Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Most-Read Full-Text Articles https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Table of Contents Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/cms/asset/433b8ee2-291a-4032-a821-9a689e8fcaa8/default_cover.png https://www.pnas.org/loi/pnas?af=R In This Issue https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti1926123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> In This Issue doi:10.1073/iti1926123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/iti1926123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/iti1926123?af=R Social cognition and interpersonal violence https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519361123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study advances theories of violence by bridging sociology and social psychology to show how social cognitions shaped by past violence exposure persist and influence behavior in new contexts. By identifying specific social cognitions ... Social cognition and interpersonal violence doi:10.1073/pnas.2519361123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Megan KangKathryn EdinJens LudwigTimothy NelsonSendhil Mullainathanahttps://ror.org/00za53h95School of Government and Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC 20001bhttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Sociology and School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544chttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637dhttps://ror.org/04grmx538National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138ehttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139fhttps://ror.org/042nb2s44Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2519361123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519361123?af=R A transparent universal credit system to incentivize peer review https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506681123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> A transparent universal credit system to incentivize peer review doi:10.1073/pnas.2506681123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Angela MolesRussell BondurianskyStephen BonserDaniel FalsterShinichi NakagawaNigel AndrewMalgorzata Lagiszahttps://ror.org/03r8z3t63Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australiabhttps://ror.org/0160cpw27Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canadachttps://ror.org/001xkv632Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Northern Rivers, NSW 2480, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2506681123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506681123?af=R MiR-155-driven loss of ICOSL and SOCS1 in EBV+ gastric cancers renders abundant cytotoxic T cells ineffective, enabling immune evasion https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536375123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceCytotoxic T cells [cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)] play a critical role in antitumor immunity; however, cancer cells have evolved immune evasion strategies that impair CTL recognition and effector function. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive ... MiR-155-driven loss of ICOSL and SOCS1 in EBV+ gastric cancers renders abundant cytotoxic T cells ineffective, enabling immune evasion doi:10.1073/pnas.2536375123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Gerard J. NuovoKoshi MimoriHajime OtsuEsmerina TiliCarlo M. CroceaGNOME Diagnostics, Powell, OH 143081bDepartment of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 8740838, JapancThe Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH 43210dhttps://ror.org/00rs6vg23Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536375123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536375123?af=R Lunar silicon cavity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604438123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificancePhysical conditions at the Moon’s permanently shadowed regions are ideal for constructing an ultrastable optical resonator. This passively cooled optical cavity will stabilize a laser with unprecedentedly long phase coherence time, surpassing ... Lunar silicon cavity doi:10.1073/pnas.2604438123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Jun YeZoey Z. HuBen LewisWei ZhangFritz RiehleUwe SterrYiqi NiJulian StruckaJILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309bJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109cPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 38116, GermanydLunetronic Inc., San Francisco, CA 94109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604438123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604438123?af=R Historic logbooks reveal spatial footprints of commercial whaling https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523917123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceCommercial whaling devastated bowhead whale populations, and recovery has been slow and spatially heterogeneous. By reconstructing daily routes and hunting activities of more than 700 historic British and American whaling voyages, we mapped ... Historic logbooks reveal spatial footprints of commercial whaling doi:10.1073/pnas.2523917123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z Nicholas A. FreymuellerEline D. LorenzenMatthew AyreKit M. KovacsChristian LydersenCarsten RahbekDamien A. FordhamaEnvironment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliabGlobe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, DenmarkcCenter for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, DenmarkdArctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaeDepartment of History, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadafResearch Department, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, NorwaygCenter for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, DenmarkhDanish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, DenmarkiInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking Institute, Beijing, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523917123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523917123?af=R Historical legacies shape continental variation in contemporary mammal food webs https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519938123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceTrophic interactions underpin ecosystem structure and function, yet how past species losses, evolutionary histories, and environmental variability shape macroecological patterns of food webs remains poorly understood. We present continental-... Historical legacies shape continental variation in contemporary mammal food webs doi:10.1073/pnas.2519938123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z Chia HsiehEvan C. FrickeWei-Hao LeeDaniel GorczynskiLydia BeaudrotaEcology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824bDepartment of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824cKellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060dDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139eSystems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005fDepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2519938123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519938123?af=R Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2502683123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceDespite the widely accepted hypothesis that infectious disease drives HLA diversity, specific examples are rare. We show, in an antenatal cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, that maternal HLA-B genotype significantly impacts HIV-1 survival ... Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection doi:10.1073/pnas.2502683123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z Nicholas G. HerbertGabriela CromhoutNomonde BenguRowena FillisSamantha KannieJeroen van LobensteinKogielambal ChinniahConstant KapongoRoopesh BhoolaMalini KrishnaNoxolo MchunuThilona ArumugamKrista DongSunetra GuptaChristian BranderMary CarringtonThumbi Ndung’uVeron RamsuranBridget S. PenmanPhilip J. R. GoulderaPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United KingdombHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricacDepartment of Paediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricadQueen Nandi Regional Hospital, Empangeni 3880, South AfricaeHarry Gwala Regional Hospital, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South AfricafGeneral Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital, Stanger 4450, South AfricagMahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Durban 4001, South AfricahSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaiRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139jDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114kHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114lDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford OX1 3SY, Oxford, United KingdommIrsicaixa-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Research Institute, Barcelona 08916, SpainnFacultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic 08500, SpainoInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona 08010, SpainpBasic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702qLaboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892rAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South AfricasDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdomtCentre for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2502683123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2502683123?af=R Neanderthal brain and cognition reconsidered https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2426638123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe differences between modern human and Neanderthal brains, as estimated from endocranial reconstructions, do not meaningfully exceed those among different modern human populations. Additionally, because cognitive ability is only very weakly ... Neanderthal brain and cognition reconsidered doi:10.1073/pnas.2426638123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z P. Thomas SchoenemannRalph L. HollowayJia-Hong GaoGuoyuan YangaCognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405bDepartment of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405cStone Age Institute, Bloomington, IN 47407dDepartment of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027eCenter for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinafSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2426638123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2426638123?af=R Repeated snowball–hothouse cycles within the Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525919123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceEarth experienced extreme climate swings during the Neoproterozoic epoch, including the Sturtian glaciation, when ice likely covered the planet. Explaining aspects of the geologic record and the survival of life through this event has been a ... Repeated snowball–hothouse cycles within the Neoproterozoic Sturtian glaciation doi:10.1073/pnas.2525919123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z Charlotte MinskyRobin WordsworthDavid T. JohnstonAndrew H. KnollaDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138cDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525919123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525919123?af=R An independent center for the origin of bread wheat in the Neolithic period of Georgia in the South Caucasus https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537697123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificancePrevious genetic studies indicate that bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) originated approximately 8,000 y ago, with the distribution of its wild progenitor, goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii Coss.) suggesting that the South Caucasus or southwestern ... An independent center for the origin of bread wheat in the Neolithic period of Georgia in the South Caucasus doi:10.1073/pnas.2537697123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-04-27T07:00:00Z Nana RusishviliMindia JalabadzeMarine MosulishviliStephen BatiukDavid MaghradzeElisabetta BoarettoInga MartkoplishviliNana MeladzeDavid LordkipanidzeaGeorgian National Museum, Tbilisi 0108, GeorgiabSchool of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 1079, GeorgiacDepartment of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON MSS1A1, CanadadNational Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi 0159, GeorgiaeFaculty of Viticulture-Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi 0141, GeorgiafDangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelgDepartment of Natural History, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537697123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537697123?af=R Regulation of antiviral and antitumor immunity by the BRCA1 pseudogene in human cancers https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528911123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study uncovers a mechanism by which a host-derived pseudogene RNA regulates innate immunity and highlights its clinicopathological significance in breast and other cancers. Given the essential role of antiviral pathways in immune ... Regulation of antiviral and antitumor immunity by the BRCA1 pseudogene in human cancers doi:10.1073/pnas.2528911123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Yoo Jane HanJing ZhangMaryam ShariffSulin WuGalina KhramtsovaLong Chi NguyenDaniel S. PeifferNansheng LiAnna LewickaMatthew MooreJoseph A. PiccirilliOlufunmilayo I. Olopadeahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bhttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637chttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637dhttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637ehttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528911123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528911123?af=R A ginsenoside metabolite and its derivative target PRELID3B against lung cancer cells https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533505123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceCompound K (CK), a significant metabolite of ginsenoside, has many unexplored anticancer chemical properties. We have developed an efficaciousCKderivative,CKD-4with significantly enhanced cancer cell penetration and cytotoxicity both in ... A ginsenoside metabolite and its derivative target PRELID3B against lung cancer cells doi:10.1073/pnas.2533505123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Jilin HeChun-Nam LokGuanya YangYing HeYungen LiuAmir Ata SaeiYiwei ZhangChunlei ZhangYanting ZhuZhiwen FuChristian Michel BeuschPierre SabatierRoman A. ZubarevChi-Ming CheaLaboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Chinabhttps://ror.org/02zhqgq86Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ChinacArtificial Intelligence and Life Sciences Institute (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Chinadhttps://ror.org/049tv2d57Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, Chinaehttps://ror.org/056d84691Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Swedenfhttps://ror.org/056d84691Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, SwedengDepartment of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533505123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533505123?af=R Eosinophil-derived COX-2 protects against experimental colitis through the PGE2–IL-22 axis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525334123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceAlthough eosinophils are consistently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their precise functional roles and mechanisms of action in disease remain incompletely defined. We identify eosinophil-derived COX-2 as the main source of ... Eosinophil-derived COX-2 protects against experimental colitis through the PGE2–IL-22 axis doi:10.1073/pnas.2525334123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Yang YangConstance L. AtkinsYuanyuan FanLidan HouJie ZhaoJunda GaoYankai WenNicolas F. MorenoXiangsheng HuangFaraz BishehsariAgnieszka K. CzopikSean P. ColganTugrul PurnakKeith C. SummaYingzi CongElizabeth A. JacobsenCynthia Juahttps://ror.org/03gds6c39Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030bhttps://ror.org/03gds6c39Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030chttps://ror.org/03wmf1y16Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045dDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611ehttps://ror.org/02qp3tb03Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2525334123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2525334123?af=R Attention control ability is associated with frontoparietal control network interactions https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526828123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceAttention control is fundamental to human cognition, and people differ in this trait to maintain focus. These individual differences shape success in school, work, and health, but their neural basis remains unclear. Our study shows that ... Attention control ability is associated with frontoparietal control network interactions doi:10.1073/pnas.2526828123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Dolly T. SeeburgerJason S. TsukaharaNan XuVishwadeep AhluwaliaShella D. KeilholzRandall W. Engleahttps://ror.org/01zkghx44School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332bhttps://ror.org/02t0qr014Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403chttps://ror.org/047s2c258Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742dhttps://ror.org/01zkghx44Georgia State/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2526828123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526828123?af=R A sugar chain–dependent two-component chemical defense in Hedera helix reveals substrate-driven β-glucosidase evolution in Apiales https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533820123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificancePlants rely on chemical defenses to deter herbivores, yet the evolutionary processes that generate such systems remain poorly understood. Two-component defenses, in which inactive compounds are rapidly activated upon damage, offer an ideal ... A sugar chain–dependent two-component chemical defense in Hedera helix reveals substrate-driven β-glucosidase evolution in Apiales doi:10.1073/pnas.2533820123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Han XiaoyangYang JirongDeng ZixinYu YiaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, ChinabAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, ChinacScience & Technology Industrial Parks of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Chinadhttps://ror.org/054x1kd82State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533820123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533820123?af=R Transmembrane ROOM proteins ensure rooms for germ cells by maintaining intercellular bridges https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522264123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn many sexually reproducing animals, germ cells form a syncytium as a result of incomplete cell division, sharing cytoplasmic components via intercellular bridges. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely ... Transmembrane ROOM proteins ensure rooms for germ cells by maintaining intercellular bridges doi:10.1073/pnas.2522264123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Kenta SugiuraIchiro KawasakiHidetaka KosakoKen Satoahttps://ror.org/046fm7598Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japanbhttps://ror.org/044vy1d05Division of Cell Signaling, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522264123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522264123?af=R Biased and inattentive responding contribute to apparent metacognitive biases in mental health https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520832123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying mental health is crucial for developing effective treatments that target causes rather than symptoms. To identify these mechanisms, researchers test large samples of online participants and ... Biased and inattentive responding contribute to apparent metacognitive biases in mental health doi:10.1073/pnas.2520832123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Noam SarnaReuven DarMatan Mazorahttps://ror.org/04mhzgx49School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israelbhttps://ror.org/052gg0110All Souls College, University of Oxford, OX1 4AL Oxford, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/052gg0110Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3EL Oxford, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520832123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520832123?af=R Design of an ultrabright biosensor for dynamic imaging of kinase activity in cells https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523631123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceNOVARK, a de novo–designed kinase reporter platform featuring ultrabright signals, a large dynamic range, and minute-scale responsiveness, fulfills the full spectrum of desirable characteristics for an ideal kinase reporter. It enables ... Design of an ultrabright biosensor for dynamic imaging of kinase activity in cells doi:10.1073/pnas.2523631123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Xiaoquan LiSophia K. TanChan-I ChungA. Katherine HatstatQian ZhaoJingyu LuoWilliam F. DeGradoXiaokun ShuaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158bCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158cHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523631123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523631123?af=R Microhomology-mediated tandem duplication is a conserved mechanism of genomic variation with implications for human disease https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606747123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceMicrohomology-mediated tandem duplications (MTDs) are a conserved mechanism driving genomic variation across species. MTDs evolve primarily under neutral dynamics, with purifying selection preferentially depleting them from coding regions. The ... Microhomology-mediated tandem duplication is a conserved mechanism of genomic variation with implications for human disease doi:10.1073/pnas.2606747123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Xianfang WeiWanxin GongYifan ZhengJing ZhangXianyuan WeiChen PengXiangwei HeChao JiangaThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, ChinabMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, ChinacGuangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, ChinadState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606747123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606747123?af=R VEGF-D-induced intraosseous lymphangiogenesis drives site-specific heterotopic bone resorption https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524022123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceExtremity musculoskeletal trauma is the most common injury pattern seen in humans. While in some instances, these musculoskeletal tissues heal, oftentimes tissue repair fails due to an aberrant cell fate program of the cells at the injury ... VEGF-D-induced intraosseous lymphangiogenesis drives site-specific heterotopic bone resorption doi:10.1073/pnas.2524022123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Neda VishlaghiDanielle Griswold-WheelerSneha KorlakuntaAngelica VallejoMonisha MittalYuxiao SunPeng ZhaoYunzhi Peter YangJoseph M. RutkowskiBenjamin LeviMichael DellingeraDepartment of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390bHamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390chttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA 94305dhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA 94305ehttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA 94305fhttps://ror.org/01f5ytq51Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77843 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524022123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524022123?af=R Subsurface soil inorganic carbon gains offset half of surface losses in China’s upland croplands over the last four decades https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531214123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe prevailing assumption of millennial-scale stability has led to the widespread neglect of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) dynamics, especially in deep soil layers. Using a large-scale, depth-resolved resampling of China’s upland croplands, we ... Subsurface soil inorganic carbon gains offset half of surface losses in China’s upland croplands over the last four decades doi:10.1073/pnas.2531214123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Andong CaiTianfu HanZhenghu ZhouKailou LiuXinpeng XuPete SmithQingzhu GaoYue LiMinggang XuaInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, Chinabhttps://ror.org/04ypx8c21School of Agriculture and Biomanufacturing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinacCenter for Ecological Research, Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, NortheastForestry University, Harbin 150040, Chinadhttps://ror.org/04vrkaw11Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Enhancementl/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, Chinaehttps://ror.org/0313jb750State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinafInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotlandghttps://ror.org/05e9f5362Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531214123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531214123?af=R Early-life adversity shapes the relationship between growth and reproduction in free-ranging female rhesus macaques https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524909123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceEarly-life adversity (ELA) can have lifelong consequences, yet identifying how early experiences shape individual variation in growth and reproduction has remained difficult in primates. Leveraging 64 y of behavioral, physiological, and ... Early-life adversity shapes the relationship between growth and reproduction in free-ranging female rhesus macaques doi:10.1073/pnas.2524909123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Rachel M. PetersenSam K. PattersonAnja WiddigCassandra M. TurcotteSusan C. AntónScott A. WilliamsAshly N. RomeroSamuel E. Bauman SurrattAngelina Ruiz-LambidesMichael J. MontagueNoah Snyder-MacklerLauren J. N. BrentJames P. HighamAmanda J. LeaaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232bEvolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232cDepartment of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003dDepartment of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556eDepartment of Primate Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, GermanyfDepartment of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, GermanygGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity, Leipzig 04103, GermanyhDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaiMcCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadajAlberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CanadakBasic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004lCaribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00935mDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104nSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287oCenter for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287pSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281qArizona State University - Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281rCentre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, United KingdomsVanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524909123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524909123?af=R Genomic ancestry predicts rapid responses to drought across spatiotemporal scales https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531142123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding how species cope with rapid climate and land use change requires studying evolutionary responses across scales. UsingAmaranthus tuberculatus, a native species turned major agricultural weed, we bridge timescales by pairing a ... Genomic ancestry predicts rapid responses to drought across spatiotemporal scales doi:10.1073/pnas.2531142123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Rozenn M. PineauNatalia BercovichLoren H. RiesebergJulia M. KreineraDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531142123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531142123?af=R Decoding the structure of GPR151 via NELiS https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534234123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceOrphan G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast reservoir of potential drug targets but remain structurally elusive due to the absence of ligands, unclear G-protein coupling, and inherent instability. To address these challenges, ... Decoding the structure of GPR151 via NELiS doi:10.1073/pnas.2534234123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Yumeng WangLuyu FanQianqian SongYaning LiJiayu JinQiaoyu ZhaoWeijie GuXiangyi ShiDianfan LiYao CongSheng WangaKey Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, Chinabhttps://ror.org/05qbk4x57Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, ChinacShanghai Nanoport, Thermofisher Scientific, Shanghai 201203, Chinadhttps://ror.org/0064kty71School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, ChinaeShanghai Academy of Natural Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534234123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534234123?af=R Can privacy technologies replace cookies? Ad revenue in a field experiment https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603752123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceRegulating digital platforms is difficult when platforms control the data needed to assess design changes. This study demonstrates an alternative: an open, market-wide field experiment that allows independent measurement of market outcomes. ... Can privacy technologies replace cookies? Ad revenue in a field experiment doi:10.1073/pnas.2603752123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Zhengrong GuGarrett A. JohnsonShunto J. KobayashiaQuestrom School of Business, Department of Marketing, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2603752123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2603752123?af=R Conserved regulatory core and lineage-specific diversification of light–temperature integration in plants https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601574123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificancePlants experience multiple environmental signals, such as light and temperature, that must be interpreted together to regulate growth and development. How this integrative capacity evolved across plant lineages remained unclear. By comparing ... Conserved regulatory core and lineage-specific diversification of light–temperature integration in plants doi:10.1073/pnas.2601574123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Bruno CatarinoFernando Rodríguez-MarínCristina ÚrbezChristina ArvanitidouEva ÁlvarezFederico ValverdeJosé Manuel Franco-ZorrillaFrancisco Romero-CamperoMiguel A. BlázquezaInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC - Universitat Politècnia de València), Valencia 46022, SpainbInstituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla 41092, Spainchttps://ror.org/015w4v032Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Cantoblanco 28049, Spaindhttps://ror.org/03yxnpp24Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601574123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601574123?af=R Single-cell multiomic and spatial landscape of the primate pineal gland reveals circadian and melatonin regulatory architecture https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524839123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe pineal gland is a central regulator of circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine homeostasis in primates, yet its cellular diversity and spatial regulatory logic remain poorly defined. By integrating single-nucleus and spatial multiomics in... Single-cell multiomic and spatial landscape of the primate pineal gland reveals circadian and melatonin regulatory architecture doi:10.1073/pnas.2524839123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Jihong ZhengYuchen XiaoJianjun LyuHongtao XuYaqun ZhangYanchuan LiYihao LiTianjun WangLiu LiuLingjing JinXuhui ZhouChao ZhangaDepartment of Orthopedics and Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of ChinabHubei Topgene Xinsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 41, Great Health Industrial Park, South of the Optics Valley, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430207, People’s Republic of Chinachttps://ror.org/05kvm7n82Department of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province 215000, People’s Republic of Chinadhttps://ror.org/01nv7k942Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050051, People’s Republic of ChinaeShanghai Yuhui Pharmaceutical Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of ChinafFundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, People’s Republic of ChinagDepartment of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, People’s Republic of China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524839123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524839123?af=R Pde4 mediates MHCII expression in oligodendroglia https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511231123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis work uncovers a glial pathway by which chronic psychosocial stress drives maladaptive myelin and immune changes. We show that Pde4b upregulation in stress-specific immune-like oligodendrocytes (ImOL) orchestrates cyclic adenosine ... Pde4 mediates MHCII expression in oligodendroglia doi:10.1073/pnas.2511231123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Miguel M. MadeiraZachary HageDimitris KoliatsisAlexandros G. KokkosisKimberly NnahAlexander J. RheeGilbert J. RahmeKatherine KamvisiosAntonis E. KoromilasBarbara RosatiDavid McKinnonStella E. TsirkaaMolecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794bDepartment of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794cScholars in Biomedical Sciences Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794dProgram in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794eLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B, Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, CanadafDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2511231123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2511231123?af=R The heterogeneous selection landscape of genome evolution in prokaryotes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605871123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceGenome evolution in prokaryotes has been explained by either selection for streamlining or selection for functional diversification enabled by horizontal gene transfer. However, the extent to which these forces coexist or dominate in different ... The heterogeneous selection landscape of genome evolution in prokaryotes doi:10.1073/pnas.2605871123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Roman KogaySvetlana KaramychevaNash D. RochmanYuri I. WolfEugene V. KooninaComputational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894bDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York Graduate, School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY 10027cInstitute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605871123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605871123?af=R MCM8-9 helicase activity protects primordial germ cell development to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535910123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceMCM8 and MCM9 form a hexameric helicase that is critical for preserving ovarian reserve and preventing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), a major cause of female infertility. In this study, we demonstrate that MCM8-9 helicase activity is ... MCM8-9 helicase activity protects primordial germ cell development to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency doi:10.1073/pnas.2535910123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Xiaofei JiaoZhifang LiZhenghui TangJun XuLin-Yu LuYidan LiuaKey Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, ChinabZhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, Chinachttps://ror.org/025fyfd20Genetics and Metabolism Department, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Chinadhttps://ror.org/00a2xv884Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Chinaehttps://ror.org/00a2xv884Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535910123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535910123?af=R Alternative vegetation states on the Loess Plateau and implications for large-scale afforestation success https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527794123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceRecognizing the Loess Plateau as the world’s largest afforestation area, we explored vegetation states across a large-scale survey to reassess precipitation thresholds of afforestation. We identified a forest maintenance threshold of 350 mm ... Alternative vegetation states on the Loess Plateau and implications for large-scale afforestation success doi:10.1073/pnas.2527794123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Li MaXuan LiXingchao XuLiping YangQinqin ChangSiqing WangChao GuanMiaojun MaChi XuYanchuang ZhaoEmilio GuiradoNing ChenChangming ZhaoaState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, ChinabYuzhong Mountain Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, ChinacInstitute of Geological Natural Disaster Prevention, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, ChinadSchool of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaeCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-Tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, ChinafInstituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2527794123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527794123?af=R Intramolecular bonding as a design strategy for robust intermolecular binding of oligomers https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534579123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceMolecular recognition processes are ubiquitous to enact function. The current materials design efforts focused on energetics as primary factor to tune binding are suboptimal because they overlook the role of entropic forces, which is often ... Intramolecular bonding as a design strategy for robust intermolecular binding of oligomers doi:10.1073/pnas.2534579123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Mohammed Suliman AlshammasiR. Kenton WeigelChristopher A. AlabiFernando A. EscobedoaRobert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534579123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534579123?af=R Visualization of the interaction between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in lipid bilayer membranes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528400123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe interaction between sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol, two of the most abundant lipids in plasma membranes of animal cells, provides many functional benefits. These include protection from microbial infection, prevention of unrestrained ... Visualization of the interaction between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in lipid bilayer membranes doi:10.1073/pnas.2528400123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Jared C. SmothersChieu H. B. NguyenYan HanYang LiZhe ChenArun RadhakrishnanaDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046bDepartment of Biophysics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528400123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528400123?af=R Coordinated stomatal, mesophyll, and biochemical functions in photosynthetic responses to heat and dryness https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605032123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceBetter understanding plant photosynthetic responses to elevated temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (Δe) is critical under climate change. By separating temperature and Δeeffects across multiple CO2levels, we demonstrate ... Coordinated stomatal, mesophyll, and biochemical functions in photosynthetic responses to heat and dryness doi:10.1073/pnas.2605032123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Xingyu HuSuan Chin WongGraham D. FarquharaState Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinabDivision of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605032123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605032123?af=R Traveling-wave transcranial alternating current stimulation (twtACS) causally links neural timing to cognitive function https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527296123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceCortical traveling waves (TWs) have been observed across species and cognitive states, yet their causal role in brain function has remained unclear. A major challenge has been the lack of tools to selectively impose TW-like spatiotemporal ... Traveling-wave transcranial alternating current stimulation (twtACS) causally links neural timing to cognitive function doi:10.1073/pnas.2527296123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Sangjun LeeJimin ParkIvan AlekseichukTaylor A. BergerAna M. G. ManeaHarry TranGabriela Delgado SalazarSeth D. KönigAlexander B. HermanDavid P. DarrowJan ZimmermannAlexander Opitzahttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455bhttps://ror.org/02ets8c94Stephen M. Stahl Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611chttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455dhttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455ehttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455fhttps://ror.org/017zqws13Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2527296123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2527296123?af=R Compositionality and systematicity emerge from iterated learning in deep linear networks https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509739123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceChildren rapidly acquire an ability for language during early development. One theory, called iterated learning, posits that language evolves over generations to become more structured. This structure can then be exploited by learners through ... Compositionality and systematicity emerge from iterated learning in deep linear networks doi:10.1073/pnas.2509739123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Devon JarvisRichard KleinBenjamin RosmanAndrew M. SaxeaSchool of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricabMachine Intelligence and Neural Discovery Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricacGatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London W1T 4JG, United KingdomdSainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London W1T 4JG, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2509739123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509739123?af=R A change in the cell wall status initiates the elimination of the nucellus in Arabidopsis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2515702123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceSeeds evolved when plants retained the female spores inside the parent tissue. The growth of the spores was accommodated by removing part of the nucellus, the maternal tissue responsible for female meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that ... A change in the cell wall status initiates the elimination of the nucellus in Arabidopsis doi:10.1073/pnas.2515702123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Miryam IannacconeWenjia XuDennys-Marcela Gomez-PaezSandrine ChoinardElisa MaricchioloAlexis PeaucelleAline VoxeurKalina Tamara HaasCatherine LapierreJose M. Jiménez-GómezAndrea PompaEnrico MagnaniaInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de Rrecherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex 78026, Francebhttps://ror.org/04q4kt073Section of Biological and Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italychttps://ror.org/04mfzb702Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA-CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid 28223, Spain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2515702123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2515702123?af=R ATP2B1 expression identifies human hematopoietic stem cells with superior repopulation and self-renewal https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604380123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceLong-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) maintain lifelong hematopoiesis while preserving the stem cell compartment through self-renewal. ATP2B1 identifies a rare population of LT-HSC across ontogeny which relies on the Transcription Factor ... ATP2B1 expression identifies human hematopoietic stem cells with superior repopulation and self-renewal doi:10.1073/pnas.2604380123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Angelica VaresiMurtaza S. NagreeIsabella Di BiasioAndy G. X. ZengSayyam ShahMichael ZhangHyerin KimAlex MurisonRohail BadamiOlga GanLiqing JinJessica McLeodSheela A. AbrahamMark D. MindenAndrea ArrudaIgor Novitzky-BassoJonas MattssonJohn E. DickStephanie Z. Xieahttps://ror.org/03dbr7087Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadabPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canadachttps://ror.org/03dbr7087Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canadadhttps://ror.org/02y72wh86Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canadaehttps://ror.org/03dbr7087Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604380123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604380123?af=R Stag2-mediated chromatin dynamics regulates antibody class switch recombination https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536391123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceB lymphocytes generate different antibody isotypes to combat antigens through a DNA breakage and joining process termed antibody class switch recombination (CSR). During CSR, the dynamic regulation of chromatin configuration juxtaposes the two ... Stag2-mediated chromatin dynamics regulates antibody class switch recombination doi:10.1073/pnas.2536391123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Zhichen WanLeyi YuZifan YangSha LuoYutao ZhouRuolin QiaoHailiang ZhaXiaoling ShanYifan WangShuchan LiXuefei Zhangahttps://ror.org/02v51f717Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinabhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinachttps://ror.org/02v51f717Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinery Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536391123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536391123?af=R Lactylated NAT10 contributes to elesclomol-triggered cuproptosis via the NAT10/ac4C-DLAT-mRNA/DLAT positive feedback loop in CRC https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2501185123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceInducing programmed cell death represents one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our analysis revealed significantly elevated copper levels and increased expression of DLAT in CRC tissues compared to ... Lactylated NAT10 contributes to elesclomol-triggered cuproptosis via the NAT10/ac4C-DLAT-mRNA/DLAT positive feedback loop in CRC doi:10.1073/pnas.2501185123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Wen-Dong YangMeng-Ru LuQi ShenPei-Heng ZhouYang DiaoShan XiaYa-Chun LuYong-Qiang CuiBing-Qiang LiWen-Xia XuLin ChenChao ZhangNing MaYao GuoZhi-Ying ShaoWen-Jie GeJin BaiaDepartment of Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, ChinabDepartment of Central Laboratory, Precision Medicine Center, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, ChinacDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, ChinadDepartment of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, ChinaeDepartment of Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, ChinafDepartment of Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2501185123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2501185123?af=R Synthetic control over proximity of metal and acid dual sites switches the selectivity of acetophenone hydrodeoxygenation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526002123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceBifunctional catalysts play vital roles and are widely used in catalysis. It is well established that the proximity of dual active sites determines catalytic performance. Yetspatial arrangement control over dual sites is restricted to two ... Synthetic control over proximity of metal and acid dual sites switches the selectivity of acetophenone hydrodeoxygenation doi:10.1073/pnas.2526002123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-05T07:00:00Z Luyan LiXinhui GuoJiajia HuangZhenhe JiaXiaoshuo LiuQiaoqiao GuanYu GuWeijie YangJunling LuShaojun GuoHai-Long JiangaHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of Chinabhttps://ror.org/04qr5t414Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, People’s Republic of ChinacSchool of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of Chinadhttps://ror.org/02v51f717School of Materials Science and Engineering and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2526002123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526002123?af=R Distinct activity in prefrontal projections promotes temporal control of action https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538059123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) controls higher-order cognitive processes that define mammals and distinguish humans. Although timing actions are critical for cognitive function, it is unclear how the PFC exerts temporal control of action. We ... Distinct activity in prefrontal projections promotes temporal control of action doi:10.1073/pnas.2538059123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Xin DingMatthew A. WeberTrevor C. ButlerAlexandra S. BovaStephanie G. GuerreroChristopher M. HunterRachel C. ColeHannah R. StuttMadison S. McMurrinMackenzie M. SpicerMackenzie M. ConlonShane A. HeineyYoungcho KimJon M. ReschNandakumar S. NarayananaDepartment of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242bDepartment of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242cDepartment of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 52242dIowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2538059123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538059123?af=R A multiplant transcriptomic atlas reveals conserved and lineage-specific defense architectures in response to Botrytis cinerea https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601719123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceAchieving durable, broad-spectrum crop protection remains difficult because plant immunity models often rely on limited species and overlook natural genetic diversity. To understand how plant defense networks shift across diverse lineages, we ... A multiplant transcriptomic atlas reveals conserved and lineage-specific defense architectures in response to Botrytis cinerea doi:10.1073/pnas.2601719123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Ritu SinghAnna Jo MuhichCloe TomCeline CaseysDaniel J. KliebensteinaDepartment of Plant Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616bPlant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616cHHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601719123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601719123?af=R Chiral inversion mutagenesis identifies geometrically constrained residues within self-associating low-complexity domains https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535888123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study identifies a critical role for amino acid side chain chirality in low-complexity domain (LCD) self-association. Using synthetic protein chemistry, we introduce targeted L-to-D amino acid inversions in LCDs without altering side ... Chiral inversion mutagenesis identifies geometrically constrained residues within self-associating low-complexity domains doi:10.1073/pnas.2535888123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Ryan L. BecknerLily KimChristien CarterAbby WalterscheidGlen Liszczakahttps://ror.org/05byvp690Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535888123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535888123?af=R Developmental landmarks and cellular transitions during extravillous trophoblast cell differentiation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529836123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceExtravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells are a specialized cell type of the placenta that possess transformative actions on the uterine environment critical for a successful pregnancy outcome. Understanding how trophoblast stem (TS) cells ... Developmental landmarks and cellular transitions during extravillous trophoblast cell differentiation doi:10.1073/pnas.2529836123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Ayelen Moreno-IrustaMalay Kumar BasuEsteban M. DominguezThomas S. ChenSawyer H. SmithKaela M. VarbergHiroaki OkaeTakahiro ArimaMichael J. SoaresaInstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160chttps://ror.org/02cgss904Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japandhttps://ror.org/01dq60k83Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, JapaneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529836123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529836123?af=R Functional dissection of SPOP at the amino acid level reveals a comprehensive functional landscape of variants during tumorigenesis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523210123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceGenetic mutations often play different roles in cancer, driving or suppressing tumor growth depending on their molecular context. The protein Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a striking example that acts as either a tumor-suppressor or ... Functional dissection of SPOP at the amino acid level reveals a comprehensive functional landscape of variants during tumorigenesis doi:10.1073/pnas.2523210123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Seong Kyun ParkJeongha LeeSeon Ju ParkYe Na KimGi Hyun ShinKisoon DanHee-Jung ChoiDohyun HanByung Joon HwangMurim Choiahttps://ror.org/01mh5ph17Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Koreabhttps://ror.org/04h9pn542Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of KoreacNabigene Inc., Asankwan Building, Room 207-1, Kangwon Daehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreadProteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 08032, Republic of KoreaeDepartment of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 08032, Republic of Koreafhttps://ror.org/04h9pn542Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523210123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523210123?af=R Real-time tracking of carbon corrosion by atomic force microscopy reveals the impact of defect topography on degradation dynamics https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538040123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceDirect visualization of carbon corrosion in liquid uncovers the dynamics of carbon degradation during oxidation. Carbon materials underpin technologies ranging from energy storage to sensing, yet their instability remains poorly resolved at ... Real-time tracking of carbon corrosion by atomic force microscopy reveals the impact of defect topography on degradation dynamics doi:10.1073/pnas.2538040123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Austin J. ReeseJingzhi HuJin SuntivichaRobert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850cKavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2538040123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538040123?af=R SAGA1 and SAGA2 localize the starch sheath to the pyrenoid in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533609123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceEukaryotic algae enhance their carbon assimilation using an organelle called the pyrenoid, where concentrated CO2is supplied to the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco. In many algae, a starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid is thought to enhance CO2... SAGA1 and SAGA2 localize the starch sheath to the pyrenoid in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii doi:10.1073/pnas.2533609123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Victoria L. CransMicah I. BurtonAastha GardeLianyong WangMartin C. Jonikasahttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bHHMI, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533609123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533609123?af=R Randomized iterative trajectory reweighting for steady-state distributions without discretization error https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529246123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceMolecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a key tool for studying the behavior of proteins and other biomolecules, but despite four decades of hardware and algorithm advances, MD cannot characterize the biomolecular behavior of most systems of ... Randomized iterative trajectory reweighting for steady-state distributions without discretization error doi:10.1073/pnas.2529246123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Sagar KaniaRobert J. WebberGideon SimpsonDavid AristoffDaniel M. Zuckermanahttps://ror.org/009avj582Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239bDepartment of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093chttps://ror.org/04bdffz58Department of Mathematics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104dhttps://ror.org/03k1gpj17Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529246123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529246123?af=R Observational epidemiological studies can mitigate genetic confounding with a genetic relatedness matrix https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533909123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceLarge observational datasets are often used in epidemiology or social sciences to identify risk factors associated with health outcomes. However, these studies can be misleading when the putative risk factor and outcome are both complex ... Observational epidemiological studies can mitigate genetic confounding with a genetic relatedness matrix doi:10.1073/pnas.2533909123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Roshni A. PatelJoshua G. SchraiberMatt PennellMichael D. Edgeahttps://ror.org/0293rh119Department of Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403bhttps://ror.org/0293rh119Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403chttps://ror.org/03taz7m60Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089dhttps://ror.org/05bnh6r87Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533909123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533909123?af=R The electoral choice context and support for democratic norms https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521380123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceFor democracy to endure, citizens must be willing to reject politicians who threaten to undermine it. Yet, whether citizens will do so in practice remains an open question. An important line of experimental research shows that citizens’ ... The electoral choice context and support for democratic norms doi:10.1073/pnas.2521380123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Kang HuangMitchell LovettGretchen HelmkeaSimon Business School, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627bDepartment of Political Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521380123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521380123?af=R Incentive valence differentially engages open- and closed-loop basal ganglia circuits during movement initiation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537314123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceAffective signals profoundly influence movement, yet the mechanisms linking motivationally relevant contexts with motor behavior remain unclear. Combining ultra-high-field (7 T) connectomics with task-based (3 T) neuroimaging, we provide ... Incentive valence differentially engages open- and closed-loop basal ganglia circuits during movement initiation doi:10.1073/pnas.2537314123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Neil M. DundonElizabeth J. RizorJoanne E. StasiakJingyi WangTaylor LiKiana SabugoChristina VillanuevaParker BarandonViktoriya BabenkoRenee Beverly-AylwinAlexandra StumpTyler SantanderAndreea C. BostanRegina C. LapateScott T. GraftonaDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106bAligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815chttps://ror.org/05t1h8f27Department of Social and Psychological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United KingdomdDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720ehttps://ror.org/00py81415Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708fhttps://ror.org/01ba2ff92BIOPAC Systems, Inc., Goleta, CA 93117ghttps://ror.org/03m2x1q45Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724hDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537314123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537314123?af=R Simultaneous multielectrode recordings along the human scala tympani: Evidence for level-dependent place coding https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536471123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceTonotopy maps sound frequency to location along the cochlea, but animal studies show this map shifts with sound level. In humans, level-dependent place shifts have been inferred mainly from masking and pitch measures because intracochlear ... Simultaneous multielectrode recordings along the human scala tympani: Evidence for level-dependent place coding doi:10.1073/pnas.2536471123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Amit WaliaMatthew A. ShewShannon M. LeflerAmanda J. OrtmannPatrick IoergerJordan VargheseJacques A. HerzogCraig A. BuchmanaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110bDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106cDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536471123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536471123?af=R Contributions of the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens to sustaining not just initiating cognitive effort https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601231123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow does the brain sustain effortful cognitive activity? Might subcortical valuation regions play a larger role than they are usually given credit for? Using neuroimaging with humans, we show that the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens work ... Contributions of the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens to sustaining not just initiating cognitive effort doi:10.1073/pnas.2601231123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Matthew L. DixonElizabeth BlevinsCarol S. DweckKai GörgenBrian Knutsonahttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bhttps://ror.org/001w7jn25Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2601231123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2601231123?af=R Robust associations of emotional intelligence with human flourishing: A second-order meta-analysis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532963123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study suggests that, when viewed broadly, emotional intelligence (EI) has a robust association with human flourishing (e.g., purpose, fulfillment, success in the classroom and at work, mental and physical health). Specifically, EI-... Robust associations of emotional intelligence with human flourishing: A second-order meta-analysis doi:10.1073/pnas.2532963123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Tyler J. RobinsonEthan ZellaDepartment of Psychology, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2532963123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2532963123?af=R A molecular timer couples organism-wide temporal identity to developmental checkpoints https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606846123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceDevelopment requires that cells change identity in the correct order while the organism continues to grow. How multicellular animals generate and synchronize this timing information across tissues has remained unclear. We identify a molecular ... A molecular timer couples organism-wide temporal identity to developmental checkpoints doi:10.1073/pnas.2606846123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Peipei WuJing WangBrett PryorIsabella ValentinoDavid F. RitterKaiser LoelOlya YarychkivskaShai ShahamJustin KinneySevinc ErcanLeemor Joshua-TorChristopher M. HammellaCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724bCold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724cDepartment of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003dSimons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724eLaboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065fHHMI, W. M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606846123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606846123?af=R Linkage of nucleotide and functional diversity varies across gut bacteria https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521012123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceGut bacteria exhibit extensive genetic diversity that influences microbiome function and host health. The evolutionary forces shaping this diversity—homologous recombination and horizontal gene transfer (HGT)—remain poorly understood across ... Linkage of nucleotide and functional diversity varies across gut bacteria doi:10.1073/pnas.2521012123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Veronika DubinkinaByron J. SmithChunyu ZhaoCindy PinoKatherine S. PollardaGladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158bhttps://ror.org/00knt4f32Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158cDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2521012123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2521012123?af=R Vertical conveyor driving the integration of moisture transported by the westerlies to the Asian water towers’ atmospheric water cycle https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529749123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceRecent cryospheric imbalance across the Asian water towers, threatening water security for over two billion people, reflects the coupled effects of large-scale atmospheric circulation and global warming. Disentangling these effects remains ... Vertical conveyor driving the integration of moisture transported by the westerlies to the Asian water towers’ atmospheric water cycle doi:10.1073/pnas.2529749123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Jing GaoTandong YaoValérie Masson-DelmotteMartin WernerJean JouzelLonnie ThompsonMathieu CasadoHans Christian Steen-LarsenAlexandre CauquoinEllen Mosley-ThompsonZeqing HeRong CaiTaihua ZhangYigang LiuGebanruo ChenBaiqing XuGuangjian WuHongxi PangMaosheng HeaState Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinabLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA–CNRS–UVSQ–Paris-Saclay–IPSL, UMR8212, Université Paris Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, FrancecAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven D-27570, GermanydByrd Polar and Climate Research Center and School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210ehttps://ror.org/03zga2b32Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norwayfhttps://ror.org/057zh3y96Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 153-8505, JapangByrd Polar and Climate Research Center and Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210hAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, Chinaihttps://ror.org/01rxvg760Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinajNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529749123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529749123?af=R IL-33-induced ILC2 effector cytokine responses promote the expansion of red pulp macrophages https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609716123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceILC2s are essential in mucosal immunity against helminth infections and maintaining metabolic health by producing type 2 cytokines. However, they also contribute to the pathology of allergic inflammation in the lungs, intestines, and skin. ... IL-33-induced ILC2 effector cytokine responses promote the expansion of red pulp macrophages doi:10.1073/pnas.2609716123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Irina R. ItenNikolaos D. SidiropoulosLucas OnderAneta JończyChristoph S. N. KlosePhilippe KrebsKatarzyna Mleczko-SaneckaBurkhard LudewigChristoph SchneiderManfred KopfaDepartment of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerlandbhttps://ror.org/02crff812Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerlandchttps://ror.org/00gpmb873Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerlanddhttps://ror.org/01y3dkx74International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Polandehttps://ror.org/001w7jn25Department of Microbiology, Charité University Medicine, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germanyfhttps://ror.org/001w7jn25Cluster of Excellence ImmunoPreCept, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germanyghttps://ror.org/02k7v4d05Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609716123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609716123?af=R Structural promiscuity in the human circulatory IgA1 clonal repertoire https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533440123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceHuman immunoglobulin IgA occurs in diverse assemblies, mainly monomers (mIgA) and J-chain coupled dimers (dIgA). The general view is that these forms are produced at different sites, i.e., circulatory and mucosal, with mIgA assumed to ... Structural promiscuity in the human circulatory IgA1 clonal repertoire doi:10.1073/pnas.2533440123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Amber D. RollandSofia Kalaidopoulou NteakGestur VidarssonAlbert BondtAlbert J. R. Heckahttps://ror.org/04pp8hn57Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlandsbhttps://ror.org/02z3zn824Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht 3584 CH, The NetherlandscSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2533440123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2533440123?af=R 3D epithelial cell topology tunes signaling range to promote precise patterning https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522727123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceCell communication is essential to coordinate cellular functions within living organisms. Our study shows that three-dimensional (3D) cell shapes can directly impact contact-based Notch-Delta signaling to modify signaling range and set SOP ... 3D epithelial cell topology tunes signaling range to promote precise patterning doi:10.1073/pnas.2522727123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Giulia PaciFrancisco BerkemeierBuzz BaumKaren M. PageYanlan MaoaLaboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdombInstitute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdomchttps://ror.org/013meh722Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdomdhttps://ror.org/013meh722Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United KingdomeDivision of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United KingdomfDepartment of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2522727123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2522727123?af=R Low-barrier hydrogen bond powers long-range radical transfer in the metal-free ribonucleotide reductase https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529856123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceRibonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are ancient enzymes responsible for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. RNRs catalyze this reaction via a long-range proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, involving the ... Low-barrier hydrogen bond powers long-range radical transfer in the metal-free ribonucleotide reductase doi:10.1073/pnas.2529856123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Abhishek SirohiwalJuliane JohnYury KutinRohit KumarFederico BasergaVivek SrinivasHugo LebretteMaximilian C. PöverleinAna P. Gamiz-HernandezJoachim HeberleMüge KasanmascheffMartin HögbomVille R. I. KailaaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm 10691, SwedenbDepartment of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, IndiacDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund 44227, GermanydExperimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, GermanyeLaboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31062, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2529856123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2529856123?af=R Force patterning drives quasistratification and graded tissue-scale spatial order in auditory epithelia https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519341123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe ordered arrangement of mechanosensory hair cells in vertebrate auditory epithelia relies on mechanical interactions among multiple cell types. Yet, how local mechanical heterogeneity produces tissue-scale organization remains unresolved. ... Force patterning drives quasistratification and graded tissue-scale spatial order in auditory epithelia doi:10.1073/pnas.2519341123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Julian WeningerAnubhav PrakashSukanya RamanRaj K. LadherMadan RaoKarsten Kruseahttps://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerlandbhttps://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerlandchttps://ror.org/02j1xr113Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat 131029, IndiadNational Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamentals Research, Bangalore 560065, India Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2519341123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2519341123?af=R Trade-offs between light absorption and energy transfer in a marine light-harvesting complex 2 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531363123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) antenna of purple bacteria is a model system for photosynthetic light harvesting. The discovery of its delocalized excited states established a picture in which delocalization and associated rapid energy ... Trade-offs between light absorption and energy transfer in a marine light-harvesting complex 2 doi:10.1073/pnas.2531363123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Graham P. SchmidtDihao WangAmala PhadkuleChern ChuangMike ReppertGabriela S. Schlau-CohenaDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154dDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531363123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531363123?af=R Comparing variable selection and model averaging methods for logistic regression https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534552123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceLogistic regression is a statistical method used to model binary outcome variables, such as whether a patient recovers or not, using a set of predictors. There are many competing methods for addressing uncertainty when selecting predictors, ... Comparing variable selection and model averaging methods for logistic regression doi:10.1073/pnas.2534552123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Nikola SekulovskiFrantišek BartošDon van den BerghGiuseppe ArenaHenrik R. GodmannVipasha GoyalJulius M. PfadtMaarten MarsmanAdrian E. RafteryaDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NK, The NetherlandsbDepartment of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534552123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534552123?af=R A PKA-selective inhibitor captures an open but more ordered conformation of the PKA catalytic subunit https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536312123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceA potent protein kinase A (PKA)-selective kinase inhibitor, BLU0588, stabilizes the PKA catalytic subunit in an unusual open conformation and also abolishes the synergistic high-affinity binding of the physiological pseudosubstrate inhibitor ... A PKA-selective inhibitor captures an open but more ordered conformation of the PKA catalytic subunit doi:10.1073/pnas.2536312123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Jessica G. H. BruystensJian WuGerald TanDaniela BertinettiHans-Michael ZennBastian ZimmermannLisa ChenJohannes KöckenbergerFederica MassaroBanumathi SankaranMatthew S. WaltersGianluigi VegliaFleur M. FergusonFriedrich W. HerbergSusan S. TayloraDepartment of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel 34109, GermanycBiaffin GmBH & CoKG, Kassel 34132, GermanydDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093eDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotafMolecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720gSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093hDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536312123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536312123?af=R Social media promotion improves job market outcomes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528289123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceSocial media has transformed the speed and scope of information dissemination. While academics use these platforms to promote their own and others’ research, their causal impact on hiring remains unclear. Furthermore, persistent disparities ... Social media promotion improves job market outcomes doi:10.1073/pnas.2528289123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Jingyi QiuYan ChenAlain CohnAlvin E. Rothahttps://ror.org/00jmfr291School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bhttps://ror.org/00f54p054Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 48109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528289123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528289123?af=R Sterol divergence across eukaryotic kingdoms determines membrane susceptibility to saponins, a class of plant defense compounds https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523859123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe basis for the selective activity of saponins across organisms, and for plant self-resistance during their biosynthesis and storage, is not fully understood. Here, we show that membrane sterol identity governs susceptibility to saponins and ... Sterol divergence across eukaryotic kingdoms determines membrane susceptibility to saponins, a class of plant defense compounds doi:10.1073/pnas.2523859123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Malbor DervishiJan GüntherJinhui LiHuriye Deniz UzunHans Christian Bruun HansenThomas Günther PomorskiAnja Thoe FuglsangViviana MonjeSøren Bakahttps://ror.org/035b05819Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmarkbhttps://ror.org/01y64my43Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260chttps://ror.org/04tsk2644Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523859123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523859123?af=R Demonstrating real advantage of machine learning–enhanced Monte Carlo for combinatorial optimization https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534768123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn this work, we address a question that has attracted intense interest in recent years: whether machine learning-assisted algorithms can genuinely outperform classical approaches in challenging combinatorial optimization problems. While ... Demonstrating real advantage of machine learning–enhanced Monte Carlo for combinatorial optimization doi:10.1073/pnas.2534768123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Luca Maria Del BonoFederico Ricci-TersenghiFrancesco Zamponiahttps://ror.org/02be6w209Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italybhttps://ror.org/00bc51d88CNR-Nanotec, Rome unit, Rome 00185, ItalycIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Roma1, Rome 00185, Italy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534768123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534768123?af=R Reconstructing ancient genomes from gene counts: A robust likelihood framework with sampling bias correction https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537812123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceHow has evolution shaped the diverse gene repertoires of extant genomes? We find that current methods seeking to reconcile a genome phylogeny with complex gene sequence histories quickly hit a crisis-point where the phylogenetic signal for ... Reconstructing ancient genomes from gene counts: A robust likelihood framework with sampling bias correction doi:10.1073/pnas.2537812123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Miklós Csűrösahttps://ror.org/0161xgx34Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537812123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537812123?af=R Inflammasome adaptor protein ASC is a mechanistic checkpoint in IL-1β maturation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537563123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceInflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that activate caspase-1 and other inflammatory caspases in response to pathogenic and damage stimuli. While inflammasomes play important roles in host defense, their excessive activation leads to ... Inflammasome adaptor protein ASC is a mechanistic checkpoint in IL-1β maturation doi:10.1073/pnas.2537563123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Giti SahaPratibha AnchiRichard WangAlyssa BiondoSadie MeyerVinata KondraguntaLarry L. LuchsingerIsmail SyedHumayun SharifHao WuVenkat Giri MagupalliaLaboratory of Molecular and Mechanistic Cell Signaling, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, Rye, NY 10580bLaboratory of Stem Cell Regenerative Research, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, Rye, NY 10580cDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab EmirateseDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115fProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537563123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537563123?af=R Clinician behavior when skin tone affects test results https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530585123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThere is growing attention and concern about racial biases in some of the decision tools that clinicians use to decide on medical interventions, but considerably less evidence on the downstream consequences of these biases for patient ... Clinician behavior when skin tone affects test results doi:10.1073/pnas.2530585123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Marcella AlsanLiran EinavAmy FinkelsteinJonathan ZhangaDepartment of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138cDepartment of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139dSanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708eUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2530585123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2530585123?af=R How endosomal PIKfyve inhibition prevents viral membrane fusion and entry https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535333123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceWhy does inhibiting the endosomal lipid kinase PIKfyve, which generates PI(5)P and PI(3,5)P2, block entry of some enveloped viruses but spare vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G)? Using single-round infectivity and live-cell three-dimensional (... How endosomal PIKfyve inhibition prevents viral membrane fusion and entry doi:10.1073/pnas.2535333123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Nicholas ChowGustavo ScanavachiAnand SaminathanTom KirchhausenaProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115bDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2535333123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2535333123?af=R Evaluating the statistical realism of LLM-generated social science data https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538145123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceLarge language models (LLMs) enable the generation of data that could potentially be analyzed for social research. While the need for assessing the validity of such AI-generated data is widely recognized, we do not yet have a coherent ... Evaluating the statistical realism of LLM-generated social science data doi:10.1073/pnas.2538145123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Yueqi XieLemeng LiangShuzhen LiYifu LuZhiwen XiaoMengdi ShiJunming HuangMengdi WangYu Xieahttps://ror.org/00hx57361Paul and Marcia Center on Contemporary China, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540bhttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540chttps://ror.org/00hx57361Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540dhttps://ror.org/02v51f717Center for Social Research, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2538145123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2538145123?af=R D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2504793123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceOur work reveals how the D614G mutation in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein reshapes its internal communication pathways and speeds up receptor binding domain (RBD) opening, providing mechanistic ... D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes doi:10.1073/pnas.2504793123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Fiona L. KearnsAnthony T. BogettiCarla Calvó-TusellMac Kevin E. BrazaLorenzo CasalinoAmanda J. GrammSean BraetMia A. RosenfeldHarinda RajapakshaBryan BarkerGanesh AnandLillian T. ChongSurl-Hee AhnRommie E. AmaroaDepartment of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0340bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260cDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0340dDepartment of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802eOracle for Research, Oracle Cloud, Austin, TX 78741fDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2504793123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2504793123?af=R Measurement of atomic scattering factors by cryoelectron microscopy https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528758123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding the structure of biomolecules is key to explaining their function. Cryoelectron microscopy is a method for reconstructing the electrostatic potential distribution of a biological macromolecule, a quantity which contains ... Measurement of atomic scattering factors by cryoelectron microscopy doi:10.1073/pnas.2528758123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Alexander ShtyrovHugh WilsonDaria SlowikKeitaro YamashitaJade LiMarcin WojdyrShaoxia ChenGreg McMullanJude M. ShortChristopher J. RussoRichard HendersonGarib N. MurshudovaMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Structural Studies Division, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United KingdombStructural Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, JapancGlobal Phasing Limited (United Kingdom), Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528758123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528758123?af=R Evolution of species’ range and niche in changing environments https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604510123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceIn a time of accelerating climate change, we need a predictive theory of species’ range shifts, adaptation, and resilience of populations. Currently, predictions rely on theory that fails to incorporate the effects of interactions between ... Evolution of species’ range and niche in changing environments doi:10.1073/pnas.2604510123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Jitka PolechováaDepartment of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2604510123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2604510123?af=R Timing and origins of Mexican and Central American oak diversity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537040123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study sheds light on the origins and assembly of a temperate biodiversity hotspot. In examining oak evolution in Mexican and Central American mountains, we reveal that temperate forest tree dispersal into new habitats can drive rapid ... Timing and origins of Mexican and Central American oak diversity doi:10.1073/pnas.2537040123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Kieran N. AlthausMarlene HahnSilvia Alvarez-ClareJeannine Cavender-BaresAllen J. CoombesMaría del Socorro González-ElizondoAntonio González-RodríguezPaul S. ManosHernando Rodríguez-CorreaSusana Valencia-ÁvalosAndrew L. Hippahttps://ror.org/024mw5h28Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bhttps://ror.org/016s23c19Herbarium, Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 606532chttps://ror.org/016s23c19Global Tree Conservation Program, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 606532dhttps://ror.org/03vek6s52Harvard University Herbaria and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138eHerbarium and Botanic Garden, Benemerita University of Puebla University, Puebla 72000, Méxicofhttps://ror.org/059sp8j34Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango 34220, Méxicoghttps://ror.org/01tmp8f25Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Méxicohhttps://ror.org/00py81415Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708ihttps://ror.org/01tmp8f25Laboratorio de Biología Neotropical, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Méxicojhttps://ror.org/01tmp8f25Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Méxicokhttps://ror.org/00mh9zx15Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2537040123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2537040123?af=R Global crop introduction drives host jumps, turning native pathogens into emerging diseases https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536984123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/>Global crop movement has traditionally been viewed as a major driver of emerging plant diseases through the introduction of pathogens into naïve environments. Here we show that the reverse process, introducing crops into regions containing endemic ... Global crop introduction drives host jumps, turning native pathogens into emerging diseases doi:10.1073/pnas.2536984123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-08T07:00:00Z Uma CrouchAndrew PaulIgnazio CarboneUwe BraunBailey PeltGerald HolmesSusumu TakamatsuDan-Ni JinShu-Yan LiuMichael BradshawaCenter for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606bInstitute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale) 06099, GermanycStrawberry Center, College of Agriculture, Food & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407dProfessor Emeritus, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapaneDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2536984123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2536984123?af=R Improving the job market in economics (and beyond…) https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609971123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Improving the job market in economics (and beyond…) doi:10.1073/pnas.2609971123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Peter L. Rousseauahttps://ror.org/02vm5rt34Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2609971123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2609971123?af=R The cortical canvas https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610120123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> The cortical canvas doi:10.1073/pnas.2610120123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Bevil R. ConwaySpencer R. LoggiaaLaboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute and National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892bNeuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2610120123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610120123?af=R Selection maintains diversity in a connected ocean https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605416123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Selection maintains diversity in a connected ocean doi:10.1073/pnas.2605416123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Nina Overgaard TherkildsenaDepartment of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2605416123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2605416123?af=R Did it all begin with hydrogen cyanide? https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608465123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Did it all begin with hydrogen cyanide? doi:10.1073/pnas.2608465123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Martin RahmaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2608465123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2608465123?af=R Convergent antibody solutions revealed by focused humanized repertoires https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606253123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Convergent antibody solutions revealed by focused humanized repertoires doi:10.1073/pnas.2606253123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Maria Maddalena PerraJayanta ChaudhuriaImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2606253123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2606253123?af=R Acupuncture does not work and has no place in science-based medicine https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613544123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Acupuncture does not work and has no place in science-based medicine doi:10.1073/pnas.2613544123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-07T07:00:00Z Piet BorstAnton BernsRoel NusseaThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The NetherlandsbHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613544123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613544123?af=R Climatic mechanisms underlying a southwestern French Neanderthal refugium at the onset of the last glaciation https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610884123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Climatic mechanisms underlying a southwestern French Neanderthal refugium at the onset of the last glaciation doi:10.1073/pnas.2610884123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z María Fernanda Sánchez GoñiFrancesco d’ErricoaEnvironnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, UMR 5805, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, Département des Sciences de l’Environnement, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33615, FrancebPACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Département des Sciences Archéologiques, Pessac 33615, Francechttps://ror.org/03zga2b32Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour, Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2610884123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2610884123?af=R Correction for Esposito et al., Three-dimensional high-content imaging of unstained soft tissue with subcellular resolution using a laboratory-based X-ray microscope https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612811123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Esposito et al., Three-dimensional high-content imaging of unstained soft tissue with subcellular resolution using a laboratory-based X-ray microscope doi:10.1073/pnas.2612811123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2612811123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2612811123?af=R Correction for Walls et al., The radical SAM enzyme EpeE exhibits distinct site reactivity during the biosynthesis of the RiPP natural product epipeptide https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611961123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Walls et al., The radical SAM enzyme EpeE exhibits distinct site reactivity during the biosynthesis of the RiPP natural product epipeptide doi:10.1073/pnas.2611961123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611961123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611961123?af=R Correction for Konstantoulea et al., Phagocytes as plaque catalysts: Human macrophages generate seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils with cross-seeding activity https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613397123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Konstantoulea et al., Phagocytes as plaque catalysts: Human macrophages generate seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils with cross-seeding activity doi:10.1073/pnas.2613397123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613397123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613397123?af=R Correction for Andrews et al., Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613717123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Andrews et al., Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes doi:10.1073/pnas.2613717123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-06T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613717123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613717123?af=R Correction for Osvatic et al., Global biogeography of chemosynthetic symbionts reveals both localized and globally distributed symbiont groups https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611059123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Osvatic et al., Global biogeography of chemosynthetic symbionts reveals both localized and globally distributed symbiont groups doi:10.1073/pnas.2611059123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2611059123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2611059123?af=R Correction for Matsumura et al., Stress-induced organismal death is genetically regulated by the mTOR–Zeste–Phae1 axis https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613748123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. <br/> Correction for Matsumura et al., Stress-induced organismal death is genetically regulated by the mTOR–Zeste–Phae1 axis doi:10.1073/pnas.2613748123 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026-05-04T07:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 19 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 2026-05-12T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2613748123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2613748123?af=R