<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788</id><updated>2024-12-18T19:31:39.324-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Química e Muito Mais</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13333221603892768268</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>50</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5652044739552565249</id><published>2012-06-25T11:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-25T11:00:00.863-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equilíbrio Químico: pH e pOH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Na água ocorre o fenômeno de auto-ionização em baixa extensão:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O +&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A representação da constante de equilíbrio para o processo seria:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K = [H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] / [H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O] [H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K [H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Como a concentração de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O é constante, pode&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/phpoh.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNlcjo4MDdlOWI4NDUxYzFlZTBlNTQ1NzgyZGU2YTk4YzVjNjp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;ser&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;incorporada a K, originando K&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;. O K&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é conhecido como&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/phpoh.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG86Zjg4NzQzNjM5MTAxZDczZGFhMDQ5YmMxMTI4OWM1MDI6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produto&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;iônico da água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;e é dado por:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O seu valor varia com a temperatura. A 25ºC ele é igual a&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Em outras palavras,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = [H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] =&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Daí se conclui que na água pura a 25ºC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] =&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Este equilíbrio iônico faz com que sempre produto iônico da água seja respeitado. Se adicionarmos íons H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;na água pura, a concentração do íon OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;se reduz para manter a constância do produto iônico. Se adicionarmos íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;na água pura, a concentração do íon H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;se reduz pelo mesmo motivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A acidez ou basicidade de uma solução depende do predomínio do íon H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;. Uma maneira bastante prática de expressar a acidez ou basicidade de uma solução é a chamada escala de pH. Esta varia de 0 a 14. O ponto médio, pH = 7, representa o meio neutro ([H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;]). Para os valores menores que 7, temos o intervalo das soluções ácidas. Nele quanto mais próximo de zero, mais elevado o caráter ácido da solução([H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] &amp;gt; [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;]). Para os valores maiores que 7, temos o intervalo das soluções básicas. Nele quanto mais próximo de 14, mais elevado o caráter básico da solução([H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] &amp;lt; [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;]).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;65&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/escalaph.gif&quot; width=&quot;367&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O pH de uma solução pode ser definido a partir da concentração molar de íons H3O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[H&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-pH&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;126&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;soluções ácidas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;soluções neutras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#D1B9E6&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;soluções básicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; height=&quot;86&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH &amp;lt; 7&lt;br /&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;[OH&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;] &amp;lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; height=&quot;86&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH = 7&lt;br /&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;= 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;[OH&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#D1B9E6&quot; height=&quot;86&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH &amp;gt; 7&lt;br /&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;lt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;[OH&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;] &amp;gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;As definições de pH e pOH são dadas por:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; height=&quot;34&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = log (1/[H&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;])&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pH = - log [H&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#D1B9E6&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;pOH = log (1/[OH&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;])&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pH = - log [OH&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Como&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;log [H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] + log [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = log&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;log [H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] + log [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = -14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- log [H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] - log [OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = 14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 0,001M = 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH = 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;como a soma de pH e pOH sempre dá 14 (25°C), temos que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pOH = 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;] = 0,01 = 10&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pOH = 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;como a soma de pH e pOH sempre dá 14 (25°C), temos que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH = 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Generalizando,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH = n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[OH1-] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-14&lt;/sup&gt;/10&lt;sup&gt;-n&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;= 10&lt;sup&gt;(-14 - n)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pOH = 14 - n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr align=&quot;center&quot; /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/phpoh.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmV4ZW1wbG86ZDZiOWU4MjM5MWY0ZWExYjNkOGI5YTE2ZTU3NTJjNzc6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;Exemplo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ESPM)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Um proprietário de terras resolveu construir tanques de pesca. Escavou a terra, encheu o tanque de água e colocou algumas espécies de peixes. Após algum tempo, observou a contragosto que alguns peixes morreram. Levando uma amostra da água para análise, foi constatado que a água estava muito ácida e a concentração de íons H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;era igual a 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt;mol/L. Dado o pH de sobrevivência de algumas espécies de peixe (abaixo desse pH os peixes morrem), responda quais espécies poderão sobreviver neste tanque.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;peixe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;67%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH de sobrevivência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;trutas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;67%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;carpas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;67%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5,4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;piabas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;67%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;4,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = - log [H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;como [H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = - log 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = - (-5) log 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;como log 10 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As trutas suportam pH até 5,2 e as carpas até 5,4. Estes dois tipos de peixe morreriam nas condições do tanque. Como as piabas podem sobreviver até em pH = 4,5 , elas sobreviveriam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(FUVEST)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ao tomar dois copos de água, uma pessoa diluiu seu suco gástrico (solução contendo ácido clorídrico), de pH = 1, de 50 para 500mL. Qual será o pH da solução resultante logo após a ingestão da água?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; pH = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;temos que através de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-pH&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;como a diluição foi de um volume de 50 para um de 500mL, a diminuição na concentração de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;foi de 10 vezes. A concentração caiu de 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;M para 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;M.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = - log&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;pH = - log 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = - (-2) log 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;como log 10 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pH = 2 e a alternativa correta é a b.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5652044739552565249/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-ph-e-poh-na-agua.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5652044739552565249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5652044739552565249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-ph-e-poh-na-agua.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-135318200829804349</id><published>2012-06-25T02:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-25T02:30:04.085-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Hidrólise salina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A dissolução de sais em água pode originar soluções ácidas, básicas ou neutras.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Este fenômeno é conhecido por hidrólise. A hidrólise de um sal é a reação&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/hidrolise.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmVudHJlOmM0YjcwNzcwYjljYzY4YTM2Mjg1YTAxMzZlOGE3NmIxOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;entre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;seu cátion ou seu ânion ou, de ambos com as moléculas da água.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sais de ácidos fracos e bases fortes:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;só o ânion do sal se hidrolisa, ocorre liberação de íons&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a solução resultante será básica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;KCN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; K&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CN&lt;sup&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; K&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;OH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;1-&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HCN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sais de ácidos fortes e bases fracas:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;só o cátion do sal se hidrolisa, ocorre liberação de íons&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a solução resultante será ácida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;OH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;AgNO&lt;sub&gt;3(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ag&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; AgOH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sais de ácidos fracos e bases fracas:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;ocorre hidrólise do cátion e do ânion. A solução resultante será ácida se o ácido formado apresentar constante de ionização mais alta que a da base. A solução resultante será básica se a base apresentar constante de ionização mais alta que a do ácido. A solução resultante será neutra se as constantes de ionização do ácido e da base forem equivalentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot; height=&quot;85&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; K&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; pH ligeiramente menor que 7 (ácido)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; K&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; pH ligeiramente maior que 7 (básico)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;CN&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CN&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;OH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HCN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;HCN&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CN&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;,&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;HCN&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp; 5 x 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;OH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;,&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;NH4OH&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp; 2 x 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Como a constante de ionização da base fraca é mais alta que a do ácido fraco, a solução será levemente básica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sais de ácidos fortes e bases fortes:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Não ocorre hidrólise, pois ambos os íons gerados na dissolução do sal, mesmo reagindo com a água formariam os ácido e base forte originais, que se dissociam fortemente. A solução resultante é neutra (pH = 7).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;NaCl&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; HOH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(UEL - PR) Solução aquosa ácida é obtida quando se dissolve em água o sal:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) LiCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Uma solução ácida será obtida quando o sal utilizado na dissolução tiver íon positivo oriundo de base fraca e íon negativo oriundo de ácido forte. A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;OH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/hidrolise.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmV4ZW1wbG86ZDZiOWU4MjM5MWY0ZWExYjNkOGI5YTE2ZTU3NTJjNzc6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;Exemplo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(Fuvest - SP) Carbonato de sódio, quando colocado em água, a 25°C, se dissolve:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HOH&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; X&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O X e o pH da solução resultante devem&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/hidrolise.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNlcjo4MDdlOWI4NDUxYzFlZTBlNTQ1NzgyZGU2YTk4YzVjNjp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;ser&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;; maior que 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;; maior que 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;; igual a 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;; igual a 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;; menor que 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O íon CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;é oriundo de ácido fraco e quando reage com a água forma o HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;, liberando o íon OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;da molécula de água. A solução fica básica (pH maior que 7). O X da equação química é o íon OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;. A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/135318200829804349/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/hidrolise-salina-dissolucao-de-sais-em.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/135318200829804349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/135318200829804349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/hidrolise-salina-dissolucao-de-sais-em.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-7563890770951729951</id><published>2012-06-24T11:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-24T11:00:01.413-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Equilíbrio Químico: Constante de equilíbrio&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Uma reação química reversível se processa nos sentidos direto e inverso. No início só existem os reagentes. Após o início da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;reação direta (v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, passa então a ocorrer a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;reação inversa (v&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, convertendo&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/consteq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG9zOjQ5ZmU4YmEzMDJiZmE1NzkxOTIwOWEwODI5ZTk0YWI3OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;novamente em reagentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;61&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/conste1.gif&quot; width=&quot;288&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;No início, a concentração de reagentes é máxima e por isso a velocidade da sua conversão (desaparição) é alta no início da reação e tende a diminuir com o tempo. Com os produtos, a situação é inversa. Sua concentração&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/consteq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjA2NDk6MzcwOmluaWNpYWw6YTgwZTE2ZjE5ZDlhM2Y3ODQ4MmZlNzU3ZTc1NDNiN2I6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;inicial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;é nula e tende a aumentar com o tempo. Depois de algum tempo as concentrações não se alteram mais pois o sistema entra em equilíbrio.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A partir do instante em que o equilíbrio é atingido v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= v&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;211&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/conste2.gif&quot; width=&quot;370&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A equação da velocidade para o processo direto será:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= k&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;[A]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;[B]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A equação da velocidade para o processo inverso será: V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= k&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;[M]&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt;[N]&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Como no equilíbrio V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, temos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;[A]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;[B]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= k&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;[M]&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;/sup&gt;[N]&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Então, isolando os valores de k&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e k&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, e substituindo k&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/k&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;por K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;, temos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a constante de equilíbrio para o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/consteq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNpc3RlbWE6ZDkwZmI5OTQ1ZTAzYWE3Y2VhZjljNGZlMTA5NWI1Njc6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;sistema&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;em função da concentração de reagentes e produtos depois que o equilíbrio é atingido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para equilíbrios gasosos,&amp;nbsp; a constante de equilíbrio para a reação pode ser dada em função das pressões parciais dos gases participantes. Neste caso temos K&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/conste4.gif&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para equilíbrios heterogêneos, a concentração do reagente sólido permanece constante durante a reação e por isso não aparece na expressão do equilíbrio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CaO&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kc = [CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kp = (pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O valor da constante de equilíbrio nos dá uma dimensão das concentrações de produtos e reagente quando o equilíbrio é alcançado:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Se K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou K&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a concentração de produtos predomina sobre a de reagentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Se K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou K&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a concentração de reagentes predomina sobre a de produtos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Se K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou K&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; as concentrações de produtos e reagentes são iguais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O valor da constante de equilíbrio&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;só depende da temperatura&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e não da concentração ou pressões das espécies participantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(UFU - MG) Numa das etapas da obtenção industrial do ácido sulfúrico ocorre a transformação do dióxido em trióxido de enxofre, de acordo com:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2 SO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 SO&lt;sub&gt;3(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Medindo-se as concentrações dos componentes da reação à temperatura constante em função do tempo, obtém-se o seguinte gráfico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/conste5.gif&quot; width=&quot;288&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) As curvas A, B e C pertencem a qual componente da reação? Justifique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A curva A pertence ao produto, pois sua concentração é nula no início e aumenta com o passar do tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A curvas B e C pertencem aos reagentes, pois duas concentrações não são nulas no início e decrescem com o passar do tempo. A curva C corresponde ao SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, pois para cada molécula de O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;consumida são utilizadas 2 do SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) O que acontece no tempo t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A partir do tempo t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;as velocidades das reações direta e inversa são iguais e as concentrações não mais se alteram. A partir deste tempo o sistema entra em equilíbrio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) Calcule o valor aproximado de K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;para a reação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= [SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ [SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;. [O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (0,5)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ (0,35)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;. (0,15)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,25 / 0,1225 . 0,15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,25 / 0,0184&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kc = 13,6 L/mol&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O valor da constante é maior que 1, ocorre predomínio dos produtos na condição de equilíbrio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/7563890770951729951/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-constante-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7563890770951729951'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7563890770951729951'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-constante-de.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-7369695892294735761</id><published>2012-06-24T02:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-24T02:30:01.970-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equilíbrio Químico: Deslocamento do equilíbrio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Quando um&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/desloeq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNpc3RlbWE6ZDkwZmI5OTQ1ZTAzYWE3Y2VhZjljNGZlMTA5NWI1Njc6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;sistema&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;é deslocado do seu equilíbrio, este se desloca no sentido de anular a ação que causou o deslocamento.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Princípio de Le Chatelier)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;386&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ação sobre o equilíbrio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;reação do sistema&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;adição de reagente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece a formação do produto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;adição de produto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece a formação de reagente (reação inversa)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;retirada de reagente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece a formação de reagente (reação inversa)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;retirada de produto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece a formação do&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/desloeq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG86Zjg4NzQzNjM5MTAxZDczZGFhMDQ5YmMxMTI4OWM1MDI6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;76&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;aumento da pressão (sistemas gasosos)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;76&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece a reação no sentido de redução do volume&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(lado com menor número de mols)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;76&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;diminuição da pressão (sistemas gasosos)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;76&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;favorece a reação no sentido do aumento do volume&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(lado com maior número de mols)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;aumento da temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece sentido endotérmico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;redução da temperatura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF99CC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;favorece sentido exotérmico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(PUC - Campinas)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Na equação química não balanceada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(g)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; N&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;representa a reação que ocorre em solos pouco aerados e envolve a redução de nitrato a nitrogênio, em meio ácido, na presença de carboidrato. O fenômeno conhecido por desnitrificação, prejudica a fixação de NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;pelas plantas. É possível aumentar a concentração do NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;no equilíbrio adicionando-se no solo, espécie química capaz de:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) liberar íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) liberar íons H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) absorver CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) reagir com N&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) consumir H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A alternativa correta é a alternativa&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, pois a adição de íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;consome os íons H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;. Como seriam consumidos íons presentes no lado dos reagentes, a reação inversa vai ser favorecida para repor os íons H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;consumidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(UFBA)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Com relação às reações reversíveis, ao conceito de equilíbrio químico a aos fatores que o afetam, é correto afirmar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) Para o equilíbrio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;PCl&lt;sub&gt;3(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PCl&lt;sub&gt;5(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;uma redução no volume do recipiente desloca o equilíbrio no sentido da reação direta (formação do PCl&lt;sub&gt;5(g)&lt;/sub&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) Uma reação química cessa após o estabelecimento do equilíbrio, pois as concentrações molares de reagentes e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/desloeq.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG9zOjQ5ZmU4YmEzMDJiZmE1NzkxOTIwOWEwODI5ZTk0YWI3OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;permanecem constantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) Para o equilíbrio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H = +41KJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;um aumento da temperatura provocará um aumento da concentração de H&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) Uma reação atinge o equilíbrio quando a velocidade de formação dos produtos é maior que a velocidade da reação inversa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) Os reagentes se transformam totalmente em produtos quando uma reação atinge o equilíbrio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) Se a constante de equilíbrio para a reação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; COCl&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a 100ºC é K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 4,6 x 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;(mol/L), após o equilíbrio ser estabelecido, em um sistema fechado, as concentrações de Cl&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e de CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;serão muito pequenas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa a: verdadeira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Uma redução do volume implicaria no favorecimento do sentido da reação em que ocorre contração no volume, ou seja, redução no número de mols. Temos 2 mols no lado dos reagentes e somente 1 no lado dos produtos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa b: falsa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No equilíbrio, a reação não cessa. O que ocorre é que as velocidades dos processos direto e inverso ocorrem com mesma velocidade e por isso as concentrações de reagentes e produtos não se alteram.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa c: falsa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O sentido direto da reação é endotérmico e o sentido inverso é exotérmico. Um aumento da temperatura favorece o sentido endotérmico, ou seja, o de formação H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa d: falsa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Uma reação atinge o equilíbrio quando as velocidades dos processos direto e inverso forem iguais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa e: falsa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Os reagentes não se transformam totalmente em produtos no equilíbrio. Reagentes e produtos coexistem no equilíbrio e suas concentrações não se alteram.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;alternativa f: verdadeira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Valor elevado para a constante de equilíbrio indica que a formação dos produtos será muito favorecida. Isso indica que as concentrações de Cl&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; e CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;serão realmente muito baixas, pois são reagentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/7369695892294735761/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-deslocamento-do.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7369695892294735761'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7369695892294735761'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/equilibrio-quimico-deslocamento-do.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-7029670382089102914</id><published>2012-06-23T14:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-23T14:30:01.016-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cinética Química: influência&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/influrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNvYnJlOjk4NDc3Y2FjYTY4YTk4ZmQ4NDFiOGM1NTgzNDNkN2IyOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;sobre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a velocidade de reação&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Número de ligações a serem rompidas e formadas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Reações&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/influrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmVudHJlOmM0YjcwNzcwYjljYzY4YTM2Mjg1YTAxMzZlOGE3NmIxOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;entre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;compostos inorgânicos geralmente envolvem poucas ligações, resultando em velocidades de reação elevadas. Reações entre compostos orgânicos geralmente envolvem diversas ligações e orientação bastante específica, o que torna tais reações lentas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Superfície de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/influrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjA2NDk6MzcwOmNvbnRhdG86Zjc1M2EwY2QxNTg2MWQ4NDkzNDNhNTVhMzJlNjA4ZDQ6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;contato&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quanto mais alta a área de exposição dos reagentes, mais alta a velocidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;131&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bordercolordark=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; bordercolorlight=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; height=&quot;125&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;partículas dissolvidas&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; pó&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; fios&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; lâminas&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; barras&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-top: -10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;lt;========&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-top: -10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;aumenta a superfície de contato&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pressão&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para reagentes gasosos, o aumento da pressão provoca o aumento da superfície de contato pois aumenta o número de moléculas reagentes por unidade de volume. Isso tem por consequência o&amp;nbsp; aumento da velocidade. A pressão não tem efeito sobre reagentes sólidos ou em solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;116&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n moléculas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pressão p&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;¯&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n moléculas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;pressão p&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; p&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Temperatura&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O aumento da temperatura acarreta aumento da energia cinética média das moléculas e consequentemente aumenta o número de colisões entre elas. Aumento do número de colisões acarreta aumento na velocidade de reação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Concentração dos reagentes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O número de colisões é proporcional ao número de moléculas reagentes por unidade de volume. Existe probabilidade mais alta de ocorrer colisão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Presença de catalisador&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O catalisador fornece um caminho alternativo para a ocorrência da reação com energia de ativação mais baixa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/7029670382089102914/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-influencia-sobre.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7029670382089102914'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7029670382089102914'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-influencia-sobre.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5359621350676889037</id><published>2012-06-23T11:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-23T11:00:03.288-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cinética Química:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;energia de ativação&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A ocorrência de uma reação química está obrigatoriamente relacionada com o c&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ontato&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/enerat.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmVudHJlOmM0YjcwNzcwYjljYzY4YTM2Mjg1YTAxMzZlOGE3NmIxOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;entre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;as moléculas reagentes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;energia mínima necessária&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Esta energia mínima para a ocorrência da reação é chamada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;energia de ativação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. A formação dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/enerat.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG9zOjQ5ZmU4YmEzMDJiZmE1NzkxOTIwOWEwODI5ZTk0YWI3OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;a partir dos reagentes é um processo gradual em que as ligações dos reagentes são quebradas em paralelo com a formação das ligações dos produtos. Este estado intermediário em que algumas ligações estão semi-quebradas e outras semi-formadas é conhecido como&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;complexo ativado&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Outra exigência para a formação do complexo ativado é que as moléculas reagentes colidam com orientação favorável à formação do mesmo. Colisões com energia e orientação adequadas à formação do complexo ativado são chamadas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;colisões efetivas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Estes são os princípios básicos da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Teoria da Colisão&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dada a seguinte reação ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 HI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;verifique na tabela abaixo, na primeira&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/enerat.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmxpbmhhOjhhN2JhMDNmNDRkNjYxZDU5MzdjNmUxNTQyMTBjOTM4OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;linha&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;uma orientação que leva a uma colisão não efetiva e na segunda linha uma que leva a uma colisão efetiva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;reagentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;complexo ativado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC99&quot; height=&quot;36&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H - H&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;¬&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I - I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC99&quot; height=&quot;36&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;não se forma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC99&quot; height=&quot;36&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;não se formam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;¬&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; |&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;)))))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; |&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6600;&quot;&gt;)))))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 H I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Nem todas as colisões são efetivas, no entanto, todas em que o complexo ativado é alcançado levam à formação dos produtos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Complexo ativado é uma estrutura intermediária entre os reagentes e os produtos, com ligações intermediárias entre as dos reagentes e as dos produtos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A energia de ativação da reação corresponde à energia necessária para que a reação se efetive menos a energia dos reagentes. Quanto mais baixa for a energia de ativação de uma reação, mais elevada será a velocidade da mesma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Uma reação é chamada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;exotérmica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;quando fornece para o meio uma energia mais alta que a necessária para se atingir o complexo ativado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quando uma reação é&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;endotérmica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, ela fornece para o meio uma energia mais baixa que a necessária para se atingir o complexo ativado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Catalisadores&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;são substâncias que&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;diminuem a energia de ativação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;para uma dada reação, sem alterar o&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;H da da mesma. Os catalisadores não se alteram durante as reações. Na&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;autocatálise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, um dos produtos da reação atua como catalisador, no início a reação é lenta mas com a formação deste a velocidade vai aumentando gradativamente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Na&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;catálise homogênea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, catalisador e reagentes se encontram na mesma fase. Na&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;catálise heterogênea&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, catalisador e reagentes se encontram em fases diferentes. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;enzimas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;são catalisadores que atuam em reações biológicas e geralmente são bastante específicas e apresentam temperatura ótima de atuação por volta de 37ºC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Unicamp)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Observe os diagramas 1 e 2 representativos de uma mesma reação química.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para cada curva do diagrama 1 há uma curva correspondente no diagrama 2. Quais curvas representam a reação na presença de um catalisador? Explique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A presença do catalisador faz com que a energia de ativação diminua e a velocidade de reação aumente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No diagrama 1, a curva que apresenta maior variação da concentração dos produtos por unidade de tempo é a B. Esta curva é em presença de catalisador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No diagrama 2, a curva que apresenta menor energia de ativação é a C. Esta curva é em presença de catalisador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(U.F. Uberlândia) Em relação ao gráfico de energia em função do caminho de uma reação química hipotética, determine o que significa cada um dos aspectos numerados no gráfico da energia em função do caminho da reação. Calcule a variação de entalpia da reação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(1) entalpia dos reagentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(2) energia do complexo ativado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(3) complexo ativado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(4) entalpia dos produtos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(5) variação de entalpia ou&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;H da reação = 25 - 13 = 12 KJ/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(FAFI - MG) No diagrama abaixo, qual o valor da energia de ativação correspondente (em Kcal) ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;187&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/enerat6.gif&quot; width=&quot;249&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A energia ou entalpia dos reagentes corresponde ao tempo zero no caminho da reação: 110 Kcal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A energia do complexo ativado corresponde ao ponto mais alto do gráfico: 150 Kcal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;E&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;ativação&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 150 - 110 = 40 Kcal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5359621350676889037/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-energia-de-ativacao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5359621350676889037'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5359621350676889037'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-energia-de-ativacao.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-6359144790293520496</id><published>2012-06-22T15:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-22T15:30:03.339-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cinética Química: velocidade de reação&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cinética&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a parte da Química que se ocupa do estudo das&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;velocidades&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;das reações do diversos tipos de reação&amp;nbsp; e dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fatores que a influenciam&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Dada a seguinte equação genérica:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a A&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; b B&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c C&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; d D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A velocidade da reação pode ser calculada em função do&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;consumo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de qualquer dos reagentes ou da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;formação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de qualquer um dos produtos. Como a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;concentração dos reagentes diminui&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;com o passar da reação, a velocidade em função dos mesmos tem&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;sinal negativo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Como os&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;produtos tem sua concentração aumentada&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;com o passar da reação, a velocidade em função dos mesmos tem&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;sinal positivo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;de consumo de A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp; - d[A] / dt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;de consumo de B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp; - d[B] / dt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;de formação de C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d[C] / dt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;de formação de D&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d[D] / dt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dividindo a velocidade pelo devido coeficiente de cada um dos participantes da reação e multiplicando as velocidades negativas por -1 e simplificando o d de derivada por&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de variação, obtemos a expressão para a velocidade média da reação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 481px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot; width=&quot;479&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;da reação&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;[A]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;———&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; a·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;[B]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; ———&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;[C]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;———&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; c·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;middle&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;[D]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;———&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; d·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(UFRN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/cinequim.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6OTg4MDozMzpwcm9jZXNzbzo2OTQ3MTJkNmJmYzcyMTViY2YwZjlkMTJjZmExMTM2MTp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;processo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Harber é um importante processo industrial para produzir amônia, conforme a reação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1 N&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3 H&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 NH&lt;sub&gt;3(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Colocados num reator, nitrogênio e hidrogênio, obtiveram-se os seguintes dados em&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/cinequim.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4Om1pbnV0b3M6Yzk5MGJiMzg1MjE3OGIyNDExMmE0YjFlMmYyNzIwY2E6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;minutos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e concentração em mols/litro:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t (min.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;[ N&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;[ H&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;[ NH&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1,50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1,35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Calculando-se a velocidade em função de NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a velocidade média da reação, quais seriam os valores determinados?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;velocidade da reação em função do NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = 0,10 - 0 / 10 - 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = 0,10 / 10 = 0,010 mol/L.min&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que é a velocidade em relação ao NH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(formação: sinal +)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;velocidade da reação em função do N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = 0,45 - 0,50 / 10 - 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = - 0,05 / 10 = 0,005 mol/L.min&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que é a velocidade em relação ao N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(consumo: sinal -)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;velocidade da reação em função do H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = 1,35 - 1,50 / 10 - 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = - 0,155 / 10 = 0,015 mol/L.min&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que é a velocidade em relação ao&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(consumo: sinal -)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;velocidade média da reação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;considerando sinal negativo para velocidade de consumo e dividindo-se cada velocidade pelo coeficiente da substância na reação...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V = -&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;t =&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;t =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[ N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;] /&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;desconsiderando os sinais negativos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,005 / 1 = 0,015 / 3 = 0,010 / 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,005 mol/ L.min&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;que é a velocidade&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;média da reação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(PUC - PR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; A revelação de uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/cinequim.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6OTg4MDozMzppbWFnZW06ZGM3NWI2NTY0ZmFiNWVmNGJiOWZhZjlhMGY3MWRjOWQ6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;imagem&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;fotográfica em um filme é um processo controlado pela cinética química da redução do halogeneto de prata por um revelador. A tabela abaixo mostra o tempo de revelação de um determinado filme, usando um revelador D-76.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;nº de mols do revelador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;tempo de revelação (min.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Qual a velocidade média da revelação, no intervalo de tempo de 7 a 10 minutos ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Como o problema não dá o volume da solução, a velocidade deve ser calculada em função da diminuição do número de moles do revelador.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;n /&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;18 - 22 / 10 - 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;- 4 / 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;V&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;média&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;- 1,33 mol de revelador / minuto&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;velocidade negativa: consumo de mols do revelador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/6359144790293520496/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-velocidade-de-reacao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/6359144790293520496'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/6359144790293520496'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/cinetica-quimica-velocidade-de-reacao.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-4349248297617797966</id><published>2012-06-21T12:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-21T12:56:00.406-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Termoquímica - calor de reação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Termoquímica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a parte da Química que trata das trocas de calor que acompanham as reações. As reações químicas podem ser:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exotérmicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: quando a reação ocorre com liberação de calor (de exo: para fora).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;calor sai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FF00&quot; height=&quot;63&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;reação química exotérmica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Endotérmicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: quando a reação ocorre com absorção de calor (de endo: para dentro).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;calor entra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#99FFCC&quot; height=&quot;63&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;reação química endotérmica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Toda substância possui uma quantidade de energia armazenada nas suas ligações. Quando a energia contida nos reagentes é maior que a&amp;nbsp; contida nos&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG9zOmI0NTUyNmZmODc5ZTc1ODkwZjZlNWZjNjMzOWIzNGEyOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/a&gt;, temos uma reação exotérmica pois ocorre liberação de energia. Quando a energia contida nos reagentes é menor que a contida nos produtos, temos uma reação endotérmica pois ocorre absorção de energia. Essa energia contida nas substâncias recebe o nome de entalpia (H). A variação de entalpia para uma dada reação química é dada por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;50&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;44&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ΔH = H&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;- H&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a soma das entalpias dos produtos,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a soma das entalpias dos reagentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quando a reação se realiza a pressão constante o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH é chamado de calor de reação. Em Termoquímica é usual se expressar as variações de energia nas reações através de quilocalorias (Kcal). A quilocaloria é mil vezes o valor de uma caloria. Uma caloria corresponde a quantidade de calor necessária para se elevar de 14,5ºC para 15,5ºC a temperatura de 1g de água. Outra unidade usual em Termoquímica é o Joule (J). Uma caloria equivale a 4,18 J.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Nas&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;reações exotérmicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; ΔH&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e por isso ΔH é negativo (ΔH&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;- ΔH&lt;sub&gt;R&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;= -).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;146&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.1.gif&quot; width=&quot;234&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;reações endotérmicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; ΔH&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e por isso ΔH é positivo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;(ΔH&lt;sub&gt;P&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;- ΔH&lt;sub&gt;R&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;= +)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;152&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.2.gif&quot; width=&quot;241&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Como o valor do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH varia com a pressão, temperatura, variedade alotrópica e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6OTg4MDozMzplc3RhZG86ODYyZWNkMTQwNjA5MzVmZGRhMDAyZjc5MjJiYTg3MzA6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;estado&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;físico, estes devem vir especificados na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;equação termoquímica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ½ O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; —&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ΔH= -68,3 Kcal/mol, 25ºC, 1 atm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quando uma reação termoquíca não informar os valores de temperatura e pressão, subentende-se que a mesma se realize a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;25ºC (ou 298 K)&amp;nbsp; , 1 atm e forma alotrópica e estado físico mais usuais do elemento ou composto&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Esta condição é definida como padrão em Termoquímica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para uma mesma substância:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;sólido&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;líquido&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;vapor&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Pois devemos adicionar energia ao&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_3&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OnNpc3RlbWE6YmIyYWNhZmJkYTc4ZDI1ZjEwNDRhOTQyYzRmZDUzNDc6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;sistema&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para que as moléculas ou agregados iônicos possam ter alguma liberdade e passar do estado sólido para o líquido. Da mesma forma devemos adicionar energia ao sistema para que as moléculas ou agregados iônicos possam se afastar ainda mais umas das outras, indo do estado líquido para o gasoso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;forma alotrópica mais estável&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;de uma substância é aquela que apresenta&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;menor energia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a esta é atribuído valor de entalpia igual a zero (H = 0). É costumeiro se indicar entalpia em condição padrão por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ΔH&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Assim, para as formas alotrópicas do elemento químico carbono, temos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;grafite: H&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= zero (pois é a forma mais estável)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;diamante:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt; zero (pois possui mais energia que a forma grafite)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Entalpia ou calor padrão de formação de uma substância (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a variação de entalpia ou quantidade de calor absorvido ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/termo.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjE0MTY6MTI4OmxpYmVyYWRvOmZjYmEzM2U0MmI3ZmI0MTc1ZGI4MTdhZDgxMmRjMWQwOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;liberado&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;na formação de um mol de uma determinada substância, a partir das substâncias simples correspondentes, todas elas no estado padrão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A equação abaixo representa a&amp;nbsp; formação do CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;a partir de suas substâncias simples mais estáveis. Como a reação se desenvolve sob as condições padrão, este calor pode ser chamado de calor padrão de formação do CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;grafite&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;—&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = -94,1 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As equações abaixo representam&amp;nbsp; formação do CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. A primeira a partir do carbono sob a forma de diamante, que não é a forma mais estável do carbono. A segunda mostra a formação do CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;utilizando o CO como ponto de partida.&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Os calores desenvolvidos durante estas reações não podem ser chamados de calor padrão de reação de formação do CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;diamante&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;—&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = -94,5 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;½&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;—&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = -67,7 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Entalpia ou calor de combustão de uma substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a variação de entalpia ou quantidade de calor liberado durante a combustão total de 1 mol da substância, com todas as substâncias no estado padrão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No caso de substâncias orgânicas, considera-se combustão total sempre que os únicos produtos sejam CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O. As reações de combustão são exotérmicas e seus valores de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH são sempre negativos. Para o etano temos ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;(g)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;7/2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(g)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;—&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;(g)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3 H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;O(l)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = -373 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Entalpia de solução de uma substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a variação de entalpia que acontece durante a dissolução de um mol de uma dada substância numa determinada quantidade de solvente, originando uma concentração específica, geralmente diluição infinita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Em uma solução infinitamente diluída a adição de mais solvente não provoca efeito térmico apreciável. Dados para o H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;número de moles de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;calor de solução em Kcal/mol a 25ºC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;infinito&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 22,99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 20,18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 18,78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 17,91&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 17,68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 17,53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 17,28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#99FF99&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; width=&quot;66%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- 16,02&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Entalpia de neutralização&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a variação de entalpia que ocorre durante a neutralização de um mol de íons H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;com um mol de íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;, ambos em soluções diluídas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para reações entre ácidos e bases fortes o calor é constante, devido ao fato de a reação ser sempre a mesma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = - 13,8 Kcal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;gt; Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(aq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(liq)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = - 13,8 Kcal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Em neutralizações envolvendo a base, o ácido ou ambos fracos, o valor referente à neutralização será menor. Isso acontece porque parte da energia é necessária para dissociar uma fração das moléculas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Energia de ligação&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Energia necessária para o rompimento de um mol de ligações entre um dado par de átomos, no estado gasoso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Molécula de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (H - H)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 H&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ΔH = +102 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Em moléculas como O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;, em que ocorrem respectivamente ligação dupla e tripla. O valor de ΔH obtido se refere ao calor necessário para quebrar um mol de ligações duplas e triplas, respectivamente. Em moléculas como o CH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;, que apresenta quatro ligações simples iguais, divide-se o valor do calor gasto para quebrar todas as ligações de um mol de moléculas e obtém-se o valor relativo a um mol de ligações C - H.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;(UFSC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Dadas as variações de entalpia de formação para as substâncias:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;4(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - 17,9 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - 94,0 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - 68,3 Kcal/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Calcule a entalpia da reação de combustão do metano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;1 CH&lt;sub&gt;4(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 O&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 CO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;reaçao&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= Σ ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;produtos&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp; Σ ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;reagentes&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;reaçao&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= [(1. -94,0) + (2. -68,3)] - [(1. -17,9) - (2. 0)]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (o calor de formação do O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;reaçao&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta;&quot;&gt;- 212,7 Kcal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(Unicamp)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Por &quot;energia de ligação&quot; entende-se a variação de entalpia,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH, necessária para quebrar um mol de uma dada ligação. Esse processo é sempre endotérmico,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH &amp;gt; 0. Assim, no processo representado pela equação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4 H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH = + 1663 KJ/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;são quebrados 4 mols de ligações C - H, sendo a energia de ligação, portanto, 416 KJ/mol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sabendo-se que no processo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;6(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(g)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 6H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH = + 2826 KJ/mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;são quebradas ligações C - C e C - H, qual o valor da energia da ligação C - C?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O C2H6 possui 6 ligações C - H e uma ligação C - C.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH =&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(energia quebra das ligações C - H) + (energia quebra da ligação C - C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;como o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;da reação é conhecido e a energia para a quebra de uma ligação C - H ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;+2826 = 6 . 416 +&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ligação C-C&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ligação C-C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= +2826 - 2496&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ΔH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ligação C-C&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;330KJ/mol&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/4349248297617797966/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/termoquimica-calor-de-reacao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4349248297617797966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4349248297617797966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/termoquimica-calor-de-reacao.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-3366431282978833796</id><published>2012-06-20T17:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-20T17:30:00.730-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Mistura de soluções com reação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Neste tipo de mistura, deve-se, através da reação química envolvida e dos números de mols dos participantes em cada solução, calcular-se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;* a quantidade de mols de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/mistsolrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_hdr=&quot;null&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG9zOjhiMDliYmYxOTExZThkYzc2NWYxNjM4NDlkZmVmNTkzOnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produtos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;formados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;* a quantidade de mols de reagentes&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/mistsolrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_2&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnF1ZTo3Yzg2ZGY1MDU0NDczMTI1ZDdmYjM5Y2M3M2Y3YTBhZTp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;que&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;possam ter permanecido sem reagir (excesso).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Conhecendo-se o volume final (que é a soma dos volumes das soluções participantes), pode-se calcular a concentração dos solutos participantes da solução final.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Determinar a massa de sal formado pela mistura 2 L de uma solução de HCl 2 mols/L com 1 L de outra solução de NaOH 1,5 mols/L.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A reação que ocorre é de neutralização...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;40 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36,5 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58,5 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 18 g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando as quantidades de mols dos solutos de cada uma das soluções, multiplicando a concentração pelo volume...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução de NaOH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C . V = 1,5 . 1 = 1,5 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução de HCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C . V = 2 . 2 = 4 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Considerando que a reação ocorre na proporção de 1 mol de NaOH e 1 mol de HCl para originar 1 mol de NaCl, o NaOH será o reagente limitante e teremos na solução final ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0 mols de NaOH (limitante)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2,5 mols de HCl (excesso)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1,5 mols de NaCl (&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/mistsolrea.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnByb2R1dG86ZDQ1NjM0NjY0MmVhZDIyZWIxMDc5NjFjNDM1MzMzMjg6ei0xMDYzLTE1MjI5Omx1aXpjbGF1ZGlvbm92YWVzLnNpdGVzLnVvbC5jb20uYnI%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;produto&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;V = 1 L + 2 L = 3 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a concentração de HCl na solução final&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;(mol/L)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n / V = 2,5 /3 = 0,83 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36,5 g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,83 mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 30,3 g/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a concentração de NaCl na solução final&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;(mol/L)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n / V = 1,5 /3 = 0,5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58,5 g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,5 mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 29,2 g/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;hr /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;(Fuvest) Misturam-se 50 mL de solução aquosa 0,10 mol/L de ácido sulfúrico com 50 mL de solução aquosa 0,40 mol/L de hidróxido de sódio. Completada a reação:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) O meio estará básico ou ácido? Justifique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) Qual é a concentração em mol/L, do ácido ou da base remanescente? Indique os cálculos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;98 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 80 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 142 g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36 g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Cálculo do número de mols dos solutos nas soluções...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução de H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;SO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C . V = 0,10 . 0,05 = 0,005 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Corrigindo a concentração considerando os dois hidrogênios ionizáveis do ácido sulfúrico...0,01 mols.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução de NaOH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C . V = 0,40 . 0,05 = 0,02 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Teremos na solução final:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;(limitante)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,01 mols de NaOH (excesso)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,01 mols de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;(produto)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;V = 0,05 + 0,05 = 0,1 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A solução será básica pois temos um excesso de 0,01 mols desta com relação ao ácido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a concentração da base remanescente...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C(mol/L) = 0,01 mol / 0,1 L = 0,1 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/3366431282978833796/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/mistura-de-solucoes-com-reacao-neste.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3366431282978833796'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3366431282978833796'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/mistura-de-solucoes-com-reacao-neste.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-4936427815010425531</id><published>2012-06-20T11:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-20T11:00:05.964-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Mistura de soluções sem reação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Este tipo de mistura pode ocorrer&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/mistsol.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOmVudHJlOmQwZjQxYmQxZjhiYTk4MTA5MzVmMzc5YjRmOTExZjE4OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;entre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;soluções de solutos iguais ou diferentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No caso de solutos iguais,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a quantidade total deste na solução final é igual à soma das quantidades contidas nas soluções de partida&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para o caso de soluções com concentração em mols/L...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolordark=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolorlight=&quot;#000000&quot; height=&quot;80&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolordark=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolorlight=&quot;#000000&quot; height=&quot;80&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Book Antiqua&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolordark=&quot;#000000&quot; bordercolorlight=&quot;#000000&quot; height=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10px;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; height=&quot;64&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&amp;nbsp; + n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O número de mols na primeira solução é igual a n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39; = M&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O número de mols na segunda solução é igual a n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&#39; = M&#39;&#39; . V&#39;&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O número de mols na solução resultante da mistura é igual a (n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39; + n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&#39;&#39;) = M . V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ou seja,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;34&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39;.V&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; M&#39;&#39;.V&#39;&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; M . V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Este resultado pode ser estendido para soluções com concentração expressa em g/L e em título.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;34&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&#39; . V&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C&#39;&#39; . V&#39;&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C . V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;34&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T&#39; . m&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; T&#39;&#39; . m&#39;&#39;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; T . m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a concentração de uma solução obtida pela mistura de 500mL de solução de HCl 1 mol/L com 1500mL de solução 2 mols/L do mesmo soluto?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;500mL = 0,5L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1500mL = 1,5L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; . V&#39;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; M&#39;&#39; . V&#39;&#39;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; M . V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 . 0,5 + 2 . 1,5 = M . 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,5 + 3 = M . 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M = 3,5 / 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M = 1,75 mols/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O caso de misturas de soluções com solutos diferentes e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/mistsol.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_1&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnF1ZTo3Yzg2ZGY1MDU0NDczMTI1ZDdmYjM5Y2M3M2Y3YTBhZTp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;que&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;não reagem equivale a uma diluição de ambos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dada a mistura das duas soluções abaixo, qual a concentração final de cada um dos solutos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1L de solução 2 mols/L de KCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;3L de solução 2 mos/L de NaNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Considerando os volumes aditivos, o volume final será 3 + 1 = 4L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para a solução de KCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 . 1 = M&#39; . 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 2 / 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 0,5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para a solução de NaNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;3 . 2 = M&#39; . 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 6 / 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 1,5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/4936427815010425531/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/mistura-de-solucoes-sem-reacao-este.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4936427815010425531'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4936427815010425531'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/mistura-de-solucoes-sem-reacao-este.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-1618482144640567209</id><published>2012-06-20T10:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-20T10:42:00.279-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Diluição e concentração de soluções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Diluir&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;significa aumentar a participação do solvente na solução, diminuindo assim a do soluto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Concentrar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;significa aumentar a participação do soluto na solução, diminuindo assim a do solvente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A diluição é efetivada através da adição de solvente e a concentração, pela sua retirada. Tanto na diluição, quanto na concentração,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a quantidade do soluto permanece inalterada&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para soluções com concentração em g/L, a quantidade m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;permanece inalterada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;na solução inicial C = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; , daí, a massa de soluto será&amp;nbsp; m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= C . V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;na solução solução final C&#39; = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&#39; , daí a massa de soluto será m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= C&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;como a massa de soluto não se altera, m&lt;sub&gt;1 antes&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;será igual a m&lt;sub&gt;1 depois&lt;/sub&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C . V = C&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para concentrações em mols/L ou molar, a quantidade de mols do soluto não se altera com a diluição e pode ser demonstrado, de maneira análoga,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/diluisol.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnF1ZTo3Yzg2ZGY1MDU0NDczMTI1ZDdmYjM5Y2M3M2Y3YTBhZTp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;que&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O mesmo raciocínio pode ser estendido para a concentração normal e o título...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T . m = T&#39; . m&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calcule a concentração molar de uma solução de KCl, sabendo que ao se diluir 500mL desta solução para um volume final de 750mL, a concentração final passa a ser de 2 mols/L ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;500mL = 0,5 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1500mL = 1,5 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&lt;sup&gt;&#39;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. 0,5 = 2 . 0,75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1,5 / 0,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 3 mols / L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Um volume de 500mL de uma solução aquosa de cloreto de cálcio 0,3 mol/L é diluída até um volume final de 1500mL. Qual a concentração final da solução? Quais as concentrações dos íons Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;e Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;na solução final? Considere dissociação total.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;500mL = 0,5 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1500mL = 1,5 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M . V = M&#39; . V&lt;sup&gt;&#39;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,3 . 0,5 = M&#39; . 1,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 0,15 / 1,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&#39; = 0,1 mol / L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dada a dissociação do CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;gt; Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Como são gerados um íon Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;e dois íons Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;a partir de cada unidade de CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;] = 0,1 M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 0,1 M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[Cl&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;] = 2 . 0,1 M = 0,2 M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Cesgranrio)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Juntam-se 10 mL de solução 3 mol/L de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;com 0,245 g do mesmo ácido e água, até que seja atingido o volume de 65 mL. A concentração da solução resultante será:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) 5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) 0,5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) 2 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) 0,2 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) 0,1 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução 3 mol/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 294 g H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1000 mL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução 3 mol/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2,94 g H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 10 mL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Somando a massa contida nos 10 mL com a adicionada temos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2,94 + 0,245 = 3,185 g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Como o mol do H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;vale 98 g, podemos calcular o número de mols...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n = 3,185/ 98 = 0,0325 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a concentração...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;(mol/L)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,0325/ 0,065 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;0,5 mol/L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(OSEC)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Foram preparados 100 mL de uma solução contendo 1 mol de KCl. Em seguida, foram tomados 50 mL dessa solução e acrescidos 450 mL de água.&amp;nbsp; concentração da solução em mols/L será de:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) 0,1 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) 0,2 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) 0,5 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) 1 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) 10 mol/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a concentração da solução inicial...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;(mol/L)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1 mol / 0,1 L = 10 mols/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Calculando a diluição...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10 . 50&amp;nbsp; = C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. 500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;1 mol/L&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(FAAP)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Calcule a massa de NaCl que deve ser adicionada a 100 g de solução aquosa de NaCl a 5% em peso, de modo a torná-la de concentração 20% em peso?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A solução inicial tem 100 g de massa total e a participação do NaCl é de 5% (5 g).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Adicionando-se uma massa x de NaCl, este passará a representar 20% da massa total, ou seja...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5 + x = 20% de (100 + x)&amp;nbsp; , ou seja...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5 + x = 0,2.(100 + x)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;5 + x = 20 + 0,2x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,8 x = 15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 15 / 0,8 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;18,75 g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/1618482144640567209/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/diluicao-e-concentracao-de-solucoes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/1618482144640567209'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/1618482144640567209'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/diluicao-e-concentracao-de-solucoes.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-4930835723969441728</id><published>2012-06-19T10:35:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-19T10:35:46.478-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Concentração normal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Também conhecida como normalidade, indica a relação&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/concnormal.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOmVudHJlOmQwZjQxYmQxZjhiYTk4MTA5MzVmMzc5YjRmOTExZjE4OnotMTA2My0xNTIyOTpsdWl6Y2xhdWRpb25vdmFlcy5zaXRlcy51b2wuY29tLmJy&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;entre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;o número de equivalentes-grama do soluto e o volume da solução em litros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;= e&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;N é a concentração normal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o número de equivalentes-grama do soluto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;V é o volume da solução em litros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a massa de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;necessária para produzir 2 L de solução 2 normal?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;o H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;tem 2 H ionizáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;N = e&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 = e&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 2 . 2 = 4 equivalentes-grama de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cálculo do equivalente-grama do H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (2 + 32 + 64) / 2 = 98 / 2 = 49g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 equivalente-grama de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 49g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;4 equivalentes-grama de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 49 . 4 / 1=&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;196g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a massa de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;contida em 100mL de solução 0,5 N?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 L ----------&amp;nbsp; 1000 mL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x L&amp;nbsp; ---------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 mL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 0,1 L de solução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cálculo do equivalente-grama do Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (46 + 12 + 48) / 2 = 106 / 2 = 53g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução 1 N tem 1 equivalente-grama dissolvido em 1 L = 53 g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;solução 0,5 N tem 0,5 equivalente-grama dissolvido em 1 L = 26,5 g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 L&amp;nbsp; --------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 26,5 g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,1L -------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 0,1 . 26,5 / 1 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;2,65g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/4930835723969441728/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-normal-tambem-conhecida.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4930835723969441728'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/4930835723969441728'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-normal-tambem-conhecida.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-3763220991331774626</id><published>2012-06-19T10:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-19T10:31:39.179-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Cálculo de equivalentes-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A noção de equivalente-grama nasceu no final do século XVIII, com Richter. Naquela época não se conheciam as fórmulas mas sabía-se que,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/equiv.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnBvcjoxZWVlZmYzMGQzMDMyMzIwNjI3NDZmOGVkMDEzZGI0Mjp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;por&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;exemplo, que&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;uma mesma quantidade de uma base era neutralizada por quantidades diferentes de vários ácidos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Qualquer das massas da esquerda pode neutralizar qualquer uma da direita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;40g de NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36,5g de HCl&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;56g de KOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 63g de HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;58g de Mg(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 49g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Numa reação química, reagem quantidades equivalentes de substâncias. Estas massas quimicamente equivalentes são conhecidas como&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;equivalentes-grama (E)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e sua unidade é g/eq. O equivalente grama é a massa de uma substância que, durante uma reação química movimenta um mol de cargas positivas ou negativas, ou ainda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- produz ou reage com 8g de gás oxigênio (O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), 5,6 L nas CNTP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;- produz ou reage com 1g de gás hidrogênio (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), 11,2 L nas CNTP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equivalente-grama de um ácido&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a massa que, por dissociação, produz um mol de íons H&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;ácido&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= massa molecular / nº de H ionizáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ácido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;nº H ionizáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Equivalente-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;HCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;36,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;36,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;98&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;98&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;32,7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equivalente-grama de uma base&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a massa que, por dissociação, produz um mol de íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;base&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= massa molecular / nº de OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;base&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;número de OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Equivalente-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;NaOH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ca(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Al(OH)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equivalente-grama de um sal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a massa que, por dissociação, libera um mol de cargas positivas e negativas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;sal&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= massa molecular / nº de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cargas positivas ou negativas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;41%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;sal / dissociação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Equivalente-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;41%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;KCl =&amp;gt; K&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;74,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;74,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;41%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;gt; Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;41%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;gt; 2 Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ 3 SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;66,7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Equivalente grama de um elemento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;É a massa que ao se transformar em íon, recebe ou fornece um mol de elétrons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;38&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;elemento&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= massa atômica / nº de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;elétrons na formação do íon&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;elemento / ionização&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Equivalente-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Na&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Na&lt;sup&gt;1+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Fe&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Fe&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;18,7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Pode-se calcular o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;número de equivalentes-grama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;presentes numa dada massa m de amostra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e = m / E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;m é a massa da amostra em gramas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E é o equivalente-grama da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e é o número de equivalentes-grama contidos na amostra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa e substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;característica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;300g de CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 cargas + e&amp;nbsp; 2 - (sal)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;111 / 2 = 55,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;300 / 55,5 = 5,4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;200g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 H ionizáveis (ácido)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;98 / 2 = 49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;200 / 49 = 4,1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A dissociação total de 11g de uma certa base forneceu 0,4 mol de íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;. Qual o equivalente-grama da base?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O equivalente-grama de uma base é a massa da mesma que fornece 1 mol de íons OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;11g&amp;nbsp; ------------&amp;nbsp; 0,4 mol de OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;xg&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ------------&amp;nbsp; 1 mol de OH&lt;sup&gt;1-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 11 . 1 / 0,4&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;27,5g = equivalente-grama da base&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Que massa de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;reage totalmente com 343g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cálculo do equivalente-grama do H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (2 + 32 + 64) / 2 = 49g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cálculo do nº de equivalentes de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;contido na amostra = 343 / 49 = 7 equivalentes-grama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;serão usados na reação também 7 equivalentes-grama de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;cálculo do equivalente-grama do Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (46 + 12 + 48) / 2&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; 53g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 equivalente-grama de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; ------------&amp;nbsp; 53g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;7 equivalentes-grama de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;------------&amp;nbsp; x g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 53 . 7 / 1 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;371g de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/3763220991331774626/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/calculo-de-equivalentes-grama-nocao-de.html#comment-form' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3763220991331774626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3763220991331774626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/calculo-de-equivalentes-grama-nocao-de.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-6279579627249538415</id><published>2012-06-19T10:20:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-19T10:26:23.376-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Concentração molal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a quantidade de mols do soluto (n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) dissolvidos em 1 quilo de solvente (m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ω = n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a massa de MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;necessária para se obter solução 0,5 mol/Kg se utilizando 700g de solvente?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;700g = 0,7Kg&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; massa molar do MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 24 + 71 = 95g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ω = n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;0,5 = n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ 0,7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,35 mol de MgCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;1 mol de MgCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ----------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 95g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;0,35 mol de MgCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;x = 33,25g de MgCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dissolvem-se 150g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;em 200g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O. Qual a molalidade da solução resultante?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molar H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 2 + 32 + 64 = 98g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 200g = 0,2Kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;150 / 98 = 1,53 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ω = n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;ω = 1,53 / 0,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ω = 7,6 mol/Kg&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/6279579627249538415/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-molal-indica-quantidade-de.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/6279579627249538415'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/6279579627249538415'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-molal-indica-quantidade-de.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5499290354846502793</id><published>2012-06-19T10:18:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-19T10:18:56.837-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Concentração molar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a razão entre o número de mols do soluto (n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) e o volume, em litros, da solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#EDBCAF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Monotype Corsiva&#39;; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;= n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. V&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Monotype Corsiva&#39;; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;M&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;é a concentração em mols&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/concmolar.htm#&quot; id=&quot;_GPLITA_0&quot; in_rurl=&quot;http://www.textsrv.com/click?v=QlI6MjEzNDI6MTYxOnBvcjoxZWVlZmYzMGQzMDMyMzIwNjI3NDZmOGVkMDEzZGI0Mjp6LTEwNjMtMTUyMjk6bHVpemNsYXVkaW9ub3ZhZXMuc2l0ZXMudW9sLmNvbS5icg%3D%3D&quot; title=&quot;Powered by Text-Enhance&quot;&gt;por&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;litro ou quantidade de matéria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a massa molar do soluto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a concentração em quantidade de matéria de uma solução produzida pela dissolução de 100g de HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;em 1500mL de volume final?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molar HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1 + 14 + 48 = 63g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1500mL = 1,5 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;número de mols de HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 100 / 63 = 1,59 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Monotype Corsiva&#39;; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;M&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;= n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V = 1,59 / 1,5 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;1,06 mol/L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Quantos gramas de NaCl são necessários para produzir 2 litros de solução 1,5 mol/L?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Monotype Corsiva&#39;; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1,5 = n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;= 2 . 1,5 = 3 mols de NaCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1mol de NaCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -----------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58,5g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3 mols de NaCl -----------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;x = 58,5 . 3 / 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;x = 175,5 g de NaCl&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5499290354846502793/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-molar-indica-razao-entre-o.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5499290354846502793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5499290354846502793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-molar-indica-razao-entre-o.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-96268653547264195</id><published>2012-06-16T11:42:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T11:42:35.369-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fração molar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a razão entre a quantidade de mols do soluto (n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) ou do solvente (n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) e a quantidade total de mols (n) da solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fração molar do soluto&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;35&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n = n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) / (m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fração molar do solvente&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#00FFFF&quot; height=&quot;35&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n = n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) / (m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp; m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A soma das frações molares de soluto e solvente sempre é igual a 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a massa molecular do soluto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a massa molecular do solvente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual o número de mols total de uma solução cuja quantidade de soluto (HCl) é igual a 80g, originando fração molar do soluto igual a 0,3? Qual a quantidade de mols do solvente?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa molar HCl = 35,5 + 1 = 36,5g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;nº de mols de HCl = 80 / 36,5 = 2,2 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,3 = 2,2 / n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n = 2,2 / 0,3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n = 7,3 mols (nº total de mols da solução)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n = n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;7,3 = 2,2 + n2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 7,3 - 2,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 5,1 mols de solvente&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a fração molar do soluto em uma solução obtida pela dissolução de 98g de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;em 180g de água?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; massa molar = 2 + 32 + 64 = 98g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; massa molar = 2 + 16 = 18g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 98 / 98 = 1 mol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 180 / 18 = 10 mols&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ n&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ n&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1 / 1 + 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1 / 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0,09&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr align=&quot;center&quot; /&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/96268653547264195/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/fracao-molar-indica-razao-entre.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/96268653547264195'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/96268653547264195'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/fracao-molar-indica-razao-entre.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5730093713413893251</id><published>2012-06-16T10:41:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:41:16.343-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Concentração g/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a massa, em gramas, de soluto (m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) contida em um litro de solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FBC6DC&quot; height=&quot;36&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a concentração, em g/L, de uma solução resultante da dissolução de 50g de NaCl para um volume final de 200mL?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;200mL = 0,2L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = 50 / 0,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;C = 250g/L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual o volume final que deve ter uma solução para que tenha concentração igual a 10g/L a partir de 25g de soluto?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = m&lt;sub&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;/ V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10 = 25 / V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;V = 25 / 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V = 2,5 L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5730093713413893251/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-gl-indica-massa-em-gramas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5730093713413893251'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5730093713413893251'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/concentracao-gl-indica-massa-em-gramas.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5107355017700959736</id><published>2012-06-16T10:40:00.005-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-17T11:38:54.154-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Densidade&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a razão entre a massa da solução (m) e o seu volume (V). Pode ser expressa em g/mL ou Kg/L.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFCC&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF66&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d = m / V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Um determinado frasco contém 250g de solução. Se a densidade desta é 1,47g/mL, qual o volume desta?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d = m / V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1,47 = 250 / V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;V = 250 / 1,47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V = 170mL = 0,17 L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a massa de uma solução de densidade igual a 1,25g/mL e volume de 500mL?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d = m / V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1,25 = m / 500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;m = 1,25 . 500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;m = 625mL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5107355017700959736/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/indica-razao-entre-massa-da-solucao-m-e.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5107355017700959736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5107355017700959736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/indica-razao-entre-massa-da-solucao-m-e.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-7215271711032934479</id><published>2012-06-16T10:40:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-17T11:39:29.772-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Título&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Indica a massa de soluto (m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) em&amp;nbsp; 100 unidades de massa da solução. O título percentual é o título multiplicado por 100.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;86&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T . 100 = T(%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual o título de uma solução de 150g de NaCl e 450g de solvente?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = 150 / 150 + 450&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = 150 / 600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = 0,25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T(%) = 25%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quanto soluto possui uma solução de título igual a 0,7 e 200g de solvente?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;T = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ m&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,7 = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ 200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,7m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ 140 = m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;0,3m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 140&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 140 / 0,3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 466,7g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/7215271711032934479/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/titulo-indica-massa-de-soluto-m-1-em.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7215271711032934479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/7215271711032934479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/titulo-indica-massa-de-soluto-m-1-em.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5976964537498781470</id><published>2012-06-16T10:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:40:02.965-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Físico-química</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Soluções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Soluções são misturas homogêneas, onde o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;solvente&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;aparece em maior quantidade e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;soluto&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;em menor. O estado de agregação do solvente é que determina o estado de agregação da solução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Solução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Solvente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Soluto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;gasosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;gasoso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;gasoso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;líquida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;líquido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;gasoso, líquido, sólido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;sólida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;sólido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#B3E1E1&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;gasoso, líquido, sólido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As soluções podem, ou não, produzir corrente elétrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Iônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;conduz. Exemplo: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaCl&lt;sub&gt;(s)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;não conduz. Exemplo: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; etanol&lt;sub&gt;(l)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A quantidade de soluto presente divide as soluções em dois grupos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Diluídas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: até 0,1mol de soluto por litro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Concentradas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: acima de 0,1mol de soluto por litro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A afinidade entre soluto e solvente é que determina a formação da solução.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Substâncias polares são solúveis em solventes polares, e as apolares em apolares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Algumas substância têm sua solubilidade aumentada com o aumento da temperatura, enquanto outras têm sua solubilidade diminuída. A quantidade máxima de soluto que pode ser dissolvida em 100g de um dado solvente é dita&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;coeficiente de solubilidade&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;deste soluto, naquele solvente e naquela temperatura. O coeficiente de solubilidade permite dividir as soluções em:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Insaturada&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: quantidade de soluto abaixo do coeficiente de solubilidade numa dada temperatura, não apresenta precipitado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saturada&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: quantidades de soluto igual ao permitido pelo coeficiente de solubilidade numa dada temperatura. Pode ter, ou não, precipitado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Supersaturadas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: quantidade de soluto acima do permitido pelo coeficiente de solubilidade numa dada temperatura. É instável e, se perturbada, origina solução saturada com precipitado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As expressões de concentração mostram a quantidade de soluto dissolvida numa determinada quantidade de solução. Nessas expressões, o soluto e o solvente são diferenciados pelo índices 1 e 2 respectivamente, a solução não tem índice. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;expressões físicas de concentração&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;são o título, a densidade e a concentração em g/L. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;expressões químicas da concentração&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;são a normalidade, a fração molar, a concentração molar e a molalidade. As expressões químicas consideram a massa molecular do soluto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5976964537498781470/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/fisico-quimica.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5976964537498781470'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5976964537498781470'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/fisico-quimica.html' title='Físico-química'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-507847796629163099</id><published>2012-06-16T10:38:00.005-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:38:44.108-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Densidade absoluta e relativa de gases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;De uma maneira geral pode-se definir a densidade de um sólido, líquido ou gás conhecendo-se as variáveis volume (V) e massa (m) para uma dada temperatura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d = m / V&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quando um mol de um certo gás se encontra nas&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;CNTP&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(0°C 1 atm), ocupa 22,4 litros, ou seja...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d = massa molar / 22,4 litros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d = M / 22,4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde M é a massa molar do gás.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para quantidades de gás diferentes de um mol e condições de temperatura e pressão diferentes, podemos obter uma forma mais geral de cálculo da densidade a partir da equação de estado dos gases,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;P V&amp;nbsp; = n R T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;P V&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&amp;nbsp; m&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp; R T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde R é a constante dos gases. Esta equação pode derivar...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&amp;nbsp; m&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; P M / R T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; P M /&amp;nbsp; RT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Esta equação permite o cálculo da&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;densidade absoluta&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de um gás sob quaisquer condições de temperatura, pressão e massa. A partir dela pode-se prever a diminuição da densidade de um gás com a diminuição da pressão ou elevação da temperatura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A densidade relativa é um valor que compara as densidades de dois gases diferentes, que se encontrem sob as mesmas condições de temperatura e de pressão, é a relação entre as suas densidades.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;AB&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= d&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ d&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;AB&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= d&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ d&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;AB&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= ( P M&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ R T ) / ( P M&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ R T )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;AB&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= M&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp; M&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ d&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp; M&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;nbsp; M&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, a densidade relativa entre os gases hidrogênio (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) e oxigênio (O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) sob as mesmas condições de pressão e temperatura pode ser dada por...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;hidrogênio/oxigênio&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 2 / 32 = 1 / 16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ou seja, o gás hidrogênio, nestas condições, é 16 vezes menos denso que o oxigênio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ou seja, a densidade relativa de dois gases é simplesmente igual à relação entre suas massas moleculares, o que é esperado, já que se encontram sob as mesmas condições de temperatura e de volume. A densidade relativa explica a razão de um balão de um determinado gás subir ou descer quando solto no ar. Se o gás for menos denso que o ar, o balão sobe, caso contrário, descerá. O cálculo da densidade do ar é mostrado num dos exemplos abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Unicamp)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Quando magnésio metálico entra em contato com ácido clorídrico (HCl) ocorre uma reação com liberação de um gás A. O mesmo ácido reage com carbonato de magnésio (MgCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) produzindo outro gás B. Uma bexiga cheia com o gás A, quando solta no ar, sobe, e outra, cheia com o gás B, desce.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) Escreva as equações representativas dessas reações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) Explique o comportamento das bexigas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;gás A&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Mg&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 HCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;gás B&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;MgCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 HCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;b)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MM = 2 g/mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; dH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 2 g / 22,4 L = 0,09 g/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; MM = 44 g/mol&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; dCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 44 g / 22,4 L = 1,96 g/L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O cálculo da densidade do ar se faz considerando-o como formado pelos seus dois principais componentes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 80%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 20%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= massa de 1 mol de ar / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= ((28 x 80 + 32 x 20)/100) / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= ((2240 + 640)/100) / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= ((2880)/100) / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 28,8 / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1,28 g/L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Podemos então afirmar...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;H2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; d&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;ar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (a bexiga sobe)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; d&amp;nbsp;&lt;sub&gt;ar&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (a bexiga desce)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(UEL)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Um balão subirá na atmosfera se for preenchido com gases menos densos do que o ar, tais como:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) hélio ou hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) hélio ou nitrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) hélio ou gás carbônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) hidrogênio ou nitrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) hidrogênio ou gás carbônico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O cálculo da densidade do ar pode ser verificado no exemplo 1. As densidades dos gases citados no exercício pode ser calculada por...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d = massa molecular do gás em gramas / 22,4 L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;densidade do hélio = 2 / 22,4 = 0,09 g/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; menos denso que o ar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;densidade do hidrogênio = 2 / 22,4 = 0,09 g/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; menos denso que o ar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;densidade do nitrogênio = 28 / 22,4 = 1,25 g/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mais denso que o ar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;densidade do gás carbônico = 44 / 22,4 = 1,96 g/L&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mais denso que o ar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a alternativa correta é&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/507847796629163099/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/densidade-absoluta-e-relativa-de-gases.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/507847796629163099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/507847796629163099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/densidade-absoluta-e-relativa-de-gases.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-3301782659824388839</id><published>2012-06-16T10:38:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:38:21.438-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Leis dos gases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No estado gasoso, as dimensões das moléculas são desprezíveis com relação ao distanciamento existente entre elas, praticamente não há interação. A teoria cinética dos gases considera estas moléculas em contínuo movimento e colidindo umas com as outras e com as paredes do recipiente que contém o gás.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;187&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/gasesl2.gif&quot; width=&quot;182&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O estado apresentado por um gás é definido por três variáveis: volume, pressão e temperatura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;No caso de um gás, o&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;volume&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o do recipiente que o contém. O volume pode ser expressado através das unidades abaixo (mais comuns).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= centímetro cúbico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;mL = mililitro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= metro cúbico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;L = Litro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1mL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1000 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1000 mL = 1 L&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1000 L = 1 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;temperatura&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é uma medida da energia cinética das moléculas que constituem o gás. Quanto mais alta a temperatura do gás, mais altas serão as velocidades das moléculas que o formam. A escala kelvin considera como ponto zero a situação de total ausência de movimento das partículas que constituem a matéria. Na nossa escala cotidiana (celsius) esta temperatura corresponde a -273°C. Por isso, para converter a temperatura celsius em kelvin (temperatura absoluta), devemos usar a relação abaixo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T(K) = t(°C) + 273&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, 25 °C correspondem a 298 K. A escala kelvin é utilizada no estudo do comportamento dos gases. Nos cálculos envolvendo gases, costuma-se definir as condições normais de temperatura e pressão (&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CNTP&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), que seria o gás na temperatura de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;0°C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(273 K) e&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 atm&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(760 mmHg) de pressão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;pressão&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;é resultante da colisão das moléculas do gás com as paredes do recipiente que o contém, é força por unidade de área. Normalmente a pressão é medida em atmosfera (atm), milímetros de mercúrio (mmHg), centímetros de mercúrio (cmHg) ou torricelli (torr).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 atm = 760 mmHg = 76 cmHg&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1mmHg = 1 torr&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A lei de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Boyle-Mariotte&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;estabelece que à temperatura constante, a massa de um dado gás ocupa um volume que é inversamente&amp;nbsp; proporcional à pressão exercida sobre o mesmo. Se a pressão é dobrada, o volume cai para a metade. Se a pressão cai para a metade, o volume dobra. Transformações gasosas à temperatura constante são chamadas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;isotérmicas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;164&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/gasesl1.gif&quot; width=&quot;285&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O produto&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;P.V = cte&lt;/b&gt;. Portanto, para o caso de um gás que sai de P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e vai para P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, através de um processo isotérmico...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A lei de Charles/Gay-Lussac estabelece que à pressão constante, o volume ocupado por uma massa gasosa é diretamente proporcional à temperatura absoluta. Transformações gasosas à pressão&amp;nbsp; constante são chamadas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;isobáricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Se a temperatura do gás dobra, seu volume também dobrará. Se a temperatura do gás cair para metade, o volume também cairá para metade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/gasesl6.gif&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T = cte&lt;/b&gt;. Portanto, para o caso de um gás que sai de T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e vai para T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, através de um processo isobárico...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Outra constatação de Charles/Gay-Lussac é a de que à volume constante, a pressão exercida por uma massa de gás é diretamente proporcional à temperatura absoluta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Transformações gasosas à volume constante são chamadas de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;isocóricas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;isovolumétricas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://luizclaudionovaes.sites.uol.com.br/gasesl7.gif&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P / T = cte&lt;/b&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Portanto, para o caso de um gás que sai de T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e vai para T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, através de um processo isovolumétrico...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As equações apresentadas acima se prestam a situações em que uma das variáveis do gás se mantém constante. Para o caso em que as três variáveis se modifique durante o processo temos a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;equação geral dos gases&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, que é obtida a partir das leis apresentadas anteriormente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. V&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A lei de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Avogadro&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;se origina do fato de o tamanho das moléculas ser desprezível&amp;nbsp; em relação às distâncias que as separam: volumes iguais de gases quaisquer, à mesma temperatura e pressão, possuem o mesmo número de moléculas. O volume molar foi definido como o ocupado por um mol de qualquer gás nas CNTP e é igual a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;22,4 litros&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(independe do gás).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As leis de Boyle-Mariotte, Charles/Gay-Lussac e de Avogadro possibilitam a obtenção da&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;equação de estado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;de um gás&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;equação de Clapeyron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;que relaciona quantidade de mols de um gás com pressão, volume e temperatura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P . V&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; n . R . T&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde R = 0,082 atm.L/mol.K ou 62,3 mmHg.L/mol.K (R pode ser dado em outras unidades). A escolha da unidade da constante R depende da unidade de pressão utilizada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/3301782659824388839/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/leis-dos-gases-no-estado-gasoso-as.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3301782659824388839'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/3301782659824388839'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/leis-dos-gases-no-estado-gasoso-as.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-5235464219803039774</id><published>2012-06-16T10:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:38:07.383-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Fórmulas percentual, mínima e molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As três fórmulas estão intimamente ligadas com a determinação da composição das substâncias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fórmula percentual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mostra de quantas partes existe de um determinado elemento em 100 partes, em massa, de uma substância.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fórmula mínima&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mostra a menor proporção, em números inteiros, existente entre os átomos de cada elemento participante de um composto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;fórmula molecular&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mostra o número de átomos de cada elemento em uma molécula ou íon-fórmula de um composto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa molecular&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o produto da massa da fórmula mínima por um número inteiro conveniente (n).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa molecular = massa fórmula mínima .&amp;nbsp; n&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ou seja, sabendo a massa molecular da substância, é possível calcular de quantas vezes precisamos da massa da fórmula mínima para atingir aquele valor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Unimep - SP)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sabendo-se que a fórmula molecular do ácido oxálico é H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, sua composição centesimal será: (Dadas as massas atômicas: H=1 , C=12&amp;nbsp; e O=16)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) 16,30% de hidrogênio, 29,70% de carbono e 54,00% de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) 3,74% de hidrogênio, 37,40% de carbono e 58,86% de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) 2,22% de hidrogênio, 26,67% de carbono e 71,11% de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) 26,67% de hidrogênio, 32,23% de carbono e 41,10% de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) 8,23% de hidrogênio, 17,47% de carbono e 73,30% de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Resolução:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Considerando as massas atômicas e a participação de cada um dos átomos na fórmula molecular do ácido oxálico:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H = 1 . 2&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O = 4 . 16 = 64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = 2 . 12 = 24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A massa molar do ácido oxálico é igual a 90g/mol. Considerando agora a participação de cada composto em 100 gramas do ácido oxálico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Para o hidrogênio&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2 g de hidrogênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 90 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g de hidrogênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 2 . 100 / 90 = 22,22%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Para o oxigênio&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;64 g de oxigênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 90 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g de oxigênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 64 . 100 / 90 = 71,11%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Para o carbono&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;24 g de carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 90 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g de carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g de ácido oxálico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 24 . 100 / 90 = 26,67%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Vunesp - SP)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;A porcentagem em massa do carbono no clorofórmio, CHCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, é:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) 1%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) 10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) 12%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) 24%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) 50%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Resolução:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Levando em consideração a participação de cada elemento na fórmula do clorofórmio e suas respectivas massas atômicas, calculamos a massa molar do clorofórmio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = 1 . 12 =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H = 1 . 1 =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Cl = 3 . 35,5 =&amp;nbsp; 106,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A massa molar do clorofórmio é igual a 119,5 g/mol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;12 g de carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 119,5 g de clorofórmio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g de carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g de clorofórmio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 12 . 100 / 119,5 = 10,04% e a alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(UFV - MG)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Uma substância pura de massa igual a 32,00 g foi submetida a análise elementar e verificou-se que continha 10,00 g de cálcio, 6,08 g de carbono e 15,92 g de oxigênio. a) qual o teor (porcentagem) de cada elemento na substância? b) qual a fórmula mínima da substância? (massas atômicas: Ca=40 , C=12 , O=16)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Resolução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;item a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;participação percentual do cálcio&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;10,00 g cálcio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 32,00 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g cálcio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 31,25%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;participação percentual do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;carbno&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;6,08 g carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 32,00 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g carbono&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 19,00%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;participação percentual do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;oxigênio&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;15,92 g oxigênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 32,00 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g oxigênio&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 100 g da substância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 49,75%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;item b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ca = 31,25 / 40 = 0,78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = 19,00 / 12 = 1,58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = 49,75 / 16 = 3,11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dividindo pelo menor deles...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Ca = 0,78 / 0,78 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = 1,58 / 0,78 = 2,02&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = 3,11 / 0,78 = 3,99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A fórmula mínima é Ca C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Ibero-Americana - SP)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;A fórmula molecular de um óxido de fósforo que apresenta 43,6% de fósforo e 56,4% de oxigênio (em massa) e massa molecular 142 é: (Dados: O = 16 e P = 31)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) P O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) P O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;e) P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;P = 43,6 / 31 = 1,41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O = 56,4 / 16 = 3,52&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dividindo pelo menor dos resultados...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;P = 1,41 / 1,41 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O = 3,52 / 1,41 = 2,50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Para obter os menores números inteiros possíveis, multiplicamos o resultado por 2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;P = 1 . 2 = 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O = 2,50 . 2 = 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A fórmula mínima do composto é P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;. A massa da fórmula mínima = (31 . 2) + (16 . 5) = 142. Neste caso, temos uma valor de n igual a 1 e a massa molecular coincide com a massa da fórmula mínima. A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(Pucamp SP)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;A amostra de uma substância orgânica utilizada em análises químicas contém 0,50 mol de hidrogênio, 0,50 mol de carbono e 1,0 mol de oxigênio. Sabendo-se que a massa molar da substância é igual a 90 g/mol, pode-se afirmar que as fórmulas mínima e molecular são/;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a) C&lt;sub&gt;0,5&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;0,5&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e CHO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) CHO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e CHO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;c) C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;d) CHO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;b) CHO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Resolução&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dividindo pelo menor número de mols...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C = 0,5 / 0,5 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;H = 0,5 / 0,5 = 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O = 1,0 / 0,5 = 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A fórmula mínima do composto é C H O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. A massa da fórmula mínima = 12 + 1 + (16. 2) = 45. Como a massa molar é igual a 90 g/mol, precisamos de duas vezes a massa da fórmula mínima para atingir este valor. Portanto, para se obter a fórmula molecular, devemos multiplicar a fórmula mínima por 2. A fórmula molecular será então: C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;. A alternativa correta é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/5235464219803039774/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/formulas-percentual-minima-e-molecular.html#comment-form' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5235464219803039774'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/5235464219803039774'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/formulas-percentual-minima-e-molecular.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-8011897779207097872</id><published>2012-06-16T10:37:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:37:48.583-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Cálculos estequiométricos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A Estequiometria estuda as relações envolvendo as quantidades e tipos de matéria participantes das reações químicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; B&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;reagentes&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; produtos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A partir de uma equação balanceada pode-se prever a massa de produtos gerados a partir de uma certa massa de reagentes. Dada a reação química...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ½ O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Os coeficientes indicam os números de moles de cada substância participante da reação. Estes podem ser convertidos em:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;- número de moléculas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - número de átomos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - massa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - volume (para o caso de substância no estado gasoso)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 mol de moléculas de hidrogênio ou 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;moléculas de hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2g de gás hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;22,4 L de gás hidrogênio nas CNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;½ O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;½ mol de moléculas de oxigênio ou ½&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;moléculas de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;16g de gás oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;11,2 L de gás oxigênio nas CNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1 mol de moléculas de água ou 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;moléculas de água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de hidrogênio e 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;átomos de oxigênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;18g de água (16g de oxigênio + 2g de hidrogênio)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;22,4 L de água no estado gasoso nas CNTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Dada a seguinte reação ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CaO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massas molares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#6699FF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#6699FF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;56g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#6699FF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;44g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CaO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;100g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 56g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 44g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Reagente&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Produtos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Baseando-se nas proporções acima, podem ser propostos diferentes cálculos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Qual a massa de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;necessária para se obter 28g de CaO?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -----------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 56g de CaO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -----------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 28g de CaO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 100 . 28 / 56 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;50g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Se fossem usados 300g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;na reação anterior, qual seria o volume de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;(considerando que as condições são as das CNTP?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 44g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;300g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 44 . 300 / 100 = 132g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;1mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 22,4L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;44g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 22,4L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;132g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp; --------------&amp;nbsp; x L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 22,4 . 132 / 44 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;67,2 L de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -1px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quantas moléculas de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;são obtidas quando são usados 150g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 44g de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 mol de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;100g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;moléculas de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;150g de CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x moléculas de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;x = 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;. 150 / 100&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;9,03 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;moléculas de CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Quando um reagente é impuro ou a reação não se processa completamente por algum motivo, podemos calcular o rendimento da reação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;36&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; height=&quot;30&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;R&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; ( Q&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;/ Q&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;) . 100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;onde:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Considera perdas devidas a impurezas de reagentes e o fato de a reação não ser completa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Quantidades teóricas da reação, considera reagentes 100% puros e reação completa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: magenta; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplo 4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Reagem-se 80g de NaOH em excesso de HC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e são obtidos 110g de NaC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;. Qual o rendimento da reação?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;HC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36,5g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 40g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58,5g&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 18g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;40g de NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58,5g de NaC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;80g de NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 117g de NaC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;NaC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;obtido teórico = 117g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;NaC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;obtido prático = 110g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Rendimento, % = ( 110 / 117 ) . 100 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;94 %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/feeds/8011897779207097872/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/calculos-estequiometricos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/8011897779207097872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8761507440204189788/posts/default/8011897779207097872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://quimicaemuitomais.blogspot.com/2012/06/calculos-estequiometricos.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8761507440204189788.post-1801628848637989701</id><published>2012-06-16T10:37:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-16T10:37:32.083-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: navy; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Mol e massas atômica e molecular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;O primeiro padrão comparativo de massas atômicas foi o átomo de hidrogênio. Após a descoberta do fenômeno da isotopia, demonstrou-se que tal padrão não era adequado. Devia-se obter um padrão que não estivesse sujeito às variações de massa que poderiam ocorrer mesmo dentro de um mesmo elemento químico. O átomo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C foi escolhido como padrão e sua massa foi estabelecida como sendo 12 u (unidades de massa atômica). É como se o átomo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;nbsp; fosse dividido em 12 partes e esse 1/12 da massa fosse usado na obtenção da massa relativa dos demais elementos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;átomo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dividindo-se o átomo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C em 12 partes iguais...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-top: -2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;8%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;9%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;9%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;9%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#0000FF&quot; width=&quot;9%&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/12 C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A partir daí a massa dos diversos elementos passou a ser comparada com a massa de 1/12 do átomo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a massa de 1 átomo de Hidrogênio = massa de 1 x 1/12 C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;massa atômica H = 1 u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a massa de 1 átomo de Oxigênio = massa de 16 x 1/12 C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;massa atômica O = 16 u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;a massa de 1 átomo de Carbono = massa de 12x 1/12 C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;massa atômica C = 12 u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;As massas atômicas são quantidades adimensionais, pois resultam da comparação direta de unidades iguais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: -8px; margin-top: -3px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;massa 1 átomo de O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;16&amp;nbsp;&lt;strike&gt;u&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 16&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa padrão de massa atômica&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1&amp;nbsp;&lt;strike&gt;u&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa atômica de um elemento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;que possui isótopos representa quantas vezes a massa média poderada deste é maior que a unidade de massa atômica (u).&amp;nbsp;Não se deve confundir com&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;número de massa de um elemento&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;que é a somatória do número de partículas positivas e neutras de um átomo (considerando a média ponderada dos diferentes isótopos). Este último, por ser uma quantidade, sempre será um número inteiro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Como exemplo, vamos calcular a massa atômica do elemento Cloro (C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;). Existem dois tipos de átomo de Cloro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Cloro 35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;34,98 u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;abundância de 75,4 %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;Cloro 37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;36,97 u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F0F3AB&quot; width=&quot;34%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;abundância de 24,6 %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A massa média do elemento Cloro será igual a massa ponderada dos seus isótopos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;massa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: quimica1;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; = [(34,98 x 75,4) + (36,97 x 24,6)] / 100 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;35,453 u&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa molecular das substâncias&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é igual à somatória das massas atômicas dos elementos constituintes. Representa quantas vezes a massa da molécula é maior que a unidade de massa atômica (u).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;massa atômica H = 1u&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mol de H = 1g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; massa atômica de O = 8u&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mol de O = 8&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; massa molecular H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O = 2 x 1 + 1 x 16 = 18u&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mol de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O = 18g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;um mol de H tem 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de Hidrogênio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;um mol de O tem 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de Oxigênio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;um mol de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;moléculas de água&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Quando expressa em gramas, a massa atômica de um elemento (&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;átomo grama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) apresenta&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;6,02 x10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;unidades de átomos deste elemento. Quando&amp;nbsp; expressa em gramas, a massa molecular de uma substância (&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;molécula grama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) apresenta&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;unidades unidades de moléculas desta substância. Esta quantidade ficou conhecida como constante de Avogadro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;é a quantidade de substância que contém&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;unidades da substância em questão e é unidade de quantidade de matéria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Volume molar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o volume ocupado por uma molécula grama de qualquer substância. Para substâncias gasosas, este volume é igual a 22,4 L nas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CNTP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ondições&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;N&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ormais de&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;T&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;emperatura e&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ressão = pressão de 1 atm e temperatura de 0 ºC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 mol de H tem 1g e 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0066; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 mols de H tem 2g e 2 x ( 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;3 mols de H tem 3g e 3 x ( 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 mol de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O 18g e 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;moléculas de água&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0066; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 36g e 2 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) moléculas de água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;3 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 54g e 3 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) moléculas de água&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1 mol de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 18g e 6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;átomos de oxigênio e 2 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0066; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 36g e 2 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de oxigênio e 4 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: green; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O tem 54g e 3 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de oxigênio e 6 x (6,02 x 10&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;) átomos de hidrogênio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;O mol é a linguagem das reações químicas. Os coeficientes representam número de mols.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2 NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reagentes: 2 mols de NaOH e 1 mol de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Tahoma;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Produtos: 1 mol de Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;e 2 mols de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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