• Significance
• Hymenoptera Identification
• Venom Characteristics
• Sting Reactions  &Pathophysiology
  • Inflammatory response (expected)
    • Pharmacology
  • Unexpected reactions
  • Hypersensitivity–anaphylaxis
    • Pharmacology
• Immunotherapy

1. Do NOT unwrap your hives until the weather is consistently warm. It’s tempting to unwrap but your bees will thank you for
   keeping their home warm.
2. Bee packages and NUC’S will begin arriving in Oregon in early April. Make sure you have everything ready to install your
   bees. New beekeepers may want to check in with their mentors with any questions or for tips and encouragement.
3. Keep feeding!!!
   a) Most hives that die from starvation perish just before the first nectar flow of the season.
   b) Your bees were busy raising brood in February and March. This activity burns through food stores very quickly.
   c) In April, the weather is often cold and wet and the bees will not be able to forage for food. Make sure you give your
   bees the best chance to build up strong. Since there are no supers on your hive yet, their intake of sugar syrup will
   not go into your honey product.
   d) If you determine that the colony doesn’t have adequate food stores, feed 1:1 sugar syrup and pollen patties; the
   presence of pollen will encourage the queen to lay. When it’s too cold for sugar syrup feed fondant. Lane County
   Beekeepers web site has excellent recipes (www.lcbaor.org) for winter feed.
   e) Once you start feeding, continue until the bees start bringing in nectar or the dandelions come out. Then, put on
   your supers and stop feeding.
   f) The bees will begin to collect nectar in the latter part of April from early flowering plants and trees like dandelion,
   maple and willow. Once you put on honey supers, feeding must stop or you’ll have sugar syrup mixed in with your
   honey. Not a good thing!
4. Hive openings should be clear so bees can get out for cleansing flights on warm days. Clear the entrance of dead bees.
   Remove the mouse guard/entrance reducer and scrape the dead bees away from the entrance with a stick or your hive
   tool. You don’t have to remove every single bee. Clearing the front entrance is good for hive ventilation.
5. On a warm day, inspect the hive for food stores and brood pattern. If you don’t see a solid brood pattern, consider
   replacing the queen with local survivor stock.
6. If you need to order package bees or a queen, check in with your bee supplier as soon as possible.
7. On a warm day, consider reversing the brood chambers but ONLY if doing so will not split the cluster. Splitting the cluster
   at this time of year could chill the (now two) clusters and be deadly for the colony. The single reason to reverse the brood
   boxes is to give the queen more room to lay – but again only if it will not split the cluster. To reverse the brood chambers,
   take the top brood box and put it on top of the bottom board and put the one that was on the bottom on top.
8. Clean out any dead outs you may have and store the frames so other bees, mice or other pests cannot get inside and rob
   it out. Frames from dead outs are a great boost for a package of bees.
9. Repair and paint woodenware before the season begins. Have honey supers ready to go before the hive needs it to
   prevent hive crowding that could trigger a swarm.
10. Educate yourself on the different mite treatment options (cultural, non-chemical and chemical) and know when and how to
    use them correctly. Order supplies to control mites ASAP. Don’t let mites get the best of you and your bees this year.
    Check out the Honey Bee Coalition Tools for Varroa Management and videos on how to control Varroa mites
    http://honeybeehealthcoalition.org/.
11. The PNW Honey Bee Survey is OPEN  https://pnwhoneybeesurvey.com  please take the survey. Survey is for
    any and all pub members who have overwintered colonies. The survey covers questions on
    survivorship/losses overwinter and managements for varroa mite control. It is electronic.

Gather & Blather location :

Paladins League

March 28th 11:00am to 12:30

4765 NE Fremont St, Portland, OR 97213

Mandy is a longtime beekeeper who maintains a number of different hives with an emphasis on bee health and nutrition. She is a former PUB President, podcaster, and owner of Bella Beek (beekeeping suits, veils, and supplies).

The Bee Cluster: The bees are in a compact cluster since the ambient temperature
dropped below 57F. As the temperature lowers to freezing the bees generate heat with
heads facing inward and consume a great amount of honey also give off a great amount
of water. The bees rotate positions and are active in the cluster center. Most of the
colony will be rearing brood and maintaining the brood-rearing temperature in the brood
area of 92F. This area must be dry, and an efficient ventilating or condensing hive must
be maintained to control moisture.

Hive Entrance: The hive entrance needs to be open as bees will take a short cleaning
flight to void fecal matter on a sunny calm day. Clear your hive entrance of blockages by
snow, ice, and or dead bees. Keep the entrance reducer and mouse guard installed.

Starvation: Bees will break the cluster for the worker bees to move into areas where to
resources that are stored. The bees will starve if they do not have access to the
resources or are too cold to break the cluster. You can get an idea of how much
resources the hive has stored by hefting the hive and comparing it to previous
monitoring. If you suspect or are in doubt, feed the bees with fondant, sugar patties, or
100% plain white granulated sugar and not organic or brown sugar. Make fondant and
or sugar patties with recipes from Lane County Beekeepers – https://www.lcbaor.org.
Checking for starvation or adding emergency feed can be done from the hive top.

Dead Bees: You might notice dead bees as well as brown spots of fecal matter in front
of the hive. This is typically not a concern. The bees may have frayed wings and hair
loss, which are indications of old age and desire to die outside the hive. Monitor the
bottom and landing board for excessive dead bees as the undertaker worker bees may
not be able to remove.

Varroa: Monitor the sampling board for dropped dead mites and consider multiple
applications of oxalic acid vapor following the guidelines of Honey Bee Health Coalition
Tools for Varroa Management.

Reflection and Preparation: This is the time to reflect on last year’s success and
failure and consider your 2025 bee year. Make a plan to control varroa mites and now is
the time to order cultural and miticides to have them on-hand. Take inventory of
wooden ware and frames and repair, paint, and replace as needed. If you anticipate
needing new bees place your order for NUCs and or packages, as later this spring they
often are unavailable.

Brian Fackler is a Cornell Master Beekeeper and Washington State Master Beekeeper, serving as the Secretary and Treasurer of the Portland Urban Beekeepers. He is an experienced apiarist with extensive beekeeping experience throughout the Portland metropolitan area and along the Oregon coast.

ScientificBeekeeping.com

Randy Oliver is a lifelong beekeeper, researcher, and educator with over five decades of experience in apiculture. After beginning as a hobbyist in 1966, he earned degrees in biological sciences with a specialization in entomology before establishing a large-scale migratory beekeeping operation in California, now managed with his sons Eric and Ian. Widely known for his applied research on honey bee health and practical solutions to modern beekeeping challenges, Randy has published monthly articles in American Bee Journal since 2006 and is a sought-after speaker at beekeeping conferences worldwide. Through his writing and presentations, he is dedicated to translating complex scientific research into clear, useful guidance for beekeepers of all levels.

Residential Beekeeping: Best-practice guidelines for nuisance-free beekeeping in Oregon – Oregon Master Beekeeping program presentation