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Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) | STUDY MATERIAL | BOOK | NOTES | PDF FREE DOWNLOAD | B pharmacy 3rd year - 5th sem

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Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) - STUDY MATERIAL - NOTES PDF | B pharmacy 3rd year - 5th sem

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45 Hours

Scope: Course enables the student to understand and appreciate the influence of pharmaceutical additives and various pharmaceutical dosage forms on the performance of the drug product.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. Know the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their manufacturing techniques.

2. Know various considerations in development of pharmaceutical dosage forms

3. Formulate solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms and evaluate them for their quality

Course content:

3 hours/ week

UNIT-I 07 Hours

Preformulation Studies: Introduction to preformulation, goals and objectives, study of physicochemical characteristics of drug substances.

a. Physical properties: Physical form (crystal & amorphous), particle size, shape, flow properties, solubilityprofile (pKa, pH, partition coefficient), polymorphism

b. Chemical Properties: Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization BCS classification of drugs & its significant

Application of preformulation considerations in the development of solid, liquid oral and parenteral dosage forms and its impact on stability of dosage forms.

UNIT-II 10 Hours

Tablets:

a. Introduction, ideal characteristics of tablets, classification of tablets. Excipients, Formulation of tablets, granulation methods, compression and processing problems. Equipments and tablet tooling.

b. Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials, formulation of coating composition, methods of coating, equipment employed and defects in coating.

c. Quality control tests: In process and finished product tests

Liquid orals: Formulation and manufacturing consideration of syrups and elixirs suspensions and emulsions; Filling and packaging; evaluation of liquid orals official in pharmacopoeia

UNIT-III 08 Hours

Capsules:

a. Hard gelatin capsules: Introduction, Production of hard gelatin capsule shells. size of capsules, Filling, finishing and special techniques of formulation of hard gelatin capsules, manufacturing defects. In process and final product quality control tests for capsules.

b. Soft gelatin capsules: Nature of shell and capsule content, size of capsules,importance of base adsorption and minim/gram factors, production, in process and final product quality control tests. Packing, storage and stability testing of soft gelatin capsules and their applications.

Pellets: Introduction, formulation requirements, pelletization process, equipments for manufacture of pellets

UNIT-IV 10 Hours

Parenteral Products:

a. Definition, types, advantages and limitations. Preformulation factors and essential requirements, vehicles, additives, importance of isotonicity

b. Production procedure, production facilities and controls, aseptic processing

c. Formulation of injections, sterile powders, large volume parenterals and lyophilized products.

d. Containers and closures selection, filling and sealing of ampoules, vials and infusion fluids. Quality control tests of parenteral products.

Ophthalmic Preparations: Introduction, formulation considerations; formulation of eye drops, eye ointments and eye lotions; methods of preparation; labeling, containers; evaluation of ophthalmic preparations

UNIT-V 10 Hours

Cosmetics: Formulation and preparation of the following cosmetic preparations: lipsticks, shampoos, cold cream and vanishing cream, tooth pastes, hair dyes and sunscreens.

Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Definition, propellants, containers, valves, types of aerosol systems; formulation and manufacture of aerosols; Evaluation of aerosols; Quality control and stability studies.

Packaging Materials Science: Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and official requirements for containers, stability aspects of packaging materials, quality control tests.

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Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) UNIT 1

Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) UNIT 2

Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) UNIT3

Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) UNIT4

Industrial Pharmacy I (Theory) UNIT5

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II STUDY MATERIAL - NOTES PDF free download | B pharmacy 3rd year - 5th sem

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MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II STUDY MATERIAL - NOTES PDF free download

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Scope:

This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasizes on structure activity relationships of drugs, importance of physicochemical properties and metabolism of drugs. The syllabus also emphasizes on chemical synthesis of important drugs under each class.

Sallybus :-

UNIT- I :-

Antihistaminic agents:

Histamine, receptors and their distribution in the humanbody H1–antagonists: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride*, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamines cuccinate, Clemastine fumarate, Diphenylphyraline hydrochloride, Tripelenamine hydrochloride, Chlorcyclizine hydrochloride, Meclizine hydrochloride, Buclizine hydrochloride, Chlorpheniramine maleate, Triprolidine hydrochloride*, Phenidamine tartarate, Promethazine hydrochloride*, Trimeprazine tartrate, Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Azatidine maleate, Astemizole, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetrazine Cromolyn sodium

H2-antagonists:

Cimetidine*, Famotidine, Ranitidin. Gastric Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole Anti-neoplastic agents: Alkylating agents: Meclorethamine*, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan Chlorambucil, Busulfan, Thiotepa

Antimetabolites:

Mercaptopurine*, Thioguanine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, Methotrexate*, Azathioprine

Antibiotics:

Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin Plant products: Etoposide, Vinblastin sulphate, Vincristin sulphate

Miscellaneous:

Cisplatin, Mitotane.

UNIT – II

Anti-anginal:

Vasodilators: Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerin*, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, Isosorbide dinitrite*, Dipyridamole.

Calcium channel blockers:

Verapamil, Bepridil hydrochloride, Diltiazem hydrochloride, Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine.

Diuretics:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide.

Thiazides:

Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide,

Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid.

Potassium sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride. Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol

Anti-hypertensive Agents:

Timolol, Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Benazepril hydrochloride, Quinapril hydrochloride, Methyldopate hydrochloride,* Clonidine hydrochloride, Guanethidine monosulphate, Guanabenz acetate, Sodium nitroprusside, Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Reserpine, Hydralazine hydrochloride.

UNIT- III

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs:

Quinidine sulphate, Procainamide hydrochloride, Disopyramide phosphate*, Phenytoin sodium, Lidocaine hydrochloride, Tocainide hydrochloride, Mexiletine hydrochloride, Lorcainide hydrochloride, Amiodarone, Sotalol.

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents:

Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol Coagulant & Anticoagulants: Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin*, Anisindione, clopidogrel

Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure:

Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide, Bosentan, Tezosentan.

UNIT- IV

Drugs acting on Endocrine system

Nomenclature, Stereochemistry and metabolism of steroids

Sex hormones:

Testosterone, Nandralone, Progestrones, Oestriol, Oestradiol, Oestrione, Diethyl stilbestrol.

Drugs for erectile dysfunction:

Sildenafil, Tadalafil.

Oral contraceptives:

Mifepristone, Norgestril, Levonorgestrol

Corticosteroids:

Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone

Thyroid and antithyroid drugs:

L-Thyroxine, L-Thyronine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole.

UNIT – V

Antidiabetic agents:

Insulin and its preparations Sulfonyl ureas: Tolbutamide*, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glimepiride.

Biguanides:

Metformin. Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone. Meglitinides: Repaglinide, Nateglinide.

Glucosidase inhibitors:

Acrabose, Voglibose.

Local Anesthetics:

SAR of Local anesthetics Benzoic Acid derivatives; Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine.

Amino Benzoic acid derivatives:

Benzocaine*, Butamben, Procaine*, Butacaine, Propoxycaine, Tetracaine, Benoxinate.

Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives:

Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine. Miscellaneous: Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine.

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Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry - 1 Notes | books | study material | pdf B pharmacy

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In this article you will get PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I NOTES, BOOKS, Sallybus, STUDY MATERIAL PDF to download free.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1 Sallybus :-

UNIT-I

Introduction to Pharmacognosy:

(a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy.
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture.
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).

Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and sero taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin: Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties. Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants, camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.

UNIT-II

Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin: Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants Conservation of medicinal plants

UNIT-III

Plant tissue culture: Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines

UNIT IV

Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites: Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins.

UNIT V

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following drugs Plant Products: Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens.

Primary metabolites: General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites: Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey Proteins and Enzymes : Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin). Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) : Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax Marine Drugs: Novel medicinal agents from marine sources .

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Pharmacology - 1 notes || books || study material || pdf || b pharmacy

2020-05-02T16:43:00.000+05:30

In this article you will get Pharmacology - 1 (Theory) notes , books , sallybus and all study material pdf download.

Pharmacology - 1 sallybus :-

UNIT-I

1. General Pharmacology
a. Introduction to Pharmacology - Definition, historical landmarks and scope of pharmacology, nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of drug administration, Agonists, antagonists
( competitive and non competitive), spare receptors, addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.

b. Pharmacokinetics - Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination.

UNIT-II

General Pharmacology
a. Pharmacodynamics - Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs and factors modifying drug action.
b. Adverse drug reactions.
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.

UNIT-III

Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system

a. Organization and function of ANS.
b. Neurohumoral transmission,co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e. Local anesthetic agents.
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma

UNIT-IV

Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system.
a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S.special emphasis on importance of various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.
b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram

UNIT-V

Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system.
a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-manics and hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

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PG Course 1) M.Pharm 2) Pharm.D.(PB)

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Physical pharmaceutics - II books - notes - study material pdf - B pharmacy

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In this article you will get Physical pharmaceutics - II notes, books, sallybus and all study material for free.

In this site we will provide you all study materials weather it is pdf notes, pdf books and sallybus.

Physical pharmaceutics - II sallybus :-

UNIT-I

Colloidal dispersions:

Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties.
Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.

UNIT-II

Rheology:
Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers
Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus.

UNIT-III

Coarse dispersion:
Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method.

UNIT-IV

Micromeretics:
Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by different methods, counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.

UNIT-V

Hours Drug stability:
Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate constants, determination of reaction order.
Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention .

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Medicinal Chemistry – I - Books - Notes - Study material - B pharmacy

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In this article you will get "Medicinal Chemistry – I" notes, books and all study material to download free pdf and syllabus.

Medicinal Chemistry – I Sallybus :-

UNIT- I

Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry History and development of medicinal chemistry Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action Ionization, Solubility, Partition Coefficient, Hydrogen bonding, Protein binding, Chelation, Bioisosterism, Optical and Geometrical isomerism.

Drug metabolism Drug metabolism principles- Phase I and Phase II. Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereo chemical aspects.

UNIT- II

Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System Adrenergic Neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine. Adrenergic receptors (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution. Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine, Methyldopa, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol*, Bitolterol, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline. Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Propylhexedrine. Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol. Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin, Dihydroergotamine, Methysergide. Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, Propranolol*, Metibranolol, Atenolol, Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetolol, Carvedilol.

UNIT-III

Cholinergic neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine. Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution. Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of Parasympathomimetic agents Direct acting agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine. Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible & Irreversible): Physostigmine, Neostigmine*, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium chloride, Isofluorphate, Echothiophate iodide, Parathione, Malathion. Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride. Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents Solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: Atropine sulphate, Hyoscyamine sulphate, Scopolamine hydrobromide, Homatropine hydrobromide, Ipratropium bromide*. Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride, Clidinium bromide, Dicyclomine hydrochloride*, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline bromide, Propantheline bromide, Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine citrate, Biperidine hydrochloride, Procyclidine hydrochloride*, Tridihexethyl chloride, Isopropamide iodide, Ethopropazine hydrochloride.

UNIT- IV

Drugs acting on Central Nervous System
A. Sedatives and Hypnotics: Benzodiazepines: SAR of Benzodiazepines, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*, Oxazepam, Chlorazepate, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Zolpidem Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, Barbital*, Phenobarbital, Mephobarbital, Amobarbital, Butabarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital Miscelleneous: Amides & imides: Glutethmide. Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, Ethchlorvynol. Aldehyde & their derivatives: Triclofos sodium, Paraldehyde.
B. Antipsychotics Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines - Promazine hydrochloride, Chlorpromazine hydrochloride*, Triflupromazine, Thioridazine hydrochloride, Piperacetazine hydrochloride, Prochlorperazine maleate, Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene, Loxapine succinate, Clozapine. Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone. Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride. Benzamides: Sulpieride.

C. Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsant action Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital. Hydantoins: Phenytoin*, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin Oxazolidine diones: Trimethadione, Paramethadione Succinimides: Phensuximide, Methsuximide, Ethosuximide* Urea and monoacylureas: Phenacemide, Carbamazepine* Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam Miscellaneous: Primidone, Valproic acid , Gabapentin, Felbamate.

UNIT – V

Drugs acting on Central Nervous System

General anesthetics: Inhalation anesthetics: Halothane*, Methoxyflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane. Ultra short acting barbitutrates: Methohexital sodium*, Thiamylal sodium, Thiopental sodium. Dissociative anesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride.* Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics Morphine and related drugs: SAR of Morphine analogues, Morphine sulphate, Codeine, Meperidine hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride, Loperamide hydrochloride, Fentanyl citrate*, Methadone hydrochloride*, Propoxyphene hydrochloride, Pentazocine, Levorphanol tartarate. Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, Levallorphan tartarate, Naloxone hydrochloride. Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*, Meclofenamate, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen, Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone.

Medicinal chemistry 1 download links are below, click below links to download books, notes and study material.

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Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 3 | Study material | Notes | Books | Pdf | free Download | B pharmacy 4th sem

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Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 3 | Study material | Notes | Books | Pdf | free Download | B pharmacy :-

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In this site we will provide you all study materials weather it is pdf notes, pdf books, and all for below mentioned streams...

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In this article you will get " Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 3 " notes and books all study material related to subject.

Pharmaceutical organic chemistry 3

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Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 3 Sallybus :-

UNIT-I

Stereo isomerism :

Optical isomerism –

Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules

DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature of optical isomers

Reactions of chiral molecules

Racemic modification and resolution of racemic mixture.

Asymmetric synthesis: partial and absolute.

UNIT-II

Geometrical isomerism :

Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis Trans, EZ, Syn Anti systems)

Methods of determination of configuration of geometrical isomers.

Conformational isomerism in Ethane, n-Butane and Cyclohexane.

Stereo isomerism in biphenyl compounds (Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical activity.

Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions.

UNIT-III

Heterocyclic compounds :

Nomenclature and classification

Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene

Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene .

UNIT-IV

Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives

Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole and Thiazole. Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine and Indole.

Basicity of pyridine Synthesis and medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, azepines and their derivatives .

UNIT-V

Reactions of synthetic importance :

Metal hydride reduction (NaBH4 and LiAlH4), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff Kishner reduction.

Oppenauer-oxidation and Dakin reaction. Beckmanns rearrangement and Schmidt rearrangement.

Claisen-Schmidt condensation .

Recommended Books for Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 3 (Latest Editions) :-

1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I & II.

2. A text book of organic chemistry – Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl.

3. Heterocyclic Chemistry by Raj K. Bansal

4. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd

5. Heterocyclic Chemistry by T.L. Gilchrist

Pharmaceutical Engineering Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | pdf | B Pharmacy 3rd sem free download

2020-03-20T12:13:00.000+05:30

Pharmaceutical Engineering Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | pdf |B Pharmacy 3rd sem free download :-

"RGUHS BUDDY" is a ultimate stop or source for all the RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES students.

YOU Will get all streams notes which is offered by rguhs.

In this site we will provide you all study materials weather it is pdf notes, pdf books, and all for below mentioned streams...

MBBS, BDS, Pharmacy

UG Course 1) B.Pharm 2) Pharm.D.

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In this article you will get Pharmaceutical Engineering Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | pdf |B Pharmacy 3rd sem free download related to subject.

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1-PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Theory) notes

2-PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Theory) books

3- PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Theory) study material

Pharmaceutical engineering Sallybus:-

UNIT-I 10 Hours
• Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
• Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
• Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.

UNIT-II 10 Hours

• Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier’s law, Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers.

• Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation, differences between evaporation and other heat process. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of multiple effect evaporator.

• Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation,flash distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation & molecular distillation.

UNIT- III 08 Hours

• Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, measurements & applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.
• Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier.

UNIT-IV 08 Hours

• Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter medias. Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtz filter.
• Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous centrifuge & super centrifuge.

UNIT- V 07 Hours

• Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention: Factors affecting during materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of corrosion, types of corrosion and there prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non metals, basic of material handling systems.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Theory - Study material - Notes - Books free pdf download | B Pharmacy 3rd sem

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1-PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Theory) notes

2-PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Theory) books

3-PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Theory) study material

Pharmaceutical microbiology Sallybus :-

Unit I 10 Hours

Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total & viable count). Study of different types of phase constrast microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microscopy.

Unit II 10 Hours

Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s &Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC).

Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of physical, chemical gaseous,radiation and mechanical method of sterilization.

Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.

Equipments employed in large scale sterilization. Sterility indicators.

Unit III 10 Hours

Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Viruses.

Classification and mode of action of disinfectants Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation.

For bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic. Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.

Unit IV 08 Hours

Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification. Principles and methods of different microbiological assay.

Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids. Assessment of a new antibiotic.

Unit V 07Hours

Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage. Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.

Physical Pharmaceutics I - Theory | Study material | Notes | Books |free pdf | B Pharmacy 3rd sem

2020-03-20T11:37:00.001+05:30

Physical Pharmaceutics I - Theory | Study material | Notes | Books |free pdf | B Pharmacy 3rd sem :-

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1- PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I (Theory) notes

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Physical Pharmaceutics I - Theory Sallybus :-

Scope:

The course deals with the various physica and physicochemical properties, and principles involved in dosage forms/formulations.
Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to get a better insight into various areas of formulation research and development, and stability studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Objectives:

Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to
1. Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage forms
2. Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability testing nad determination of expiry date of formulations
3. Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the formulation development and evaluation of dosage forms.

Course Content:

UNIT-I 10 Hours

Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature and applications. Distribution law, its limitations and applications.

UNIT-II 10Hours

States of Matter and properties of matter:State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols – inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid- crystalline, amorphous & polymorphism. Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications.

UNIT-III 08 Hours

Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid interface.

UNIT-IV 08Hours

Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation, Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.

UNIT-V 07 Hours

pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination (electrometric and calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions.

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II -Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | free pdf | B Pharmacy 3rd sem

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1- PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II (Theory) Notes

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PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II (Theory) 3rd sem Sallybus :-

Scope:

This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of some organic compounds.
Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here.
The syllabus emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions.
Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
1. write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
2. write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
3. account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
4. prepare organic compounds Course Content: General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be explained To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and differences

UNIT I 10 Hours
• Benzene and its derivatives

A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule

B. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.

C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction

D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine

UNIT II 10 Hours

• Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
• Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
• Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important
reactions of benzoic acid.

UNIT III 10 Hours
• Fats and Oils
a. Fatty acids – reactions.
b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination.

UNIT IV 08 Hours
• Polynuclear hydrocarbons:
a. Synthesis, reactions
b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives.

UNIT V 07 Hours
• Cyclo alkanes* Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only

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Pathophysiology – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy 2nd sem free download

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Pathophysiology – Theory syllabus :-

Unit I

• Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation: Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis &Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance
• Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair: Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation,Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s,Mediators of inflammation,Basic principles of wound healing in the skin,Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Unit II

• Cardiovascular System: Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
• Respiratory system:Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
• Renal system:Acute and chronic renal failure .

Unit II

• Haematological Diseases: Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
• Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
• Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
• Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer

Unit IV

• Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease.
• Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout
• Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
• Diseases of bones and joints:Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout
• Principles of Cancer: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer

Unit V

• Infectious diseases:Meningitis,Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis Urinary tract infections
• Sexually transmitted diseases:AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy

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Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I – Theory syllabus :-

UNIT-I

• Classification, nomenclature and isomerism Classification of Organic Compounds Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds

UNIT-II

• Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes* SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2 hybridization in alkenes E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation. Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement

UNIT-III

• Alkyl halides* SN1 and SN2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations. SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
• Alcohols*- Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol

UNIT-IV

• Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones) Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.

UNIT-V

• Carboxylic acids* Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and Acetyl salicylic acid
• Aliphatic amines* - Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine

Biochemistry – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy 2nd sem

2019-09-09T22:34:00.000+05:30

Biochemistry – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy 2nd sem :-

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Biochemistry - Theory syllabus :-

UNIT I

• Biological oxidation Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
• Biomolecules Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. • Bioenergetics Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP

UNIT II

• Carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
• Biological oxidation Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers

UNIT III

• Lipid metabolism β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid).
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid) Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
• Amino acid metabolism General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia) Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.

UNIT IV

• Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease Organization of mammalian genome Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions DNA replication (semi conservative model) Transcription or RNA synthesis Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors.

UNIT V

• Enzymes Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot) Enzyme inhibitors with examples Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions.

Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy - 2nd sem

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Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy - 2nd sem :-

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Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | free PDF | B Pharmacy - 1st sem

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Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – Theory syllabus :-

UNIT I

• Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes

UNIT II

• Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.
• Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
• Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries, Desensitizing agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.

UNIT III

• Gastrointestinal agents Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium
Bicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and Bentonite Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric acid, Hydrogen peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations

UNIT IV

• Miscellaneous compounds Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*. Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium nitrite333 Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum

UNIT V

• Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes - Sodium iodide I131, Storage conditions, precautions & pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

Pharmaceutics I – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | free PDF | B Pharmacy - 1st sem

2019-09-09T18:04:00.001+05:30

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Pharmaceutics I – Theory Sallybus :-

UNIT – I

• Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.

• Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions

• Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and Errors in prescription.

• Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations based on age, body weight and body surface area.

UNIT – II

• Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight.

• Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple & compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions.

• Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques

UNIT – III

• Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and Lotions.
• Biphasic liquids:
• Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications, Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability problems and methods to overcome.
• Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification of type of Emulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to overcome.

UNIT – IV

• Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases, methods of preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of suppositories.
• Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples.

UNIT – V

• Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms

Pharmaceutical Analysis I – Theory | Study material | Notes | Books | B Pharmacy - 1st sem

2019-09-09T17:16:00.001+05:30

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Pharmaceutical Analysis I – Theory syllabus :-

UNIT-I

(a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope

i) Different techniques of analysis

ii) Methods of expressing concentration

iii) Primary and secondary standards.

iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate

(b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and significant figures (c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.

UNIT-II

• Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves

• Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl

UNIT-III

• Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride.

• Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate.

• Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate.

• Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.

UNIT-IV

Redox titrations

(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction

(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications) Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with potassium iodate

UNIT-V

• Electrochemical methods of analysis

• Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.

• Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference (Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and applications.

• Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications

Human Anatomy and Physiology I – Theory | B Pharmacy 1 sem notes, books, study material

2019-09-08T22:21:00.003+05:30

Human Anatomy and Physiology I – Theory | B Pharmacy 1 sem notes, books, study material :-

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Human Anatomy and physiology 1

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B-PHARMACY 1ST SEM:-

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy. Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.

2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.

3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.

4. Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.

5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system Course

Human anatomy and physiology 1

Content:

Unit I 10 hours

• Introduction to human body Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology.

• Cellular level of organization Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling:

a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine

c) Synaptic d) Endocrine • Tissue level of organization Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.

Unit II

• Integumentary system Structure and functions of skin • Skeletal system Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction.

• Joints Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation

Unit III

• Body fluids and blood • Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. • Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system

Unit IV

Peripheral nervous system: Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves. • Special senses Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.

Unit V

• Cardiovascular system Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.

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Course content:

UNIT-II 10 Hours

UNIT-III 08 Hours

UNIT-IV 10 Hours

UNIT-V 10 Hours

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MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II STUDY MATERIAL - NOTES PDF free download | B pharmacy 3rd year - 5th sem

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UNIT- I :-

Antihistaminic agents:

H2-antagonists:

Antimetabolites:

Antibiotics:

UNIT – II

Anti-anginal:

Calcium channel blockers:

Diuretics:

Thiazides:

Anti-hypertensive Agents:

UNIT- III

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs:

Anti-hyperlipidemic agents:

Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure:

UNIT- IV

Drugs acting on Endocrine system

Sex hormones:

Drugs for erectile dysfunction:

Oral contraceptives:

Corticosteroids:

Thyroid and antithyroid drugs:

UNIT – V

Antidiabetic agents:

Biguanides:

Local Anesthetics:

Amino Benzoic acid derivatives:

Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives:

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Human Anatomy and Physiology I – Theory | B Pharmacy 1 sem notes, books, study material

Human Anatomy and Physiology I – Theory | B Pharmacy 1 sem notes, books, study material :-

MBBS BDS Pharmacy UG Course 1) B.Pharm 2) Pharm.D. PG Course 1) M.Pharm 2) Pharm.D.(PB)

MBBS

BDS

Pharmacy

UG Course 1) B.Pharm 2) Pharm.D.

PG Course 1) M.Pharm 2) Pharm.D.(PB)