;
Mas de onde surgem estes pulsos chamados de surto de tensão? Surgem 
das descargas atmosféricas (raios), que podem atingir as redes de 
energia ou mesmo locais próximos, e, através da rede, chegar até sua 
residência. Podem também ser gerados por chaveamentos de cargas ou mesmo
 pelas manobras da concessionária de energia. Portanto, podem aparecer 
do nada.&lt;br /&gt;
Aqui, precisamos fazer uma observação importante: mesmo que o prédio 
ou a edificação tenha um sistema de proteção contra descarga atmosférica
 (para-raios), isso não significa que as instalações estejam protegidas 
contra os surtos de tensão.&lt;br /&gt;
Voltando ao tema, os surtos surgem e chegam ao equipamento podendo queimá-lo. Então é necessário protegê-lo com o &lt;b&gt;Dispositivo de Proteção contra Surtos&lt;/b&gt;, conhecido como &lt;b&gt;DPS&lt;/b&gt;.
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9HpqGmmiwZEqB2vGPo-xovTcsrStdRmONezbKNb8-EspG-DNmhaWzqRk56sxLLLROU758N4MBEM20MTsu-Ct76G_0pEHlfEVzIBOjRK3T9j9R0RO-AdPpZvP_h-V2EMu8aXJdRHCNzEbJ/s1600/DPSexplodido.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9HpqGmmiwZEqB2vGPo-xovTcsrStdRmONezbKNb8-EspG-DNmhaWzqRk56sxLLLROU758N4MBEM20MTsu-Ct76G_0pEHlfEVzIBOjRK3T9j9R0RO-AdPpZvP_h-V2EMu8aXJdRHCNzEbJ/s1600/DPSexplodido.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ele é um dispositivo simples em vários formatos, que tem a função de 
desviar para a terra o surto de tensão que vier a surgir nas instalações
 da rede.&amp;nbsp; Este dispositivo de proteção está previsto na norma de 
instalações elétricas de baixa tensão editada pela ABNT em 2004, e deve 
ser instalado na entrada de energia da edificação e em pontos de maior 
controle, como, por exemplo, nos apartamentos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O &lt;b&gt;DPS&lt;/b&gt; possui algumas características interessantes, 
pois tem a capacidade de detectar o surto de tensão e desviá-lo para a 
terra na mesma velocidade em que o surto acontece, ou seja,&lt;br /&gt;
1 
milisegundo, e reestabelecer a energia em seguida.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Findo isto, apresentei o relatório ao meu cliente M.D.V., sugeri a instalação do &lt;b&gt;DPS&lt;/b&gt; no QDG&amp;nbsp; do Apartamento dele, e com menos de R$200 estava resolvido o problema de troca de lampadas semanal...&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Você deve estar com uma pulga atrás orelha, afinal o que é M.D.V.????&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;u&gt;Mão De Vaca&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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Tá explicado? rsrsrsr&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Erit quaestio scientium nostrum est!!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sua dúvida será nosso conhecimento!!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/7423780605274593722/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/reatores-e-lampadas-eletronicas.html#comment-form' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7423780605274593722'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7423780605274593722'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/reatores-e-lampadas-eletronicas.html' title='Reatores e lampadas eletrônicas queimando à toa?!?!?!'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmhZUZvg5YViah-IFa-xGokFaWNmhVqUPksqN5Q-oI7IGbOVyKYjqGNMeshYRe5bZwjkH8wBQqh85mWVzB2x818SgtKdhZTFxEvTe7HxwW0SMGaYaW98YQwY3482UYsE5QaisfG4b0ZPR/s72-c/tabela+vxt.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-9160744415825099833</id><published>2017-03-05T05:37:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:51:19.760-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="DICAS"/><title type='text'>Instalações elétricas - Vida Útil</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Quanto vive uma instalação elétrica?&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYuxqC-PZC4-jydKeWZ5ClAptU2eBbB7_YmVFWr8PTLcVA2cSoiF7cE_XAJMW-DzuN7ngCe7MIeAfsJz6ORwsIXxzn_tiM9rIishYMYIonnzwP1_N69K2gJD9aBBx2hgliVJ7l4OYJEMcU/s1600/rip.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYuxqC-PZC4-jydKeWZ5ClAptU2eBbB7_YmVFWr8PTLcVA2cSoiF7cE_XAJMW-DzuN7ngCe7MIeAfsJz6ORwsIXxzn_tiM9rIishYMYIonnzwP1_N69K2gJD9aBBx2hgliVJ7l4OYJEMcU/s1600/rip.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Muitas coisas têm seu prazo de validade. Um carro, por exemplo, deve 
sofrer revisões periódicas para que possa estar em condições de uso. Um 
filtro de água de carvão ativado deve ser substituído de tempos em 
tempos. E é assim com muitos produtos.
&lt;br /&gt;
Com a instalação elétrica não é diferente, pois ela é composta de 
componentes que se desgastam ao longo da sua utilização e chegam ao 
final da sua vida útil, devendo então ser realizada uma manutenção e 
substituição. Tomadas e interruptores têm sua vida útil estimada em 
manobras, ou seja, quantas vezes você aciona um interruptor ou insere e 
retira um equipamento da tomada. Da mesma forma o disjuntor e o DR têm 
sua vida útil estimada em manobras e atuações, porém estes últimos 
também têm sua vida útil reduzida à medida que os valores limites são 
atingidos, como por exemplo, a corrente de curto circuito no disjuntor.&lt;br /&gt;
Já o condutor tem sua vida útil estimada em até 30 anos, porém este 
componente sofre uma redução drástica de vida útil quando a sua 
utilização é submetida a situações de limites. O que isto significa? 
Vamos tentar explicar com um exemplo.&lt;br /&gt;
Imagine que um condutor de uma determinada seção (bitola) foi 
produzido para suportar uma corrente de 30 amperes, na condição de 
instalação em eletroduto fechado instalado em parede de alvenaria, e 
temperatura ambiente de 30 graus Celsius. Este condutor também 
suportaria uma corrente de curto circuito de 2 mil amperes (2Ka) por&amp;nbsp; 
100 micro segundos (todos os valores são fictícios e usados somente para
 exemplo).&lt;br /&gt;
Se usado dentro destes parâmetros, o condutor teria uma vida útil de 
aproximadamente 25 anos. Mas ao longo do tempo ele foi submetido, várias
 vezes, a uma sobrecarga de 35 amperes com durações que variaram de 2 a 5
 minutos sem que o dispositivo de proteção (Disjuntor) atuasse. Também 
sofreu alguns curtos-circuitos com valores de 5 mil amperes (5Ka), por 
períodos de 80 microssegundos.&lt;br /&gt;
Estas condições certamente impuseram danos ao condutor, normalmente 
danificando a sua isolação, deixando-o vulnerável. Sua vida útil, 
certamente diminuiu e este valor não pode ser mais estimado. Neste caso o
 certo a fazer é substituir o condutor, redimensionando-o para a nova 
realidade das cargas que, provavelmente, será com seção maior para 
suportar as sobrecargas impostas pela carga e ampliações futuras. Da 
mesma forma, os dispositivos de proteção deverão ser recalculados para 
esta nova situação, e a avaliação dos demais componentes deverá ser 
realizada em conjunto.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Outra coisa,&lt;/b&gt; Normas relativas a instalação eletricas &lt;i&gt;sofrem revisões&lt;/i&gt;, visando a &lt;i&gt;segurança operacional da mesma&lt;/i&gt;, ou seja, a segurança de quem usa esta instalação e a xconservação da mesma, tornando ela mais confiável. A NBR 5410 (instalações elétricas em baixa tensão), que é uma norma bem extensa, passou por duas revisões em 10 anos (1997 e 2004) numa delas entrando a necessidade de interruptor DR, que é um item fundamental para &lt;i&gt;segurança contra choques elétricos.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Erit quaestio scientium nostrum est!!!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sua dúvida sera nosso conhecimento!!!&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/9160744415825099833/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/instalacoes-eletricas-vida-util.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/9160744415825099833'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/9160744415825099833'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/instalacoes-eletricas-vida-util.html' title='Instalações elétricas - Vida Útil'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYuxqC-PZC4-jydKeWZ5ClAptU2eBbB7_YmVFWr8PTLcVA2cSoiF7cE_XAJMW-DzuN7ngCe7MIeAfsJz6ORwsIXxzn_tiM9rIishYMYIonnzwP1_N69K2gJD9aBBx2hgliVJ7l4OYJEMcU/s72-c/rip.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-315599551039272015</id><published>2017-03-03T04:00:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:51:54.948-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CURIOSIDADES"/><title type='text'>Aterramento elétrico - Origens</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As Origens do Aterramento Elétrico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3JB8on9QF-Cv-64qbS3jTNrhGzjJ1sFzRxzit2NehWFPlm903wE9SmFxXc5erMGGqjHI4oFKr4q6LzLexPmoRiHotMPqR-lcU-KfiBsB2tAd4N0N6SPVutKul8tC_fFBxrifwz53QDih0/s1600/aterramento.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3JB8on9QF-Cv-64qbS3jTNrhGzjJ1sFzRxzit2NehWFPlm903wE9SmFxXc5erMGGqjHI4oFKr4q6LzLexPmoRiHotMPqR-lcU-KfiBsB2tAd4N0N6SPVutKul8tC_fFBxrifwz53QDih0/s1600/aterramento.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O termo aterramento se refere à terra propriamente dita ou a uma grande massa que se 
utiliza em seu lugar. Quando falamos que algo está &quot;aterrado&quot;, queremos 
dizer então&amp;nbsp; que, pelo menos, um de seus elementos está propositalmente 
ligado à terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; text-align: left; top: 264.763px; transform: scaleX(0.986632);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Em geral, os sistemas elétricos não precisam estar ligados à terra para funcionarem e,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; text-align: left; top: 264.763px; transform: scaleX(0.986632);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;de fato, &lt;i&gt;nem todos os sistemas elétricos são aterrados&lt;/i&gt;. Mas, nos sistemas elétricos, quando designamos as tensões, geralmente, elas são referidas à terra. Dessa forma, a terra representa um ponto de referência (ou um &lt;b&gt;ponto de potencial zero&lt;/b&gt;) ao qual todas as outras tensões são referidas. De fato, como um equipamento computadorizado se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; text-align: left; top: 409.763px; transform: scaleX(0.988127);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;comunica com outros equipamentos, uma tensão de referência &quot;&lt;b&gt;zero&lt;/b&gt;&quot; é &lt;i&gt;crítica&lt;/i&gt; para a sua operação apropriada; a terra, portanto, é uma boa escolha como ponto de referência zero, uma vez que ela nos circunda em todos os lugares. Quando alguém está de pé em contato com a terra, seu corpo está aproximadamente no potencial da terra. Se a estrutura metálica de uma edificação está aterrada, então todos os seus componentes metálicos estão aproximadamente no potencial de terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; text-align: left; top: 409.763px; transform: scaleX(0.988127);&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; text-align: left; top: 409.763px; transform: scaleX(0.988127);&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;História&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Desde os primórdios quando o homem começou a pensar sobre o mundo que &quot;acontecia&quot; a sua volta ( &lt;i&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/i&gt;), ver certos fenômenos da natureza ligados a eletricidade como o trovão, sempre caia na direção da &lt;i&gt;terra, &lt;/i&gt;a terra se tornou um referencial; sabemos hoje que raios circulam entre nuvens, mas o mais visível ainda são os &quot;riscos&quot; entre céus e terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A
 partir de 1820, sistemas eletromagnéticos de telégrafo de longa 
distância usavam dois ou mais fios para carregar sinais e retornar a 
corrente. Por volta de 1836, Karl August Steiheil, um cientista alemão, 
descobriu que &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; terra pode ser usad como caminho de retorno para 
completar um circuito. Ele propôs que a Terra poderia funcionar como um 
condutor de retorno na telegrafia se os terminais do cabo fossem 
enterrados no subsolo. Essa inovação mudou totalmente o projeto
 de receptores telegráficos, pois tornou o fio de retorno desnecessário.
 O resultado foi que o custo associado às linhas de telégrafo também 
diminuiu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhqyfzBa8SycNs0oPN7iN-gBOeONDaLQ_RD_E1sygIYUwbMEGITW3DKG1CEZlDgo2hLJnSUqEcenB5rofYOybvWen_ssBzdmqBKKU3LD4_rgqakiNCfPOLTJ4xvtkNtLBR9b9gV_TC1ByU/s1600/telegrafo_estendendo_linha_1863_eua.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhqyfzBa8SycNs0oPN7iN-gBOeONDaLQ_RD_E1sygIYUwbMEGITW3DKG1CEZlDgo2hLJnSUqEcenB5rofYOybvWen_ssBzdmqBKKU3LD4_rgqakiNCfPOLTJ4xvtkNtLBR9b9gV_TC1ByU/s1600/telegrafo_estendendo_linha_1863_eua.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Constr&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;ução de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; uma linha de tel&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;égrafo, em1863 (Historia viva)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;nonhowto-step&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Já por volta de 1851, havia mais de 5&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;0 &lt;/span&gt;companhias de telégrafo em operação nos 
Estados Unidos, e a Western Union Telegraph Company era uma das mais 
populares. Em 1861, a companhia finalizou a primeira linha de telégrafo 
transcontinental entre Saint Joseph, Missouri e Sacramento, Califórnia. 
Todas as linhas usaram aterramento elétrico, &lt;i&gt;mas a maioria ainda 
encontrou problemas&lt;/i&gt;; a maior parte dos problemas de aterramento resultava de &lt;i&gt;condutividade 
ruim&lt;/i&gt; (advinda do &lt;b&gt;tempo seco&lt;/b&gt;), e muitas vezes tinha de se usar água na 
vara de aterramento para que o telégrafo funcionasse! Quando o telégrafo foi substituído pelo telefone como dispositivo primário de comunicação
 à distância, o aterramento elétrico passou a ser usado em outros 
dispositivos, incluindo ferrovias elétricas, sistemas de energia e uma 
variedade de circuitos.
 Hoje, sistemas elétricos e de transmissão usam aterramento para 
prevenir condições perigosas, assim como para facilitar o retorno da 
corrente. Outros usos incluem desviar relâmpagos com segurança para 
longe de edifícios e para a terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Heading3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;Heading3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Objetivos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Heading3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;courier&amp;quot; , monospace;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;courier&amp;quot; , monospace;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;
 principal finalidade de um aterramento elétrico esta em assegurar que 
este sistema não cause danos aos usuários e ao patrimônio.&lt;i&gt; Pensa cá comigo&lt;/i&gt;,
 em um sistema não aterrado, digamos que um fio fase (aquele que dá 
choque, Deus me livre!!!) encoste em uma superfície condutora, nada vai 
acontecer: disjuntores não desarmam, máquinas não param de funcionar e 
sim, &lt;i&gt;acontece&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;pessoas são eletrocutadas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!!!!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLpQRrYgxdpewC2MbusVR90cM75L8dvPIJcrKR9pCs2ZSe1w70S83G9R4nd2rAyf4SVp7XkKm2sfJR9C0PkA-uaSEqwSKeFb8Azs28g12rm6oT0nkLJjo7lamhhY8-zHz9bmb6qKyHjZAj/s1600/dinamo+1855.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;158&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLpQRrYgxdpewC2MbusVR90cM75L8dvPIJcrKR9pCs2ZSe1w70S83G9R4nd2rAyf4SVp7XkKm2sfJR9C0PkA-uaSEqwSKeFb8Azs28g12rm6oT0nkLJjo7lamhhY8-zHz9bmb6qKyHjZAj/s200/dinamo+1855.JPG&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dínamo, 1855&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Durante a segunda Revolução Industrial,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;com o advento da eletricidade e do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;eletromagnetismo como recurso, mas por se conhecer pouco sobre a &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;eletricidade e seus efeitos, eram f&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;requentes os acidentes, e pouca &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;importância era dada, pois a mão de obra era &quot;excedente&quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;: &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;M&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;quin&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;as operando em tensões altas (perto dos 1000 a&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;té cerca de 2500V&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;, p&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;ois as maquinas eram pouco eficientes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), fios expostos e nenhum, nenhum &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;EPI
 ou EPC. Neste cenário, entre frequentes protestos por melhores 
condições de trabalho, que surgiu a necessidade de um sistema que 
protegesse o usuário de choques elétricos, entre eles o &lt;i&gt;aterramento.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;Segurança pessoal&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; A conexão dos equipamentos elétricos ao sistema de aterramento deve permitir que, caso ocorra uma falha na isolação dos equipamentos, a corrente de falta passe através do condutor de aterramento ao invés de percorrer o corpo de uma pessoa que eventualmente esteja tocando o equipamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Desligamento automático&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;courier&amp;quot; , monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;O sistema de aterramento deve oferecer um percurso de &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;fácil caminho&lt;/span&gt; de retorno para a terra da corrente de &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;fuga&lt;/span&gt;, permitindo, assim, que haja a operação automática,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt; rápida e segura do sistema de proteção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;courier&amp;quot; , monospace;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Controle de tensões&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 48.9102px; top: 251.43px; transform: scaleX(0.988574);&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; left: 72.5327px; top: 83.4833px; transform: scaleX(0.985568);&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 72.5327px; top: 83.4833px; transform: scaleX(0.985568);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;O aterramento permite um controle das tensões desenvolvidas no solo (passo, toque e&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;transferida) quando um curto-circuito fase-terra retorna pela terra para a fonte próxima ou&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;quando da ocorrência de uma descarga atmosférica no local.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; left: 72.5327px; top: 172.228px; transform: scaleX(0.988917);&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Transitórios&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 72.5327px; top: 315.562px; transform: scaleX(0.962936);&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 72.5327px; top: 315.562px; transform: scaleX(0.962936);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;O sistema de aterramento estabiliza a tensão durante transitórios no sistema elétrico provocados por faltas para a terra, chaveamentos, etc, de tal forma que não apareçam sobretensões perigosas durante esses períodos que possam provocar a ruptura da isolação dos equipamentos elétricos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; left: 72.5327px; top: 315.562px; transform: scaleX(0.962936);&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15px; left: 72.5327px; top: 315.562px; transform: scaleX(0.962936);&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Cargas estáticas&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;left: 72.5327px; top: 350.15px; transform: scaleX(0.972244);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O aterramento deve escoar cargas estáticas acumuladas em estruturas, suportes e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt; carcaças dos equipamentos em geral, advindos &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;de várias causas entre elas cargas de capacitores e transformadores (com núcleo de ferro magnetizado, &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;induz &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;tensão em se&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;us terminais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/315599551039272015/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/aterramento-eletrico-origens.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/315599551039272015'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/315599551039272015'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/03/aterramento-eletrico-origens.html' title='Aterramento elétrico - Origens'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3JB8on9QF-Cv-64qbS3jTNrhGzjJ1sFzRxzit2NehWFPlm903wE9SmFxXc5erMGGqjHI4oFKr4q6LzLexPmoRiHotMPqR-lcU-KfiBsB2tAd4N0N6SPVutKul8tC_fFBxrifwz53QDih0/s72-c/aterramento.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-347802072624981477</id><published>2017-02-25T23:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:51:53.101-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Correção de fator de potencia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Correção do Fator de Potência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKoxQ1uAWACEBS4XYf6ODkHd3e2hvYCEwr-gBirp6W7BpA5DhJwDzYiRYfrAQlXlRnn3W_Yilzd_HbxkTv9kZf9dsFr2yNV-rWiogMqQwzeufz-BEHf_-hszXnEet5dTb673omgvraz1_Z/s1600/cosfi.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;133&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKoxQ1uAWACEBS4XYf6ODkHd3e2hvYCEwr-gBirp6W7BpA5DhJwDzYiRYfrAQlXlRnn3W_Yilzd_HbxkTv9kZf9dsFr2yNV-rWiogMqQwzeufz-BEHf_-hszXnEet5dTb673omgvraz1_Z/s320/cosfi.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Na ultima postagem nós vimos a as potências e as suas representações gráficas no triângulo (retângulo), e vimos que a soma das potências se dá de uma forma vetorial, ou seja através de forças angulares. Lembrando mais uma vez (só os semi-quarentões como eu, que eu quero ver o esforço kkk) do nosso tio &quot;Pitágoras&quot;, &quot;Cateto adjacente sobre Hipotenusa&quot; é o que define o famigerado FATOR DE POTÊNCIA, aqueles benditos dois números que ficam a direita do zero, separados de uma virgula expressando um valor menor que um, mas que &quot;ferram&quot; a conta de luz de quem não se preocupa com a quantidade de motores e cargas indutivas que tem instaladas em seu estabelecimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pois bem, pá, se imbora!!! As potências reativas são exatamente aquilo que não presta pra você, não serve pra nada a não ser pra ferrar o seu orçamento, além de reduzir a performance de sua instalação elétrica (um dos incovenietes é a queda de tensão e a sobrecorrente, já que a fonte fica sobrecarregada com uma energia que é demandada mas não se utiliza para nada).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghdZKrS4vYX_1iElwuw2DU-gNQAID6_4Ee5pPw-Nrxf48rZflCSc0zd7U_678iRYFiW4RNIlOTVC0e03g2ScmEYW1p1jJgVq0Dm7B9ASzjskh0pEIzaohGBzmrSOJS2MnRDSyrYH7mIANx/s1600/aumento-fator-de-pontecia.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghdZKrS4vYX_1iElwuw2DU-gNQAID6_4Ee5pPw-Nrxf48rZflCSc0zd7U_678iRYFiW4RNIlOTVC0e03g2ScmEYW1p1jJgVq0Dm7B9ASzjskh0pEIzaohGBzmrSOJS2MnRDSyrYH7mIANx/s400/aumento-fator-de-pontecia.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para os cervejeiros de plantão, acredito que a apologia fará um pouco mais de reultado, mas embora seja carnaval, não vamos perder o foco pessoal...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Na maioria esmagadora dos casos, a potência reativa é indutiva, devido ao grande uso de motores e máquinas motrizes que representam o supra sumo da reatância indutiva, por serem na maioria dos casos motores de indução. no estudo do triângulo das potencias, quem é que esta diretamente oposto ao efeito da indutância, ein?!?! A CAPACITÂNCIA!!!! Isso mesmo, o emprego de capacitores na correção de fator de potencia tem seu uso em larga escala (apesar de existirem motores de indução síncronos, mas eles representam uma solução pontual, já que são caros e são utilizados em condições específicas como bombas , compressores, etc...). Por isso vamos nos deter ao uso de capacitores desta vez, falando destes outros recursos mais tarde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Energia reativa, Demanda dentro e fora de ponta, Capacitores e&amp;nbsp; Bancos de Capacitores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alguns destes termos podem ser pouco convidativos, mas vou apresentar para um melhor entrosamento...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Energia reativa&lt;/b&gt;: como já falamos bastante, a energia reativa é resultado do efeito da indutância e capacitância, sendo uma oposta a outra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Demanda dentro e fora de Ponta&lt;/b&gt;: Quem já ouviu falar na regra&amp;nbsp; universal de mercado, a da &lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;oferta e procura&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;? Sim existe uma hora em que a energia é mais cara, noutro ela fica num preço normal, ou quando o centro distribuidor regional passa por um periodo de estiagem, a oferta de energia diminui e o preço aumenta. Geralmente são&lt;i&gt; 3 horas diárias (17:30 e 20:30, no caso Light S.A.)&lt;/i&gt;, definidas pela distribuidora local e reguladas pela agência nacional de energia elétrica(Aneel), quando a demanda por energia fica maior e consequentemente seu preço sobe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFxM25ECwPJnTGYgzXJaDwHp32zL9NMxRaS2DJVi6l9XY46z5Fz6EUJHHgAvQF6lP7Nc-w4dZQbbwgLY78_fRlDObPrjQWPDqaqFrIlGOhUXxPd8wTyXB_am9MRS64T2z8UUApnF_hhWi/s1600/Comparativo-_Branca_convencional-Atualizado.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoFxM25ECwPJnTGYgzXJaDwHp32zL9NMxRaS2DJVi6l9XY46z5Fz6EUJHHgAvQF6lP7Nc-w4dZQbbwgLY78_fRlDObPrjQWPDqaqFrIlGOhUXxPd8wTyXB_am9MRS64T2z8UUApnF_hhWi/s400/Comparativo-_Branca_convencional-Atualizado.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tabela Comparativa entre tarifas e horários( Fonte Aneel)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Importante ressaltar que a energia reativa também é tarifada por esta classificação, quando o fator de potencia fica abaixo do que é permitido para a utilização que é 0,92 (para consumidores do grupo A, ou seja consumidores de grande porte)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Capacitores e Bancos de Capacitores&lt;/b&gt;:Não preocupado em ser redundante, Capacitor é o elemento que acumula cargas elétricas, possuindo a grandeza eletrica da capacitância (santo Einstein!!!). Bem, já disse que o efeito da capacitância se opõe ao efeito da indutância em um circuitode CA?!?! Bem, aqui começa então aparte prática do assunto... Muitas das vezes não é econômicamente viável utilizarmos um capacitor para cada equipamento, então calcula se ou mede se toda a energia reativa, e agrupamos tudo num banco com várias células capacitivas, onde elas são acionadas gradativamente, evitando que os capacitores fiquem energizados todo o tempo sem necessidade, diminuindo sua vida útil, ou até mesmo se tornando carga reativa capacitiva, gerando também &lt;b&gt;multa.&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_N5mZ1AfBW4Yd1f07_isdut7WryqeAsSiUgf9TauqOpVOdEtmY8AXxv4lBqHM-xeXSCC_pIgfYAiG9Hg9oKktc3bthKyOx8MGkptiFdQmlN2oM95WV9x0bOM8omJs0qZYLZKPb2JcmGBM/s1600/energia-reativa-09.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;188&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_N5mZ1AfBW4Yd1f07_isdut7WryqeAsSiUgf9TauqOpVOdEtmY8AXxv4lBqHM-xeXSCC_pIgfYAiG9Hg9oKktc3bthKyOx8MGkptiFdQmlN2oM95WV9x0bOM8omJs0qZYLZKPb2JcmGBM/s400/energia-reativa-09.gif&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Descritivo de conta de energia elétrica, relatando energia reativa em kVArh (fonte Celpe)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ora, Vamos descobrir o valor do fator de potência desta conta? pois é vou chamar no amigo Pitágoras!!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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A soma dos quadrados dos catetos (adjacente e oposto) é igual ao quadrado da hipotenusa; &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAkX5pNto4yNFc2VimNfaf_42nxYNEB4zI4wLEyQfEPtyJpHkjOl4vMBwBnEWBSACP8JLcE1LHCGBxrsn83N1OUlIn-pmFZfYVuZ-CaHcjt4HsIThL774KSN7atYaZ97DiP8hzm3T0guN/s1600/images.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAkX5pNto4yNFc2VimNfaf_42nxYNEB4zI4wLEyQfEPtyJpHkjOl4vMBwBnEWBSACP8JLcE1LHCGBxrsn83N1OUlIn-pmFZfYVuZ-CaHcjt4HsIThL774KSN7atYaZ97DiP8hzm3T0guN/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Onde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;S&lt;/b&gt; (potencia aparente) é a &lt;b&gt;hipotenusa&lt;/b&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P &lt;/b&gt;(potencia real) é o &lt;b&gt;cateto adjacente&lt;/b&gt;;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Q &lt;/b&gt;(&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;potencia reativa) é o &lt;b&gt;cateto oposto&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;FP=&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;P/S&lt;/b&gt;; temos que nossa energia ativa (P) é 175kWh, e o consumo reativo(Q), 421,3kVArh. Note que temos medida de energia, que é potencia em função de tempo (quilowatt-hora).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;temos então:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;S = √175² + 421,3²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;S =&amp;nbsp; √30625 +&amp;nbsp; 177493,69 ≅ 456,2kVAh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;FP = P/S ⇾ 175/456,2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;≅&lt;/span&gt; &lt;b&gt;0,38&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;que é um valor bem baixo para o valor de referência 0,92... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Então vamos ao que será necessário para corrigir este valor e eliminar esta multa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para um valor de 0,92 , teremos então:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;S&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; = P/FP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;⇾175/0&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,92 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;≅ &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;190,21&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;kVAh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Q = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;√S² - P²&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Q &lt;complete id=&quot;goog_2028745966&quot;&gt;= &lt;/complete&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;√190,21² - 175²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Q = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;√36182,65 - 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;625&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;≅&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;74,&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;kVArh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;cor&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;= Q&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;nt&lt;/span&gt; - Q&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;novo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;⇾ 421,23 - 74,54 = 346,69kVArh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aí que está o &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;b&gt;X&lt;/b&gt;&quot;, este valor não é o valor da potencia reativa a ser corrigida, pois &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;trabalhamos o tempo todo com energia que é o que foi dado pelo consumo.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Para a potência teremos então que ter &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a quantidade de dias faturados, e supor as horas &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;por di&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; utilizadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Supomos então&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, no nosso caso, que são 32 dias faturados, e que temos &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;em torno de&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; horas diárias em que o consumo está ativo (estou supondo que seja um&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; comércio&lt;/span&gt; qualquer).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Teremos então&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;346,69/32 x 10 = &lt;b&gt;108,34&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;kVAr.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este então é o valor a ser aplicado no capacitor para que a multa por energia reativa seja eliminada. Este valor foi baseado em média &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;de dias, mas em alguns ca&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sos &lt;/span&gt;o mais adequado ser&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ia medir com um equipamento anali&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sador de energia, onde te&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ríamos fatores relevantes como horários&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; e&lt;/span&gt; picos de consumo, que nos dariam uma forma melhor de otimizar o uso do banco de capacitores, ligando eles nos momentos exatos e/ou colocando apenas a &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;quantidade necessária de c&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;élulas capacitivas, &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;aumentando a vida útil e diminuindo o custo de manutenção do sistema.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Gostou do artigo? Comente!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem dúvidas? Comente mais ainda!!!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Er&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;it quaestio scienti&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;am&lt;/span&gt; nostram est!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(Sua dúvida será nosso conheciment&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;o!!!)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/347802072624981477/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/correcao-de-fator-de-potencia.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/347802072624981477'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/347802072624981477'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/correcao-de-fator-de-potencia.html' title='Correção de fator de potencia'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKoxQ1uAWACEBS4XYf6ODkHd3e2hvYCEwr-gBirp6W7BpA5DhJwDzYiRYfrAQlXlRnn3W_Yilzd_HbxkTv9kZf9dsFr2yNV-rWiogMqQwzeufz-BEHf_-hszXnEet5dTb673omgvraz1_Z/s72-c/cosfi.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-6563746186943391930</id><published>2017-02-24T11:53:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:52:33.661-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'> O Triângulo das Potências</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;O &quot;Triangulo&quot; das
Potências&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic9D1dQVBXgZ-fxxRSRj-_P7lt_BmaEN7pMRtQ61d2tJFni3JTcGlwf1HZdggjAozWL6xHH5HpbXPVTXRrngbO7nxhLOsTUlP9r4NUznCOOy278Ufg96I4LzMMSfgxHs4DuIoR7HUnKpI6/s1600/triangulo.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;185&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic9D1dQVBXgZ-fxxRSRj-_P7lt_BmaEN7pMRtQ61d2tJFni3JTcGlwf1HZdggjAozWL6xHH5HpbXPVTXRrngbO7nxhLOsTUlP9r4NUznCOOy278Ufg96I4LzMMSfgxHs4DuIoR7HUnKpI6/s320/triangulo.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5JakSGKkon_E5BHstwQcwXRG64zktXk__Qte97Ed6q2r0C2_7u63-QmUbLPszBsrcug6PEJNChIdcUa03G7oAtaIAveh6xJl9KafTiI78fZsoyjJPqThjPsdjWlOtkgIMX5b-5nGH7jDu/s1600/fatorpotencia.png&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Quando tratamos de Corrente Alternada, certos conceitos, entre nós
profissionais mais práticos, ás vezes nos criam algumas dúvidas... Certa vez um
engenheiro eletricista me propôs entender o que era potencia e energia de
maneira que estes conceitos pudessem ser aplicados em eletricidade; pois bem
trago para vocês agora o que ele me explicou.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Força, Energia e Potência: O que são?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Voltemos aos conceitos e definições que alguns semi-quarentões como eu viram no
ensino fundamental...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Força: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;qualquer agente capaz de mudar a
trajetória ou deformar um corpo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Energia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: É a capacidade de realizar o
trabalho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Potência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: É a energia exercida para a
realização de um trabalho em relação ao tempo efetuado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Estes conceitos normalmente são aplicados a cinemática, parte da física que
estuda o movimento; vamos aplicar este conceito a eletricidade? Pois bem...
Sabemos que os elétrons caminham de um ponto de potencial maior para um menor.
Para isto ocorrer, temos então um agente que cria este movimento, uma &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;força,
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;que chamamos de&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; força eletromotriz(F.E.M.). &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Seguindo esta
ideia, temos um efeito chamado corrente elétrica, que é um movimento ordenado
de elétrons, por um meio condutor. A corrente elétrica seria então o &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;deslocamento&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
de elétrons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Temos que
trabalho é o produto da força pelo deslocamento, representado matematicamente
por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;T = F . d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
No nosso caso, F será a força eletromotriz (F.E.M.), que expressaremos por E, e
d será o deslocamento de elétrons, ou seja, a corrente elétrica, que
expressaremos por I; então temos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Te = E x I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O que chamamos de &quot;Trabalho elétrico&quot; (Te) nada mais é do que
energia, que é a medida de capacidade em produzir trabalho! Se em 1 segundo
temos uma F.E.M. &lt;b&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;, provocando uma determinada corrente
elétrica&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt; , temos então que a potencia será&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;P = E x I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bem, toda esta &quot;explanação&quot; serviu para mostrar a a corrente elétrica
indo de A para B, ou seja, num fluxo contínuo (CC); E se&amp;nbsp; ela estivesse
indo e voltando , de A para B e vice versa?!?!?!?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Ahhh, &quot;bendita&quot; Corrente
Alternada!!!!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pois é, sabemos de alguns efeitos quando a corrente elétrica se comporta desta
maneira... Um deles é que ela cria um campo magnético, que provoca um efeito de
oposição a ela mesma, chamado de Indutância. Pois bem a força eletromotriz está
lá, bonitinha, variando é claro, mas fazendo força a rodo pra manter a corrente
elétrica em funcionamento, mais o vai e volta dela causa um &quot;atraso&quot;
na mesma; então concluímos que Indutância é a capacidade de um circuito de se
opor a &lt;b&gt;variação&lt;/b&gt; de corrente elétrica. Como a corrente alternada funciona
como um ciclo (A→B, B→A), essa atraso é medido em graus, e é este angulo que
nos da um &quot;outro tipo&quot; de resistência elétrica chamado REATÂNCIA
INDUTIVA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8L36cF6-Qj4ni_BVizVEc_OeA-442_6MhjTBu3CA5WsOanVy5t2xjHOGgpyYPzxvbEF7ZHw5mN9QqG3uGVxAMA4zAcXtCveUuvGzqRU6NYBc6z8ArQtM0tUFOBNACxbm-7Hg6Ch6Mayrm/s1600/450px-Fig70_CEL18702.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8L36cF6-Qj4ni_BVizVEc_OeA-442_6MhjTBu3CA5WsOanVy5t2xjHOGgpyYPzxvbEF7ZHw5mN9QqG3uGVxAMA4zAcXtCveUuvGzqRU6NYBc6z8ArQtM0tUFOBNACxbm-7Hg6Ch6Mayrm/s320/450px-Fig70_CEL18702.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Atraso da corrente em relação a tensão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No caso de circuitos onde existem capacitores (ou simplesmente capacitância),
acontece o inverso: a corrente elétrica flui, porém a VARIAÇÃO de F.E.M. ou
tensão sofre retardo. Porquê?!?!?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;CAPACITÂNCIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: É a grandeza elétrica de um
capacitor, que é determinada pela quantidade de energia elétrica que pode ser
armazenada em si por uma determinada tensão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQc1e4vBEBNA3Jzidfrn0Ke969XskOlfIOA5eh8ZqMwhWgLqI5mIHQEzYqlqtnvTL0F6c7FeYSMrbwGsgnhX2t2dqv1sq1KSqeMfNOZmZQl-c2mHRd_MpSgr7Wju4efF0ceaZ5DnBB5AtG/s1600/grafico+IT+e+ET.GIF&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQc1e4vBEBNA3Jzidfrn0Ke969XskOlfIOA5eh8ZqMwhWgLqI5mIHQEzYqlqtnvTL0F6c7FeYSMrbwGsgnhX2t2dqv1sq1KSqeMfNOZmZQl-c2mHRd_MpSgr7Wju4efF0ceaZ5DnBB5AtG/s1600/grafico+IT+e+ET.GIF&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuzcY1jBmpR-BpXfJHhx887wu4YjU5tdn0cw0y5ekWkFKKFOpvH5_atvZPsl5TQyN78Wb_xPcrBcEcEJfH-Y_gGXDkgEFgqlKpFP6-lF6Y5aPVvHN8P4i7i3x58nOlGMYaAG5EV9fAlQRP/s1600/curva+IT+capacitor.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuzcY1jBmpR-BpXfJHhx887wu4YjU5tdn0cw0y5ekWkFKKFOpvH5_atvZPsl5TQyN78Wb_xPcrBcEcEJfH-Y_gGXDkgEFgqlKpFP6-lF6Y5aPVvHN8P4i7i3x58nOlGMYaAG5EV9fAlQRP/s1600/curva+IT+capacitor.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Gráficos tensão de carga, tensão de descarga e
  corrente em função do tempo (fonte Saber elétrica)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Bem o
comportamento do capacitor é o seguinte: no momento de repouso a carga no
capacitor é &lt;i&gt;zero; &lt;/i&gt;quando se submete uma determinada tensão a corrente
flui de uma maneira intensa, e cai em função do tempo, tendendo a zero.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Neste
momento a tensão (F.E.M.) do capacitor se torna igual a tensão(F.E.M.) da
fonte. Mas isto é C.C., C.A. são outros 500...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Como a
tensão, ou F.E.M. (chato ficar falando assim , mas é lúdico) varia o tempo todo
na CA, todo o tempo flui corrente elétrica certo? Mas todo o tempo o capacitor
oferece oposição a F.E.M., pois se comporta como uma fonte em paralelo com a
fonte de CA. Por isso se diz que a capacitância &lt;i&gt;se opõe a variação de
tensão.&lt;/i&gt; Ora, nada mais conclusivo então que&amp;nbsp; a tensão sofra atraso em
relação a corrente. Esta é a relação entre as &lt;i&gt;REATÂNCIAS CAPACITIVAS E
INDUTIVAS&lt;/i&gt;, são opostas em qualidade, por isso se anulam.&amp;nbsp; Então bora
lá, vamos entender como se chega àquele &quot;triangulozinho&quot; de lá de
cima!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Vamos
a setinha azul, ou vetor (representação gráfica de um agente ou força, em
física) representa a Potencia Real, ou seja, tudo que REALMENTE utilizamos em
termos de trabalho: acender uma lampada, fazer girar um motor, esquentar água
para o banho, fazer café (na cafeteira elétrica) e por ai vai... Pois bem, se
nosso equipamento em questão não apresenta nenhum efeito indutivo ou capacitivo
considerável, a corrente e a tensão demandada da fonte, seja ela um gerador ou
a rede de energia elétrica da concessionária, é igual ao produto da tensão pela
corrente, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;P=V.I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;; &lt;i&gt;Mas,&lt;/i&gt; se há reatância envolvida no
circuito, que representamos pela setinha verde, uma parte da energia é gasta em
reatância, e outra em trabalho útil, se somando, mesmo as duas agindo de formas
diferentes na mesma rede.&lt;i&gt;Capicce&lt;/i&gt;?!?!?!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tá,
entendemos que ela se soma, mas como? &lt;i&gt;Pego potência real + potência reativa,
passo a régua e mando a conta para o que esta na cabeceira da mesa&lt;/i&gt;? &lt;b&gt;Naaaaão,&lt;/b&gt;
não é este tipo de soma 😵...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Digamos
que você vá fazer um churrasco americano; pois bem, você convida vários amigos,
então cada um traz alguma coisa diferente: asa, linguiça, carne (que seja uma
bela Picanha!!!). Estas são as comidas, ou seja para mastigar, que no nosso
caso, sera a potência real, aquilo que realmente importa, encher o bucho! Mas,
porém, todavia, contudo, senão, no entanto, ninguém fica sem um biricutico(
aliás, tem gente que da mais importância num churrasco pra difusão etílica
rsrs), que vai ser nossa potencia reativa. Pois bem a soma dos dois, comida e
bebida é o que totaliza nosso &lt;i&gt;CHURRASCO&lt;/i&gt;; são coisas diferentes, mas que
representam um total.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Em
física, chamamos esta soma&amp;nbsp; de soma vetorial, que se diferencia da soma
algébrica ou escalar, por se considera um angulo de defasagem ou seja, estas
forças que somamos não ficam na mesma linha, elas se cruzam, formando um angulo
chamado &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;angulo de fase&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, que dá origem a algo que em eletricidade
chamamos de &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;fator de potência&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, que nada mais é que o cosseno do
angulo de fase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30px; left: 150.04px; text-align: center; top: 970.333px; transform: scaleX(1.09697);&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Erit quaestio scientiam nostram!!!! &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 20px; left: 150.84px; text-align: center; top: 1028.18px; transform: scaleX(1.01168);&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (Sua dúvida será nosso conhecimento!!!!) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30px; left: 214.483px; top: 1133.59px; transform: scaleX(0.959731);&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/6563746186943391930/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/o-triangulo-das-potencias.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6563746186943391930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6563746186943391930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/o-triangulo-das-potencias.html' title=' O Triângulo das Potências'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic9D1dQVBXgZ-fxxRSRj-_P7lt_BmaEN7pMRtQ61d2tJFni3JTcGlwf1HZdggjAozWL6xHH5HpbXPVTXRrngbO7nxhLOsTUlP9r4NUznCOOy278Ufg96I4LzMMSfgxHs4DuIoR7HUnKpI6/s72-c/triangulo.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-6335180664801166065</id><published>2017-02-11T08:42:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T16:56:59.888-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Dimensionamento de Cabos Final</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
DIMENSIONAMENTO DE CONDUTORES ELÉTRICOS (parte final)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;OS SEIS CRITÉRIOS TÉCNICOS DE DIMENSIONAMENTO DE CONDUTORES ELÉTRICOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Chamamos de dimensionamento técnico de um circuito à aplicação dos diversos itens da NBR 5410/2004 relativos à escolha da seção de um condutor e do seu respectivo dispositivo de proteção.&lt;br /&gt;Os seis critérios da norma são:&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt; seção mínima&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;; conforme 6.2.6;&lt;br /&gt;• capacidade de &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;condução de corrente&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;;conforme 6.2.5;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;queda de tensão&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;; conforme 6.2.7;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;sobrecarga&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;; conforme 5.3.3;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;curto-circuito&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;; conforme 5.3.5;&lt;br /&gt;• proteção contra &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;choques elétricos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;; conforme 5.1.2.2.4 (quando aplicável)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para considerarmos um circuito completa e corretamente dimensionado, é necessário realizar os seis cálculos acima, cada um resultando em uma seção&lt;br /&gt;e considerar como seção final aquela que é a maior dentre todas as obtidas.&lt;br /&gt;Especial atenção deve ser dispensada ao dimensionamento de condutores em circuitos onde haja a presença de &lt;a href=&quot;https://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com.br/2011/12/a-inimiga-n1-dos-projetistas-de.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;harmônicas&lt;/a&gt;. Esse assunto é abordado no&lt;br /&gt;item 6.2.6.2.5 da NBR 5410/2004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
SEÇÃO MÍNIMA (NBR 5410:2004 6.2.6)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;SEÇÃO MÍNIMA DO CONDUTOR NEUTRO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Conforme 6.2.6.2 da NBR 5410/2004, o condutor&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;neutro deve possuir, no mínimo, a mesma seção que os condutores fase nos seguintes casos:&lt;br /&gt;• em &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;circuitos monofásicos e bifásicos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;• em &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;circuitos trifásicos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;, quando a seção do &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;condutor fase&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt; for igual ou inferior a 25mm²;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;• em circuitos trifásicos, quando for prevista a presença de &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;harmônicas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Conforme 6.2.6.2.6 da NBR 5410/2004, apenas nos circuitos trifásicos, é admitida a redução do condutor neutro quando as três condições abaixo forem&lt;br /&gt;simultaneamente atendidas:&lt;br /&gt;• quando a seção do &lt;u&gt;&lt;i&gt;neutro&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/u&gt; for no mínimo igual a 25mm²;&lt;br /&gt;• caso a &lt;i&gt;máxima corrente susceptível&lt;/i&gt; de percorrer o neutro seja inferior à &lt;i&gt;capacidade de condução de corrente&lt;/i&gt; correspondente à seção&lt;i&gt; reduzida&lt;/i&gt; do condutor neutro;&lt;br /&gt;• quando o &lt;i&gt;condutor neutro for protegido contra sobrecorrentes&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Os valores mínimos da seção do condutor neutro nestes casos estão indicados na tabela a seguir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; height=&quot;57&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seções dos condutores Fase (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seção mínima do condutor Neutro (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;33&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;De 1,5 a 25mm²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mesma seção do condutor Fase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O CONDUTOR DE PROTEÇÃO (FIO TERRA):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A NBR 5410/2004 recomenda o uso de condutores de proteção (designados&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;por &lt;b&gt;PE&lt;/b&gt;), que, preferencialmente, deverão ser condutores isolados, cabos&lt;br /&gt;unipolares ou veias de cabos multipolares. A tabela&amp;nbsp; indica a seção mínima do condutor de proteção em função da seção dos condutores fase do circuito. Em alguns casos, admite-se o uso de um condutor com a &lt;i&gt;função dupla de neutro e condutor de proteção&lt;/i&gt;. É o condutor &lt;b&gt;PEN&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;b&gt;PE + N&lt;/b&gt;), &lt;i&gt;cuja seção mínima é de 10mm², se for condutor isolado ou cabo unipolar, ou de 4mm², se for uma veia de um cabo multipolar (NBR 5410:2004 6.4.3.4)&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;




 
 
 
 
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup span=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;171&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; height=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seções dos condutores Fase (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seção mínima do condutor de Proteção (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1,5 (mínima)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;630&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
SEÇÃO MÍNIMA DO CONDUTOR FASE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Normalmente se considera fase, condutor&lt;i&gt; vivo&lt;/i&gt; ou&lt;i&gt; carregado&lt;/i&gt; os condutores de um sistema trifásico onde o &lt;i&gt;neutro&lt;/i&gt; acompanha o &lt;i&gt;equilibrio do sistema&lt;/i&gt;, ou onde não existem &lt;i&gt;í&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;ndice relevante&lt;/i&gt; de corrente harmônica. Em situações adversas a estas, ou onde existe em pelo &lt;i&gt;menos uma delas&lt;/i&gt;, o neutro tambem é considerado &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;condutor carregado&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;( vide item 6.2.5.6.1 da NBR 5410). Destaco aqui esta informação, pois é um conceito importante para compreendermos a classificação postas pela tabelas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Por uma questão de visualização, não irei dispor das tabelas aqui, mas deixarei um link para baixar os PDF&#39;s, de maneira mais cômoda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/zip/EWHDvveyba/tabelas_de_dimensionamento_de_.html&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiltQRzTf92D6Qs9rTeWGIz6GJGezPBdRd5vE6k27nGv3iAUJoMOUfE24ir1xXThBN7KHR3yCo7f5GAeMvS-kkP6wDZIm8mD5YbyXo1uSyoG-v5TFnxew1vziOpCu04Iu_OUtIzW9XUefQA/s1600/%25C3%25ADndice.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/zip/EWHDvveyba/tabelas_de_dimensionamento_de_.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tabelas de Dimensionamento de cabos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/6335180664801166065/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-cabos-pt-3.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6335180664801166065'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/6335180664801166065'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-cabos-pt-3.html' title='Dimensionamento de Cabos Final'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s72-c/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-2694551630667745945</id><published>2017-02-07T00:29:00.007-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T16:57:26.699-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Dimensionamento de Cabos Pt.2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
DIMENSIONAMENTO DE CONDUTORES ELÉTRICOS (parte 2)&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
Tipos de condutores&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
Em geral, os fios e cabos são designados em termos de seu comportamento quando submetidos a ação do fogo, isto é, em função do material de sua isolação e cobertura. Assim, os cabos elétricos podem ser:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Propagadores de chama&lt;/b&gt;. São aqueles que entram em combustão sob a ação direta da chama e a mantém mesmo após a retirada da chama. Pertencem a esta categoria o etilenopropileno (EPR) e o polietileno reticulado (XLPE).Além destes, existem uma evolução do EPR, o &lt;a href=&quot;http://exame.abril.com.br/negocios/dino/conheca-as-vantagens-da-isolacao-em-hepr-dos-condutores-eletricos-shtml/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;HEPR&lt;/a&gt;, com retardo&amp;nbsp; a chama superior ao EPR&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguBTG01byymS82lwCvbKoS90V6alXmc-abpn45-3oExOvZz_5ApHDdYl0fclsDk2jFhA-XFWqgcW3EyVs2OTXPdRIYpaLYZTpPKlQFHOp5ovjzFfQTqJN4WANZBqwz-GSpyQyb4SoH1P7Q/s1600/cabo-mackrigido-xlpe-450-750V-sem-cobertura.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;170&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguBTG01byymS82lwCvbKoS90V6alXmc-abpn45-3oExOvZz_5ApHDdYl0fclsDk2jFhA-XFWqgcW3EyVs2OTXPdRIYpaLYZTpPKlQFHOp5ovjzFfQTqJN4WANZBqwz-GSpyQyb4SoH1P7Q/s200/cabo-mackrigido-xlpe-450-750V-sem-cobertura.png&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Não-propagadores de chama&lt;/b&gt;. Removida a chama ativadora, a combustão do material cessa. Considera-se o cloreto de polivinila (PVC) e o neoprene não-propagadores de chama.&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji92wiYcY2Lmbbs3PPXxYfPLgJFYbad3jFxgMaK4856sl9oAWJfqyDFFfD-yYtgY_Ou4uKIzY_nf9RJHm3EY_Q1SaFo4mktnJYD8LqajnvH09nxuhriv7F0x3IoYLfNTm40gSIOhJHJiGB/s1600/cobre+PVC.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji92wiYcY2Lmbbs3PPXxYfPLgJFYbad3jFxgMaK4856sl9oAWJfqyDFFfD-yYtgY_Ou4uKIzY_nf9RJHm3EY_Q1SaFo4mktnJYD8LqajnvH09nxuhriv7F0x3IoYLfNTm40gSIOhJHJiGB/s200/cobre+PVC.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Resistentes a chama&lt;/b&gt;. Mesmo em caso de exposição prolongada, a chama não se propaga ao longo do material isolante do cabo. É o caso dos cabos Sintenax Antiflam, da PireIli/Prismian, e Noflam BWF 750 V, da Ficap/Nexans.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWYicQkGQ515ETkJ4Ot2EWgW6xO09Z3vN84qtObajmwDpM2G2L2Uwvyb4v3S_2okCQmVyb85ani1OxZogCctYWfmu6ulJ3KJfCg7QtLXcTO9KIPj4KyWoFud35XHsFqo2zArfXsBFjR4R/s1600/prd_1633_i_cabo_sintenax__90_.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;149&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWYicQkGQ515ETkJ4Ot2EWgW6xO09Z3vN84qtObajmwDpM2G2L2Uwvyb4v3S_2okCQmVyb85ani1OxZogCctYWfmu6ulJ3KJfCg7QtLXcTO9KIPj4KyWoFud35XHsFqo2zArfXsBFjR4R/s200/prd_1633_i_cabo_sintenax__90_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Resistentes ao fogo&lt;/b&gt;. São materiais especiais incombustíveis, que permitem o funcionamento do circuito elétrico mesmo em presença de um incêndio, São usados em circuitos de segurança e sinalizações de emergência.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsuYs8Yf5cRlUMCKCDYnKhyjHuNy2vSJB7JxqDmxsaYbJFBB-rUlUzRA2ojCeOGEdMPS6VMH_6uZU-vQ-Bjl7dSC_f2Ssdll3xKPgwC0eNaQd0U9-kZETREyiv9DpCXBn9cPKsBqKyexSl/s1600/atoxresistenteafogo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;184&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsuYs8Yf5cRlUMCKCDYnKhyjHuNy2vSJB7JxqDmxsaYbJFBB-rUlUzRA2ojCeOGEdMPS6VMH_6uZU-vQ-Bjl7dSC_f2Ssdll3xKPgwC0eNaQd0U9-kZETREyiv9DpCXBn9cPKsBqKyexSl/s200/atoxresistenteafogo.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
No Brasil, fabrica-se uma linha de cabos que tem as características anteriormente descritas. A Pirelli chamou-os de cabos Afumex, e a Ficap, Afitox, e a SIL de Atox(como na figura acima). No caso dos cabos de potência, a temperatura de exercício no condutor e de 90°C, a temperatura de sobrecarga e de 130°C e de curto-circuito, de 250°C.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Próximo Post: &lt;b&gt;Dimensionamento de condutores: Regras e Tabelas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/2694551630667745945/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-condutores-eletricos_7.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2694551630667745945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2694551630667745945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-condutores-eletricos_7.html' title='Dimensionamento de Cabos Pt.2'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-RdlopgiEpxUpUPj4IHKrY0_Btfv7u0wBn1lZiZsCZyprgNG_xwwbzHR5EnsLPnIRaYjr5KMqSCGEi07ZX7L8hPXRUnpsEPTDYnWiKKJ_VatvjZj19OsZrkPDn8XQ8xoKahVpHDEf4ZO/s72-c/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-2194799917356036086</id><published>2017-02-06T06:58:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T16:57:43.150-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Dimensonamento de Cabos Pt. 1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
DIMENSIONAMENTO DE CONDUTORES ELÉTRICOS (parte 1)&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqpsT94pzWHW2QCahRa3W6-oLso8PbTdjaKeBBlxhw5PQ_o7WzXKGMJZTc1TyH9mpADxUbKGFdSbGZ_rMQTHiFveaOjfyHvUkQOSk9DDamVplVJgnV33QtIAu9NDiHsSHCgwjeVFF4IOi/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqpsT94pzWHW2QCahRa3W6-oLso8PbTdjaKeBBlxhw5PQ_o7WzXKGMJZTc1TyH9mpADxUbKGFdSbGZ_rMQTHiFveaOjfyHvUkQOSk9DDamVplVJgnV33QtIAu9NDiHsSHCgwjeVFF4IOi/s1600/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A parte mais barata de uma instalação elétrica é a tubulação e infraestrutura, que leva menos de 1% do valor total da obra, e vemos muita disparidade em algumas construções por ai, mas quando se trata de condutores, da fiação em si, a coisa&amp;nbsp; tem sido muito pior: circuito mal dimensionado, muito longos, faltando elementos de segurança como condutor de proteção (a maioria leiga considera terra um &quot;luxo&quot;), e como se não bastasse, ainda temos os fios de baixa qualidade, onde se encontra até 50% menos cobre para a seção nominal indicada...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Considerações básicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Condutor elétrico é um corpo constituído de material bom condutor, destinado a transmissão de eletricidade. Em geral é de cobre eletrolítico e, em certos casos, de alumínio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fio &lt;/i&gt;é um condutor sólido, maciço, de seção circular, com ousem isolação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cabo &lt;/i&gt;é um conjunto de fios encordoados, não isolados entre si. Pode ser isolado ou não, de acordo com o uso a que se destina.É mais flexível do que um fio da mesma capacidade de carga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihx9eLVmWTqi8ku1OPaUS_SetbxuPlXmBrczjB8wHX-hVvy-wpjy9D9Yxj0hyphenhyphenoZPifUhsFuhSQlJxm-s7F66UKfSIN0XhGwRsMW4AuJFMXLsUyf9ie6sxUWXUp3lwZ-M-hSbQtZeydResz/s1600/fio+e+cabo.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;156&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihx9eLVmWTqi8ku1OPaUS_SetbxuPlXmBrczjB8wHX-hVvy-wpjy9D9Yxj0hyphenhyphenoZPifUhsFuhSQlJxm-s7F66UKfSIN0XhGwRsMW4AuJFMXLsUyf9ie6sxUWXUp3lwZ-M-hSbQtZeydResz/s200/fio+e+cabo.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Com frequência, os eletrodutos conduzem os condutores de fase, neutro e terra, simultaneamente. Esses condutores são eletricamente isolados com o revestimento de material mau condutor de eletricidade, e que constitui a isolação do condutor. Um cabo isolado é um cabo que possui isolação. Além da isolação, recobre-se com uma camada denominada cobertura quando os cabos devem ficar em instalação exposta, colocado em bandejas ou diretamente no solo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Os cabos podem ser:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;• unipolares, quando constituídos por um condutor de fios trancados, com cobertura isolante protetora &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;• multipolares, quando constituídos por dois ou mais condutores isolados, protegidos por uma camada protetora de cobertura comum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Seção nominal&lt;/i&gt; de um fio ou cabo e a área da seção transversal do fio ou da soma das seções dos fios componentes de urn cabo. A secao de urn condutor a que nos referimos não inclui a isolação e a cobertura (se for 0 caso de possuir cobertura).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ate o ano de 1982, para a caracterização das bitolas, usava-se no Brasil a escala AWG/CM (American Wire Gauge - circular mil). A AWG e baseada numa progressão geométrica de diamêtros expressos em polegadas ate a bitola 0000 (4/0). Acima desta bitola, as seções são expressas em circular mils - CM ou múltiplo de mil circular mils -MCM.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Um mil e a abreviatura de 1 milésimo quadrado de polegada: 1 CM = 5,067 X 1O⁻⁶ cm².&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A partir de dezembro de 1982, a Norma Brasileira NB-3 da ABNT foi reformulada, recebendo do Inmetro (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial) a designação de NBR 5.41 0: 1980, foi posteriormente substituída pela 5.410: 1990.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Em atualização constante, está em vigor a NBR 5410: 2004. Nesta Norma, os condutores elétricos são especificados por sua seção em milímetros quadrados (mm²), segundo a escala padronizada, série métrica da IEC (Internacional Electrotechnical Commission). A seção nominal de um cabo multipolar é igual ao produto da seção do condutor de cada veia pelo número de veias que constituem o cabo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATERIAL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Em instalações residenciais só podem ser empregados condutores de cobre, exceto condutores de aterramento e proteção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Em instalações comerciais é permitido o emprego de condutores de alumínio com seções iguais ou superiores a 50 mm²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Em instalacoes industriais podem ser utilizados condutores de alummio, desde que sejam obedecidas simultaneamente as seguintes condições:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- Seção nominal dos condutores seja ≥ 16 mm&#39;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- Potência instalada&amp;nbsp; ≥ 50 kW.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- Instalações e manutenção qualificadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Seções mínimas dos Condutores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup span=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;171&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;colgroup span=&quot;4&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;colgroup width=&quot;173&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;34&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tipo De Instalação&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Utilização Do Circuito&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seção Mínima do Condutor(mm²)/material&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Instalações fixas&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de iluminação&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;1,5 Cu – 16 Al&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de força&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;2,5 Cu – 16 Al&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de sinalização e circuito de comando&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;0,5 Cu&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de força&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;10 Cu – 16 Al&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de sinalização e circuito de comando&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;4 Cu&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;113&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Ligações flexíveis feitas com cabos isolados&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Para um equipamendo específico&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Como estabelecido na norma do Equipamento&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Para qualquer outra aplicação&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;0,75 Cu&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Circuito de extrabaixa tensão&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 2px 2px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;0,75 Cu&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;body,div,table,thead,tbody,tfoot,tr,th,td,p { font-family:&quot;Liberation Sans&quot;; font-size:x-small }
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&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup span=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;171&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00CC00&quot; height=&quot;57&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid double double solid; border-width: 2px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seções dos condutores Fase (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3300&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid double double; border-width: 2px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seção mínima do condutor Neutro (mm²)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;33&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;De 1,5 a 25mm²&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;Mesma seção do condutor Fase&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;35&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;50&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;35&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;95&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;50&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;150&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;95&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;240&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double double solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;300&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid double double; border-width: 1px 2px 1px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;150&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double double solid solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;400&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: double solid solid double; border-width: 1px 2px 2px 1px;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seção mínima do condutor Neutro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O condutor Neutro de ter a mesma seção do(s) condutor(es) fase , nos seguintes casos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a)&lt;/b&gt; Em circuitos monofásicos e bifásicos, qualquer que seja a seção,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b)&lt;/b&gt; Em circuitos trifásicos, quando a seção do condutor fase for inferior ou igual a 25mm², em cobre ou em alumínio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c)&lt;/b&gt; Em circuitos trifasicos, quando for prevista a presenca de harmônicos, qualquer que seja a seção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Próxima post: &lt;b&gt;Tipos de Condutores &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/2194799917356036086/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-condutores-eletricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2194799917356036086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2194799917356036086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/02/dimensionamento-de-condutores-eletricos.html' title='Dimensonamento de Cabos Pt. 1'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqpsT94pzWHW2QCahRa3W6-oLso8PbTdjaKeBBlxhw5PQ_o7WzXKGMJZTc1TyH9mpADxUbKGFdSbGZ_rMQTHiFveaOjfyHvUkQOSk9DDamVplVJgnV33QtIAu9NDiHsSHCgwjeVFF4IOi/s72-c/dimensionamento_paralelos.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-5725406536009185417</id><published>2017-01-19T02:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:00:22.618-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SEGURANÇA"/><title type='text'>ALTA VOLTAGEM</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Interessante este﻿ video exibido pelo History Channel contando sobre as primeiras linhas de distribuição &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nos EUA. O que mais me chamou atenção foi o índice de mortalidade em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cursos24horas.com.br/parceiro.asp?cod=promocao52796&amp;amp;id=53108&amp;amp;url=cursos/seguranca-do-trabalho&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;acidentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de trabalhadores da &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;área, pasmantes 50% !!!! Isso mesmo, de cada 2 trabalhadores, 1 morria vítima de acidente de trabalho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ainda hoje se tem uma razoável taxa de acidentes, de maneira que desde 2004 aqui no Brasil&amp;nbsp;a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;NR-10: Segurança em serviços de eletricidade, uma das 3&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; (indo para 3&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;7, agora em consulta publica&lt;/span&gt;) normas regulamentadoras do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, se tornou força de lei para o empregador, sendo mais cobrada ostensivamente onde há trabalhos envolvendo diretamente eletricidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nunca é repetitivo dizer que&lt;/span&gt; é obrigação do empregador te fornecer segurança, mas a segurança, sua e de to&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;dos,&lt;/span&gt; também&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; depende de você!!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/5725406536009185417/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/alta-voltagem.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5725406536009185417'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5725406536009185417'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/alta-voltagem.html' title='ALTA VOLTAGEM'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQae5pRPP6kfwVAYW8xNhn3jUCns0vsqT3oOjsuYlaNnHReCsf5edUAbR7XMn2ysaxkFer00v9OvUijA3LoWacnXdRZ1Vygr-WdbmOdHHPbIsrnZkAqXefrbVILb5BL3o9NDyYcN_eCkMP/s72-c/hqdefault.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-2786689713344588756</id><published>2017-01-14T06:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-05-29T00:55:28.962-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>O risco da perda de Neutro</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Nesta semana recebi um chamado para verificar a instalação de um cliente que reclamava de constante queima de lâmpadas em sua instalação; um prédio comercial recém adquirido, ainda sucateado por falta de uso, que iria passar por reforma assim que seu novo proprietário tivesse condições. Perguntei a ele se não estava fazendo uso de lâmpadas incandescentes que sabemos ter baixa vida útil, mas ele retrucou que estavam sendo utilizadas lâmpadas fluorescentes eletrônicas... Rapidamente , como um flash, me vem a mente a palavra NEUTRO! Quando chego ao local, cerca de uma hora depois, num cumprimento de profecia, estava lá, o borne de neutro do padrão de medição da concessionária &quot;torrado&quot;. Bem, neste caso, o prejuízo do meu cliente não chegou a R$ 50, pois mal estava em uso o prédio, mas as consequências poderiam em outras situações serem bem desastrosas...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Vamos lá: o que acontece quando perdemos o neutro de uma instalação elétrica??? Vamos entender primeiro o que é um sistema elétrico trifásico.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sistema &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;ede &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;imétrica &lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;rifásica)&lt;/h3&gt;
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Essa &quot;sopinha de letras&quot; coloridas foi bem de propósito para destacar que um sistema trifásico é composto por três fases idênticas mas intercaladas em 120°&lt;br /&gt;
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Existem duas configurações deste sistema: o triangulo (chamado também de delta) e o estrela (as vezes chamado Y).No nosso caso, nos deteremos ao estrela,&lt;/div&gt;
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pois é o mais comum.&lt;/div&gt;
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Na ligação estrela, o ponto central, que chamamos de &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;neutro, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;funciona como ponto de equilíbrio do sistema. Quem se lembra da 1ª lei de Kirchoff???&lt;/div&gt;
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&quot;Em qualquer nó, a soma das correntes que o deixam(aquelas cujas apontam para fora do nó) é igual a soma das correntes que chegam até ele.&quot;&lt;/h4&gt;
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Vamos supor então que as cargas &lt;b&gt;Z1, Z2 e Z3&lt;/b&gt; sejam iguais e que VL sejam tensões de linha de mesmo valor porém distintas, de fontes diferentes; teremos então que a corrente que chega em &lt;b&gt;1 &lt;/b&gt;, passa por &lt;b&gt;Z1&lt;/b&gt;, e se divide, indo para &lt;b&gt;Z2 e Z3&lt;/b&gt;, ficando da seguinte forma:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1 = IL1(2) + IL1(3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, sendo&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; IL1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; a corrente que chega no nó &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;0&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, e&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; IL1(2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; e &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1(3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; as correntes que saem do nó &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;0&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Do mesmo modo, temos a corrente que chega em &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; , passa por &lt;b&gt;Z2&lt;/b&gt; e se divide, indo para &lt;b&gt;Z1 e Z3&lt;/b&gt;, ocorrendo no ponto &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;, de modo similar, ou seja, entra em &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;, passa por &lt;b&gt;Z3&lt;/b&gt;, se divide para &lt;b&gt;Z1 e Z2.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ficamos assim então:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;L1 = IL1(2)&amp;nbsp;+ IL1(3)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;IL2 = IL2(1)&amp;nbsp;+ IL2(3)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;IL3 = IL3(1) + IL3(2)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Aplicando a lei de Kirchoff, temos:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1+IL2+IL3 = (IL1(2)+IL1(3))+(IL2(1)+IL2(3))+(IL3(1)+IL3(2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Considerando que &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Z1,Z2 e Z3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; são iguais, e que os valores de tensão também são, teremos que &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1, IL2 e IL3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; são iguais, e suas divisões pela malha também (&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1(2)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; igual a &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;IL1(3)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;podemos escrever que&lt;/div&gt;
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3(IL) = 3(IL1 + IL2)&lt;/div&gt;
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3(IL) - 3(IL1 + IL2) = 0,&lt;/div&gt;
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que é nossa corrente de neutro, ou a corrente que sai do nó &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;0.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Bem, todo este aparato matemático nos diz que, se interrompermos a ligação do neutro que vem da nossa fonte, nada acontecerá. Só que na prática nos nunca temos um circuito trifásico perfeitamente equilibrado, principalmente em redes de distribuição de energia...&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;O que ocorrerá então?!?!?!?!?!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Como as impedâncias são diferentes entre si, as correntes que circulam entre as fases, serão diferentes entre si, também, e haverá corrente maior que zero percorrendo o condutor neutro. Havendo rompimento do condutor neutro por qualquer hipótese, ficaria como no exemplo abaixo:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot;; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;© 2004-2014 Jorge Bruno Fritz Knirsch&lt;br /&gt;
        Todos os direitos reservados&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.byknirsch.com.br/&quot;&gt;http://www.byknirsch.com.br&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Onde o circuito passa a se comportar como um circuito série, e a corrente elétrica que o percorre será sempre referente a divisão em a tensão entre fases (230V) e o somatório das impedâncias(447,9 ohms). Com isto, a tensão que entre as cargas sempre era de 127V (tensão entre fase e neutro) passa a ser dada em função da impedância de cada carga. Equipamentos de menor consumo elétrico, como eletrônicos, recebem neste momento uma sobretensão desastrosamente alta para ele, danificando-os, como no caso das lâmpadas do meu cliente.&lt;/div&gt;
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Certa vez em presenciei um caso em que estava sendo feita a manutenção de um sistema de rede estabilizada, onde se tinha um estabilizador trifásico de 22KVA, alimentando 9 andares de um prédio pertencente a um órgão público estadual. Pois bem, foi desligada a rede para manutenção, retirado o equipamento danificado, e instalado o equipamento novo. Já chegando no final do prazo da janela de manutenção (tempo de paralisação do sistema destinado a sua manutenção), a equipe começou a acelerar o serviço, e fatalmente &quot;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;esqueceram&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&quot; de ligar o condutor neutro do equipamento ao neutro do sistema de distribuição.&lt;/div&gt;
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Resultado: cada andar tinha pelo menos duas Multifuncionais laser Xerox 3600, na época custando cerca de R$ 4000 cada. De 25 maquinas no prédio,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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10 maquinas destas foram danificadas quando se re-energizou a alimentação estabilizada do prédio. A garantia da assistência técnica não cobriu, e todo o reparo foi custeado pela instituição. Quanto a equipe... prefiro nem comentar, mas sei que situações como estas podem acontecer, e podem ser bem danosas.&lt;/div&gt;
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Dúvidas?!?!?! Lembre-se:&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sua dúvida é meu aprendizado!!!!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/2786689713344588756/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/01/o-risco-da-perda-de-neutro-nesta-semana.html#comment-form' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2786689713344588756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/2786689713344588756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/01/o-risco-da-perda-de-neutro-nesta-semana.html' title='O risco da perda de Neutro'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQe50wbelY0WsyCXY-PD_YiJMp7QrqWVgC_brYXu_A8f5PWk56n3uElk0ri1eu2aJyFeY0kvH1bawWpMePoCJQEwl7a64aFHRLcBc97WnhIb0nLMOQ8mg-Tv8O557oqAngnQlxmXRng_Td/s72-c/falta+de+neutro.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-5284043910064392871</id><published>2017-01-10T17:58:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:05:03.246-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="UTILIDADE PÚBLICA"/><title type='text'>Como orçar???? Dicas para se dar um orçamento justo e razoável</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUrY_Ztep1xLe3RGJt9WAsdUrAE7xZ_wdyxEXuK12HjLUWPA1THnNBE9E2zHeDJCqgDNpv3D9RpzKO2cUvPzqStLOttku3nF3JwbLWeLPa4PEw7KwdWDeUxfI7hxOniymSoRxVUTStYgWB/s1600/slide-d%25C3%25BAvida.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;131&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUrY_Ztep1xLe3RGJt9WAsdUrAE7xZ_wdyxEXuK12HjLUWPA1THnNBE9E2zHeDJCqgDNpv3D9RpzKO2cUvPzqStLOttku3nF3JwbLWeLPa4PEw7KwdWDeUxfI7hxOniymSoRxVUTStYgWB/s320/slide-d%25C3%25BAvida.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; Quanto cobrar por uma instalação de ventilador de teto, ou para trocar a fiação de uma casa com 50m² ?!?!?! Dúvidas frequentes em profissionais menos experientes, principalmente quando se lançam a trabalhar como autônomos, ou até mesmo no bico de fim-de-semana...&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp; Bem, saber administrar sua mão de obra é fundamental, já que sua sobrevivência profissional e até mesmo pessoal depende disto. Saber qual é seu tempo hábil para determinado serviço, custos e despesas com deslocamento, taxas fiscais, são alguns fatores que entram na composição de preço de um orçamento.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;Algumas dicas para quem esta entrando na área de instalador seguem por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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aqui:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;NUNCA SE NORTEIE PELO PREÇO DA CONCORRÊNCIA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que cobram na verdade pode ser uma composição de preço que não te atende nem ao seu cliente, e muitas vezes só mesmo o (mau) escrúpulo de um profissional que quer lucrar explorando, ou a inexperiência de quem não conhece nada do &quot;riscado&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONHEÇA BEM AS PARTICULARIDADES DO QUE VOCÊ VAI EXECUTAR&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Tudo começa bem entre você e seu cliente, quando você considera as necessidades do seu cliente e apresenta as melhores alternativas, baseadas em normas técnicas, por isso é fundamental investir em seu aprimoramento técnico (já consegui um orçamento melhor porque expliquei para um cliente como e para quê servia um disjuntor DR...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;LEVE EM CONTA TODOS OS FATORES RELEVANTES NA HORA DE COMPOR PREÇO&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Certas vezes algo sai do controle ou você toma prejuízo por se deparar com uma situação que desconsiderou mesmo sabendo que poderia ocorrer, como um item do material que foi retirado do mercado, ou a necessidade de um profissional adicional, como um pedreiro, por exemplo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;NÃO SE SINTA O &quot;BAM BAM BAM&quot; DA SITUAÇÃO&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Frases do tipo &quot;eu tenho 20 anos de experiência nisto&quot;, ou &quot;sou formado e tenho diploma na área&quot; não colam na hora de justificar um orçamento; preço final sempre parece alto, mas quando se detalha um valor, apresentando condições de pagamento, como parcelamento, por exemplo, são muito mais apresentáveis do que um valor no cartão de visita. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Aqui vai o link de um site em que admiro pelo conteúdo, que é o Clube do Instalador (&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fastseg.blogspot.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;ttp://fastseg.blogspot.com.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), com a &lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/office/lgbK9gI1ba/guia_eletricista_clube.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;tabela&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; de preços que é resultado de pesquisas em todo o território nacional por órgãos como Instituto para o Desenvolvimento do Trabalho (IDET) - CE e SENAC - SP.&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Outro site com conteúdo muito bom para quem procura aprimoramento técnico é a Sala da Elétrica &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;(&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.saladaeletrica.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;http://www.saladaeletrica.com.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;, que tem como administrador o&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/EvertonMoraesOficial?fref=ts&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;Engº Everton Moraes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, referência na área de ensino técnico em eletrotécnica.&lt;/div&gt;
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Então, rumo ao conhecimento!&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/office/lgbK9gI1ba/guia_eletricista_clube.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/office/lgbK9gI1ba/guia_eletricista_clube.html&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1iExwvVhyphenhyphenJ6A2YcJXI2MNqPOkEg44Leps4LAegouAur97CZemoFEeI5Q8eklDcYli-7WEhgNr7sJ_1bWJEmQD8mbvM-Pc5fNM4YiyL4P1E0BdWqOKdgJVA8M0qPLENHJd1Hqfhg9OYjm5/s1600/%25C3%25ADndice.jpeg&quot; title=&quot;Tabela de preços eletricista 2016-2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Tabela de preços eletricista 2016-2017&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/5284043910064392871/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/01/como-orcar-dicas-para-se-dar-um.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5284043910064392871'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5284043910064392871'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2017/01/como-orcar-dicas-para-se-dar-um.html' title='Como orçar???? Dicas para se dar um orçamento justo e razoável'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUrY_Ztep1xLe3RGJt9WAsdUrAE7xZ_wdyxEXuK12HjLUWPA1THnNBE9E2zHeDJCqgDNpv3D9RpzKO2cUvPzqStLOttku3nF3JwbLWeLPa4PEw7KwdWDeUxfI7hxOniymSoRxVUTStYgWB/s72-c/slide-d%25C3%25BAvida.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-3123231697076360893</id><published>2012-02-05T05:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:05:29.760-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="UTILIDADE PÚBLICA"/><title type='text'>NOVO - Conselho Federal de Engenharia Elétrica (CFEE)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Foi aberto agora em 2010 o Conselho Federal de Engenharia Elétrica, uma entidade não governamental sem ligações com o Crea ou o Confea; é de afiliação gratuita, oferece cadastro e email corporativo gratuito, sem expiração, alem de indexar o cadastro de associado a buscas por profissionais da area feitas no próprio site.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; É promissor este site, que busca alem de normatizar a atividade de engenharia eletrica, cadastrar profissionais atuantes na área, sejam de nivel superior, médio ou elementar; boas intenções tem, vamos ver se vão em frente defendendo os interesses da nossa classe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Para mais informações, acesse &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cfee.eng.br/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.cfee.eng.br/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/3123231697076360893/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/02/novo-conselho-federal-de-engenharia.html#comment-form' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/3123231697076360893'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/3123231697076360893'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/02/novo-conselho-federal-de-engenharia.html' title='NOVO - Conselho Federal de Engenharia Elétrica (CFEE)'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-3331819192095200051</id><published>2012-01-09T14:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:04:02.467-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>Medições de continuidade em SPDA ReBar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ensaios de medição são fundamentais para se comprovar a eficácia de Sistemas de Proteção contra Descargas Atmosféricas (SPDA) estruturais, garantindo assim a continuidade elétrica em pilares, vigas e lajes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A ideia de se utilizar a ferragem do concreto armado com a finalidade de condução e dispersão para corrente de raios em descidas foi consequência do uso dessas mesmas estruturas metálicas em sistemas de aterramentos. Historicamente, a primeira utilização conhecida das ferragens do concreto armado para fins de aterramento data da Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando o engenheiro Herb Ufer idealizou um sistema para depósitos de bombas de uma base aérea, com o objetivo de protegê-los contra descargas atmosféricas e eletricidade estática. Após anos, Ufer inspecionou novamente as instalações e chegou à conclusão de que eletrodos de aterramento utilizando armaduras de concreto resultavam em uma resistência de aterramento mais robusta e ainda com menor valor quando comparados às resistências compostas por somente hastes, especialmente em regiões de solos com valores relativamente altos de resistividade. Por causa dessa descoberta, o uso de armaduras e/ou cabos e hastes inseridos nas fundações é também conhecido por &lt;i&gt;aterramento ufer&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como a experiência mostrou que os resultados estavam de acordo com o esperado, passou-se então a também utilizar a ferragem estrutural como subsistema de descida. No Brasil, a utilização do SPDA estrutural é orientada pela norma ABNT NBR 5419 desde 1993, sendo que, em outros países, a normalização já vem sendo utilizada há décadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De acordo com a última revisão da ABNT NBR 5419, de 2005, existem duas opções para esse sistema. A primeira consiste em simplesmente usar as ferragens do concreto armado como descidas naturais, desde que garantida a continuidade elétrica da ferragem dos pilares, verticalmente. A segunda opção, à qual a norma dedica um anexo específico para sua descrição e exigências, faz uso de uma barra de aço galvanizada a fogo adicional às ferragens existentes. Essa barra tem a suposta função específica de garantir a continuidade desde o solo até o topo do prédio. A utilização dessa barra adicional, comercialmente conhecida como &lt;i&gt;re-bar&lt;/i&gt; (do inglês &lt;i&gt;Reinforcing Bar&lt;/i&gt;), é defendida por profissionais que instalam SPDA com base na dificuldade do empreiteiro da obra civil em garantir a continuidade elétrica vertical das ferragens, já que não existe essa preocupação durante o processo da construção civil, uma vez que a continuidade elétrica não é necessária em termos estruturais. Também a adição de &lt;i&gt;re-bars&lt;/i&gt; às ferragens estruturais, conforme previsto no Anexo D da ABNT NBR 5419, tem o objetivo de concentrar nela a maior parcela da corrente da descarga, poupando as ferragens estruturais do fluxo desta corrente. Entretanto, ao se levar em conta um efeito eletromagnético conhecido como efeito pelicular, essa ideia parece ser pouco efetiva, visto que a corrente impulsiva da descarga tende a fluir pelas ferragens periféricas, que são justamente as estruturais da edificação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Independentemente da utilização ou não da barra adicional, a ABNT NBR 5419 exige que pelo menos 50% dos cruzamentos das barras da armadura, incluindo os estribos, estejam firmemente amarradas com arame de aço torcido. Além disso, as barras na região de trespasse deverão ter comprimento de sobreposição equivalente a vinte diâmetros, igualmente amarradas com arame de aço torcido ou soldadas, ou ainda interligadas por conexão mecânica adequada. Isso se aplica em armaduras de pilares, lajes e vigas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Essas amarrações deverão ser repetidas em todas as lajes, com todos os pilares que pertencem ao corpo do prédio. A execução desse procedimento não gera custos adicionais, pois os arames utilizados são aproveitados de sobras de outras ferragens e a execução demanda pouca mão de obra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em termos de aplicabilidade, além de seu óbvio uso com objetivo de se obter as devidas vantagens em construções novas, o uso de ferragem estrutural para descidas pode ser ainda feito em construções em concreto pré-moldado e em edificações já existentes, desde que observadas as devidas e as respectivas ressalvas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por sua vez, desde a edição de 2001, a ABNT NBR 5419 passou a contar com o Anexo E (normativo), que descreve metodologia de ensaio de armaduras para verificação da continuidade elétrica das ferragens de um edifício já construído, possibilitando assim o uso desta ferragem como parte integrante do sistema de proteção. Este ensaio, na edição de 2001, previa a verificação da continuidade utilizando uma máquina de solda, além de medições da impedância das ferragens entre alguns pontos da edificação com valores relativamente baixos de corrente, da ordem de 100 A, chegando a um mínimo de 1 A. A edição de 2005 trouxe como mudança neste anexo a retirada da máquina de solda para fazer testes de continuidade de estruturas de concreto armado, muito utilizado por profissionais, porém não adequado para esta medição. A partir deste momento passou-se a indicar a utilização de um microhmímetro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ainda assim, existem críticas severas ao Anexo E da norma. As principais referem-se ao fato de que, com os testes descritos nele, não é possível garantir as exigências da IEC 61024, na qual a própria ABNT NBR 5419 é baseada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O ensaio de continuidade das armaduras deve ser realizado com equipamento capaz de injetar corrente mínima de 1 A entre os pontos extremos da armadura (entre a parte superior e a parte inferior da estrutura, procedendo a diversas medições entre pontos diferentes), medindo simultaneamente esta corrente e a queda de tensão entre os dois pontos. A resistência resultante da divisão do valor de tensão pelo valor de corrente deve resultar em, segundo a ABNT NBR 5419, inferior a 1. A medição deve ser realizada utilizando a configuração de quatro fios, sendo dois para corrente e dois para potencial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em termos práticos, a realização desse ensaio de continuidade não é tarefa das mais simples, deixando de ser exigido em algumas situações. Por isso, com o intuito de contribuir com o tema, os autores apresentam neste trabalho dados referentes a um experimento realizado em obra de construção de um prédio habitacional em Blumenau (SC). Este trabalho está baseado em um trabalho mais amplo, apoiado pela Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). As experiências relatadas no presente trabalho podem contribuir para outras medições em diversos locais do País.&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Ensaio de continuidade elétrica em estrutura de concreto armado de um edifício em construção, conforme o “Anexo E” da ABNT NBR 5419:2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Com o intuito de verificar na prática como se constitui o sistema de SPDA Estrutural, realizou-se essa medição em visita a um prédio em construção que utiliza o referido sistema. O prédio em questão possui dois pavimentos de garagem e dez pavimentos, totalizando uma altura de 40 metros até o topo da caixa d’água. Para a realização da medição, por não se tratar do seu objetivo, não foram envolvidos todos os subsistemas que compõem o SPDA. Somente o subsistema de descida, que neste caso utiliza a ferragem estrutural como meio de condução da corrente de descargas atmosféricas da captação para o aterramento, permitido pela ABNT NBR 5419, foi analisado e ensaiado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A construtora responsável pela obra utiliza as ferragens estruturais como subsistema de descida há alguns anos por dois motivos principais: economia e ganho estético. Conforme verificado no local em outra ocasião e ilustrado nas Figuras 1, 2 e 3, a ferragem estrutural é conectada entre si por meio de solda elétrica. As soldas são realizadas no trespasse das ferragens horizontais de cada pavimento e das ferragens dos pilares, bem como com a malha de ferro da laje. As emendas entre barras horizontais também são realizadas via solda. Dessa forma, tem-se a garantia da continuidade elétrica e da equipotencialização da estrutura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;&lt;/stroke&gt;&lt;formulas&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;/formulas&gt;&lt;path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;&lt;/lock&gt;&lt;/shapetype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 1 - Solda entre a ferragem vertical na mudança de pavimento da prumada de coluna e a ferragem horizontal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKys6nkNEzF9wz2GSJFnplUq1S8_3Sx8_DJgCNzg4oLC9PG8NTlVXJwbmJpzSVN91wN9E6xvJ-ZO0qpsC63Klgiv2s4oL16a71frdFHl3kMjbYxAyum_baE6xClbvOOVlJWS1MG6c5bmwJ/s1600/fig+2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKys6nkNEzF9wz2GSJFnplUq1S8_3Sx8_DJgCNzg4oLC9PG8NTlVXJwbmJpzSVN91wN9E6xvJ-ZO0qpsC63Klgiv2s4oL16a71frdFHl3kMjbYxAyum_baE6xClbvOOVlJWS1MG6c5bmwJ/s320/fig+2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 2 - Emenda com solda da ferragem horizontal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACOPYKFuoTktQ9-4MGEREU9qun9DDFoxjh9l1fVGb-xaBytYZpyfLSemagw_rsIvKWv0gSsPZc2e-63O6j_QyB4n-dPM18Xw00liDOYQaZdDjVBJ13cl52-BPFDYNgKACotfrsvjG2zuM/s1600/fig+3.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACOPYKFuoTktQ9-4MGEREU9qun9DDFoxjh9l1fVGb-xaBytYZpyfLSemagw_rsIvKWv0gSsPZc2e-63O6j_QyB4n-dPM18Xw00liDOYQaZdDjVBJ13cl52-BPFDYNgKACotfrsvjG2zuM/s320/fig+3.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 3 - Solda entre ferragem vertical, horizontal e a malha de ferro da laje.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPTCnBcaDNmY6wv_B965Ryr1e6CW7uqA0eMn5M-c89gqm6-KHX9N3zJhHvin9KAY5TjlOxsJPEHa3SbDbVEHDBNiNBhPPNGkCkMZrFdp1by5mfjhQpOXv18Hzdjdr2eUYvfcDxQJW6wdpb/s1600/fig+4.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPTCnBcaDNmY6wv_B965Ryr1e6CW7uqA0eMn5M-c89gqm6-KHX9N3zJhHvin9KAY5TjlOxsJPEHa3SbDbVEHDBNiNBhPPNGkCkMZrFdp1by5mfjhQpOXv18Hzdjdr2eUYvfcDxQJW6wdpb/s320/fig+4.jpg&quot; width=&quot;228px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7YzN61llrGok_fjgq7NmIOTZkSaX8kNm1bCXK3G2c3rFDOOaxQZpxp24lqjv4dge1vFpZ4h5BaqlNIZXaViDy6unj9fBwNNFyXoAOh_7oCx2j_L2hZ3tg8gW5ZgBP33s47FmTTz5cC2L/s1600/fig+4+2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7YzN61llrGok_fjgq7NmIOTZkSaX8kNm1bCXK3G2c3rFDOOaxQZpxp24lqjv4dge1vFpZ4h5BaqlNIZXaViDy6unj9fBwNNFyXoAOh_7oCx2j_L2hZ3tg8gW5ZgBP33s47FmTTz5cC2L/s320/fig+4+2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figuras 4.a (superior) e 4.b (inferior) - Conexão com os cabos de cobre de cobertura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKuYNxMZauzWq59cq3hhx2tW_4wFmTTIqaRWth2fu9mclP9KX7PPLgSCU7LpyG1xvz3p-iS88ruxY-0_NYnSqUSDjVNE-msRNU4E81x9BWiyXzhv6rDoAuTsSFhQmv8pFt8Z0aPCkcCWD/s1600/fig+5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYKuYNxMZauzWq59cq3hhx2tW_4wFmTTIqaRWth2fu9mclP9KX7PPLgSCU7LpyG1xvz3p-iS88ruxY-0_NYnSqUSDjVNE-msRNU4E81x9BWiyXzhv6rDoAuTsSFhQmv8pFt8Z0aPCkcCWD/s320/fig+5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 5 - Cabo de cobre soldado à ferragem de uma coluna, não interligado à malha da terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja2PqCfu-Y0guJ4z0pGOR44uNk4_6MjGccMSiGFM0s7MTCmLqxjjkDxJcjYbLlSd7wcS6GSaffwTRIlq7Ab7vgTm3zmzJT9VPfnYJWjh0JeBJ5U0ZLcK-_yWLsEOS0M41RKpZf47AlAKhG/s1600/fig+6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;239px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja2PqCfu-Y0guJ4z0pGOR44uNk4_6MjGccMSiGFM0s7MTCmLqxjjkDxJcjYbLlSd7wcS6GSaffwTRIlq7Ab7vgTm3zmzJT9VPfnYJWjh0JeBJ5U0ZLcK-_yWLsEOS0M41RKpZf47AlAKhG/s320/fig+6.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 6 - Cabo conectado a uma haste dentro de uma caixa de inspeção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOQvLD3rbUMPY-EtN4wwkLnGTKWN73QB-W27gXE2bbA9Las5OgdQYiTtR2JT6dkutAUiu_XL_LJnrwga2OU4qC9QPkFuoY-6E3YSwgBtp7X6R7kfjJBxrfQsRetici2uTpo-hey8xVDW-e/s1600/fig+7.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOQvLD3rbUMPY-EtN4wwkLnGTKWN73QB-W27gXE2bbA9Las5OgdQYiTtR2JT6dkutAUiu_XL_LJnrwga2OU4qC9QPkFuoY-6E3YSwgBtp7X6R7kfjJBxrfQsRetici2uTpo-hey8xVDW-e/s320/fig+7.jpg&quot; width=&quot;275px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 7 - identificação dos pontos de conexão na cobertura: (1) fachada principal, (2) fachada oposta, (3) e (4) sobre a caixa d&#39;água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1k-PaEIH09Ozacg3hGJRpLo8Gg8F_PKxiIJsDt078DxvBvizfOlAELNvAyEdO-ZHhbG3LcYN49izzm1xqvUFsD6n0iN_27wvWOWUcgBRwReM4ZNwBJwoW5B1kd2W3prYOlePNHRjxAlai/s1600/fig+8.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320px&quot; rea=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1k-PaEIH09Ozacg3hGJRpLo8Gg8F_PKxiIJsDt078DxvBvizfOlAELNvAyEdO-ZHhbG3LcYN49izzm1xqvUFsD6n0iN_27wvWOWUcgBRwReM4ZNwBJwoW5B1kd2W3prYOlePNHRjxAlai/s320/fig+8.jpg&quot; width=&quot;222px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 8 - Equipamentos utilizados. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;&lt;/stroke&gt;&lt;formulas&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/f&gt;&lt;/formulas&gt;&lt;path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;&lt;/lock&gt;&lt;/shapetype&gt;&lt;shape alt=&quot;Descrição: http://www.osetoreletrico.com.br/web/images/stories/Edicao61_fev2011/ed61_aula_pratica_figura1.jpg&quot; id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_8&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1032&quot; style=&quot;height: 225pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 300pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;imagedata o:title=&quot;ed61_aula_pratica_figura1&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\NOTELA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/imagedata&gt;&lt;/shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/3331819192095200051/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/01/medicoes-de-continuidade-eletrica-em.html#comment-form' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/3331819192095200051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/3331819192095200051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/01/medicoes-de-continuidade-eletrica-em.html' title='Medições de continuidade em SPDA ReBar'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMpffvegE98ma13qzXgG-2bmQf5hP2eq2-bedlX5yWhJiZysiu9SKIO22WYA6Sq4gGaOuDL8dtBgZesCsTYP8fXHHGTckFpG54264Mkvb-ztqH_5hGRBeiOAUeqVemZAYz318kcmMI1R0O/s72-c/fig.+1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-7154157917072020092</id><published>2012-01-09T14:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T16:55:18.419-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A eterna polêmica sobre eletrodo de aterramento: “junta, separa...”</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não é por acaso que “aterramento elétrico” é um tema recorrente. Há alguns dias,um colega me perguntou sobre o caso dizendo que teve uma discussão com um engenheiro sobre o fato de separação dos eletrodos de aterramento das instalações de energia, de sinal e do Sistema de Proteção contra Descargas Atmosféricas (SPDA), em uma mesma edificação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Seja por exigência absurda de um fabricante que alega não dar garantia ao equipamento fornecido se ele não possuir o &lt;i&gt;seu eletrodo exclusivo, com “x” Ohms de resistência elétrica, seja&lt;/i&gt; por falta de acesso à informação, a ideia de que eletrodo de aterramento deve ser único para a edificação e servir a todas as instalações elétricas (energia, sinal e SPDA) existentes continua obscura perante grande parte da comunidade técnica nacional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O problema é tão contundente e mal interpretado que basta surgir algum evento que movimente a mídia, ainda que sem relação direta com o assunto, para começarem as especulações. Com relação ao padrão brasileiro de tomadas que consta da ABNT NBR 14136:2002 (versão corrigida em 2008) – Plugues e tomadas para uso doméstico e análogo até 20 A/250 V em corrente alternada – Padronização, cheguei a ouvir o seguinte disparate: “Está vendo? Agora é obrigatório ter um aterramento exclusivo para cada tomada”, como se todos os formatos existentes até hoje que já possuíssem três pinos tivessem nesse terceiro pino um objeto de adorno ou um “pino guia” para facilitar o encaixe dos demais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Eletrodo de aterramento é, por definição, uma parte da instalação elétrica que fica enterrada e, portanto, não tem influência direta no terceiro pino da tomada, seja qual for o padrão utilizado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As normas ABNT NBR 5410:2004, versão corrigida em 2008, a ABNT NBR 5419:2005, atualmente em revisão, a ABNT NBR 14039:2005 e a ABNT NBR 15751:2009 definem os termos eletrodo de aterramento, sistema de aterramento, condutor de proteção (PE), condutor e barramento de equipotencialização, bem como a forma correta de suas aplicações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Conhecendo as informações contidas nessas normas, consideremos como exemplo um eletrodo de aterramento de um prédio comercial de 15 andares, com 20 m de largura e 50 m de comprimento. Se o eletrodo de aterramento projetado for constituído por um condutor de cobre, este deve seguir as seguintes condições mínimas:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ter seção transversal igual a 50 mm²; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;circundar toda a edificação na forma de um anel fechado, preferencialmente se distanciado da mesma de 1 m a 1,5 m;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;estar enterrado, no mínimo, a 0,5 m de profundidade;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A este eletrodo devem estar convenientemente conectados todos os componentes das instalações elétricas (energia, voz, dados, TV, etc.), os elementos metálicos que adentrem o prédio (blindagens, tubos metálicos, etc.) e as descidas do SPDA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O segredo não está na separação dos eletrodos para o aterramento de cada componente, mas na forma como todos os componentes devem ser conectados a esse eletrodo único. O ponto principal de conexão deve ser, em primeira instância, o Barramento de Equipotencialização Principal (BEP), ou as demais denominações dadas a essa peça, cuja correta forma de localização e utilização pode ser encontrada nas normas já citadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dessa maneira, podemos afirmar que é tão absurda a separação do eletrodo de aterramento em uma mesma edificação quanto a interligação direta entre a armadura estrutural do pilar e o terceiro pino da tomada de energia, por exemplo, no décimo andar do edifício. Afinal, acredita-se que ninguém em sã consciência queira seu equipamento energizado com correntes impulsivas quando ocorrer uma descarga atmosférica, correto? A maior certeza nisso tudo é que, de formas diferentes, acontecerá exatamente isso nos dois casos! O maior risco é o da desinformação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/7154157917072020092/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/01/eterna-polemica-sobre-eletrodo-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7154157917072020092'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7154157917072020092'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2012/01/eterna-polemica-sobre-eletrodo-de.html' title='A eterna polêmica sobre eletrodo de aterramento: “junta, separa...”'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-7626592930297913036</id><published>2011-12-18T22:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:08:26.945-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sugestões que te quero bem...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se você tem alguma sugestao de post, matéria ou artigo, manda ver!!!! Pois como eu disse no primeiro Post desse blog, a ideia e a aspiração é minha, mas espero que seja coletiva!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ah, e não se preocupe, eu posto aqui com &lt;i&gt;honoris causa, &lt;/i&gt;ou seja &lt;i&gt;by fulano de tal!!!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Um abraço&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lanes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ERIT QUAESTIO SCIENTIUM NOSTRUM EST!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sua dúvida será nosso conhecimento!!!!! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/7626592930297913036/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/sugestoes-que-te-quero-bem.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7626592930297913036'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7626592930297913036'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/sugestoes-que-te-quero-bem.html' title='Sugestões que te quero bem...'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-5364167830661776384</id><published>2011-12-18T05:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:06:21.026-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ARTIGOS TÉCNICOS"/><title type='text'>A inimiga n°1 dos projetistas de eletricidade: correntes harmônicas!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quando as harmônicas não constituíam a dor de cabeça &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que hoje representam, tudo era mais simples; no projeto de circuitos trifásicos, em especial, havia uma certa tranquilidade em&amp;nbsp; assumi-los equilibrados ou, de qualquer forma, supor que o neutro não seria percorrido por correntes de desequilíbrio altas o suficiente para nos impedir de usar a regra aceita em norma- seção do neutro igual a metade da seção fase. Transformadores fornecendo aparentemente cargas médias estão superaquecendo.Condutores neutros em circuitos balanceados estão superaquecendo por cargas excessivas. Interruptores de circuito estão disparando sem causa aparente. Ainda assim,a resolução de problemas mostra que tudo está normal. Então, qual problema? Em uma palavra - &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;harmônicos&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;om uso ca&lt;/span&gt;da vez mais generalizado de equipamentos eletrônicos, e neles os elementos retificadores ( diodos, tiristores, triacs e diacs), o coisa&amp;nbsp;é outra...&lt;br /&gt;
Aquela senóide bonitinha, perfeitinha que você aprendeu lá no curso já está totalmente mudada, totalmente louca!!!&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Na verdade, não é&amp;nbsp; uma corrente ou tensão, são várias, e mudam o contorno da onda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Vamos lá...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;O q&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ue são harmônicos?!?!?!?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Harmônicos são correntes ou tensões com frequências múltiplas da frequência de energia fundamental. Por exemplo, se a frequência fundamental é 60 Hz, então a segunda harmônica é 120 Hz, a terceira é 180 Hz etc. Harmônicos são criados por cargas não lineares que extraem pulsos abruptamente ao invés da maneira senoidal estável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estes pulsos causam aspectos de onda de corrente distorcidos que, por sua vez, geram correntes de harmônicos para fluir de volta em outras partes do sistema de energia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFT7SVDZD7MG3nUoUOJ5qfQWhuhIuZKLLU32ju1uvZdlsM0ChzhQM8qMmhk0Y_CDQ5PwH99gdVTMy03jGO-xjUoWC6NClgCZLH5FHfVWmmhn8sAhJN1Ke73T_DuwS1OJ9NKsAPV7-o3UK/s1600/senoidal_fundamental_e_irregular.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;137&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFT7SVDZD7MG3nUoUOJ5qfQWhuhIuZKLLU32ju1uvZdlsM0ChzhQM8qMmhk0Y_CDQ5PwH99gdVTMy03jGO-xjUoWC6NClgCZLH5FHfVWmmhn8sAhJN1Ke73T_DuwS1OJ9NKsAPV7-o3UK/s400/senoidal_fundamental_e_irregular.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Senoide fundamental e irregular (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;fonte: ew7.com.br)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width=&quot;261.25775&quot; style=&quot;left: 686.626px; top: 827.33px; transform: scaleX(0.856583);&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Este fenômeno é especialmente predominante em equipamentos que possuem fontes de energia de entrada de capacitor-diodo, por exemplo,PCs, impressoras e equipamentos de teste médico. O que ocorre eletricamente? A tensão AC de entrada possui um diodo retificador e é usada, então, para carregar um capacitor grande. Depois de poucos ciclos,  o capacitor é carregado para a tensão de pico da onda senoidal (por exemplo, 170V para uma linha ac de 120V). Então, o equipamento eletrônico extrai corrente a partir desta alta tensão DC para alimentar o resto do circuito. O equipamento pode extrair a corrente abaixo de um limite menor regulado. Geralmente, antes de atingir tal limite, o capacitor é recarregado para o pico no próximo semi-ciclo da onda senoidal. Este processo é repetido várias vezes. Basicamente, o capacitor extrai um pulso de corrente&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;somente durante o pico da onda. Durante o resto da onda, quando a tensão está abaixo do restante do capacitor, o capacitor não extrai corrente. As fontes de energia encontradas no diodo/capacitor em equipamentos de escritório são tipicamente cargas monofásicas não lineares. Em fábricas industriais as causas mais comuns de correntes  de harmônicos são cargas trifásicas não lineares que incluem controladores de motores eletrônicos(inversores e Soft-starters) e fontes de energia ininterruptas (UPS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6KrK20m9sTOzNOhx3Kq9gJMWOjtSPwlIx3hVBP4HP73rZ6vkqPNjBs9_ZXbGaVc6nZS7ZRGKfst8w3Z3qbgYJUY9LZXuMVFD8Wco0bu-IAp8yvfl71kiI_PWFII0z70LG3tzO-17dY19/s1600/retifica%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_meia_onda_onda_completa.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6KrK20m9sTOzNOhx3Kq9gJMWOjtSPwlIx3hVBP4HP73rZ6vkqPNjBs9_ZXbGaVc6nZS7ZRGKfst8w3Z3qbgYJUY9LZXuMVFD8Wco0bu-IAp8yvfl71kiI_PWFII0z70LG3tzO-17dY19/s400/retifica%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_meia_onda_onda_completa.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;A diferença entre retificadores, como descreve a figura acima, é o tempo de flutuação da crista da senóide, influenciando mais na formação de tensões e correntes harmônicas, na retificação de meia onda.(&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;fonte: eletrônica 24h)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Classificação de harmônicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Cada harmônico possui um nome, frequência e sequência. A sequência refere-se à rotação fásica com respeito ao fundamental (F). Por exemplo, num motor de indução, um harmônico de sequência positiva gera um campo magnético que gira na mesma direção do fundamental. Um harmônico de sequência negativa gira na direção oposta. Os primeiros nove harmônicos junto com seus efeitos estão listados abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup span=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#33FF99&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ORDEM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;2ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;3ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;4ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;5ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;6ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;7ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;8ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;9ª&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#33FF99&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Frequência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;180&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;540&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#33FF99&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sequência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#66CCFF&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF3333&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;style type=&quot;text/css&quot;&gt;
  body,div,table,thead,tbody,tfoot,tr,th,td,p { font-family:&quot;Liberation Sans&quot;; font-size:x-small }
  a.comment-indicator:hover + comment { background:#ffd; position:absolute; display:block; border:1px solid black; padding:0.5em;  } 
  a.comment-indicator { background:red; display:inline-block; border:1px solid black; width:0.5em; height:0.5em;  } 
  comment { display:none;  } 
 &lt;/style&gt;
 



&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup span=&quot;10&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#999999&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;SEQUÊNCIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#999999&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;ROTAÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#999999&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;EFEITO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Positiva (+)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Adiante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aquecimento de Condutores, Dispositivos de seccionamento e proteção, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Negativa(-)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Reversa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aquecimento acima citado, além de problemas na rotação de motores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nenhuma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: 1px solid #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aquecimento acima citado, com agravamento no neutro em sistemas trifásicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A medida que vai aumentando, temos que Freq(Har)=n.60, onde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Freq(Har) é o valor de frequência da onda harmônica;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;n é a&amp;nbsp; ordem da harmônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;60 é o valor da harmônica fundamental(60 Hz)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Efeitos dos Harmônicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Barra de Neutro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Barras de ligação neutras e suportes de conexão são dimensionados para transmitir o&lt;br /&gt;valor
 completo da corrente de fase classificada. Eles podem tornar-se 
sobrecarregados quando neutros são sobrecarregados com a soma adicional 
de harmônicos triplen (ordens harmônicas múltiplas de 3: 3ª, 6ª, 9ª...).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- Painéis Elétricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Harmônicos em painéis elétricos podem emitir um tom forte. Painéis designados para transmitir correntes de 60 Hz podem tornar-se mecanicamente ressonantes aos campos magnéticos gerados pelas correntes harmônicas de alta frequência. Quando isto ocorre, o painel vibra e emite um zumbido idêntico das frequências harmônicas, enfraquecendo mecanicamente conexões elétricas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;- Transformado&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Prédios comerciais geralmente possuem um transformador de 220/127 V numa configuração delta-y. Estes transformadores geralmente alimentam receptáculos num prédio comercial. Cargas monofásicas não-lineares conectadas aos&lt;br /&gt;receptáculos produzem harmônicos triplen que adicionam-se ao&lt;br /&gt;neutro. Quando esta corrente neutra alcança o transformador, é&lt;br /&gt;refletida no circuito primário delta, onde causa superaquecimento e falhas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- Geradores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Geradores de prontidão estão sujeitos ao mesmo tipo de problema de superaquecimento que os transformadores. Por fornecerem reserva emergencial&lt;br /&gt;para cargas geradoras de harmônicos (como equipamentos&lt;br /&gt;de processamento de dados), frequentemente são ainda mais vulneráveis. Além do superaquecimento, certos tipos de harmônicos produzem distorção&lt;br /&gt;no cruzamento de zero da forma de onda da corrente, que causa interferência e instabilidade para os circuitos de controle dos geradores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Á Procura de harmônicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Eis um modo simples de determinar a extensão de distorção harmônica causada por circuitos de entrada de carga linear monofásica:&lt;br /&gt;Faça duas medições de corrente&lt;br /&gt;separadas:&lt;br /&gt;1. Utilizando um alicate de corrente ou&lt;br /&gt;multímetro de resposta média com alicate&lt;br /&gt;conectado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhratTCczCDhB4SzbBLOOgC-68SSt0VzlMPR42hqfv9uCLFSxbe8DnYfuvBYczjnxF3bu8IYbjtUjkxUQi6pr_TdQf4Np97OJ1fjn2ImTPbeH8Bh8aQJhJaZPQaLf_eRpbm6C0C7RNowuh7/s1600/alicate_amperimetro_digital_minipa_et3200--11451_2000_001.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhratTCczCDhB4SzbBLOOgC-68SSt0VzlMPR42hqfv9uCLFSxbe8DnYfuvBYczjnxF3bu8IYbjtUjkxUQi6pr_TdQf4Np97OJ1fjn2ImTPbeH8Bh8aQJhJaZPQaLf_eRpbm6C0C7RNowuh7/s200/alicate_amperimetro_digital_minipa_et3200--11451_2000_001.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Utilizando alicates de medição true-&lt;br /&gt;rms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgch0n9K8D-yTeBY-Jdfp6aw7a76TjN00mFb1VtXr6Sc6zDGaspP80LSQvv09W5BWJLp6NdnqtWoApiKQ9zLnIEK-BV-nQRYp9lTxHCje440c4HmyCl9p5VEspvo_lMOuhuL8eQuDTyhHdt/s1600/SGRD_606_001_ET3880trms.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgch0n9K8D-yTeBY-Jdfp6aw7a76TjN00mFb1VtXr6Sc6zDGaspP80LSQvv09W5BWJLp6NdnqtWoApiKQ9zLnIEK-BV-nQRYp9lTxHCje440c4HmyCl9p5VEspvo_lMOuhuL8eQuDTyhHdt/s200/SGRD_606_001_ET3880trms.jpg&quot; width=&quot;73&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Divida os resultados da primeira medição pela segunda medição. Isto lhe dá a razão A/R. Uma razão de 1,0 indicaria pouca ou nenhuma distorção harmônica.&lt;br /&gt;Uma razão de 0,50 indicaria distorção harmônica substancial. O método de&lt;br /&gt;razão A/R não substitui o analisador de harmônico, mas é um modo prático e&lt;br /&gt;simples de determinar se há algum problema em circuitos ramificados&lt;br /&gt;monofásicos. Uma vez sabendo da existência de harmônicos, você pode&lt;br /&gt;utilizar um analizador de energia para avaliar e quantificar os harmônicos presentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Resolvendo o problema&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A seguir algumas sugestões de como lidar com alguns problemas&lt;br /&gt;típicos de harmônicos. Antes de realizar quaisquer destas medições, você deve chamar um especialista em qualidade de energia para analisar o problema e&lt;br /&gt;projetar um plano sob medida para sua situação específica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
- Em Neutros sobrecarregados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Num sistema trifásico de 4 fios, a porção de 60 Hz da corrente de neutro pode ser minimizada balanceando-se as cargas em cada fase. A corrente de neutro harmônico triplen pode ser reduzida adicionando-se&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.br/search?q=filtros+de+harmonicos&amp;amp;client=ubuntu&amp;amp;hs=pup&amp;amp;channel=fs&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwj-2Nf_9OTRAhXHj5AKHZiDCX4Q_AUICCgB&amp;amp;biw=1215&amp;amp;bih=899#imgdii=meTBTj5fXws4_M%3A%3BmeTBTj5fXws4_M%3A%3BtxCelDaSK3k1bM%3A&amp;amp;imgrc=meTBTj5fXws4_M%3A&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; filtros harmônicos&lt;/a&gt; na carga. Se nenhuma destas soluções forem úteis, você pode instalar neutros extra – preferencialmente um neutro para cada fase - ou instalar um neutro grande compartilhado por três condutores de fase. Em construções modernas, fios sob carpetes e fios de divisões modulares de escritório devem ser marcados com neutros individuais e o chão isolado possivelmente separado da terra.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span div=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: inherit;&quot;&gt;- Reduzindo transformadores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Um modo de proteger um transformador de harmônicos é limitar a quantidade de carga colocada nele. Isto é chamado “reduzir” o transformador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O método de redução mais rigoroso é descrito no padrão ANSI/IEEE C57.110-1986. Este método é, de certa forma, pouco prático, pois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;requer extensa consulta de dados junto ao fabricante do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;transformador, além de um espectro harmônico completo da corrente de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;carga. A Computer &amp;amp; Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), recomendou recentemente um segundo método que envolve diversas medições que você pode obter com equipamentos de teste comumente disponíveis. Ele&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;aparece para dar resultados razoáveis para transformadores de receptáculos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;de 208/120 Y que fornecem harmônicos ímpares de baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;frequência (3o, 5o, 7o) normalmente gerados por computadores e máquinas de escritório operando a partir de circuitos ramificados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;monofásicos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O equipamento de teste que você usa deve ser capaz de obter tanto a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;corrente de fase true-rms quanto a corrente de fase de pico instantâneo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;para cada fase do secundário.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para quem quiser se aprofundar um pouco mais, vou por aqui um link de um manual em PDF da Schneider Eletric sobre qualidade de energia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/office/jEqOGFI7ba/Guia_de_qualidade_de_energia.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Guia de Qualidade de energia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;short_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;la&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;Erit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;quaestio&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;scientiam nostram!!!! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;short_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;la&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (Sua dúvida será nosso conhecimento!!!!) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/5364167830661776384/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/a-inimiga-n1-dos-projetistas-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5364167830661776384'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/5364167830661776384'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/a-inimiga-n1-dos-projetistas-de.html' title='A inimiga n°1 dos projetistas de eletricidade: correntes harmônicas!'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFT7SVDZD7MG3nUoUOJ5qfQWhuhIuZKLLU32ju1uvZdlsM0ChzhQM8qMmhk0Y_CDQ5PwH99gdVTMy03jGO-xjUoWC6NClgCZLH5FHfVWmmhn8sAhJN1Ke73T_DuwS1OJ9NKsAPV7-o3UK/s72-c/senoidal_fundamental_e_irregular.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-7899456885621874749</id><published>2011-12-17T14:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-03T17:05:55.261-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="UTILIDADE PÚBLICA"/><title type='text'>Censo CONFEA/CREA 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
Atenção Profissionais portadores de registro (CREA):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Termina dia 31/12 o prazo do censo 2011 de Profissionais de Engenharia no Brasil. Destinado a todos os profissionais registrados no sistema Crea/Confea - de nível superior, tecnológico e técnico-, o Censo tem por objetivo conhecer a realidade&amp;nbsp; como profissional da área tenológica para, assim, possibilitar a elaboração de politicas de valorização profissional.&lt;br /&gt;
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Mais informações e Censo em&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.confea.org.br/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.confea.org.br/&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/7899456885621874749/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/censo-confeacrea-2011.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7899456885621874749'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/7899456885621874749'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/censo-confeacrea-2011.html' title='Censo CONFEA/CREA 2011'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3402954767018904084.post-8645460086600395458</id><published>2011-12-06T10:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-06T10:55:15.761-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Let&#39;s get started...</title><content type='html'>Ola Pessoal!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Começo hoje este blog, cheio de aspiraçoes, anseios, etc... Mas com o tempo (espero) se tornem coletivas, e em ação concreta, pois criei este blog para compartilhar informação a todos os profissionais, estudantes e entusiastas desta área tão vasta, que&amp;nbsp;é a eletrotécnica!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;SEJAM BEM VINDOS!!!!!&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/feeds/8645460086600395458/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/lets-get-started.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/8645460086600395458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3402954767018904084/posts/default/8645460086600395458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://universoeletrotecnica.blogspot.com/2011/12/lets-get-started.html' title='Let&#39;s get started...'/><author><name>Edmilson</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01022876377151936543</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>