Prepared Seminars

PEER TO PEER NETWORK CODING

2008-02-18T08:41:00.000-08:00

Network coding is a new research area that may have interesting applications in practical networking systems. With network coding, intermediate nodes may send out packets that are linear combinations of previously received information. There are two main benefits of this approach: potential throughput improvements and a high degree of robustness. Robustness translates into loss resilience and facilitates the design of simple distributed algorithms that perform well, even if decisions are based only on partial information. Here we explain what network coding does and how it does it. We also discuss the implications of theoretical results on network coding for realistic settings and show how network coding can be used in practice.

In particular, we show that Network Coding is practical in a P2P setting since it incurs little overhead, both in terms of CPU processing and I/O activity, and it results in smooth, fast downloads, and efficient server utilization. We also study the importance of topology construction algorithms in real scenarios and study the effect of peers behind NATs and firewalls, showing that the system is surprisingly robust to large number of unreachable peers. Finally, we present performance results related to verifying network encoded blocks on-the-fly using special security primitives called Secure-Random-Checksums.

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NFS ARCHITECTURE by Mudit Garg

2008-02-18T03:01:00.000-08:00

NFS^2 provides a mechanism for uniting NFS servers under a single namespace. It simplifies management of multiple NFS servers by providing access to all servers through a single namespace (no need for multiple client mount points), and by providing a transparent mechanism for the addition of new servers as the system grows. This system avoids distributed lock management, which has been a limiting factor in the scalability of cluster file systems. NFS^2 supports heterogeneous physical file systems within the single namespace, whereas other systems have relied on their ownproprietary physical file systems.

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WEB HOSTING

2008-02-12T06:29:00.000-08:00

A Web Hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to provide their own websites accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Webhosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called colocation.

Contents:-
1. Service scope

2. Hosting Reliability and Uptime

3. Types of hosting

4. Obtaining hosting

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MoCap data compression by Model Based Indexing

2008-02-10T10:38:00.000-08:00

Human Motion Capture (MoCap) data can be used for animation of virtual human-like characters in distributed virtual reality applications and networked games. MoCap data compressed using the standard MPEG-4 encoding pipeline comprising of predictive encoding (and/or DCT decorrelation), quantization, and arithmetic/Huffman encoding, entails significant power consumption for the purpose of decompression. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for compression of MoCap data, which is based on smart indexing of the MoCap data by exploiting structural information derived from the skeletal virtual human model. The indexing algorithm can be fine-controlled using three predefined quality control parameters (QCPs). We demonstrate how an efficient combination of the three QCPs results in a lower network bandwidth requirement and reduced power consumption for data decompression at the client end when compared to standard MPEG-4 compression. Since the proposed algorithm exploits structural information derived from the skeletal virtual human model, it is observed to result in virtual human animation of visually acceptable quality upon decompression.

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Inverse Multiplexing

2008-02-10T10:37:00.000-08:00

As computer-based voice, video, and data services enter our lives in ever expanding ways, the computer networking technologies to deliver these services to end users are also evolving. The demand for large amounts of bandwidth over long distances is driving interest in ISDN, frame relay, switched multi megabit digital service (SMDS), ATM, satellite data communications systems, wireless communications systems, and other networking technologies. Making most of these services universally available requires either a new communications network infrastructure or significant modifications to the existing one. For example, PXM promises high bandwidth digital connections based on fixed-size data cells that can carry voice, video, and data. Universal ATM, however, also requires that today’s public switched telephone network replace its time division multiplexed (TDM) switching fabric with a new ATM switching fabric and enhanced interoffice trunk facilities. Because the value of the existing worldwide telephony infrastructure (switches, transmission systems, and embedded wiring) is estimated to be in the trillions of dollars, it is unlikely that it will be replaced entirely by ATM anytime soon. Although alternative transmission technologies will certainly be implemented over time to handle the growing demand for high-speed digital bandwidth, we must also make full use of the existing digital TDM infrastructure.

While originally conceived as a transport network for 64-kbis digitized voice, it is now possible to dial up point to point digital connections whose bandwidth ranges from 64 kbps to 3 Mb/s and beyond. Two significant enhancements to TDM networking have made this possible. The first is newly-developed software for digital TDM switches that allows dialed connections to exceed the original design channel rate of 56 or 64 kb, allowing carriers to offer dialed wideband services. The second is the use of specialized equipment that resides at the user’s premises to allow multiple independent digital connections to be “combined” to create a single, higher-speed end-to-end connection. This technique is known as inverse multiplexing, and the equipment that performs it is called an inverse multiplexer.

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Windows Mobile 6

2008-02-10T10:36:00.000-08:00

Windows Mobile is a compact operating system combined with a suite of basic applications for mobile devices based on the Microsoft Win32 API. Windows Mobile 6, formerly codenamed Crossbow, is the latest version of Windows Mobile platform and has been released on February 12, 2007 at the 3GSM World Congress 2007. It comes in three different versions: Windows Mobile 6 Standard for Smartphone, Windows Mobile 6 Professional for PDAs with phone functionality and Windows Mobile 6 Classic for plain PDAs without cellular radios. Windows Mobile 6, the next iteration of the Windows Mobile platform, brings new features and tools to Smartphone while still maintaining unrivaled flexibility, productivity and customization. Windows Mobile 6 also delivers a more powerful mobile communications experience to the user and genuine Outlook Mobile experience through rich HTML support. Windows Mobile 6 provides an increased level of productivity by helping users reach deeper into information available on their devices to places they can’t reach while at their desks. Windows Mobile 6 delivers increased device control and security, and greater operability with Exchange Server and other Microsoft assets so businesses can efficiently deploy, manage and help secure their mobile solutions.

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Blu-ray DVD

2008-02-10T10:34:00.000-08:00

Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world's leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codec will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience. While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVD±R, DVD±RW, and DVD-RAM rely on a red laser to read and write data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the name Blu-ray. Despite the different type of lasers used, Blu-ray products can easily be made backwards compatible with CDs and DVDs through the use of a BD/DVD/CD compatible optical pickup unit. The benefit of using a blue-violet laser (405nm) is that it has a shorter wavelength than a red laser (650nm), which makes it possible to focus the laser spot with even greater precision. This allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less space, so it's possible to fit more data on the disc even though it's the same size as a CD/DVD. This together with the change of numerical aperture to 0.85 is what enables Blu-ray Discs to hold 25GB/50GB.

Blu-ray is currently supported by more than 180 of the world's leading consumer electronics, personal computer, recording media, video game and music companies. The format also has broad support from the major movie studios as a successor to today's DVD format. In fact, seven of the eight major movie studios (Disney, Fox, Warner, Paramount, Sony, Lionsgate and MGM) have released movies in the Blu-ray format and five of them (Disney, Fox, Sony, Lionsgate and MGM) are releasing their movies exclusively in the Blu-ray format. Many studios have also announced that they will begin releasing new feature films on Blu-ray Disc day-and-date with DVD, as well as a continuous slate of catalog titles every month. The name Blu-ray Disc is derived from the blue-violet laser used to read and write this type of disc. Because of its shorter wavelength (405 nm), substantially more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD format, which uses a red (650 nm) laser. A single layer Blu-ray Disc can store 25 gigabytes (GB), over five times the size of a single layer DVD at 4.7 GB. A dual layer Blu-ray Disc can store 50 GB, almost 6 times the size of a dual layer DVD at 8.5 GB.Blu-ray Disc is similar to PDD, another optical disc format developed by Sony (which has been available since 2004) but offering higher data transfer speeds. PDD was not intended for home video use and was aimed at business data archiving and backup.

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BLUETOOTH BASED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2008-02-10T10:33:00.000-08:00

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. Wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control. In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery. In contrast to the traditional sensor networks that are carefully planned and deployed to the predetermined positions, wireless sensor networks can be deployed in an ad-hoc manner. Of course, such deployment requires adequate communication protocols that are able to organize the network automatically, without the need for human intervention. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth. In computer science and telecommunications, wireless sensor networks are an active research area with numerous workshops and conferences arranged each year. Various technologies can be used for communication between the different sensor nodes like Infrared, Radio Frequency (RF), Optical Communication (Laser) so here we discuss the scenario of use of Bluetooth in the Sensor Nodes. The main principles, applications and issues of Bluetooth based wireless sensor networks.

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Bioinformatics

2008-02-10T10:32:00.002-08:00

Human kind is on the brink of another revolution. There is no doubt that the mapping of the human genome completed in June 2000, is one of the greatest scientific advancements in history. All this has been made possible with the help of high-speed computers, which were necessary to analyze hundreds of terabytes of raw sequence data and correctly order the 3 billion base pairs of DNA that comprise the human genome. Such an achievement has led to the world taking a greater look at the promising field of bioinformatics.

Bioinformatics can be simply defined as “the study of information content and information flow in biological systems and processes”. The overwhelming popularity of the field has led to its application in the fields of drug design, gene therapy, gene modification technology and pharmacy. It has also greatly helped the emerging fields of biochip technology and microfluidic technology. Through such emerging fields, scientists and researchers the world over, seek to tap the potential of a booming bioinformatics field.

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Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems

2008-02-10T10:32:00.001-08:00

Mobility is very important in our society. People live in one city and work in another. They go to visit friends and family living in different parts of the country. Even leisure time is not always spent in their residence. Despite the Indian government’s efforts to increase the use of public transportation, the car is still a widely used means of transportation. Every time someone travels from one location to another (by car), he or she first determines the best route to reach the destination. Depending on the time of day and the day of the week, this route may be different. For example, the driver may know that a certain road is always congested at a particular time and day. As a consequence, he chooses to use a different route to avoid this congestion.

Car navigation systems (or Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) are being offered as a special feature of new cars of an increasing number of car-brands. These car navigation systems are capable of taking over some of the tasks that are performed by the driver such as reading the map and determining the best route to the destination. They should also take daily congestion patterns into account. Because a car navigation system uses a built-in computer to determine a route, it can compare many different routes and the user expects the system to determine the best possible or optimum route fast. This report is concerned with presenting the role of GIS- GPS integration in intelligent vehicle highway systems besides giving an in depth role of route planning algorithms that enable a car navigation system to plan optimum routes on very large real-world road networks in very little time, taking daily congestion patterns into account.

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Multinet

2008-02-10T10:31:00.000-08:00

There are a number of scenarios where it is desirableto have a wireless device connect to multiple networkssimultaneously. Currently, this is possible only by using multiple wireless network cards in the device. Unfortunately, using multiple wireless cards causes excessive energy drain and consequent reduction of lifetime in battery operated devices. In this paper, we propose a software based approach, called MultiNet, thatfacilitates simultaneous connections to multiple networks by virtualizing a single wireless card. The wireless card is virtualized by introducing an intermediate layer below IP, which continuously switches the card across multiple networks. The goal of theswitching algorithm is to be transparent to the user who sees hermachine as being connected to multiple networks. We present thedesign, implementation, and performance of the MultiNet system.We analyze and evaluate buffering and switching algorithms interms of delay and energy consumption. Our system is agnosticof the upper layer protocols, and works well over popular IEEE802.11 wireless LAN cards.

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Automated text SUMMARIZATION

2008-02-10T10:29:00.000-08:00

Over the past few years, especially with the emergence of the Internet, the exchange of information has increased immensely, affecting all of us. On the one hand, the scientific community makes us aware instantly of its scientific breakthroughs while on the other hand, journalists present reports from around the world in real time. The growing number of electronic articles, magazines and books that are made available everyday, puts more pressure on professionals from every walk of life as they struggle with information overload.

With the increasing availability of information and the limited time people have to sort through it all, it has become more and more difficult for professionals in various fields to keep abreast of developments in their respective disciplines A large portion of all available information today exists in the form of unstructured texts. Books, magazine articles, research papers, product manuals, memorandums, e-mails, and of course the Web, all contain textual information in the natural language form. Analyzing huge piles of textual information is often involved in making informed and correct business decisions.

By and large, we all have to deal with reviewing large volumes of textual information. This problem could be solved by the use of “Automated Text Summarization” systems. Such systems have been in research for over 50 years. It views a system that can model the information processing capabilities of the human brain. In general, systems based on traditional text summarization approaches analyzed a natural language text in a certain way at the level of individual sentences. The objective was to create a semantic representation of a sentence in the form of structured relations between important words comprising this sentence.

To solve this task, various previously developed linguistic molds were tried with the sentence and its components. When a mold matched the sentence well, a corresponding semantic construction was associated with the sentence. This technique provides a good first guidance for understanding the meaning of a text. But as it turns out, the main problem with this approach is that there can be too many different molds that one needs to build for analyzing different types of sentences. In addition, the list of exceptional constructions in this approach quickly grows prohibitively large. In other words, this approach works well only for a limited subset of natural language texts.

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Acoustic Cryptanalysis

2008-02-10T10:28:00.002-08:00

One of the methods for extracting information from supposedly secure systems is side-channel attacks: cryptanalytic techniques that rely on information unintentionally leaked by computing devices. Most side-channel attack research has focused on electromagnetic emanations (TEMPEST), power consumption and, recently, diffuse visible light from CRT displays. The oldest eavesdropping channel, namely acoustic emanations, has received little attention. The preliminary analysis of acoustic emanations from personal computers shows them to be a surprisingly rich source of information on CPU activity. Acoustic cryptanalysis is a side channel attack which exploits sounds audible or not, produced during a computation or input-output operation by computer workstations, impact printers, or electromechanical cipher machines. We will look at the possible attack method, attempt to analyze the risk of the method and give pointers for further research. In 2004, Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer demonstrated that it may be possible to conduct timing attacks against a CPU performing cryptographic operations by analysis of variations in its humming noise. In 2004, Dimitri Asonov and Rakesh Agarwal of the IBM Almaden Research Center announced that computer keyboards and keypads used on telephones and automated teller machines (ATMs) are vulnerable to attacks based on differentiating the sound produced by different keys.. By analyzing recorded sounds, they were able to recover the text of data being entered. These techniques allow an attacker using covert listening devices to obtain password, passphrases and personal identification number (PINs) and other security information. In 2005, a group of UC Berkeley researchers performed a number of practical experiments demonstrating the validity of this kind of threat.

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Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.0)

2008-02-10T10:28:00.001-08:00

Think about all of the information that people access on the Web on a day-to-day basis: news headlines, search results, “What’s New”, job vacancies, and so forth whose content changes on an unpredictable schedule. A large amount of this content can be thought of as a list.

Most people need to track a number of these lists, to see if there is any new content. But this becomes difficult once if there are more than a handful of sources. This is because they have to go to each page, load it, remember how it’s formatted, and find where they last left off in the list.

Email notification of changes was an early solution to this problem. Unfortunately, when people receive email notifications from multiple websites they are usually disorganized and can get overwhelming, and are often mistaken for spam. RSS is a better way to be notified of new and changed content. Notifications of changes to multiple websites are handled easily, and the results are presented to people in well organized and distinct from email.

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SUN SPOT SYSTEM

2008-02-10T10:27:00.000-08:00

The Sun Small Programmable Object Technology (SPOT) is new sensor network hardware with full Java support that has been introduced by Sun Microsystems. It is a state-of-the-art WSN platform that provides much more computational power and memory than the previous generations of very limited sensor nodes. The most notable feature of the Sun SPOT platform is that it runs Java as its native programming language on bare metal. This allows sophisticated algorithms to be implemented on the sensors nodes easily.A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.Sun Small Programmable Object Technology is a wireless sensor network (WSN) mote (an electronic communication device meant to be the size of a particle of dust). The device is built upon the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Unlike other available mote systems, the Sun SPOT is built on the Squawk virtual machine.

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Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)

2008-02-10T10:25:00.002-08:00

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is a technology that connects regular unlicensed wireless networks to GSM networks. The wireless networks are currently limited to Bluetooth and 802.11, but soon others will follow. UMA defines a UMA Network Controller, UNC, which connects to the GSM mobile network using standard A/Gb connections, replacing GSM’s Base Station Controller (BSC). All GSM services are tunneled through the IP pipe, including GPRS. Of course, data transfer speeds are quite a lot faster than with cellular access (UMA Technology).

Calls and data connections feature seamless handover between cellular and UMA, as well as roaming back to cellular if UMA isn’t available. UMA enabled phones can use any standard 802.11 access point for connection, though naturally the AP must provide network access for the user. The network features multiple UNCs, one of which is a default one. The default UNC chooses another UNC for the mobile terminal if needed, based on the network topology.

The mobile terminal connects to the UNC via unlicensed wireless networks and fixed line, using point-to-point IPSec encryption. The UNC contains a security gateway (SGW), which takes care of the IPSec tunnel and IKEv2 authentication (Mobile Pipeline). The subscribers are identified by SIM credentials, and the SGW is connected to GSM’s AAA service for subscriber authentication.

Calls are transferred through IP bearers (RTP and UDP), using the same data flow as with VoIP networks. GPRS connections are carried by TCP using a lightweight UMA-RLC protocol, which is suitable for always-on broadband connections. (Mobile Pipeline). Right now, there are no phones implementing UMTS and UMA at the same time – only handoff between GSM and UMA exists. At the moment, the UNC does not support all of the UMTS services, so development still goes on (In Code 2006).

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AUTOSTEREOSCOPIC 3D DISPLAY

2008-02-10T10:25:00.001-08:00

3D displays which use glasses have not gained wide acceptance. Autostereo displays provide 3D perception without the need for special glasses or other head gear. Three basic technologies exist to make autostereo displays: spatial multiplex, multiprojector and time-sequential. These can be used to make two types of useful device: two-view, headtracked displays; and multi-view displays. The former tend to be single-viewer systems while the latter can support multiple viewers. The latter tend to require more processing power because they have more views than the former. Both types will find uses in their own niches. An autostereoscopic display provides the viewer with a three-dimensional image without the need for special glasses.

3D displays which require the viewer to wear special glasses are reasonably well known. These displays present two different images in the same plane. The glasses select which of the two images is visible to each of the viewer’s eyes. Technologies for this include standard colour display combined with coloured glasses (anaglyph method); two standard displays made coplanar by an half-silvered mirror, combined with polarised glasses; and a double frame rate display combined with shuttered glasses. Such displays have not gained wide acceptance, partly owing to the need to wear glasses. Autostereo displays provide 3D perception without glasses and should, therefore, prove more commercially viable. Multi-view and head-tracked autostereoscopic displays offer the viewer three dimensional realism lacking in conventional two-dimensional or stereoscopic displays. They combine the effects of both stereo parallax and movement parallax producing a perceived effect similar to that of a white light hologram. The observer sees a different image of the scene with each eye and different images again whenever he moves his head. He is able to view a potentially infinite number of different images of the scene. Thus both stereo and horizontal movement parallax cues can be provided with a small number of views. The finite number of views required in allows the replacement of the scene by a three dimensional display that outputs a different image to each window.

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Latest File Sharing Networks

2008-02-10T10:23:00.000-08:00

File sharing is the practice of making files available for other users to download over the Internet and smaller networks. The majority of users of such networks are the people from academic circles, open source communities’ members or the freelance users hunting for media.Usually file sharing follows the peer-to-peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users. Most people who engage in file sharing are also downloading files that other users share. Sometimes these two activities are linked together. P2P file sharing is distinct from file trading in that downloading files from a P2P network does not require uploading, although some networks either provide incentives for uploading such as credits or force the sharing of files being currently downloaded.

The earliest and popular most network which came into being was Napster, although it was soon sacked for copy-right violations, it left behind a rage for free music exchange. Soon a number of new networks sprouted up one by one. Better than ever before, faster protocols for sharing, improved protection against copyright violations, even basis for file distribution, they are simply getting better and better. But a common problem which is faced by each of them is- Safe Distribution Of Copyrighted Material. Although illegal but the people on such networks strive for them and needless to say that advocate such kind of distribution. A new approach which is being taken up quickly, to answer the stated need, is Anonymous File Sharing.

The term 'Anonymous P2P' is somewhat of a misnomer. This is because by design, a network node must be pseudonymous since it must have an "address" at which it can be reached by other peer nodes in order to exchange data. However, usually this address, especially on anonymous networks, does not contain any directly identifiable information. Thus a user is highly, but not completely, anonymous. (In friend-to-friend networks, only your friends can know that your address is used to exchange files.)When receiving data on any network it must come from somewhere and data must have been requested by someone. The anonymity comes from the idea that no one knows who requested the information as it is difficult - if not impossible - to determine if a user requested the data for himself or simply requested the data on behalf of another user. The end result is that everyone on an anonymous network acts as a universal sender and universal receiver to maintain anonymity.

If people are only universal receivers and do not send, then one would know that the information they were requesting was for themselves only, removing any plausible deniability that they were the recipients (and consumers) of the information. Thus, in order to remain anonymous, one must ferry information for others on the network.Thus Anonymous file sharing networks relies on two important things - Encrypting the data being transferred and Providing means to hide the identification of sender as well as receiver, basically, somehow masking the IP addresses of the computers on the network. When talking about anonymous systems it is vital to be precise about what is anonymous, from whom, under what conditions, and exactly how anonymous. The majority of anonymous peer-to-peer Systems are “friend-to-friend” networks. These are peer-to-peer networks in which each peer (node) only connects to a small number of other, known nodes. Only the direct neighbors of a node know its IP address. Communication with remote nodes is provided by sending messages hop-to-hop across this overlay network.

Such technology is desirable and in some cases necessary to ensure freedom of speech and the free flow of information. The claim is that true freedom of speech, especially on controversial subjects, is difficult or impossible unless individuals can speak anonymously. If anonymity is not possible, one could be subjected to threats or reprisals for voicing an unpopular view. This is one reason why voting is done by secret ballot in many democracies.Anonymous P2P also has value in normal daily communication. When communication is anonymous, the decision to reveal the identity of the communicating parties is left up to the parties involved and is not available to a third party. Often there is no need or desire by the communicating party to be forced to reveal their identity. As a matter of personal freedom, many people do not want processes in place by default which supplies unnecessary data. Such data, could also be complied into histories of their activities, and which in their opinion, should be inherently controlled by the caller, not the called.

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3D VISUALIZATION IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS

2008-02-10T10:22:00.000-08:00

Computer graphics started with the display of data on hardcopy plotters and Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) screens soon after the introduction of computers themselves. It has grown to include the creation, storage, and manipulation of models and images of objects. These models come from a diverse and expanding set of fields and include physical, mathematical, engineering, architectural, and even conceptual (abstract) structures, natural phenomena and so on. Computer graphics today is largely interactive: The user controls the contents, structures, and appearance of objects and of their displayed images by using input devices such as keyboard, mouse, and touch-sensitive panel on screen.

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A FAULT TOLERANT ARCHITECTURE FOR INTERNET ROBOTS USING MOBILE AGENTS

2008-02-10T10:21:00.000-08:00

The Internet has made a significant impact on society through its use as a communication and data transfer mechanism. It is anticipated that in the future its impact will be seen in the control of remote embedded devices, including mobile robots that can be teleoperated by Internet users. It is expected that these systems will play a key role in hazardous environments such as the nuclear industry, underwater, and space, and also serve us at home.

Although the Internet offers standardised, cost effective and accessible functionality, its use as a communication mechanism is constrained by limited bandwidth, indeterminate transmission delay, and potential data loss. Recent Internet robot systems have developed control strategies to overcome the effect of limited bandwidth and delay in the Internet.

However these systems do not sufficiently address fault tolerance issues such as loss of communication within the system and partial or full loss of robot functionality. In addition most of these systems control a single robot and would therefore not consider fault tolerance issues related to multiple robot control.Existing fault tolerant architectures are effective in the control of robots for which they were designed, but they do not consider issues such as limited bandwidth, indeterminate transmission delay and potential data loss. In addition they lack consideration for the role of a human user within the robots control loop. We use a mobile agent programming in building fault tolerance architecture in a multiple Internet robot system.

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A Taxonomy Of Wireless Micro Sensor Network

2008-02-10T10:19:00.000-08:00

Wireless sensor network is important in sensing, Collecting and disseminating information about environmental Phenomenon. This report contain emerging field to classify wireless micro sensor network according to different communication functions, data delivery models and network dynamics. This taxonomy will aid in defining appropriate communication infra structure for diff. sensor network application subspaces. It allows network designer to choose the Protocol architecture. According to their application this taxonomy will enable new sensor network models to define for use in further research in this area.

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Active Campus using Mobile Tech

2008-02-10T10:11:00.000-08:00

The traditional university campus is designed to develop a thriving community of lerners ,but modernity has introduced many stresses .Mobile computing holds the potential to make strong a campus’s traditional institutions of community through a process of indirect mediation i.e using personal wireless devices.These paper introduces Active-campus, a suite of personal services for maintaining an educational community. The design and implementation of ActiveCampus is described, which is now in deployment on the UCSD(University Of California, San Diego) campus.

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Application of Mobile Agent

2008-02-10T10:10:00.000-08:00

Mobile agent technology facilitates intelligent operation in software system with less human interaction. Major challenge to deployment of mobile agents and preventing unauthorized access to resources between interacting systems, as either hosts, or agents, or both can act maliciously. A Secure mobile agent system, handles the transmission and secure management of mobile agents in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment. It provides users with the option of incorporating their security managers.
Security infrastructure is critical for any system for providing the end-user the quality of service. The need for security in mobile paradigm is overwhelming because of its various application in commercial world. We consider a study of various policies and issues regarding the security architecture that are to be consideredin the design of mobile systems so that they can be visualized in the commercial arena.
This also presents the Agent pattern, a design pattern useful to develop dynamic and distributed applications. The Agent pattern provides a clean and easy way to develop agent-based applications, mainly in open and large-scale distributed environments such as the Internet and application areas such as Electronic Commerce.

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Bio Metrix Security System

2008-02-10T10:09:00.000-08:00

With the increasing use of electronics and electronic commerce in our day-to-day lives, the importance of fraud-proof identification and recognition systems for use in security applications has grown .The improved understanding of biological systems and the ability to model them using computer algorithms has led to utilization of biometrics in authentication systems. Voice, Iris, Face, Signature, Hand Geometry are the biometrics that have been studied and applied to various kinds of identification and authentication systems.

Biometrics is a means of using parts of the human body as a kind of permanent password. Technology has advanced to the point where computer systems can record and recognize the patterns, hand shapes, ear lobe contours, and a host of other physical characteristics. Using this biometrics, laptop and other portable devices can be empowered with the ability to instantly verify your identity and deny access to everybody else.

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Blue Gene Technology

2008-02-10T10:08:00.000-08:00

Blue Gene is a massively parallel computer being developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Blue Gene represents a hundred-fold improvement on performance compared with the fastest supercomputers of today. It will achieve 1 PetaFLOP/sec through unprecedented levels of parallelism in excess of 4,0000,000 threads of execution. The Blue Gene project has two important goals, in which understanding of biologically import processes will be advanced, as well as advancement of knowledge of cellular architectures (massively parallel system built of single chip cells that integrate processors, memory and communication), and of the software needed to exploit those effectively. This massively parallel system of 65,536 nodes is based on a new architecture that exploits system-on-a-chip technology to deliver target peak processing power of 360 teraFLOPS (trillion floating-point operations per second). The machine is scheduled to be operational in the 2004-2005 time frame, at price/performance and power consumption/performance targets unobtainable with conventional architectures.

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