<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137</id><updated>2024-09-21T21:54:40.227-03:00</updated><category term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category term="Hipertensão Portal"/><category term="Gradiente de Pressão Venosa Hepática"/><category term="Fluxo de Ázigos"/><category term="Hipertensão Portal Idiopática Não Cirrótica"/><category term="Sinvastatina"/><category term="TIPS"/><category term="TVP"/><category term="Trombose da veia porta"/><title type='text'>Portal Hepático</title><subtitle type='html'>Por Dr. Gilberto Silva Junior&#xa;-&#xa;Médico-Gastroenterologista&#xa;-&#xa;CRM(RJ):52-82031.8 / RQE: 18984</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>6</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-4319192412599618219</id><published>2016-01-15T13:59:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2016-01-15T14:04:43.119-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal Idiopática Não Cirrótica"/><title type='text'>Hipertensão Portal Idiopática Não Cirrótica</title><content type='html'>Por Gilberto Silva-Junior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A hipertensão portal idiopática não cirrótica é uma causa rara de hipertensão portal. Sua etiologia é incerta. Para seu diagnóstico, além da presença de sinais/sintomas de hipertensão portal com o sistema venoso portal permeável, deve-se excluir outras causas de doenças hepáticas.&lt;br /&gt;
Abaixo o &lt;i&gt;link&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;para um artigo de revisão sobre o tema. O artigo aborda aspectos etiopatogênicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos. &amp;nbsp;O artigo de revisão foi publicado em 2015 na &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-gastroenterologia-hepatologia-14&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Gastroenterología y Hepatología&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0210570515001739&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Turon F, Silva-Junior G, Hernandez-Gea V, Garcia-Pagan JC. Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Gastroenterol. y Hepatol.2015;38:556–62&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/4319192412599618219/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2016/01/non-cirrhotic-idiopathic-portal.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/4319192412599618219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/4319192412599618219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2016/01/non-cirrhotic-idiopathic-portal.html' title='Hipertensão Portal Idiopática Não Cirrótica'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-1034760379290009138</id><published>2015-12-16T09:32:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2015-12-16T09:32:19.750-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trombose da veia porta"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TVP"/><title type='text'>Anticoagulação nos pacientes com cirrose e trombose da veia porta (TVP)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Por Dr. Carlos Noronha Ferreira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A anticoagulação em pacientes com cirrose e trombose da veia porta (TVP) aumenta a taxa de recanalização da veia porta e &amp;nbsp;previne a extensão de trombose. (1)(2).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Três categorias de doentes com cirrose poderão beneficiar de terapêutica anticoagulante:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Candidatos para transplante hepático&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A trombose da veia porta na altura de transplante hepático associa-se a maior necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas e um significativo aumento de complicações no pós-operatório. (3). No entanto, apenas doentes com TVP ocupando &amp;gt; 50% do lumen da veia porta tiveram aumento da mortalidade a longo prazo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A anticoagulação é administrada nos doentes com cirrose e TVP com intuito de obter pelo menos uma recanalização parcial antes do transplante hepático permitindo assim uma anastomose convencional da veía porta ao enxerto hepático e fluxo sanguíneo adequado(4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Trombofilia genética e adquirida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A TVP é mais frequente na cirrose avançada (5) e é multi-factorial devido a um ajuste no equilíbrio no sistema de coagulação com aumento dos níveis de factor VIII e redução dos níveis de proteína C. (6).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Trombose da veia mesenterica superior (VMS)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A mortalidade na trombose aguda da VMS varia entre 20 e 50% dependendo da idade, comorbilidades, altura do diagnóstico e intervenções cirúrgicas. Adicionalmente a trombose da VMS associa-se a uma elevada taxa de recorrência. &amp;nbsp;(7).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Avaliação antes de iniciar terapêutica anticoagulante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Os doentes deverão efectuar angio-TC para delinear a extensão de TVP e o grau de occlusão do lúmen(8) e também permite excluir carcinoma hepatocelular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Recomenda-se o rastreio endoscópico de manifestações de hipertensão portal e o início ou optimização de profilaxia de hemorragia con beta bloqueantes não selectivos ou laqueação elástica na presença de varizes esofágicas grandes e / ou varizes gástricas antes de iniciar terapêutica anticoagulante. (4)(9).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Baseado na evidência científica actual, (1)(2)(10)(4)(9)(11), sugerimos considerer iniciar anticoagulação nos seguintes pacientes:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;1) Trombose occlusiva e nao occlusiva da veia porta (envolvendo &amp;gt; 50% do lumen) do tronco e / ou ambos os ramos da veia porta em candidatos para transplante hepático. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;2) Trombose occlusiva / nao occlusiva da VMS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;3) Trombofilia genética ou adquirida em doentes com TVP occlusiva / não occlusiva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Terapêutica anticoagulante a equacionar consoante a gravidade de cirrose e comorbilidades:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Classe C de Child-Pugh &amp;nbsp;(Plaquetas &amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 50,000cel/µL) &amp;nbsp;ou insuficiencia renal crónica e trombocitopenia (Plaquetas &amp;gt;50,000cel/µL)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Enoxaparina 1mg/kg/dia s.c.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Tinzaparina 1.5mg/kg/dia s.c.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Classe A or B de Child-Pugh (Contagem de plaquetas &amp;gt; 50,000cel/ µL)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Enoxaparina 1mg/kg 12/12 hours s.c. nas primeiras 4 semanas e depois passar &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;a varfarina para manter o INR entre 2 e 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Duração de terapêutica anticoagulante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Equacionar anticoagulação por tempo indeterminado se o paciente está em lista para transplante hepático / se tem trombofilia genética ou adquirida / envolvimento da VMS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Pelo menos 6 meses nas restantes situações clínicas e na TVP idiopática.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Sugerimos não iniciar anticoagulação nas seguintes situações clínicas. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Trombose isolada e parcial do tronco (&amp;lt; 50 % do lúmen) ou de um dos ramos da veia porta ou da veia esplénica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;Repetir ecografia abdominal com doppler a cada 3 meses e equacionar iniciar anticoagulação se houver extensão de trombose.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Pacientes pertencendo a classe C de Child-Pugh que não estão em lista para transplante hepático (Individualizar decisões)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Pacientes com contraindicações para terapêutica anticoagulante.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Antecedentes de hemorragia intra-cranial / retroperitoenal&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Contagem de plaquetas &amp;lt; 50,000cel/µL&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;o&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Alcoolismo activo / elevado risco de queda / cumprimento irregular de terapêutica. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;A realização de um shunt porto-sistémico transjugular (TIPS) poderá estár indicado em doentes com progressão de trombose sob anticoagulação ou que desenvolvem complicações graves (Ex. Hemorragia intra-craniana / retro-peritoneal) sob anticoagulação. (4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Referências&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Francoz C, Belghiti J, Vilgrain V, Sommacale D, Paradis V, Condat B, et al. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in candidates for liver transplantation: usefulness of screening and anticoagulation. Gut. 2005;54:691–697.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;2. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Chen H, Liu L, Qi X, He C, Wu F, Fan D, et al. Efficacy and safety of anticoagulation on more advanced portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016;28:82 –89.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Yerdel MA, Gunson B, Mirza D, Karayalçin K, Olliff S, Buckels J, et al. Portal vein thrombosis in adults undergoing liver transplantation: risk factors, screening, management, and outcome. Transplantation. 2000;69:1873–1881.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;4. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Francoz C, Valla D, Durand F. Portal vein thrombosis, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. J. Hepatol. [Internet]. 2012;57:203–212.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;5. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Valla D. Splanchnic vein thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2015;41:494–502.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;6. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Tripodi A, Anstee QM, Sogaard KK, Primignani M, Valla DC. Hypercoagulability in cirrhosis: Causes and consequences. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2011;9:1713–1723.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;7. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Kumar S, Sarr MG KP. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1683–1688.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;8. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Buscarini E, Janssen HLA, Leebeek FWG, Plessier A, Rubbia-Brandt, Senzolo M, Schouten JNL, Tripodi A, Valla DC G-PJ. EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines: Vascular diseases of the liver. J. Hepatol. 2016 (In press)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;9. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Qi X, Han G, Fan D. Management of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. [Internet]. 2014;11:435–446.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;10. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Englesbe M, Schaubel D. Portal vein thrombosis and liver transplant survival benefit. … Transplant. 2010;16:999–1005.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18.4px;&quot;&gt;11. &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Rodriguez-Castro KI, Porte RJ, Nadal E, Germani G, Burra P, Senzolo M. Management of Nonneoplastic Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Transplantation. 2012;94:1145–1153.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/1034760379290009138/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/12/anticoagulacao-nos-pacientes-com.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/1034760379290009138'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/1034760379290009138'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/12/anticoagulacao-nos-pacientes-com.html' title='Anticoagulação nos pacientes com cirrose e trombose da veia porta (TVP)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-4682106513954458569</id><published>2015-09-02T07:00:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2015-09-09T14:59:12.332-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Fluxo de Ázigos"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Gradiente de Pressão Venosa Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sinvastatina"/><title type='text'>Simvastatin in Portal Hypertension</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Hoje, dou inicio a uma série de postagens com a colaboração de colegas que possuem projetos de pesquisa na área de hepatologia. A Dra. Priscila Pollo-Flores escreve um pequeno resumo de seu trabalho sobre o uso de sinvastatina na hipertensão portal, que recentemente foi publicado (&lt;i&gt;online&lt;/i&gt;) na revista &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dldjournalonline.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Digestive and Liver Diseases&lt;/a&gt;. Ao final do texto, você encontrará o &lt;i&gt;link&lt;/i&gt; para a publicaçcão na íntegra e poderá conhecer um pouco mais sobre a Dra. Priscila Pollo-Flores na página de colaboradores.&lt;/div&gt;
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Sinvastatina na Hipertensão Portal&lt;/h2&gt;
Por Dra. Priscila Pollo-Flores&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;A cirrose hepática apresenta como principal complicação a hipertensão porta. Na fisiopatologia da hipertensão porta, a resistência vascular intra-hepática aumentada exerce papel central. Existem dois componentes sendo o estático, determinado pela distorção do parênquima hepático causada pelos nódulos de regeneração, e o dinâmico, responsável por 30% do aumento da resistência vascular intra-hepática, relacionado à redução da disponibilidade de óxido nítrico intra-hepático. O aumento do tônus vascular por ação, sobretudo da endotelina 1, pode ser compensado pelo aumento de vasodilatadores. No entanto, o paciente cirrótico apresenta circulação sistêmica hiperdinâmica, com baixa resistência vascular periférica e vasodilatação. Desta forma, qualquer vasodilatador pode prejudicar e causar hipotensão e suas consequentes complicações no cirrótico como baixa perfusão renal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;As estatinas apresentam características de atuarem em locais de disfunção endotelial e, assim, seletivamente têm como alvo o meio intra-hepático aumentando o óxido nítrico através da fosforilação pós-translacional da proteína AKT na óxido nítrico sintase endotelial. Além disso, podem agir em outras vias como o aumento do fator nuclear translacional (Krupper-like 2), na sinalização Rho/RhoA quinase. Estudo realizado pelo grupo de Barcelona (Abraldes et al, 2009) demonstrou a redução da medida do GPVH após uso de 1 mês da sinvastatina.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;No intuito de estudar por um tempo mais prolongado e avaliar as principais colaterais na hipertensão porta (varizes esofagianas), conduzimos um estudo clínico, randomizado, triplo cego e placebo controlado por 3 meses &amp;nbsp;na Universidade Federal do Rio de janeiro (Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho), utilizando a sinvastatina na dose de 40 mg/dia e aferindo a resposta através da medida do gradiente de pressão venosa hepática (GPVH) e da ecoendoscopia com fluxo de ázigos. A medida do GPVH permite detectar e avaliar gravidade de hipertensão porta. A medida do fluxo de ázigos é uma medida indireta que permite inferir o fluxo sanguíneo nas varizes esofagianas, colaterais portossistêmcias mais temidas pelo risco de hemorragia digestiva alta. Em nosso estudo, 24 pacientes completaram o protocolo e observamos redução de forma significativa do GPVH em 55% dos pacientes. Além do mais, a presença de varizes de esôfago de alto risco e história de hemorragia digestiva alta prévia se correlacionaram com maior chance de resposta ao uso da sinvastatina. Nenhum paciente apresentou efeitos colaterais, como elevação de enzimas hepáticas ou piora da função hepática, demonstrando que o seu uso foi seguro na população do estudo. Finalmente, detectamos melhora significativa na classificação de Child-Pugh.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Referência:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.156&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Three months of simvastatin therapy vs. placebo for severe portal hypertension in cirrhosis: A randomized controlled trial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.156&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.156&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Pollo-Flores, Priscila et al.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.156&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Digestive and Liver Disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/4682106513954458569/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/09/simvastatin-in-portal-hypertension.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/4682106513954458569'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/4682106513954458569'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/09/simvastatin-in-portal-hypertension.html' title='Simvastatin in Portal Hypertension'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-8886648099757414689</id><published>2015-08-27T18:08:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2015-09-01T17:32:45.438-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Gradiente de Pressão Venosa Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal"/><title type='text'>HVPG - &quot;Hepatic venous pressure gradient&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;
Gradiente de Pressão Venosa Hepática (GPVH)&lt;/h2&gt;
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Por Gilberto Silva-Junior&lt;br /&gt;
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A medida do gradiente de pressão venosa hepática (GPVH), realizada através do cateterismo venoso hepático, é o método indireto de eleição para o diagnóstico de hipertensão portal. É muito utilizado em pesquisa clínica, principalmente, para determinar a atuação de fármacos nessa enfermidade.&lt;/div&gt;
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Quando disponível, possui grande aplicação na prática clínica devido ao seu importante valor prognóstico. Dessa forma, é imprescindível realizar a técnica de forma adequada e, assim, interpretar seus valores com a maior exatidão possível. Nos últimos anos, tive a oportunidade de trabalhar no laboratório clínico de hipertensão portal do Hospital Clínic de Barcelona e aprender a técnica.&lt;/div&gt;
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Recentemente, publicamos um estudo, no qual assino como primeiro autor, que trata da importância da técnica bem realizada. É um estudo retrospectivo que reafirma o papel prognóstico da medida do GPVH em pacientes cirróticos e compara dois pontos de referência para o cálculo do GPVH.&lt;/div&gt;
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O artigo está disponível online na página da revista &lt;a href=&quot;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291527-3350&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Hepatology&lt;/a&gt; e você pode acessá-lo clicando na referência abaixo.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hep.28031&quot; style=&quot;color: #888888; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Silva-Junior G, Baiges A, Turon F, TorresF, Hernández-Gea V, Bosch J, et al. The prognostic value of HVPG in patients with cirrhosis is highly dependent on the accuracy of the technique.Hepatology. 2015.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/8886648099757414689/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/hvpg-hepatic-venous-pressure-gradient.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/8886648099757414689'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/8886648099757414689'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/hvpg-hepatic-venous-pressure-gradient.html' title='HVPG - &quot;Hepatic venous pressure gradient&quot;'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-1712032713258052548</id><published>2015-08-19T08:35:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2015-08-27T18:04:20.428-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TIPS"/><title type='text'>TIPS - &quot;Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Por Gilberto Silva-Junior&lt;/div&gt;
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Hoje, o tópico é sobre um tipo de tratamento minimamente invasivo para hipertensão portal chamado TIPS. Ao final, deixo disponível&amp;nbsp;vídeo explicativo de como é realizado este procedimento pelo grupo do Laboratório de Hemodinâmica Hepática do Hospital Clínic de Barcelona.&lt;/div&gt;
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O que é TIPS?&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt &lt;/i&gt;(TIPS)&amp;nbsp;é o procedimento pelo qual se coloca uma prótese metálica, coberta ou não, por via transjugular, dessa forma, derivando o fluxo sanguíneo do sistema porta para a circulação sistêmica ao conectar a veia porta com a veia cava inferior. É um procedimento realizado com controle radiológico, podendo ter auxílio ultrassonográfico no momento da punção da veia porta, sob sedação profunda ou anestesia geral.&lt;/div&gt;
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Indicações&lt;/h3&gt;
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As indicações com maior evidência na literatura são a hemorragia refratária ou recorrente por varizes esofágicas e ascite refratária.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hemorragia refratária ou hemorragia recorrente de varizes esofágicas;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ascite refratária;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hemorragia de varizes esofágicas aguda;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Síndrome hepatorrenal tipo 1 e tipo 2;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sangramento por varizes gástricas refratário;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Gastropatia hipertensiva portal;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hidrotórax hepático;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Síndrome hepatopulmonar;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Síndrome de Budd-Chiari;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Doença veno-oclusiva hepática.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Contraindicações&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
As contraindicações podem ser relativas ou absolutas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Relativas:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Carcinoma hepatocelular;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Obstrução de todas as veias supra-hepáticas;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Trombose da veia porta;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hipertensão pulmonar moderada;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Coagulopatia grave (INR &amp;gt;5);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Trombocitopenia (níveis sérios de plaquetas menores que 20.000 cel/cm3);&lt;!--20--&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Encefalopatia hepática.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;!--20--&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Absolutas:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Profilaxia primária para hemorragia digestiva;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Regurgitação tricúspide grave;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hipertensão pulmonar grave;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Cistos hepáticos múltiplos;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sépsis ou infecção sistêmica não controlada;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Obstrução biliar.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Complicações&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
As complicações podem estar relacionadas à técnica de colocação da prótese, à derivação porto-sistêmica ou às complicações próprias da prótese.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Complicações relacionadas à técnica&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Do acesso:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Punção da capsula hepática;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hemoperitoneo;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Infarto hepático;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Fístula;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hemobilia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Da prótese:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Trombose;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Oclusão;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Migração da prótese;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sépsis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Complicações relacionadas à derivação porto-sistêmica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Encefalopatia hepática;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Alterações hemodinâmica;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Sépsis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;
Complicações próprias da prótese&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hemólise intravascular;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Endotipsite&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Referência:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1089326114000622&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Patidar KR, Sydnor M, Sanyal AJ. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Clin. Liver Dis. 2014;18:853–876.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Técnica&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Técnica para colocação de TIPS realizada pelo grupo de hipertensão portal do Laboratório de Hemodinâmica Hepática do Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Vídeo em espanhol).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Técnica para colocação de TIPS realizada pelo grupo de hipertensão portal do Laboratório de Hemodinâmica Hepática do Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Vídeo em inglês).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/1712032713258052548/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/tips-transjugular-intrahepatic.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/1712032713258052548'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/1712032713258052548'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/tips-transjugular-intrahepatic.html' title='TIPS - &quot;Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt&quot;'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/WsIvHybmeUY/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9218837992445438137.post-8861310714571258536</id><published>2015-08-12T17:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2015-08-19T08:36:42.036-03:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cirrose Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Gradiente de Pressão Venosa Hepática"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hipertensão Portal"/><title type='text'>Hipertensão Portal</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Por Gilberto Silva-Junior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aqui abordo alguns pontos básicos da hipertensão portal, focando na hipertensão portal sinusoidal causada pela cirrose hepática. Ao final do texto, a bibliografia com os &lt;i&gt;links&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;para as publicações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A síndrome de hipertensão
portal (HP) é definida como o aumento patológico da pressão dentro do sistema
venoso portal. É classificada como hipertensão portal pré-hepática,
intra-hepática e pós-hepática. A HP intra-hepática é subclassificada em
pré-sinusoidal, sinusoidal ou pós-sinusoidal. Sua principal causa é a
cirrose hepática (hipertensão portal sinusoidal). O paciente pode apresentar
uma fase pré-clínica, assintomática, antes de desenvolver sinais e sintomas
clínicos característicos desta síndrome.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Atualmente, a medida do gradiente de pressão venosa
hepática (GPVH), realizado através do cateterismo das veias supra-hepáticas, é
o método de eleição para o diagnóstico da HP, além de possuir valor
prognóstico. Por esse método minimamente invasivo, GPVH menor que 5mmHg é considerado normal, &amp;gt;5mmHg é diagnóstico de hipertensão portal sinusoidal &amp;nbsp;e &amp;gt;10mmHg é denominado hipertensão portal sinusoidal clinicamente significativa. Pacientes com hipertensão portal
pré-sinusoidal ou pós-sinusoidal costumam apresentar GPVH normal ou pouco
elevado. A expressão &quot;clinicamente significativa&quot; é utilizada para
definir o grupo de pacientes com maior risco de desenvolver complicações
derivadas da HP, como, principalmente, encefalopatia hepática, desenvolvimento
e rotura de varizes esófago-gástricas, ascite e carcinoma hepatocelular. Alterações laboratoriais,
radiológicas, endoscópicas e elastográficas podem sugerir a presença de HP,
como por exemplo níveis de plaquetas baixas, tamanho do baço aumentado e/ou
presença de varizes esófago-gástricas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O tratamento da HP
baseia-se na prevenção e no tratamento das complicações. Dependendo de cada
caso, a abordagem pode ser medicamentosa (como o uso de beta-bloqueadores não
seletivos), endoscópica local (uso de bandas elásticas ou esclerosantes em
varizes esófago-gástricas), minimamente invasiva (como a colocação de uma
prótese que deriva o fluxo sanguíneo portal para a circulação sistêmica),
cirúrgica (desvacularização, derivações porto-sistêmicas e etc) e, finalmente, &amp;nbsp;o transplante hepático. É importante ressaltar que
o tratamento da causa da doença hepática tem papel fundamental no tratamento da
HP. Dessa forma, pacientes com cirrose alcoólica devem ser estimulados a
deixarem a bebida alcoólica, os cirróticos por vírus da hepatite C devem ser
tratados, bem como aqueles com vírus da hepatite B e etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O prognóstico se relaciona
com o grau de HP e a situação clínica de cada paciente. Em pacientes com
cirrose hepática, GPVH &amp;gt;10mmHg está relacionado a um maior risco de
complicações pós ressecções de carcinoma hepatocelular, GPVH &amp;gt;12mmHg
aumenta o risco de hemorragia digestiva relacionada a HP, GPVH &amp;gt;16mmHg
com redução da sobrevida e GPVH &amp;gt;22mmHg com maior mortalidade nos
pacientes com hepatite alcoólica aguda grave. A redução do GPVH para níveis
menores que 12mmHg &amp;nbsp;reduz o risco de complicações.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nas futuras postagens,
abordarei cada ponto da hipertensão portal de forma mais detalhada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Bibliografia:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2009.149&quot; style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bosch J,Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Garcia-Pagan JC, García-Pagan JC. The clinical useof HVPG measurements in chronic liver disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2009;6:573–82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hep.28031&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Silva-Junior G, Baiges A, Turon F, TorresF, Hernández-Gea V, Bosch J, et al. The prognostic value of HVPG in patientswith cirrhosis is highly dependent on the accuracy of the technique.Hepatology. 2015;n/a–n/a.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e318150d0f4&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Ripoll C, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G,Bosch J, Grace N, Burroughs A, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient predictsdevelopment of hepatocellular carcinoma independently of severity of cirrhosis.J Hepatol. 2009;50:923–928.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681169&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G,Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradientpredicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Gastroenterology. 2007;133:481–8.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016508599704555/fulltext&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Moitinho E, Escorsell À, Bandi J,Salmerón J, García–Pagán J, Rodés J, et al. Prognostic value of earlymeasurements of portal pressure in acute variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology.1999;117:626–631.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.013&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;D’Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, BoschJ. Hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and prevention of variceal bleedingin cirrhosis: a systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1611–1624.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03258.x&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Rincon D, Lo Iacono O, Ripoll C,Gomez-Camarero J, Salcedo M, Catalina M V, et al. Prognostic value of hepaticvenous pressure gradient for in-hospital mortality of patients with severeacute alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:841–848.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncpgasthep1300&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Forner A, Bruix J. East meets theWest--portal pressure predicts outcome of surgical resection for hepatocellularcarcinoma. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009;6:14–5.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; text-indent: -32pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542356507002157&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -32pt;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Roberts S, Gordon A, McLean C, PedersenJ, Bowden S, Thomson K, et al. Effect of sustained viral response on hepaticvenous pressure gradient in hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Clin. Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2007;5:932–7.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/feeds/8861310714571258536/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/hipertensao-portal.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/8861310714571258536'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9218837992445438137/posts/default/8861310714571258536'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://portalhepatico.blogspot.com/2015/08/hipertensao-portal.html' title='Hipertensão Portal'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10055137036813141656</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>