Reach the Destiny....

About Civil Services

2010-09-09T22:19:00.002+05:30

About the Exam

Before starting the preparation, it is important to have a complete understanding about the exam process, its structure and the various aspects related to the preparation.

The structure of the exam and related information can be obtained from the UPSC website.
Go to www.upsc.gov.in link to examination sections. Then link to the archives, where you will find the notification of Civil services exam. The complete notification should be studied carefully.

Nature of the Exam

In any competitive exam, understanding the nature of the exam is the most crucial phase. The preparation will be more focused when you know exactly what the examiner is expecting. At the same time, the competition is relative. You only need to be better than the other aspirants to get a final place in the merit list.

The nature of the exam can be analyzed through the following ways:
- A thorough analysis of the previous year’s papers and the recent trends.
- Discussing elaborately with teachers, successful candidates and seniors.
- Carefully understanding the requirements of the exam as given in the notification.

The preparation should start only after having the basic idea about the exam. Later on, as you study, there should be a continuous analysis and comparison between your preparation and the requirements of the exam. This kind of assessment will help in being very focused and all the efforts can be channelised in the right direction.

Understanding the nature of the exam is very critical for success in civils exam. First of all, lets examine why it takes so much time for many in clearing this exam. There is lot of hype around the IAS exam. People have very ridiculous ides about the preparation for it. The coaching institutes, magazines and toppers almost everyone associated with the exam try to increase this hype due to vested interests. So a fresh aspirant comes with the idea that he has to do some hi-funda preparation and be like a scholar in the subjects. He starts his preparation on a high note and works hard in the beginning. For each topic he tries to do maximum and best preparation. In the process, he reads all the text books and the coaching material available in the market. Some spend 2-3 days on each topic and prepare 10-15 pages of notes. Gradually, he feels exhausted and the momentum slows down. Due to this approach, he is not able to complete the syllabus. So, he goes for a selective study as the exam nears. Now the pressure becomes unbearable, as on one hand he has not completed the syllabus and on the other hand he prepared so much notes for each topic that revision becomes impossible within a short time. People have a funny idea that civils can be cleared only in multiple attempts. So, the aspirant starts succumbing to pressure and convinces himself that it is only his first attempt and, therefore he can prepare better next time. Naturally, his performance in the exam affects and he is in no position to clear the exam. When the marks come, he will compare his marks with what he has written. Then, he will also compare the marks of toppers. With experience, he realizes that the exam does not expect him to be a master in the subject. But merely that the aspirant should be thorough in the basics.

The civils exam is all about the basics with lot of clarity. The exam process is complex, but the solution should be a simple one. If the aspirant complicates the preparation also, then he is in real trouble. To understand the exam, just observe the following facts:
- The candidates who qualify for IAS (say top 40) get marks in the range of 55-60%.
- To make it to the final list, a candidate requires 50-55%
- To qualify for the interview a candidate requires 48-50%

That means, it is sufficient to get a ‘Second class’ to clear the exam. Even the toppers get only around 60% marks. The reason is due to the nature of the exam itself. The syllabus is so huge that it is not humanly possible to be a scholar in all the papers – GS, essay and two optionals (preliminary, main and interview). In the final month, when revision has to be done, there will be around 2000 topics in all including various sub-topics from which questions can be asked. It is not possible for anyone to master that much syllabus. The exam can be written well when the preparation is simple and the aspirant is very strong in basics with clarity.

In Public administration, there is a theory on Decision making by Herbert Simon. Taking an analogy of that theory to exam preparation, the strategy should be a ‘Satisfying’ approach. It means a preparation which is ‘good enough’ for the exam. Whereas, many try to do a ‘maximising’ approach where they want to do the best preparation without considering the requirements of the exam. The civils exam is all about basics and a Satisfycing approach.

Anyhow, the exam process itself is psychologically very pressurizing. We should devise ways to reduce this pressure. By adopting a Maximizing approach, the revision becomes very difficult and the exam days will be a nightmare. When the preparation is complicated, there is a real danger of confusion with respect to clarity. Since, revision is difficult, remembering and reproducing in the exam hall will be affected. Therefore, the focus should be on getting clarity on the basics. When the foundation is strong there is no problem of revision and reproduction. Moreover, the exam only requires 50% marks, which is quite easy with good basics. The marks can be further enhanced with innovation in writing answers. That will take the scores beyond 55-60%, ensuring a top service. So, the real key to the civils exam is – basics with clarity and innovation.

The creativity and innovation is not something that you will get in the text books. They have to be developed on your own. It requires lot of thinking and observation. By innovation in answers what is meant is –
- catchy introduction
- diagrams
- graphs
- flow charts
- maps
- case studies
- contemporary touch and applicability
- Conclusion.

Basics with clarity will come when there is lot of questioning while studying. The topic has to be studied in a logical manner. Suppose you are studying a topic on Inflation. Think logically as a layman, then you should get the following sequence of questions
- what is inflation
- why should there be inflation, i.e., causes
- So what if there is inflation, i.e., impact
- If impact is negative, then naturally we should be doing something to reduce it, so what steps were taken and what happened
- If still inflation is there, then what’s wrong with the steps taken
- How to control inflation , any suggestions by experts and recent developments.
You can add innovations like say a simple graph showing how the inflation has been in recent times and also a flow diagram about the impact of inflation.

In this manner, the basics in the topic can be covered with clarity. And the topic should be remembered in this logical structured way for the exam. It should be understood that once you have done the topic in this comprehensive method through logical questioning, the preparation is over for that topic. You need not go through any journals or hi-funda text books for becoming an expert in the topic. This much of basics with clarity is sufficient for the exam. And, this is what is humanly possible in view of the huge syllabus.

Secondly, since the preparation will be simple with a Satisfycing approach, it is easy to complete the whole syllabus. The reason why many go for selective preparation is because they maximize each topic, spend 2-3 days on it and in the end there is no time for completing the syllabus. It becomes very risky in the exam if the paper is not favourable. So, its very important that no topic is left out in the syllabus.

It should be noted that completing the syllabus with basic clarity itself requires lots of efforts. But the hard work would be channelised in the right direction and there would be no reason why the candidate would not be successful.

So, to summarize, the following points should be kept in mind while doing preparation:
- It is a Second class exam which requires a satisfycing approach
- The focus should be on gaining basic clarity in each topic, which will come only through lots of logical questioning
- The whole syllabus should be completed
- More time should be spent on thinking about the topic and making innovations, rather than on reading too many study material.
- The previous papers should be thoroughly analyzed to understand the expectations of the examiner.
- The preparation should be focused and all the hard work should be channelised in the right direction.

Choosing the optionals

The most important step in the exam is chosing the optionals. There is a need to be really cautious about the optionals. The main problem is lack of level playing field between the optionals. In fact, the result depends a lot on the optionals that we take.

Some criteria which should guide you while chosing optionals are:

- interest in the subject. This is quite important for sustaining the momentum in studies and completing the huge syllabus.
- Availability of guidance – in the form of seniors who cleared with the optional, coaching, material, etc.
- Performance of the optional in the last few years.
- Time gap between the two optionals. Chose the optionals combination so that there is some time gap between them.

Some of the optionals which a majority take are: Anthropology, Geography, History, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology and Literature.

The main advantage with these optionals are:
- availability of guidance, which reduces the efforts to a large extent
- the knowledge also helps in GS, Essay and interview.
- They are also relevant for an administartive career.

The reason why they are called ‘scoring’ is not because the examiners give more marks here. The guidance helps a lot in understanding the exam quickly. So, we can prepare accordingly and score well. Also, because there is market for these subjects, the material available is also of good standard. Moreover, there is no risk associated with these optionals.

If a person is from professional education background, which optionals should he choose? This is a basic question for many. There is a tendancy to opt for the graduating subject. Lets understand the problems associated with these subjects.
- There will be no guidance available. So, lots of time will have to be spent in understanding the requirements of the exam. Then, searching for the material. It becomes a trial and error process. All the energies will be spent on this, while you get exhausted when really studying. At the same time, you will also have to complete the huge syllabus of another optional and GS.
- Because of the above problem, it will take more time and more attempts. While, your friends in other fields go far ahead. So, both peer and social pressure starts. The exam is anyhow psychologically draining, if other pressures add to it , then it becomes unbearable. Finally, your goal of cracking the exam becomes impossible.
- You will have to do every thing on your own. Initially it might be fine. But the exam is of long duration. It becomes difficult to sustain the momentum on your own.
- Previously, science and engg. Optionals used to do very well. In top 20, there used to be 18-19 from IIT and engg background. But after 2000, UPSC has modified the syllabus. It became a very huge syllabus and even the exam questions are made tough. Thats the reason why, very few are writing the exam from IITs now. Many engineers are taking arts optionals instead of sciences. Just observe the background of the toppers and their optionals.

A person might be University topper, but we have to understand the difference between an academic exam and a competitive exam. Moreover, the optionals are not on the same platform. So it is very important to be careful, while chosing optionals, even though you might feel you are really good in a particular subject.

Still, if you are confident about your subject, then do take that optional. Because, there is nothing like a scoring or non-scoring optional. There are some people who cleared with optionals that others don’t take generally. But take into consideration the following points
- do you have a senior who has cleared with this optional and who can guide you well
- do you have close association with professors who have good understanding about this exam.
- Are you clear about the requirements of the exam? Study the previous papers thoroughly and assess yourself
- Be clear about the books to follow. Don’t do trial and error process. Do a focused exam oriented preparation.
- Be aware that you have to put double the efforts compared to other aspirants. This should always be on your mind.
- Do not neglect other optional and GS. Give equal importance.
- Form a group of aspirants with same optional. If you prepare in isolation, then there will be no flow of information.

There are some succesful candidates with following optionals – Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Commerce and Accountancy, Managemet, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Zoology.

Do not be in a hurry to decide about the optional. Be very cautious and consult the right people about the information. Analyse carefully all the pros and cons, and then take a decision purely based on your assessment.

Coaching

Due to the complex exam procedure, the coaching assumes a crucial role. Unfortunately, it is a costly affair. But the coaching has the following advantages:
- helps in understanding the requirements of the exam quickly, so that the preparation is focussed.
- reduces the efforts in preparation, as subject experts teach the topics in exam orientation. Any how, the candidate has to prepare for atleast one new optional.
- helps in getting many contacts with co-aspirants which is useful for exam related information. Never prepare for this exam in complete isolation. In any complex situation, information plays the key role.

It is advisable to go for some coaching classes. But remember that there are not many genuine teachers available. So be very careful while joining any institute. Please take into account the following points:
- do not merely go by the advertisements, nor the claims made in magazines or the interviews supposedly given by the toppers.
- meet the successful candidates and the seniors who have taken coaching from that institute.
- do not go by the advise of only one person. It is better to contact as many as possible and get a general opinion.
- meet the teacher personally,ask for their programme details, results,etc, and assess yourself if it is worth joining there.

If you are working somewhere or economically under privileged, and therefore, cannot go for coaching, please do not get discouraged. There are many people who cleared the exam without coaching. You can device ways of getting the required information about the exam. But you should always be aware that you will have to work harder than others to clear the exam. So be prepared for that and believe that hard work will always be paid back in the end.

Check out the competition magazines to get the addresses of various coaching institutes.

Marks:
The following data about the marks and the ranks will give a general idea about the efforts that are required. The marks and the ranks keep varying every year depending on the vacancies and the standard of the question papers.

In prelims, a score of above 300 out of 450 is desirable to be on the safe side. In GS, it is better to be above 80. The scores for the optionals should be in the range of 80-90 or above depending on the subjects. Usually, it is believed that a proportion of students are taken from each optional. So, in any case, you are expected to be in the top segment in your optional to get selected for the mains.

The scores for the mains are in the range of 50-55%. Usually, a score of above 1050 is better to ensure a place in the final list.

In the interview, a score around 150-180 is a normal performance. Some get a score of even 220-240. The UPSC has deliberately kept a wide range in interview (scores vary between 50-240), so as to have the final say in who would get into the service. So, it is very important to make personality development a vital part in your preparation. The final rank is going to depend very much on the interview marks.
In general category, the score should be above 1290 to get into IAS.
The actual ranks and the service placements can be obtained from the personnel ministry website. www.persmin.nic.in

Exam time table
The exam time table is almost the same every year. This information will be useful in selecting the optionals. But remember clearly that you interest in the subject should be the main criteria.

The exam sequence is as follows:

GS
Essay and English
Indian language paper
History
Mathematics, Statistics
Sociology, Anthropology
Geography
Engineering subjects
Political Science, Public Administration
Literatures
Physics
Commerce, Management
Zoology
Economics
Botany
Law
Philosophy
Agriculture, Veterinary Science
Psychology
Chemistry
Geology

General Suggestions:

Observe the following points:
- Long hours of study and lot of other sacrifices are needed. You should have a very determined mental make up and a never-say-die kind of spirit.
- The fortune favours the brave. So work hard with courage inspite of the failures. The final reward is bound to come. The luck factor does not help if you don’t work hard to your full capacity.
- to err is human, but the one who rectifies is a champion. So, do lots of introspection as you progress in the preparation. This will help you in identifying the mistakes and rectifying them at the right time.
- Devotion and Determination are the keys to the success. Be ready to work hard. But at the same time, ensure that your efforts are channelised in the right direction.
- Plan your study and try to work it out within schedule. Set weekly targets and at the end of the week, do a self-appraisal.
- Patience and perseverence always pays. You should have the confidence and the killer instinct. Remember clearly that there are no shortcuts to success.
- there will be lots of temptation to give up the attempt, as you progress in the preparation. This is mainly due to the huge syllabus and the accumulating pressure. But be aware that these are the critical moments. You should face all these pressures with courage. Be determined to clear the exam in the first attempt.

How should a fresh candidate approach the exam?
A new aspirant should keep in mind the following points:
- first try to understand the exam. Gather information from various sources, analyse the previous years’ papers, meet seniors and teachers, and think deeply about the exam and the way you should prepare.
- chose the optionals very carefully.
- Settle down in some place where you can study without disturbances, it is better to be isolated for a year during the preparation.
- select the coaching centers carefully after enquiring from various sources. Do not merely go by the advertisements.
- Do not be in a hurry to buy all the material available in the market. Be selective and chose only the best, based on advise of right seniors.
- Establish good relation with the teachers and make complete advantage of their experience.
- Remember always that you are going to have a tough period for next two years. So be well prepared for all situations. Keep working hard right from the beginning without any distractions.
- Believe strongly that you will clear the exam in the first attempt itself and do not compromise at any stage. If required work harder than ever before.
- Take care of your health aspects. It is better to learn ‘Sudarshan Kriya’ as early as possible.
- Do not be in a hurry to complete the syllabus. Go slow when you read new concepts. Do regular revisions.
- make writing practise a part of your daily routine.
- The current affairs notes should be prepared every day.
- The preparation should be started atleast a year ahead of the prelims exam.
- Do not give the attempt unless you are confident of qualifying for the interview. The first attempt should be the best one, so work hard with determination.

Contact Me

2010-02-23T11:00:00.003+05:30

Hello Friends,

I hope You guys liked My Collection and making use of them, if u guys really want to help others by sharing the information that u have collected , u can please send me your collection to dpiitm@gmail.com with IAS as subject and i will post the material giving credit to ur name!!

please help others in gaining enough knowledge and help them towards their destiny!!

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Psychology- Mains

2010-02-04T15:15:00.002+05:30

Mains

Psychology- 1997 - Download
Psychology- 1998 - Download
Psychology- 1999 - Download
Psychology- 2000 - Download
Psychology- 2004 - Download
Psychology- 2005 - Download
Psychology- 2006 - Download
Psychology- 2007 - Download
Psychology- 2008 - Download
Psychology- 2009 - Download

English Mains

2010-02-04T11:59:00.003+05:30

Mains

English- 1997 - Download
English- 1998 - Download
English- 1999 - Download
English- 2000 - Download
English- 2002 - Download
English 2005 - Download

Public Administration-Mains

2010-02-04T11:52:00.002+05:30

Mains

Public Administration-1997 - Download
Public Administration-1998 - Download
Public Administration-1999 - Download
Public Administration-2000 - Download
Public Administration-2002- Download
Public Administration-2003 - Download

Geography- Mains

2010-02-03T18:03:00.002+05:30

Mains

Geography-1997 - Download
Geography-1998 -Download
Geography-1999 -Download
Geography-2000 - Download
Geography-

General Studies - Mains

2010-02-03T17:51:00.002+05:30

Mains

General Studies-1997 - Download
General Studies-1998 - Download
General Studies-1999 - Download
General Studies-2000 - Download
General Studies-2003 - Download

Anthropology- Mains

2010-02-03T17:06:00.003+05:30

MAINS

Anthropology-1997- Download
Anthropology-1998 - Download
Anthropology-1999 - Download
Anthropology-2000 - Download
Anthropology-

NCERT

2010-01-15T16:10:00.012+05:30

Class X - General Sciences (Science & Technology)

Answers

Class X - Social Sciences

Class XI - Indian Constitution

Class XI - Physical Geography

Class XI - Business Studies

Class XI - Economics

Class XI - Accountancy I

Class XI - Accountancy II

Class XI - Macro Economics

Class XII - Micro Economics

Class XII - Accountancy -I

Class XII - Accountancy -II

Class XII - Human Geography

Class XII - India People and Economy

Class XII - Sociology (Social changes in India)

Class XII - Biology

Downloads

2010-01-15T16:07:00.002+05:30

NCERT BOOKS

How to Succeed in Indian Civil Service: A Sure way

2010-01-11T09:08:00.001+05:30

The path to the coveted Civil Services is full of ups and downs and is a highly uneven track to traverse. Before taking a decision about Civil Services as your career, it is expedient to check up oneself and remain determined afterwards.

The first and foremost thing to decide while aspiring for Civil Services is the judicious choice subjects for the Prelims and the Mains. This is the most important and first step of your journey and should be accomplished most carefully as coming things hinge on it and a wrong decision may prove to be disastrous. Careful analysis of syllabus, previous years' papers, your calibre, requirement of subject (Visionary, Numerical, Theoretical), comfort level with the subject and past trends should be done. Advice from seniors and fellow candidates should also be sought. To avoid dithering in choice at later stage, initial deep thinking and consultations are a must. Having decided the subject, it is advisable to stick to your choice even if the perception of others about it is not favorable.

Preparation for General Studies can be done hand in hand while preparing for Optional papers. Good mix of study hours for General Studies and Optional makes study enjoyable and it becomes easy to sustain for long hours without losing interest and enthusiasm. Before Prelims result, one Optional can be exhaustively prepared so as to have an edge during study for the Mains and also to ease out burden during these busy days.

General Studies, though does not have any limits, yet syllabus as outlined by UPSC gives quite good understanding of the question paper. General tendency about General Studies paper is to devote much more time on unproductive readings which, in reality yields little returns. Concentrate on what is more probable, followed by probable, then less probable if time permits. Even if you do not cover less probable ones, you are not at much of loss. So, be secure and study systematically.
Being a regular reader of newspapers n magazines gives good command and writing skill, hence, this should be made a habit. Trend now-a-days has shifted more towards current issues, hence a thorough awareness of recent happenings is mandatory. one you achieve the threshold in General Studies, more efforts should be put on Optional (Especially in Prelims) as it is more scoring and is the hub of success.

For Mains, syllabus is quite beautifully elaborated and we know beforehand the study topics. Ready reference material as published in some magazines is of great help. I believe that the preamble of UPSC Question Paper are the instructions on the front page of the paper. Give some time in reading the instructions and follow them. By doing this, you are averting a possible source of error which could creep in if you do not read them.

Follow the world-limit as prescribed at the end of the question to the extent possible. Try to confine your answer within that limit, never exceed it. The art to express many contrasting views in a confined word space comes through practice, so practise some previous years' question papers. Be your own while writing, never try to imitate anybody. Your expression needs try to be limited yet comprehensive while writing General Studies paper. In Essay paper, your imagination can reach zenith but with a purpose, never divert from the main topic. To ensure, work out the sub-titles, rearrange them if necessary and once you are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate are satisfied with the rough work, elaborate on this outline after wards.

There is no standard word-limit yet. What one can effectively write in 3-hour duration is good enough length. My essay consisted of approx 2500 words. Conclusion should be drawn only at the end, take a balanced approach and write whatever good comes to your mind at the end, take a balanced approach and write what ever good comes to your mind at the moment. Devote initial 40-46 minutes on preparing rough outline. Next 2 hours for writing inflow and last 15-20 minuets for review and corrections.

In addition to Competition Success Review and standard books, I studied History Polity of Spectrum Series books, Economics, Science & Technology and Geography through MnM Series books which I found quite useful.

"How to write an answer" is equally vital for Optional paper as it is for General Studies & Essay. Students sometimes ignore basics and it costs much. Before proceeding, state all the assumptions involve and try to give minutes plausible details, adopt step0by-step approach, see that no vital step is left in between, as these steps are the links and missing or weak links can never ensure good strength of the answer, so be careful about it. All this sequential and systematic answering comes through a lot of practice and analysis of standard answers. Simulate the actual examination hours at home to judge your performance and to plug any loopholes.

For the Personality Test one should better form a group of 3-4 people as the preparation for Interview cannot be done in isolation. All would agree that personality is a life-time asset and expecting miraculous alterations in personality in a span of a few days or weeks is not possible. Yet, efforts can be made to overcome major deficiency and polish p views and opinions. Remember, no one is omniscient and non-awareness of something should be admitted with politeness. Only those people learn who have urge to change are willing to accept new ideologies. If at any point of time, you could show that your approach is flexible an amenable the world is yours. It is better to say 'No' than to bluff around. Those interviewing are highly experienced persons and know much better than us, therefore one should be expressed only if asked so, never start giving history of an issue, unless asked to do so. Of the question put is not clear t you, politely ask for more information. It is not the factual knowledge but your views which are on test. Always observe interview etiquette and be honest, polite, convincing an modest. Arrogance, rigidity, flicking round the issue should be avoided.

A lot depends upon the Almighty, so pray often. Be self confident but not complacent, honest, motivated, have patience and be optimistic. Work hard as there is no short-cut to success and hard work never goes unrewarded. I would like to quote Swami Vivekanand (often my eldest brother reminds me of it): Arise awake and rest not till the goal is achieved. There are many ups and downs during the course. It is the 'downs' which need to be tackled more vigorously and skillfully, it is when a person's qualities are on test and they emerge as winners who have these qualities.

I have read somewhere that winners are those who manage their hardships effectively and do learn from our mistakes makes us successful. Never feel depressed, self confidence and inner strength are the two basic requirements for anybody to appear in this examination. Believe in yourself. You are your own best judge and you know which areas are weak and need reinforcement.

Profound Faith In God, Strong Will Power and Dogged Pursuit Do Bear Fruit -Ms. Manju Rajpal, IAS Topper Among Women 2000
"Winners don't do different things, but they do the things differently" - these lines appearing in the Preface of Shiv Khera's Book "You Can With" touch the very fathom of success or failure in life. There are no roses always strewn on the path of those moving towards their goal in life; instead the thorns in the way is the biggest truth of life. I never agree with those who think failure s synonymous with lick. Every sweat of your brow through hard work bears the splendour of your bright career and this ensures your Golden Tomorrow. Those who keep faith in their capabilities, shape their future with their own deeds. We have t take exam/test at every step f life. Therefore, whether it is a competitive exam or a sundry struggle in day-to-day life, till you have the high aim of standing first or coming out victorious therein, the pinnacle of success remains a distance dream.

The first step towards success is to choose your goal honestly and thereafter to make dedicated efforts backed by strong determination t achieve it. By honesty, I mean that incases you are selecting Civil Services s your career, the first quest ion that you should put to yourself is: Whether you want to become the same of which you are making efforts. It is very easy to inherit a dream, an aspiration or a goal but to muster courage to convert it into reality is surely a difficult task. Therefore, if father desires, mother has a dream or it is a pressure from your social circle or family that you have to be a shining star in the firmament of civil Services but you are planning, for your job satisfaction, quite a different a career for you, my advice to you would be to reconsider your decision for making Civil Services as your goal. If the decision to join Civil Services is your own, then assess your suitability in the context of your capabilities to see whether you passes the requisite self-confidence, dedicated efforts, strong determination and commitment; the reason being that the lack of constant and hardwork leading to initial setback or failure to achieve the desired success engulfs the whole personality into darkness.

If your decision is backed by an honest assessment of positive aspect of your capacity or capability, then proceed towards your goal in right direction and, believe me no obstacle on the way can ever waver you from your path. By right direction; I mean that if you want to ensure your success in Civil Services, then it is desirable to make a right selection of study material. I have seen many candidates studying a lot which is hardly necessary. Therefore, don't waste your energy. Take a decision on the basis of the nature of your Optionals whether extensive or intensive study is required. Always use authentic and dependable study material brought out by standard publishers.

You must be quite serious in the selection of your subjects. Some subjects are considered scoring and that the chances of success therein are rated quite high. This is a wrong method of subject-selection. Subject-selection should be always based on your interest in the subject, availability of study material and your ability to understand the nature of the subject as a first reaction, better evaluate your deficiencies in the subject and try to remove them. In my opinion, keeping in view the moral disequilibrium and fall in performance level as a result of such frequent change of subjects, it is better to stick to your original after rectifying your drawbacks. Preparation for civil Services demands right time-management. If there is something more valuables than time, it is 'Time' only. Therefore, instead of wasting the interlude between completion of prelims exam and its results, prepare at least one Optional, assuming that you would be successful in the exam. Then at the time for General Studies and the other Optional. At the same time, one of the criteria for selection for Civil Service is that how for a candidate succeeds in expressing himself through originality of thoughts; excellence and analytical presentation via effective writing. An in-depth study of the subject is desirable but there is a world of difference between "knowing all" and "effective presentation of requisite knowledge". Therefore, make constant efforts to develop your expressive power.

Keep your self-confidence intact while appearing for the Prelims and the Mains, then only you can attempt the Question Paper in a reasonably logical way. Select Questions after utmost thought and instead of making hurry in answering the questions, it is better to understand their true content.

In prelims, while it may be alright to answer objective questions on the basis of intelligent guesswork but in the Mains, logical and fact-based and to the point answer are desirable. In General Studies, if you do not know the answer to a particular question, it is risky to attempt it with guess work or on the basis of wrong information. While selection topics in the Essay Paper, always be careful that it should contain not only factual or informative data but there should also be analytical presentation. During interview, keep in view that no Training institute can improve your personality completely although some of these Institutes provide an avenue to be helpful through well-planned preparation and Group Discussions. During Interview, keep in mind that the members of the Board are more experienced than you; therefore, an attempt of focus your personality is to invite risk.
Whatever you are, keeping faith in yourself, have a balanced view of the questions put to you. Have faith in life and have positive outlook towards various developments; thereby you acquire the moral prop to face difficulties To sum up:- (No mater whether you take only a few steps, Go on your chosen path with positive state of mind, Your destination will reach you automatically: O grumbler with your forethought and planning, You can even change your destiny) you will find that a stone" thrown up with right intent could make a hole in the sky".

Sports

2010-01-10T21:11:00.000+05:30

Dronacharya Award

Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 to honour eminent coaches who have done outstanding and meritorious 'work on consistent basis, to motivate them to dedicate themselves with a singularity of purpose for raising the standards of sportspersons to highest performance in international events and bring glory to the country. The award is given to those who have produced outstanding achievements consistently during three years preceding the Award. Those who have contributed their life time to sports and sports promotion are also considered for this award. During the year 1995-96, this Award was given to Md. Ilyas Babar for his contribution to the discipline of Athletics. Every awardee is given a cash prize of Rs. 75,000/ alongwith a bronze statue of Dronacharya, a scroll, a suit, a blazer and a tie.

List of Dronacharya Award recipients
S.No. Year Name of the Sportsperson(s) Sport Discipline
01 1985 O.M. Nambiar
Athletics

02 1985 Om Prakash Bhardwaj
Boxing

03 1985 Bhalchandra Bhaskar Bhagwat
Wrestling

04 1986 Raghunandan Vasant Gokhle
Chess

05 1986 Desh Prem Azad
Cricket

06 1987 Gurcharan Singh
Cricket

07 1987 Guru Hanuman
Wrestling

08 1990 Ramakant Achrekar
Cricket

09 1990 Syed Naeemuddin
Football

10 1990 A Ramana Rao
Volleyball

11 1994 Ilyas Babar
Athletics

12 1995 Karan Singh
Athletics

13 1995 M. Shyam Sunder Rao
Volleyball

14 1996 Wilson Jones
Billiards & Snooker

15 1996 Pal Singh Sandhu
Weightlifting

16 1997 Joginder Singh Saini
Athletics

17 1998 Bahadur Singh
Athletics

18 1998 Hargobind Singh Sandhu
Athletics

19 1998 G.S.Sandhu
Boxing

20 1999 Kenneth Owen Bosen
Athletics

21 1999 Capt. Hawa Singh
Boxing

22 1999 Ajay Kumar Sirohi
Weightlifting

23 2000 S.M. Arif
Badminton

24 2000 Gudial Singh Bhangu
Hockey

25 2000 Phadke Gopal Pushottam
Kho-Kho

26 2000 Bhupender Dhawan
Powerlifting

27 2000 Hansa Sharma
Weightlifting

28 2001 Prof. Sunny Thomas
Shooting

29 2001 Michael Joseph Ferreira
Billiards & Snooker

30 2002 Renu Kohli
Athletics

31 2002 Jaswant Singh
Athletics

32 2002 M.K. Kaushik
Hockey

33 2002 E. Prasad Rao
Kabaddi

34 2002 Cdr. H.D. Motivala
Yachting

35 2003 Robert Bobby George
Athletics

36 2003 Anup Kumar
Boxing

37 2003 Rajinder Singh
Hockey

38 2003 Sukhchain Singh Cheema
Wrestling

39 2004 Arvind Savur
Billiards & Snooker

40 2004 Sunita Sharma
Cricket

41 2004 Cyrus Poncha
Squash

42 2004 Gurcharan Singh
Boxing

43 2005 Hony. Captain M Venu
Boxing

44 2005 Balwan Singh
Kabaddi

45 2005 Maha Singh Rao
Wrestling

46 2005 Ismail Baig
Rowing

47 2006 R D Singh
Athletics

48 2006 Damodaran Chandralal
Boxing

49 2006 Koneru Ashok
Chess

50 2007 Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Archery

51 2007 Jagdish Singh
Boxing

52 2007 G.E. Sridharan
Volley Ball

53 2007 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling

54 2008 Sanjeeva Kumar Singh
Archery

55 2008 Jagdish Singh
Boxing

56 2008 G E Sridharan
Volleyball

57 2008 Jagminder Singh
Wrestling

58 2009 Pullela Gopichand
Badminton

59 2009 Satpal
Wrestling

60 2009 J. Uday Kumar
Kabaddi

61 2009 Baldev Singh
Hockey

62 2009 Jaidev Bisht
Boxing

The Arjuna awards were instituted in 1961 to recognize outstanding achievement in Indian sports. The award carries a cash prize of Rs 300,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll.
Arjun Awardees in Archery
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Krishna Das

2 1989 Shyam Lal

3 1991 Limba Ram

4 1992 Sanjeev Kumar Singh

5 2005 Tarundeep Rai

6 2005 Dola Banerjee

7 2006 Jayanta Talukdar

8 2009 Mangal Singh Champia

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Athletics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Gurbachan Singh Randhawa

2 1962 Tarlok Singh

3 1963 Stephie D'Souza

4 1964 Makhan Singh

5 1965 Kenneth Powell

6 1966 Ajmer Singh

7 1966 B. S. Barua

8 1967 Praveen Kumar

9 1967 Bhim Singh

10 1968 Joginder Singh

11 1968 Manjit Walia

12 1969 Harnek Singh

13 1970 Mohinder Singh Gill

14 1971 Edward Sequeira

15 1972 Vijay Singh Chauhan

16 1973 Sriram Singh

17 1974 T. C. Yohannan

18 1974 Shivnath Singh

19 1975 Hari Chand

20 1975 V. Anusuya Bai

21 1976 Bahadur Singh Chouhan

22 1976 Geeta Zutshi

23 1978-79 Suresh Babu

24 1978-79 Angel Mary Joseph

25 1979-80 R. Gyanasekaran

26 1980-81 Gopal Saini

27 1981 Sabir Ali

28 1982 Charles Borromeo

29 1982 Chand Ram

30 1982 M. D. Valsamma

31 1983 Suresh Yadav

32 1983 P. T. Usha

33 1984 Raj Kumar

34 1984 Shiny Abraham

35 1985 Raghubir Singh Bal

36 1985 Asha Agarwal

37 1985 Adille Sumariwala

38 1986 Suman Rawat

39 1987 Balwinder Singh

40 1987 Vandana Rao

41 1987 Bagicha Singh

42 1987 Vandana Shanbagh

43 1988 Ashwini Nachappa

44 1989 Mercy Kuttan

45 1990 Deena Ram

46 1992 Bahadur Prasad

47 1993 K. Saramma

48 1994 Rosa Kutty

49 1995 Shakti Singh

50 1995 Jyotirmoyee Sikdar

51 1996 Ajit Bhaduria

52 1996 Padmini Thomas

53 1997 Reeth Abraham

54 1998 Sirichand Ram

55 1998 Neelam Jaswant Singh

56 1998 S. D. Eshan

57 1998 Rachita Mistry

58 1998 Paramjit Singh

59 1999 Gulab Chand

60 1999 Gurmit Kaur

61 1999 Parduman Singh

62 1999 Sunita Rani

63 2000 K. M. Beenamol

64 2000 Yadvendra Vashishta (PH)

65 2000 Vijay Bhalchandra Munishwar - Powerlifting (PH)

66 2000 Joginder Singh Bedi (PH) (For Life time Contribution)

67 2002 Anju Bobby George

68 2002 Saraswati Saha

69 2003 Soma Biswas

70 2003 Madhuri Saxena

71 2004 Anil Kumar

72 2004 J. J. Shobha

73 2004 Devendra Jhajharia (Physically Challenged)

74 2005 Manjit Kaur

75 2005 Rajinder Singh Rahelu (Physically Challenged)

76 2006 K. M. Binu

77 2007 Chitra K. Soman

78 2009 Sinimol Paulose

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Nandu Natekar

2 1962 Meena Shah

3 1965 Dinesh Khanna

4 1967 Suresh Goel

5 1969 Dipu Ghosh

6 1970 D. V. Tambay

7 1971 S. Moorthy

8 1972 Prakash Padukone

9 1974 Raman Ghosh

10 1975 Davinder Ahuja

11 1976 Ami Ghia

12 1977-78 Ms. K.T. Singh

13 1980-81 Syed Modi

14 1982 P. Ganguli

15 1982 Madhumita Bisht

16 1991 Rajeev Bagga

17 2000 Pullela Gopichand

18 1999 George Thomas

19 2003 Madasu Srinivas Rao (Physically Challenged)

20 2004 Abhinn Shyam Gupta

21 2005 Aparna Popat

22 2006 Chetan Anand

23 2006 Rohit Bhakar (Physically Challenged)

24 2008 Anup Sridhar

25 2009 Saina Nehwal

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Ball Badminton
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 J. Pitchyya

2 1972 Ms. J. Srinivasan

3 1973 A. Kareem

4 1975 L.A. Iqbal

5 1976 A. Sam Christ Das

6 1984 D. Rajaraman

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Basketball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Sarbjit Singh

2 1967 Khushi Ram

3 1968 Gurdial Singh

4 1969 Hav. Hari Dutt

5 1970 Gulam Abbas Moontasir

6 1971 Man Mohan Singh

7 1973 S. K. Kataria

8 1974 A.K. Punj

9 1975 Hanuman Singh

10 1977-78 T. Vijayaraghawan

11 1979-80 Om Prakash

12 1982 Ajmer Singh

13 1991 Radhey Shyam

14 1991 Ms. S Sharma

15 1999 Sajjan Singh Cheema

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Billiards & Snooker
No Year Recipient Name
1 2002 Alok Kumar

2 2003 Pankaj Advani

3 2005 Anuja Prakash Thakur

4 1983 Subhash Agarwal

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Boxing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 L. Buddy D' Souza

2 1962 Hav. P. Badadur Mal

3 1966 Hawa Singh

4 1968 Hav. Dennis Swamy

5 1971 Hav. Muniswamy Venu

6 1972 Hav. Chandranarayanan

7 1973 Hav. Mehatab Singh

8 1977-78 B.S. Thapa

9 1978-79 C.C. Machaiah

10 1979-80 B. Singh

11 1980-81 Issac Amaldas

12 1981 Hav. G. Manoharan

13 1982 Hav. Kaur Singh

14 1983 Jas Lal Pradhan

15 1986 Jai Pal Singh

16 1987 Seeva Jayaram

17 1989 Gopal Dewang

18 1991 D.S. Yadav

19 1992 Rajender Prasad

20 1993 Manoj Pingale

21 1993 Mukund Killekar

22 1995 V. Devarajan

23 1996 Raj Kumar Sangwan

24 1998 N.G. Dingko Singh

25 1999 Gurcharan Singh

26 1999 Jitender Kumar

27 2002 Md. Ali Qamar

28 2003 Ms. Mangte Chungneijang Marykom

29 2005 Akhil Kumar

30 2006 Vijender Kumar

31 2008 Verghese Johnson

32 2009 L. Sarita Devi

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Carrom
No Year Recipient Name
1. 1996 A. Maria Irudayam

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Chess
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Manuel Aaron

2 1980-81 Rohini Khadilkar

3 1983 Dibyendu Barua

4 1984 Pravin Thipsay

5 1985 Vishwanathan Anand

6 1987 D. V. Prasad

7 1987 Bhagyashree Thipsay

8 1990 Anupama Gokhale

9 2000 Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi

10 2002 Krishnan Sasikiran

11 2003 Koneru Humpy

12 2005 Surya Shekhar Ganguly

13 2006 Pentyala Harikrishna

14 2008 Dronavalli Harika

15 2009 Tania Sachdev

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cricket

Sachin Tendulkar
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Saleem Durani

2 1964 Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi

3 1965 Vijay Manjrekar

4 1966 Chandu Borde

5 1967 Ajit Wadekar

6 1968 E.A.S. Prasanna

7 1969 Bishan Singh Bedi

8 1970 Dilip Sardesai

9 1971 Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan

10 1972 Eknath Solkar

11 1972 B.S. Chandrashekhar

12 1975 Sunil Gavaskar

13 1976 Shanta Rangaswamy

14 1977-78 Gundappa Vishwanath

15 1979-80 Kapil Dev Nikhanj

16 1980-81 Chetan Chauhan

17 1980-81 Syed Kirmani

18 1981 Dilip Vengsarkar

19 1982 Mohinder Amarnath

20 1983 Diana Edulji

21 1984 Ravi Shastri

22 1985 Shubhangi Kulkarni

23 1986 Mohammad Azharuddin

24 1986 Sandhya Agarwal

25 1989 Madan Lal

26 1993 Manoj Prabhakar

27 1993 Kiran More

28 1994 Sachin Tendulkar

29 1995 Anil Kumble

30 1996 Javagal Srinath

31 1997 Ajay Jadeja

32 1997 Sourav Ganguly

33 1998 Rahul Dravid

34 1998 Nayan Mongia

35 2000 B.K. Venkatesh Prasad

36 2002 Virender Sehwag

37 2003 Harbhajan Singh

38 2003 Mithali Raj

39 2005 Anju Jain

40 2006 Anjum Chopra

41 2009 Gautam Gambhir

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Cycling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1975 Amar Singh

2 1978-79 Ms. M. Mahapatra

3 1983 A.R. Arthna

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Equestrian
No Year Recipient Name
1 1973 Dafadar Khan M. Khan

2 1976 Lt. Col. H.S. Sodhi

3 1982 Maj. R. Singh Brar

4 1982 Raghubir Singh (Equestrian)

5 1984 Capt. G. Mohd. Khan

6 1987 Maj. J.S. Ahluwalia

7 1991 Capt. Adhiraj Singh

8 2003 Capt. Rajesh Pattu

9 2004 Maj. Deep Kumar Ahlawat

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Football
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 P. K. Banerjee

2 1962 Tulsidas Balaram

3 1963 Chuni Goswami

4 1964 Jarnail Singh

5 1965 Arun Lal Ghosh

6 1966 Yusuf Khan

7 1967 Peter Thangaraj

8 1969 Inder Singh

9 1970 Syed Naeemuddin

10 1971 C. P. Singh

11 1973 Magan Singh

12 1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gill

13 1979-80 Prasun Banerjee

14 1980-81 Mohammed Habib
15 1981 Sudhir Karmakar

16 1983 Shanti Mullick

17 1989 S. Bhattacharjee

18 1997 Brahmanand Sankhwalkar

19 1998 Baichung Bhutia

20 2002 I. M. Vijayan

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Golf
No Year Recipient Name
1 1999 Chiranjeev Milkha Singh (Jeev Milkha Singh)

2 2002 Shiv Kapur

3 2004 Jyotinder Singh Randhawa (Jyoti Randhawa)

4 2007 Arjun Atwal

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Gymnastics
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Shyam Lal

2 1975 Montu Debnath

3 1985 Ms. S. Sharma

4 1989 Ms. Krupali Patel

5 2000 Dr. (Ms.) Kalpna Debnath

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Hockey
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Prithipal Singh

2 1961 N. Lumsden

3 1963 Charanjit Singh

4 1964 S. Laxman

5 1965 Udham Singh

6 1965 E. Britto

7 1966 V. J. Peter

8 1966 Sunita Puri

9 1966 Gurbaksh Singh

10 1967 Harbinder Singh

11 1967 Mohinder Lal

12 1968 Balbir Singh Kular

13 1970 Ajit Pal Singh

14 1971 P. Krishnamurthy

15 1972 Michael Kindo

16 1973 M. P. Ganesh

17 1973 O. Mascarenhas

18 1974 Ashok Kumar

19 1974 A. Kaur

20 1975 B. P. Govinda

21 1975 R. Saini

22 1977-78 Capt. Harcharan Singh

23 1977-78 L. L. Fernandes

24 1979-80 Vasudevan Baskaran

25 1979-80 R. B. Mundphan

26 1980-81 Mohammed Shahid

27 1980-81 Eliza Nelson

28 1981 Versha Soni

29 1983 Zafar Iqbal

30 1984 Rajbir Kaur

31 1984 S. Maney

32 1985 Prem Maya Sonir

33 1985 M. M. Somaya

34 1986 J.M. Carvalho

35 1988 M. P. Singh

36 1989 Pargat Singh

37 1990 Jagbir Singh

38 1992 Mervyn Fernandes

39 1994 Jude Felix Sabastain

40 1995 Dhanraj Pillai

41 1995 Mukesh Kumar

42 1996 A. B. Subbaiah

43 1996 Ashish Kumar Ballal

44 1997 Harmik Singh

45 1997 Surinder Singh Sodhi

46 1997 Rajinder Singh

47 1998 S. Surjit Singh

48 1998 Pritam Rani Siwach

49 1998 B. S. Dhillon

50 1998 S. Omana Kumari

51 1998 Mohammed Riaz

52 1998 Baldev Singh

53 1998 Maharaj Krishna Kaushik

54 1999 Balbir Singh Kullar

55 1998 Lt. Col. Haripal Kaushik

56 1998 Ramandeep Singh

57 1998 V. J. Phillips

58 2000 Baljeet Singh Saini

59 2000 Tingonleima Chanu

60 2000 Gp. Capt. R. S. Bhola

61 2000 Balkishan Singh

62 2000 Jalaluddin Rizvi

63 2000 Madhu Yadav

64 2002 Dilip Tirkey

65 2002 Gagan Ajit Singh

66 2002 Mamta Kharab

67 2003 Devesh Chauhan

68 2003 Suraj Lata Devi

69 2004 Deepak Thakur

70 2004 Innocent Helen Mary

71 2005 Viren Rasquinha

72 2006 Jyoti Sunita Kullu

73 2008 Prabhjot Singh

74 2009 Surinder Kaur

75 2009 Ignace Tirkey

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Judo
No Year Recipient Name
1 1992 Sandeep Byala

2 1993 Cawas Billimoria

3 1996 Ms. Poonam Chopra

4 1998 Narender Singh

5 2003 Akram Shah

6 2004 Ms. Angom Anita Chanu

7 2007 Ms. Tombi Devi

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Kabaddi
No Year Recipient Name
1 1998 Ashan Kumar

2 1998 Biswajit Palit

3 1999 Balwinder Singh

4 1999 Tirath Raj

5 2000 C. Homonappa

6 2002 Ram Mehar Singh

7 2003 Sanjeev Kumar

8 2004 Sunder Singh

9 2005 Ramesh Kumar

10 2006 Naveen Gautam

11 2008 Pankaj Navnath Shrisat

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Lawn Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Ramanathan Krishnan

2 1962 Naresh Kumar

3 1966 Jaidip Mukerjea

4 1967 Premjit Lall

5 1974 Vijay Amritraj

6 1978-79 Nirupama Mankad

7 1980-81 Ramesh Krishnan

8 1985 Anand Amritraj

9 1990 Leander Paes

10 1995 Mahesh Bhupathi

11 1996 Gaurav Natekar

12 1997 Asif Ismail

13 2000 Akhtar Ali

14 2004 Sania Mirza

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Rowing
No Year Recipient Name
1 1981 Maj. Parveen Oberoy

2 1984 Capt. M.A. Naik

3 1991 Naib Subedar Dalvir Singh

4 1994 Major R.S. Bhanwala

5 1996 Surender Singh Waldia

6 1999 Jagjit Singh

7 2000 Surender Singh Kanwasi

8 2004 Jenil Krishnan

9 2008 Bajrang lal Thakkar

10 2009 Satish Joshi

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Shooting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Karni Singh

2 1968 Rajyashree Kumari

3 1969 Bhuvaneshwari Kumari

4 1971 Bhim Singh

5 1972 Udyan Chinubhai

6 1978-79 Randhir Singh

7 1981 S. P. Chauhan

8 1983 Mohinder Lal

9 1983 Soma Dutta

10 1985 A. J. Pandit

11 1986 Bhagirath Samai

12 1993 Mansher Singh

13 1994 Jaspal Rana

14 1996 Moraad A. Khan

15 1997 Satendra Kumar

16 1997 Shilpi Singh

17 1998 Manavjit Singh

18 1998 Roopa Unnikrishnan

19 1999 Vivek Singh

20 2000 Anjali Vedpathak Bhagwat

21 2000 Abhinav Bindra

22 2000 Gurbir Singh

23 2002 Anwer Sultan

24 2002 Suma Shirur

25 2003 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore

26 2004 Deepali A. Deshpande

27 2005 Gagan Narang

28 2006 Vijay Kumar

29 2008 Avneet Kaur Sidhu

30 2009 Ronjan Sodhi

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Squash
No Year Recipient Name
1 2006 Sourav Ghosal

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Swimming
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Jam. Bajarangi Prasad

2 1966 Rima Datta

3 1967 Arun Shaw

4 1969 Baidyanath Nath

5 1971 Bhanwar Singh

6 1973 D. (Tingoo) Khatau

7 1974 A.B. Sarang

8 1974 Manjari Bhargava (diving)

9 1975 M.S. Rana

10 1975 Smita Desai

11 1982 Persis Madan

12 1983 Anita Sood

13 1984 Khajan Singh

14 1988 Wilson Cherian

15 1990 Bula Choudhury

16 1996 V. Kutraleeshwaran

17 1998 Bhanu Sachdeva

18 1999 Nisha Millet

19 2000 Sebastian Xavier

20 2000 J. Abhijith

21 2005 Shikha Tandon

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Table Tennis
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 J.C. Vohra

2 1965 G. R. Deewan

3 1966 U. Sundararaj

4 1967 F. R. Khodaiji

5 1969 Mir Kasim Ali

6 1970 G. Jagannath

7 1971 K. F. Khodaiji

8 1973 N. R. Bajaj

9 1976 S. Shailja

10 1979-80 Indu Puri

11 1980-81 Manjit Dua

12 1982 V. Chandrasekhar

13 1985 Kamlesh Mehta

14 1987 Monalisa Barua

15 1989 Niyati Shah

16 1990 M. S. Walia

17 1997 Chetan Baboor

18 1998 Subramaniam Raman

19 2002 Mantu Ghosh

20 2004 Achanta Sharath Kamal

21 2005 Soumyadeep Roy

22 2006 Subhajit Saha

23 2009 Poulomi Ghatak

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Volleyball
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A. Palanisamy

2 1962 Nripjit Singh

3 1972 Balwant Singh "Ballu"

4 1973 G.M. Reddy

5 1974 M.S. Rao

6 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh

7 1975 K.C. Elamma

8 1976 Jimmy George

9 1977-78 A. Raman Rao

10 1978-79 Kutty Krishnan

11 1979-80 S.K. Mishra

12 1982 G.E. Sridharan

13 1983 R.K. Purohit

14 1984 Saley Joseph

15 1986 Cyril C. Vallor

16 1989 Abdul Basith

17 1990 Dalel Singh Ror

18 1991 K. Udaya Kumar

19 1999 Sukhpal Singh

20 2000 P.V. Ramana

21 2002 Ravikant Reddy

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Weightlifting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 A.N. Ghosh

2 1962 L.K. Dass

3 1963 K.E. Rao

4 1965 B.S. Bhatia

5 1966 Mohan Lal Ghosh

6 1967 S. John Gabriel

7 1970 Arun Kumar Dass

8 1971 S.L. Salwan

9 1972 Anil Kumar Mandal

10 1974 S. Vellaiswamy

11 1975 Dalbir Singh

12 1976 K. Balamuruganandam

13 1977-78 M.T. Selvan

14 1978-79 E. Karaunakaran

15 1981 B.K. Satpathy

16 1982 Tara Singh

17 1983 Vispy K. Daroga

18 1985 Mehar Chand Bhaskar

19 1986 Jag Mohan Sapra

20 1987 G. Devan

21 1989 Jyotsna Dutta

22 1990 R. Chandra

23 1990 N. Kunjarani

24 1991 Chhaya Adak

25 1993 Bharati Singh

26 1994 K. Malleswari

27 1997 Paramjit Sharma

28 1997 N. Laxmi

29 1998 Satheesha Rai

30 1999 Dalbir Singh

31 2000 Sanamacha Chanu Thingbaijan

32 2002 Thandava Murthy Muthu

33 2006 Geeta Rani

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Wrestling
No Year Recipient Name
1 1961 Hav. Udey Chanf

2 1962 Malwa

3 1963 G. Andalkar

4 1964 Bishamber Singh

5 1966 Bhim Singh

6 1967 Mukhtiar Singh

7 1969 Master Chandgi Ram (Indian style wrestling)

8 1970 Sudesh Kumar

9 1972 Prem Nath

10 1973 Jagroop Singh

11 1974 Satpal

12 1978-79 Rajinder Singh

13 1980-81 Jagminder Singh

14 1982 Kartar Singh

15 1985 Mahabir Singh

16 1987 Subhash

17 1988 Rajesh Kumar

18 1989 Satywan

19 1990 Ombir Singh

20 1992 Pappu Yadav

21 1993 Ashok Kumar

22 1997 Jagdish Singh

23 1997 Sanjay Kumar

24 1998 Kaka Pawar

25 1998 Rohtas Singh Dahiya

26 1999 Ashok Kumar

27 2000 Randhir Singh

28 2000 Kripa Shakar Patel

29 2000 K.D. Jadhav (Posthumously)

30 2000 Naresh Kumar

31 2002 Palwinder Singh Cheema

32 2002 Sujeet Mann

33 2003 Shokhinder Tomar

34 2004 Anuj Kumar

35 2005 Sushil Kumar

36 2006 Geetika Jakhar

37 2008 Alka Tomar

38 2009 Yogeshwar Dutt

[edit] Arjun Awardees in Yachting
No Year Recipient Name
1 1970 Lt. Cdr. S. J. Contractor

2 1973 Afsar Hussain

3 1978-79 Cdr. S. K. Mongia

4 1981 Zarir Karanjia

5 1982 Farokh Tarapore

6 1982 Fali Unwalla

7 1982 Jeeja Unwalla

8 1986 Lt. Dhruv Bhandari

9 1987 C. S. Pradipak

10 1990 P. K. Garg

11 1993 Cdr. Homi Motiwala

12 1996 Lt. Cdr. Kelly Subbanand Rao (Posthumously)
13 1999 Aashim Mongia

14 2002 Nitin Mongia

15 2009 Girdhari Lal Yadav

Jnanpith Award

2010-01-10T21:01:00.000+05:30

Jnanpith Award

Jnanpith Award (pronounced Gyanpeeth Award) is the highest literary honour presented by the Government of India. The award was instituted in 1961 and the first award was given to the Malayalam writer G Shankara Kurup in 1965. An Indian citizen who writes in any of the official languages of India is eligible for the honour. The award carries a cheque for Rs. 250,000, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi.

Before 1982, the awards were given for a single work by a writer. From 1982, the award is being given for overall contribution to Indian literature. So far Kannada writers have won 7 awards which is the highest for any language. Hindi writers have won 6 awards.

List of Awardees
Year Name Works Language
1965 G Sankara Kurup Odakkuzhal (Flute) Malayalam
1966 Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya Ganadevta Bengali
1967 Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa (Kuvempu)
Sri Ramayana Darshanam Kannada
1967 Umashankar Joshi Nishitha Gujarati
1968 Sumitranandan Pant Chidambara Hindi
1969 Firaq Gorakhpuri Gul-e-Naghma Urdu
1970 Viswanatha Satyanarayana Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu (A resourceful tree:Ramayana) Telugu
1971 Bishnu Dey Smriti Satta Bhavishyat Bengali
1972 Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' Urvashi Hindi
1973 Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre Nakutanti (Naku Thanthi) (Four Strings) Kannada
1973 Gopinath Mohanty Paraja Oriya
1974 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Yayati Marathi
1975 P.V.Akilan Chitttrappavai Tamil
1976 Asha Purna Devi Pratham Pratisruti Bengali
1977 K.Shivaram Karanth Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (Mookajjis dreams) Kannada
1978 Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar (How many times in many boats?) Hindi
1979 Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya Mrityunjay (Immortal) Assamese
1980 S. K. Pottekkatt Oru Desattinte Katha (Story of a land) Malayalam
1981 Amrita Pritam Kagaj te Canvas Punjabi
1982 Mahadevi Varma Yama Hindi
1983 Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar Chikkaveera Rajendra (Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra) Kannada
1984 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Kayar {Coir} Malayalam
1985 Pannalal Patel Maanavi Ni Bhavaai (??????? ????) Gujarati
1986 Sachidananda Rout Roy Oriya
1987 Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) Natsamrat Marathi
1988 Dr.C. Narayana Reddy Vishwambhara Telugu
1989 Qurratulain Hyder Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar Urdu
1990 V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi Kannada
1991 Subhas Mukhopadhyay Bengali
1992 Naresh Mehta Hindi
1993 Sitakant Mahapatra Oriya
1994 U.R. Ananthamurthy Kannada
1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair Randamoozham [second chance} Malayalam
1996 Mahasweta Devi Bengali
1997 Ali Sardar Jafri Urdu
1998 Girish Karnad for his contributions to modern Indian drama[5] Kannada
1999 Nirmal Verma Hindi
1999 Gurdial Singh Punjabi
2000 Indira Goswami Assamese
2001 Rajendra Keshavlal Shah Gujarati
2002 D. Jayakanthan Tamil
2003 Vinda Karandikar Ashtadarshana (poetry) Marathi
2004 Rahman Rahi Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Siyah Rode Jaren Manz Kashmiri [6]
2005 Kunwar Narayan Hindi[3]
2006 Ravindra Kelekar Konkani[3]
2006 Satya Vrat Shastri Sanskrit[4][7]

Gallantry Awards

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The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. It is considered to be India's highest military honor. The second word is pronounced 'Veer'. The name is sometimes abbreviated as PVC. It literally means 'Cross of the Ultimate Brave' (Sanskrit: Param, Ultimate; Vir (Pronounced veer), Brave; Chakra, Wheel or Cross)

Paramvir Chakra

The medal is made of bronze.

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award for officers and other enlisted personnel of all military branches of India for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. It may be awarded posthumously and, indeed, most of the awards have been posthumous.

Provision was made for the award of a bar for second (or subsequent) awards of the Param Vir Chakra. To date, there have been no such awards. Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use P.V.C. as a postnominal abbreviation.

The award also carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of second lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent) and, in some cases, a lump-sum cash award. On the death of the recipient, the pension was transferred to the widow until her death or remarriage. This pension has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. By March 1999, the stipend stood at Rs. 1500 per month. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.

The PVC was established on January 26, 1950, by the President of India, with effect from August 15, 1947, and presently it is the second highest award of the government of India after Bharat Ratna (amendment in the statute on January 26, 1980 resulted in this order of wearing).

The medal was designed by Mrs Savitri Khanolankar (born Eva Yuonne Linda Maday-de-Maros to a Hungarian father and Russian mother) who was married to an Indian Army officer. By sheer coincidence, the first PVC was awarded to her son-in-law Major Som Nath Sharma for his bravery in the Kashmir operations in November 1947. He died while evicting Pakistani raiders from Srinagar Airport. This was when India and newly-formed Pakistan had the first war over the Kashmir issue.

1-3/8 inch, circular bronze medal. In the center, on a raised circle, the state emblem. Surrounding this, four replicas of Indra's Vajra (the all-powerful mythic weapon on the ancient Vedic god of war). The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspension bar. It is named on the edge.

On the rear, around a plain center, two legends separated by lotus flowers. The words Param Vir Chakra are written in Hindi and English.

The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspension bar.

The ribbon which holds the PVC is of 32 mm length and purple in colour. The award carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of second lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent) and, in some cases, a lump-sum cash award. Subedar Major Bana Singh of the 8 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry was the only serving personnel of the Indian defence establishment with a PVC till the Kargil operations.

The medal was designed to symbolise Rishi Dadich who donated his thigh bones to gods for making Vajra and Shiva

Civil Awards

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The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian honor of India.

It was in established January 2, 1954. It follows Bharat Ratna and precedes the Padma Bhushan. It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field, including government service. It was suspended from July 13, 1977 to January 26, 1980.

One recipient is Lata Mangeshkar, granted the medal January 26, 1999.

The Padma Bhushan is a decoration established on the January 2, 1954 by the President of India. It stands third in the hierarchy of civilian awards after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan, but before the Padma Sri. It is awarded to recognize distinguished service of a high order to the nation, in any field.

Padma Shri (variously spelled Padma Shree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India (generally to Indian citizens). It stands fourth in the hierarchy of civilian awards after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. Like the other Padma awards and the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Shri is awarded to recognize distinguished service to the nation, in any field. On its obverse, the words "Padma" and "Shri", in Devanagari, appear above and below the lotus flower. (The word "Padma" means lotus.) The geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished bronze. All embossing is in white gold.

List of Dadasaheb Phalke Awardees

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The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is an annual award given by the Indian government for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. It was instituted in 1969, the birth centenary year of Dadasaheb Phalke, considered the father of Indian cinema.

The award for a particular year is given during the end of the following year along with the National Film Awards.

Year ↓ Winner ↓ Occupation ↓
1969 Devika Rani actress
1970 B. N. Sircar producer
1971 Prithviraj Kapoor actor (posthumous)
1972 Pankaj Mullick composer (music director)
1973 Ruby Myers (Sulochana) actress
1974 Bomireddi Narasimha Reddy director
1975 Dhirendranath Ganguly actor, director
1976 Kanan Devi actress
1977 Nitin Bose cinematographer, director, writer,
1978 Rai Chand Boral composer, director
1979 Sohrab Modi actor, director, producer
1980 Paidi Jairaj actor, director
1981 Naushad Ali composer (music director)
1982 L. V. Prasad actor, director, producer
1983 Durga Khote actress
1984 Satyajit Ray director
1985 V. Shantaram actor, director, producer
1986 B Nagi Reddy producer
1987 Raj Kapoor actor, director
1988 Ashok Kumar actor
1989 Lata Mangeshkar singer
1990 Akkineni Nageswara Rao actor
1991 Bhalji Pendharkar director, producer, writer
1992 Bhupen Hazarika composer (music director)
1993 Majrooh Sultanpuri lyricist
1994 Dilip Kumar actor
1995 Rajkumar actor
1996 Sivaji Ganesan actor
1997 Pradeep lyricist
1998 B.R. Chopra director producer
1999 Hrishikesh Mukherjee director
2000 Asha Bhosle singer
2001 Yash Chopra director, producer
2002 Dev Anand actor, director, producer
2003 Mrinal Sen director
2004 Adoor Gopalakrishnan director
2005 Shyam Benegal director
2006 Tapan Sinha director
2007 Manna Dey singer

Awards

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Bharat Ratna Awards

Dadasaheb Phalke Awards

Civil Awards

Gallantry

Literature

Sports

List Of Bharat Ratna Awardees

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Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award.

The Bharat Ratna is India's supreme decoration and honor, awarded for the highest degrees of national services. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order." Unlike knights, holders of the Bharat Ratna carry no special title, but they do have a place in the order of precedence.

The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered.

The original statutes of January 1954 did not make allowance for posthumous awards (and this perhaps explains why the decoration was never awarded to Mahatma Gandhi), though this provision was added in the January 1955 statute. Subsequently, there have been nine posthumous awards. While there was no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens, this seems to have been the general assumption. There has been one award to a naturalized Indian citizen — Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and two to non-Indians — Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). There has been one instance of the award being withdrawn when in 1992, the award was posthumously given to Subash Chandra Bose but withdrawn later.

Bharat Ratna medallion: An image of the Sun along with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script, on a peepul leaf

Complete list of the Awardees

Name Awarded

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 1954

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) 1954

Dr C.V. Raman (1888-1970) 1954

Dr Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) 1955

Dr Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya (1861-1962) 1955

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 -1964) 1955

Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) 1957

Dr Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) 1958

Dr B. C. Roy (1882-1962) 1961

Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) 1961

Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 1962

Dr Zakir Hussain(1897-1969) 1963

Dr Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) 1963

Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) 1966

Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 1971

V.V. Giri (1894-1980) 1975

K. Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) 1976

Mary Taresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) 1980

Acharya Vinoba Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982) 1983

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) 1987

M.G. Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987) 1988

Dr Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) 1990

Dr Nelson Mandela (b 1918) 1990

Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991) 1991

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) 1991

Morarji Desai (1896-1995) 1991

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) 1992

J.R.D. Tata (1904-1993) 1992

Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) 1992

Subhash Chandra Bose (1897-1945) (later withdrawn) 1992

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b 1931) 1997

Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998) 1997

Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1906-1995) 1997

M.S. Subbulakshmi (1916-2004) 1998

C Subramaniam (1910-2000) 1998

Jayaprakash Narayan (1902-1979) 1998

Ravi Shankar (b 1920) 1999

Amartya Sen (b 1933) 1999

Gopinath Bordoloi (b 1927) 1999

Lata Mangeshkar (b 1929) 2001

Ustad Bismillah Khan (b 1916) 2001

41. Pandit Bhimsen Joshi 2008

General Knowledge/Current Affairs

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General Knowledge

Awards

Inspiring Articles

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Very Useful-Leads to Success

Very Useful-Leads to Success

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Health Tips:
The importance of good health should be understood very clearly. This exam is of very long duration, under severe psychological stress. If suppose you become sick at any stage, you will have to write the exam again and lose out on another year and half. Say, you are not well on the day of the interview, then you cannot put your best and fall back in final ranking. The UPSC will not shift the date of the interview. It is you who will be at loss finally. And, who knows what will happen in the next attempt. So, it is very important to take care of the health throughout the exam preparation period. Remember - Healthy mind in a healthy body.

Please note the following points:
- Get up early in the morning. It is the best time to make the body vibrations in tune with that of the nature’s.
- spend the first few hours in fitness activities. This is not a waste of time, but an investment. It ensures that the whole day is active and focused.
- take care of the water and the food that you eat. Do not eat junk food which will not help in anyway.
- practise jogging everyday
- learn and practise yoga, pranayama and meditation. They will develop the mental fitness, which is most essential in studying for long with concentration, to excel in the exam.

An important dimension in life which is grossly ignored is the breath. A person can live for a few days without food or water, but cannot exist for a few minutes without air. We take unnecessary care about food and water, but ignore the breath. The more oxygen we take the better will be the burning efficiency of carbohydrates in the cells. With more energy, the cells perform to their maximum capacity and the body becomes very active. This is also important to have good focus on whatever we do. However, we use only 25% of the lung capacity. That is the reason why we do not function to our potential. In India, there were ancient techniques which have been developed to increase the capacity of the lungs and to use them to their full potential. They are called the Pranayama techniques.

In fact, the breath can be used to control the emotions in the mind, like using a thread to control the kite. There is a direct relation between the breath and the emotions in the mind. Observe the breath as the emotions change. If you are angry or depressed, the breath is shallow, short and rapid. If you are in a cool and happy serene mood, then observe that the breath is deep and of long duration. Normally, the breath is involuntary and its rhythm depends on the emotions. But through some techniques, you can reverse the process. That is by controlling the rhythm of breath, you can control the emotions in the mind. It is important to learn these techniques since they help a lot in preparation for the exam. You will have to sit and study for long durations throughout the year. Above that there will be lot of pressures both social and psychological. To face them all, it is important to manage the emotions in the mind.

In this context, the ‘Sudarshan Kriya’ taught by the Art of Living Foundation assumes significance. There is a basic course organised in various centres under which the kriya and the pranayama techniques are taught. This is highly recommended for the civil services aspirants. There are also many advanced yoga courses under the foundation. They are also useful for stress management and personality development. There will also be a remarkable improvement in the health. You will become very active and the efficiency and productivity increases.

Marathon/Jogging
There are many similarities between the civils exam and the marathon running. Both require lot of patience, determination, hard work, mental strength and physical stamina. This marathon is a practical way of developing the required capabilities to become successful in the exam. It will help a lot if the aspirant can go to a ground every morning and practice this technique. It will not only keep him physically fit, but also make him mentally tough and prepare him for the psychological stresses during the exam.

Diary Writing
The candidate will be going through a lot of emotionally fragile moments due to the pressure of the exam. These are the real turning points since they determine whether he can handle that pressure or succumb to it. So, in order to manage the stress at that time diary writing is an effective technique. Normally, such moments can be managed well if you can talk to some one with whom you can talk freely without any inhibitions. But since the preparation would be mostly done in isolation, this may not be possible. So, the diary can come to rescue during that period. This is nothing but ventilation therapy which will help you reduce the emotional burden. Another advantage of diary writing is that every day you will have some time for introspection. It can be analyzed how best you utilized that day for your studies and in case it has not been productive, then find out the reasons and eliminate them. In this manner, every day you can be very focused on the exam and tackle effectively all distracting tendencies.

Books and cassettes:
You should make it a habit to read good books and listen to good talks or music. The exam preparation is all about how you make the mind calm so that you can study with full concentration. There will be occasions when you will feel frustrated and depressed. During that phase, you can gain motivation or inspiration from books or talks or music.

Some of the following can prove to be useful:
- Talks by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar of Art of Living, especially the talk on” The Four Pillars of Knowledge”
- The Mind and its control by Swami Buddhananda (Ramakrishna Math)
- Books by Swami Vivekananda
- Life stories of Gandhi, Patel, Nehru, Abdul Kalam, Marie Curie,
- The Alchemist by Paoulo Coelho
- Talks by Swami Ranganatha of Ramakrishna Math
- Carnatic music
- Music by Bismillah Khan, Hari Prasad Chaurasia, etc which are help in calming down a disturbed mind.
- Books on meditation.
- India after Independence by Bipan Chandra

Book Shop:
Most of the books that are required can be obtained from the following shops
Book Square - near Kachiguda cross roads, Near Maheshwari-Parameshwari theatres.
Jawahar Book Depot - Ber Sarai, Near Old JNU, New Delhi. The exact address and phone no. can be obtained from the ads in competition magazines.

Websites:
www.upsc.gov.in
www.persmin.nic.in
www.civilservices.gov.in/lbsnaa/index.jsp

Hobbies:
While filling up the mains application form, there is a column for the hobbies and other interests. It is better to cultivate some hobby rather than leaving it blank. So be prepared for this aspect from the initial stages itself. It helps a lot in the interview if the questions are asked from your interest areas. You can also think of some peculiar hobbies to attract the interviewer. But be careful that you have a genuine interest in that area and do gather good information so as to answer any question.

Some of the hobbies of candidates are:
- reading books
- listening to music, even some specific variety say telugu old songs.
- reading short stories
- Philately and numismatics
- bird watching
- cooking
- conducting alcohol de-addiction camps
- social work
- teaching
-yoga and meditation
- weapon systems
- physical fitness
- world war 2
etc

Ideal Timetable:
Many candidates give their first attempt without even properly chosing the optionals or completing the syllabus. This is a wrong step which will have severe consequences later on. This exam can be cleared in the first attempt itself with focused preparation and Satisfycing approach. Mainly, the thought that the exam requires multiple attempts should be removed from the mind. With right information and proper material, and sustained hard work for an year, there is no reason why someone should not clear the exam.

The preparation with full momentum should start atleast one year before the prelims. Ideally, the preparation should be started in May and by December the mains syllabus should be completed to a large extent. Then from January, prelims preparation should be made, while consolidating the mains knowledge. After the prelims, the preparation should be continued with out any break. The next 5 months will be very crucial and the preparation should be at full momentum. The syllabus in any case should be completed by July. Atleast two months are required for the revisions.

After the mains exam, interview preparation should be started. Simultaneously, prelims preparation should also be made. This is important since the final result will be given only days before next prelims. In case of failure, you should be in a position to give next prelims. So, from the beginning it is better to be prepared for this possiblity.
After the mains result, more focus should be made on interview preparation.

Studying while doing a job:
The exam requires complete devotion for an year. So it will be difficult if some one wants to manage both the job and the exam. Also, it might be difficult to get leaves for various stages of the exam. It is better to make the preparation full-time.

However, if there are any financial problems, then please continue with a job. But be aware that you will have to work harder. So be prepared for tough time. Ensure that you do not waste time on any other activities. There are quite a few who cleared the exam while doing a job.

Whether doing a job or studying post graduation, the only requirement is to get sufficient time for preparing well for the exam. So take a wise decision based on the personal situation and requirements.

How to Study?
The main requirement when you sit for studying is total concentration. Without 100% focus, whatever time you spent on study will only be a waste. You should not do things which will be distracting when studying. The room should also be neat as it has an impact on the mental conditions. So you should always ensure that the situation should be tuned to have a concentrated study. Even what you do when not studying is also quite important. Suppose you go for a movie because of boredom, then after coming back when you sit for studying then there is every possibility of not focusing completely as all the scenes from the movie starts flowing in your thoughts. Thats why its important to ensure that you don’t do distracting things even when you are not studying. If you feel tired, you can go for a walk or listen to some lecture or calm music. So, first requirement for study is the context which you create for youself to have 100% concentration.

Then, you should go very slow while reading trying to understand the core concepts.The technique which can be applied is called SQ3R.

Scan- first scan the material and try to get an awareness about what you are going to read.

Question- Then question the topic intensively in all possible dimensions. The questions should be logical, which will give you the clarity on the subject.

Read- only after above steps, you should start reading the material slowly and with proper understanding. You should try to get the answers for all the logical questions that you raised. Simultaneously, you should prepare notes for the topic.

Remember- You should try to remember the basic logical structure and the important facts. You can use mnemonics to improve memory. You should not try to remember the sentences, but should have a structure in the mind with the key terms. Based on this, you should be able to expand it into an essay. Note that you should be very careful while trying to memorise. You should spend more time in memorising them the first time itself. Do not postpone it, as you will be wasting more time lateron in understanding it again and remembering. While, memorising it ensure that it is memorised in such a way that it can be recollected in the exam hall. The memorising should be done as in a computer, with files and folders system. You should guide the information to be placed in various folders of your brain memory.

Revision- It is not possible for anyone to remember everything that they read. Lot of revision has to be made at regular intervals. In fact before exam, you should be able to do 3-4 revisions. You should try to improve the efficiency of the revision. So the notes should be prepared in such a manner that the revision becomes easy. How to improve efficiency of revision- should be always on your mind.

Using this technique, the study can be made very productive. The hard efforts made can be channelised in the right direction.

How to prepare notes?
The notes has to be prepared for every topic in the syllabus. This aspect is the most crucial stage in the preparation. Finally what you write in the exam only matters. You write only what you remember. You remember only that which you revise just before the exam. Note that you will have to revise some thing like 2000 topics including all the sub-parts in GS and optionals. Therefore your efficiency in revision matters a lot for your performance in the exam. The revision efficiency depends on the notes that you prepare. So you should always be aware of this practical aspect while you prepare notes for the exam.

The notes should not be prepared as if writing a thesis paper. For any topic, you should have a brief synopsis. Do not even use sentences while writing notes. Note down the key terms and the logical structure with side headings. Also note down the figures and diagrams in a simple manner which can be reproduced in the exam within time limit.
For most topics, one or two pages of notes is sufficient. Write them down in a logical framework using different inks, so that your efficiency in revision increases. Finally, when revising just before the exam, you cannot spend more than 5-10 minutes for each topic. So keep that in mind always.

Do not spend days together on any topic. The exam only requires a basic clarity which can be obtained by studying one or two standard books and spending more time on thinking. Usually, 3-4 hrs sufficient for each topic. Just be cautious if you are spending more time on any topic inspite of availability of good material.

Revision:
This a very important for the performance in the exam. The efficiency with which you do revision determines the grip on the subject matter. It should not be postponed till the last phase. As you keep preparing, some time should be spent in revising and consolidating what you read. Otherwise, when you start revision in the end, everything will appear new and lot of time has to be spent in deciphering the notes made. This will be very counter productive and all the hard work will be a waste.

So, revision should also become a part of your everyday schedule. Don’t think it’s a waste of time, since finally you will save a lot and the pressure will also reduce. Therefore, revise what you read next day. Then keep coming back to it at regular intervals.

Finally, before the exam you should keep two months for the revision. It has to be done again and again, as many times as possible.

Be very careful while preparing notes, keeping in view the requirements of the revision.

Where to prepare?
In any complex situation, the right information at the right time plays a very key role. Similarly, for this complex exam, information has a role. So, you should have the information channels throughout the exam preparation period. This will ensure that you are on the right track.

In this context, the place of preparation becomes important. It is better to be close to where many aspirants are preparing. The main places of exam preparation are Hyderabad and Delhi. There will lot of study material and information circulating in these areas. Also, psychologically it is better if you have co-aspirants with whom you can share your experiences and the mistakes.

In case you are not in a position to do so, do not worry. But ensure that you are getting the right information. So try to establish some contacts with persons in those areas.

How to write answers?
Your answer is the medium through which you are communicating with the examiner. Your final marks depend on how best you can convey to the examiner. Otherwise, all you study and hard work is irrelevant. So ensure that you perform the best while presenting the answer.

The important steps are:
- the pen that you use. Please spent some time in identifying the right pen using which your efficiency increases and the written matter looks like a print.
- the hand writing can influence the marks by 5-10%. It is the first impression on the examiner and matters a lot. It not just sufficient to have a mere legible hand writing. This is a problem area for many and quite difficult to change it at this stage. But contact some hand writing experts and make suitable changes in your writing so that it looks better.

- Next the matter that we write in the answer is important. It is about how logically we present the answer.You will have to structure the answer in such a way that it becomes easy for the examiner to identify the various dimensions in the answer.
- concentrate on the introduction and the conclusions.
- underline the important terms that you use.
- make innovations like diagrams etc to impress the examiner and to convey the concept better.
- for analysis type use the paragraph form, while for the factual answers you can use point form. But remember that the examiner is not interested in your memory, but in your analytical and intellectual abilities. So try to include them in your answer.
- you can use different colours for the diagrams.
- for long answers, you can make a brief structure in the end before writing the answer. This will help you in ensuring that all the points are written.

How to remember?
This is the common question before a civils aspirant. There is such a huge syllabus and so many facts to memorize that some times it seems impossible. Anyhow, remembering is some thing that has to be done well for good performance in the exam.

Information is to be stored as done in a computer. You will have to direct the information to store it in your brain system. Do not merely mug and memorise facts. You will have to develop inter linkages based on what you already know.

Do not try to remember unnecessary numerical facts.

Use mnemonics for remembering facts or some points. The popular mnemonic is the VIBGYOR to remember the colours sequence in a rainbow. Prepare similar mnemonics based on innovations. Your real intelligence depends on how efficient you become in this area.

Regular revision is essential to ensure that what you remember stays in your mind till the exam date. So keep a regular revision schedule.

Stress Management:
The civils exam is highly stressful and pressurizing. It is in fact testing the mental strength of the candidate. The administrator in the Indian context has to deal with very complex and testing situations. So the exam structure and the process is aimed at preparing the candidates for the real administration. Therefore, take the process as a learning experience.

The stress cannot be avoided; you will have to learn how to manage stress. There are no hard and fast rules for stress management. It is individual specific and has to be developed on your own based on observation.

Some of the following points may be helpful:

-Stress means a disharmony between the mind and the body. The body is in the present moment while the mind keeps fluctuating. It is either regretting the past, anxious about future or dreaming an imaginary situation. This disharmony between the mind and the body is the main reason for the accumulation of stress. So, it is important to live in the present moment, i.e, concentrate 100% on what you do. In this context, the breath techniques, pranayama and Sudarshan Kriya will help a lot.
- Take deep slow breaths whenever you feel stressed or tensed. Close your eyes and observe the breath. Keep doing this till you feel light and focused.
- Go out for a long walk.
- if you feel agitated in the mind, don’t do things which will aggravate the agitation. For e.g. don’t go to a movie. That will only worsen the situation. The idea is to calm down the mind, so do things which will reduce the agitation. In fact, these are the critical moments which have a major impact on your preparation. So, be very careful during these phases.
- talk to some one with whom you can share your emotions without any inhibition.
- Go out for a marathon running whenever you feel depressed or psychologically low. This very practical method of overcoming emotions. Put all your frustration in running harder and harder. At the end of it, you will feel great mental calmness.
- Meet people who can give you inspiration and motivation.
- Listen to good music or lectures by great people.
- Practice meditation. This is a very effective way of improving the energy flow.

For aspirants in the long term:
There are many school and undergraduates who have the target of joining the civil service. At this stage there is not much to be done for the exam. However they can note the following points:
- build a good academic record
- chose such subjects which will be helpful for the exam later on.
- if interested and if there are good reputed colleges then join the arts courses. However, even if you have to join the professional courses, do not worry. They will act as an alternative, since this exam has fewer vacancies and is often risky. But, do concentrate on your courses and excel in the field.
- Read the newspapers and good magazines like the Frontline regularly. You should have a good awareness of what is going on around you.
- Cultivate a habit of participating in extra-curricular activities especially those involving organizing abilities, GK, quizzes, etc.
- Develop some good hobbies
- Improve your personality traits
- learn to spend lots of time reading books and studying
- you should read the life stories of great people as an inspiration. Also, meet the successful people in various fields.
- listen to good programs on radio and TV.

SOCIOLOGY

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Sociology 2009

Sociology 2008

Sociology 2007

Sociology 2006

Sociology 2005

Sociology 2004

Sociology 2003

Sociology-2009

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Sociology-2008

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Sociology-2007

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1. Printing was first developed in China in

the 6th century and slowly spread to rest of

the world. This is an example of

a. Cultural Diffusion

b. Technological Revolution

c. Cultural Hegemony

d. Globalization

2. Who, among the following, emphasised

that conflict plays a positive role'in

preserving society ?

a. Max Weber

b. Lewis Coser

c. Karl Marx

d. Anthony Giddens

3. The concept of "relative deprivation' has

been widely used in policy discourse on

which one of the following ?

a. Social and cultural rights of minorities

b. Social conflict and harmony

c. Multi-culturalism

d. Poverty and inequality

4. How would you describe the situation

where a group of people rejects the

prevailing values and norms of society and

begins to live differently ?

a. Revolution

b. Deviant group

c. Counter-culture

d. Acculturation

5. Match list-I with list-II and select the

correct answer by using the code given

below the list

List-I (Author)

A. Miller

B. F.Tonnies

C. Sumner

D. C.H. Cooley

List-II (Concept)

1. In-group and out-group

2. Communities and association

3. Primary and secondary group

4. Horizontal and vertical group

Code:

a. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

b. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

c. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

6. Match list-I with list-II and select the

correct answer by using the code given

below the lists

List-I

A. An area of social living marked by

some degree of coherence

B. A large group to which an individual

belongs

C. A functional configuration of culture

pattern

D. A group of people organized one or

more purposes

List-II

1. Institution

2. Community

3. Association

4. Organization

5. Society

Code:

a. A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3

b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

c. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2

d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

7. Match list-I with list-II and select the

correct answer by using the code given

below the lists

List-I

A. The real and ideal culture

B. Social progress is not linear but

divergent

C. Essential will and arbitrary will

D. Law of three stages

List-II

1. E. Tonnies

2. Auguste Comte

3. Ralph Linton

4. H. Spencer

5. C.H. Cooley Code:

a. A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2

b. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-4

c. A-5, B-1, C-2, D-3

d. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

8. The concept of cultural lag explains that

a. changes in material culture are very

slow.

b. changes in non-material culture are

faster than changes in material culture.

c. material culture changes faster than

non-material culture.

d. material and non-material cultures,

more or less change at the same place.

9. The term 'cultural relativism' is often

contrasted with

a. cultural pluralism .

b. ethnocentrism

c. cultural absolutism

d. cultural vacuum

10. Max Weber believed that sociology should

focus on social action and not on structures

because

a. human individuals were capable of

making choices and introducing

changes

b. human beings were action-oriented

c. he wanted to refute Marxist theory of

class

d. human society is always conflictridden

11. According to Irving Goffman, 'Asylum' is

an example of which one of the following

?

a. A social system

b. A hospital

c. A total institution

d. A traditional family

12. According to Robert Merton, people who

reject both the existing values and the

means of achieving them by attempting to

reconstruct a new social system are called

a. Conformists

b. Innovators

c. Ritualists

d. Rebels

13. Consider the following statements

associated with norms and values.

1. Norms are enforced by positive and

negative sanctions.

2. Norms define acceptable behaviour

in specific situations.

3. Norms are not formalized by

translation into laws.

Which of the statements given above are

correct?

a. 1 and 3

b. 2 and 3

c. 1 and 2

d. 1, 2 and 3

14. According to Robert Merton "When there

is an acute disjunction between the cultural

norms and goals, and thestructured

capacities of members of the group to act

in accord with them", it leads to a situation

of

a. Anomie

b. cultural degeneration

c. social mobility

d. structural transformation

15. Theoretically speaking, the concept of

'social systems' in sociology is used by

those who work with

a. critical perspective

b. functionalist perspective

c. marxist perspective

d. phenomenological perspective

16. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I
A. Detachment of the performer from the
role, he or she is performing
B. Individuals play more roles with
incompatible demands
C. Roles do not exist in isolation. Each
role has associated or
complementaryroles
D. Behaviour in a role provides a pattern
upon which another individual bases
his behaviour
List-II
1. Role set
2. Role model
3. Role conflict
4. Role insulation
5. Role distance
Code:
a. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-5
b. A-5, B-3, C-1, D-2
c. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-5
d. A-5, B-1, C-4, D-2
17. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Work)
A. The rules of sociological method
B. The methodology of the social changes
C. The evolution of culture
D. The theory of cultural change
methodology of multilinear evolution
List-II (Scholar)
1. Max Weber
2. White Leslie
3. Julian H. Steward
4. Emile Durkheim
Code:
a. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
b. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
c. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
d. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
18. What are the customary, normal, habitual
ways of doing things by a group, known as
?
a. Mores
b. Folkways
c. Habits
d. Cultural alternatives
19. Who, among the following, made a
distinction between 'retributive laws' and
"restitutive laws' ?
a. Karl Marx
b. Michel Foucault
c. Kingsley Davis
d. Emile Durkheim
20. Children learn the ways of adults,
perpetuating the values, norms and social
practices of their culture. What is this
process called ?
a. Evolution
b. Natural selection
c. Social interaction
d. Socialisation
21. The melting pot theory is based on which
concept ?
a. Assimilation
b. Accommodation
c. Segregation
d. Integration
22. Assertion (A) : The differences among
groups are resolved permanently in
accommodation.
Reason (R) : Accommodation is mainly
an unconscious activity.
Code:
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
23. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I
A. The process of seeking to monopolise
a reward by surpassing all rivals
B. A joint activity in pursuit of common
goals or shared rewards
C. The process of monopolising rewards
by eliminating or weakening die
competitors
D. A process of developing working
agreement between conflicting
individuals or groups
List-II
1. Co-operation
2. Assimilation
3. Accommodation
4. Conflict
5. Competition
a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-5
b. A-5, B-1, C-4, D-3
c. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
d. A-5, B-2, C-1, D-4
24. The Hindu construction of the notion of
marriage, as a sacrament, does not include
in it the notion of equality within marriage
based on ethics of justice. This is evident
by the experiments of many social
reformer to change die form and practice
of marriage itself.
Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Social Reformer)
A. Jotirao Phule
B. Tarabai Shinde
C. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
D. B.R. Ambedkar
List-II (Experiment)
1. Riddles of Hinduism
2. Self-respect Marriages
3. A school for untouchable girls and a
home for upper caste widows
4. Stri-Purush Tulna
Code:
a. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
25. Consider the following forms of
institutional relations
1. Social action
2. Social institutions
3. Community
4. Social relations
Max Weber brought together which of the
above forms for developing a theory of
urban community ?
a. 1, 3 and 4
b. 1,2 and 3
c. 2 and 4
d. 1,2,3 and 4.
26. Who authored Folkways which includes
sex mores, the marriage institution and
incest ?
a. F. Engles
b. William G. Sumner
c. George Murdock
d. B. Cardmon Hardy
27. Which one of the following was used by
Durkheim to explain his theory of
functionalism?
a. Structural principles
b. Organic analogy
c. Psychological facts
d. Evolutionary universals
28. Assertion (A) : Ascribed and achieved
statuses are basically different yet they
interact and may overlap each other.
Reason (R) : At many points, the
boundaries between ascribed and achieved
statuses are indistinct, yet the concepts are
useful.
Code:
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
29. Which one of the following statements is
not correct ?
a. Marriage is a sacrament. This means
that a marriage cannot be dissolved
b. Marriage is a contract. This means that
a marriage can be terminated
c. The notion that 'marriage is
indissoluble' has gradually been eroded
and through legislation, the right of
divorce has been introduced in all legal
systems in India
d. Only among the Muslims, marriage is
a contract and divorce is allowed
30. The social group, in which a person is
born, is referred to as which one of the
following ?
a. The family of socialization
b. The family of procreation
c. The family of recreation
d. The family of orientation
31. The prevalence of arranged marriages in
India is related to
a. the rules of endogamy that confine
marriage alliance within specified
groups
b. the rules of exogamy that disallow
marriage within one's
clan/village/neighbourhood
c. regulations about prescriptive
(allowing) and prescriptive
(prohibiting) nature of rules, guiding
marriage among parallel and crosscousins
d. All of the above
32. Which of the following tribes practice
polygyny?
1. Masai
2. Yoruba
3. Bantu
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. l, 2 and 3
33. Which of the following is the basis of the
system of marriage followed by most parts
of north India ?
a. Village endogamy and gotra exogamy
b. Village exogamy and gotra exogamy
c. Village exogamy and preferential kin
marriage
d. None of the above
34. Marriage with mother's brother's daughter
is a form of which one of the following ?
a. Restricted exchange
b. Direct exchange
c. Discontinuous exchange
d. Generalized exchange
35. Which one of the following pairs of forms
of marriage refers to polygamy ?
a. Monogamy and polygyny
b. Polygyny and polyandry
c. Polyandry and monogamy
d. Monogamy and bigamy
36. In the literature on kinship, the practice of
fraternal polyandry has been associated
particularly with which region of India ?
a. Western Himalayas
b. Central plains region
c. North-Eastem hill region
d. Gangetic plains region
37. The difference between the kotamb and
the matamal among Kashmiri Pandits
refers to the difference between
a. Agnates and non-agnatic cognates
b. Biological and jural relationships
c. Primary and secondary kin
d. Mother's sister's family and mother's
brother's family
38. Which one of the following is the family
unit of Kodavas?
a. Ghar
b. Biradari
c. Chulah
d. Okka
39. The use of the term'Bapu'to describe
Mahatma Gandhi is an example of which
one of the following ?
a. North Indian kinship terminology
b. Fictive kinship
c. Putative kinship
d. Collateral kinship
40. According to the kinship theory, which
one of die following is an example
of'complimentary filiations' ?
a. The relation between mother's brother
and sister's son in a patrilineal descent
system
b. The relation between grandparents and
grandchildren in a system of unilineal
descent
c. The relation between mother and
daughter in a system of matrilineal
descent
d. The use of matrilineal descent for
some purposes andpatrilineal for others
41. Assertion (A) : Exogamy compels a
person to marry outside one's own group.
Reason (R) : Selection of the spouse is
restricted by social norms.
Code:
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
42. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
a. Hypergamy leads to status asymmetry
between affinal groups
b. Hypergamy leads to affinal conflict
c. Hypergamy leads to polygamy
d. Hypergamy leads to polyandry
43. Which one of the following acts first
recognized monogamy as the accepted
form of marriage ?
a. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1935
b. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
c. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1975
d. The Hindu Marriage Act, 2000
44. Kinship has a complex form of
classification based on which of the
following ?
1. Systems of descent
2. Relations of consanguinity
3. Affinal relations
Select the correct answer by using die code
given below
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
45. Why has die functionalist approach to the
study of the institution of family been
criticised by many sociologists ?
1. Functionalist perspective assumes the
middle class families to be the ideal
nuclear families.
2. Functionalist approach does not
consider class, regional and religious
variations in studying the institution of
family.
3. Functionalist view does not explore
alternatives to the family.
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3

46. Who among the following eminent
sociologists on the basis of study of a
particular society predicted that in the
post-world. War II period, there Will be an
isolation, differentiation and specialization
of the nuclear family as a bounded subsystem
of the society ?
a. G.P. Murdock
b. Talcott Parsons
c. W.J. Goode
d. R.D. Laing

47. Which, among the following factors, have
interacted with the family and gave
impetus to the second wave of feminists in
1960s to view the family with scepticism ?
1. Legislation impacting gender,
personal law and international
migration.
2. Increased female labour force
participation.
3. Advances in science, information and
communication technologies.
4. New reproductive technologies.
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 2, 3 and 4
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 3 and 4
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

48. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
Rules of residence after marriage form an
important variable in a kinship system and
thereby substantially affect
a. the human behaviour by which goods
are produced, distributed and
consumed
b. the quality of personal relations within
the kin network
c. the process of inducting kinship in the
political culture
d. the human capacity for symbolic
communication or language
49. The Nayar taravad system was based on
which one of the following ?
a. Neolocal residence patterns
b. Virilocal residence patterns
c. Natolocal residence patterns AV
d. Uxorilocal residence patterns
50. Logical relations exist between residence
rules and descent group structure.
Patrilineal descent systems correlate with
either neolocal or patrivirilocal residence
patterns. Which of the following patterns
of residence do the matrilineal descent
systems correlate with ?
a. Neolocal, patrivirilocal and uxorilocal
only
b. Neolocal, avunculocal and uxorilocal
only
c. Neolocal, patrivirilocal and
avunculocal only
d. Neolocal, patrivirilocal, avunculocal
and uxorilocal
51. Solving a major problem in
conceptualising the term of "descent", who
among the following scholars
distinguished 'descent" from 'inheritance'
and confined the term 'descent* to
'membership of a group only" ?
a. A.I. Richards
b. W.W.R. Rivers
c. M. Fortes
d. J.A. Barnes
52. Consider the following statements
1. The Nuer are patrilineal and the Khasi
are matrilineal
2. The Beduoin are patrilineal and the
Hopi are matrilineal
3. The Garo are matrilineal and the Toda
are patrilineal Which of the statements
given above are correct ?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
53. Double descent or duolineal transmission
of descent group membership involves
which one of the following ?
a. Patrilineal transmission of one set of
attributes and matrilineal transmission
of another set
b. Transmission equally through both
parents
c. Transmission in which descent lines
are sex-specific i.e. men transmit to
their sons and women to their
daughters
d. Transmission in which descent lines
are such that men transmitto their
daughters and women to their sons
54. Consider the following statements
Without taking into account the complete
set of rules and practices governing the
ownership, control and inheritance of
property, it is not possible to fully
understand and study
1. family types.
2. marriage types.
3. marriage prestations.
4. prestations at funeral ceremonies.
5. rules governing divorce settlements.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1, 2 and 5
c. 3, 4 and 5
d. 2, 3 and 4
55. Consider the following statements
1. Primogeniture refers to inheritance by
the first born child.
2. Ultimogeniture refers to inheritance by
the last born child.
3. Primogeniture refers to inheritance by
the most favourite child.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
56. Increased affluence leads industrial
workers to adopt middle class values and
style of life. This process is termed by J.
H. Goldthorpe as which one of the
following ?
a. Bourgeoisation of workers
b. Embourgeoisation of workers
c. Affluent workers
d. Middle class workers
57. Who pointed out that economic behaviour
of individuals in the "market situation" for
exchange of goods and materials through
“price war" helps to segregate classes in
the society ?
a. Max Weber
b. Karl Marx
c. T. Veblen
d. N J. Smelser
58. Which of the following features were
involved among the jatis and families in a
village by the 'Jajmani system', an
important aspect of traditional village life
in India ?
1. Interdependence and reciprocity
2. Co-operation and conflict
3. Dominance and exploitation
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
59. What is the process in which castes placed
lower in the caste hierarchy and seek
upward mobility by emulating the
practices of upper castes ?
a. Kshatriyization
b. Sanskritization
c. Brahmanization
d. Modernisation
60. According to K. Davis and W. Moore,
what does social stratification imply ?
a. Inequality in the political and
economic structure of a society
b. Unequal division of material rewards
and social prestige based on unequal,
functional importance of positions
c. Inequality on the basis of market
situation and life chances
d. Unnecessary division of a society as all
positions of a society are equally,
functionally important
61. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Concept of Caste
Stratification)
A. Opposition of purity and pollution
B. Dominant caste
C. Tribe-caste-peasant continuum
D. Attributional and interactional analysis
of caste
List-II (Scholar)
1. S. Sinha
2. L. Dumont
3. M. Marriott
4. M.N. Srinivas
Code:
a. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
b. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
c. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
d. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
62. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Interpretation)
A. Caste is a closed community
B. Caste is a closed organic stratification
C. Caste is an extreme form of absolutely
rigid class
D. Caste is an expression of hierarchy
rather than stratification
Code:
a. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
b. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
c. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
d. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
63. What is Louis Dumont's view on the
nature of status and power in the caste
system ?
a. Status is subordinate to power
b. Power is subordinate to status
c. Status is subordinate to prestige
d. Power is subordinate to prestige
64. Which one of the following is not an
important source of politicization of castes
in India ?
a. Caste Panchayats
b. Caste journals
c. Caste endogamy
d. Caste associations
65. After examining the impact of
industrialisation on social stratification in
India, who remarked "Caste has been the
Alpha and Omega of Hindu life" ?
a. M.N. Srinivas
b. Max Weber
c. Lipset and Bendix
d. Mayer and Buckley
66. According to Karl Marx, what does
alienation imply ?
a. Dispossession of wealth
b. Dispossession of power
c. Dehumanisation of human being
d. Exploitation of workers
67. Vilfredo Pareto has used which of the
following terms in his theory of the
circulation of elites ?
1. Governing elite
2. Speculators
3. Rentiers
4. Landlords
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 3 and 4
c. 1 and 4
d. 2, 3 and 4
68. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Statement)
A. Human nature is neither originally evil
nor originally good
B. Human beings have gained such a
degree of understanding about the
world that nature is no longer regarded
'mysterious'
C. Human beings are creatures with
unlimited desires
D. Human beings are not born with predeterminate
instinctive traits like other
animals are
List-II (Scholar)
1. Emile Durkheim
2. Karl Marx
3. Talcott Parsons
4. Max Weber
Code:
a. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
b. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
c. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
69. Which one of the following is the type of
society in which ascribed status of an
individual determines a person's social
position ?
a. Industrial society
b. Post-industrial society
c. Pre-industrial society
d. Modern society
70. In which tribal political system, does a
chieftain play an important role in
maintaining social order ?
a. Acephalous
b. Cephalous
c. Bureaucratic
d. Oligarchy
71. What are the agrarian classes in Indian
context according to D. Thorner ?
a. Maalik, kisan and mazdoor
b. Landlord, share-cropping and
agricultural labourer
c. Zamindar, tenant and labourer
d. Jotedar, adhiar and bargadar
72. In the industrial society, the achieved
status is possible because of which one of
the following ?
a. Acculturation
b. Social mobility
c. Role conflict
d. Migration
73. "The Urban Villagers"—a study conducted
by Herbert J. Gans, deals with which one
of the following ?
a. Blacks in America
b. Scandinavians
c. Italian-Americans
d. Yorubas
74. Blacksmithy as work comes under which
one of the following ?
a. Primitive art
b. Guild system
c. Pro-capitalist system
d. Putting-out system
75. Which one of the following is not correct
about Daniel Bell's consideration of postindustrial
society ?
a. An analytical construct
b. A paradigm to identify new axes of
social stratification
c. A picture of specific concrete society
d. A specification of new dimensions in
die social structure

76. Post-industrial society is characterised by
which one of the following ?
a. Increasing goods-producing and
manufacturing economic activities
b. Increasing professional and technical
Services as forms of economic
activities
c. Declining political power of
technocrats and professionals
d. Declining technical bureaucracy
77. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Concept)
A. Human societies evolve from simple,
homogeneous, non-specialized cultures
into complex, heterogeneous,
specialized cultures.
B. Human societies evolve from barbarian
to civilized societies
C. Human societies evolve from animistic
to polytheistic and then to monotheistic
societies
D. Human societies evolve from
communities bound together by
tradition and affection to those
characterized by non-emotional
objectivity
List-II (Thinker)
1. Ferdinand Tonnies
2. Lewis Henry Morgan
3. Herbert Spencer
4. Edward Taylor
Code:
a. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
b. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
c. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
d. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

78. Assertion (A) : Goods and services do not
automatically satisfy social and biological
wants of human beings.
Reason (R) : There has to be some
organised system of behaviour that enables
human beings to create and acquire the
material resources.
Code:
a. Both A and R are individually true and
R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are individually true but
R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
79. Which are the main features of the
controlled (planned) economy in India ?
1. The politics of 'garibi hatao'.
2. Anti-poverty policies like land
reforms.
3. Putting the weight of the state behind
agricultural production.
4. Controlling the economy through
public sector economic units.
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
c. 2 and 4
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
80. Consider the following statements about
economic system of simple societies
1. Larger number of simple societies
practise cultivation of same fields year
after year.
2. Hunting and gathering societies live by
hunting animals only.
3. The buffalo herders of Nilgiri Hills of
Tamil Nadu and sheep and goat
herders of Jammu and Kashmir are
examples of pastoral communities.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
81. Which of the following non-economic
determinants of economic behaviour did
not contribute to the growth of rational
capitalism in west Europe and north
America ?
a. The growth of the bureaucratic
rational-legal state
b. The charismatic ethical prophets/
leader.
c. The growth of transport and
communication
d. The protestant ethics
82. Consider the following statements
In the year 1991, India adopted aeromarket
strategy which means that India
1. liberalised its internal regulatory
framework.
2. reduced tariffs.
3. adopted appropriate exchange rate
policies.
4. allowed foreign investors to play a
significant role in the economy.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 2, 3 and 4
c. 1 and 4
d. 1,2, 3 and 4
83. Which of the following statements reflect
the traits of 'Global Cities' as stated by S.
Sassen ?
1. They are centres of direction and
policy-making for the global economy.
2. They are key locations for financial
and specialised service firms.
3. They are markets on which the
'products ' of financial and service
industries are bought, sold or otherwise
disposed of.
4. They are characterised by a high level
of population density.
Select the correct answer by using the code
given below
a. 1, 3 and 4
b. 2, 3 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 4
d. 1, 2 and 3
84. What are the theorists who believe in the
relative autonomy of the capitalist state,
called ?
a. Instrumentalists
b. Structural neo-Marxists
c. Pluralists
d. Elitists
85. Which group of the following cities were
studied by S. Sassen in 1991 to develop
the concept of global city ?
a. New York, London and Tokyo
b. New York, Paris and Boston
c. London, Milano and Chicago
d. Tokyo, New York and Moscow
86. Match list-I with list-II and select the
correct answer by using the code given
below the lists
List-I (Example)
A. Printing
B. Textile industry
C. Automobile industry
D. Chemical industry
List-II (Technology)
1. Process technology
2. Assembly line technology
3. Machine technology
4. Craft technology
Code:
a. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
b. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
c. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
d. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
87. Consider the following statements about
market exchange
1. Market exchange is a purely economic
model of commercial exchange.
2. Market exchange does not determine
the parties to exchange.
3. Market exchange makes possible the
transfer of goods among known
persons only.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct ?
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
88. Consider the following statements
1. Orthogenetic cities carry forward
native tradition.
2. Cross-cultural contacts are frequently
established in orthogenetic cities.
3. Orthogenetic cities carry forward
primary urbanisation.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct ?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 2 and 3
d. 1 and 3
89. If population in cities increases because of
natural factors, rather than migration, what
is the process known as ?
a. Urbanization
b. Pseudo urbanization
c. Cultural mosaic
d. Internal mobilization
90. According to the data of the census of
India 2001, what is the percentage of
urban population of total population in
India ?
a. Between 22%—25%
b. Between 26%—29%
c. Between 30%—33%
d. Between 34%—36%

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IAS Prelims Sociology 2007

91. In India, for the purpose of countrywide

census, which one of the following factors

is not the criterion for definition of urban

area ?

a. Minimum population

b. Minimum population density

c. Minimum percentage of male working

population engaged in non-agricultural

and allied activities

d. Minimum number of schools per

thousand population

92. Which one of the following is correct

break up (approximately) of the Indian

population ?

a. Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%,

Mongoloid and others 3%

b. Indo-Aryan 66%, Dravidian 24%,

Mongoloid and others 10%

c. Indo-Aryan 50%, Dravidian 40%,

Mongoloid and others 10%

d. Indo-Aryan 38%, Dravidian 57%,

Mongoloid and others 5%

93. In the demographic studies of a

population, "fertility" and "fecundity" rates

are calculated. Which one of the following

shows the correct trend of a population in

normal situation ?

a. Fertility rate is high and fecundity rate

is low

b. Fertility rate and fecundity rate are

equal

c. Fertility rate is low and fecundity rate

is high

d. Both, fertility rate and fecundity rate

are low

94. Consider the following statements

1. The concentric zone model of urban

growth provided early students of

urban sociology with empirical

observations and analyses of urban

growth.

2. The newer metropolis resembles the

concentric zone model less than it does

the multiple nuclei theory.

Which of the statements given above is/are

correct ?

a. 1 only

b. 2 only

c. Both 1 and 2

d. Neither 1 nor 2

95. Many demographers argue that the birth

rate of the economically backward nations

will fall when they are industrialised and

when people improve their standard of

living. This explanation is based on which

one of the following ?

a. Speculative casual analysis

b. History of economically developed

countries

c. Malthusian theory of population

d. Marxian theory of population

96. What is ‘Rural Functional Literacy’

programme?

a. It is a programme of opening new

schools for girls' education

b. It is a sub-programme of the adult

education programme to create

awareness among the learners about

their rights and duties and draw

benefits from various schemes of the

government

c. It is a programme which helps aged in

rural areas to read and write

d. It is a programme for providing

education to the workers engaged in

agriculture, cottage, industry

development

97. According to the data of the Census of

India, 2001; which one among the

following has the highest female literacy

rate ?

a. Delhi

b. Lakshadweep

c. Chandigarh

d. Pondicherry

98. Various components of political

socialisation induct individuals in the

political culture of a society. One is

inculcation of general values and norms

about political behaviour and political

issues. What are the other components ?

1. Induction of individuals into a

particular political party.

2. Imparting the party's ideology and

action programmes to newly recruited

individuals.

3. Socialisation that takes place within

the non-political sub-system of society,

like ethnic, religious, linguistic

associations.

Select the correct answer by using the code

given below

a. 1 and 2

b. 2 and 3

c. 1 and 3

d. 1,2 and 3

99. Religious ideas of which sect of the

protestant were most conducive to

capitalist development ?

a. Baptist

b. Calvinist

c. Anabaptist

d. Pietist

100. Which political system functions with least

interference of pressure groups ?

a. Capitalist

b. Socialist

c. Liberal

d. Oligarchic

101. Elmo Roper listed four incentives to

increase motivation towards works in an

industry. The first three were—security,

advancement and human dignity. What

was the fourth one ?

a. Feeling of belongingness

b. Feeling of identity

c. Feeling of confidence

d. Feeling of usefulness

102. What is the term used for the

transformation of charismatic authority

into combination of traditional and

rational-legal authority ?

a. Charismatic makeover

b. Routinisation of charisma

c. Trade-guild authority

d. Social authority

103. Which one of the following is least

important for political socialization ?

a. Family

b. Neighbourhood

c. Media

d. Trade Union

104. Assertion (A) : The idea of modernisation

has a profound appeal in the developing

countries of the world.

Reason (R) : It is not possible to hold up

modernisation in one sector for a long time

when other sectors are getting modernised,

except at a great strain to the social

system.

Code:

a. Both A and R are individually true and

R is the correct explanation of A.

b. Both A and R are individually true but

R is not the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false.

d. A is false but R is true.

105. Which school of scholars believed that

public sphere is an important arena of

political socialization ?

a. Chicago school

b. Frankfurt school

c. Neoliberal school.

d. Manchester school

106. Which of the following is/are not correct

of pressure groups ?

1. They are political groups.

2. They promote special interests.

3. They contest elections.

4. They influence the distribution of

political power.

Select the correct answer by using the code

given below

a. 2 and 3

b. 1 only

c. 3 only

d. 3 and 4

107. Which of the following is/are the salient

functions of a pressure group in a capitalist

system ?

1. Bargaining for wage

2. To demand better work conditions

3. To demand better employer and

employee relations

Select the correct answer by using the code

given below

a. 1 only

b. 2 and 3

c. 1 and 3

d. 1,2 and 3

108. Who was die author of Democracy in

America which explained the essence-of

American culture and values ?

a. Alexis de Tocqueville

b. Albert K. Cohen

c. R. Clifford Shaw

d. Milton Gordon

109. What does the end-of-ideology theory

refer to ?

a. Loss of workers' dependence on

political ideology

b. Decline in workers' political

participation

c. Workers' disbelief in all ideologies

d. Workers' increasing participation in

party politics and elections

110. Under which plan, a separate sub-plan was

made for tribals to promote Integrated

Tribal Development ?

a. First five year plan

b. Third five year plan

c. Fourth five year plan

d. Fifth five year plan

111. Which Article of the Constitution of India

has a provision, specifying a particular

tribe as a Scheduled Tribe ?

a. Article 342

b. Article 343

c. Article 344

d. Article 345

112. Which Article of the Constitution of India

provides for a National Commission for

scheduled castes ?

a. Article 224

b. Article 324

c. Article 335

d. Article 338

113. Tebhaga movement was organised

primarily for

a. two-third share for die share-croppers

b. higher wages for the agricultural

labourers

c. lower rent for the landlord

d. increase in wages for women labourers

114. Most of the peasant movements addressed

to which problem ?

a. Land redistribution

b. Power struggle by underprivileged

castes

c. Abolition of zamindari and jagirdari

d. All of the above

115. Appiko Movement is predominantly

directed against which one of the

following ?

a. Alcohol consumption

b. Forest degradation

c. Domestic violence

d. Engagement of bonded labour

116. Milton Singer and Mekim Marriott studied

social change in India using which

concept?

a. Westernisation and modernisation

b. Little and great traditions

c. Structure and function

d. Industrialisation and neo-liberal

economics

117. Which of the following criteria was/were

formulated by the Kaka Kalelkar

Commission in 1953 for identifying social

and educationally backward classes ?

1. Low social position in the traditional

caste hierarchy of Hindu society.

2. Lack of general educational

advancement.

3. Lack of representation in government

services.

Select the correct answer by using the code

given below

a. 1 only

b. 1 and3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2 and 3

118. Which one of the following factors is

significant in the deterministic theory of

social change ?

a. Single factor

b. Double factor

c. Multiple factor

d. Inner factor

119. Who, among the following, believes that

'ideas' may independently affect the

direction of social change ?

a. K. Davis

b. Max Weber

c. V. Pareto

d. L.R. Burns

120. Which one of the following statements is

not correct ?

a. Functionalist approach to social

change, as a whole tends to see the

world as a mostly stable place.

b. Many sociologists have criticized

functionalism for its seeming inability

to explain change.

c. Historical materialist approach to

social change enjoys more of a

connection conflict theory and

analyses of power in both social and

economic manifestations.

d. The historical, materialist and

functionalist interpretations are

mutually exculsive.