Biological Sciences / Anthropology -- New results matching your topic search. https://www.pnas.org/action/doSearch?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Anthropology Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences en-US http://www.atypon.com/images/atypon_logo_small.gif http://www.atypon.com https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534576123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 13, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceWe present a high-quality genome of a ~110,000-y-old male Neandertal from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains. He as well as a ~120,000-y-old Neandertal from the same cave lived in smaller and more isolated groups than later Neandertals in ... A high-coverage Neandertal genome from the Altai Mountains reveals population structure among Neandertals doi:10.1073/pnas.2534576123 2026-03-23T07:00:00Z Diyendo MassilaniStéphane PeyrégneLeonardo N. M. IasiCesare de FilippoFabrizio MafessoniAlba Bossoms MesaArev P. SümerYaniv SwielDivyaratan PopliShahar SilvermanMichael James BoyleMaxim B. KozlikinMichael V. ShunkovAnatoly P. DereviankoTom HighamKaterina DoukaMatthias MeyerHugo ZebergJanet KelsoSvante PääboaDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510bDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, GermanycDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, ItalydInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaeDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, AustriafHuman Evolution and Archaeological Sciences Network, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 13 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z 2026-03-31T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2534576123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2534576123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508402123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 11, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe Doggerland landmass connected North-Western Europe during the Late Pleistocene (approximately 129 to 11.7 ka) and Early Holocene (approximately 11.7 to 8.2 ka) and was likely a key area for Mesolithic peoples. In this study, we show the ... Early colonization before inundation consistent with northern glacial refugia in Southern Doggerland revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA doi:10.1073/pnas.2508402123 2026-03-10T07:00:00Z Robin G. AllabyRosie WareRebecca CribdonTeri A. HansfordTim KinnairdDerek HamiltonLogan KistlerPhil MurgatroydRichard BatesSimon FitchVincent GaffneyaFaculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United KingdombFaculty of Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9AL, United KingdomcFaculty of Management, Sciences and Engineering, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Scottish Enterprise Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, United KingdomdDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560eSchool of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 11 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2508402123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508402123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523038123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 11, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceHumans spread across nearly every terrestrial habitat in a timeframe far too short to be explained by biological evolution alone. Humans thrive in environments ranging from Arctic tundra to tropical forests and deserts. This study shows that ... Cultural evolution accelerated human range expansion by more than two orders of magnitude doi:10.1073/pnas.2523038123 2026-03-12T07:00:00Z Charles PerreaultaInstitute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-8404bSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 11 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2523038123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2523038123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526276123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 11, March 2026. <br/>SignificanceUnderstanding ancient diets is one of the keys to reconstructing lifeways and social structures. In what are now arid regions like southern Mesopotamia, poor collagen preservation has long hindered direct dietary reconstructions. Here, we ... When collagen fails: Zinc isotopes unlock Sumerian lifeways in southern Mesopotamia doi:10.1073/pnas.2526276123 2026-03-09T07:00:00Z Matteo GiaccariLicia RomanoSilvia SoncinSofia PanellaFrancesca AlhaiqueFranco D’AgostinoKlervia JaouenMary Anne TafuriaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, ItalybSchool of Historical and Philosophical Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliacDepartment Italian Institute of Oriental Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, ItalydDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, ItalyeBioarchaeology Service, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome 00144, ItalyfGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5563, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse 31400, France Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 11 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 2026-03-17T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2526276123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2526276123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531003123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 8, February 2026. <br/>SignificanceThis study offers ancient DNA evidence illuminating the genetic legacy of the Mongol Empire, particularly the Golden Horde in Central Eurasia. By analyzing individuals from medieval elite mausoleums in central Kazakstan, we confirm the ... Genomes of the Golden Horde elites and their implications for the rulers of the Mongol Empire doi:10.1073/pnas.2531003123 2026-02-19T08:00:00Z Ayken AskapuliHideaki Kanzawa-KiriyamaTsuneo KakudaAibar KassenaliSyrym YessenUli SchamilogluSteven J. SchrodiJohn HawksNaruya SaitouaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706bSchool of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakstancDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, JapandDepartment of Legal Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, JapaneCenter for the Study and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Astana 010000, KazakstanfAstana International University, Astana 010000, KazakstangDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706hDepartment of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706iNational Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 8 2026-02-24T08:00:00Z 2026-02-24T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531003123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531003123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516263123?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 3, January 2026. <br/>SignificanceDespite their rich cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity, Sudanese populations have been largely underrepresented in human genetic research, particularly in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) datasets. Here, we present 125 high-coverage ... Sudan’s complex genetic admixture history drives adaptation to malaria in Sudanese Copts doi:10.1073/pnas.2516263123 2026-01-06T08:00:00Z Laura Vilà-VallsJorge Garcia-CallejaJavier Prado-MartinezElena BoschAida M. AndrésMihai G. NeteaDavid ComasHisham Y. HassanaInstitute of Evolutionary Biology (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, SpainbDivision of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdomcDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, NetherlandsdDepartment of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, GermanyeBanoon Assisted Reproductive Technology and Cytogenetics Centre, Military Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Riffa 28743, Kingdom of Bahrain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 3 2026-01-20T08:00:00Z 2026-01-20T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2516263123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2516263123?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509977122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 51, December 2025. <br/>SignificanceThe hormone oxytocin is linked to reproduction, social bonding, and health. To date, no single study has investigated oxytocin in both sexes across the life course. Working with the Tsimane of lowland Bolivia—a subsistence population with high ... Oxytocin varies across the life course in a sex-specific way in a human subsistence population doi:10.1073/pnas.2509977122 2025-12-15T08:00:00Z Abigail E. ColbyDominik C. JudValerie BaettigJordan S. MartinCamila ScaffMichael D. GurvenBenjamin C. TrumbleBret A. BeheimPaul L. HooperDaniel K. CummingsHillard KaplanJonathan StieglitzArnulfo Cary IstaAdrian V. JaeggiaHuman Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, SwitzerlandbInstitute of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, SwitzerlandcDepartment of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum 6047, SwitzerlanddLaboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Départment d’études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Paris 75005, FranceeDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106fSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287gDepartment of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, GermanyhDepartment of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131iEconomic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866jToulouse School of Economics, Toulouse 31080, FrancekManguito, Beni Province, Manguito, Bolivia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 51 2025-12-23T08:00:00Z 2025-12-23T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2509977122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2509977122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2426309122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. <br/>SignificanceNeanderthals are the subject of an enduring debate regarding possible nasal adaptations and their impact on craniofacial morphology. Yet, this debate has been strongly influenced by the lack of a preserved nasal cavity in the human fossil ... The first preserved nasal cavity in the human fossil record: The Neanderthal from Altamura doi:10.1073/pnas.2426309122 2025-11-17T08:00:00Z Costantino BuziAntonio ProficoCarlos LorenzoGiorgio ManziaInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, SpainbDepartament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43002, SpaincDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Center for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, GermanydDepartment of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, ItalyeDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, ItalyfDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 48 2025-12-02T08:00:00Z 2025-12-02T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2426309122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2426309122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531928122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. <br/> Correction for Bachellerie et al., Châtelperronian cultural diversity at its western limits: Shell beads and pigments from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire doi:10.1073/pnas.2531928122 2025-11-24T08:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 48 2025-12-02T08:00:00Z 2025-12-02T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2531928122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2531928122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524502122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 47, November 2025. <br/>Lethal coalitionary intergroup aggression is a conspicuous aspect of wild chimpanzee behavior. Evidence indicates that such violence can lead to territorial expansion, but whether this results in fitness benefits is unknown. Here, we show that female ... Female fertility and infant survivorship increase following lethal intergroup aggression and territorial expansion in wild chimpanzees doi:10.1073/pnas.2524502122 2025-11-17T08:00:00Z Brian M. WoodDavid P. WattsKevin E. LangergraberJohn C. MitaniaDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bDepartment of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, GermanycDepartment of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511dSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287eInstitute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287fDepartment of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 47 2025-11-25T08:00:00Z 2025-11-25T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2524502122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2524502122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518974122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. <br/>SignificanceThe Crimean Peninsula contains key Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitional archaeological sites, including the site of Starosele, where we identified a new Neanderthal; Star 1. This study highlights the integration of Zooarchaeology by Mass ... A new late Neanderthal from Crimea reveals long-distance connections across Eurasia doi:10.1073/pnas.2518974122 2025-10-27T07:00:00Z Emily M. PigottKonstantina CheshmedzhievaElke ZellerLaura G. van der SluisManasij Pal ChowdhuryMaddalena GianniEmese VéghThorsten UthmeierVictor ChabaiMarylène Patou-MathisPetra G. ŠimkováJana N. VoglmayrGerhard W. WeberRon PinhasiAxel TimmermannMartin KuhlwilmKaterina DoukaThomas HighamaDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, AustriabHuman Evolution and Archaeological Science Network, Vienna 1030, AustriacDepartment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721dInstitut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, GermanyeInstitute of Archaeology, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Kyiv 04210, UkrainefMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris 75013, FrancegInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Climate Physics, Busan 46241, South KoreahDepartment of Integrated Climate System Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 45 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2518974122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2518974122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520143122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. <br/> Doubting doubly labeled water doi:10.1073/pnas.2520143122 2025-11-03T08:00:00Z Chika Edward UzoigweaDepartment of Surgery, Medicine and Science, Harcourt House, Sheffield S10 1DG, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 45 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520143122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520143122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520874122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. <br/> Reply to Uzoigwe: DLW is safe and validated doi:10.1073/pnas.2520874122 2025-11-03T08:00:00Z Amanda McGroskyAmy LukeJennifer RoodHiroyuki SagayamaKlaas R. WesterterpWilliam W. WongYosuke YamadaJohn R. SpeakmanHerman PontzeraDepartment of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244bDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153cPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808dFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapaneNutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht 6200 MD, The NetherlandsfDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030gDepartment of Sports and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, JapanhDepartment of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, JapaniInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United KingdomjCenter for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinakDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708lDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 45 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2520874122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2520874122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528950122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 45, November 2025. <br/> Correction for Zhou et al., 9,000-year-old barley consumption in the foothills of central Asia doi:10.1073/pnas.2528950122 2025-11-05T08:00:00Z Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 45 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 2025-11-11T08:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2528950122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2528950122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508091122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 40, October 2025. <br/>SignificanceSocial scientists often assume that when men can marry multiple wives (polygyny), many other men will be unable to marry. Versions of this assumption feature prominently in theories of civil war, the evolution of monogamy, and the incel ... High rates of polygyny do not lock large proportions of men out of the marriage market doi:10.1073/pnas.2508091122 2025-10-03T07:00:00Z Hampton GaddyRebecca SearLaura FortunatoaDepartment of Economic History, London School of Economics, London WC2A 3LZ, United KingdombLeverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1JD, United KingdomcCentre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, United KingdomdInstitute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6QS, United KingdomeSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 40 2025-10-07T07:00:00Z 2025-10-07T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2508091122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508091122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508014122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 39, September 2025. <br/>SignificanceThe period between roughly 55 and 42 ka in Eurasia witnessed considerable biocultural changes, including the demic replacement of local Neanderthal populations by dispersingHomo sapiensgroups. Once thought to be a rapid, monolithic process, ... Châtelperronian cultural diversity at its western limits: Shell beads and pigments from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire doi:10.1073/pnas.2508014122 2025-09-22T07:00:00Z François BachellerieBrad GravinaSolange RigaudLaure DayetMarc ThomasLoïc LebretonEugène MorinCamille LesageChristophe FalguèresEdouard BardJean-Jacques BahainMickaël BailletCédric BeauvalJean-Guillaume BordesGérald CulioliThibaut DevièseDamien FlasLisa GarbéGuillaume GuérinFrançois Lacrampe-CuyaubèreChristelle LahayeCarolina MallolJosserand MarotBruno MaureilleAlexandre MichelXavier MuthOlivier RegniersElise TartarNicolas TeyssandierAdrien ThibeaultDominique TodiscoOlivier TombretHélène RougierIsabelle CrevecoeuraArchéologie Alsace, Sélestat 67600, FrancebDe la Préhistoire à l'Actuel:Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Ministère de la Culture, Pessac 33600, FrancecMusée national de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies 24620, FrancedEnvironnement Dynamique et Territoires de la Montagne, UMR 5204 EDYTEM, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac 73376, FranceeTravaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés, UMR 5608 TRACES, CNRS, Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse 31058, FrancefInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, SpaingDepartament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43002, SpainhDepartment of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, CanadaiInterdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour, ICArEHB, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, PortugaljHistoire Naturelle des Humanités Préhistoriques, UMR 7194 HNHP, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle-CNRS-Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Paris 75013, FrancekCentre de recherche et d’enseignementdes géosciences de l’environnement, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Recherches pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l'environnement, Collège de France, Aix-en-Provence 13545, FrancelSchool of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. ChinamSociété à responsabilité limitée Archéosphère, Quillan 11500, FrancenInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE, Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon 84029, FranceoLaboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique, UMR 7269 LAMPEA, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence13097, FrancepService de Préhistoire, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiqueqGéosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, FrancerArchéosciences Bordeaux, UMR 6034, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, École Pratique des Hautes Études-Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, FrancesInstituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38206, SpaintService départemental de l’Archéologie, Conseil départemental de la Charente-Maritime, Saint-Césaire 17770, FranceuService départemental de l’Archéologie, Conseil départemental de la Dordogne, Périgueux 24000, FrancevSARL Get in Situ, Riex CH1097, Switzerlandwi-Sea, Pessac 33600, FrancexIdentité et différenciation de l’espace, de l’environnement et des sociétés, UMR 6266 IDEES, CNRS, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Mont Saint-Aignan 76821, FranceyDepartment of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 39 2025-09-30T07:00:00Z 2025-09-30T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2508014122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2508014122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506162122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. <br/>SignificanceThis study is significant because it utilizes a variety of methods, including ancient DNA, to assess a vital question regarding the florescence of a population in Northern Mexico. Ongoing debate regarding the causes behind these significant ... A reanalysis of population dynamics in the Casas Grandes region of Northern Mexico using mitochondrial DNA doi:10.1073/pnas.2506162122 2025-09-15T07:00:00Z Meradeth SnowMichael T. SearcyRachel SummersTre BlohmLacy HazelwoodHolli McDonaldSamuel J. JensenJose Luis Punzo-DíazaUniversity of Montana, Anthropology Department, Missoula, MT 59812bBrigham Young University, Anthropology Department, Provo, UT 84602cUniversity of Oklahoma, Anthropology Department, Norman, OK 73019dInstituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Morelia, Michoacán 58000, México Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 38 2025-09-23T07:00:00Z 2025-09-23T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2506162122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2506162122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2424093122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 36, September 2025. <br/>SignificanceHere, we present archaeobotanical data for ancient barley grains in association with sickle blades and grinding stones from the cave of Toda in the foothills of southern Uzbekistan. This finding helps shed light on one of the greatest ... 9,000-year-old barley consumption in the foothills of central Asia doi:10.1073/pnas.2424093122 2025-08-25T07:00:00Z Xinying ZhouRobert N. SpenglerBahediyoh SayfullaevKhasanov MutalibjonJian MaJunchi LiuHui ShenKeliang ZhaoGuanhan ChenJian WangThomas A. StidhamHai XuGuilin ZhangQingjiang YangYemao HouJiacheng MaNasibillo KambarovHongen JiangFarhod MaksudovSteven GoldsteinJianxin WangDorian Q. FullerXiaoqiang LiaKey Scientific Research Base on Paleolithic Human Evolution and Paleogenetics (State Cultural Heritage Administration), Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, ChinabCollege of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710068, ChinacCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinadDomestication and Anthropogenic Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena 07745, GermanyeNational Center of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100047, UzbekistanfFaculty of History, University of Ferghana, Ferghana 712000, UzbekistangDepartment of Biology, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090hInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaiDepartment of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261jInstitute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 36 2025-09-09T07:00:00Z 2025-09-09T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2424093122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2424093122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2420902122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 29, July 2025. <br/>SignificanceEconomic development is associated with increased prevalence of obesity and related health problems, but the relative importance of increased caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure remains unresolved. We show that daily energy ... Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum doi:10.1073/pnas.2420902122 2025-07-14T07:00:00Z Amanda McGroskyAmy LukeLeonore ArabKweku Bedu-AddoAlberto G. BonomiPascal BovetSoren BrageMaciej S. BuchowskiNancy ButteStefan G. CampsRegina CasperDaniel K. CummingsSai Krupa DasSanjoy DebLara R. DugasUlf EkelundTerrence ForresterBarry W. FudgeMelanie GillinghamAnnelies H. GorisMichael GurvenCatherine HamblyAnnemiek JoosenPeter T. KatzmarzykKitty P. KempenWilliam E. KrausWantanee KriengsinyosRebecca KuriyanRobert F. KushnerEstelle V. LambertChristel L. LarssonWilliam R. LeonardNader LessanMarie LöfCorby K. MartinAnine C. MedinMarian L. NeuhouserKirsi H. PietilainenGuy PlasquiRoss L. PrenticeSusan B. RacetteDavid A. RaichlenEric RavussinLeanne RedmanRebecca M. ReynoldsEric B. RimmSusan RobertsAsher Y. RosingerMary H. SamuelsSrishti SinhaJ. Josh SnodgrassEric SticeRicardo UauySamuel S. UrlacherJeanine A. VerbuntBruce WolfeBrian WoodXueying ZhangAlexia J. Murphy-AlfordCornelia J. LoechlJennifer RoodHiroyuki SagayamaDale A. SchoellerKlaas R. WesterterpWilliam W. WongYosuke YamadaJohn R. SpeakmanHerman PontzeraDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708bDepartment of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244cDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153dDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095eDepartment of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST-Kumasi, GhanafPhillips Research, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The NetherlandsgUniversity Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, SwitzerlandhMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United KingdomiDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232jDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030kClinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research and National University Health System, Singapore 138669, SingaporelPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5723mEconomic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866nJean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111oCambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United KingdompDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaqDepartment of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, NorwayrSolutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicasUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United KingdomtDepartment of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239uOnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen 6708 WE, The NetherlandsvDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106wInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United KingdomxNutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht 6200 MD, The NetherlandsyPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808zDepartment of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710aaInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandbbDivision of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore 560034, IndiaccDepartment of Medicine and Medical Education, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611ddHealth through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South AfricaeeDepartment of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, SwedenffImperial College London Diabetes Centre, PO Box 48338, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesggImperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomhhDepartment of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet 141 83, Huddinge, SwedeniiDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, NorwayjjDepartment of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand 4630, NorwaykkDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109llHealthy Weight Hub, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00280, FinlandmmDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The NetherlandsnnCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004ooBiological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089ppCentre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United KingdomqqDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115rrGeisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755ssDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802ttDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802uuDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239vvDepartment of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403wwInstitute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, ChilexxDepartment of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798yyOregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239zzDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095aaaDepartment of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, GermanybbbCenter for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, ChinacccNutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna A-1400, AustriadddFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapaneeeBiotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706fffDepartment of Sports and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, JapangggDepartment of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, JapanhhhDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710Lene F. AndersenLinda BandiniStephan BranthNiels C. De BruinRichard CooperAlice E. DutmanCara B. EbbelingMikael FogelholmTamara HarrisRik HeijligenbergHans U. JorgensenDavid S. LudwigEric MatsikoMargaret McCloskeyGerwin A. MeijerDaphne L. PannemansRenaat M. PhilippaertsJacob Plange-RhuleElisabet M. RothenbergSabine SchulzAlbert StunkardAmy SubarMinna TanskanenRicardo UauyRita Van den Berg-EmonsLudo M. van EttenWim G. Van GemertErica J. Velthuis-te WierikWilhelmine W. Verboeket-van de VenneWalter C. Willett Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 29 2025-07-22T07:00:00Z 2025-07-22T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2420902122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2420902122?af=R https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2500405122?af=R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 28, July 2025. <br/>SignificanceMales were long believed to dominate females socially in most primates. Recent studies have challenged this perspective, paving the way for a more comprehensive exploration of male–female power relations. Here, we quantify and examine ... The evolution of male–female dominance relations in primate societies doi:10.1073/pnas.2500405122 2025-07-07T07:00:00Z Elise HuchardPeter M. KappelerNikolaos SmitClaudia FichtelDieter LukasaAnthropologie Evolutive, Institut des Sciences de L’Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier 34095, FrancebBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, GermanycDepartment of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, GermanydDepartment of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 28 2025-07-15T07:00:00Z 2025-07-15T07:00:00Z 10.1073/pnas.2500405122 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2500405122?af=R