RAISING BLOG

Windows 8 Developer Preview - Download Now

2011-10-19T06:02:00.000-07:00

As promised earlier today at the Build Conference,The developer preview is up for grabs now on the newly launched Developer site.There are two kinds of builds available over the Developer site.First is with Developer tools and a 64 Bit version while the other version is Without the Developer tools in 32 bit as well as 64 bit version.

Here are the details of the Developer Builds that are up now on the site dev.windows.com
Windows Developer Preview with developer tools English, 64-bit (x64)
64-bit Windows Developer Preview
Windows SDK for Metro style apps
Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Express for Windows Developer Preview
Microsoft Expression Blend 5 Developer Preview
28 Metro style apps including the BUILD Conference app

Download Now

Windows Developer Preview English, 64-bit (x64)

Includes a disk image file (.iso) to install the Windows Developer Preview and Metro style apps on a 64-bit PC.

Download Now

Windows Developer Preview English, 32-bit (x86)

Includes a disk image file (.iso) to install the Windows Developer Preview and Metro style apps on a 32-bit PC.

Download Now

Bollywood News - How Vidya became Silk Smitha (Watch Dirty Picture)

2011-10-18T00:24:00.000-07:00

The Dirty Picture: Vidya is clad in a skimpy red blouse with three men- Naseeruddin Shah, Emraan Hashmi and Tusshar Kapoor- drooling over her. Wearing cleavage revealing blouses and biting her lip provocatively, Vidya Balan tries her best to look like southern siren Silk Smitha. She is certainly able to create steam in the making of The Dirty Picture poster.

The actor has been working hard to get into the skin of her character

and even fell ill while perfecting the nuances of Silk Smitha. Due to exertion, the lady even had to be hospitalised.

Director Milan Luthria says Vidya Balan's classic Indian look made her the perfect choice to portray the role of Silk Smitha.

"We were looking for a strong performer and not someone who could merely look sexy and Vidya is a great actor. Also, she has the body of a classic voluptuous Indian beauty, something not many Bollywood actresses can boast of. Silk was never pencil thin," Luthria told PTI.

The director says there was much thought and debate before Vidya's name was zeroed down for the part. "To have someone like her play a character of this sort is enough to create curiosity. There is a certain grace, class and credibility that Vidya brings and she is a South Indian herself," says Luthria.

The director of Kachche Dhaage, Taxi Number 9211 and Once Upon a Time In Mumbai, Luthria says a lot has gone into transforming Vidya into Silk Smitha.

and even fell ill while perfecting the nuances of Silk Smitha. Due to exertion, the lady even had to be hospitalised.

Director Milan Luthria says Vidya Balan's classic Indian look made her the perfect choice to portray the role of Silk Smitha.

The director of Kachche Dhaage, Taxi Number 9211 and Once Upon a Time In Mumbai, Luthria says a lot has gone into transforming Vidya into Silk Smitha.

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A lot of work has gone into her transformation. It requires a great deal of effort to present a lady in a manner that looks sensuous but not vulgar. I am sure that people are standing up and noticing her and the film for that very reason. The fact that she can hold that innocent expression despite being a part of a bold scene is a facet of only great actors. The kind of character that she is playing, someone who has a harsh exterior but a soft inner, isn't easy, but Vidya does it effortlessly," says Luthria.

Salman postpones EK THA TIGER for Aamir

2011-10-18T00:19:00.000-07:00

Yash Raj Films' romantic thriller, EK THA TIGER, which was scheduled for a 1st June release will now release in theatres worldwide on Eid 2012.

Since Aamir Khan wanted to release his next film, directed by Reema Kagti, on 1st June, he requested Salman Khan and Aditya Chopra to shift EK THA TIGER to accommodate this release. Given the close relationship and mutual respect they share for one another, both Adi and Salman were happy to oblige and shift the release to Eid.

Directed by Kabir Khan and Produced by Aditya Chopra, the film stars Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif in the lead roles.

The film is based on a story by Aditya Chopra and the screenplay and dialogues have been written by Kabir Khan and Neelesh Misra. Aseem Mishra, who has worked with Kabir on New York, is the DOP. The music will be scored by Suhail Sen.

The film is currently shooting in Dublin from where it moves on to Turkey for its next schedule.

Dabangg 2 to release in December 2012

2011-10-17T23:50:00.000-07:00

Dabangg 2, the sequel to the 2010 blockbuster Dabangg, will release in December 2012, actor-producer Arbaaz Khan revealed on Monday.

"Dabangg 2 starts March 2012 and releases on 21 Dec 2012!!!" Arbaaz, who turned producer with the first instalment last year, posted on micro-blogging site Twitter.

Arbaaz had last month confirmed that the first draft of the script was ready. They were just waiting for actor Salman Khan's dates.

Perhaps the schedule dates have been locked now for the film, which will once again see Sonakshi Sinha and Sonu Sood.

Hopes are high from the sequel to Dabangg, which had earned Rs 145 crore.

Arbaaz, whose wife Malaika had grooved to the chartbuster Munni Badnaam Hui in the film, had admitted earlier that he was nervous about the sequel.

"There is a little nervousness for sure as the expectations are high but we would definitely be presenting something good and interesting," he had said.

Provide Blood or Breath and your DWI may turn into a Class A Misdemeanor

2011-10-15T06:54:00.000-07:00

A new law, which is being called the “Extreme DWI Law”, took effect on September 1. This new law enhances the punishment for anyone with .15, or higher, alcohol content in their blood or breath, taking a DWI offense from a Class B to a Class A misdemeanor.

This new law carries with it a possible sentence of up to a year in jail and $4,000 in fines, even for first-timers.

This is just another example of the enhancement that can occur when you provide a breath or blood sample. If you don’t give a breath or blood sample, then the .15 enhancement is irrelevant.

Top 100 High Paying Google Adsense Keywords List 2010

2011-10-15T03:58:00.000-07:00

No. High Keywords CPC ($)

1. Purchase Structured Settlements – 53.48
2. Mesothelioma Lawyers San Diego – 51.47
3. Secured Loan Calculator – 51.35
4. Structured Settlement Investments – 50.45
5. Endowment Selling – 50.35
6. Mesothelioma Patients – 50.23
7. Mesothelioma attorney san diego – 50.07
8. Austin Texas dwi lawyers – 50.03
9. New York Mesothelioma Lawyers – 50.01
10. Phoenix dui lawyers – 50.01
11. Secured Loans – 50.01
12. Insurance Auto – 50.00
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14. car free insurance online quote – 50.00
15. students debt consolidation loans – 49.96
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17. data recovery Denver – 49.71
18. adverse credit remortgages – 49.56
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21. Consolidating Students Loan – 49.30
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23. Boston dui lawyers – 49.02
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30. Los angeles dwi attorneys – 48.20
31. Student Consolidation Loans – 48.15
32. free quote for car insurance – 48.11
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35. dui san diego – 48.01
36. Los Angeles Criminal Defense Attorney – 48.00
37. Consolidating Private Student Loans – 47.96
38. Personal Injury Lawyer Chicago – 47.83
39. Personal Injury Attorney Pennsylvania – 47.82
40. Auto Insurance – 47.81
41. Lemon Law California – 47.63
42. Students loan consolidation interest rates – 47.59
43. Los Angeles Criminal Attorney – 47.59
44. Arizona dui Attorney – 47.45
45. Consolidation Student Loan – 47.44
46. Structured Settlement Buyers – 47.31
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50. Iva debt help – 46.9051. UK home owner loan – 46.67
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54. College Loan Consolidation – 46.49
55. dui attorney sacramento – 46.48
56. car insurance quotes – 46.47
57. Philadelphia personal injury lawyers – 46.37
58. Remortgaging – 46.20
59. irs tax attorney – 46.19
60. Consolidation Student Loan – 46.18
61. buyer Structured Settlement – 46.17
62. california mesotheloma attorney – 46.14
63. home mortgages for bad credit – 46.02
64. selling structured settlements – 45.96
5. phoenix dui lawyers – 45.90
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67. Donate your car – 45.56
68. Student loan consolidation – 45.46
69. Consolidate School Loans – 45.45
70. Injury Lawyers 4 You – 45.44
71. homeowner consolidation loans – 45.42
72. Colorado Truck Accident Lawyers – 45.41
73. Mesothelioma doctor – 45.09
74. School Loan Consolidation – 45.09
75. dui attorney San Francisco – 44.95
76. ny car insurance – 44.83
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78. Structured settlement payments – 44.43
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80. Virginia Car accidents Lawyers – 44.35
81. Raid Data Recovery Services – 44.33
82. College loan consolidation – 44.28
83. compare car insurance rates – 44.14
84. Break down covers – 44.14
85. Remortgages Loan – 44.05
86. Austin Criminal Attorney – 44.14
87. Car Insurance Quotes online – 44.14
88. Structured Settlement Consumer Info – 44.14
89. Arizona dui lawyers – 44.05
90. eloan mortgage – 43.98
91. Consolidation of Student Loan – 43.95
92. Student Loan Consolidation Calculator – 43.94
93. Injury Lawyers 4 You – 43.94
94. Managed Hosting Services – 43.93
95. Bad Credit Home Equity – 43.90
96. Los Angeles Criminal Attorneys – 43.88
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98. auto insurance in Michigan – 43.79
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100 Structured Settlement Companies – 43.77

Hundreds arrested as rail blockade begins in Telangana

2011-10-15T00:20:00.000-07:00

Hyderabad: Police arrested hundreds of leaders and activists of Telangana movement as a three-day rail blockade began in the region on Saturday amid tension.

K. Kavita, leader of Telangana Jagruti, a cultural outfit of Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), became the first leader to be arrested under the Railway Act when she along with others squatted on the railway track at Moula Ali near Hyderabad.

Kavita, daughter of TRS chief K. Chandrasekhara Rao, was forcibly lifted by police and shifted to Keesara police station.

Rao's son and TRS legislator K. Taraka Rama Rao, along with scores of leaders and activists of the Telangana Joint Action Committee (JAC), were arrested at Sitaphalmandi in Secunderabad when they were going to participate in the 'rail blockade'.

The TRS leader warned the government of serious consequences if it continued to use police for committing excesses on people participating in the movement.

Three MPs of ruling Congress -- Ponnam Prabhakar, G. Vivek and Rajaiah -- were also arrested in Karimnagar and Warangal districts when they were going to block the trains.

Dozens of other leaders, including legislators, were either kept under house arrest or were detained while they were heading towards the railway tracks.

The arrests were made across Telangana, which comprises 10 districts including Hyderabad. Over 100 protestors were arrested in Mahabubnagar district alone.

The railways have already cancelled 126 trains in the region for the three days in view of the blockade called by JAC to press the demand for a separate Telangana state.

However, the railways plan to run few trains as scheduled. At least four trains left from Secunderabad railway station Saturday morning.

The state police and the railways have warned protestors against blocking the trains, saying they would be arrested under the Railway Act. Director General of Police Dinesh Reddy has said those arrested under the act may even get life imprisonment.

Ambala explosive haul for terror strikes in Punjab

2011-10-14T21:29:00.000-07:00

New Delhi: After recovering explosives from outside Ambala railway station, security agencies are now investigating whether it was meant for carrying out terror strikes in Punjab.

A senior Delhi Police official said the recovered explosives could also be meant for Punjab though he did not rule out its use in the capital.

A joint team of Delhi and Haryana police found the explosives in a blue Indica car parked outside the railway station on an intelligence tip-off 10 days ago that a consignment carrying the substance was headed to a north Indian metropolis.

Police is yet to arrest a single person in connection with the incident.

Delhi Police yesterday said that Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) had joined hands to plot a terror strike in the national capital ahead of Diwali following the recovery of the explosive-laden car.

The seizure of the car in Ambala last evening came following a trail of inputs provided by central intelligence agencies that a car was headed to Delhi via Ambala with explosives and detonators.

"We had inputs that an LeT module active in Jammu and Kashmir was planning to strike in Delhi. Investigations were done and found that the explosives were meant for BKI and to be used in Delhi. We received a specific input yesterday about the movement," Deputy Commissioner of Police (Special Cell) Arun Kampani has said.

Central Railway cancels over 116 Trains: Rail Roko Andolan by TJAC

2011-10-14T20:45:00.000-07:00

The Telangana Joint Action Committee which headed for Rail Roko Andolan today forced South Central Railways to cancel over 116 trains which passes by Telanagan region of Andhra Pradesh.

According to the Central Railway sources, there are over 31 Express trains cancelled while over 116 passenger trains are in the list too with 55 MEMU/DHMU/MMTS rail services between Hyderabad and Falaknuma.

On other hand timings of 23 express trains are changed with same number of trains diverted via alternative routes. 20 Long distance trains which terminate at Hyderabad will be terminated outside the Telangana region of the state.

List of Cancelled Trains:

The trains which are cancelled by the South Central Railways are: Balharshah- Secunderabad-Balarshah BhagyaNagar Express, Secunderabad-Guntur-Secunderabad Golconda Express, Visakhapatnam-Secunderabad-Visakhapatnam Garibrath Express.

List of Rescheduled Trains:

The trains which are rescheduled by the Central Railways are: 12604 Hyderabad-Chennai to 8 pm, 12219 Mumbai-Secunderabad Duronto by eight hours, 12734 Secunderabad-Tirupati to 11.45 pm, 12704 Secunderabad-Howrah to 8.30 pm, 12728 Hyderabad-Visakhapatnam express to 8.45 pm, 12723 Hyderabad-New Delhi Andhra Pradesh Express to 6 pm, 12760 Hyderabad-Chennai express to 9.30 pm, 12785 Kacheguda-Bangalore express to 7.30 pm, 17652 Kacheguda-Chennai- Egmore to 7 pm, 17429 Hyderabad-Tirupati express to 7.25 pm, 12285 Secunderabad-H Nizamuddin Duronto express to 5.45 pm,16031 Chennai-Jammu Tawi for four hours.

List of Diverted Trains:

The trains which are diverted includes: 12655/6 Ahemedabad-Chennai-Ahmedabad Navjivan Express, 12625/6 New Delhi-Tiruvanantapuram-New Delhi Kerala Express, 11019/20 Mumbai -Bhubaneswar Konark Express, 12615 Madras-New Delhi GT Express, 12621 Madras-New Delhi Tamil Nadu Express, 12429 Bangalore-Nizamuddin Rajdhani Express, 12649 Yesvantpur-Nizamuddin Karnataka Samparkkranti Express, 12708 Nizamuddin-Tirupati AP Samparkkranti, 12434 Nizamuddin-Chennai Rajdhani Express. All these trains are diverted via Wadi-Guntakal route.

On other hand rest of the diverted trains are 12862Nizamuddin-Visakhapatnam Dakshin Link Express via Nagapur, Titlagarh, 12295 Bangalore-Patna Sangamitra Express via Duvvada, Kharagpur, 12804 Nizamuddin-Visakhapatnam Swarna Jayanti Express.

You can find more information regarding the cancelled and diverted trains you can visit the Indianrail website or just head to scr.indianrailway.gov.in.

5 Reasons Why Silver Will Outshine Gold in the Long Run

2011-10-14T04:40:00.000-07:00

Silver was the first metal to be used as a currency more than 4,000 years ago. For millennia, silver has been viewed by the world as a form of money and as a store of value. For centuries, monetary systems around the globe relied upon the silver standard as an economic unit of account. According to Nobel Laureate and world-renowned economist, Milton Friedman, "the major monetary metal in history is silver, not gold." Because silver is more reasonably priced, and therefore more accessible to the common man, it has been called the "poor man's gold." It has been said that "Gold is the money of kings; silver is the money of gentlemen; barter is the money of peasants; but debt is the money of slaves."

And while gold was certainly used as money for centuries, it was not until around the 19th century that nations began abandoning the silver standard for a new gold standard. This move away from silver to gold was led primarily by Britain and the United States. The silver standard finally came to an end when the last two countries, China and Hong Kong, abandoned silver for gold. Silver has been viewed as money throughout most of recorded history. In fact, in over 50 countries, the word for money is the same as the word for silver.

Over the last few years, the price of silver has been setting up and has become a viable investment opportunity. In this article, I will outline several reasons why I believe the price of silver may be set to explode to record levels over the next several months and years.

The Silver to Gold Ratio

The silver to gold ratio serves as a historical measure of the price difference between silver and gold. The ratio has been measured since the days of Ancient Greece. Interestingly, during the reign of the silver standard, silver and gold maintained a fairly stable and predictable price ratio of 15:1. In fact, this 15 to 1 silver to gold price ratio was legally fixed by the United States with the passage of the Coinage Act of 1792. Under this law, it meant that 15 troy ounces of silver could purchase one troy ounce of gold.

However, despite this stable historical ratio, the last several decades have witnessed a tremendous volatility in the silver to gold ratio. By 1900, the ratio had risen to 32:1. And by 1990, the ratio stood at an amazing 94:1. In late 2008, in the middle of the recent economic crisis, the silver to gold ratio peaked at a very high level of 84:1. And as of this writing, the ratio is around 62:1, which means that you can take delivery of over 60 ounces of silver before owning even one ounce of gold.

The important thing to note here is that silver prices are far from their historical and traditional norm of 15:1. This dramatic shift in the price ratio raises an important question for would-be silver investors: Have modern markets determined that the historical ratio of 15:1 is irrelevant due to fundamental changes in silver and gold? It is important to note that the 15:1 price ratio is a very simple technical indicator that measures shifts in the underlying fundamentals of the two metals. So let us next turn to examine some of the fundamentals of silver to see if the shiny metal is deserving of its uncharacteristically low price.

Increasing Industrial Demand

Today, emerging nations are devouring global commodities at a record pace. Nations like China, Brazil, Russia, India, Vietnam, and others are forecast to continue their rapid economic growth in the coming years and decades. As they grow, their appetite for commodities will grow right along with them. Typically, the commodities that come to mind when thinking about demand from emerging nations are oil, copper, etc. Many do not think of silver in terms of its industrial demand. However, silver is a primary component of photography, water filters, band-aids, batteries, solar energy cells, and jewelry, among many other uses. In addition, silver has been dubbed the "healthy metal" due to its numerous healthcare and medical applications. And because of silver's excellent electrical conductivity, it has numerous applications in electronics. The large list of electronics requiring silver include: computers, circuit boards, cell phones, televisions, RFID tags, and PDA's, just to name a few. To understand why industrial demand for silver will continue growing in the future, simply think of the roughly two billion people around the world who currently do not have cell phones or laptops, but want them.

Due to increasing industrial demand for silver, we agree with most forecasts that silver prices will rise to meet the growing demand.

Increasing Investment Demand

In addition to serving as a chief industrial metal, silver is also a monetary metal. Thus, investment demand for silver as a monetary metal has risen dramatically over the last several years. Much of this investment demand for silver has been from global investors seeking diversification in their portfolios, most of which have been over-weighted with paper assets. This newfound investment demand for hard (tangible or non-paper) assets has been primarily rooted in the continued decline in purchasing power of many global currencies. Authoritative financial experts and commentators, such as Alan Greenspan, George Soros, Jim Rogers, Peter Schiff, and others, have warned that paper currencies will continue to lose value over time. This decline is rooted in the poor monetary policies enacted by central bankers around the world. Of course, precious metals, such as gold and silver are some of the prime beneficiaries of poor monetary policy. This explains, at least in part, the increasing investment demand for silver. As governments and central banks increasingly appear willing to continue printing more money as a solution to the global economic crisis, many investors rightfully fear the end result will be hyperinflation. Again, precious metals, such as silver, would be direct beneficiaries of any such hyperinflation.

The clearest demonstration of this increasing investment demand for silver comes from the government itself. Consider the increase in sales of American Silver Eagle coins issued by the U.S. Mint. Since the American Silver Eagle was introduced in 1986, the U.S. Mint has reported annual sales ranging from 3.5 million to a high of 10 million. However, as the global economic crisis became more and more evident, demand for precious metals exploded. In 2008, annual sales of Silver Eagles reached an all time record high of 19,583,500. This record was smashed in 2009 when total annual sales of Silver Eagles reached a staggering 29 million. And sales just now appear to be heating up. During Q1 2010 (January-March 2010), a total of 9,023,500 American Silver Eagles were purchased from the U.S. Mint. These are the highest quarterly sales numbers of the Silver Eagle since the coin made its debut in 1986. Based upon sales projections, 2010 should set another record for American Silver Eagles.

Additionally, the recent introduction of exchange-traded funds (ETF's) that track the price of silver has lowered the costs of entry into the silver market and has eliminated the need for safety and storage concerns. Two popular ETF's among investors are the ETFS Physical Silver Shares (SIVR) and the iShares Silver Trust (SLV). Since these ETF's actually hold physical silver, their increasing popularity among investors directly, and positively, impacts investment demand for silver.

One final note on the growing investment demand for silver comes from the Far East. After decades of dissuading its citizens to purchase precious metals, China has done a complete about face. For the last three years, China has been using its state-run television to promote precious metals as a wise investment opportunity to its citizens. In particular, China is recommending silver as an "undervalued asset" that could provide individual investors with a "good way to cash in" as they expect prices to go much higher.

While the U.S. government has been urging its citizens to purchase its own worthless paper debt, the Chinese government has been urging its citizens to invest in hard assets. The Chinese government's pronouncement is far from hypocritical, as they have been taking their own medicine. China has shocked the investment world over the last few years by increasing its own gold reserves by 76% since 2002. By urging its own 1.3 billion citizens to purchase silver, China is sure to continue driving demand for precious metals, such as silver, for years to come.

Global Silver Production and Supply

It has been estimated that in 1900 there were 12 billion available ounces of silver in the world. According to the commodities research firm CPM Group, this number dropped dramatically to around 2.2 billion ounces by 1990. Today, the amount of above ground refined silver has fallen to less than 1 billion ounces. Obviously, global demand for silver is outpacing the world's silver production capabilities.

Silver's numerous uses in industry coupled with growing global investment demand, have created a consistent demand that has been outstripping supplies for more than five decades. As the old saying goes, "Gold is hoarded but silver is consumed." Almost all of the gold that has ever been mined since the beginning of time is still available in bullion form today. In contrast, almost all of the silver (90%) that has been mined has been consumed in its various industrial applications. This is true due to the price differentiation between the two metals. Because of gold's much higher value, it is recycled and restored to bullion form. However, because of silver's relatively inexpensive price, it is often cost-prohibitive to recover and recycle silver in many of its forms. This is not to say that silver is not recovered and recycled, however. Of the total global silver produced annually, 20% is the result of recycled silver.

What makes silver somewhat unique and unusual is that its price is highly inelastic. Historically speaking, this means that silver production is not directly affected by increasing silver prices. For example, in the last great silver bull market when silver prices were up by 2400%, the production of silver was minimally affected. This is not to say that this trend will continue. However, it is a historical fact that should be considered by new investors.

Like other non-renewable resources, silver is in finite supply and production has not been able to keep up with global demand.

Economic Uncertainty

The global economic crisis has shaken the faith of many investors in paper based assets. Many governments, led by the United States, have turned in unison to relieve the negative economic pressure by inflating their monetary base and cutting interest rates. For example, in 2008 the Federal Reserve increased the U.S. monetary base from just over $800 billion to $1.7 trillion in a matter of months. Additionally, the Fed has been holding interest rate targets at artificially low levels in an effort to spur a consumption-led recovery. History is replete with lessons on where this type of monetary policy leads. All of this money printing and low interest rates are a recipe for monetary disaster through massive inflation.

Many investors realize that precious metals, such as gold and silver, are the chief beneficiaries of poor monetary policies. In times of economic crisis, investors flock to gold and silver as an inflation hedge. But investors have typically bought gold for wealth preservation, and silver for wealth "accumulation."

Today's silver price is significantly below the historical 1980 high in silver prices - and well behind the historical silver to gold ratio. The current silver price can still increase by 200% before it reaches a new high, while gold has already reached its non-inflation adjusted high.

Conclusion

Silver is rare, inexpensive, a protection against inflation, and possibly poised for one of the best bull runs in history. The following variables are making silver a potentially excellent investment: An out-of-whack silver to gold ratio, increasing industrial and investment demand, declining production and mining output, and future economic uncertainty. We forecast that over the next few years, silver will continue to provide investors with the best of both worlds: an inflation hedge with large investment returns.

THE REAL FACTS AND FIGURES ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN AMERICA.............

2011-10-14T04:14:00.000-07:00

The total non institutional civilian labor force (Americans 16 years and older who are not in a institution -criminal, mental, or other types of facilities- or an active military duty) is reported as 238.889 million. Of these, we see:

Employed: 139.206 million people (58.3% of labor force)

Unemployed: 14.485 million people (6.1% of labor force)

Obviously, that can't be the total picture, we're only at 64.4%. This is why:

Part time employed for economic reasons: 8.931 million people. This concerns people who want a full-time job but can't get one.

Part time employed for non-economic reasons: 18.184 million people. Non-economic reasons include school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, but also childcare problems and family or personal obligations.

But by far largest category "missing" from both the Employed and Unemployed statistics is the "Not In Labor Force": 85.2 Million people.

The BLS definition states: "Not in the labor force (NILF). A person who did not work last week, was not temporarily absent from a job, did not actively look for work in the previous 4 weeks, or looked but was unavailable for work during the reference week; in other words, a person who was neither employed nor unemployed." (Clearly, this does include a lot of unemployed people).

To summarize: 108.616 million people in America are either unemployed, underemployed or "Not in the labor force". This represents 45.5% of working age Americans.

If you count the "Part time employed for non-economic reasons", you get 126.8 million Americans who are unemployed, underemployed, working part time or "Not in the labor force". That represents 53% of working age Americans.

So only 47% of working age Americans have full time jobs. While the official unemployment rate is 9.4%. Something's missing somewhere.

A few more factoids on the topic:

Today, the long term unemployed make up 42% of total unemployed. That is to say, of course, those who are actually counted as unemployed instead of "Not in the labor force".

43.2 million Americans receive foodstamps. That's 18.1% of all working age Americans. If they all have on average 1.5 dependents, which is probably a reasonable estimate, a full one third of the US population receives at least part of their food through this system.

Of course, these are not really stamps anymore, or any sort of paper, they're now "food stamp debit cards". Michael Snyder at Economic Collapse dug up an ABC News article from April 2009, which deals with the fact that JPMorgan Chase is one of the main servicers of the "food stamp debit cards" (in 26 states). JPMorgan also services child support debit cards (in 15 states) and unemployment insurance cards (7 states).

Granted, some things may have changed somewhat since the article was written, but even just the very ideas that are the foundation of schemes like these are worth looking at. Because, naturally, JPMorgan does this to make a profit. Says ABC:

Take Indiana. JP Morgan gets 62 to 64 cents for each food stamp case handled monthly there. With 296,245 cases right now, that means the state is paying JP Morgan $183,672 a month on top of any other fees it collects. Indiana eliminated 100 full-time employees when it hired JP Morgan to make the program cost-neutral [..].

But the greatest statement the article makes, and the reason ABC looked into this in the first place, is that JPMorgan outsourced its call and service centers for the "food stamp debit cards" to India. If that isn't indicative of the level to which ethics and morals have sunk, I don't know what is. You could conceivably create a lot of jobs for Americans in these service centers, which would get them off food stamps! For starters.

10 Golden Rules To Keep Romance Alive In Relationships

2011-10-14T04:09:00.000-07:00

10 golden rules to keep romance alive in relationships

Getting into a relationship is easy, but keeping it alive is the difficult part.

There are plenty of things, big or small, that can wreck an otherwise great relationship. Now, Dr Barton Goldsmith, a California-based psychotherapist and the author of '100 Ways to Boost Your Self-Confidence - Believe in Yourself and Others Will Too' reveals what all can kill romantic relationships and how to save it from falling apart.

1. Money: It's the root of all evils, as they say. If a partner has been unscrupulous, getting the trust back can be a challenge, reports the Sydney Morning Herald.

2. Sex/infidelity: A sexless marriage or unfaithfulness can extinguish love quicker than blowing out a candle. Don't let the flame burn out and try to renew your sex life.

3. Disrespect: Research shows that belittling, insulting or yelling at your partner can cut the chances of your relationship's survival.

4. Children: Some live for them, others would rather kill themselves. Make sure to keep things in balance with your partner, so you have the energy to deal with any child issues.

5. Opposite-sex friends: If you don't want your spouse/partner to dine out and have drinks with a member of the opposite sex, then you need to follow the same guidelines.

6. Resentments: Don't hold your pain, hurt or anger inside. If you are harbouring some resentment talk it out and put the matter to rest, so you can enjoy your relationship.

7. Lying/broken promises: Even if you're afraid of getting in trouble, tell the whole truth and don't break promises, and find a way to make up for past mistakes.

8. Laziness: Keeping a relationship is hard work, and if you are unwilling to do it, your connection will diminish and you will begin to resent your partner.

9. Being mean: If you punish your partner when you don't get your way, or if the two of you give each other the silent treatment, you are headed for a lifetime of emotional pain. Stop the nastiness and learn to talk about it.

10. Discomfort/remodelling. If you are living in a construction zone, it's pretty hard to feel comfortable. Injury or illness can create a similar situation. Your home should be a place of serenity, so if you are remodelling or are dealing with physical issues, make your comfort a priority.

The Real Facts of Rape in America

2011-10-14T03:59:00.000-07:00

37,460 rapes of White Women by black men in 2005 — Black women raped by White men — 0!

Commentary by David Duke — The following article uses U.S. Government official crime figures to show that 37,460 White women and girls were raped by Black men in the United States in 2005. That is more than 100 White women raped by Blacks every day. In contrast, the government figures show that there are almost no rapes by White men against Black women! I will be called racist for putting these shocking facts on my website. But why is it that, when the exceedingly rare and often untrue White on Black crime occurs, there is an orgy of media coverage and guilt heaped upon the White community? The media went crazy over the clearly untrue allegation that some White Duke University students raped a Black drug addict and stripper; but there is not a word in the mainstream media about 37,460 White females each year suffering from such a terrible offense. If a Black person or someone of any other race falls victim to discrimination or any sort of harm at the hands of Whites, it is never called racism to publicize the issue. In the Duke case, how many thousands of times were the alleged perpetrators identified in media as “White students” or “White Lacrosse players” and the victim identified as a Black woman? In the media a White victim is just a “victim” and a Black rapist is just a “rapist.” If 37,460 Black women were being raped by White men a year compared to no White women raped by Black men, there would be front page stories about it, documentaries about it, political statements about it–all across America. There would be protest marches in the streets. I dare say, the President of the United States would denounce such barbarism and racism. But, most Americans are not entitled to even know about these attacks against innocent White women. The numbers of White women victims of Black rape are about ten times the rate of Americans being seriously wounded in Iraq. We here at www.DavidDuke.com will not remain silent about it! We will continue to call attention to these racist attacks against White women and we demand action be taken to stop these horrible crimes.

[INCOG: Please click "continue reading" for the article by Lawrence Auster and video from David Duke on the subject. Another Duke video is on a sorry tale of a 16 year-old White cheerleader gang-raped by 4 blacks on the high school football team. You'll never hear one lousy word on any of this from the traitorous, anti-White US media!]

By Lawrence Auster

Like Ahab’s search for the Great White Whale, liberals’ search for the Great White Defendant is relentless and never-ending. When, in 1988, Tawana Brawley’s and Al Sharpton’s then year-old spectacular charge that several white men including prosecutor Steven Pagones (whose name Brawley had picked out of a newspaper article) had abducted and raped the 15 year old was shown to be completely false, the Nation said it didn’t matter, since the charges expressed the essential nature of white men’s treatment of black women in this country. When the Duke University lacrosse players were accused of raping a black stripper last year, liberals everywhere treated the accusation as fact, because, just as with the Nation and Tawana Brawley, the rape charge seemed to the minds of liberals to reflect the true nature of oppressive racial and sexual relations in America. To see the real truth of the matter, let us take a look at the Department of Justice document Criminal Victimization in the United States, 2005. (Go to the linked document, and under “Victims and Offenders” download the pdf file for 2005.) [INCOG: anti-White government agents have deleted the document since, but it was definitely once there and I downloaded it.]

This chart reveals that White rape of black women is statistically non-existent, while White women suffered 37,460 rapes at the hands of black men for this particular year. There is no reason not to believe the same kind of numbers occur every year. [INCOG]

In Table 42, entitled “Personal crimes of violence, 2005, percent distribution of single-offender victimizations, based on race of victims, by type of crime and perceived race of offender,” we learn that there were 111,490 white victims and 36,620 black victims of rape or sexual assault in 2005. (The number of rapes is not distinguished from those of sexual assaults; it is maddening that sexual assault, an ill-defined category that covers various types of criminal acts ranging from penetration to inappropriate touching, is conflated with the more specific crime of rape.) In the 111,490 cases in which the victim of rape or sexual assault was white, 44.5 percent of the offenders were white, and 33.6 percent of the offenders were black. In the 36,620 cases in which the victim of rape or sexual assault was black, 100 percent of the offenders were black, and 0.0 percent of the offenders were white. The table explains that 0.0 percent means that there were under 10 incidents nationally.

David Duke discusses the situation.

The table (pictured above) does not give statistics for Hispanic victims and offenders. But the bottom line on interracial white/black and black/white rape is clear:

In the United States in 2005, 37,460 white females were sexually assaulted or raped by a black man, while between zero and ten black females were sexually assaulted or raped by a white man.

What this means is that every day in the United States, over one hundred white women are raped or sexually assaulted by black men.

The Department of Justice statistics refer, of course, to verified reports. According to the Wikipedia article on rape, as many as half of all rape charges nationally are determined by police and prosecutors to be false:

Linda Fairstein, former head of the New York County District Attorney’s Sex Crimes Unit, noted, “There are about 4,000 reports of rape each year in Manhattan. Of these, about half simply did not happen…. It’s my job to bring justice to the man who has been falsely accused by a woman who has a grudge against him, just as it’s my job to prosecute the real thing.”

No wonder there was such absolute belief in the guilt of the Duke students among the leading sectors of liberal America. A drug-addled, half-deranged, promiscuous black stripper accused three young white men of raping her. There are virtually zero rapes of black women by white men in the United States, and half of all rape charges against specific individuals turn out to be false. But in the gnostic, inverted world of liberal demonology, the white students had to be guilty.

Meanwhile, in the real America, week after week, the newspapers report the rapes of white women by black men—though, of course, without ever once using the words, “a white woman was raped by black man.” Just last week in the New York Post there was a story about a serial black rapist who invaded women’s apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side; you knew the rapist was black from a police drawing accompanying the story, and you knew the victims were most likely white from the neighborhoods where the attacks occurred. But even when news media’s reports of black on white rape make the race of the perpetrator evident (which the media only does in a minority of instances), no explicit reference is ever made to the racial aspect of the case. Each story of black on white rape is reported in isolation, not presented as part of a larger pattern. There is never the slightest mention of the fact that white women in this country are being targeted by black rapists. In the inverted world of liberalism, the phenomenon does not exist.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeZAFhf3hXw

This video is the incredible story of a 16 year old high school cheerleader who is gang raped by a football star and three others. The rapists are caught in the act, DNA evidence also proves the rape, and THEY WALK. Rakheem Bolton is offered a plea bargain and is punished with anger management classes. He returns to school. Then the cheerleader who was raped goes back to school, rejoins the squad and when she is told to cheer for her rapist she remains silent. For not cheering for her rapist she is kicked off the squad. The whole case is proof of the degeneracy that settled on America and Europe.

This video is a wakeup call of the Hollywood / NY media induced degeneracy on our people and the whole world.

It also exposes the sports madness in America and Europe, where a 16 year old girl rape victim is not as important as rapist sports star!

Real facts to make every indian proud

2011-10-14T03:40:00.000-07:00

Real facts to make every Indian proud.

Indian culture is based on cast system. We manged to remove apartheid but we still have it in India in form of cast where we have those untouchables. We can find paralelles between Nazism and Indian culture or hinduculture. The nazi symbol is basically a relligious symbol in hinduism.

I have seen a documantry film on CNN where they showed how in an indian village the women were forced to drink urin and eat shitt from villages men, they believed that it was necessary for throwing out the evil from the women. So elightened we are.

Still in more uncivilized regions in India women get burned to death as "satti" with there dead husbands.

Women after there husbands death are not able to marry them for the rest of there life. But become dasis, and are sexually abused by pandits.

India is the country which have the worst hygenic conditions in it`s large and overpopulated cities, according to world health report 2006.

India is the country where still it`s common to take abortion when the child is a girl.

India is the country where the spreading rate of HIV is highest in Asia.

India has the highest rate of people who live under the poverty line in world.

India is the country where 24 different organisations in different states working for there freedom.

Shastri wrotes in his biografi that he used to drink cow urin, and he said that it`s good for the health.

Nero chacha had an affair with a norwegian man, from Gudbrandsdalen in Norway, it was a big article and pictures of them when gay Nero visited him in Norway.

The biggest democracy??? Talk when it`s possible for an "achooot" (untouchable) to become prime-minister of the state.

A peaceful country????? We have been in war with Pakistan four times, once with china, are supporting terrorist group Tamil Tigers. Have over 750 000 soldiers in occupied Kashmir, whor are daily killing and raping kashmiris.
We are using most of our budget on military, when people have no food, no healthcare, no pure water etc. etc.

AND BY THE WAY:

Algebra was found by the Arabs. Al Jaberra is the right word. (read any international book on math`s history)

Zero or Sifar (word sifar is arabic) is first ever used and invented by Arabs.(read any international book on math`s history)

We have the roman system and teh arabic system. 12345..... is called the arabic numbers in the world of mathmatics.

And it`s a discusion on either chinese or the Arabs were founder of Chess.

Every single history related to the Indus Valley is history of Pakistan and not India, because Indus runs through Pakistan, so the navigation science comes from the sindhis. Sindh is second largest province of Pakistan in population.

India has invaded bhutan. And still is occupieng Jammu Kashmir, according to UN resolution.

India never existed before the muslim moghules conqured the several small states ruled by raja`s and they made india to India.
A bharat has actually never existed before that. Bharat was just a symbolic word used in vedas for the land east to sapta-sindh.
In vedas it`s written that the land of Sapta Sindh is pure and Bharat warsha east to that is "napunsak."

Language hindi has never existed, it`s based on urdu with some words from the dead language sansktit and written in sanskriti form. Under moghules urdu was the official language of india, and under the british raj english and urdu were oficial languages. where did hindi came from?

All Indian movies, songs and poetry is mostly in Urdu, but still we call it for hindi, ironically.
Most of those songs in indian movies are stolen from "across the border" (Pakistan)
The richest civilisation ever existed on the face of the earth was the egyptions, and then the civilisation of Babylon and Ur.

Harrappa valley culture is not indian. Harrappians where never indians because india did not exist on that time. And their culture vanished before india came on the map.They were sindhis who are Pakistanis.

Decimal: the word is from latin.[/size]

And when you have quoted persons who have said some "nice" things about india,,,,could you be more acurate and also write your source or sources? instead of thanking someone in delhi or using a person as your source.
I think you are really misguided and brainwashed.

Jai hind

Seek the truth and it will seek you.

Add World

2011-10-14T00:21:00.000-07:00

You are my TVS SCOOTY (First Love) and also my AIWA > (PURE PASSION).

I > always BPL (Believe in best) and you are SANSUI > (Better than best).

You > are MC DOWEL'S (Mera number one) love LA O PALA > (Made for one).

I > beleive in FRESHIYA (Gorepan se jyade khoobsurti ka > wada) and you are > one of the most beautiful in this world. >

I think of you day and night. When you give me one > and only Smile you > are DOMINO'S PIZZA (Delivering a Million of smile > per day) for me.

This > is COLGATE ENERGEY GEL (Seriously Fresh) feeling for > me.

I would like > you to be my life partner.

I know you are worried > about your Father who > is KAWASAKI BAJAJ CALIBER (The unshakeble) and

also > my Father who is > CEAT (Born tough).

But don't worry I am also FORD > ICON (The Josh > Machine) and rest of our family members are > KELVINATOR (The coolest > one).

If they will say no we will run away and marry > and PHILIPS (Lets > make things better).

They will feel MIRINDA (Jor ka > jatka dhire se lage) > and we are COCA COLA (Jo chahe ho Jaye Coca cola > enjoy).

Trust in God > who's always NOKIA (Connecting people) those who > love each other. >

And we are WILLS (Made for each Other).

We will be > HERO HONDA (Leading > the way) of our love life.

Then our life will be > BOLERO (Break free).

> Now HUNDAI (we are listening) the song of love you > must know that love > is DAIRY MILK (The real taste of life),

SATYAM ON > LINE (Fun, fast, > easy),

PARX (always comfortable) and also

AMUL (The > real taste of India) > and

for me life is HOME TRADE (Life means more).

So > never forget me. > > OK bye!

I wrote but PEPSI (Ye dil mange More) > >

LG [Digitally yours]

Anna Hazare's message to the Nation for 15th and 16th August.

2011-10-14T00:15:00.000-07:00

My Dear Fellow Indians, A decisive battle against corruption has begun. We are not against any political party. We want systemic reforms. We want a corruption-free India. After all, what are the people asking for â€“ a strong anti-corruption law which provides for honest and time-bound investigations and trials that result in jail for the guilty, confiscation of embezzled money and their dismissal from service? Are we asking too much? For two months, we were talking to the government. Government seems unwilling to take even small steps against corruption. Government appears insincere. We have met all prominent political leaders. We have tried everything. What do we do now? When I announced my indefinite fast from 16th August, the government threatened that they would crush us the way they crushed Baba Ramdev's peaceful agitation. Friends, this is a historic opportunity. We can't afford to lose it. We are determined to fight to the end. If they arrest us, we will peacefully offer ourselves. If they use batons and bullets, we will happily lay down our lives but will not leave the place. We will not retaliate. It will be a completely non-violent movement. â€œIf you fast on 16th August, you will be crushedâ€ â€“ this is what they are saying. â€œWe will impose section 144 on Jantar Mantarâ€ â€“ this is what they are thinking. But I say that if every citizen in this country takes off from his work from 16th August, comes on the streets in front of his house, at the crossing, with a tricolor in his hands shouting â€œBharat Mata ki Jaiâ€ and raising slogans against corruption, they will fall short of batons and bullets. The government may arrest one Anna Hazare but how will they arrest 120 crore Anna Hazares? They may impose section 144 at one Jantar Mantar but will they impose section 144 on the whole country? And let me tell you â€“ the police and army is with us. At traffic signals, policemen stop us, express their support and wish us well; at Raj Ghat, the policemen donated generously for the movement! So, will you take off from your work from 16 August? Will you descend on the streets with me? This year, the country will wait for 16th rather than 15th August. In solidarity, thanks Anna Hazare (Please make copies of this pamphlet and distribute it in large nos.) â€œWHY GOVERNMENT'S LOKPAL IS DANGEROUS???â€ Government's Lokpal is targeted against those who raise their voice against corruption rather than to punish the corrupt! The government's Lokpal bill covers only about 0.5% of public servants, yet it brings under its ambit virtually every citizen's group and organization, registered or unregistered, meant to serve the social sector. This raises a pertinent question -- whom is the Lokpal really targeted at? There are more than 1.25 crore central and state government employees. Out of this merely 65,000 Group A Central Government employees would be covered in the government bill leaving out all the lower officers and staff. This effectively means that there is no remedy against corruption that a common person faces daily in police, roads, industry, licensing, transport, roadways, municipality, rations, health services, education, pension, provident funds, Panchayat, forest department, irrigation department, etc. On the other hand, Lokpal would have jurisdiction over ALL NGOs, trusts, societies like Resident Welfare Associations(RWAs), big or small, whether registered or unregistered, whether they receive government funding or not, up to the village level! For instance, consider a group of citizens that unearths corruption of the Sarpanch and Block Development officer (BDO) in a village. The government's Lokpal can't take any action against the Sarpanch or BDO but it CAN lock up the group of HONEST active CITIZENS. Each and every association, like Resident Welfare Associations, Market Associations, even your neighborhood committees that organize festivals like Durga Puja, Ramlila, etc. would be under the purview of Lokpal. While there is no disagreement that the rot of corruption is also afflicting many societies, associations and NGOs, there already exists a plethora of laws like the Trust Act, Societies Act, FCRA, etc. to monitor them. Lokpal was originally intended for checking corruption in public servants. Regardless, if it is being extended to all associations of civil society, then why shouldn't it also cover all companies, businesses, political parties, and media houses? Government's Lokpal Provides Greater Protection to Corrupt! Provisions in the government's Lokpal Bill heavily favour corrupt public servants. Under this bill, a public servant accused of corruption is allowed to turn around and file a lawsuit against the complainant accusing him of filing a frivolous complaint. The government will provide a free advocate to the accused to help prove the citizen was wrong, while the citizen has to fend for himself. If the complaint proves to be frivolous, the minimum sentence FOR THE CITIZEN is TWO YEARS. But if the corruption charges are proved, the minimum sentence for the public servant is just SIX MONTHS! Will then any citizen dare raise a voice against corruption?

No exercise, long work hours double heart failure risk

2011-10-13T23:26:00.000-07:00

Sedentary men who work beyond 45 hours a week double their risk of dying from heart failure. However, men who keep fit or exercise and work long hours face no increased risk of dying from cardiac conditions.

The study examined data for 5,000 men -- aged between 40 and 59 years from 14 different companies -- which included their fitness levels over 30 years, reports the Daily Mail. The men did cycling exercise tests to assess their fitness and provided details on the average number of hours they worked every week, according to the journal Heart.

Around 70 percent of men worked between 41 and 45 hours a week, while around 20 percent worked longer hours. Over the course of the study, there were 587 deaths from heart disease caused by the narrowing and hardening of arteries.

Experts found that men who were unfit were at the greatest risk of dying from heart disease, particularly if they worked long hours.

Those who were both unfit and worked more than 45 hours a week were more than twice as likely to die from the disease than men working fewer than 40 hours.

And men who worked 41 to 45 hours a week had a 59 percent higher risk of dying from heart disease compared to those working under 40 hours.

Physically fit men working longer hours were 45 percent less likely to die of heart disease and 38 percent less likely to die of other causes than those who were unfit.

The findings, by a team from the National Research Centre for the Working Environment in Denmark, held true despite factors likely to influence the results, such as work stress and living conditions.

Mozilla Firefox Hot-keys | Keyboard Shortcuts

2011-10-13T23:23:00.000-07:00

Windows Keyboard Shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

CTRL + A - Select all text on a webpage

CTRL + B - Open the Bookmarks sidebar

CTRL + C - Copy the selected text to the Windows clipboard

CTRL + D - Bookmark the current webpage

CTRL + F - Find text within the current webpage

CTRL + G - Find more text within the same webpage

CTRL + H - Opens the webpage History sidebar

CTRL + I - Open the Bookmarks sidebar

CTRL + J - Opens the Download Dialogue Box

CTRL + K - Places the cursor in the Web Search box ready to type your search

CTRL + L - Places the cursor into the URL box ready to type a website address

CTRL + M - Opens your mail program (if you have one) to create a new email message

CTRL + N - Opens a new Firefox window

CTRL + O - Open a local file

CTRL + P - Print the current webpage

CTRL + R - Reloads the current webpage

CTRL + S - Save the current webpage on your PC

CTRL + T - Opens a new Firefox Tab

CTRL + U - View the page source of the current webpage

CTRL + V - Paste the contents of the Windows clipboard

CTRL + W - Closes the current Firefox Tab or Window (if more than one tab is open)

CTRL + X - Cut the selected text

CTRL + Z - Undo the last action

Windows Keyboard Shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

F1 - Opens Firefox help

F3 - Find more text within the same webpage

F5 - Reload the current webpage

F6 - Toggles the cursor between the address/URL input box and the current webpage

F7 - Toggles Caret Browsing on and off. Used to be able to select text on a webpage with the keyboard

F11 - Switch to Full Screen mode

Microsoft Word Keyboard Shortcut

2011-10-13T23:18:00.000-07:00

MS Word Keyboard Shortcut

CTRL and A - Selects all in the current document.

CTRL and B - Bold text.

CTRL and C - Copies the item or text to the Clipboard and can be pasted using CTRL and V.

CTRL and D - Displays the Font dialogue box.

CTRL and E - Centre Alignment.

CTRL and F - Displays the Find dialog box, to search the current document.

CTRL and G - Displays the Go to dialog box, to go to a specific location in the current document.

CTRL and H - Displays the Replace dialogue box.

CTRL and I - Italic text.

CTRL and J - Full Justification.

CTRL and K - Create Hyperlink

CTRL and L - Left Alignment

CTRL and M - Tab

CTRL and N - Creates a new document.

CTRL and O - Displays the Open File dialogue box.

CTRL and P - Displays the Print dialog box.

CTRL and R - Right Alignment.

CTRL and S - Displays the Save dialog box.

CTRL and U - Underline text

CTRL and V - Pastes the copied item or text from the Clipboard into the current position in the document.

CTRL and X - Cuts the item or text selected to the Clipboard.

CTRL and Y - Redo the last undone action.

CTRL and Z - Undoes the last action.

CTRL and ENTER - Insert Page Break.

CTRL and F2 - Show Print preview.

CTRL and F4 - Closes the active document window.

CTRL and F6 - Opens the next document window.

Internet Explorer Hotkeys | keyboard Shortcuts

2011-10-13T23:10:00.000-07:00

These are achieved by holding down the CONTROL (CTRL) key and pressing the assigned key

To Select all items on a webpage use CTRL and A.

To Copy a selected item to the clipboard use CTRL and C.

To Paste an item from the clipboard into a document use CTRL and V.

To Add the current page/document to your favorites use CTRL and D.

To Open the IE search utility use CTRL and E.

To Open the FIND box to search the current document use CTRL and F.

To Open the History utility use CTRL and H.

To Open the Favorites utility use CTRL and I.

To Go to a new location/document use CTRL and L. Also CTRL and O.

To Open a new Explorer window use CTRL and N.

To Print the current page/document use CTRL and P.

To Refresh the current page/document use CTRL and R or use the F5 key.

To Save the current document/page use CTRL and S.

To Close the current Explorer window use CTRL and W.
These are achieved by holding down and pressing a combination of keys

To go to your default homepage use ALT and the HOME key.

To go forward one page (equivalent to the FORWARD button) use ALT and the right arrow key.

To go back one page (equivalent to the BACK button) use ALT and the left arrow key.

Fdisk Basic Tutorial

2011-10-13T23:05:00.000-07:00

The Basics of Fdisk:

Primary partitions are the only one that are bootable. They're always the C: drive when active. Normally you can only have one (more with some special tricks etc.) Extended partitions are needed when you want more than one partition. You can only have ONE Extended partition. Logical Drives come into the Extended partition. They are handy since you know that you can only have one Primary and one Extended so you can get more than only two partitions. They would be your D:, E:, etc. drives.

First you need to reboot your system with the Boot Disk inserted.

1.At the A: prompt start "FDISK."

2.If asked to use Large Disc support say Yes.

3.The first screen looks like this:

Create Dos Partition or Logical Drive

Set Active Partition

Delete Partitions or Logical DOS Drives

Display Partition Information

Change current fixed drive. (In case you have two or more Hard Drivess)

So, to prepare you hopefully did a backup from your data. You did, didn't you ?!

4.Next we need to remove the existing partitions. So go to 3.

5.Next screen like this:

Delete Primary DOS

Delete Extended DOS

Delete Logical Drives

Delete Non-DOS

Delete always in the following order

Logical (All) > Extended > Primary (Last)

6.Go back to first screen after all partitions have been removed.

7.Now we need to setup our new partitions. Go to 1.

This screen looks like this:

Create Primary DOS

Create Extended DOS

Create Logical DOS Drives

Here we create in the following order

Primary > Extended > Logical Drives.

8.First create the Primary. If asked to use all space say No and enter the amount you wish for the C: drive. It should be set automatically to be the (only) Active partition. If not it may ask you or you have to select "2. Set active partition" from the main menu.

9.Next create the Extended Partition. Use all space left.

It probably advances automatically to the next step, creating the Logical DOS Drives.

10.Enter the amount you wish for the D: partition and than the rest for the third partition.

Think first about the size for the partitions.

OK now we're finished with FDISK so just exit it. Next you need to reboot with the disc still inserted and Format all partitions (the C: partition might need to be formatted with "format c: /s", check the Win95 tip). Another reboot and you can go ahead and install Windows.

When your system supports booting from CD just insert the Windows CD and reboot. The setup will start.

If not, follow these steps:

Win98: insert Boot Disk and CD, reboot, choose "2. boot with CDROM support" and once you're at the prompt change to your CD-drive letter (depends on your partition setup) and enter "setup".

Win95: You must format the C: partition with "Format C: /s"!. Next install your CDROM driver, reboot, insert the Win95 CD, change to the CD-driveletter, enter "setup".

I hope I made no mistakes.

Complete list of run commands in windows XP

2011-10-13T22:59:00.000-07:00

Run Commands In Windows XP

You can access all these programs by going through START-->RUN or Simply Click Windows Key+R

SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg

System Configuration Editor - sysedit

System Configuration Utility - msconfig

System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately) - sfc /scannow

System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot) - sfc /scanonce

System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot

System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting) - sfc /revert

System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache) - sfc /purgecache

System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x) - sfc/cachesize=x

System Information - msinfo32.

Task Manager – taskmgr

System Properties - sysdm.cpl

Task Manager – taskmgr

TCP Tester - tcptest

Telnet Client - telnet

Tweak UI (if installed) - tweakui

User Account Management - nusrmgr.cpl

Utility Manager - utilman

Windows Address Book - wab

Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig

Windows Backup Utility (if installed) - ntbackup

Windows Explorer - explorer

Windows Firewall - firewall.cpl

Windows Magnifier - magnify

Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc

Windows Media Player - wmplayer

Windows Messenger - msmsgs

Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected) - wiaacmgr

Windows System Security Tool – syskey

Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr

Windows Version (to show which version of windows) - winver

Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart

Wordpad - write

Password Properties - password.cpl

Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc

Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl

Phone Dialer - dialer

Pinball Game - pinball

Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl

Printers and Faxes - control printers

Printers Folder – printers

Private Character Editor - eudcedit

Quicktime (If Installed) - QuickTime.cpl

Real Player (if installed) - realplay

Regional Settings - intl.cpl

Registry Editor - regedit

Registry Editor - regedit32

Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone

Remote Desktop - mstsc

Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc

Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc

Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc

Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl

Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks

Security Center - wscui.cpl

Services - services.msc

Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc

Shuts Down Windows - shutdown

Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl

Spider Solitare Card Game - spider

Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt

Microsoft Access (if installed) - access.cpl

Microsoft Chat - winchat

Microsoft Excel (if installed) - excel

Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg

Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk

Microsoft Paint - mspaint

Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt

Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword

Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync

Minesweeper Game - winmine

Mouse Properties - control mouse

Mouse Properties - main.cpl

Nero (if installed)- nero

Netmeeting - conf

Network Connections - control netconnections

Network Connections - ncpa.cpl

Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl

Notepad - notepad

Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl

Object Packager - packager

ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl

On Screen Keyboard - osk

Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl

Outlook Express - msimn

Paint – pbrush

Keyboard Properties - control keyboard

IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfi/all

IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns

IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns

IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release

IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew

IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)- ipconfig/registerdns

IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid

IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid

Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl

Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws

Local Security Settings - secpol.msc

Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc

Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff.....

Accessibility Controls - access.cpl

Accessibility Wizard - accwiz

Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools control - admintools

Adobe Acrobat (if installed) - acrobat

Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist

Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist

Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready

Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop

Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt

Calculator - calc

Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc

Character Map - charmap

Check Disk Utility - chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd

Command Prompt - cmd

Component Services - dcomcnfg

Computer Management - compmgmt.msc

Control Panel - control

Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl

DDE Shares - ddeshare

Device Manager - devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr

Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc

Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager- diskpart

Display Properties- control desktop

Display Properties- desk.cpl

Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color

Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32

Driver Verifier Utility- verifier

Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc

Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz

File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif

Findfast- findfast.cpl

Firefox (if installed)- firefox

Folders Properties- control folders

Fonts- control fonts

Fonts Folder- fonts

Free Cell Card Game- freecell

Game Controllers- joy.cpl

Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc

Hearts Card Game- mshearts

Help and Support- helpctr

HyperTerminal- hypertrm

Iexpress Wizard- iexpress

Indexing Service- ciadv.msc

Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1

Internet Explorer- iexplore

Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz

Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl

All Nokia Codes

2011-10-13T22:46:00.000-07:00

Nokia Universal Codes

Code Description :
These Nokia codes will work on most Nokia Mobile Phones

(1) *3370# Activate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) - Your phone uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced my approx. 5%

(2) #3370# Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) OR *3370#

(3) *#4720# Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a lower quality sound but you should gain approx 30% more Talk Time.

(4) *#4720# Deactivate Half Rate Codec.

(5) *#0000# Displays your phones software version, 1st Line : Software Version, 2nd Line : Software Release Date, 3rd Line : Compression Type.

(6) *#9999# Phones software version if *#0000# does not work.

(7) *#06# For checking the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI Number).

(8) (#pw+1234567890+ 1# Provider Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w"and "+" symbols).

(9) #pw+1234567890+ 2# Network Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w"and "+" symbols).

(10) #pw+1234567890+ 3# Country Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w"and "+" symbols).

(11) #pw+1234567890+ 4# SIM Card Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" Go to Topand "+" symbols).

(12) *#147# (vodafone) this lets you know who called you last.

(13) *#1471# Last call (Only vodofone).

(14) *#21# Allows you to check the number that "All Calls" are diverted to

(15) *#2640# Displays security code in use.

(16) *#30# Lets you see the private number.

(17) *#43# Allows you to check the "Call Waiting" status of your phone.

(18) *#61# Allows you to check the number that "On No Reply" calls are diverted to.

(19) *#62# Allows you to check the number that "Divert If Unreachable (no service)" calls are diverted to.

(20) *#67# Allows you to check the number that "On Busy Calls" are diverted to.

(21) *#67705646# Removes operator logo on 3310 & 3330.

(22) *#73# Reset phone timers and game scores.

(23) *#746025625# Displays the SIM Clock status, if your phone supports this power saving feature "SIM Clock Stop Allowed", it means you will get the best standby time possible.

(24) *#7760# Manufactures code.

(25) *#7780# Restore factory settings.

(26) *#8110# Software version for the nokia 8110. Go to Top

(27) *#92702689# Displays - 1.Serial Number, 2.Date Made, 3.Purchase Date, 4.Date of last repair (0000 for no repairs), 5.Transfer User Data. To exit this mode you need to switch your phone off then on again. ( Favourite )

(28) *#94870345123456789 # Deactivate the PWM-Mem.

(29) **21*number# Turn on "All Calls" diverting to the phone number entered.

(30) **61*number# Turn on "No Reply" diverting to the phone number entered.

(31) **67*number# Turn on "On Busy" diverting to the phone number entered.

(32) 12345 This is the default security code. press and hold # Lets you switch between lines

NOKIA5110/5120/ 5130/5190

IMEI number: * # 0 6 #

Software version: * # 0 0 0 0 #

Simlock info: * # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 #

Enhanced Full Rate: * 3 3 7 0 # [ # 3 3 7 0 # off]

Half Rate: * 4 7 2 0 #

Provider lock status: #pw+1234567890+ 1

Network lock status #pw+1234567890+ 2

Provider lock status: #pw+1234567890+ 3

SimCard lock status: #pw+1234567890+ 4

NOKIA 6110/6120/6130/ 6150/6190

IMEI number: * # 0 6 #

Software version: * # 0 0 0 0 #

Simlock info: * # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 #

Enhanced Full Rate: * 3 3 7 0 # [ # 3 3 7 0 # off]

Half Rate: * 4 7 2 0 #

NOKIA3110

IMEI number: * # 0 6 #

Software version: * # 0 0 0 0 # or * # 9 9 9 9 # or * # 3 1 1 0 #

Simlock info: * # 9 2 7 0 2 6 8 9 #

NOKIA 3330

*#06# This will show your warranty details *#92702689#

*3370# Basically increases the quality of calling sound, but decreases battery length.

#3370# Deactivates the above

*#0000# Shows your software version

*#746025625# This shows if your phone will allow sim clock stoppage

*4370# Half Rate Codec activation. It will automatically restart

#4370# Half Rate Codec deactivation. It will automatically restart

Restore Factory Settings To do this simply use this code *#7780#

Manufacturer Info Date of Manufacturing *#3283#

*3001#12345# (TDMA phones only)

This will put your phone into programming mode, and you'll be presented with the programming menu.

2) Select "NAM1"

3) Select "PSID/RSID"

4) Select "P/RSID 1"

Note: Any of the P/RSIDs will work

5) Select "System Type" and set it to Private

6) Select "PSID/RSID" and set it to 1

7) Select "Connected System ID"

Note: Enter your System ID for Cantel, which is 16401 or 16423. If you don't know yours, ask your local dealer for it.

Â Select "Alpha Tag"

9) Enter a new tag, then press OK

10) Select "Operator Code (SOC)" and set it to 2050

11) Select "Country Code" and set it to 302 for Canada, and 310 for the US.

12) Power down the phone and power it back on again ISDN Code To check the ISDN number on your Nokia use this code *#92772689#

ABOUT EARTH HOUR

2011-10-13T22:37:00.000-07:00

Earth Hour started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia when 2.2 million homes and businesses turned their lights off for one hour to make their stand against climate change. Only a year later and Earth Hour had become a global sustainability movement with more than 50 million people across 35 countries participating. Global landmarks such as the, Sydney Harbour Bridge, The CN Tower in Toronto, The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, and Rome’s Colosseum, all stood in darkness, as symbols of hope for a cause that grows more urgent by the hour.

In March 2009, hundreds of millions of people took part in the third Earth Hour. Over 4000 cities in 88 countries officially switched off to pledge their support for the planet, making Earth Hour 2009 the world’s largest global climate change initiative.

Earth Hour 2010 takes place on Saturday 27 March at 8.30pm (local time) and is a global call to action to every individual, every business and every community throughout the world. It is a call to stand up, to take responsibility, to get involved and lead the way towards a sustainable future. Iconic buildings and landmarks from Europe to Asia to the Americas will stand in darkness. People across the world from all walks of life will turn off their lights and join together in celebration and contemplation of the one thing we all have in common – our planet. and let’s make 2010 the biggest Earth Hour yet!.

Earth Hour by WWF

Earth Hour is organized by . With almost 5 million supporters and a global network in over 100 countries, it’s one of the world's largest and most respected independent conservation organizations. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the Earth's natural environment and build a future where people live in harmony with nature.

Complete list of DOS Command Index

2011-10-13T22:33:00.000-07:00

DOS Command Index
Information about all current DOS commands

APPEND
(External)

APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]

Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.

ASSIGN
(External)

ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta

Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.

ATTRIB
(External)

ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]

Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.

BACKUP
(External)

BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]

Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)

BREAK
(Internal)

BREAK =on|off

Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination.

BUFFERS
(Internal)

BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.

CALL
(Internal)

CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]

Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue.

CHCP
(Internal)

CHCP (codepage)

Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use.

CHDIR
(Internal)

CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]

Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.

CHKDSK
(External)

CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]

Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.

CHOICE
(Internal)

CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]

Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running.

CLS (Clear Screen)
(Internal)

CLS

Clears (erases) the screen.

COMMAND
(External)

COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K (command)]

Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads the DOS Internal programs).

COMP
(External)

COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]

Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See FC command).

COPY
(Internal)

COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V]

Copies and appends files.

COUNTRY
(Internal)

COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text conventions during processing.

CTTY
(Internal)

CTTY (device)

Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device.

DATE
(Internal)

DATE mm-dd-yy

Displays and/or sets the system date.

DBLSPACE
(External)

DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d:
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]

A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information on a disk.

DEBUG
(External)

DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]

An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.

DEFRAG
(External)

DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]

Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.

DEL (ERASE)
(Internal)

DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]

Deletes (erases) files from disk.

DELOLDOS
(External)

DELOLDOS [/B]

Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0 installation.

DELTREE
(External)

DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]

Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it.

DEVICE
(Internal)

DEVICE=(driver name)

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.

DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)

DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)

Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to install the device driver into the upper memory area.

DIR
(Internal)

DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]

Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.

DISKCOMP
(External)

DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]

Compares the contents of two diskettes.

DISKCOPY
(External)

DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]

Makes an exact copy of a diskette.

DOS
(Internal)

DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used.

DOSKEY
(External)

DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]

Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them.

DOSSHELL
(External)

DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]

Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution.

DRIVPARM
(Internal)

DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.

ECHO
(Internal)

ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)

Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file.

EDIT
(External)

EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]

Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files.

EMM386
(External)

EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]

Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor.

EXE2BIN
(External)

EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename

Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.

EXIT
(Internal)

EXIT

Exits a secondary command processor.

EXPAND
(External)

EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]

Expands a compressed file.

FASTHELP
(External)

FASTHELP [command][command] /?

Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.

FASTOPEN
(External)

FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]

Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.

FC
(External)

FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename

or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename

Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.

FCBS
(Internal)

FCBS=(number)

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks for file sharing.

FDISK
(External)

FDISK [/status]

Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.

FILES
(Internal)

FILES=(number)

Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time.

FIND
(External)

FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]

Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files.

FOR
(Internal)

FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)

or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)

Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and interactive processing).

FORMAT
(External)

FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]

Formats a disk to accept DOS files.

GOTO
(Internal)

GOTO (label)

Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.

GRAFTABL
(External)

GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]

Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics adapter).

GRAPHICS
(External)

GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)]

Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.

HELP
(External)

HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]

Displays information about a DOS command.

IF
(Internal)

IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]

Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.

INCLUDE
(Internal)

INCLUDE= blockname

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one CONFIG.SYS block within another.

INSTALL
(Internal)

INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into conventional memory.

INTERLINK
(External)

INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]

Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers can share disks and printer ports.

INTERSVR
(External)

INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY

Starts the Interlink server.

JOIN
(External)

JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]

Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive.

KEYB
(External)

KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)]

Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards.

LABEL
(External)

LABEL [d:][volume label]

Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.

LASTDRIVE
(Internal)

LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed.

LOADFIX
(Internal)

LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters]

Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional memory, and runs the program.

LOADHIGH
(Internal)

LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters]

Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between 640K-1M).

MEM
(External)

MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]

Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.

MEMMAKER
(External)

MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2]

Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your computer's memory.

MENUCOLOR
(Internal)

MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen.

MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)

MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.

MENUITEM
(Internal)

MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.

MIRROR
(External)

MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1]

Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally erased files.

MKDIR
(MD) (Internal)

MKDIR (MD) [d:]path

Creates a new subdirectory.

MODE
(External)

MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH

Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.

MORE
(External)

MORE < (filename or command)
(name)|MORE

Sends output to console, one screen at a time.

MOVE
(Internal)

MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination

Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories.

MSAV
(External)

MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse]
MSAV /video

Scans your computer for known viruses.

MSBACKUP
(External)

MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA]

Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another.

MSCDEX
(External)

MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number]

Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6).

MSD
(External)

MSD [/B][/I]
MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename

Provides detailed technical information about your computer.

NLSFUNC
(External)

NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename

Used to load a file with country-specific information.

NUMLOCK
(Internal)

NUMLOCK=on|off

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key.

PATH
(Internal)

PATH;
PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]

Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory.

PAUSE
(Internal)

PAUSE [comment]

Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed.

POWER
(External)

POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off]

Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power management, and set levels of power conservation.

PRINT
(External)

PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...]

Queues and prints data files.

PROMPT
(Internal)

PROMPT [prompt text] [options]

Changes the DOS command prompt.

RECOVER
(External)

RECOVER [d:][path]filename
RECOVER d:

Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version 6, RECOVER is no longer available ).

REM
(Internal)

REM [comment]

Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on).

RENAME (REN)
(Internal)

RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename

Changes the filename under which a file is stored.

REPLACE
(External)

REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W]

Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location.

RESTORE
(External)

RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D]

Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command.

RMDIR (RD)
(Internal)

RMDIR (RD) [d:]path

Removes a subdirectory.

SCANDISK
(External)

SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay]
SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary]
SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename
SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono]

Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds.

SELECT
(External)

SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code]

Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available).

SET
(Internal)

SET (string1)=(string2)

Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used later by programs.

SETVER
(External)

SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet]

Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to programs.

SHARE
(External)

SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks]

Installs support for file sharing and file locking.

SHELL
(Internal)

SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS should use.

SHIFT
(Internal)

SHIFT

Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files.

SORT
(External)

SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename)
SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)

Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.

STACKS
(Internal)

STACKS=(number),(size)

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size of each stack frame.

SUBMENU
(Internal)

SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.

SUBST
(External)

SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D

Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.

SWITCHES
(Internal)

SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W]

Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.

SYS
(External)

SYS [source] d:

Transfers the operating system files to another disk.

TIME
(Internal)

TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]

Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time.

TREE
(External)

TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]

Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.

TYPE
(Internal)

TYPE [d:][path]filename

Displays the contents of a file.

UNDELETE
(External)

UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]

Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.

UNFORMAT
(External)

UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]

Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.

VER
(Internal)

VER

Displays the DOS version number.

VERIFY
(Internal)

VERIFY on|off

Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to assure that files are copied correctly.

VOL
(Internal)

VOL [d:]

Displays a disk's volume label.

VSAFE
(External)

VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U]

VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.

XCOPY
(External)

XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.

Syntax Notes

To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.

For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.

Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name

The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both.

2. Space

Always leave a space after the command name.

3. Drive Designation

The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive).

4. A Colon

When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation).

5. Pathname

A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.

6. Filename

A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.

7. Filename Extension

A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required.

8. Switches

Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.

9. Brackets

Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets.

10. Ellipses

Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed.

11. Vertical Bar

When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both