Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Most-Read Full-Text Articles https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Table of Contents Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/cms/asset/433b8ee2-291a-4032-a821-9a689e8fcaa8/default_cover.png https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R In This Issue https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti2826123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> In This Issue doi:10.1073/iti2826123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/iti2826123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti2826123?af=R User interaction with digital platforms: A consumer protection perspective https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525996123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>The rapid growth of digital platforms has transformed how consumers interact with the marketplace and led to new challenges for consumer protection. This Perspective describes how the Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Economics uses behavioral insights ... User interaction with digital platforms: A consumer protection perspective doi:10.1073/pnas.2525996123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Nellie LewDevesh R. Ravalahttps://ror.org/02jpn1774Federal Trade Commission Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525996123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525996123?af=R The role of nonfinancial factors in the Congressional Budget Office’s health insurance coverage projections https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525991123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Nonfinancial factors play an important role in people’s coverage decisions as premiums, cost sharing, and other factors that determine the financial value of health insurance cannot fully explain patterns in take-up rates. The Congressional Budget Office (... The role of nonfinancial factors in the Congressional Budget Office’s health insurance coverage projections doi:10.1073/pnas.2525991123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Nianyi HongBen HopkinsaCongressional Budget, Health Analysis Division, Health Insurance Modeling Unit, Washington, DC 20515 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525991123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525991123?af=R Turning policy implications into policy impact: Lessons from behavioral science in financial markets https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525990123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>We describe how research can inform policymaking. We begin by summarizing the policy formation process, offering a framework illustrating how interactions between scientists and policymakers can provide mutual benefits. We then describe four research ... Turning policy implications into policy impact: Lessons from behavioral science in financial markets doi:10.1073/pnas.2525990123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Alycia ChinKatherine G. CarmanAdam W. CraigJonathan A. CookDavid B. Zimmermanahttps://ror.org/01xqwbk25U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of the Investor Advocate, Washington, DC 20549bhttps://ror.org/02k3smh20University of Kentucky, Gatton College of Business and Economics, Lexington, KY 40506 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525990123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525990123?af=R Applied behavioral and decision sciences in support of US FDA’s drug regulatory mission https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525995123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) makes and communicates decisions that directly affect the health choices and well-being of the US public. Behavioral and decision scientists have long supported FDA’s pharmaceutical (medical drug) regulatory and ... Applied behavioral and decision sciences in support of US FDA’s drug regulatory mission doi:10.1073/pnas.2525995123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Sara L. EggersTamar KrishnamurtiBaruch FischhoffaIndependent Scholar, Takoma Park, MD 20912bhttps://ror.org/01an3r305Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213chttps://ror.org/05x2bcf33Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Carnegie Mellon Institute for Strategy and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525995123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525995123?af=R Louis E. Brus (1943–2026): A consummate physical chemist and a pioneer in the exploration of spectroscopy of materials at the nanoscale https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617634123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Last year we lost a true pioneer in the field of nanoscience. Louis E. Brus didn’t chase fame, he chased“the problem.”His career is a monument to the power of curiosity driven science, the kind of impactful science nurtured by Bell Laboratories in the ... Louis E. Brus (1943–2026): A consummate physical chemist and a pioneer in the exploration of spectroscopy of materials at the nanoscale doi:10.1073/pnas.2617634123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z William L. WilsonA. L. HarrisT. D. HarrisM. L. SteigerwaldJ. C. TullyS. Wongahttps://ror.org/03vek6s52Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bhttps://ror.org/02ex6cf31Energy Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY 11973chttps://ror.org/013sk6x84HHMI, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147dhttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027ehttps://ror.org/03v76x132Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520fhttps://ror.org/05qghxh33Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2617634123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617634123?af=R Prescribed fire is unlikely to reduce net PM2.5 emissions in most locations https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613722123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceSmoke exposure from wildfires increasingly poses serious global health risks. Prescribed fire is a critical component of treatments to reduce fuel loads and subsequent wildfire severity, but its net effect on emissions remains uncertain. We ... Prescribed fire is unlikely to reduce net PM2.5 emissions in most locations doi:10.1073/pnas.2613722123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Mark R. KreiderShawn P. UrbanskiJoseph Fargioneahttps://ror.org/01na82s61Pacific Southwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Redding, CA 96006bhttps://ror.org/040vxhp34Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830chttps://ror.org/01na82s61Missoula Fire Sciences Lab, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Missoula, MT 59808dhttps://ror.org/0563w1497The Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613722123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613722123?af=R The emergence of human influence on the ozone layer by the 1960s https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608286123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis paper examines the earliest emergence of human-caused ozone depletion: the when, the where, and the why. We employ a thought-experiment framework aimed at the physical emergence of the signal in a hypothetical world in which instruments ... The emergence of human influence on the ozone layer by the 1960s doi:10.1073/pnas.2608286123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Jian GuanBenjamin D. SanterPeidong WangQiang FuRolando R. GarciaYaowei LiKane StoneDouglas E. KinnisonJun ZhangGabriel ChiodoJean-Francois LamarqueSusan Solomonahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/026k5mg93School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/00cvxb145Department of Atmospheric and Climate Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195dhttps://ror.org/05cvfcr44National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305ehttps://ror.org/02gfc7t72Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 28040, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608286123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608286123?af=R Strengthening of negative fire–fuel feedbacks by large fires in eastern Canadian boreal forests https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2512303123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAlthough fire-induced fuel reduction moderates fire recurrence in many crown-fire ecosystems, we do not know how the spatial configuration of fuels influences this negative fire–fuel feedback. Using a detailed reconstruction of fire history in ... Strengthening of negative fire–fuel feedbacks by large fires in eastern Canadian boreal forests doi:10.1073/pnas.2512303123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Zackary ShakeriDominique ArseneaultMartin SimardMarc-André Parisienahttps://ror.org/049jtt335Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Centre d’Etudes Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canadabhttps://ror.org/04sjchr03Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Centre d’étude de la forêt, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canadachttps://ror.org/05hepy730Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2512303123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2512303123?af=R Differences in physiological tolerance to global warming caused the Permian–Triassic transition between the Paleozoic and Modern faunas https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533086123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe well-established faunal turnover event between the Paleozoic fauna (e.g., brachiopods, crinoids) and the Modern fauna (e.g., clams, snails, urchins) coincided with intense global climate change of the latest Permian. We hypothesize that ... Differences in physiological tolerance to global warming caused the Permian–Triassic transition between the Paleozoic and Modern faunas doi:10.1073/pnas.2533086123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z J. Andres MarquezJustin L. PennRichard G. StockeyThomas H. BoagMurray I. DuncanKyra N. McClureKendall MatsumotoKemi F. Ashing-GiwaChristopher P. NollCurtis DeutschJonathan L. PayneErik A. Sperlingahttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bhttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544chttps://ror.org/01dq60k83Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japandhttps://ror.org/01ryk1543School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, SO17 1BJehttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Division of Natural Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027fhttps://ror.org/0461r7q95Department of Environment, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale 0000, Seychellesghttps://ror.org/016sewp10Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africahhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Earth Systems, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305ihttps://ror.org/00hx57361High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533086123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533086123?af=R Long-term stability and performance of Cas9/guide RNA-based gene drives in anopheline mosquitoes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605739123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceGene-drive systems for population modification of mosquitoes that transmit human malaria parasites have promise as sustainable approaches for malaria control. The impact of these systems on disease prevalence and incidence requires long-term ... Long-term stability and performance of Cas9/guide RNA-based gene drives in anopheline mosquitoes doi:10.1073/pnas.2605739123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Rebeca Carballar-LejarazúYuemei DongThai Binh PhamTaylor TusharDrusilla StillingerDevin Ngoc NguyenLorena WinokurMihra TavadiaMabel TaoGeorge DimopoulosAnthony A. Jamesahttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4025bhttps://ror.org/00za53h95W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205chttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605739123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605739123?af=R Bumblebees’ orofacial reactions to tastes provide evidence for affective evaluation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529114123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhether animals with vastly different brains and bodies are capable of positive and negative affective evaluation has long been a major open question for scientists and philosophers. In mammals, orofacial movements, like tongue protrusions to ... Bumblebees’ orofacial reactions to tastes provide evidence for affective evaluation doi:10.1073/pnas.2529114123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Yonghe ZhouThomas IngrahamAndrew B. BarronFei PengCwyn SolviaState Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00rqy9422Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4076, Australiachttps://ror.org/01sf06y89School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australiadhttps://ror.org/01vjw4z39Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529114123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529114123?af=R Selective and direct hydrogen generation from mixed plastic waste via alkaline thermal treatment with inherent carbon storage https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537552123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePlastic waste is difficult to recycle because mixed plastics typically require sorting and high-temperature gasification that emits CO2. We demonstrate an alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) that converts common mixed plastics such as ... Selective and direct hydrogen generation from mixed plastic waste via alkaline thermal treatment with inherent carbon storage doi:10.1073/pnas.2537552123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Jieun ParkHyunah KimHyerin SeoJiwon LeeHyung-Kyu LimWonho JungAh-Hyung Alissa ParkWoo-Jae Kimahttps://ror.org/053fp5c05Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Koreabhttps://ror.org/05jmm0651Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Gyeonggi-do 10540, Republic of Koreachttps://ror.org/01mh5ph17Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Koreadhttps://ror.org/056tn4839C1 Gas Refinery Research and Development Center, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Koreaehttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Samueli School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA 90095fhttps://ror.org/053fp5c05Institute for Multiscale Matter and Systems, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537552123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537552123?af=R Histone chaperone HIRA regulates adiponectin expression and obesity-associated adipose expansion by facilitating Pol II pause release https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603875123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceDysregulated adipose tissue function leads to metabolic disorders including obesity and insulin resistance, yet the epigenomic mechanisms that maintain its normal function are incompletely understood. This study identifies the histone ... Histone chaperone HIRA regulates adiponectin expression and obesity-associated adipose expansion by facilitating Pol II pause release doi:10.1073/pnas.2603875123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Danyang WanJi-Eun LeeYoung-Kwon ParkGuojia XieSusanna MaistoChristabelle AgyapongKeiko OzatoOksana GavrilovaKai Geahttps://ror.org/00adh9b73Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892bDivision of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892chttps://ror.org/00adh9b73Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603875123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603875123?af=R Evidence from formal logical reasoning reveals that the language of thought is not natural language https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520095123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhich cognitive mechanisms allow humans to reason logically, to understand whether a conclusion follows from the premises? Are they the same ones that allow the assembly of words into structured representations? Scholars have debated for ... Evidence from formal logical reasoning reveals that the language of thought is not natural language doi:10.1073/pnas.2520095123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Hope KeanAlexander FungParis JaggersJason ChenJoshua S. RuleYael BennJoshua B. TenenbaumSteven T. PiantadosiRosemary A. VarleyEvelina Fedorenkoahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139chttps://ror.org/02jx3x895Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1PF, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/01an7q238Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720ehttps://ror.org/02hstj355School of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BX, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520095123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520095123?af=R Time-resolved morphological and transcriptomic characterization of early enteric neuron subtype emergence in chick https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511442123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWe characterize the transcriptomic and morphological dynamics of enteric neurons emerging in the chick embryo gastrointestinal tract. Neurons elongating their projections express axon guidance gene programs that differ from those that guide ... Time-resolved morphological and transcriptomic characterization of early enteric neuron subtype emergence in chick doi:10.1073/pnas.2511442123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Maëlys AndréRaphael GuryMaxime LepetitFranck BoismoreauMuriel BozonJérémy GanofskyCassandre Heritier-TellierIngrid PlottonRémi Duclaux-LorasNoël PerettiGuillaume MarcyValérie CastellaniJulien Falkahttps://ror.org/029brtt94MeLis, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, Francebhttps://ror.org/029brtt94Bioinformatic Platform of the Labex Cortex, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, Francechttps://ror.org/029brtt94Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lyon, laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Université Lyon 1, Bron 69500, Francedhttps://ror.org/029brtt94CarMEN laboratory, INSERM U1060, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement 1397, 69495 Pierre Benite, France, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lyon, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Université Lyon 1, Bron 69500, Franceehttps://ror.org/059sz6q14Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Lyon 69007, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2511442123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511442123?af=R Vimentin promotes actin assembly by stabilizing ATP-actin subunits at the barbed end https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531232123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe cytoskeleton is composed of three types of filaments: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, which coordinate to control cell shape, mechanics, and movement. Among them, the contribution of vimentin intermediate filaments to ... Vimentin promotes actin assembly by stabilizing ATP-actin subunits at the barbed end doi:10.1073/pnas.2531232123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Lilian PatyLukas KalvodaMaritzaida Varela-SalgadoQuang D. TranMartin LenzAntoine JégouGuillaume Romet-LemonneCécile Leducahttps://ror.org/02c5gc203Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris F-75013, Francebhttps://ror.org/00w67e447Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, Orsay F-91405, Francechttps://ror.org/05f82e368Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75005, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531232123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531232123?af=R Feeding health inequality through platform-based food delivery in China https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538093123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceDigital platforms are reshaping everyday behaviors, with important implications for health inequality. This study shows that the impact of online food delivery platforms on overweight in China is not uniform but varies by socioeconomic status: ... Feeding health inequality through platform-based food delivery in China doi:10.1073/pnas.2538093123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Hai DingChenran LiuYu XieJia YuZhengrong Yuanahttps://ror.org/02v51f717Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinabhttps://ror.org/041pakw92School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, Chinachttps://ror.org/00hx57361Paul and Marcia Center on Contemporary China, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544dhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Center for Social Research, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinaehttps://ror.org/04yqxxq63School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2538093123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538093123?af=R Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524855123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceEukaryotic genes switch on and off stochastically, yet cells regulate gene expression with remarkable precision by biasing the probability of switching. Recent experiments revealed a surprising and unexplained constraint: The characteristic ... Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow doi:10.1073/pnas.2524855123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Benjamin ZollerAlexis BénichouThomas GregorGašper Tkačikahttps://ror.org/0495fxg12Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, CNRS UMR3738 Paris Cité, Institut Pasteur, Paris FR-75015, Francebhttps://ror.org/03gnh5541Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg AT-3400, Austriachttps://ror.org/00hx57361Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524855123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524855123?af=R Educational expansion and the hidden reversal of the Flynn effect—Differential trends across socioeconomic strata https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536089123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe rise in cognitive performance, the Flynn effect, and the more recent decline in several high-income societies, is often reported as single, population-wide trends. Studying nearly 600,000 Norwegian men, we show that trends vary by ... Educational expansion and the hidden reversal of the Flynn effect—Differential trends across socioeconomic strata doi:10.1073/pnas.2536089123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Bernt BratsbergAnders M. FjellOle J. RogebergKristine B. Walhovdahttps://ror.org/02ya78342Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Oslo 0349, Norwaybhttps://ror.org/046nvst19Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0213, Norwaychttps://ror.org/01xtthb56Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo 0349, Oslo, Norwaydhttps://ror.org/00j9c2840Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536089123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536089123?af=R Tropical forests are facing increasing risks of exposure to critical temperature thresholds https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528622123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceTropical forests are vital for absorbing CO2and supporting global biodiversity, but rising temperatures threaten their health and functioning. When trees reach critical temperatures, their photosynthetic system breaks down. We mapped the ... Tropical forests are facing increasing risks of exposure to critical temperature thresholds doi:10.1073/pnas.2528622123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Nina van TielGaston LencznerMukund P. RaoCharlotte GrossiordDevis Tuiaahttps://ror.org/02s376052Environmental Computational Science and Earth Observation laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion 1951, Switzerlandbhttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Tree-Ring Laboratory, Biology and Paleo Environment Division, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964cGlobal Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spaindhttps://ror.org/02s376052Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerlandehttps://ror.org/04bs5yc70Functional Plant Ecology Group, Forest and Soil Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528622123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528622123?af=R Spatial transcriptomic mapping of postnatal mouse uterine development https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600524123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe uterus undergoes extensive remodeling after birth to acquire the epithelial structure required for adult reproductive function, yet how this process is spatially organized has remained unclear. This study provides a high-resolution spatial ... Spatial transcriptomic mapping of postnatal mouse uterine development doi:10.1073/pnas.2600524123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z M. Fairuz B. JamaluddinShafiq M. SyedRiazuddin MohammedJyoti GoadMehedi HasanManish KumarIsabella MoorePrathima B. NagendraNaga Veera Srikanth VallabaniFlorence BartlettVimala AnthonydhasonPradeep S. TanwaraSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australiabhttps://ror.org/0277g6a74Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australiachttps://ror.org/043mz5j54Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143dAustralian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australiaehttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287fhttps://ror.org/026zzn846Centre for Tumor Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United KingdomgThe Australian Institute of Agriculture, Doonbah, New South Wales 2473, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600524123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600524123?af=R 4D force patterning enables spatial control of angiogenesis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532667123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceBuilding functional human tissues requires the formation of organized vascular networks. Current vascular patterning methods largely rely on diffusive biochemical signals, limiting control over when and where vessels form. Here, we demonstrate ... 4D force patterning enables spatial control of angiogenesis doi:10.1073/pnas.2532667123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Sina KheiriJessica ShahPeiyuan ChaiShashaank A. VenkateshRyan A. FlynnRoger D. KammRitu Ramanahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139chttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139dhttps://ror.org/00dvg7y05Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115ehttps://ror.org/03vek6s52Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138fhttps://ror.org/03vek6s52Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532667123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532667123?af=R Structural characterization of human neutralizing antibodies against JC and BK polyomaviruses https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603048123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePreventing infectious entry of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a critical strategy for treating and preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease affecting immunocompromised individuals. This study ... Structural characterization of human neutralizing antibodies against JC and BK polyomaviruses doi:10.1073/pnas.2603048123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Christina HarprechtLuisa J. StröhBethany A. O’HaraJasmin FreytagFelix NagelSheila A. HaleyYork-Dieter StierhofWalter J. AtwoodThilo Stehleahttps://ror.org/03a1kwz48Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germanybhttps://ror.org/05gq02987Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903chttps://ror.org/03a1kwz48Microscopy, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germanydhttps://ror.org/03a1kwz48Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603048123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603048123?af=R Stress granules as RNA triage hubs suppress extracellular vesicle secretion under oxidative stress in cancer https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533990123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceTumor cells must survive oxidative and nutrient stress while deciding how much to communicate with their environment through extracellular vesicles (EVs). We show that stress granules (SGs) are not passive RNA warehouses but selective “triage ... Stress granules as RNA triage hubs suppress extracellular vesicle secretion under oxidative stress in cancer doi:10.1073/pnas.2533990123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Yue DongTakeshi YoshidaMitsuyo MaedaHaruki AdachiAsami EguchiEmi Mishiro-SatoDaisuke OkuzakiYosky KataokaTakuya YoshidaChitose Oneyamaahttps://ror.org/03kfmm080Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japanbhttps://ror.org/03tgsfw79Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, JapancJapan Electron Optics Laboratory Ltd, Tokyo 196-8558, Japandhttps://ror.org/04wn7wc95Department of Oncology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japanehttps://ror.org/04chrp450Molecular Structure Center, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japanfhttps://ror.org/035t8zc32Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japanghttps://ror.org/035t8zc32Laboratory of Quantitative Biophysical Life Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japanhhttps://ror.org/04chrp450Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533990123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533990123?af=R Interleukin-6 is critical in the development of pulmonary vascular disease in Gcn2-deficient mice https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531623123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study examines the effects of General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) deficiency on the cardiopulmonary system of mice. We show that loss of GCN2 results in mild pulmonary hypertension and exaggerated interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses to ... Interleukin-6 is critical in the development of pulmonary vascular disease in Gcn2-deficient mice doi:10.1073/pnas.2531623123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Max SchwieningQingyue GaoMark SouthwoodAlexi CrosbyStephen MooreJose A. ValerNiki VealeBenjamin J. DunmorePaul D. UptonA. A. Roger ThompsonNicholas W. MorrellStefan J. MarciniakElaine Soonahttps://ror.org/013meh722Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/013meh722Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/013meh722Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/05krs5044Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531623123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531623123?af=R Magnetically actuated microrobotic system for sequential treatment of biofilm https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535216123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceBiofilm’s physical matrix impedes its eradication, and even after removal, the local immune microenvironment remains impaired, preventing tissue repair. Here we present a magnetically actuated microrobotic system for sequential treatment of ... Magnetically actuated microrobotic system for sequential treatment of biofilm doi:10.1073/pnas.2535216123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Shunyao LiYu MeiKai XuHuaixuan ShengYu-an ChenMingda TengBohan XuBingqian JiangChengxuan YuHuizhu LiShiyun ZhaoYi WangXiao ZhangYiyang ZhaoYueming WangYan WoZhaochen LiSiwen ShenYunxia LiMin TangYongfeng MeiJun ChenGaoshan HuangSijia Fengahttps://ror.org/013q1eq08Sports Medicine Institute of Fudan University, Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People’s Republic of Chinabhttps://ror.org/013q1eq08International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of Chinachttps://ror.org/013q1eq08Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Functional Materials, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, People’s Republic of Chinadhttps://ror.org/013q1eq08College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of Chinaehttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of Chinafhttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of Chinaghttps://ror.org/013q1eq08School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of Chinahhttps://ror.org/00t33hh48School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, People’s Republic of Chinaihttps://ror.org/000nbq540International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of ChinajShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535216123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535216123?af=R Fracture-driven weakening amplifies projected ice loss from West Antarctica https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601529123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMost projections of Antarctic ice loss omit fracture mechanics. Using an ice-sheet model that explicitly represents ice damage, we show that fractures accelerate ice flow and amplify sea-level contributions from West Antarctica by up to 4.5-... Fracture-driven weakening amplifies projected ice loss from West Antarctica doi:10.1073/pnas.2601529123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Javier BlascoViolaine CoulonMaaike IzeboudThomas GregovYanjun LiFrank Pattynahttps://ror.org/01r9htc13Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Department of Geosciences, Environment, Society, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, BelgiumbEarth System Complexity Group, Department of Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam 14473, Germanychttps://ror.org/006e5kg04Department of Water and Climate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgiumdhttps://ror.org/019whta54Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and the Environment, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerlandehttps://ror.org/0064kty71School of Atmospheric Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601529123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601529123?af=R Payment integrity in government programs: Takeaways from incorporating the behavioral sciences in US federal evaluations https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525993123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>A primary way the US federal government delivers public goods and services is via monetary payments. Ensuring that these payments are calculated accurately, delivered on time, and made to the correct recipients is important for government fiscal health. ... Payment integrity in government programs: Takeaways from incorporating the behavioral sciences in US federal evaluations doi:10.1073/pnas.2525993123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Maya DuruHanna HooverHeather Barry KappesDavid SchwegmanBrigitte SeimMattie TomaMary Clair Turnerahttps://ror.org/01an7q238School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109chttps://ror.org/0090zs177Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, United KingdomdDepartment of Public Administration and Policy, American University, Washington, DC 20016ehttps://ror.org/017zqws13Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455fhttps://ror.org/01a77tt86Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdomghttps://ror.org/05vzafd60Better Government Lab, McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525993123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525993123?af=R Controlled generation of 3D vortices in driven atomic Josephson junctions https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535111123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding how quantized vortices form, interact, and decay lies at the heart of quantum-fluid dynamics. We introduce a driven atomic Josephson junction as a versatile platform to create and control these excitations with single-cycle ... Controlled generation of 3D vortices in driven atomic Josephson junctions doi:10.1073/pnas.2535111123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Vijay Pal SinghLudwig MatheyHerwig OttLuigi Amicoahttps://ror.org/001kv2y39Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emiratesbhttps://ror.org/00g30e956Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Quantenphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germanychttps://ror.org/0149pv473The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg 22761, Germanydhttps://ror.org/01qrts582Department of Physics, Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535111123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535111123?af=R Morphological and functional diversity of spatially resolved vestibular ganglion neuron cell types https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530677123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe vestibular system—sometimes referred to as the “mysterious sixth sense”—has historically received limited scientific and public attention, despite its critical roles. These range from stabilizing vision through vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)... Morphological and functional diversity of spatially resolved vestibular ganglion neuron cell types doi:10.1073/pnas.2530677123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ruiqi LiuJingyue LiuZhiyu ChenJingying LiZhiyong LiuShuohao Sunahttps://ror.org/00wksha49National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, Chinabhttps://ror.org/03cve4549Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinacPeking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530677123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530677123?af=R Divergent trait controls on soluble sugars and starch underlie global strategies of tree carbohydrate storage https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605066123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePredicting forest responses to climate extremes is a central challenge in ecology. Environmental conditions strongly influence plant carbon balance, yet intrinsic species differences may determine how trees respond within shared environments. ... Divergent trait controls on soluble sugars and starch underlie global strategies of tree carbohydrate storage doi:10.1073/pnas.2605066123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Weibin LiHenry D. AdamsAntoine CabonKailiang YuDrew M. P. PeltierNate McDowellaState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinabObservation Station of Subalpine Ecology Systems in the Middle Qilian Mountains, Zhangye 734000, Chinachttps://ror.org/05dk0ce17School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2812dSwiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerlandehttps://ror.org/02gfc7t72Estación Experimental del Zaidín—Consejo Superior de Investigaciónes Cientificas, Granada 18008, Spainfhttps://ror.org/034t30j35Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Chinaghttps://ror.org/00hx57361High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544hhttps://ror.org/01keh0577School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154ihttps://ror.org/05h992307Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354jhttps://ror.org/05dk0ce17School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605066123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605066123?af=R HIV-1 capsid interactions with Nuclear Pore Complex components support nuclear entry via affinity gradient https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534919123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHIV capsid cores encapsulate viral genomes and must pass through the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) as a necessary step for viral DNA to integrate into the host genome. Despite this vital role in the viral replication cycle, the molecular details ... HIV-1 capsid interactions with Nuclear Pore Complex components support nuclear entry via affinity gradient doi:10.1073/pnas.2534919123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ivo MelčákRyan L. SlackZachary C. LorsonAndres Emanuelli CastanerKrisztina AmbrusJonathan S. WinkjerKaren A. KirbyRobert A. DickStefan G. Sarafianosahttps://ror.org/03czfpz43Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322bhttps://ror.org/050fhx250Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534919123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534919123?af=R Endothelial Arf6 sustains electrical signaling and cerebral blood flow in mice through PIP2-dependent activation of Kir2.1 channels https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2615120123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceActive brain regions send electrical signals through capillaries that dilate upstream arterioles and increase blood flow. The resulting activity-dependent increase in local blood flow (functional hyperemia) is mediated by inward-rectifier ... Endothelial Arf6 sustains electrical signaling and cerebral blood flow in mice through PIP2-dependent activation of Kir2.1 channels doi:10.1073/pnas.2615120123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Maria F. Noterman-SoulinthavongMaría SanchoSaúl Huerta de la CruzMichael YarboroMaurizio MandalàMasayo KoideNathalie BeaufortKatalin Todorov-VölgyiEmma MorelandDavid Hill-EubanksMartin DichgansMark T. Nelsonahttps://ror.org/0155zta11Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405bhttps://ror.org/02p0gd045Department of Physiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spainchttps://ror.org/02rc97e94Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Calabria 87036, Italydhttps://ror.org/02fa5cb34Department of Translational Stroke and Dementia Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germanyehttps://ror.org/025z3z560Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich 81377, Germanyfhttps://ror.org/043j0f473German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germanyghttps://ror.org/031t5w623German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich 81377, Germanyhhttps://ror.org/027m9bs27Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2615120123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2615120123?af=R Sex- and experience-dependent regulation of synaptic protein turnover https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602111123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhile most proteins are rapidly synthesized and degraded, a subset of synaptic proteins exhibit remarkable stability. The role of these long-lived synaptic proteins is still enigmatic but could regulate synapse function. Furthermore, it is not ... Sex- and experience-dependent regulation of synaptic protein turnover doi:10.1073/pnas.2602111123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Seok HeoShiyu ZhangDong-Gi MunAkhilesh PandeyAlexei M. BygraveRichard L. Huganirahttps://ror.org/00za53h95Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205bhttps://ror.org/05wvpxv85Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111chttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905dhttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602111123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602111123?af=R Shared neurogenetic substrates of nonplanning impulsivity and procrastination https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605127123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceProcrastination is a puzzling human behavior compromising survival-relevant outcomes, yet remains both widespread and moderately heritable. Although it has been theoretically framed as the evolutionary byproduct of impulsivity, empirical ... Shared neurogenetic substrates of nonplanning impulsivity and procrastination doi:10.1073/pnas.2605127123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Yuanyuan HuJie XiangYuening JinQingchen FanChangshuo WangYihan WuDang ZhengYancheng TangWei LiBowen HuTingyong FengYuan ZhouZhiyi Chenahttps://ror.org/03j7v5j15State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Chinabhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chinachttps://ror.org/01kj4z117Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, Chinadhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57Sino-Danish Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, Chinaehttps://ror.org/05f950310Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven 3000, BelgiumfDepartment of Early Childhood Education, China National Children’s Center, Beijing 100035, Chinaghttps://ror.org/05w21nn13Experimental Research Center of Medical and Psychological Science, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, Chinahhttps://ror.org/022k4wk35State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, Chinaihttps://ror.org/021ky1s64The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, ChinajKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605127123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605127123?af=R Arabidopsis BSL phosphatases regulate zygote polarity through a brassinosteroid-independent essential function in MAP kinase signaling https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532666123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe shoot–root axis of plants can be traced back to polar growth and division of the zygote. After fertilization, the zygote elongates and divides asymmetrically into a small apical daughter, which forms the shoot as well as part of the root, ... Arabidopsis BSL phosphatases regulate zygote polarity through a brassinosteroid-independent essential function in MAP kinase signaling doi:10.1073/pnas.2532666123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Sangho JeongGabriel EschedorMagdy AlabadyWolfgang LukowitzaDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532666123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532666123?af=R Cell competition overcomes host tissue resistance to unleash tumor growth in a Drosophila brain cancer model https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523832123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow tumors bypass the physical and functional constraints of the host tissue remains a central question in cancer biology. While cell competition has been proposed as a key process, its roles, mechanisms, and the cell types involved remain ... Cell competition overcomes host tissue resistance to unleash tumor growth in a Drosophila brain cancer model doi:10.1073/pnas.2523832123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Marco GualtieriSaline JabreDamien MornicoMaëlwenn HamonGaëlle LetortCédric MaurangePauline Spéderahttps://ror.org/05f82e368Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3738, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, Francebhttps://ror.org/02en5vm52Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, ED515, Paris 75005, Francechttps://ror.org/0495fxg12Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris 75015, Francedhttps://ror.org/0495fxg12CNRS UMR 3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, FranceeAix Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille 13009, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523832123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523832123?af=R Probing anharmonic and heterogeneous carrier dynamics across sublattice melting in a minimal model superionic conductor https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605867123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhy ions in some crystals flow like a liquid while the lattice remains solid is a long-standing puzzle. Using a simple, chemically neutral model of a superionic conductor, we show that the emergence of liquid-like ionic transport arises not ... Probing anharmonic and heterogeneous carrier dynamics across sublattice melting in a minimal model superionic conductor doi:10.1073/pnas.2605867123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Sucharita NiyogiTakenobu NakamuraGenki KobayashiYasunobu AndoTakeshi Kawasakiahttps://ror.org/035t8zc32Large-Scale Computational Science Research Division, D3 Center, The University of Osaka, Toyonaka 560–0043, Japanbhttps://ror.org/035t8zc32Department of Physics, The University of Osaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japanchttps://ror.org/04chrp450Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464–8601, Japandhttps://ror.org/01703db54Department of Materials and Chemistry Materials DX Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305–8568, JapaneSolid State Chemistry Laboratory, Pioneering Research Institute (PRI), RIKEN, Saitama 351–0198, Japanfhttps://ror.org/05dqf9946Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Kanagawa 226–8501, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605867123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605867123?af=R Identification of cellular intermediates unveils unique enzymes for flagellar glycan biosynthesis in Clostridioides difficile https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604811123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceA sugar modification found on the flagella of the human pathogenClostridioides difficile, known as the Type A glycan, is important for virulence. Its structure is highly unusual, and the enzymatic steps and intermediates required for its ... Identification of cellular intermediates unveils unique enzymes for flagellar glycan biosynthesis in Clostridioides difficile doi:10.1073/pnas.2604811123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Paul J. HensbergenBob van PuffelenNina MuschAugustinus N. A. AmmerlaanPaul L. C. ZuidgeestLoes van HuijkelomRembrandt J. V. KanbierMaaike M. VetXuan S. ZhengPranav V. N. BhamidipatiMartin F. LarraldeNiek BlombergSarantos KostidisPeter A. van VeelenRobert A. CordfunkeJordy van AngerenArnoud H. de RuZachary W. B. ArmstrongWiep Klaas SmitsDmitri V. FilippovMartin GieraJeroen D. C. CodéeJeroen Corverahttps://ror.org/05xvt9f17Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlandsbhttps://ror.org/027bh9e22Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlandschttps://ror.org/05xvt9f17Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 ZA, The NetherlandsdMolecular Systems Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germanyehttps://ror.org/05xvt9f17Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604811123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604811123?af=R Physical encounters impose a consistency–amount trade-off on bacterial group formation in marine environments https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521542123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePhysical associations among bacteria enable the emergence of group-level behaviors from cellular-scale interactions. Yet, predicting the ecological conditions in which physical associations advantage groups remains a challenge. Here we show ... Physical encounters impose a consistency–amount trade-off on bacterial group formation in marine environments doi:10.1073/pnas.2521542123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Thomas C. DayJulia A. Schwartzmanahttps://ror.org/03taz7m60Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089bhttps://ror.org/03taz7m60Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521542123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521542123?af=R Costunolide ameliorates autoimmune uveitis by targeting USP15 to suppress TNF-α-induced retinal endothelial inflammation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533845123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAutoimmune uveitis is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, yet current treatments rely heavily on broad immunosuppression leading to substantial systemic side effects. Here, we identify a small terpenoid compound, costunolide (COS), that ... Costunolide ameliorates autoimmune uveitis by targeting USP15 to suppress TNF-α-induced retinal endothelial inflammation doi:10.1073/pnas.2533845123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Yu GaoXingran LiLingyu DaiXiang LuoGuannan SuKai ShiLing ChenPeizeng Yangahttps://ror.org/033vnzz93Ophthalmology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing 400016, Chinabhttps://ror.org/013q1eq08Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533845123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533845123?af=R A ligandable PNT domain establishes ERG as a directly targetable oncogenic driver in prostate cancer https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537437123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceTheTMPRSS2:ERGgene fusion is the most common oncogenic driver in prostate cancer, yet the ERG transcription factor has long been considered undruggable due to the absence of known ligand-binding sites. This study overturns that paradigm by ... A ligandable PNT domain establishes ERG as a directly targetable oncogenic driver in prostate cancer doi:10.1073/pnas.2537437123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Xiaoju WangWenyan LiuJiehao YangJean Ching-Yi TienYu ChangRahul MannanSomnath MahapatraYang ZhouLihao GanXuhong CaoJiayi ZhouYuping ZhangSharpkate ShakerYichao HuangHang QiaoRudana HamadehGrafton ErvineCynthia WangFengyun SuRui WangLanbo XiaoRaghunath Ranga SudharshanArvind RaoZaneta Nikolovska-ColeskaCole StephensLifeng PanJames J. ChouDebashish SahuJeanne StuckeyZhen WangKe DingArul M. Chinnaiyanahttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109chttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109dhttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of ChinaeInternational Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511400, People’s Republic of Chinafhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109ghttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109hhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Medicinal Chemistry Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109ihttps://ror.org/00jmfr291BioNMR Core Facility, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109jhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109khttps://ror.org/00jmfr291HHMI, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109lhttps://ror.org/00jmfr291Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537437123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537437123?af=R Covalent phytobilin adducts of GUN4 implicate a photoprotective mechanism in chlorophyll biosynthesis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533100123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePhotosynthetic organisms rely on biosynthesis of chlorophylls. The first committed step in chlorophyll biosynthesis is carried out by magnesium chelatase, a multisubunit enzyme comprising CHLH, CHLI, and CHLD subunits. Oxygenic photosynthetic ... Covalent phytobilin adducts of GUN4 implicate a photoprotective mechanism in chlorophyll biosynthesis doi:10.1073/pnas.2533100123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Yan WangChunhui HouNathan C. RockwellPawel BrzezowskiWeiqing ZhangXiahe HuangQiuling FanYingchun WangBernhard GrimmJ. Clark LagariasDeqiang Duanmuahttps://ror.org/023b72294National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Bio-X, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Chinabhttps://ror.org/05rrcem69Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616chttps://ror.org/01dr6c206Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 30-239, Polanddhttps://ror.org/01hcx6992Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germanyehttps://ror.org/023rhb549Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, Chinafhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Chinaghttps://ror.org/0313jb750Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533100123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533100123?af=R The structure of correlated variability reflects task-relevant information in sensory neurons https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523217123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe brain must continually decide which aspects of sensory information are relevant for current goals while ignoring others. We found that the shared trial-to-trial variability of visual neurons identifies the sensory information that is most ... The structure of correlated variability reflects task-relevant information in sensory neurons doi:10.1073/pnas.2523217123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ramanujan SrinathYunlong XuDouglas A. RuffAmy M. NiBrent DoironMarlene R. Cohenahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bhttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637chttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523217123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523217123?af=R Dendritic morphology and synaptic nonlinearities enhance functional complexity in human cortical neurons https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533168123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhat makes human cognition distinctive may begin at the level of single neurons. We introduce the Functional Complexity Index (FCI), a deep-learning-based measure that quantifies the input–output complexity of individual cells. Applying FCI to ... Dendritic morphology and synaptic nonlinearities enhance functional complexity in human cortical neurons doi:10.1073/pnas.2533168123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Ido AizenbudDaniela YoeliDavid BeniaguevChristiaan P. J. de KockMichael LondonIdan Segevahttps://ror.org/03qxff017The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israelbhttps://ror.org/008xxew50Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlandschttps://ror.org/03qxff017Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533168123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533168123?af=R Transregional astrocyte-dependent metaplasticity in the hippocampus https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536065123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study documents the existence of a transregional metaplasticity that traverses from area CA1 to the dentate gyrus across the hippocampal fissure. This reveals a long-distance crosstalk within the hippocampus that is in addition to the ... Transregional astrocyte-dependent metaplasticity in the hippocampus doi:10.1073/pnas.2536065123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Shruthi SateeshBarbara J. LoganMiki SuzukiDavid StellwagenWickliffe C. Abrahamahttps://ror.org/01jmxt844Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealandbhttps://ror.org/01692sz90Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Juntendo University, Chiba 279-0013, Japanchttps://ror.org/04pemf943Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536065123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536065123?af=R Intracellular structural modifications of natural peptidoglycan fragments preceding NOD2 signaling in mammalian cells https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535544123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceNOD2 detection of bacterial peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) is fundamental to host defense and gut homeostasis. However, the mechanisms governing PGN processing that regulate NOD2 signaling in mammalian cells remain poorly defined. Here, we ... Intracellular structural modifications of natural peptidoglycan fragments preceding NOD2 signaling in mammalian cells doi:10.1073/pnas.2535544123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Shiliu FengChristopher AdamsonChenyu LiEvan Wei Long NgYuan Qiaoahttps://ror.org/02e7b5302School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535544123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535544123?af=R Structural insights into the nairovirus nucleoprotein endonuclease activity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602311123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceNairoviruses are emerging tick-borne pathogens with limited therapeutic options. Their nucleoproteins (NPs) are generally regarded as structural components required for viral genome packaging. In this work, we show that the NP of a ... Structural insights into the nairovirus nucleoprotein endonuclease activity doi:10.1073/pnas.2602311123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Zan LiShan DuFeng GaoYanshuang XiaoQilu WengWenni ZhangPufei ChenWenbo XuYuanzhi WangQuan LiuYan WuLitao Sunahttps://ror.org/0064kty71School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Chinabhttps://ror.org/034t30j35Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, Chinachttps://ror.org/047272k79School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, AustraliadDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Infectious diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Changchun 130021, Chinaehttps://ror.org/03hcmxw73Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, Chinafhttps://ror.org/013xs5b60Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Chinaghttps://ror.org/0064kty71Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602311123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602311123?af=R Human and animal morbillivirus strains causing chronic neurological infections share key genotypic and phenotypic traits https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604205123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe decline in measles vaccination coverage worldwide is expected to lead to an increasing incidence of late central nervous system (CNS) complications of measles, such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Here, we identify SSPE-like ... Human and animal morbillivirus strains causing chronic neurological infections share key genotypic and phenotypic traits doi:10.1073/pnas.2604205123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Melvin Daniel RojiFranziska GeiselhardtGeorg BeythienKristin LaudeleyMonica MiroloWendy K. JoLaura MartinoAndreas BeinekeWolfgang BaumgärtnerMartin PetersJudith M. A. van den BrandTrine H. JensenThijs KuikenJohannes P. M. LangedijkMariano DomingoAlbert D. M. E. OsterhausMartin LudlowaResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover 30559, GermanybDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover 30559, Germanychttps://ror.org/052g8jq94Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Facultat de Veterniària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, SpaindChemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg 59821, Germanyehttps://ror.org/04pp8hn57Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The NetherlandsfSealcentre Pieterburen, Pieterburen 9968 AG, The Netherlandsghttps://ror.org/018906e22Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam 3015 GD, The NetherlandshForgeBio BV, Amsterdam 1018 BM, The Netherlands Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604205123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604205123?af=R Chaos-generating periodic orbits of topological defects in confined active nematics https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516670123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceCrowded collections of elongated objects often orient along a common direction in a phenomenon known as nematic ordering. In recent years, a variant of this phenomenon known as “active nematics” has been identified as important to the dynamics ... Chaos-generating periodic orbits of topological defects in confined active nematics doi:10.1073/pnas.2516670123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Brandon KleinAlejandro J. Soto FrancoMd Mainul Hasan SabbirMatthew J. DeutschRoss KliegmanRobin L. B. SelingerKevin A. MitchellDaniel A. Bellerahttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218bhttps://ror.org/00za53h95Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218chttps://ror.org/00d9ah105Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA 95344dhttps://ror.org/049pfb863Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242ehttps://ror.org/049pfb863Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2516670123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516670123?af=R Diffusion-induced instabilities promote cooperation in eco-evolutionary networks https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530131123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceCooperation underpins the stability of social, ecological, and microbial systems, yet it is continually threatened by defectors that exploit shared resources. We show that asymmetric mobility between cooperators and defectors can fundamentally ... Diffusion-induced instabilities promote cooperation in eco-evolutionary networks doi:10.1073/pnas.2530131123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Sourav RoyMd Sayeed AnwarTimoteo CarlettiMatjaž PercDibakar Ghoshahttps://ror.org/02swff503Bagchi School of Public Health, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, Indiabhttps://ror.org/00djv2c17Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, Indiachttps://ror.org/03d1maw17Department of Mathematics, Namur Institute for Complex Systems–naXys, University of Namur, Namur B 5000, Belgiumdhttps://ror.org/01d5jce07Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, SloveniaeCommunity Healthcare Center Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Maribor 2000, Sloveniafhttps://ror.org/01zqcg218Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreagUniversity College, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Koreahhttps://ror.org/00q2w1j53Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530131123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530131123?af=R Why human societies adopt rigid moral rules: The efficiency–robustness trade-off https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535467123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceHuman moral life is governed by rigid rules. Across societies, people rely on categorical prohibitions and duties—do not lie, do not steal, always keep your promises—even when they recognize compelling reasons to make exceptions. Using a ... Why human societies adopt rigid moral rules: The efficiency–robustness trade-off doi:10.1073/pnas.2535467123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Julien Lie-PanisLéo FitouchiNicolas BaumardJean-Baptiste Andréahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadachttps://ror.org/0534re684Max Planck Research Group Dynamics of Social Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön 24306, Germanydhttps://ror.org/01ahyrz84Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse 31080, Franceehttps://ror.org/02d9dg697Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’études Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535467123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535467123?af=R Physically intelligent capsule robots with embodied memory and logic in the gastrointestinal tract https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605060123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceClinical diagnostic and therapeutic “gold standards” remain reliant on invasive tethered devices, and physician-subjective judgment, leading to user-dependent issues for clinicians and insufficiently addressing patient needs for early ... Physically intelligent capsule robots with embodied memory and logic in the gastrointestinal tract doi:10.1073/pnas.2605060123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Huyue ChenXurui LiuJiahai MaYishen ZhaoChaoyu YangKai-Fung ChanPhilip Wai Yan ChiuLei ShaoWenming ZhangLi ZhangQiguang HeMetin Sittiahttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00jzwgz36School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiyechttps://ror.org/04fq9j139Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germanydhttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Chinaehttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Chinafhttps://ror.org/00t33hh48Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Chinaghttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Global College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chinahhttps://ror.org/0220qvk04State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605060123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605060123?af=R High-resolution structure of monomorphic Aβ1-40 fibrils https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603575123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which affects more than 50 M people worldwide, the principal component of senile plaques is the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, predominantly existing in two alloforms: Aβ1-40and Aβ1-42. Aβ1-42is recognized for its ... High-resolution structure of monomorphic Aβ1-40 fibrils doi:10.1073/pnas.2603575123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Salima BahriRavi Shankar PalaniRobert SilversBrian MichaelVeronica LattanziIngemar AndréSara LinseRobert G. Griffinahttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bhttps://ror.org/05g3dte14Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306chttps://ror.org/012a77v79Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE 22100, Sweden Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603575123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603575123?af=R Mesoscale developmental rivalry in the human extrastriate visual cortex https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600746123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn this study, we leveraged high-resolution functional MRI to characterize the fine-scale functional organization of the visual cortex in individuals with atypical development caused by amblyopia (lazy eye) and controls. We found that the ... Mesoscale developmental rivalry in the human extrastriate visual cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2600746123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Shahin NasrJan SkerswetatBryan KennedyMarianna E. SchmidtEric D. GaierAntony B. MorlandPeter BexDavid G. Hunterahttps://ror.org/002pd6e78Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129bDepartment of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115dhttps://ror.org/04gyf1771Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617ehttps://ror.org/0387jng26Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, GermanyfMax Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig 04103, GermanygDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115hDepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston’s Children Hospital, Boston, MA 02115ihttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139jhttps://ror.org/04m01e293Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600746123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600746123?af=R Liquid–liquid phase separation enables chromatography-free purification and high-performance spidroin-amyloid hybrid silk fibers https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601661123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe commercial success of artificial spider silk has been limited by inefficient protein production and costly purification methods. Here, we present a strategy addressing both challenges by combining protein engineering with a purification ... Liquid–liquid phase separation enables chromatography-free purification and high-performance spidroin-amyloid hybrid silk fibers doi:10.1073/pnas.2601661123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Karin TufvessonViktoria LangwallnerTomas Bohn PessattiGabriele GrecoElin KarlssonSarah StadlmayrAxel LeppertMichael LandrehAnna RisingBenjamin Schmuckahttps://ror.org/02yy8x990Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Swedenbhttps://ror.org/00s6t1f81Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italychttps://ror.org/056d84691Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 57, Swedendhttps://ror.org/048a87296Department for Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Swedenehttps://ror.org/056d84691Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 65, Sweden Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601661123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601661123?af=R Inhibition of elastin degradation alleviates joint degeneration in aging mice, dogs, and human models https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537622123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceCartilage matrix accounts for more than 95% of cartilage volume and progressively degrades during osteoarthritis. Although many studies focus on intracellular pathway alterations, the roles of degraded matrix remain largely unknown. Our ... Inhibition of elastin degradation alleviates joint degeneration in aging mice, dogs, and human models doi:10.1073/pnas.2537622123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Junzhi YiXiao XiaoHui ZhangXinjie XuKeyu ChenXinqi CaiYutao ZhuXianan MoShihan XiongZhichu ChenHairu SuiJiaChun WuJiaqi XuXuri ChenYan WuZi YinYouzhi CaiXianzhu ZhangJing ZhouHua LiuHongwei OuyangaDepartment of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinabLi Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Chinachttps://ror.org/05m1p5x56Department of Sports Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, ChinadChina Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou 310058, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537622123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537622123?af=R Circadian screening of neutrophils identifies therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536812123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceUsing a circadian screen in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we identify neutrophils as presymptomatic disease markers in blood. Transcriptomics of central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating ... Circadian screening of neutrophils identifies therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis doi:10.1073/pnas.2536812123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Francesco De VirgiliisColine BarnoudWenyan HeQun ZengRobert PickTianyue SunStéphane JemelinValeria Maria OlivaTiphaine FurlanCarmen Picon-MuñozDoron MerklerChristoph Scheiermannahttps://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerlandbhttps://ror.org/01swzsf04Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, SwitzerlandcTranslational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Geneva 1211, Switzerlanddhttps://ror.org/01swzsf04Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerlandehttps://ror.org/05591te55Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536812123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536812123?af=R Mapping the dialogue: Decoding alveolar stem–niche interactions https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606113123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAlveolar Type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells and their surrounding fibroblast niche collaborate to preserve the lung’s gas-exchange surface. When this partnership breaks down, it contributes to lung adenocarcinoma and degenerative lung diseases. We ... Mapping the dialogue: Decoding alveolar stem–niche interactions doi:10.1073/pnas.2606113123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Ahmad N. NabhanAnne BitonChristine EverettConrad FooDiana WuJoshua D. WebsterAlina A. AlamElisa PennaSandra RostNeha RohatgiRohit RejaRanel J. TulpanoShiqi XieCeline EidenschenkKim NewtonJoseph R. ArronVishva M. Dixitahttps://ror.org/01an7q238Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bDepartment of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080cComputational Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080dDepartment of Molecular Discovery and Cancer Cell Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080eDepartment of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080fRoche Informatics, Hoffman-La Roche Canada, Mississauga, ON, CanadagDepartment of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606113123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606113123?af=R Circulating PEG-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ameliorates diverse inflammatory diseases without toxicity or compromising immunocompetence https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602536123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceTreating autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases faces many challenges, such as therapeutic delivery to the diseased area and wide-spread immunosuppression. This work demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of the immunomodulatory enzyme ... Circulating PEG-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ameliorates diverse inflammatory diseases without toxicity or compromising immunocompetence doi:10.1073/pnas.2602536123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Jennifer A. SimonovichRyan A. ClarkAlexander J. KwiatkowskiMadeline J. FuchsMariana E. VisoChen LuSabrina L. MaciasIsabella PintoAbhishek P. ShresthaTran B. NgoSergio DuarteYong HeQiongyao HuGuanyi LuJoseph B. HartmanGang SuSalvatore T. ScaliScott A. BerceliAshish K. SharmaGilbert R. UpchurchShamima IslamArun WanchooGregory A. HudallaScott T. RobinsonAli ZarrinparDorina AvramBenjamin G. Keselowskyahttps://ror.org/02y3ad647J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610bhttps://ror.org/02y3ad647Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610chttps://ror.org/02y3ad647Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610dDepartment of Surgery,Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608ehttps://ror.org/01xf75524Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612fhttps://ror.org/032db5x82Department of Oncological Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602536123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602536123?af=R Opportunity and risk in achieving food production and conservation goals at high altitude: Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600030123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe conflict between food production and conservation is a key challenge for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. As the highest and largest plateau, the Tibetan Plateau combines high conservation value with ecosystem ... Opportunity and risk in achieving food production and conservation goals at high altitude: Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau doi:10.1073/pnas.2600030123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Lijing WangStephen PolaskyFei LuColleen R. MillerLingxiao YingYi XiaoZhiyun Ouyangahttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, Chinabhttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108chttps://ror.org/017zqws13Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600030123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600030123?af=R Structural basis of complement anaphylatoxin receptor activation by an immunostimulant lead candidate https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614459123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceComplement anaphylatoxins such as C3a and C5a bind and activate prototypical G protein–coupled receptors such as C3aR and C5aR1. These receptors play a crucial role in combating pathogenic infections via eliciting innate immune responses and ... Structural basis of complement anaphylatoxin receptor activation by an immunostimulant lead candidate doi:10.1073/pnas.2614459123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Annu DalalManish K. YadavManisankar GangulySudha MishraRavi YadavShachie SinhaNabarun RoyDivyanshu TiwariDebdatta MukherjeeAshna ReyazCalvin A. DsouzaAmeesha NigamNilanjana BanerjeeXaria X. LiRichard J. ClarkTrent M. WoodruffRamanuj BanerjeeCornelius GatiArun K. Shuklaahttps://ror.org/05pjsgx75Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Indiabhttps://ror.org/03taz7m60Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089chttps://ror.org/03taz7m60The Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089dhttps://ror.org/00rqy9422School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2614459123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614459123?af=R Per os infectivity factors are essential for bracovirus infection and wasp parasitism https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609861123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePer os infectivity factors (PIFs) were first identified in baculoviruses as essential for infection of host midgut cells. Many other invertebrate large DNA viruses also possess PIF homologs. However, nudivirus derived agents like bracoviruses ... Per os infectivity factors are essential for bracovirus infection and wasp parasitism doi:10.1073/pnas.2609861123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Xi WangZhe LinFei WangHengrui HuHeya NaTao ZhangJust M. VlakZhen ZouManli WangZhihong Huahttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Chinabhttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Chinachttps://ror.org/04qw24q55Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609861123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609861123?af=R Dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport in immune cells mediates gut–brain ROS signaling during sleep deprivation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530907123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceOxidative stress is a common feature of many central and peripheral diseases and contributes significantly to disease progression. Therefore, understanding the early upstream mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is ... Dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport in immune cells mediates gut–brain ROS signaling during sleep deprivation doi:10.1073/pnas.2530907123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Yan ZhangJae-Hyuk LeeZiqi YuYinrui TaoSuman RimalYanzi HeLei LvBingwei LuYong Pingahttps://ror.org/0220qvk04Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chinabhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305chttps://ror.org/01an7q238Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720dMinistry of Education, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530907123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530907123?af=R Regional variability but global flux balance in the deep sulfur cycle https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611196123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe deep sulfur cycle links Earth’s interior to its surface, affecting ore formation, climate, and habitability. By tracking sulfur from seafloor to volcanoes, we find that subduction zones vary widely in how much sulfur they recycle—yet ... Regional variability but global flux balance in the deep sulfur cycle doi:10.1073/pnas.2611196123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Ji-Lei LiJay J. AgueTimm JohnBotao LiPeter D. CliftEsther M. SchwarzenbachJun Gaoahttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, Chinabhttps://ror.org/03v76x132Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511chttps://ror.org/046ak2485Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin D-12449, Germanydhttps://ror.org/04gcegc37State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Chinaehttps://ror.org/02jx3x895Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BS, United Kingdomfhttps://ror.org/05vmz5070Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 70-383, Polandghttps://ror.org/022fs9h90Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerlandhhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611196123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611196123?af=R Spatially structured heterogeneity shapes large-scale cortical dynamics in a model of the human cortex https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532072123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceBiological heterogeneity is a hallmark of brain organization, spanning molecular to anatomical scales, yet its impact on large-scale dynamics has remained largely unexplored. Here, we integrate spatially structured regional heterogeneity ... Spatially structured heterogeneity shapes large-scale cortical dynamics in a model of the human cortex doi:10.1073/pnas.2532072123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Leonardo Dalla PortaJan FousekAlain DestexheMaria V. Sanchez-VivesaInstitute of Biomedical Investigations August Pi i Sunyer, Systems Neuroscience, Barcelona 08036, SpainbCentral European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 65691, Czech Republicchttps://ror.org/002v40q27Department for Integrative and Computational Neuroscience, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay 91400, Francedhttps://ror.org/0371hy230Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532072123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532072123?af=R Glycolipids slow interfacial proton migration while preserving surface proton retention https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537390123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceProtons can migrate along membrane surfaces to link distant proton pumps and proton-consuming enzymes, but the membrane features that control this migration are not well understood. While membrane charge exerts only a limited influence, we now ... Glycolipids slow interfacial proton migration while preserving surface proton retention doi:10.1073/pnas.2537390123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Anna MaznichenkoPeter PohlaInstitute of Biophysics, Department of Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537390123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537390123?af=R mRNA lipid nanoparticle cancer vaccine platform delivering multiple STING activators for enhanced antitumor activity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525718123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) cancer vaccines provide a versatile and clinically validated platform to stimulate antitumor immunity, but their efficacy is often limited by inefficient mRNA delivery and insufficient dendritic cell ... mRNA lipid nanoparticle cancer vaccine platform delivering multiple STING activators for enhanced antitumor activity doi:10.1073/pnas.2525718123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Ye ZengJunchao XuJinjin WangLulu XueJiageng LiuHannah C. GeislerXu MaJilian R. MelamedQiangqiang ShiMarshall S. PadillaZhangyi LuoJingcheng ZhuAjay S. ThatteChristian G. Figueroa-EspadaMelgious Jin Yan AngAmanda M. MurrayHannah M. YamagataDongyoon KimAnn E. MetzloffDrew WeissmanMichael J. Mitchellahttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bhttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104chttps://ror.org/04f49ff35Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, Chinadhttps://ror.org/036wvzt09Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Republic of Singapore, Singapore 138668, Singaporeehttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104fhttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104ghttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104hhttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104ihttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104jhttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Center for Precision Engineering for Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525718123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525718123?af=R Topological expansion of Boehm’s brushes via structured light https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532243123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe human eye can perceive subtle polarization patterns in light, revealing structural features of the retina without invasive imaging. We identified a visual phenomenon in which structured light manifesting a spatially varying polarization ... Topological expansion of Boehm’s brushes via structured light doi:10.1073/pnas.2532243123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Dmitry A. PushinIman SalehiAmy ChowAndrew E. SilvaPinki ChahalDavid G. CoryMukhit KulmaganbetovGary P. MissonNaume ShentevskiTaranjit SinghShelby E. TempleBenjamin ThompsonDusan Sarenacahttps://ror.org/01aff2v68Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canadabhttps://ror.org/01aff2v68Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canadachttps://ror.org/01aff2v68School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, CanadadIncoherent Vision Inc., Wellesley, ON N0B2T0, CanadaeCentre for Eye and Vision Research, Shatin, Hong Kongfhttps://ror.org/0162z8b04Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209ghttps://ror.org/01y64my43Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260hhttps://ror.org/01aff2v68Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canadaihttps://ror.org/05j0ve876School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdomjhttps://ror.org/0524sp257Division of Research and Innovation, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, United KingdomkAzul Optics Ltd., Henleaze, Bristol BS9 4QG, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532243123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532243123?af=R Helfrich walls in nematic toroidal droplets in the presence of magnetic fields https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603043123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceDefects are ubiquitous in physics. They appear in phase transitions and affect material properties. Among them, nonsingular walls are 2D structures that are relatively rare and often form in uncontrolled ways. In nematic liquid crystals, ... Helfrich walls in nematic toroidal droplets in the presence of magnetic fields doi:10.1073/pnas.2603043123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Javier Rojo-GonzalezCharlotte G. SlaughterPeter J. CollingsJay KikkawaArjun G. YodhAlberto Fernandez-Nievesahttps://ror.org/021018s57Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spainbhttps://ror.org/021018s57Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spainchttps://ror.org/00b30xv10Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dhttps://ror.org/0371hy230Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603043123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603043123?af=R IL-13 signaling in cDC2 is required for systemic anaphylactic responses https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608478123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceCutaneous allergen sensitization (CAS) drives atopic dermatitis and initiates the “atopic march” toward systemic anaphylaxis. Although interleukin-13 (IL-13) is known to influence the development of high-affinity IgE, the specific cellular ... IL-13 signaling in cDC2 is required for systemic anaphylactic responses doi:10.1073/pnas.2608478123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Yasuyo HaradaTakanori SasakiKazushige Obata-NinomiyaTakahiro MatsuyamaSatoshi UehaShigeyuki ShichinoTakashi WatanabeShuhei OgawaSewon KiYoshie SuzukiNaoto ItoYasutaka MotomuraHideki UenoSteven F. ZieglerHiromasa InouePeter BurrowsBrian S. KimKenneth M. MurphyMasato Kuboahttps://ror.org/05sj3n476Division of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, JapanbDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japanchttps://ror.org/04j9rp686Benaroya Research Institute, Center for Fundamental Immunology, Seattle, WA 98101-2795dhttps://ror.org/03ss88z23Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0075, Japanehttps://ror.org/05sj3n476Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, JapanfLaboratory for Integrative Genomics, Center for Integrative Medical Science, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japanghttps://ror.org/05sj3n476Division of Integrated Research, Tokyo University of Science, CNoda-shi, hiba 278-0022, JapanhLaboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japanihttps://ror.org/05sj3n476Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japanjhttps://ror.org/02kpeqv85Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japankhttps://ror.org/008s83205Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294lhttps://ror.org/04a9tmd77Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019mhttps://ror.org/01d0zv889Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY 10019nhttps://ror.org/01yc7t268Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110ohttps://ror.org/02kpeqv85Kyoto University Immunomonitoring Center, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608478123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608478123?af=R A phase oscillator model of cell cycles reveals nuclear density control in a branched fungal network https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534542123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceMultinucleate cells appear in diverse biological contexts, from human tissues to filamentous fungi, yet many fundamental aspects of their cell biology are still unclear. Regulating the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is important across cell ... A phase oscillator model of cell cycles reveals nuclear density control in a branched fungal network doi:10.1073/pnas.2534542123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Grace A. McLaughlinBenjamin M. StormoAmeya P. JalihalTaylor L. PompanMadhav ManiTimothy C. ElstonAmy S. Gladfelterahttps://ror.org/0130frc33Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599bhttps://ror.org/00py81415Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705cDepartment of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208dhttps://ror.org/0130frc33Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599ehttps://ror.org/0130frc33Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534542123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534542123?af=R SpyCEP dismantles neutrophil immunity via disorder-driven chemokine remodeling and GAG targeting https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520164123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceStreptococcus pyogenesevades neutrophil-mediated immunity by secreting the protease SpyCEP, which inactivates chemokines such as CXCL8; however, the mechanism by which SpyCEP targets CXCL8 for cleavage has remained unclear. This work uncovers ... SpyCEP dismantles neutrophil immunity via disorder-driven chemokine remodeling and GAG targeting doi:10.1073/pnas.2520164123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Rikin J. LauSean P. GiblinAndra SugarAntonio Di MaioGiulio TassiniKristin HuseDror ChorevYuan ChenGrace Ho-Yan WuCamilla Berg HuemerSeung Yon KimJayden MatthewsBel MuloudLu ChenSophie McKennaYingqi XuLuisa MassaiChiara MuzziXhenti FerhatiFrancesca NecchiDanilo Gomes MorielTen FeiziYan LiuJames E. PeaseShiranee SriskandanSteve Matthewsahttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/041kmwe10National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United KingdomeGlaxoSmithKline Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena 53100, Italyfhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United KingdomgCTM Technologies and Materials Ltd., Ness-Ziona 7403626, Israel Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520164123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520164123?af=R The combinatorial innexin code of heterochannel electrical synapses governs synaptic function and is maintained by distinct cellular mechanisms https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602614123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study identifies previously uncharacterized organizational principles of electrical synapses, describes their functional significance, and elucidates mechanisms underlying their regulation and plasticity. Contrary to the prevailing ... The combinatorial innexin code of heterochannel electrical synapses governs synaptic function and is maintained by distinct cellular mechanisms doi:10.1073/pnas.2602614123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Atal VatsMuraleedharan SudhanandAnanya BandyopadhyayMarlyn Xavier MascarenhasNayantara VarmaSandhya Padmanabhan KoushikaAbhishek Bhattacharyaahttps://ror.org/03ht1xw27National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Indiabhttps://ror.org/03ht1xw27Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602614123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602614123?af=R A DNA break-5mC cycle activates transposable elements in Arabidopsis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529943123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificancePlant genomes incur frequent DNA lesions from environmental stress and endogenous metabolism, yet how these lesions influence the epigenome and transposable element (TE) activity remains unclear. We report that impairing the repair of single-... A DNA break-5mC cycle activates transposable elements in Arabidopsis doi:10.1073/pnas.2529943123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Wenjie LiangHaokai CaoChen ZouXindong TongYongbo MaYitong ShenXue HanYilin ZhangBinglian ZhengJinchao Liahttps://ror.org/013q1eq08School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, Chinabhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 261000, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529943123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529943123?af=R Spontaneous phase separation and pattern formation in a lyotropic nematic mixture https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604649123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceLiquid crystals are widely used in technology, yet their behavior in mixtures with simple liquids remains ill-understood, because molecular orientation, elasticity, and interfaces interact in complex ways. Chromonic materials such as Sunset ... Spontaneous phase separation and pattern formation in a lyotropic nematic mixture doi:10.1073/pnas.2604649123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Ana BensabatÓrlaith SkeltonJochen ArltMarko BjelogrlićDavide MarenduzzoGiuseppe NegroTyler N. ShendrukTiffany A. Woodahttps://ror.org/01nrxwf90School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604649123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604649123?af=R Provable cluster-preserving visualizations with curvature-based stochastic neighbor embeddings https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509171123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceWidely adopted Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) techniques like UMAP and tSNE have been used to make inferences in a range of scientific disciplines. Despite this, they are prone to producing visualizations that fragment underlying clusters ... Provable cluster-preserving visualizations with curvature-based stochastic neighbor embeddings doi:10.1073/pnas.2509171123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-10T07:00:00Z Tristan Luca SaidiAbigail HickokBastian RieckAndrew J. Blumbergahttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027bhttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Department of Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027cDepartment of Machine Learning, University, Fribourg 1700, Switzerlanddhttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2509171123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509171123?af=R Localized sample-based quantum diagonalization for strongly correlated chemistry https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603914123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceStrongly correlated systems, such as transition-metal complexes, are central to catalysis and energy science, and remain challenging for classical algorithms because their ground states are not qualitatively approximated by a single electron ... Localized sample-based quantum diagonalization for strongly correlated chemistry doi:10.1073/pnas.2603914123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-10T07:00:00Z Qiaohong WangKevin J. SungRuhee D’CunhaMatthew R. HermesTanvi GujaratiYukio KawashimaYu-ya OhnishiGavin O. JonesMario MottaLaura Gagliardiahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bChicago Quantum Institute, Chicago, IL 60637cInternational Business Machines Corporation Quantum, International Business Machines Corporation T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598dhttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637eInternational Business Machines Corporation Quantum, International Business Machines Corporation Research-Almaden, San Jose, CA 95120fInternational Business Machines Corporation Quantum, International Business Machines Corporation Research-Tokyo, Tokyo, JapangMaterials Informatics Initiative, RD Technology and Digital Transformation Center, Electronic Materials Division, JSR Corporation, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603914123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603914123?af=R Multiplexing in networks and diffusion https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534923123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceSocial and economic networks are often multiplexed, meaning that people are connected by multiple, distinct types of relationships. We develop theory about diffusion in multiplexed networks, showing that people having more types of ... Multiplexing in networks and diffusion doi:10.1073/pnas.2534923123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-10T07:00:00Z Arun G. ChandrasekharVasu ChaudharyBenjamin GolubMatthew O. Jacksonahttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bhttps://ror.org/04grmx538National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138chttps://ror.org/01nztb982Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142dDepartment of Economics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208ehttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305fhttps://ror.org/01arysc35Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534923123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534923123?af=R Divergent population trajectories despite similar response to temperature in a widespread aerial insectivore https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601817123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceAnimals are breeding earlier as the climate warms, but some populations have kept pace with warming while others have fallen behind. Across 123 populations of tree swallows, we find relationships consistent with different climate change ... Divergent population trajectories despite similar response to temperature in a widespread aerial insectivore doi:10.1073/pnas.2601817123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Conor C. TaffJ. Ryan ShipleyDaniel R. ArdiaDavid AbornLauren AlbertMarc BélisleAmos BelmakerLisha L. BerzinsTricia BlakeFrances BonierHannah C. BrewerMichael W. ButlerKyle CameronSamuel B. CaseDavid Chang van OordtRobert G. ClarkEthan D. ClotfelterAmelia R. CoxRussell D. DawsonElizabeth P. DerryberryAna M. Diaz BohorquezPeter O. DunnValentina FerrettiAnna M. ForsmanMatthew FuirstDany GarantDaniel R. GarrettJessica GutiérrezJulie C. HagelinBraelei M. HardtMercy E. HarrisKyle HortonCarolyne HouleJennifer L. HoutzPatricia L. JonesKimberley C. JordanAmanda S. KindelRobert KlaverSarah A. KnutieKatherine S. LauckMichael P. LombardoStephen C. LougheedAshley C. LoveStuart A. MackenzieJohn P. McCartyAnn E. McKellarNicole MejiaChristy A. MorrisseyMia L. NahomD. Ryan NorrisLillian M. ParaFanie PelletierCody K. PorterWallace B. RendellEric A. RiddellJames W. RiversRaleigh J. RobertsonAlexandra RoseKimberly A. RosvallThomas A. RyanRyan P. ShannonDave ShutlerVictoria F. SimonsMark StanbackCorey E. TarwaterPatrick A. ThorpeMorgan W. TingleyChristine L. TischerBenjamin A. TonelliMelanie L. TruanCornelia W. TwiningJennifer J. UehlingCarol VleckDavid VleckMichael L. WatsonNathaniel T. WheelwrightLinda A. WhittinghamDavid W. WinklerCasey YoungfleshCedric ZimmerMaren N. Vitousekahttps://ror.org/05bnh6r87Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853bhttps://ror.org/00pc48d59Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerlandchttps://ror.org/04fp4ps48Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604dhttps://ror.org/00nqb1v70Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403eDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405fhttps://ror.org/00kybxq39Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canadaghttps://ror.org/04mhzgx49Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israelhhttps://ror.org/010x8gc63Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaiAlaska Songbird Institute, Fairbanks, AK 99708jhttps://ror.org/02y72wh86Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canadakhttps://ror.org/02der9h97Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269lhttps://ror.org/036n0x007Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042mhttps://ror.org/04ezxnp02Long Point Bird Observatory, Birds Canada, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canadanhttps://ror.org/01485tq96Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071ohttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544phttps://ror.org/026ny0e17Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Wildlife Research Division, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canadaqhttps://ror.org/028vqfs63Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002rhttps://ror.org/05hqvvq43Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canadashttps://ror.org/025wzwv46Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canadathttps://ror.org/020f3ap87Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Collaborative for Animal Behavior, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996uhttps://ror.org/026ny0e17Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Wildlife Research Division, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canadavhttps://ror.org/031q21x57Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201whttps://ror.org/0081fs513Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentinaxhttps://ror.org/00fvyjk73Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901yhttps://ror.org/02rh7vj17Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701zhttps://ror.org/00c0zxf82National Wildlife Federation, Denver, CO 80202aahttps://ror.org/02dqehb95Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907bbhttps://ror.org/02jgzjj54Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335cchttps://ror.org/03gh96r95Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011ddMuseum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616eehttps://ror.org/04rswrd78Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011ffDepartment of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616gghttps://ror.org/001m1hv61Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401hhhttps://ror.org/05nbqxr67Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056iiDepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182jjhttps://ror.org/02dxnxj52Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Portland, OR 97219kkhttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadallhttps://ror.org/020f3ap87Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996mmhttps://ror.org/03chnr738Biology Department, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423nnhttps://ror.org/053yb3j55School of Applied Sciences Skills and Technology, Loyalist College, Belleville, ON K8N 5B9, Canadaoohttps://ror.org/0130frc33Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599pphttps://ror.org/00ysfqy60Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331qqhttps://ror.org/02ttsq026Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309rrhttps://ror.org/00839we02Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canadasshttps://ror.org/017zqws13Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Lake Itasca, MN 56470tthttps://ror.org/02f7k4z58Department of Biology, Davidson College, Emeritus, NC 28035uuhttps://ror.org/046rm7j60Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095vvSea and Sage Audubon, Irvine, CA 92616wwhttps://ror.org/037s24f05Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634xxhttps://ror.org/05a28rw58Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerlandyyhttps://ror.org/04rswrd78Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011zzhttps://ror.org/0053n5071Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383aaahttps://ror.org/053nwxy06The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH 44094bbbSABER Consulting, Monterey, CA 93940ccchttps://ror.org/0199hds37Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse 93430, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601817123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601817123?af=R Asymmetric and intermittent supershear rupture mediated by local fault complexity during the 2025 MW 7.7 Myanmar earthquake https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602650123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>SignificanceIntermittent supershear rupture (rupture propagating faster than the local shear-wave speed, enhancing ground shaking) has infrequently been documented for natural earthquakes, mainly due to the scarcity of dense near-fault observations. Using ... Asymmetric and intermittent supershear rupture mediated by local fault complexity during the 2025 MW 7.7 Myanmar earthquake doi:10.1073/pnas.2602650123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Tao XiaLingling YeJinlai HaoHaijun GaoThorne LayXiaotian DingZhenxing Yaoahttps://ror.org/049tv2d57Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Chinabhttps://ror.org/034t30j35State Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, Chinachttps://ror.org/03s65by71Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2602650123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2602650123?af=R Science in service: Behavioral research applications across federal agencies https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608196123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Science in service: Behavioral research applications across federal agencies doi:10.1073/pnas.2608196123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Alycia ChinBaruch Fischhoffahttps://ror.org/01xqwbk25U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of the Investor Advocate, Washington, DC 20549bhttps://ror.org/05x2bcf33Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213chttps://ror.org/05x2bcf33Carnegie Mellon Institute for Strategy and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608196123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608196123?af=R Late Pleistocene Clovis atlatl hunting fails a chronological modeling test https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607964123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Late Pleistocene North American foragers assigned to the Clovis culture have long been assumed to have hunted megafauna with the atlatl, which would have provided several advantages. Yet, we chronologically modeled radiocarbon ages from preserved Holocene ... Late Pleistocene Clovis atlatl hunting fails a chronological modeling test doi:10.1073/pnas.2607964123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-06-29T07:00:00Z Metin I. ErenMichelle R. BebberRobert S. WalkerC. Reagan JohnsonBriggs Buchananahttps://ror.org/049pfb863Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224bhttps://ror.org/04b8x5a95Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106chttps://ror.org/013meh722MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/02ymw8z06Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211ehttps://ror.org/042tdr378Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275fhttps://ror.org/04wn28048Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2607964123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2607964123?af=R Energy costs of Hannibal’s alpine crossing https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612764123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Hannibal crossed the Alps with a large army containing 37 war elephants in 218 BC. Details of his route have scholars regularly debate historical reports in the light of logistical and topographical considerations. Among the possible alpine passes, the ... Energy costs of Hannibal’s alpine crossing doi:10.1073/pnas.2612764123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Emilio BertiFritz Vollrathahttps://ror.org/01jty7g66German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Theory in Biodiversity Science, Leipzig 04103, Germanybhttps://ror.org/05qpz1x62Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Jena 07743, Germanychttps://ror.org/052gg0110Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/019ae2j05Save the Elephants, Nairobi 00200, Kenya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2612764123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612764123?af=R Identification and distribution of a downregulatory signaling alkyloxazole in Streptomyces https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600233123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Streptomycesuse small molecules to dictate morphological development and secondary metabolism. Most of these signaling compounds are inducers derived from γ-butyrolactone (GBL)-synthesizing enzymes. As such, biosynthetically distinct and downregulatory ... Identification and distribution of a downregulatory signaling alkyloxazole in Streptomyces doi:10.1073/pnas.2600233123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Michael MaddenDan XueMingming XuKatherine Holandez-LopezJoseph BudiselichSarah TranCole EspinosaJie Liahttps://ror.org/00hj54h04Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712bhttps://ror.org/02b6qw903Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2600233123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2600233123?af=R Mitonuclear discordance modulates mitochondrial ageing dynamics in natural Drosophila populations https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529208123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/>Mitochondrial decline is a hallmark of ageing, yet the role of intergenomic compatibility in shaping ageing trajectories remains poorly understood, particularly in an ecologically relevant framework. Hormetic interventions have been proposed as strategies ... Mitonuclear discordance modulates mitochondrial ageing dynamics in natural Drosophila populations doi:10.1073/pnas.2529208123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-07T07:00:00Z Stefano BettinazziAvishikta ChakrabortyFinley Grover-ThomasDamian K. DowlingM. Florencia Camusahttps://ror.org/02jx3x895Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdombhttps://ror.org/02bfwt286School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529208123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529208123?af=R Dolphins use names to remember whom to avoid https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617174123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Dolphins use names to remember whom to avoid doi:10.1073/pnas.2617174123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Laela Sayighahttps://ror.org/03zbnzt98Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2617174123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617174123?af=R Small but mighty: The outsized role of small water bodies in the global carbon cycle https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614198123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Small but mighty: The outsized role of small water bodies in the global carbon cycle doi:10.1073/pnas.2614198123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Marcia N. Macedoahttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027bhttps://ror.org/00hj8s172Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027chttps://ror.org/04cvvej54Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540dhttps://ror.org/020f9s554Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Brasília, DF 70863-520, Brazil Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2614198123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2614198123?af=R Functional traits produce conditional outcomes in different community contexts https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616704123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Functional traits produce conditional outcomes in different community contexts doi:10.1073/pnas.2616704123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Ye SuRagan M. CallawayaInstitute of Ecology and State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab), College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinabhttps://ror.org/0078xmk34Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2616704123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616704123?af=R Domesticated, not feral: Why evolvable AI is not yet a Darwinian threat https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617785123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Domesticated, not feral: Why evolvable AI is not yet a Darwinian threat doi:10.1073/pnas.2617785123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Maarten BoudryaThe 451 Institute, Brussels 1000, Belgium Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2617785123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2617785123?af=R Distinguishing direct androgenic signaling from local aromatization in the lateral septum https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618568123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Distinguishing direct androgenic signaling from local aromatization in the lateral septum doi:10.1073/pnas.2618568123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Dong’e HuangJunqing DongaDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, ChinabDepartment of Physiotherapy, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Ningde, Fujian 352103, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618568123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618568123?af=R Mathematical misdefinition of adjusted cloud-fraction change limits isolation of aerosol effects https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613700123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Mathematical misdefinition of adjusted cloud-fraction change limits isolation of aerosol effects doi:10.1073/pnas.2613700123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Zhe SongZhengnan CenLang ChenJie ZhangHuan XiNingning YaoXiang LiShaocai Yuahttps://ror.org/0569mkk41Laboratory for Statistical Monitoring and Intelligent Governance of Common Prosperity, Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering Technology & Application, School of Statistics and Data Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Chinabhttps://ror.org/0569mkk41Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinacResearch Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinadShanghai Key Laboratory of Air Quality and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, Chinaehttps://ror.org/0569mkk41School of Statistics and Data Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613700123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613700123?af=R Correction for Brodeur et al., AI-assisted teams outperform AI-led teams but not human-only teams in assessing research reproducibility in quantitative social science https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621051123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Correction for Brodeur et al., AI-assisted teams outperform AI-led teams but not human-only teams in assessing research reproducibility in quantitative social science doi:10.1073/pnas.2621051123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2621051123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621051123?af=R Correction for Hong et al., Mechanistic links between coexistence, productivity, and stability in experimental grasslands https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621071123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Correction for Hong et al., Mechanistic links between coexistence, productivity, and stability in experimental grasslands doi:10.1073/pnas.2621071123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-09T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2621071123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621071123?af=R Reply to Boudry: The threat of evolvable AI is too grave to be left to intuition https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618094123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Reply to Boudry: The threat of evolvable AI is too grave to be left to intuition doi:10.1073/pnas.2618094123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Viktor MüllerLuc SteelsEörs Szathmáryahttps://ror.org/01jsq2704Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungarybhttps://ror.org/01jsq2704National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, HungarycClass for Natural Sciences, Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, Brussels 1000, Belgiumdhttps://ror.org/01crqqh49Center for the Conceptual Foundations of Science, Parmenides Foundation, Pöcking 82343, Germanyehttps://ror.org/04bhfmv97Institute of Evolution, Hungarian Research Network Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618094123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618094123?af=R Reply to Huang and Dong: Clarifying the interpretation of rapid steroid effects in social recognition https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618836123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Reply to Huang and Dong: Clarifying the interpretation of rapid steroid effects in social recognition doi:10.1073/pnas.2618836123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Dario AspesiAnjana VaratharajahLucia CioffiSilvia DiviccaroDonatella CarusoNatalina BeckeJasmin LalondeMelissa L. PerreaultRoberto C. MelcangiNeil J. MacLuskyElena Cholerisahttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadabhttps://ror.org/00wjc7c48Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italychttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canadadhttps://ror.org/01r7awg59Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2618836123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2618836123?af=R Reply to Yu et al.: Meteorological covariations do not reproduce diurnal cloud fraction response to aerosol https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616376123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Reply to Yu et al.: Meteorological covariations do not reproduce diurnal cloud fraction response to aerosol doi:10.1073/pnas.2616376123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-02T07:00:00Z Geoffrey PugsleyEdward GryspeerdtVishnu Nairahttps://ror.org/041kmwe10Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2616376123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2616376123?af=R QnAs with Daniel Herschlag https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621353123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> QnAs with Daniel Herschlag doi:10.1073/pnas.2621353123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-08T07:00:00Z Sandeep Ravindran Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2621353123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621353123?af=R Retraction for Shaked and Frenkel, Curiouser and curiouser: Meningeal lymphoid structures in the aging brain https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621866123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 28, July 2026. <br/> Retraction for Shaked and Frenkel, Curiouser and curiouser: Meningeal lymphoid structures in the aging brain doi:10.1073/pnas.2621866123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-07-06T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 28 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 2026-07-14T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2621866123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2621866123?af=R