<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256</id><updated>2024-12-18T19:26:23.799-08:00</updated><title type='text'>&quot;</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>33</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-3170441687427585414</id><published>2012-07-07T06:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T06:50:33.144-07:00</updated><title type='text'>modul 2 &quot;tugas paper bahasa inggris&quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CATATAN PENTING: SILAHKAN DI COPY...TAPI JANGAN 
LANGSUNG DI PASTE AJA..DI EDIT SIKIT ATAU DI TUKAR AJA BEBERAPA BAGIAN 
DARI MODUL KE 1....GAK TANGGUNG JAWAB KALAU HASIL DI KELAS BAKALAN SAMA 
SEMUA PAPER NYA...THX&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MODUL 2 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Reading&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Definition&lt;/div&gt;
For many years, three basic definitions of reading have driven literacy
programs in the United States (Foertsch, 1998). According to the first
definition, learning to read means learning to pronounce words. According to
the second definition, learning to read means learning to identify words and
get their meaning. According to the third definition, learning to read means
learning to bring meaning to a text in order to get meaning from it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Although these definitions reflect long-standing views of reading, current
literacy research supports a more comprehensive definition of reading. This new
definition includes all of the above definitions and places learning skills in
the context of authentic reading and writing activities. It recognizes the
importance of skill instruction as one piece of the reading process (Allington
&amp;amp; Cunningham, 1996; International Reading Association &amp;amp; National
Association for the Education of Young Children, 1998; Maryland State
Department of Education, n.d.; Snow, Burns, &amp;amp; Griffin, 1998). It also
supports &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/timely/britoc.htm&quot;&gt;balanced
reading instruction&lt;/a&gt; for all students (Allington &amp;amp; Cunningham,
1996; Au, 1993; Foertsch, 1998; International Reading Association &amp;amp;
National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1998; Snow, Burns,
&amp;amp; Griffin, 1998). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;The Art of
Reading&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;[W]e can roughly define what we mean by the art of &lt;b&gt;reading&lt;/b&gt; as
follows: the process whereby a mind, with nothing to operate on but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/symbolterm.htm&quot;&gt;symbols&lt;/a&gt; of the
readable matter, and with no help from outside, elevates itself by the power of
its own operations. The mind passes from understanding less to understanding
more. The skilled operations that cause this to happen are the various acts
that constitute the art of reading. . . . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;We have shown that activity is the essence of good reading, and that the
more active reading is, the better it is.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Mortimer Adler and Charles Van Doren, &lt;i&gt;How to Read a Book&lt;/i&gt;. Simon and
Schuster, 1972)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;The P2R Reading
System: &lt;i&gt;Preview, Read Actively, Review&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;You can get more out of the time you spend &lt;b&gt;reading&lt;/b&gt; your textbook
by using an easy, three-step approach.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;The P2R reading/study system is designed for textbooks that are from easy
to average level in difficulty. . . . First, &lt;i&gt;preview&lt;/i&gt; the entire chapter.
Next, &lt;i&gt;read actively&lt;/i&gt; by highlighting or taking notes as you read.
Finally, &lt;i&gt;review&lt;/i&gt; using an active strategy such as reciting, answering
review questions, or writing questions in the margin.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Dianna L. Van Blerkom, &lt;i&gt;Orientation to College Learning&lt;/i&gt;, 6th ed.
Wadsworth Cengage, 2010)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Annotation: A
Strategy for Active Reading&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Annotation is a strategy for active &lt;b&gt;reading&lt;/b&gt; wherein you write the
key information (such as major points, definitions, and examples) in the margins
of your text. You are looking for and marking all the information you will need
to remember from each chapter. Because it gives you a purpose, you&#39;ll find that
annotation helps you concentrate while reading, and it actually helps you learn
from the text.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Sherrie Nist-Olejnik and Jodi Patrick Holschuh, &lt;i&gt;College Rules!: How to
Study, Survive, and Succeed in College&lt;/i&gt;, 3rd ed. Ten Speed Press, 2011)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;The more we
read, the more we are able to read. . . . Every time a reader meets a new word,
something new is likely to be learned about the identification and meaning of
words. Every time a new text is read, something new is likely to be learned
about &lt;b&gt;reading&lt;/b&gt; different kinds of text. Learning to read is not a process
of building up a repertoire of specific skills, which make all kinds of reading
possible. Instead, experience increases the ability to read different kinds of
text.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Frank Smith, &lt;i&gt;Understanding Reading: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading
and Learning&lt;/i&gt;. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;b&gt;Reading&lt;/b&gt;
is a means of thinking with another person&#39;s mind; it forces you to stretch
your own.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Charles Scribner, Jr.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;b&gt;Reading&lt;/b&gt;
maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And
therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer
little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have
much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Francis Bacon, &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/60essays/a/studiesessay.htm&quot;&gt;&quot;Of
Studies,&quot;&lt;/a&gt; 1625)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Four Kinds of
Readers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;There are four kinds of readers. The first is like the hour-glass; and
their &lt;b&gt;reading&lt;/b&gt; being as the sand, it runs in and runs out, and leaves not
a vestige behind. A second is like the sponge, which imbibes everything, and
returns it in nearly the same state, only a little dirtier. A third is like a
jelly-bag, allowing all that is pure to pass away, and retaining only the
refuse and dregs. And the fourth is like the slaves in the diamond mines of
Golconda, who, casting aside all that is worthless, retain only pure
gems.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;b&gt;Active Reading&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;&lt;i&gt;Think&lt;/i&gt; as well as &lt;b&gt;read&lt;/b&gt;, and when you read. Yield not your
minds to the passive impressions which others may make upon them. Hear what
they have to say; but examine it, weigh it, and judge for yourselves. This will
enable you to make a right use of books--to use them as helpers, not as guides
to your understanding; as counselors, not as dictators of what you are to think
and believe.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tryon Edwards)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;5 Techniques for Improving Your
Reading and Studying Skills&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#sq3r&quot;&gt;SQ3R&lt;/a&gt;&quot; A Reading and Study System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Reading a chapter &lt;b&gt;correctly&lt;/b&gt; takes a lot more time than you probably
spend now, but try this SQ3R method for just one class. Slowly add this system
into your other classes too. Be patient and give this method &lt;b&gt;2 weeks&lt;/b&gt; to
make a difference. At first, you&#39;ll spend a lot of time on this. Remember: You
can study a lot of hours over the course of the semester or you can study all
of those hours the week before your final. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Study time rule: 1 hour of class = 2 hours of
study time!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;This reading method will seem slow at first, but
the benefits will soon be clear: You will remember more of what you read, and
you won&#39;t waste time repeating work you&#39;ve already done! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;sq3r&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;SQ3R Means:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#s&quot;&gt;Survey&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#q&quot;&gt;Question&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#r1&quot;&gt;Read&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#r2&quot;&gt;Recite&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#r3&quot;&gt;Review&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;


&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;SURVEY THE CHAPTER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Do not read the chapter yet!
Do these steps first:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Read
     the title - prepare your mind to study the subject.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Read
     the introduction and/or summary - think about how this chapter fits the
     author&#39;s purposes, and focus on the author&#39;s statement of most important
     points.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Quickly
     look over each &lt;b&gt;boldface&lt;/b&gt; heading and subheading - organize your mind
     before you begin to read - build a structure for the thoughts and details
     to come.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Look
     over any graphics, charts, maps, diagrams, etc. They are there to make a
     point - don&#39;t miss them.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Notice
     the reading aids - &lt;i&gt;italics&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;b&gt;boldface&lt;/b&gt; print show that
     something is important&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Also,
     the chapter objective and the end-of-chapter questions are all included to
     help you sort, understand and remember the information.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;


&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;q&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;QUESTION&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Do not read the chapter yet!
Do these steps first:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Create questions from your reading to help your
mind think about the material. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Look at each section at a time and turn the
boldface headings into as many questions as you think will be answered in that
section. The better the questions, the better your understanding will be. You
may always add more questions as you continue. When your mind is actively
searching for answers to questions, it is learning! &lt;b&gt;This is also the best
way to predict test questions - where do you think your teachers think up
questions?!&lt;/b&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Here&#39;s an example: if a heading says &quot;Parts
of the Flower,&quot; you can make a question like: &quot;What are the parts of
a flower?&quot; &quot;Historic People&quot; can be a question like &quot;Name
some historic people.&quot; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Make up as many questions as you possibly can. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;


&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;r1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;READ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Ok, now it is time to read
the chapter, but follow these steps:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;As you read, look for the answers to the
questions you wrote, and write the answers in your &lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/notes.html&quot;&gt;notes&lt;/a&gt;! &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Read each section of the chapter with your
questions in mind. Look for the answers, and take note of questions you &lt;i&gt;didn&#39;t&lt;/i&gt;
think of that were answered in that section. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;


&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;r2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;RECITE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;As you read the chapter, you
should recite your notes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Reciting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;
means practicing &lt;b&gt;out loud&lt;/b&gt; what you’ve written down. Yes, that&#39;s right -
talk to yourself! &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;After each section of reading, stop, think about
your questions, and see if you can answer them from memory. If not, look back
again (as often as necessary) but don&#39;t go on to the next section until you can
say what you have learned! &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;


&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256&quot; name=&quot;r3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;REVIEW&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Spend 15 minutes every day
reviewing your notes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #800040;&quot;&gt;Once you&#39;ve finished the entire chapter using
the steps above, go back over all the questions that you made. See if you can
still answer them. If you cannot, &lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#r1&quot;&gt;read &lt;/a&gt;the
chapter again, being careful to answer your own &lt;a href=&quot;http://english-zone.com/study/readtip.html#q&quot;&gt;questions&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Writing&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Writing&lt;/b&gt; is the representation of language in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_%28literary_theory%29&quot; title=&quot;Text (literary theory)&quot;&gt;textual&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_%28arts%29&quot; title=&quot;Media (arts)&quot;&gt;medium&lt;/a&gt;
through the use of a set of signs or symbols (known as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system&quot; title=&quot;Writing system&quot;&gt;writing
system&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing#cite_note-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; It
is distinguished from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration&quot; title=&quot;Illustration&quot;&gt;illustration&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_drawing&quot; title=&quot;Cave drawing&quot;&gt;cave
drawing&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting&quot; title=&quot;Painting&quot;&gt;painting&lt;/a&gt;, and non-symbolic
preservation of language via non-textual media, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_tape_sound_recording&quot; title=&quot;Magnetic tape sound recording&quot;&gt;magnetic tape audio&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Writing most likely began as a consequence of political expansion in ancient
cultures, which needed reliable means for transmitting information, maintaining
financial accounts, keeping historical records, and similar activities. Around
the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia&quot; title=&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;&gt;Mesopotamia&lt;/a&gt;
outgrew human memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording
and presenting transactions in a permanent form.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Robinson.2C_2003.2C_p._36_1-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing#cite_note-Robinson.2C_2003.2C_p._36-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
In both &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt&quot; title=&quot;Ancient Egypt&quot;&gt;Ancient Egypt&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerica&quot; title=&quot;Mesoamerica&quot;&gt;Mesoamerica&lt;/a&gt;
writing may have evolved through calendrics and a political necessity for
recording historical and environmental events. The oldest known use of writing
in China was in divination in the royal court.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #39837b; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;Techniques
for Writing&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Writing is a way of discovering
ideas as well as a way of expressing them. Therefore, few writers are able to
make their ideas and words work together perfectly on the first try. Most
writers produce several &lt;b&gt;drafts&lt;/b&gt;, or experimental versions, of a piece of
writing before arriving at a final draft. As you write your drafts and move
toward a final one for each of your writing projects, you will be examining
your own thoughts and developing skills for expressing them. Chapter 16 offers
some techniques and tools for use along the way. You will learn to &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;explore topics by freewriting and clustering. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;limit topics and use topic sentences. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;clarify points through the use of examples and specific
     language. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;highlight organization with paragraph breaks and
     transitional words. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;keep your reader with you by writing thesis statements
     and conclusions. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;gain perspective by giving and receiving peer
     responses. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Listening&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Definition of
listening&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;b&gt;[L]istening&lt;/b&gt; does not mean simply
maintaining a polite silence while you are rehearsing in your mind the &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Speech-Rhetoric.htm&quot;&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt;
you are going to make the next time you can grab a conversational opening. Nor
does listening mean waiting alertly for the flaws in the other fellow&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/argmterm.htm&quot;&gt;argument&lt;/a&gt; so
that later you can mow him down. Listening means trying to see the problem the
way the speaker sees it--which means not sympathy, which is &lt;i&gt;feeling for&lt;/i&gt;
him, but empathy, which is &lt;i&gt;experiencing&lt;/i&gt; with him. Listening requires
entering actively and imaginatively into the other fellow&#39;s situation and
trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own. This is not
always an easy task.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;But a good listener does not merely remain silent. He asks questions.
However, these questions must avoid all implications (whether in tone of voice
or in wording) of skepticism or challenge or hostility. They must clearly be
motivated by curiosity about the speaker&#39;s views.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(S.I. Hayakawa, &quot;How to Attend a Conference.&quot; &lt;i&gt;The Use and Misuse
of Language&lt;/i&gt;, ed. by S.I. Hayakawa. Fawcett Premier, 1962)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


Identification&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Listening skills are essential in the workplace,
the family and the community at large. Careers in communications, management,
planning, sales, and fund raising, to name a few, rely on good listening
skills. Listening, however, is more than just being able to hear and understand
what someone else says. Listening skills involve etiquette, asking for
clarification, showing empathy and providing an appropriate response.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


Body Language&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Good listening skills include using body
language that empowers the speaker. You should make eye contact with the
speaker. In a large auditorium or in a classroom, this means keeping your eyes
looking at the speaker, not down or gazing at some daydream. Keep your hands
down, not folded across your chest. Sit up and look alert.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


Respect&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;People who have good listening skills show
respect to the speaker by not interrupting him while he is talking. Even if the
speaker stutters or is slow to speak or select his words, being patient and
restraining yourself from finishing his sentences is a mark of a good listener.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


Comprehension&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Good listening skills depend on good
comprehension. Demonstrate that you understand by restating what you think you
have heard. Then ask if you, in fact, did hear correctly. Ask questions that request
specific clarification on points that you are unsure about. Be cognizant of the
length of time that you speak, making sure not to dominate or usurp the
conversation.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;


Response&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Good listening skills are measured by the
response of the listener. First, the response should validate the speaker with
etiquette and empathy. Next, it should show that the listener understands the
message. When the message has been adequately delivered and received, the
result should be an action or statement that demonstrates that there has been a
transaction between the speaker and the listener.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Top Ten Listening Techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Top Ten Listening Techniques&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Listening seems like a simple process and yet so many of us are more&lt;br /&gt;
eager to talk than to listen. Someone once said we were given two ears&lt;br /&gt;
and one mouth for a reason. What better gift could you give to your&lt;br /&gt;
family, friends, peers and bosses than to&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evancarmichael.com/Business-Coach/107/Establishing-Trust--How-to-Build-Relationships-and-Make-Them-Work-For-You.html&quot;&gt;
listen &lt;/a&gt;to them so that they feel&lt;br /&gt;
really heard? Here are some tips:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Stay present – Don’t let your mind wander. Many are composing a&lt;br /&gt;
response before the speaker has a chance to completely finish his/her&lt;br /&gt;
thought. &lt;br /&gt;
2. Make eye contact – Let the speaker see your interest by regularly&lt;br /&gt;
making eye contact.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Ask questions for&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evancarmichael.com/Business-Coach/107/Ten-Tips-For-Starting-A-New-Job.html&quot;&gt;
clarification &lt;/a&gt;– This is not your time to respond.&lt;br /&gt;
Get really clear about what is being said. If you don’t understand,&lt;br /&gt;
ask questions in an open non-charged manner.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Acknowledge feelings – If the speaker is telling you something about&lt;br /&gt;
his/her feelings, acknowledge them. You don’t have to agree to show&lt;br /&gt;
that you see the speaker is upset or happy about something.&lt;br /&gt;
5. Restate or paraphrase – Make sure you are getting the information&lt;br /&gt;
the speaker is presenting by periodically repeating what you hear in&lt;br /&gt;
different words the speakers. “Let me see if I’ve got it so far?”&lt;br /&gt;
6. Seek first to understand and then to be understood - Before you&lt;br /&gt;
state your thoughts and ideas make sure you totally understand and&lt;br /&gt;
acknowledge the speakers thoughts.&lt;br /&gt;
7. Give nonverbal&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evancarmichael.com/Business-Coach/107/To-Do-Your-Best-Work-and-Have-a-Joyful-Life-Ask-for-What-You-Need.html&quot;&gt;
feedback &lt;/a&gt;- While the speaker is speaking, be sure to&lt;br /&gt;
smile, nod, frown, shrug your shoulders, or raise your eyebrows –&lt;br /&gt;
whatever is appropriate.&lt;br /&gt;
8. Silence – Don’t be afraid of this. Periods of total quiet will&lt;br /&gt;
allow you and the speaker to think about what was said. When you are sure&lt;br /&gt;
the speaker has completed his/her thoughts on the subject it will be&lt;br /&gt;
time for you to comment.&lt;br /&gt;
9. Take in all the information both verbal and nonverbal – Focus on the&lt;br /&gt;
meaning of what is being said and also what is not being said.&lt;br /&gt;
10. Get permission – Sometimes people just want to be heard. At other&lt;br /&gt;
times they are seeking advice. Give advice only when requested and&lt;br /&gt;
only after the person has had a chance to give you the whole story. If&lt;br /&gt;
you are not sure, ask if the person is looking for your input.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/3170441687427585414/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/3170441687427585414?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/3170441687427585414'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/3170441687427585414'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/07/modul-2-tugas-paper-bahasa-inggris.html' title='modul 2 &quot;tugas paper bahasa inggris&quot;'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-8705191922119282856</id><published>2012-07-06T20:13:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T06:50:58.443-07:00</updated><title type='text'>tugas paper bahasa inggris ( modul pertama)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CATATAN PENTING: SILAHKAN DI COPY...TAPI JANGAN LANGSUNG DI PASTE AJA..DI EDIT SIKIT ATAU DI TUKAR AJA BEBERAPA BAGIAN DARI MODUL KE 2....GAK TANGGUNG JAWAB KALAU HASIL DI KELAS BAKALAN SAMA SEMUA PAPER NYA...THX&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;MODUL 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;there are four language skills, and
usually the one that we learn:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Listening&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Speaking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Reading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englishclub.com/writing/language-skills.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Writing&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;writing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
What is writing?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Writing is a method of representing language in visual or
tactile form. Writing systems use sets of symbols to represent the sounds of
speech, and may also have symbols for such things as punctuation and numerals.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Definitions of writing systems&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Here are a number of ways to define writing systems:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a system of more
or less permanent marks used to represent an utterance in such a way that it
can be recovered more or less exactly without the intervention of the utterer.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; From The World&#39;s
Writing Systems &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a set of visible
or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way, with
the purpose of recording messages which can be retrieved by everyone who knows
the language in question and the rules by virtue of which its units are encoded
in the writing system.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; From the The
Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writings Systems &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
All writing systems use visible signs with the exception of
the raised notation systems used by blind and visually impaired people, such as
Braille and Moon. Hence the need to include tactile signs in the above
definition.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
In A History of Writing, Steven Roger Fischer argues that no
one definition of writing can cover all the writing systems that exist and have
ever existed. Instead he states that a &#39;complete writing&#39; system should fullfill
all the following criteria:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;it must have as its purpose communication;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;it must consist of artificial graphic marks on a
durable or electronic surface;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;it must use marks that relate conventionally to
articulate speech (the systematic arrangement of significant vocal sounds) or
electronic programing in such a way that communication is achieved.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Writing systems are both functional, providing a visual way
to represent language, and also symbolic, in that they represent cultures and
peoples. In The writing systems of the world, Florian Coulmas describes them as
follows: As the most visible items of a language, scripts and orthographies are
&#39;emotionally loaded&#39;, indicating as they do group loyalties and identities.
Rather than being mere instruments of a practical nature, they are symbolic
systems of great social significance which may, moreover, have profound effect
on the social structure of a speech community.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.omniglot.com/writing/definition.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.omniglot.com/writing/definition.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;How To Write Right &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Writing is an essential skill upon which all engineers and managers rely.
This article outlines simple design principles for engineering&#39;s predominate
product: paper. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&quot;Sex, romance, thrills, burlesque, satire, bass ... most
enjoyable&quot;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&quot;Here is everything one expects from this author but thricefold and
three times as entertaining as anything he has written before&quot;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&quot;A wonderful tissue of outrageous coincidences and correspondences,
teasing elevations of suspense and delayed climaxes&quot;. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;(reviews of &lt;i&gt;Small World&lt;/i&gt; by David Lodge) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has nothing to do with engineering writing. No engineering report will
ever get such reviews. The most significant point about engineering writing is
that it is totally different from the writing most people were taught - and if
you do not recognize and understand this difference, then your engineering
writing will always miss the mark. However, this article outlines a methodical
approach to writing which will enable anyone to produce great works of
engineering literature. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Why Worry? &lt;/h3&gt;
Writing is the major means of communication within an organisation; paper is
thought to be the major product of professional engineers; some estimate that
up to 30% of work-time is engaged in written communication. Thus it is
absolutely vital for you as a Professional Engineer to actively develop the
skill of writing; not only because of the time involved in writing, but also
because your project&#39;s success may depend upon it. Indeed, since so much of the
communication between you and more senior management occurs in writing, your
whole career may depend upon its quality. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Two Roles &lt;/h3&gt;
In an industrial context, writing has two major roles: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;it
     clarifies - for both writer and reader &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;it
     conveys information &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
It is this deliberate, dual aim which should form the focus for all your
writing activity. &lt;br /&gt;
There are many uses for paper within an organization; some are inefficient -
but the power of paper must not be ignored because of that. In relation to a
project, documentation provides a means to clarify and explain on-going
development, and to plan the next stages. Memoranda are a simple mechanism for
suggestions, instructions, and general organisation. The minutes of a meeting form
a permanent and definitive record. &lt;br /&gt;
Writing is a central part of any design activity. Quality is improved since
writing an explanation of the design, forces the designer to consider and
explore it fully. For instance, the simple procedure of insisting upon written
test-plans forces the designer to address the issue. Designs which work just
&quot;because they do&quot; will fail later; designs whose operation is
explained in writing may also fail, but the repair will be far quicker since
the (documented) design is understood. &lt;br /&gt;
If you are having trouble expressing an idea, write it down; you (and
possibly others) will then understand it. It may take you a long time to
explain something &quot;off the cuff&quot;, but if you have explained it first
to yourself by writing it down - the reader can study your logic not just once
but repeatedly, and the information is efficiently conveyed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Forget the Past &lt;/h3&gt;
Professional writing has very little to do with the composition and
literature learnt at school: the objectives are different, the audience has
different needs, and the rewards in engineering can be far greater. As
engineers, we write for very distinct and restricted purposes, which are best
achieved through simplicity. &lt;br /&gt;
English at school has two distinct foci: the analysis and appreciation of
the great works of literature, and the display of knowledge. It is all a
question of aim. A novel entertains. It forces the reader to want to know: what
happens next. On the other hand, an engineering report is primarily designed to
convey information. The engineer&#39;s job is helped if the report is interesting;
but time is short and the sooner the meat of the document is reached, the
better. The novel would start: &quot;The dog grew ill from howling so
...&quot;; the engineer&#39;s report would start (and probably end): &quot;The
butler killed Sir John with a twelve inch carving knife&quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
In school we are taught to display knowledge. The more information and
argument, the more marks. In industry, it is totally different. Here the wise
engineer must extract only the significant information and support it with only
the minimum-necessary argument. The expertise is used to filter the information
and so to remove inessential noise. The engineer as expert provides the answers
to problems, not an exposition of past and present knowledge: we use our
knowledge to focus upon the important points. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

For the Future &lt;/h3&gt;
When you approach any document, follow this simple procedure: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;Establish
     the AIM &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;Consider
     the READER &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;Devise
     the STRUCTURE &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;DRAFT
     the text &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;EDIT and
     REVISE &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
That is it. For the rest of this article, we will expand upon these points
and explain some techniques to make the document effective and efficient - but
these five stages (all of them) are what you need to remember. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Aim &lt;/h3&gt;
You start with your &lt;i&gt;aim&lt;/i&gt;. Every document must have a single aim - a
specific, &lt;i&gt;specified&lt;/i&gt; reason for being written. If you can not think of
one, do something useful instead; if you can not decide what the document
should achieve, it will not achieve it. &lt;br /&gt;
Once you have established your aim, you must then decide what information is
necessary in achieving that aim. The reader wants to find the outcome of your
thoughts: apply your expertise to the available information, pick out the
very-few facts which are relevant, and state them precisely and concisely. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

The Reader &lt;/h3&gt;
A document tells somebody something. As the writer, you have to decide what
to tell and how best to tell it to the particular audience; you must consider
the reader. &lt;br /&gt;
There are three considerations: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;What
     they already know affects what you can leave out. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;What
     they need to know determines what you include. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;Wha&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
t they want
to know suggests the order and emphasis of your writing. &lt;/div&gt;
For instance, in a products proposal, marketing will want to see the
products differentiation and niche in the market place; finance will be
interested in projected development costs, profit margins and risk analysis;
and R&amp;amp;D will want the technical details of the design. To be most
effective, you may need to produce three different reports for the three different
audiences. &lt;br /&gt;
The key point, however, is that writing is about conveying information - &lt;i&gt;conveying&lt;/i&gt;;
that means it has to get there. Your writing must be right for the reader, or
it will lost on its journey; you must focus upon enabling the reader&#39;s access
to the information. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Structure &lt;/h3&gt;
Writing is very powerful - and for this reason, it can be exploited in
engineering. The power comes from its potential as an efficient and effective
means of communication; the power is derived from order and clarity. Structure
is used to present the information so that it is more accessible to the reader.
&lt;br /&gt;
In all comes down to the problem of the short attention span. You have to
provide the information in small manageable chunks, and to use the structure of
the document to maintain the context. As engineers, this is easy since we are
used to performing hierarchical decomposition of designs - and the same
procedure can be applied to writing a document. &lt;br /&gt;
While still considering the aim and the reader, the document is broken down
into distinct sections which can be written (and &lt;i&gt;read&lt;/i&gt;) separately. These
sections are then each further decomposed into subsections (and
sub-subsections) until you arrive at simple, small units of information - which
are expressed as a paragraph, or a diagram. &lt;br /&gt;
Every paragraph in your document should justify itself; it should serve a
purpose, or be removed. A paragraph should convey a single idea. There should
be a statement of that key idea and (possibly) some of the following: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;a
     development of the idea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;an
     explanation or analogy &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;an
     illustration &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;support
     with evidence &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;contextual
     links to reinforce the structure &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
As engineers, though, you are allowed to avoid words entirely in places;
diagrams are often much better than written text. Whole reports can be written
with them almost exclusively and you should always consider using one in
preference to a paragraph. Not only do diagrams convey some information more
effectively, but often they assist in the analysis and interpretation of the
data. For instance, a pie chart gives a quicker comparison than a list of
numbers; a simple bar chart is far more intelligible than the numbers it
represents. The only problem with diagrams is the writer often places less
effort in their design than their information-content merits - and so some is
lost or obscure. They must be given due care: add &lt;i&gt;informative&lt;/i&gt; labels and
titles, highlight any key entries, remove unnecessary information. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Draft, Revise and Edit &lt;/h3&gt;
When you have decided what to say, to whom you are saying it, and how to
structure it; say it - and then check it for clarity and effectiveness. The
time spent doing this will be far less than the time wasted by other people
struggling with the document otherwise. &lt;br /&gt;
The following are a few points to consider as you wield the red pen over
your newly created opus. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Layout&lt;/h4&gt;
The main difference between written and verbal communication is that the
reader can choose and re-read the various sections, whereas the listener
receives information in the sequence determined by the speaker. Layout should
be used to make the structure plain, and so more effective: it acts as a guide
to the reader. &lt;br /&gt;
Suppose you have three main points to make; do not hide them within simple
text - make them obvious. Make it so that the reader&#39;s eye jumps straight to
them on the page. For instance, the key to effective layout is to use: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;informative
     titles &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;white
     space &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;variety &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Another way to make a point obvious is to &lt;i&gt;use a different font&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Style&lt;/h4&gt;
People in business do not have the time to marvel at your florid turn off
phrase or incessant illiteration. They want to know what the document is about
and (possibly) what it says; there is no real interest in style, except for
ease of access. &lt;br /&gt;
In some articles a summary can be obtained by reading the first sentence of
each paragraph. The remainder of each paragraph is simply an expansion upon, or
explanation of, the initial sentence. In other writing, the topic is given
first in a summary form, and then successively repeated with greater detail
each time. This is the pyramid structure favoured by newspapers. &lt;br /&gt;
A really short and simple document is bound to be read. This has lead to the
&quot;memo culture&quot; in which every communication is condensed to one side
of A4. Longer documents need to justify themselves to their readers&#39; attention.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

The Beginning&lt;/h4&gt;
Let us imagine the reader. Let us call her Ms X. &lt;br /&gt;
Ms X has a lot to do today: she has a meeting tomorrow morning with the
regional VP, a call to make to the German design office, several letters to
dictate concerning safety regulations, and this months process-data has failed
to reach her. She is busy and distracted. You have possibly 20 seconds for your
document to justify itself to her. If by then it has not explained itself and
convinced her that she needs to read it - Ms X will tackle something else. If
Ms X is a good manager, she will insist on a rewrite; if not, the document may
never be read. action). &lt;br /&gt;
Thus the beginning of your document is crucial. It must be obvious to the
reader &lt;i&gt;at once&lt;/i&gt; what the document is about, and why it should be read.
You need to catch the readers attention but with greater subtlety than this
article; few engineering reports can begin with the word sex. &lt;br /&gt;
Unlike a novel, the engineering document must not contain &quot;teasing
elevations of suspense&quot;. Take your &quot;aim&quot;, and either state it or
achieve it by the end of the first paragraph. &lt;br /&gt;
For instance, if you have been evaluating a new software package for
possible purchase then your reports might begin: &quot;Having evaluated the
McBlair Design Suite, I recommend that ...&quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Punctuation&lt;/h4&gt;
Punctuation is used to clarify meaning and to highlight structure. It can
also remove ambiguity: a cross section of customers can be rendered less
frightening simply by adding a hyphen (a cross-section of customers). &lt;br /&gt;
Engineers tend not to punctuate - which deprives us of this simple tool.
Despite what some remember from school, punctuation has simple rules which lead
to elegance and easy interpretation. If you want a summary of punctuation, try &lt;i&gt;The
Concise Oxford Dictionary (1990)&lt;/i&gt;; and if you want a full treatise, complete
with worked examples (of varying degrees of skill), read &lt;i&gt;You Have A Point
There&lt;/i&gt; by Eric Partridge. &lt;br /&gt;
For now, let us look at two uses of two punctuation marks. If you do not
habitually use these already, add them to your repertoire by deliberately
looking for opportunities in your next piece of writing. &lt;br /&gt;
The two most common uses of &lt;i&gt;the Colon&lt;/i&gt; are: &lt;br /&gt;
1) To introduce a list which explains, or provides the information promised
in, the previous clause. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A manager needs two planning
tools: prescience and a prayer. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
2) To separate main clauses where the second is a step
forward from the first: statement to example, statement to explanation, cause
to effect, introduction to main point. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;To err is human: we use computers.
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
The two most common uses of &lt;i&gt;the Semicolon&lt;/i&gt; are: &lt;/div&gt;
1) to unite sentences that are closely associated, complementary or
parallel: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Writing is a skill; one must
practise to improve a skill. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Engineers engineer; accountants account for
the cost. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
2) to act as a stronger comma, either for emphasis or to
establish a hierarchy &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;The report was a masterpiece;
of deception and false promises. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;The teams were Tom, Dick and Harry; and Mandy,
Martha and Mary. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Spelling &lt;/h4&gt;
For some, spelling is a constant problem. In the last analysis, incorrect
speling distracts the reader and detracts from the authority of the author.
Computer spell-checking programmes provide great assistance, especially when
supported by a good dictionary. Chronic spellers should always maintain a
(preferably alphabetical) list of corrected errors, and try to learn new rules
(and exceptions!). For instance (in British English) advice-advise,
device-devise, licence-license, practice-practise each follow the same pattern:
the -ice is a noun, the -ise is a verb. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Simple Errors&lt;/h4&gt;
For important documents, there is nothing better than a good, old-fashioned
proof-read. As an example, the following comes from a national advertising
campaign/quiz run by a famous maker of Champagne: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Question 3: Which Country has
one the Triple Crown the most times? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Won understands the error, but is not impressed by the quality of that
company&#39;s product. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Sentence Length&lt;/h4&gt;
Avoid long sentences. We tend to associate &quot;unit of information&quot;
with &quot;a sentence&quot;. Consequently when reading, we process the
information when we reach the full stop. If the sentence is too long, we lose
the information either because of our limited attention span or because the
information was poorly decomposed to start with and might, perhaps, have been
broken up into smaller, or possibly better punctuated, sentences which would
better have kept the attention of the reader and, by doing so, have reinforced
the original message with greater clarity and simplicity. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Word Length&lt;/h4&gt;
It is inappropriate to utilize verbose and bombastic terminology when a
suitable alternative would be to: keep it simple. Often the long, complex word
will not be understood. Further, if the reader is distracted by the word
itself, then less attention is paid to the meaning or to the information you
wished to convey. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Jargon&lt;/h4&gt;
I believe that a digital human-computer-interface data-entry mechanism
should be called a keyboard; I don&#39;t know why, but I do. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;

Wordiness&lt;/h4&gt;
When one is trying hard to write an impressive document, it is easy to slip
into grandiose formulae: words and phrases which sound significant but which
convey nothing but noise. &lt;br /&gt;
You must exterminate. So: &quot;for the reason that&quot; becomes
&quot;because&quot;; &quot;with regards to&quot; becomes &quot;about&quot;;
&quot;in view of the fact that&quot; becomes &quot;since&quot;; &quot;within a
comparatively short period of time&quot; becomes &quot;soon&quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
Often you can make a sentence &lt;i&gt;sound&lt;/i&gt; more like spoken English simply
be changing the word order and adjusting the verb. So: &quot;if the department
experiences any difficulties in the near future regarding attendance of
meetings&quot; becomes &quot;if staff cannnot attend the next few
meetings&quot;. As a final check, read your document aloud; if it sounds
stilted, change it. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;
Writing is a complex tool, you need to train yourself in its use or a large
proportion of your activity will be grossly inefficient. You must reflect upon
your writing lest it reflects badly upon you. &lt;br /&gt;
If you want one message to take from this article, take this: the writing of
a professional engineer should be clear, complete and concise. If your document
satisfies these three criteria, then it deserves to be read. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;

by Gerard M Blair http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art4.html&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
reading&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Reading&lt;/b&gt; is a complex &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_process&quot; title=&quot;Cognitive process&quot;&gt;cognitive
process&lt;/a&gt; of decoding &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols&quot; title=&quot;Symbols&quot;&gt;symbols&lt;/a&gt; in order to construct
or derive meaning (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension&quot; title=&quot;Reading comprehension&quot;&gt;reading comprehension&lt;/a&gt;). It is
a means of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition&quot; title=&quot;Language acquisition&quot;&gt;language acquisition&lt;/a&gt;, of
communication, and of sharing &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information&quot; title=&quot;Information&quot;&gt;information&lt;/a&gt; and ideas. Like
all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which
is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language
community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process
requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.&lt;br /&gt;
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to
translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech&quot; title=&quot;Speech&quot;&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt;) and
comprehension. Readers may use &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme&quot; title=&quot;Morpheme&quot;&gt;morpheme&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics&quot; title=&quot;Semantics&quot;&gt;semantics&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax&quot; title=&quot;Syntax&quot;&gt;syntax&lt;/a&gt;
and context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate
the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schemata_theory&quot; title=&quot;Schemata theory&quot;&gt;schemata
theory&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
Other types of reading are not speech based &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system&quot; title=&quot;Writing system&quot;&gt;writing
systems&lt;/a&gt;, such as music &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation&quot; title=&quot;Musical notation&quot;&gt;notation&lt;/a&gt;
or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictograms&quot; title=&quot;Pictograms&quot;&gt;pictograms&lt;/a&gt;.
The common link is the interpretation of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols&quot; title=&quot;Symbols&quot;&gt;symbols&lt;/a&gt;
to extract the meaning from the visual notations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Reading
skill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100.0%;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 7.0%;&quot; width=&quot;7%&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 93.0%;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;93%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Reading is the receptive skill in
  the written mode. It can develop independently of listening and speaking
  skills, but often develops along with them, especially in societies with a
  highly-developed literary tradition. Reading can help build vocabulary that
  helps listening comprehension at the later stages, particularly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100.0%;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Micro-skills&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 7.0%;&quot; width=&quot;7%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 93.0%;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;93%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Here are some of the micro-skills
  involved in reading. The reader has to:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 7.0%;&quot; width=&quot;7%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; width: 93.0%;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;93%&quot;&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;decipher the script. In an
       alphabetic system or a syllabary, this means establishing a relationship
       between sounds and symbols. In a pictograph system, it means associating
       the meaning of the words with written symbols.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;recognize vocabulary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;pick out key words, such as
       those identifying topics and main ideas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;figure out the meaning of the
       words, including unfamiliar vocabulary, from the (written) context.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;recognize grammatical word
       classes: noun, adjective, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;detect sentence constituents,
       such as subject, verb, object, prepositions, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;recognize basic syntactic
       patterns.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;reconstruct and infer
       situations, goals and participants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;use both knowledge of the
       world and lexical and grammatical cohesive devices to make the foregoing
       inferences, predict outcomes, and infer links and connections among the
       parts of the text.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;get the main point or the
       most important information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;distinguish the main idea
       from supporting details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;adjust reading strategies to
       different reading purposes, such as skimming for main ideas or studying
       in-depth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy&quot; title=&quot;Literacy&quot;&gt;Literacy&lt;/a&gt;
is the ability to use the symbols of a writing system. To be able to interpret
the information symbols represent, and to be able to re-create those same
symbols so that others can derive the same meaning. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illiteracy&quot; title=&quot;Illiteracy&quot;&gt;Illiteracy&lt;/a&gt;
is not having the ability to derive meaning from the symbols used in a writing
system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia&quot; title=&quot;Dyslexia&quot;&gt;Dyslexia&lt;/a&gt;
refers to a cognitive difficulty with reading and writing. It is defined as
brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person&#39;s
ability to read.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-nih_3-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-nih-3&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
The term dyslexia can refer to two disorders: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia&quot; title=&quot;Dyslexia&quot;&gt;developmental
dyslexia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Heim_4-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Heim-4&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-5&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-anchoring-6&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Chung_KK-7&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
which is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability&quot; title=&quot;Learning disability&quot;&gt;learning disability&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexia_%28acquired_dyslexia%29&quot; title=&quot;Alexia (acquired dyslexia)&quot;&gt;alexia (acquired dyslexia)&lt;/a&gt;
refers to reading difficulties that occur following &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage&quot; title=&quot;Brain damage&quot;&gt;brain
damage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke&quot; title=&quot;Stroke&quot;&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;,
or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia&quot; title=&quot;Dementia&quot;&gt;progressive
illness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-8&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-8&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-9&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Major predictors of an individual&#39;s ability to read both alphabetic and
nonalphabetic scripts are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_awareness&quot; title=&quot;Phonological awareness&quot;&gt;phonological awareness&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_automatized_naming&quot; title=&quot;Rapid automatized naming&quot;&gt;rapid automatized naming&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_IQ&quot; title=&quot;Verbal IQ&quot;&gt;verbal
IQ&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-10&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-10&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

&lt;span id=&quot;Skill_development&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Skill development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
Both the Lexical and the Sub-lexical cognitive processes contribute to how
we learn to read.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Sub-lexical reading&lt;/div&gt;
Sub-lexical reading,&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Neural_Representations_11-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Neural_Representations-11&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Ventral_and_Dorsal_Streams-12&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Changes_Reading_Strategies-13&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Chinese_Ventral_and_Dorsal_Streams-14&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
involves teaching reading by associating characters or groups of characters
with sounds or by using &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics&quot; title=&quot;Phonics&quot;&gt;Phonics&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_phonics&quot; title=&quot;Synthetic phonics&quot;&gt;Synthetic
phonics&lt;/a&gt; learning and teaching methodology. Sometimes argued to be in
competition with whole language methods.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Lexical reading&lt;/div&gt;
Lexical reading&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Neural_Representations_11-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Neural_Representations-11&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Ventral_and_Dorsal_Streams-12&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Changes_Reading_Strategies-13&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-Chinese_Ventral_and_Dorsal_Streams-14&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
involves acquiring words or phrases without attention to the characters or
groups of characters that compose them or by using &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_language&quot; title=&quot;Whole language&quot;&gt;Whole
language&lt;/a&gt; learning and teaching methodology. Sometimes argued to be
in competition with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics&quot; title=&quot;Phonics&quot;&gt;Phonics&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_phonics&quot; title=&quot;Synthetic phonics&quot;&gt;Synthetic
phonics&lt;/a&gt; methods, and that the whole language approach tends to
impair learning how to spell.&lt;br /&gt;
Other methods of teaching and learning to read have developed, and become
somewhat controversial.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-15&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-15&quot;&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Learning to read in a second language, especially in adulthood, may be a
different process than learning to read a native language in childhood. There
are cases of very young children learning to read without having been taught.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-16&quot;&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
Such was the case with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman_Capote&quot; title=&quot;Truman Capote&quot;&gt;Truman Capote&lt;/a&gt; who reportedly
taught himself to read and write at the age of five. There are also accounts of
people who taught themselves to read by comparing street signs or Biblical
passages to speech. The novelist &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Delbanco&quot; title=&quot;Nicholas Delbanco&quot;&gt;Nicholas
Delbanco&lt;/a&gt; taught himself to read at age six during a transatlantic
crossing by studying a book about boats.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2010&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Brain activity in young and older children can be used to predict future
reading skill. Cross model mapping between the orthographic and phonologic
areas in the brain are critical in reading. Thus, the amount of activation in
the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus while performing reading tasks can be
used to predict later reading ability and advancement. Young children with
higher phonological word characteristic processing have significantly better
reading skills later on than older children who focus on whole-word
orthographic representation.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-17&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29#cite_note-17&quot;&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Listening&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&quot;&lt;b&gt;[L]istening&lt;/b&gt; does not mean simply maintaining a
polite silence while you are rehearsing in your mind the &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Speech-Rhetoric.htm&quot;&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt; you are
going to make the next time you can grab a conversational opening. Nor does
listening mean waiting alertly for the flaws in the other fellow&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/argmterm.htm&quot;&gt;argument&lt;/a&gt; so that later
you can mow him down. Listening means trying to see the problem the way the
speaker sees it--which means not sympathy, which is &lt;i&gt;feeling for&lt;/i&gt; him, but
empathy, which is &lt;i&gt;experiencing&lt;/i&gt; with him. Listening requires entering
actively and imaginatively into the other fellow&#39;s situation and trying to
understand a frame of reference different from your own. This is not always an
easy task.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;But a good listener does not merely remain silent. He asks questions.
However, these questions must avoid all implications (whether in tone of voice
or in wording) of skepticism or challenge or hostility. They must clearly be
motivated by curiosity about the speaker&#39;s views.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(S.I. Hayakawa, &quot;How to Attend a Conference.&quot; &lt;i&gt;The Use and Misuse
of Language&lt;/i&gt;, ed. by S.I. Hayakawa. Fawcett Premier, 1962)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Ten Keys to
Effective Listening&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Find areas of interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Judge content, not delivery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Hold your fire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Listen for ideas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Be flexible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Work at listening.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Resist distractions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Exercise your mind.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Keep your mind open.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Anticipate, summarize, weigh the evidence, and look
     between the lines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(adapted
from a brochure distributed in the 1980s by the Sperry Corporation, now Unisys)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;b&gt;Listening&lt;/b&gt;
is more complex than merely hearing. It is a process that consists of four
stages: sensing and attending, understanding and interpreting, remembering, and
responding . . .. The stages occur in sequence but we are generally unaware of
them.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Sheila Steinberg, &lt;i&gt;An Introduction to Communication Studies&lt;/i&gt;. Juta and
Company Ltd., 2007)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;The reason why
we have two ears and only one mouth is that we may &lt;b&gt;listen&lt;/b&gt; the more and
talk the less.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Zeno of Citium)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;There are four
&lt;i&gt;elements&lt;/i&gt; of good &lt;b&gt;listening&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;attention&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;--the
     focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;hearing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;--the
     physiological act of &#39;opening the gates to your ears&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;understanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;--assigning
     meaning to the messages received&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;remembering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;--the
     storing of meaningful information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;In addition to the four elements, there are also four levels
of listening: acknowledging, sympathizing, &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/paraphterm.htm&quot;&gt;paraphrasing&lt;/a&gt;, and
empathizing. The four levels of listening range from passive to interactive
when considered separately. However, the most effective listeners are able to
project all four levels at the same time. That is, they demonstrate that they
are paying attention and making an effort to understand and evaluate what it is
they are hearing, and they complete the process by demonstrating through their
responses their level of comprehension and interest in what the speaker is
saying.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Marvin Gottlieb, &lt;i&gt;Managing Group Process&lt;/i&gt;. Praeger, 2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;Active &lt;b&gt;listening&lt;/b&gt;
involves six skills: paying attention, holding judgment, reflecting,
clarifying, &lt;a href=&quot;http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/summaryterm.htm&quot;&gt;summarizing&lt;/a&gt;,
and sharing. Each skill contributes to the active listening mind-set, and each
skill includes various techniques or behaviors. These skills are not mutually
exclusive. For example, paying attention isn&#39;t something you stop doing when
you start holding judgment. Nor are the skills consistently weighed in
importance. In one conversation, clarifying may take much effort and time; in
another conversation, gaining clarity and understanding may be quick and
easy.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
(Michael H. Hoppe, &lt;i&gt;Active Listening: Improve Your Ability to Listen and Lead&lt;/i&gt;.
Center for Creative Leadership, 2006)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;

Active listening&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Active listening&lt;/b&gt; is a communication technique that requires the
listener to feed back what he hears to the speaker, by way of re-stating or
paraphrasing what he has heard in his own words, to confirm what he has heard
and moreover, to confirm the understanding of both parties. The ability to
listen actively demonstrates sincerity, and that nothing is being assumed or
taken for granted. Active listening is most often used to improve personal
relationships, reduce misunderstanding and conflicts, strengthen cooperation,
and foster understanding. It is proactive, accountable and professional.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
When &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_interaction&quot; title=&quot;Social interaction&quot;&gt;interacting&lt;/a&gt;, people often
&quot;wait to speak&quot; rather than &#39;hear&#39; attentively. They might also be
distracted. Active listening is a structured way of listening and responding to
others, focusing attention on the &quot;function&quot; of communicating
objectively as opposed to focussing on &quot;forms,&quot; passive expression or
subjectivity.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are many opinions on what is &quot;active listening.&quot; A search of
the term reveals interpretations of the &quot;activity&quot; as including
&quot;interpreting body language&quot; or focusing on something other than
words. Successful communication is the establishment of common ground between
two people—understanding.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Agreeing to disagree is common ground.
Common ground can be false, i.e., a person says they feel a certain way but
they don&#39;t. Nevertheless it is common ground, once accepted as understood.
Dialogue, understanding and progress can only arise from that common ground.
And that common ground cannot be established without respect for the words as
spoken by the speaker, for whatever reason.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Thus the essence of active listening is as brutally simple as it is
effective: paraphrasing the speakers words back to them as a question.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; There is little room for assumption or
interpretation. It is functional, mechanical and leaves little doubt as to what
is meant by what is said. &quot;The process is successful if the person
receiving the information gives feedback which shows understanding for meaning.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Suspending one&#39;s own frame of reference,
suspending judgment and avoiding other internal mental activities are important
to fully &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention&quot; title=&quot;Attention&quot;&gt;attend&lt;/a&gt;
to the speaker.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Comprehending&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
Comprehension is &quot;shared meaning between parties in a communication
transaction&quot;.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Rothwell.2C_0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening#cite_note-Rothwell.2C-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
This is the first step in the listening process. The first challenge for the
listener is accurately identifying speech sounds and understanding and
synthesizing these sounds as words.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; We are constantly bombarded with auditory
stimuli, so the listener has to select which of those stimuli are speech sounds
and choose to pay attention to the appropriate sounds (attending).&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; The second challenge is being able to
discern breaks between discernable words, or speech segmentation.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Rothwell.2C_0-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening#cite_note-Rothwell.2C-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
This becomes significantly more difficult with an unfamiliar language because
the speech sounds blend together into a continuous jumble. Determining the
context and meanings of each word is essential to comprehending a sentence.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Retaining&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
This is the second step in the listening process. Memory is essential to the
listening process&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;because the information we retain when
involved in the listening process is how we create meaning from words.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; We depend on our memory to fill in the
blanks when we&#39;re listening.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Because everyone has different memories,
the speaker and the listener may attach different meanings to the same
statement.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; However, our memories are fallible and we
can&#39;t remember everything that we&#39;ve ever listened to.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; There are many reasons why we forget some
information that we&#39;ve received.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; The first is cramming. When you cram there
is a lot of information entered into your short term memory.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Shortly after cramming, when you don&#39;t need
the information anymore, it is purged from your brain before it can be
transferred into your long term memory.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening#cite_note-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
The second reason is that you aren&#39;t paying attention when you receive the
information.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Alternatively, when you receive the
information you may not attach importance to it, so it loses its meaning.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; A fourth reason is at the time the
information was received you lacked motivation to listen carefully to better
remember it.&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-Rothwell.2C_0-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening#cite_note-Rothwell.2C-0&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
Using information immediately after receiving it enhances information retention
and lessens the forgetting curve (the rate at which we no longer retain
information in our memory).&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_listening#cite_note-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
Retention is lessened when we engage in mindless listening, where little effort
is made to listen to a speaker&#39;s message. Mindful listening is active
listening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Responding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
Listening is an interaction between speaker and listener.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; It adds action to a normally passive
process. The speaker looks for verbal and nonverbal responses from the listener
to determine if the message is being listened to.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Usually the response is nonverbal because
if the response is verbal the speaker/listener roles are reversed so the
listener becomes the speaker and is no longer listening.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citation needed&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2012&quot;&gt;citation
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Based on the response the speaker chooses
to either adjust or continue with his/her communication style.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/8705191922119282856/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/8705191922119282856?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8705191922119282856'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8705191922119282856'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/07/tugas-paper-bahasa-inggris-modul.html' title='tugas paper bahasa inggris ( modul pertama)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-7269855865445902332</id><published>2012-06-30T06:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-30T06:56:28.725-07:00</updated><title type='text'>jawaban quiz pengantar pemrograman</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;jawaban berdasarkan NPM 11111009&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;JAWABAN SOAL NOMOR 1&lt;br /&gt;=====================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;bilangan yang di urutkan : 1,1,1,1,1,0,0,9&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i=0&lt;br /&gt;j=4 bil = 1,1,1,1,1,0,0,9 (0&amp;lt;1) 1,1,1,1,0,0,1,9 &lt;br /&gt;j=3 bil = 1,1,1,1,0,0,1,9 (0&amp;lt;1) 1,1,1,0,0,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;j=2 bil = 1,1,1,0,0,1,1,9 (0&amp;lt;1) 1,1,0,0,1,1,1,9 &lt;br /&gt;j=1 bil = 1,1,0,0,1,1,1,9 (0&amp;lt;1) 1,0,0,1,1,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;-----------------------------------------------&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i=1&lt;br /&gt;j=4 bil = 1,0,0,1,1,1,1,9 (1&amp;gt;0) 1,1,1,0,0,1,9 &lt;br /&gt;j=3 bil = 1,1,1,0,0,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1&amp;gt;0) 1,1,0,0,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;j=2 bil = 1,1,0,0,1,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1&amp;gt;0) 1,0,0,1,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;---------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;i=2&lt;br /&gt;j=4 bil = 1,0,0,1,1,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1&amp;gt;0) 1,1,0,0,1,9&lt;br /&gt;j=3 bil = 1,0,0,1,1,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1&amp;gt;0) 1,0,0,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;-------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;i=3&lt;br /&gt;j=3 bil = 1,0,0,1,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (0&amp;lt;1) 0,0,1,1,9&lt;br /&gt;j=4 bil = 0,0,1,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1&amp;gt;0) 1,0,0,1,9&lt;br /&gt;------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;i=4&lt;br /&gt;j=4 bil = 1,0,0,1,9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ((1&amp;gt;0) 0,0,1,9&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;program:&lt;br /&gt;program buble short&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[spoiler=jawaban]&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;iostream.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;conio.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;void tampilkan_larik(int data[], int n)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;int i;&lt;br /&gt;for(i=0;i&amp;lt;n;i++)&lt;br /&gt;cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;data[i]&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot; &quot;;&lt;br /&gt;cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;\n&quot;;&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;void buble_sort(int data[],int n)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;int tahap,j,tmp;&lt;br /&gt;for (tahap=1;tahap&amp;lt;n;tahap++)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;for (j=0;j&amp;lt;n-tahap;j++)&lt;br /&gt;if (data[j]&amp;gt;data[j+1])&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;//tukarkan&lt;br /&gt;tmp=data[j];&lt;br /&gt;data[j]=data[j+1];&lt;br /&gt;data[j+1]=tmp;&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;hasil tahap &quot;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;tahap&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot; : &quot;;&lt;br /&gt;tampilkan_larik (data,n);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;int main()&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;const jum_data=8;&lt;br /&gt;int i;&lt;br /&gt;int data[]={1,1,1,1,1,0,0,9};&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;buble_sort(data, jum_data);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//hasil pengurutan&lt;br /&gt;cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl;&lt;br /&gt;cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;Hasil Pengurutan: \n&quot;;&lt;br /&gt;tampilkan_larik(data,jum_data);&lt;br /&gt;getch();&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;menampilkan deret angka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include&amp;lt;iostream.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include&amp;lt;conio.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;class segitiga{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; public :&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; void rumus();&lt;br /&gt;};&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;void main(){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; segitiga x;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x.rumus();&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; getch();&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;void segitiga::rumus(){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int k=5; k&amp;gt;=1; k--){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int i=1;i&amp;lt;=k;i++){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;i&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;&amp;nbsp; &quot;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int i=1; i&amp;lt;6; i++){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int j=1; j&amp;lt;=i; j++){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;j&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;&amp;nbsp; &quot;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;[/spoiler]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JAWABAN SOAL NO 2&lt;br /&gt;==================&lt;br /&gt;untuk jawaban no 2 ada beberapa bagian yang saya hilangkan...untuk menghindarkan bisa saja ada yg sama tugas nya sama saya ntar gak bakalan berjuang krn tinggal terima bersih...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12345&lt;br /&gt;1234&lt;br /&gt;123&lt;br /&gt;12&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;12&lt;br /&gt;123&lt;br /&gt;1234&lt;br /&gt;12345&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[spoiler=jawaban]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;#include&quot;conio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;#include&quot;stdio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;class segitiga{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; public:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; void rumus();&lt;br /&gt;};&lt;br /&gt;int main(){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; segitiga x;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x.rumus();&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; getch();&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;void segitiga::rumus(){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int k=5; k&amp;gt;=1; k--){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ................................{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; printf(&quot;%......);&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; printf(&quot;\n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int ....; i&amp;lt;6; ....){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for(int j=1; j&amp;lt;=i; j++){&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; printf(......);&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; printf(&quot;\n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;[/spoiler]&lt;/b&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/7269855865445902332/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/7269855865445902332?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7269855865445902332'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7269855865445902332'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/06/jawaban-quiz-pengantar-pemrograman.html' title='jawaban quiz pengantar pemrograman'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-1269948280381013472</id><published>2012-06-13T23:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-13T23:41:53.276-07:00</updated><title type='text'>(catatan harian kuliah) mengenal Aljabar Boolean</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1iwS2LwsDVBGFq7KIKVpmkiS1iPA2f9b8j1-vdqbLjuxxm61zksvkNdFuaqZVS0O7i_B09X6p0YmRtr5QJJjsiFYX9yVCSxxYdCCKcsbcZZO3vRQfUDnm7tlyuhM7gm9nx-Xd4QFmUuEv/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1iwS2LwsDVBGFq7KIKVpmkiS1iPA2f9b8j1-vdqbLjuxxm61zksvkNdFuaqZVS0O7i_B09X6p0YmRtr5QJJjsiFYX9yVCSxxYdCCKcsbcZZO3vRQfUDnm7tlyuhM7gm9nx-Xd4QFmUuEv/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Setelah pembahasan tentang gerbang digital pada tulisan &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1511732001131662256#editor/target=post;postID=8468596631771928980&quot;&gt;(catatan harian kuliah) Mengenal Gerbang Digital dalam Pemrograman Digital&lt;/a&gt; saat nya masuk ke langkah berikutnya yaitu tentang Aljabar Bollean...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dasar Aljabar Bollean&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;dalam mengembangkan sistem aljabar boole perlu memulai nya dengan asumsi-asumsi yakni postulat boolean dan teorema aljabar boolean.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. postulat boolean&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;0.1(baca nol dikali 1) = 0&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;0.0 = 0&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1.0= 0&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1.1= 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ini di turunkan dari fungsi AND dalam Gerbang Logika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;0+1 = 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;0+0 = 0&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1+0 = 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1+1 = 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ini di turunkan dari fungsi OR dalam gerbang logika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;0&#39;(dibaca invers)&amp;nbsp; = 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1&#39; = 0&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ini di turunkan dari fungsi NOT dalam gerbang logika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. teorema Aljabar Boolean&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.1 COMMUTATIVE LAW &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + B = B + A b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.2 ASSOCIATIVE LAW&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;( A + B ) + C = A + ( B + C )&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;( A . B) . C = A . ( B . C )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.3 DISTRIBUTIVE LAW&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A. ( B + C ) = A . B + A . C&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;+ ( B . C ) = ( A+B ) . ( A+C )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.4 IDENTITY LAW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + A = A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A . A = A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.5 NEGATION LAW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;( A’ ) = A’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;( A’’ ) = A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;t.6 REDUNDANCE LAW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + A. B = A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A .( A + B) = A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;tambahan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;t.7 a.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;0 +&amp;nbsp; A =&amp;nbsp; A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.15pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp; .&amp;nbsp; A = A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.1pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;1 +&amp;nbsp; A =&amp;nbsp; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.1pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;0&amp;nbsp; .&amp;nbsp; A =&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;t.8 a.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;A’ + A = 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;A’ . A = 0&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Section1&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 96.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -23.75pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;t.9 a.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;A + A’ . B = A + B &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 96.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 96.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -23.75pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b.&lt;span style=&quot;-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;A.( A’ + B ) = A . B&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;

teorema tersebut sering di sebut sebagai rumus/axioma Boolean....selain itu ada juga yg di sebut sebagai &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;DE MORGAN’S THEOREM &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;atau hukum kekekalan Morgan...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;dimana :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(A&#39; + B&#39; ) = A&#39; . B&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(A&#39; . B&#39; ) = A&#39; + B&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;pembuktian teorema t.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;tabel kebenaran untuk A+A.B=A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 41.5pt;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 39.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 59.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A
  . B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A
  + A.B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 39.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 59.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 40.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 40.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 59.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 40.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 40.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 59.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 40.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 41.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; height: 41.1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 59.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 63.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 122.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;163&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 40.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;pembuktian teorema t.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;tabel kebenaran untuk A+A&#39;B=A+B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 41.5pt;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 39.4pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A’ . B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A + A’B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;A
  + B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 7.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; height: 7.6pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 7.6pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 7.6pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 7.6pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 7.6pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 39.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 39.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 40.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 40.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 40.4pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 40.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; height: 40.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 52.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 103.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 28pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;aplikasi soal aljabar boolean :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;dari postulat dan teorema aljabar boolean di atas tujuan nya adalah untuk penyederhanaan :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;- ekspressi logika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;- persamaan logika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;- persamaan boolean ( fungsi boole) yang inti-intinya adalah untuk mendapatan rangkaian logika ( logic diagram) yang paling sederhana&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sudah cukup pembahasan nya...sekarang saat nya melakukan latihan terhadap teorema nya&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;contoh 1:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sederhanakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; (A . B + C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(A . B + C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;=&amp;nbsp; A . A .
B + A . C&amp;nbsp; (t.3 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;=&amp;nbsp; A . B +
A . C&amp;nbsp; (t.4 b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; =&amp;nbsp; A . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(B
+ C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; (t.3 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;contoh 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sederhanakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A’. B + A . B + A’ . B’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A’. B + A . B + A’ . B’= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(A’ + A)&amp;nbsp;
. B + A’ . B’ (t.3 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;1 . B + A’ . B’ (t.8 b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = B + A’ . B’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; (t.7 b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = B + A’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; (t.9 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;contoh 3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sederhanakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + A . B’ + A’ . B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + A . B’ + A’ . B = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;(A + A . B’ ) + A’ . B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A + A’ . B (t.6 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = A + B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; (t.9 a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sebagai catatan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;- A atau B atau C hanya merupakan variabel bebas yang bisa di ganti-ganti tergantung pilihan anda...bisa saja menggunakan huruf lain atau angka saja juga tidak masalah...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;- masing-masing variabel (A,B ...dst) menyatakan masukkan atau input...misal A+B, artinya terdapat dua masukkan dalam satu proses..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;- IMHO aljabar boolean sedikit membosankan di banding dengan aplikasi peta karnaugh(karnaugh map),,,eh apasih peta karnaugh?? di tulisan selanjutnya akan di bahas tentang peta karnaugh...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;apabila ada yang salah silahkan di koreksi...&quot;karena di atas langit masih ada langit&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;sumber :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;ALJABAR BOOLE DAN FUNGSI BOOLE (Bp Nanang)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 96pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 165pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 23.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 165pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/1269948280381013472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/1269948280381013472?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1269948280381013472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1269948280381013472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/06/catatan-harian-kuliah-mengenal-aljabar.html' title='(catatan harian kuliah) mengenal Aljabar Boolean'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1iwS2LwsDVBGFq7KIKVpmkiS1iPA2f9b8j1-vdqbLjuxxm61zksvkNdFuaqZVS0O7i_B09X6p0YmRtr5QJJjsiFYX9yVCSxxYdCCKcsbcZZO3vRQfUDnm7tlyuhM7gm9nx-Xd4QFmUuEv/s72-c/images.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-6963067092154728780</id><published>2012-06-10T23:08:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-10T23:08:57.834-07:00</updated><title type='text'>hobi baru &quot;koleksi movie&quot; dari uTorrent</title><content type='html'>beberapa bulan belakangan ini saya punya hobi baru...hobi yang sebenar nya dari zaman kuliah dah di mulai tapi selalu gagal. kleksi film via HDD ext. kalau pas kuliah di UNIMED dulu koleksi film nya dalam bentuk kepingan DVD tapi kali ini saya koleksi dengan menggunakan HDD ext dengan kapasitas 500Gb&lt;br /&gt;
terhitung ini adalah bulan ke 3 saya mulai mengkoleksi film...tapi kalau di hitung jumlah film yang saya koleksi ada sekitar 200 judul film sudah terkumpul...terlebih saya menggunakan program dowloader Utorrent (baca micro torrent)..program ini lumayan hebat...krn resumable dan kecepatan download berdasarkan PTP...artinya berapa banyak komputer orang lain yg menyimpan file yg saya ingin kan...semakin banyak komputer yg menyimpan file yg ingin saya download maka semakin cepat proses download nya,,,selain itu ya resumable...artinya jika suatu saat koneksi internet saya DC atau disconnect maka file yg sudah saya download gak bakalan hilang..dan kalau koneksi internet sudah connet kemabli maka proses download nya lanjut tanpa mengulang dari awal lagi...recomended lah.&lt;br /&gt;
tips yg lain supaya HDD ext gak cepat penuh, ya kualitas gambar atau kualitas film yg saya download minimal DVDRip atau BRRip, kisaran kapasitas 700-900Mbps...kalau blue ray kegedean...bisa sampai minimal di 1Gb nyahok lah HDD ku...selain itu untuk mempercepat proses download..saya selalu melakukan download via utorrent di malam hari...krn pertimbangan nya...kalau di Indonesia malam maka di benua eropa atau amerika siang...so bakalan banyak komputer yg hidup di sana jadi bisa mempercepat proses download nya...gak mesti begadang...cukup tinggalin tidur aja komputer dalam keadaan hidup...bangun pagi dah siap tuh download nya....untuk mencari film via torrent banyak web yg tersedia...ada ahashare.com, kickasstorrent,,,tapi saya lebih suka menggunakan web KAT.PH...&lt;br /&gt;
daftar koleksi film yg sudah ada sampai saat ini :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;alt2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px inset; height: 34px; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 640px;&quot;&gt;the artist
paul
The raid redemption
3 hati 2 dunia 1 cinta
3 idots
5 days of war
14 blade
300
10000 BC
A beautiful mind
AI
act of valoor
American Gangster
american high scholl
Avatar Pandora
B13U
Babylon AD
Bangkok Dangerous
batoru rowaiaru
bicentennial man
big fish
blow
body of lies
Bravehart
cars 2
casino
Castaway on the moon
catch me if you can
Chronicle (camRip)
click
computer-pirates of silicon valley
contraband
crows 1
crows 2
dead poet society
eagle eye
enemy at the gates
fast and furious
faster
fight club
film aneh
film ketawa
flipped
fly me to polaris
frost nixxon
Gangs of New York
ghost rider 2
glory
gone in 60 second
good night and good luck
godfellas
gulliver&#39;s travels
hachiko
harry poter 1-7 full
hello ghost
hotel rwanda
how to train your dragon
hugo
I am legend
I am number four
in time
inception
india paa
idiana jones
inside man
into the wild
ipman
irobot
j edgar
john carter
journy to the center of the earth
journy to the center of the earth 2
jumper
karate kid
KCB 1-2
kill bill
killer elite
kingdom
kung fu panda 
kung fu panda 2
kungfu hustle
like stars on earth
limitless
little manhattan
machine gun preacher
man on a ledge
margin call
money ball
monster inc
murudeka 170805
my girl 1-2
my name is khan
national treasure 2
national treasure 1
new york
ocean 11-12-13
ong bak
original sin
paan singh tomar
penguin madagaskar
pirates of carribean
push
rampart 
ratatouille
red
red cliff
red tails
resident evil 3
safe house
scary movie
schindler list
se7en
seabiscuit
shaolin soccer
sherlock holmes 1-2
shinjuku insident
sholin
shoot them up
shutter island
slumdog milioner
source code
spiderman 1-3
sunshine
swordfish
taken
&quot;?&quot;
the avengers
the bank job
the bourne trilogy
the dark knight
the darkest hours
the departed
the devils wears prada
the flying swords of dragon gate
the girl next door
the girl with the dragon tatto
the god father
the great debaters
the green hornet
the grey
the lady
the last legion
the prestige
the punisher
the pursuit of happyness
the samurai of ayothaya
the shawshank redemption
the terminal
the time machine
the transporter
the warriors way
the blind side
the joneses
the losers
the school of rock
the time travelers wife
the king speech
thick as thieves
thor
torque
toy story
transformers
the lord of the rings
underworld
up
wall e
wallstreet
wanted
war horse
Warrior 2011
we bought a zoo&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kalau ada yg mau barter via HDD ext bisa donk..tapi khusus daerah medan aja ya...luar medan ane gak berani deh...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/6963067092154728780/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/6963067092154728780?isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6963067092154728780'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6963067092154728780'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/06/hobi-baru-koleksi-movie-dari-utorrent.html' title='hobi baru &quot;koleksi movie&quot; dari uTorrent'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-1358190727174508426</id><published>2012-05-14T09:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-05-15T06:31:22.510-07:00</updated><title type='text'>jawaban tugas bahasa pemrograman 2-3-4</title><content type='html'>sebelum nya saya berharap kalau ada beberapa kawan2 yg coba mengkoreksi bahasa ini atau punya jawaban lain,,sebagai perandingan dan bahan diskusi di kampus entar...soalnya buat belajar sendiri bahasa pemrograman tanpa ada bantuan dari kawan2 yg lain sangat2 berat...ane dah ngalamin betapa buntunya ngerjain ini tugas seorang diri...krn bantuan kawan2 di kaskus maka nya selesai ni tugas di tambah mereka bukan ngasi jawaban benar...cuma clue2 aja,,,yg membenarkan tetap harus kita sendiri,,,curcol :P&lt;br /&gt;
untuk software Turbo Pascal 7.1 bisa di dapat di&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/?wbcvsjdas0rh3d6&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
untuk software Turbo C/C++ 4.5 bisa di dapat di&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/?865k8b7u8m092k2&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. buatlah program menggunakan C/C++ untuk menampilkan hasil berikut ini:&lt;br /&gt;
1234&lt;br /&gt;
123&lt;br /&gt;
12&lt;br /&gt;
1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oke ini script nya menggunakan pascal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
uses crt;&lt;br /&gt;
var&lt;br /&gt;
nilai : array [1..4] of integer;&lt;br /&gt;
x,y:=4 downto 1 do&lt;br /&gt;
begin&lt;br /&gt;
for y:=1 to x do write (y);&lt;br /&gt;
writeln;&lt;br /&gt;
end;&lt;br /&gt;
readln;&lt;br /&gt;
end.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
disaranin compiler yang di gunakan Tubo pascal 7.1, krn di lab komputer juga menggunakan TP 7.1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;3. buatlah program untuk mencari jumlah huruf hidup dari suatu kalimat yg di masukkan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#include&quot;conio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#include&quot;stdio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
main()&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
char voc;&lt;br /&gt;
int jvoc=0;&lt;br /&gt;
clrscr();&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot; masukkan sebuah kalimat dan akhiri dengan ENTER\n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
while((voc=getchar())!=&#39;\n&#39;){&lt;br /&gt;
if(voc==&#39;a&#39;||voc==&#39;i&#39;||voc==&#39;u&#39;||voc==&#39;e&#39;||voc==&#39;o&#39;||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; voc==&#39;A&#39;||voc==&#39;I&#39;||voc==&#39;U&#39;||voc==&#39;E&#39;||voc==&#39;O&#39;)&lt;br /&gt;
jvoc++;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;\n jumlah huruf vokal =%d&quot;,jvoc);&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. buatlah program untuk menampilkan hasil berikut ini:&lt;br /&gt;
nilai bilangan: 5&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 5+4+3+2+1&lt;br /&gt;
terpaksa di spoiler in biar gak panjang kali :D &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;alt2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px inset; height: 498px; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 640px;&quot;&gt;#include &amp;lt;iostream&amp;gt;
 
using namespace std;
 
class input
{
  public : 
  int x;
 
  void inputBilangan()
  {
    int buff;
    cin&amp;gt;&amp;gt;buff;
    x = buff;
  }
};
 
class output
{
  public :
  int x;
  output(int x)
  {
    this-&amp;gt;x = x;
  }
 
  void outputBilangan()
  {
    for(;x&amp;gt;0;x--)
    {
      cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot; &quot;;
      if(x!=1)
        cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&quot;+ &quot;;
    }
    cout&amp;lt;&amp;lt;endl;
  }
};
 
  int main()
  {
    input *I = new input();
    I-&amp;gt;inputBilangan();
    output *O = new output(I-&amp;gt;x);
    O-&amp;gt;outputBilangan();
    return 0;
  }
  &lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;alt2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px inset; height: 498px; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 640px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/1358190727174508426/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/1358190727174508426?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1358190727174508426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1358190727174508426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/05/jawaban-tugas-bahasa-pemrograman-2-3-4.html' title='jawaban tugas bahasa pemrograman 2-3-4'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-6971010967769299711</id><published>2012-05-14T08:52:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-05-15T06:28:35.369-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TENTANG TUGAS BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN</title><content type='html'>Sebelumnya terima kasih buat kwan2 di kaskus.us khususnya di subforum bahasa pemrograman yang udah ngebantu menyelesaikan tugas bahasa pemrograman ini...buat yg mau ngecek gimana tugas nya bisa selesai bisa di telusuri di&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=14383793&quot;&gt;kaskus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
disaranin compiler yang digunakan untuk meng-compile adalah borland ver 4.5..krn di lab juga pakai versi itu..untuk mendapatkan software Turbo Pascal 7.1 silahkon download dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/?wbcvsjdas0rh3d6&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt; sedangkan untuk Turbo C/C++ bisa di download di &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/?865k8b7u8m092k2&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
langsung aja...soal tugas nya itu&lt;br /&gt;
1. carilah total bilangan genap dari perulangan 1-10...&lt;br /&gt;
jawab total nya adalah = 30&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#include&quot;conio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#include&quot;stdio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
main()&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
int bil, totalbil= 0;&lt;br /&gt;
clrscr();&lt;br /&gt;
for (bil=2; bil&amp;lt;=10; bil=bil+2){&lt;br /&gt;
totalbil += bil;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;\n jumlah seluruh bilangan yaitu =%d&quot;, totalbil);&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;LOGIKA ALGORITMA nya nih: jangan cuma copas aja tapi ini yg penting kalau menurut aku&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;penjelasan : bilangan genap adalah bilangan yg habis apabila di bagi dengan 2,,,bisa saja kita mulai perulangan dari 1,,,tapi saya lebih milih dimulai dari 2 (2 atau 1 tidak masalah),,,lalu bilangan genap yg muncul berikut nya adalah 2,4,6,8, sampai 10, krn batas perulangan nya sampai 10 maka kita defenisikan bil itu (bil&amp;lt;=10), lalu bilangan apa saja yg akan di total kan??seperti yg sudah saya jelaskan sebelum nya bilangan genap adalah bilangan yg akan habis apabila di bagi 2 maka kita defenisi kan bilangan nya menjadi (bil=bil+2) artinya bilangan berikutnya adalah bilangan yg di tambah 2 dari bilangan sebelumnya,,,,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
masuk ke alur proses&lt;br /&gt;
setelah kita mendefenisikan bilangan apa yg ingin kita proses kita tinggal mengatur alur proses nya,,,&lt;br /&gt;
kita ingin mendapatkan total bilangan dari penjumlahan bilangan genap dari perulangan 1-10,,,maka kita atur proses nya &quot;totalbil +=bil&quot; dimana total bilangan yg akan muncul adalah hasil penjumlahan dari bil,dimana bil=bil+2 atau bilangan genap saja...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
abis itu tinggal kita munculkan saja hasil penjumlahan itu di layar dengan &quot;printf(&quot;\n jumlah seluruh bilangan yaitu =%d&quot;, totalbil);&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
mohon di pelajari lagi, jangan asal copas ya fren...soalnya soal2 berikutnya bakalan lebih sulit...semakin sulit soalnya maka semakin pelit saya kasi contekan nya :P&lt;br /&gt;
untuk jawaban no 2-3-4 di post berikutnya di tampilin, biar makin anyak postingan nya :P &lt;br /&gt;
selesai....CMIIW &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/6971010967769299711/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/6971010967769299711?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6971010967769299711'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6971010967769299711'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/05/tentang-tugas-bahasa-pemrograman.html' title='TENTANG TUGAS BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-2367332614191812621</id><published>2012-04-25T21:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-25T22:00:09.847-07:00</updated><title type='text'>JANGAN ASAL COPY PASTE DARI MODUL DOSEN (CHK)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nvOxIpW3MS_qw91JutOogONEb1yFy5CwC_mJqEHQ10n9bJ0quea2U_7jq2p3FHj1DgFwZMDyg2w7wMxlEbsou0wb6yVT09Zbnvb4saXypkNeXLkQ8KMz6zStyypsoJRGzBEOV8281IiE/s1600/c++.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;149&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nvOxIpW3MS_qw91JutOogONEb1yFy5CwC_mJqEHQ10n9bJ0quea2U_7jq2p3FHj1DgFwZMDyg2w7wMxlEbsou0wb6yVT09Zbnvb4saXypkNeXLkQ8KMz6zStyypsoJRGzBEOV8281IiE/s200/c++.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Ternyata ada juga karakter dosen yang ingin mahasiswa nya jeli ketika menerima modul yang di berikan...apakah si mahasiswa akan copas modul tersebut mentah2 tanpa harus di teliti terlebih dahulu atau ada yang begitu jeli melihat ada nya kesalahan yang harus di perbaiki.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ini terjadi kemarin ketika mata kuliah bahasa pemrograman. kami di berikan modul tentang bahasa pemrograman C, C++ dan pascal. pada saat latihan praktikum seisi kelas mulai ribut, krn hasil dari compile tak sesuai dengan hasil yang di inginkan di dalam modul. artinya si mahasiswa dan tentu nya saya juga, hanya melakukan copas (copy paste) modul tanpa melihat dengan jeli bahwa ada yang salah dan kurang dalam modul yang di berikan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;modul yang di berikan itu seperti ini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;#include&quot;conio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;#include&quot;stdio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;main()&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;char kar;&lt;br /&gt;int jkar, jspasi=0;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;clrscr();&lt;br /&gt;printf(&quot;masukkan sebuah kalimat dan akhiri dengan ENTER \n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;printf(&quot;saya akan menghitung jumlah karakter dari kalimat tersebut \n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;while((kar=getchar())!=&#39;\n&#39;)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;jkar++;&lt;br /&gt;if(kar==&#39; &#39;)&lt;br /&gt;jspasi++;&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;printf(&quot;\njumlah karakter =%d&quot;, jkar);&lt;br /&gt;printf(&quot;\njumlah spasi =%d\n\n&quot;, jspasi);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;secara sepintas, script itu gak ada yang salah...tapi ketika di exe program tersebut tidak akan jalan.,. karena ada script yang kurang dan miss...dan miss ini sangat butuh kejelian melihat nya,,,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;error akan terjadi pada&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;main()&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;char kar;&lt;br /&gt;int jkar, jspasi=0;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;karena kita tidak memasukkan jumlah bilangan untuk &quot;jkar&quot;, sedangkan pada &quot;jspasi&quot; kita memberikan jumlah &quot;=0&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;script yang seharusnya itu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;main()&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;char kar;&lt;br /&gt;int jkar=0, jspasi=0;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;bentuk keseluruhan script nya menjadi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;#include&quot;conio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#include&quot;stdio.h&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
main()&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
char kar;&lt;br /&gt;
int jkar&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;=0&lt;/span&gt;, jspasi=0;&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
clrscr();&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;masukkan sebuah kalimat dan akhiri dengan ENTER \n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;saya akan menghitung jumlah karakter dari kalimat tersebut \n&quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
while((kar=getchar())!=&#39;\n&#39;)&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
jkar++;&lt;br /&gt;
if(kar==&#39; &#39;)&lt;br /&gt;
jspasi++;&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;\njumlah karakter =%d&quot;, jkar);&lt;br /&gt;
printf(&quot;\njumlah spasi =%d\n\n&quot;, jspasi);&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;hanya menambahkan &quot;=0&quot; atau menghilangkan &quot;=0&quot; itu sangat penting dalam sebuah bahasa pemrograman,,tergantung bahasa pemrograman nya juga....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enjoy...nikmat nya berbagi :)&lt;br /&gt;untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang pharsing error silahkan lihat tulisan saya sebelumnya &lt;a href=&quot;http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/03/mengenal-parsing-error-pada-c.html&quot;&gt;MENGENAL PARSING ERROR PADA C++ &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/2367332614191812621/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/2367332614191812621?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/2367332614191812621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/2367332614191812621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/ternyata-ada-juga-karakter-dosen-yang.html' title='JANGAN ASAL COPY PASTE DARI MODUL DOSEN (CHK)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nvOxIpW3MS_qw91JutOogONEb1yFy5CwC_mJqEHQ10n9bJ0quea2U_7jq2p3FHj1DgFwZMDyg2w7wMxlEbsou0wb6yVT09Zbnvb4saXypkNeXLkQ8KMz6zStyypsoJRGzBEOV8281IiE/s72-c/c++.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-8416804343859938422</id><published>2012-04-25T20:38:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-25T20:41:36.250-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Privacy Policy</title><content type='html'>Privacy Policy for http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/&lt;br /&gt;
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specific web browsers can be found at the browsers&#39; respective websites.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/8416804343859938422/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/8416804343859938422?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8416804343859938422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8416804343859938422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/privacy-policy.html' title='Privacy Policy'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-7059599580374829964</id><published>2012-04-25T12:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-25T12:46:04.071-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TUTORIAL CHEAT PADA GAME Anno2070 OffLine</title><content type='html'>&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&quot;sebelum nya...cheat ini cuma saya jalankan di versi offline bukan online.&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;tanpa basa basi...langsung aja deh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;siapin dulu perangkat nya&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;yang pasti game Anno 2070 nya donk...ya kan :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;cheat engine versi 6.1 bisa di dapat di &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cheatengine.org/&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;makanan ringan yang banyak...krn emang game nya bikin ketagihan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;kopi gak bakalan cukup secangkir...siapin aja se teko biar mata gak ngantuk...wkwkwkwk :) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;nih yang paling penting sebenar nya....CT File buat masukkin script hex cheat nya kedalam cheat engine. bisa kalian donwload tabel script itu di link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?59zt69isn0144pl&quot;&gt;mediafire&lt;/a&gt; yang udah ane sediakan&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;jika semua itu sudah kalian sediakan kecuali makanan dan minuman nya tergantung kalian mau nyediakan apa enggak....hehehehe kita bisa jalankan cheat nya...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;langkah-langkah nya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;jalankan program cheat engine yang sudah agan download dan agan installkan di komputer&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;,Courier,monospace; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;CT file yang sudah agan donlot sebelum nya yang berisi script hex cheat nya agan simpan di my cheat tables di My Document...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&quot;my cheat tables secara otomatis akan muncul di my document kalau cheat engine di jalankan&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;lalu agan jalankan game Anno 2070 nya...login dengan user od yang agan punya...tapi jangan dulu play...biarkan game nya pada tampilan menu saja&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;selanjutnya agan kembali ke tampilan desktop untuk menjalankan hex cheat table nya...dengan menggunakan ALT-TAB&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;kalau sudah di tampilan desktop,,,buka cheat engine dan pilih menu process list,,,di kotak paling kiri di bawah tab file...maka akan muncul seperti di gambar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;klik 2x pada 0000....-Anno5.exe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;maka akan muncul konfirmasi dari cheat engine nya seperti di gambar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;agan pilih yes...lalu pada kotak paling bawah cheat engine akan perintah pilihan script yang akan kita jalan kan...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;agan tinggal klik aja di kotak kecil-kecil nya untuk memilih script apa yang akan agan gunakan di game nya.,,,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;yang agan tandai dengan x adalah script yang akan agan enable atau gunakan dalam game...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;setelah agan tandai balik lagi ke game nya...pilih mode apa yang mau di mainkan...Enjoy deh..&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;tapi unik nya buat game ini bagi ane,,,walaupun sudah menggunakan cheat,,,game nya tetap bakalan lama dimainkan gan...benar2 buat ketagihan game nya :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;minimum wealth : duit nya selalu di batas 50.000 gak bakalan berkurang tapi bisa nambah terus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;minimum license : license yg digunakan untuk beli teknologi gak bakalan habis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;minimum kargo : barang yang di bawa kapal gak akan berubah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;minimum resource : barang yg di simpan di storage gak bakalan berkurang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ya cek sendiri aja gan buat yang lain nya :)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/7059599580374829964/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/7059599580374829964?isPopup=true' title='12 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7059599580374829964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7059599580374829964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/tutorial-cheat-pada-game-anno2070.html' title='TUTORIAL CHEAT PADA GAME Anno2070 OffLine'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEA02ngmJS4NRIM5UDAMGoETGZILcsly7cQpXJYyCNW9Z_7SBN0b4UsYEsGrRA-0EdqTAtBQsbS8YnaZIzAafmveFxjfxMuy1gMjeHo8cvv5tYsP0iel5bZcia1nUBshlzUNdKj4IwRcOD/s72-c/1.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>12</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-7224600739250530061</id><published>2012-04-23T20:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-25T11:15:41.429-07:00</updated><title type='text'>MANA YANG HARUS DI DOWNLOAD Turbo C, Turbo C++, Borland C++, Borland C++ Builder</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNSbMfQVa-f6xzrWqqqJEvcvGx-W7lidlaZVBpGd9YLQmnJGyxcG2s1vgiyM2O4ezg2rWS4rVzJQvIb9RZVkXSMzgGytfnRRBHsk0CTKRQfL_zOut13F3U1bzjEEU3RWiSxJFCZK4F9xh2/s1600/c==.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNSbMfQVa-f6xzrWqqqJEvcvGx-W7lidlaZVBpGd9YLQmnJGyxcG2s1vgiyM2O4ezg2rWS4rVzJQvIb9RZVkXSMzgGytfnRRBHsk0CTKRQfL_zOut13F3U1bzjEEU3RWiSxJFCZK4F9xh2/s320/c==.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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wkwkwkwk ketawa dulu anak muda nya...biar agak rileks nulis nya :)&lt;/div&gt;
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sebagai anak baru di perkuliahan TI...saya di perkenalkan dengan beberapa bahasa pemrograman dasar yang awal2 nya cukup rumit.. Ada 3 bahasa pemrograman yang di perkenalkan ke saya yang memang harus di kuasai oleh calon programer. Bahasa Pascal, C++ dan HTML.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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awal nya saya teringat pesan dosen saya di kelas,,,&quot;yang namanya ilmu terapan, akan lebih lancar dan mahir apabila sering di terapkan...jadi sering-sering berlatih bakalan gampang untuk di terapkan.&amp;nbsp; berawal dari pesan dosen tersebut saya termotivasi untuk menerapkan nya ketika ada waktu luang...maka saya berencana untuk mendownload program bahasa pemrograman tersebut...&lt;/div&gt;
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tapi kebingunan melanda saya ketika akan mendownload program C++. ada begitu banyak jenis program untuk bahasa C++. diantara nya Turbo C, Turbo C++, Borland C++, Borland C++ Builder. mana yang harus di download dan yang paling sesuai dengan program C++ di komputer lab kampus ya???&lt;/div&gt;
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dari kebingungan tersebut saya tertarik untuk mengetahui apasih yang membedakan program-program tersebut....&lt;/div&gt;
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mmmm....langsung aja deh ya,,,dah 3 paragraf juga buat pembuka aja...wkwkwkwk :)&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turbo C untuk membuat program berbahasa C sedangkan Turbo C++ untuk membuat program bahasa C++, Kedua-duanya buatan Borland.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turbo C++ 1.0 dirilis Februari 1991 jalan di lingkungan DOS.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turbo C++ 3.0 dirilis November 1991 jalan di lingkungan DOS yang 
kemudian diupdate untuk mendukung pembuatan program aplikasi untuk 
Ms-Windows (Turbo C++ 3.1).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Borland merilis juga Borland C++ untuk segment yang berbeda seiring 
dirilisnya Turbo C++ 1.0. Turbo C++ ditargetkan untuk para pemula dan 
hobbyist, sedangkan Borland C++ ditargetkan untuk para professional 
sehingga memiliki lebih banyak fitur, tool, dan kemudahan pembuatan 
program aplikasi. Dari sisi bahasa, Turbo C++ dengan Borland C++ masih 
sama.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turbo C++ 4.0 dirilis November 1993 jalan dilingkungan Ms-Windows yang 
mendukung pembuatan dan pemakaian template lebih lanjut. Lalu 
dilanjutkan dengan Turbo C++ 4.5&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Borland C++ dilanjutkan sampai Borland C++ 5.02 (1997) yang kemudian 
diganti dengan Borland C++ Builder yang dikembangkan sampai saat ini 
menjadi CodeGear C++ Builder 2009 (Dirilis Agustus 2008).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sedangkan Turbo C++ &quot;dihidupkan&quot; lagi tahun 2007 yang dinamai CodeGear 
Turbo C++ Explorer (gratis-asik nih) dan CodeGear Turbo C++ Professional (bayar-mata duitan nih borland) 
yang dibuat berbasiskan Borland C++ Builder 2006.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;jadi teori evolusi darwin terjadi di bahasa pemrograman ini&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;evolusi Turbo C++ adalah : Turbo C++  --&amp;gt;   Borland C++   --&amp;gt;   Borland C++ Builder&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
catatan penting yang harus di ingat&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&quot;Bahasa C++ distandarisasi secara internasional oleh ISO/ANSI tahun 1998.
 Dengan demikian Turbo C++ 1.0 sampai Borland C++ 5.02 belum mengacu 
pada perintah-perintah ISO/ANSI C++.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Untuk membuat program C++ 
yang mengacu pada ISO/ANSI C++, dapat menggunakan MinGW C++ (ukuran file
 6 Mb) atau Dev-C++ (ukuran file 6 MB) atau Turbo C++ Explorer (ukuran 
file 320Mb) atau Ms Visual C++ 2008 Express (ukuran file 3 Mb?) yang 
dapat di-download secara gratis dari internet.&quot;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
nah dah bisa diliat kan perbedaan nya...jadi sebelum mendownload program C++, sebaiknya kita tahu dulu mana yang paling kita butuhkan....untuk tahu di mana downloadnya silahkan tanya langsung ke mbah Google, atau ntar saya posting di artikel berikutnya karena upload nya lama banget....&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
CMIIW &amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; Correct Me If Im Wrong yeeeee :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/7224600739250530061/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/7224600739250530061?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7224600739250530061'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/7224600739250530061'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/mana-yang-harus-di-download-turbo-c.html' title='MANA YANG HARUS DI DOWNLOAD Turbo C, Turbo C++, Borland C++, Borland C++ Builder'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNSbMfQVa-f6xzrWqqqJEvcvGx-W7lidlaZVBpGd9YLQmnJGyxcG2s1vgiyM2O4ezg2rWS4rVzJQvIb9RZVkXSMzgGytfnRRBHsk0CTKRQfL_zOut13F3U1bzjEEU3RWiSxJFCZK4F9xh2/s72-c/c==.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-1542598782822973661</id><published>2012-04-20T21:18:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-20T21:18:24.845-07:00</updated><title type='text'>GAK SABARAN NUNGGU EL-CLASICO NTAR MALAM (PREDIKSI KOEMAN) El Barça, és més que un club</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpzMksReEn4AwStoU6NcL5ozB9eHWrQSqFTjHMEY3ZY9_0WUtMbUTMwvAl7_TIy83DeR5QiY6q6gbagLeBRXXW-KrCmXrcb0ZJV0P_dydxx9nrfzeQqXfcmhRWH5oo2AQUMkaqljQSacG0/s1600/index.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpzMksReEn4AwStoU6NcL5ozB9eHWrQSqFTjHMEY3ZY9_0WUtMbUTMwvAl7_TIy83DeR5QiY6q6gbagLeBRXXW-KrCmXrcb0ZJV0P_dydxx9nrfzeQqXfcmhRWH5oo2AQUMkaqljQSacG0/s200/index.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;VIVAbola&lt;/strong&gt; - Laga El-Clasico jild II La Liga musim 
ini, Minggu 22 April 2012, menjadi sorotan penggiat sepakbola Eropa 
tidak terkecuali pelatih Feyenoord, Ronald Koeman. Ia menilai Barcelona 
lebih difavoritkan ketimbang Real Madrid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mantan assiten pelatih 
Barcelona pada 1998 hingga 1999 itu memandang, Barcelona lebih siap 
menatap duel prestius ini. Sementara itu, Madrid yang masih memimpin 
klasemen dihantui keraguan besar saat bertandang ke Camp Nou, pada akhir
 pekan ini.&lt;br /&gt;

Barcelona kini masih duduk di peringkat 2 dengan mengemas 51 poin. 
Namun, Koeman optimistis Azulgrana bisa mengatasi tekanan demi memangkas
 selisih empat angka dengan rival abadinya itu. Jika prediksinya 
terbukti tepat, Madrid akan semakin kesulitan memetik gelar juara liga 
domestik.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhucSIcqVqCfz_m5a10TXzvmUo1tsX5E5aFnJgDTHBN2N5Hjws-qIrwJtL6Iwtx0DuJoteKk8d0jcq5lY2ItH0rbOyf1vCHd1aPiHQDmfQ7WPkV6kdKUWXv6maXPQ591kp2pkVbX9IGnnv7/s1600/images1.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhucSIcqVqCfz_m5a10TXzvmUo1tsX5E5aFnJgDTHBN2N5Hjws-qIrwJtL6Iwtx0DuJoteKk8d0jcq5lY2ItH0rbOyf1vCHd1aPiHQDmfQ7WPkV6kdKUWXv6maXPQ591kp2pkVbX9IGnnv7/s1600/images1.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Di pertemuan pertama awal musim, Barcelona berhasil mengandaskan 
Madrid dengan skor meyakinkan 1-3, pada Desember 2011. &quot;Bila Barca 
menang, itu menjadi pukulan psikologis yang berat bagi Madrid,&quot; kata 
Koemen seperti dilansir Tribal Football. &quot;Barcelona lebih percaya diri 
dan Madrid dilanda keraguan besar.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lantas, bagaimana jalannya 
pertandingan duel klasik nanti dari kacamata Koeman? &quot;Madrid akan 
mengupayakan hasil imbang. Mereka akan bermain konservatif dan mencoba 
bermain dengan tempo rendah, serta mengandalkan serangan balik untuk 
mencetak gol,&quot; ungkap arsitek berkebangsaan Belanda itu.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgHqq93_NYzz93jRGvnGUtcQuA41F77Nny6X8ddwLqYpnJV_eUfSbcvHwAzPesTXAiB9oGcFxrhIsG6Mlvtxkj3mXFnxhdzhtwWGQPaqk4CO6Kn17otpDOLVIc88AsZSAesLCoYcFGXZ8/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgHqq93_NYzz93jRGvnGUtcQuA41F77Nny6X8ddwLqYpnJV_eUfSbcvHwAzPesTXAiB9oGcFxrhIsG6Mlvtxkj3mXFnxhdzhtwWGQPaqk4CO6Kn17otpDOLVIc88AsZSAesLCoYcFGXZ8/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Usai menyoroti duel El-Clasico, Koeman berpendapat kedua kubu akan 
saling tikam di partai final Liga Champions yang berlangsung di Allianz 
Arena, pada 19 Mei mendatang. Padahal, di laga leg 1 semifinal, dua tim 
elite Spanyol itu gagal memetik kemenangan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&quot;Saya yakin, 
Barcelona dan Madrid berada di final. Ini akan menjadi pertandingan 
bagus. Barca akan merubah semuanya di leg 2. Sebab, mereka lebih baik 
dari Chelsea,&quot; imbuhnya.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&quot;Saya juga yakin Barcelona bakalan menang... &quot;VISCA BARACA, &lt;i&gt;El Barça, és més que un club&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/1542598782822973661/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/1542598782822973661?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1542598782822973661'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1542598782822973661'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/gak-sabaran-nunggu-el-clasico-ntar.html' title='GAK SABARAN NUNGGU EL-CLASICO NTAR MALAM (PREDIKSI KOEMAN) El Barça, és més que un club'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpzMksReEn4AwStoU6NcL5ozB9eHWrQSqFTjHMEY3ZY9_0WUtMbUTMwvAl7_TIy83DeR5QiY6q6gbagLeBRXXW-KrCmXrcb0ZJV0P_dydxx9nrfzeQqXfcmhRWH5oo2AQUMkaqljQSacG0/s72-c/index.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-3304671760083918120</id><published>2012-04-20T20:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-20T20:55:12.291-07:00</updated><title type='text'>CONVERTER HEXADESIMAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0h_55jzqE5KHL0LiP2WoSFF45hBxs2vV4kXNkFbcdkqt6r7uVWIyMsAEJq8t057aKabG-RK-10UYq3_oBW2BfYicCv_QmVCnGUvFMofDSeKbyDdy25RFVnubYWZL_rWiANsAHh8OQ2Rj/s1600/HEX_MULT_TABLE.GIF&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0h_55jzqE5KHL0LiP2WoSFF45hBxs2vV4kXNkFbcdkqt6r7uVWIyMsAEJq8t057aKabG-RK-10UYq3_oBW2BfYicCv_QmVCnGUvFMofDSeKbyDdy25RFVnubYWZL_rWiANsAHh8OQ2Rj/s200/HEX_MULT_TABLE.GIF&quot; width=&quot;188&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Hexadesimal...mungkin agak sedikit mumet memikirkan nya,,,,bagi yang doyan matematika sih ini mengasikkan,,,,tapi bagi mahasiswa yang kuliah bagian TI tapi pas SMA ngampil juruan IPS bisa mumet mikirin ini,,,,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
So kita harus nyerah aja gitu ketika harus berhadapan dengan bilangan ini...gak dong...&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
kita kenal dulu ya apa yang di maksud dengan bilangan hexadesimal itu, sengaja ane copy paste bulat2 dari wikipedia supaya gak susah ngejelasin nya....&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Heksadesimal&lt;/b&gt; atau &lt;b&gt;sistem bilangan basis 16&lt;/b&gt; adalah sebuah &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_bilangan&quot; title=&quot;Sistem bilangan&quot;&gt;sistem bilangan&lt;/a&gt; yang menggunakan 16 simbol. Berbeda dengan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal&quot; title=&quot;Sistem bilangan desimal&quot;&gt;sistem bilangan desimal&lt;/a&gt;,
 simbol yang digunakan dari sistem ini adalah angka 0 sampai 9, ditambah
 dengan 6 simbol lainnya dengan menggunakan huruf A hingga F. Sistem 
bilangan ini digunakan untuk menampilkan nilai alamat &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memori_%28komputer%29&quot; title=&quot;Memori (komputer)&quot;&gt;memori&lt;/a&gt; dalam &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemrograman&quot; title=&quot;Pemrograman&quot;&gt;pemrograman komputer&lt;/a&gt;. Nilai desimal yang setara dengan setiap simbol tersebut diperlihatkan pada tabel berikut: &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Konversi&quot;&gt;Konversi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Konversi_dari_heksadesimal_ke_desimal&quot;&gt;Konversi dari heksadesimal ke desimal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Untuk mengkonversinya ke dalam bilangan desimal, dapat menggunakan formula berikut:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dari bilangan heksadesimal &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; yang merupakan untai &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit&quot; title=&quot;Digit&quot;&gt;digit&lt;/a&gt; &lt;img alt=&quot;h_n h_{n-1}...h_2 h_1 h_0&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/9/b/2/9b2ec649eb9b9c316182684c88a7f5a6.png&quot; /&gt;, jika dikonversikan menjadi bilangan desimal &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;, maka:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;D = \sum_{k=0}^{n} h_k \times 16^k&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/7/e/0/7e06c5a575b4eb4148080f3c3fd12b99.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sebagai contoh, bilangan heksa 10E yang akan dikonversi ke dalam bilangan desimal:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digit-digit 10E dapat dipisahkan dan mengganti bilangan A sampai F 
(jika terdapat) menjadi bilangan desimal padanannya. Pada contoh ini, 
10E diubah menjadi barisan: 1,0,14 (E = 14 dalam basis 10)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mengalikan dari tiap digit terhadap nilai tempatnya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;1 \times 16^2 + 0 \times 16^1 + 14 \times 16^0&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/2/b/b/2bb03dca04b207329b0bbc1f64de9d2b.png&quot; /&gt;
&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot; = 256 + 0 + 14&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/f/1/9/f19f3e5e08aa0e9d666a525f0801217d.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot; = 270&quot; class=&quot;tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/math/c/4/0/c4028f8cf50faecf5aa3daf16a47fe28.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dengan demikian, bilangan 10E heksadesimal sama dengan bilangan desimal 270.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Konversi_dari_desimal_ke_heksadesimal&quot;&gt;Konversi dari desimal ke heksadesimal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sedangkan untuk mengkonversi sistem desimal ke heksadesimal caranya 
sebagai berikut (kita gunakan contoh sebelumnya, yaitu angka desimal 
270):&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; 270 dibagi 16 hasil:  16   sisa 14  ( = E )
  16 dibagi 16 hasil:   1   sisa  0  ( = 0 )
   1 dibagi 16 hasil:   0   sisa  1  ( = 1 )
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dari perhitungan di atas, nilai sisa yang diperoleh (jika ditulis 
dari bawah ke atas) akan menghasilkan&amp;nbsp;: 10E yang merupakan hasil 
konversi dari bilangan desimal ke heksadesimal itu.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;gak mudeng juga....pening, mual???ok daripada susah-susah buat ngitung atau mengkonversi bilangan hexadesimal....gunakan aja ni &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.string-functions.com/string-hex.aspx&quot;&gt;aplikasi&lt;/a&gt; gan,,,aplikasi nya friendly user banget...yang penting cuma punya koneksi internet....dan kita cuma tinggal menentukan konversi apa yang kita inginkan...text &amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; hexadesimal atau hexadesimal &amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;text cukup gampang kan...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
selamat mencoba&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
sumber&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksadesimal&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
http://www.string-functions.com/string-hex.aspx&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Konversi&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/3304671760083918120/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/3304671760083918120?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/3304671760083918120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/3304671760083918120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/converter-hexadesimal.html' title='CONVERTER HEXADESIMAL'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0h_55jzqE5KHL0LiP2WoSFF45hBxs2vV4kXNkFbcdkqt6r7uVWIyMsAEJq8t057aKabG-RK-10UYq3_oBW2BfYicCv_QmVCnGUvFMofDSeKbyDdy25RFVnubYWZL_rWiANsAHh8OQ2Rj/s72-c/HEX_MULT_TABLE.GIF" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-5693390512133981633</id><published>2012-04-16T22:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-16T22:46:37.341-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Grafologi: Ilmu Atau Seni Membaca Tulisan Tangan Seseorang</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVxr1FQSJ6fEXKFEBl4VpiyM-y9tcHyUd75Gi90sSeX6h3ci1CQnmX2g7ON1CHxlb07wsMG9nl9UVHofpBQWUT3pJVJmqHfiyDXXWmflgyNCtQmk6FCwpD69tli58qOHqp6B0DOAvN7wMZ/s1600/Naskah+Proklamasi+Kemerdekaan+Tulisan+Tangan.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;229&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVxr1FQSJ6fEXKFEBl4VpiyM-y9tcHyUd75Gi90sSeX6h3ci1CQnmX2g7ON1CHxlb07wsMG9nl9UVHofpBQWUT3pJVJmqHfiyDXXWmflgyNCtQmk6FCwpD69tli58qOHqp6B0DOAvN7wMZ/s320/Naskah+Proklamasi+Kemerdekaan+Tulisan+Tangan.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;asik juga nih, belajar ilmu ini,,,dari bentuk tulisan tangan seseorang aja kita bisa melihat sifat dan karakter seseorang,,,,tapi yang lebih penting kita bisa memahami sifat dan karakter kita sendiri...emang sih tulisan tangan bisa kita rubah2...tapi pada dasar nya ada beberapa bentuk yang gak akan bisa kita rubah krn memang sudah menjadi dasar dari karakter kita sendiri,,,,,well let&#39;s start&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Grafologi adalah ilmu atau 
seni membaca tulisan tangan seseorang.  Mirip seperti dna atau sidik 
jari seseorang, yang punya keunikan tersendiri untuk mencirikan keunikan
 seorang manusia.  Manusia diciptakan memang sangat unik dan tidak ada 
yang sama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;1. Besar Kecilnya Tulisan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Dilihat dari sudut pandang besar kecilnya tulisan 
terdapat empat kriteria penting yaitu : kecil, sedang, besar, dan sangat
 besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tulisan yang berukuran kecil 
menunjukkan sifat pendiam, sering menyendiri tapi punya otak yang 
cemerlang dan pikirannya selalu ilmiah.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tulisan tangan yang ditulis 
kecil-kecil tapi jelas mudah untuk dibaca menunjukkan penulisnya pandai,
 juga punya konsentrasi kuat, walau sayang tipe ini kadang suka sekali 
menonjolkan keilmuannya. Sedangkan jika tulisan tangan kecil dan susah 
membacanya berarti sang penulis adalah orang bertipe mandiri dalam 
hidupnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tulisan tangan sedang, 
mengandung makna bahwa penulisannya adalah orang yang sangat terpaku 
kepada tradisi kuno, atau hal-hal yang bersifat formil modern. Sangat 
jitu dalam penggunaan logika untuk dasar referensi 
keputusan-keputusannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Jenis tulisan tangan yang 
besar menunjukkan besarnya ambisi seseorang namun murah hati dan selalu 
ingin dihargai oleh orang lain, di samping suka melebihkan omong-omongan
 yang kurang perlu. Sedangkan untuk jenis tulisan tangan yang sangat 
besar menunjukkan bahwa penulisnya sangat hati-hati dalam segala hal, 
gemar membuat perhatian bagi sekelilingnya, banyak over aktingnya dalam 
mencari perhatian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;2. Gaya Tulisan.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Dalam spesifikasi Gaya Tulisan ini terbagi ke dalam lima sub. Masing-masing, adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Gaya Sambung Biasa&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Orang yang punya model tulisan begini biasanya senang memberi respon 
pada setiap masalah, bisa menerima ide dari orang lain, mudah bergaul 
dan disenangi teman. Baginya berbakat untuk menjadi seorang pemimpin. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;Gaya Sambung Berbentuk Petak&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mengandung arti penulisnya mudah dipengaruhi, selalu menilai enteng 
setiap persoalan, hingga tindakannya kadang terkesan sembrono, tanpa 
pemikiran matang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Gaya Sambung Berliku&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tulisan yang banyak luka-likunya, mengandung makna bahwa penulisnya 
sangat formil, hati-hati dan sering menonjolkan status, namun umumnya 
sifat mereka pendiam, gemar menyendiri dan biasanya banyak memiliki 
keahlian atau bakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Gaya Lurus dan Lancip&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tulisan tangan model demikian menunjukkan penulisnya orang agresif, 
sangat tekun mengerjakan sesuatu, walau kadang enggan berkompromi dengan
 orang lain. Bila lancipnya pada huruf awal saja maka pertanda dirinya 
orang yang banyak mengalami konflik psikologis, sehingga kadang bersikap
 agresif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Gaya Campuran (dah macam maen bulu tangkis :) )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bentuk tulisan bersambung yang tak karuan menuliskan cepat, dan kadang 
sukar membacanya hal ini mengandung arti bahwa penulisnya adalah orang 
yang biasa berpikir cepat, kreatif tapi paling tersinggung kalau 
dikritik. Bahkan, bila tidak sesuai dengan kehendaknya jangan harap 
orang bisa mendapatkan bantuannya karena dia paling doyan mengelak dalam
 memberi pertolongan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;3. Kemiringan Tulisan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bentuk kemiringan tulisan tangan, apakah itu miring ke kiri atau ke kanan, atau tegak lurus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mereka yang tulisannya miring 
ke kiri menunjukkan penulisnya bersikap tertutup (introvet). Segala 
sesuatu diukur menurut penilainnya sendiri atau menurut ukuran masa 
lampau. Disamping mempunyai sikap konservatif, orang dengan tipe tulisan
 ini sangat individualis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Jenis tulisan miring ke kanan,
 menandakan orang yang ramah, aktif dan bersikap terbuka (extropet), 
berani menghadapi tantangan baru. Dalam bekerja kata hatinya merupakan 
power yang penting, tapi dalam hal yang kurang dikuasai dia lebih banyak
 untuk menanyakan kepada ahlinya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tulisan tangan yang bentuknya 
tegak, mengandung arti bahwa penulisnya adalah tipe orang yang tak suka 
banyak diatur. Baginya dia adalah miliknya sendiri, kebebasan menjadi 
hobinya dalam mengerjakan sesuatu tindakan, namun kontrol diri tidak 
pernah lepas dalam memilah dan memilih hal yang dianggapnya positif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;4. Tekanan Tulisan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bila kita memperhatikan bekas 
tulisan tangan seseorang akan ditemukan tampak goresan tekanan tulisan 
seperti tercetak di baliknya. Dengan memperhatikan bekas goresan yang 
tercetak di balik kertas kita akan dapat mengetahui dan menebak 
bagaimana kepribadian dan tingkah laku si penulisnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tekanan yang halus berarti 
pembawaannya tenang, tapi mudah atau tidaknya dibaca itu bukan 
persoalan. Sedangkan tulisan yang bekas tekanannya tercetak jelas 
dibelakangnya menandakan penulisnya punya sifat kaku dan formal. 
Karenanya orang ini sulit untuk bisa cepat menyesuaikan diri dalam 
pergaulan, namun dia menganggap bersikap demikian penting baginya agar 
dihargai orang lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;5. Bentuk Huruf Awal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Diantara orang ada yang gemar 
memainkan bentuk tulisannya, terutama bentuk awal tulisannya. Beberapa 
ciri dan kecenderungan karakter si penulis adalah sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bentuk Jangkar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disebut bentuk jangkar karena memang huruf awal tulisnya dalam bentuk 
jangkar. Tulisan ini memberi tanda bahwa yang memiliki tulisan cenderung
 bersikap kurang dewasa dan kurang percaya diri dalam menjalani hidup. 
Dia banyak bersikap pasif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bentuk Busur&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disebut bentuk busur karena memang bentuk awalnya membentuk busur 
seperti ditarik. Pemilik tulisan ini biasanya cepat puas dengan hasil 
yang dicapai, dan hidupnya sangat berpandangan kuat akan nilai-nilai 
religius.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bentuk Memanjang&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Huruf awal memanjang yang dituliskan pelan-pelan, menunjukkan bahwa 
orangnya terlalu berhati-hati dalam merencanakan masa depan. Panjanganya
 huruf awal menunjukkan kelambatan kerja dan pemborosan waktu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bentuk memanjang dari bawah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bentuk memanjang dari bawah bila digoreskan secara kilat menunjukkan 
penulisannya orang yang agresif dan cepat menyelesaikan pekerjaan, 
disamping gemar melakukan berbagai eksprimen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Marjin dan Kemiringan Tulisan juga Mengungkap Karakter Seseorang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mengungkapkan kualitas pendidikan dan sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin atas lebar: cenderung menarik diri dan menjaga jarak dengan orang lain, bersifat formal, hormat terhadap orang lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin atas sempit: menyukai formalitas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin bawah 
lebar: rasa takut terhadap seks, idealis, kurang bersahabat, 
mementingkan keterampilan luar, adanya trauma emosional.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin bawah 
sempit: mempunyai naluri suka menimbun, sok akrab, kurang hati-hati, 
sentimental, materialistis, mudah lelah, kurang bisa berkomunikasi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri lebar: latar belakang kebudayaan yang baik, intelejensi, rasa seni, selalu ingin berkembang dan aktif.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri sempit: persahabatan yang tidak pandang bulu, picik, pendiam, hipersensitif, hati-hati, ingin menghindari tekanan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kanan lebar: ketakutan akan masa depan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kanan 
sempit: pendekatan lebih berhati-hati terhadap calon teman dan dunia 
secara umum, kurangnya sikap memilih-milih, murah hati, sembrono, 
ketidaksabaran, ingin segera keluar dari masalah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Rata: memiliki pikiran yang teratur dan mata yang artistik.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Satu halaman penuh tulisan tanpa ada jarak spasi: picik, banyak bicara.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Satu halaman hampir semuanya bermarjin: penakut, tertekan, tidak pernah puas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri acak-acakan: depresi temporer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri semakin melebar ketika tulisan turun: bermakna tulisan cepat dan spontan, kesulitan untuk menggunakan waktu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri semakin menyempit ketika tulisan turun: cenderung memulai tugas yang berani.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin sempit di 
sisi kiri dan kanan: tidak melihat berbagai hal dari segi pandangan 
masyarakat lainnya, tidak melihat dirinya dengan baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Marjin kiri tidak rata: tidak bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan masyarakat, suka melawan, suka menyimpang, tidak disiplin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada marjin: sibuk, berusaha keras, pelit, egois.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;KEMIRINGAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ke kiri: berhubungan dengan masa lalu dan hal-hal yang negatif.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vertikal: berhubungan dengan pengendalian dan formalitas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ke kanan: berhubungan dengan masa depan dan hal-hal yang positif.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Ke kanan: ekstrover, 
kepribadian yang bebas disertai kebutuhan dan kapasitas untuk kontak 
manusiawi, keinginan memberi dan menerima afeksi, mudah berkomunikasi, 
bersahabat, responsif, suportif, kurang sabar, tidak tenang, 
tergesa-gesa, aktif. Positifnya: keaktifan, simpati, kemampuan bergaul. 
Negatifnya: ketidaksabaran, ketergesa-gesaan, kepanikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Terlalu ke kanan:
 makin suka bergaul tetapi dengan kendali emosi yang lebih rendah, mudah
 bosan, mudah gelisah, banyak teman dekat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sedikit ke kanan: membutuhkan orang lain, berpandangan ke luar, ekstrover&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Ke kiri: 
introver, dituntun oleh pikiran ketimbang emosi, mudah tersinggung. 
Positifnya: kontrol diri, sikap hemat, pemikiran yang konservatif. 
Negatifnya: keegoisan, ketakutan terhadap masa depan, mengucilkan diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;Terlalu ke kiri: introspektif, gugup, pemimpi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sedikit ke kiri: banyak menggunakan pikirannya, agak introver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Vertikal: 
independen, tidak ekstrover dan juga tidak introver, tidak tergantung 
pada orang atau sesuatu yang lain. Positifnya: kenetralan, dominasi 
pemikiran, kontrol diri, penjagaan jarak. Negatifnya: keegoisan, tidak 
berbelas kasih, sikap dingin, dan kaku.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bervariasi (ada 
ke kanan, ada ke kiri): kepribadian yang serba guna tetapi kerap tidak 
stabil, mudah berubah, kerap murung, kerap terombang-ambing antara kata 
hati dan kendali (pikiran dan emosi).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tulisan yang dasarnya tetap, 
kuat, dan lurus menunjukkan orang yang suasana hatinya terkendali. Dia 
tidak mudah digoyahkan orang lain dan mempunyai keseimbangan yang baik, 
berterus terang, dan tekun.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turun: berhubungan dengan depresi, lelah, ketidakjujuran, kesedihan, pesimisme&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Datar: berhubungan dengan ketenangan dan stabilitas luar.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Naik: berhubungan dengan penuh harapan, ambisi, kejujuran, aktivitas, motivasi dan sukses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Miring ke atas 
(menaik): menunjukkan ambisi dan optimisme, orang yang teratur, 
berperasaan dan bertanggung jawab, suka bergaul, menyenangkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Menaik tiruan (garis dasar menaik tetapi jatuh pada bagian akhir): mudah menyerah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Miring ke bawah (menurun): menunjukkan pesimisme dan depresi, kelelahan mental dan fisik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Makin tinggi sebuah garis menanjak, makin ambisius dan optimistis. Makin jauh kemiringan ke arah bawah, makin besar pesimisme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Bervariasi: 
mengungkapkan suasana hati, mudah mengesampingkan akal sehat guna 
memberi tempat kepada perasaan. Mungkin dia tidak sabar dan tidak dapat 
diandalkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Membentuk kurva (menaik 
kemudian menurun) atau cembung: mudah menyerah, memulai pekerjaan dengan
 semangat dan antusiasme yang tinggi tetapi kemudian kehilangan 
semangat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Membentuk kalung (menurun 
kemudian menaik) atau cekung: jalan untuk mencapai tujuan, memulai suatu
 pekerjaan dengan semangat dan antusiasme rendah tetapi kemudian sangat 
bersemangat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Lurus: stabil, terkendali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sangat lurus: bertindak dangkal seolah-olah terkendali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tiap kata naik: sedang bahagia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tiap kata turun: tidak bahagia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;sumber : http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=13153398 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Comic Sans MS;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/5693390512133981633/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/5693390512133981633?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5693390512133981633'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5693390512133981633'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/grafologi-ilmu-atau-seni-membaca.html' title='Grafologi: Ilmu Atau Seni Membaca Tulisan Tangan Seseorang'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVxr1FQSJ6fEXKFEBl4VpiyM-y9tcHyUd75Gi90sSeX6h3ci1CQnmX2g7ON1CHxlb07wsMG9nl9UVHofpBQWUT3pJVJmqHfiyDXXWmflgyNCtQmk6FCwpD69tli58qOHqp6B0DOAvN7wMZ/s72-c/Naskah+Proklamasi+Kemerdekaan+Tulisan+Tangan.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-8468596631771928980</id><published>2012-04-16T20:43:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-06-29T13:43:35.581-07:00</updated><title type='text'>(catatan harian kuliah) Mengenal Gerbang Digital dalam Pemrograman Digital</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Berawal dari kesalahan yang saya buat kemarin ketika masuk dalam kelas pemrograman digital, dimana kesalahan yang saya buat ternyata sangat fatal dalam pemrograman digital. kesalahan yang saya buat adalah dengan seenak nya menggambar gerbang di gital tanpa membedakan mana gerbang digital untuk NOT, OR atau AND,,,semua nya satu bentuk saya buat.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Awal nya saya berfikir bahwa itu tidak berpengaruh, karena bagi saya yang paling penting sebenar nya bahwa saya sudah bisa membedakan jenis gerbang digital dan memahami membuat tabel kebenaran saja dengan berapapun jumlah masukkan yang diinginkan...well ternyata itu semua salah secara alur logika nya..&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
berdasarkan alur logika seharusnya,,,gerbang kebenaran adalah langkah kedua sebelum tabel kebenaran dibuat....&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Alur logika sederhana membuat gerbang digital :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tentukan berapa masukkan yang akan di masukkan kedalam gerbang digital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hitung bilangan biner berdasarkan masukkan yg di inginkan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Buat gerbang digital berdasarkan masukkan yg sudah di hitung&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Buat tabel kebenaran berdasarkan gerbang digital yang sudah dibuat dan menggunakan rumus-rumus gerbang digital&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Well alur logikanya sudah dapat, sekarang saat nya kita membedakan bentuk-bentuk gerbang digital&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
saya kasih sedikit penjelasan sebelumnya ya.... :)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Gerbang-gerbang sistem digital atau gerbang digital adalah piranti yang memiliki keadaan bertaraf logika. gerbang logika dapat merepresentasikan keadaan dari bilangan biner. Terdapat dua keadaan dalam gerbang logika, yaitu 0 dan 1. Tegangan yang digunakan dalam gerbang logika adalah HIGH (1) dan LOW (0). &lt;/b&gt;So untuk apa sih sebenar nya tegangan high dan low tersebut???&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sebuah Komputer itu disusun dari gerbang logika dasar yang kompleks beserta turunan nya...jadi komputer itu gak akan bisa bekerja (input-process-output) tanpa ada nya gerbang digital ini...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Kalau di kelompokkan terdapat 2 bentuk Gerbang Digital :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gerbang Logika Dasar (AND, OR dan NOT)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gerbang Turunan (NAND, NOR, (e)XOR&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;dan (e)XNOR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dua gerbang ini pada dasarnya sebagai penyusun dari &lt;b&gt;Gerbang Universal&lt;/b&gt; untuk membentuk satu Gerbang Digital Kompleks.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;GERBANG LOGIKA DASAR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;1. AND&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang AND memiliki karakteristik logika di mana
 jika input yang masuk adalah bernilai 0, maka hasil outputnya pasti 
akan bernilai 0. Jika kedua input diberi nilai 1, maka hasil output akan
 bernilai 1 pula. Logika gerbang AND bisa diumpamakan sebagai sebuah 
rangkaian dengan dua buah saklar yang disusun secara seri. Jika salah 
satunya memutuskan hubungan rangkaian, maka hasil yang dikeluarkan dari 
rangkaian tersebut adalah 0. Tidak peduli saklar manapun yang diputuskan
 maka hasil akhirnya adalah 0. Ketika kedua buah saklar terhubung dengan
 rangkaian bersamaan, maka hasil akhirnya barulah bernilai 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;2. OR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang OR digambarkan sebagai Gerbang Penjumlah.
 Gerbang OR berbeda dengan gerbang NOT yang hanya memiliki satu input, 
gerbang ini memiliki paling sedikit 2 jalur input. Artinya inputnya bisa
 lebih dari dua, misalnya empat atau delapan. Yang jelas adalah semua 
gerbang logika selalu  mempunyai hanya satu output. Gerbang OR dapat 
dikatakan memiliki karakteristik “memihak 1”, di mana karakteristik 
logikanya akan selalu mengeluarkan hasil output bernilai 1 apabila ada 
satu saja input yang bernilai 1. Jadi gerbang logika ini tidak peduli 
berapa nilai input pada kedua sisinya, asalkan salah satunya atau 
kedua-duanya bernilai 1, maka outputnya pasti juga akan bernilai 1. 
Logika gerbang OR ini dapat diumpamakan sebagai sebuah rangkaian dengan 
dua buah saklar yang terpasang secara paralel.&lt;br /&gt;Apabila salah satu 
saklar memutuskan  hubungan (bernilai 0), maka output-nya tetaplah 
bernilai 1 karena input yang lain tidak akan terputus hubungannya dengan
 output. Apabila kedua input bernilai 0, maka output barulah benar-benar
 terputus atau bernilai 0. Jika keduanya bernilai 1, maka output juga 
akan bernilai 1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfHQJ9ZDUPCSjxQxswnz5KEX1tOiNZCT2i3EGyHYHG0_4cPQ7WY-xyqya6L0Qcs_tDfLzkEg-3JcQUL3i5bPrdFVroROroCO-rR7t5ItRHKTHgeYAk2Q2TNg5NNSMwMx-5vjnjAsTFt6QF/s1600/gerbang-or.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;290&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfHQJ9ZDUPCSjxQxswnz5KEX1tOiNZCT2i3EGyHYHG0_4cPQ7WY-xyqya6L0Qcs_tDfLzkEg-3JcQUL3i5bPrdFVroROroCO-rR7t5ItRHKTHgeYAk2Q2TNg5NNSMwMx-5vjnjAsTFt6QF/s320/gerbang-or.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;3. NOT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang NOT sering disebut juga dengan istilah 
inverter atau pembalik. Logika dari gerbang ini adalah membalik apa yang
 di-input ke dalamnya. Biasanya input-nya hanya terdiri dari satu kaki 
saja. Ketika input yang masuk adalah 1, maka hasil output-nya adalah 0. 
Jika input yang masuk adalah 0, maka hasil output-nya adalah 1. Banyak 
sekali penerapan gerbang NOT ini pada rangkaian digital, meskipun 
fungsinya sangat sederhana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSOBg6lCPD6G_wLlBEBUkUEK61C5jeTjCQf0TdJH0IhgcU13Opn0SdIgKfpW0ufm9NAAms7uqnTTUvY-BRpcOdq9Y71cwYByelRBLobw5aNuNwL9AcrCohruLHpJU63BZjHtlg9Ic1FVRp/s1600/gerbang-not.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;274&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSOBg6lCPD6G_wLlBEBUkUEK61C5jeTjCQf0TdJH0IhgcU13Opn0SdIgKfpW0ufm9NAAms7uqnTTUvY-BRpcOdq9Y71cwYByelRBLobw5aNuNwL9AcrCohruLHpJU63BZjHtlg9Ic1FVRp/s320/gerbang-not.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;GERBANG TURUNAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;1. NAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang logika NAND merupakan modifikasi yang 
dilakukan pada gerbang AND  dengan menambahkan gerbang NOT didalam 
prosesnya. Maka itu, mengapa gerbang ini dinamai NAND atau NOTAND. 
Logika NAND benar-benar merupakan kebalikan dari apa yang dihasilkan 
oleh gerbang AND. Di dalam gerbang logika NAND, jika salah satu input 
atau keduanya bernilai 0 maka hasil output-nya adalah 1. Jika kedua 
input bernilai 1 maka hasil output-nya adalah 0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHUPR131AYYPs8ozSm27fnaKrbTxJSQIdHoUQA5lTUxDENyynuCM3WAk_GiCt9G09vwB7e2C4eUjhWwBloBfemRCrtgyhSnYI2rvGIoQ-BEPcSzfVIvywxSEnZpuW-pxZgVri05LQQl4r/s1600/nand.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHUPR131AYYPs8ozSm27fnaKrbTxJSQIdHoUQA5lTUxDENyynuCM3WAk_GiCt9G09vwB7e2C4eUjhWwBloBfemRCrtgyhSnYI2rvGIoQ-BEPcSzfVIvywxSEnZpuW-pxZgVri05LQQl4r/s320/nand.jpg&quot; width=&quot;266&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;2. NOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang NOR atau NOT-OR juga merupakan kebalikan 
dari gerbang logika OR. Semua input atau salah satu input bernilai 1, 
maka output-nya akan bernilai 0. Jika kedua input bernilai 0, maka 
output-nya akan bernilai 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKCvF1Wv4yoFH66gistKM9gxj2nPYFV4i_j-vevpdCsWfsc4G1DTXm8z0AC88xs9ofT6lo7bSaqLzv3U61XFxLsbbKIsggvtNqRJBULhB0xZlCvEeniqdxnEwXLq2BhOs5UuT2Qd3uRmt/s1600/nor.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;306&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKCvF1Wv4yoFH66gistKM9gxj2nPYFV4i_j-vevpdCsWfsc4G1DTXm8z0AC88xs9ofT6lo7bSaqLzv3U61XFxLsbbKIsggvtNqRJBULhB0xZlCvEeniqdxnEwXLq2BhOs5UuT2Qd3uRmt/s320/nor.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;(e)XOR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang XOR merupakan singkatan dari kata 
Exclusive-OR. Sesuai dengan namanya, gerbang logika ini merupakan versi 
modifikasi dari gerbang OR. Jika pada gerbang OR Anda akan mendapatkan 
hasil output yang serba 1 jika salah satu input atau keduanya bernilai 
1, tidak demikian dengan XOR. Gerbang logika ini hanya akan mengeluarkan
 hasil output bernilai 1 jika  hanya salah satu input saja yang bernilai
 1. Maksudnya jika kedua input bernilai 1, maka hasil output-nya 
tetaplah 0.&lt;br /&gt;Jadi dengan demikian, logika XOR tidak akan membiarkan kedua input bernilai sama. Jika sama, maka hasil output-nya adalah 0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8fB1rscnjiLcrbkSbVcuuC7uyDnp_iuj4j0eKENL3LIU6ns1zIbLnFjMqxH2bIbWIinzUzidrFsUPM9jM0MgYBWqhGPGxYSDMG9a4qAwYrPlXgFyPCBM-js-Fso68DBgzYDPWlSYJJoq/s1600/XOR.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;141&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8fB1rscnjiLcrbkSbVcuuC7uyDnp_iuj4j0eKENL3LIU6ns1zIbLnFjMqxH2bIbWIinzUzidrFsUPM9jM0MgYBWqhGPGxYSDMG9a4qAwYrPlXgFyPCBM-js-Fso68DBgzYDPWlSYJJoq/s320/XOR.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;4. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;(e)XNOR&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;Gerbang XNOR atau Exclusive NOR ini mungkin tidak
 terlalu sering terdengar, namun aplikasinya cukup lumayan penting juga.
 Gerbang logika XNOR memiliki kerja  ebalikan dari XOR. Jika pada 
gerbang logika XNOR terdapat dua input yang sama, maka gerbang XNOR akan
 mengeluarkan hasil output bernilai 1. Namun jika salah satunya saja 
yang berbeda, maka nilai output pastilah bernilai 0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQimNP32wVeZg8IdbB6Z0zEuJAuzuWG0CcVqEjTQUd_udZzXrLYJuLvRBB6LbW6cpEFThXOgBomNg4EaZ2JK4kgJxKwt1Zf0TkAWbMFnoPZUIpkiizcy3IoOtQcd3FMYER4l0Kjn72ikiv/s1600/XNOR.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;141&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQimNP32wVeZg8IdbB6Z0zEuJAuzuWG0CcVqEjTQUd_udZzXrLYJuLvRBB6LbW6cpEFThXOgBomNg4EaZ2JK4kgJxKwt1Zf0TkAWbMFnoPZUIpkiizcy3IoOtQcd3FMYER4l0Kjn72ikiv/s320/XNOR.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;catatan penting : menggambar gerbang logika harus seuai dengan aturan gambar gerbang logika,,,krn perbedaan bentuk akan merubah logika....&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;fullpost&quot;&gt;saya yakin bahwa pertemuan berikutnya pasti akan membahas tentang Rangkaian Terintegrasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;Yaitu Bagaimana menggabungkan beberapa gerbang logika menjadi satu...tapi krn belum saya pelajari ya ntar aja saya tulis kalau sudah saya pelajari yah :) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/8468596631771928980/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/8468596631771928980?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8468596631771928980'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8468596631771928980'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/mengenal-gerbang-digital-dalam.html' title='(catatan harian kuliah) Mengenal Gerbang Digital dalam Pemrograman Digital'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWIazI3FYVkcQYZL7CPIy1wD_G0FGmZJpHkqwQd_VW_tUfoyBdyjo0bvHzMe8V9xSA6AGMbzNhoLQMVkK6YK0XB6NAP85m-VPur6VV3fRiKQwWZR3U_TobuNutJXMWmXNN1YQU-LpY6NzW/s72-c/and.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-6240512428300557737</id><published>2012-04-14T14:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-14T14:36:02.599-07:00</updated><title type='text'>[SHARE] Mengatasi LAN (Local Area Network) Bermasalah - Fix Up</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrwo5nJYd7AcS1zfypBJpCMEDb4pW4sF4XUOntRc1a_nkZxyig5-c4sXFlS3okhZvonpO4bKygtIr8cgb6jnQfcO790ibYQ2d-Q6PwaroKvG56a60CqvwJ54p5qHcfo3vk90fAEsOuyZ0Y/s1600/winsock-fix.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrwo5nJYd7AcS1zfypBJpCMEDb4pW4sF4XUOntRc1a_nkZxyig5-c4sXFlS3okhZvonpO4bKygtIr8cgb6jnQfcO790ibYQ2d-Q6PwaroKvG56a60CqvwJ54p5qHcfo3vk90fAEsOuyZ0Y/s1600/winsock-fix.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Memiliki komputer yang terhubung dalam jaringan lokal atau Local Area 
Network (LAN) memang banyak keuntungannya, bisa untuk berbagi file, 
berbagi printer, bahkan juga berbagi modem untuk koneksi internet. Namun
 ada kalanya komputer anda tiba-tiba tidak bisa terhubung (connect) 
dengan jaringan. Penyebabnya bisa bermacam-macam, akibat kerusakan fisik
 misalnya:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Kabel UTP rusak akibat digigit tikus atau tertindih meja atau sering 
terinjak-injak (karena tidak dilindungi kabel dack atau pipa PVC)&lt;br /&gt;
- Proses terminasi (crimping) yang kurang baik sehingga connector RJ45 
kurang kuat “mencengkeram” kabel, yang menyebabkan koneksi jadi 
putus-nyambung&lt;br /&gt;
- Network Interface Card (NIC) rusak&lt;br /&gt;
- Port di switch (hub) ada yang rusak&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cara mengatasinya harus sabar dan telaten. Periksa satu demi satu 
kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang ada. Namun kalau ternyata setelah dicoba 
semua kemungkinan tersebut masih juga belum menyelesaikan masalah, maka 
kemungkinan ada masalah secara software. Bisa jadi karena registry yang 
rusak (corrupt) akibat virus, malware, spyware, atau karena instalasi 
software yang tidak jelas asal-usulnya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, anda bisa gunakan sebuah tool yang sangat 
bermanfaat untuk mengatasi masalah jaringan, yakni Winsock XP Fix. 
Program ini bisa anda gunakan jika anda mengalami masalah setelah 
menghapus software yang berhubungan dengan jaringan (network), Adware, 
Firewall, atau setelah melakukan pembersihan registry. Selain itu, anda 
bisa juga mem-backup registry dengan menggunakan Winsock XP Fix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Silahkan anda download Di Mediafire &lt;a href=&quot;http://download760.media*fire..com/1w9nq2wg7h2g/mjhkyzij32o/WinsockxpFix.exe&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ini&lt;/a&gt; &lt;b&gt;(Size 1.38 Mb)&lt;/b&gt;
 Setelah itu lakukan proses instalasi, dan jalankan program tersebut. 
Setelah menekan tombol FIX, program akan otomatis melakukan perbaikan 
yang diperlukan. Setelah selesai, restart komputer anda dan jangan lupa 
berdoa.. Jika semua lancar, koneksi komputer anda akan kembali seperti 
sedia kala....&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;jgn lupa di Back up sebelum dan sesudahnya/system restore,krena ini menyangkut registry pd windowsXP hahahaha&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=11539948&quot;&gt;sumber&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/6240512428300557737/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/6240512428300557737?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6240512428300557737'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6240512428300557737'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/share-mengatasi-lan-local-area-network.html' title='[SHARE] Mengatasi LAN (Local Area Network) Bermasalah - Fix Up'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrwo5nJYd7AcS1zfypBJpCMEDb4pW4sF4XUOntRc1a_nkZxyig5-c4sXFlS3okhZvonpO4bKygtIr8cgb6jnQfcO790ibYQ2d-Q6PwaroKvG56a60CqvwJ54p5qHcfo3vk90fAEsOuyZ0Y/s72-c/winsock-fix.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-1097308758833565879</id><published>2012-04-13T12:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-13T12:22:17.729-07:00</updated><title type='text'>map DotA 6.74 Ai 1.3</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-E9vmkYdH5kJQeDuYrQ3r7vO7eRpUVD8rHVqEpqqSv45oB-b3ORa210CW5nXpvUlprik8ROcR97cAb2dYYBN0rgCr1srFZLhE_yZNNrxHbxNPtPvSaacwimewrMPhN8sRn1m8IXHphre/s1600/index.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-E9vmkYdH5kJQeDuYrQ3r7vO7eRpUVD8rHVqEpqqSv45oB-b3ORa210CW5nXpvUlprik8ROcR97cAb2dYYBN0rgCr1srFZLhE_yZNNrxHbxNPtPvSaacwimewrMPhN8sRn1m8IXHphre/s1600/index.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;hai sobat para DotA lovers....map DotA versi Ai terbaru sudah release...ada penambahan 4 hero baru yang di sesuaikan dengan map championsip 6.74... bagi yang mau map nya bisa langsung di download...load the map and hope u enjoy ur game.....&lt;br /&gt;
langsung download map nya di &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?6icha071rw1xddn&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/1097308758833565879/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/1097308758833565879?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1097308758833565879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1097308758833565879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/map-dota-674-ai-13.html' title='map DotA 6.74 Ai 1.3'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-E9vmkYdH5kJQeDuYrQ3r7vO7eRpUVD8rHVqEpqqSv45oB-b3ORa210CW5nXpvUlprik8ROcR97cAb2dYYBN0rgCr1srFZLhE_yZNNrxHbxNPtPvSaacwimewrMPhN8sRn1m8IXHphre/s72-c/index.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-6226029533812191186</id><published>2012-04-13T09:35:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-13T09:36:10.825-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Teknologi Terbaru 2012 : Meja Masa Depan</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUq2DKOt8TCve7gWrGtgoWO0UWo6WWuRBuE0uZoFz4NStx_6z51I_YOAIaAYt3A_YrfoYe0dE7MeoOTiiHkWvU3eujHb7lFnqzm7q_TVDrH-NGo4Bjf_1U3YBs_p57qIDwJxq6k1ydQz5q/s1600/11.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUq2DKOt8TCve7gWrGtgoWO0UWo6WWuRBuE0uZoFz4NStx_6z51I_YOAIaAYt3A_YrfoYe0dE7MeoOTiiHkWvU3eujHb7lFnqzm7q_TVDrH-NGo4Bjf_1U3YBs_p57qIDwJxq6k1ydQz5q/s320/11.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Sobat mungkin sudah sering melihat video maupun film yang menampilkan 
kecanggihan teknologi terbaru untuk masa depan. Tapi apa jadinya jika 
hal tersebut menjadi nyata dan bisa sobat miliki? Saat ini mungkin 
fungsi meja bagi sobat hanya sebagai peralatan rumah tangga untuk 
meletakkan peralatan tulis menulis atau sekedar pengisi interior 
ruangan. Pada awal tahun 2011, beredar kabar munculnya teknologi tv 
hologram. Tapi baru-baru ini, dipenghujung tahun 2011, Microsoft membuat
 sebuah terobosan dengan teknologi yang diberi nama Microsoft Surface, 
dimana sebuah kombinasi antara meja, komputer, kamera, serta touch 
sensivity berukuran sebesar yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk 
berinteraksi untuk berbagai aktivitas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pada meja besar yang menggunakan LCD touch screen 40 inci, Microsoft 
menempatkan sebuah smartphone pada layar, seketika Microsoft Surface 
akan mengenali perangkat tersebut dan menampilkan informasi mengenai 
perangkat serta memungkinkan untuk memilih model yang berbeda. Kabarnya,
 Microsoft telah mengkonfirmasi harga terbaru untuk meja masa depan yang
 akan mereka rilis pada tahun 2012 nanti di pasar Amerika sebesar 
$8.900.&lt;br /&gt;
Seperti halnya Microsoft Surface, teknologi terbaru untuk masa depan 
lainnya, sebuah meja interaktif, EXOdesk, memungkinkan sobat untuk 
melakukan semua aktivitas pada virtual space. EXOdesk sebenarnya 
merupakan sebuah tabletop computer yang menawarkan layar high definition
 40 inci, di mana kita bisa memanipulasi virtual object dengan menyentuh
 dan dragging. EXOdesk akan dirilis pada tahun 2012 mendatang dengan 
harga $1,299.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pada video dibawah ini bisa sobat saksikan penampakan kecanggihan 
teknologi terbaru untuk masa depan dengan tampilan virtual keyboard, RSS
 feed stream, simulasi permainan piano, dan aplikasi untuk permukaan 
tabletop.&amp;nbsp;
   
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=13285202&quot;&gt;sumber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
untuk liat video nya bisa di &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dlUi3DnrzA&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&quot;&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/6226029533812191186/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/6226029533812191186?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6226029533812191186'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/6226029533812191186'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/teknologi-terbaru-2012-meja-masa-depan.html' title='Teknologi Terbaru 2012 : Meja Masa Depan'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUq2DKOt8TCve7gWrGtgoWO0UWo6WWuRBuE0uZoFz4NStx_6z51I_YOAIaAYt3A_YrfoYe0dE7MeoOTiiHkWvU3eujHb7lFnqzm7q_TVDrH-NGo4Bjf_1U3YBs_p57qIDwJxq6k1ydQz5q/s72-c/11.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-4937371882722182982</id><published>2012-04-13T09:31:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-13T09:35:46.549-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Teknologi terbaru !!!MAU BELI ? Kayanya harus nabung dulu :(</title><content type='html'>mau share beberapa teknologi terbaru...niat untuk beli tinggi tapi kayak nya harus nabung pastinya hehe :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHeKtyNFh383cGRmYYpCqMxd4pRcT5r-KZIgti2aFf7W7t8IRbvTXcRPuWp0QHoxaaokrNRou-8yJW8IyBqEzIn2-w5Kw2l5E_kOUu5uhprFh-Hde2WFcnD5lxL2Loa_oiIMK8GjQSqN3T/s1600/OxBL.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHeKtyNFh383cGRmYYpCqMxd4pRcT5r-KZIgti2aFf7W7t8IRbvTXcRPuWp0QHoxaaokrNRou-8yJW8IyBqEzIn2-w5Kw2l5E_kOUu5uhprFh-Hde2WFcnD5lxL2Loa_oiIMK8GjQSqN3T/s320/OxBL.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
1.Skinny Ripper adalah sebuah alat CD Ripper dengan teknologi terbaru 
yang tidak hanya memudahkan dalam hal mengkonversi lagu dari CD ke dalam
 hardisk tetapi sekaligus juga mudah untuk didengar di segala macam 
gadget.&lt;br /&gt;
Kita cukup memasukkan CD lagu ke dalamnya, otomatis lagu akan di-rip ke 
hardisk berkapasitas 1 TB di dalamnya dan dengan bantuan koneksi 
internet (LAN), semua lagu akan otomatis terisi datanya (judul lagu, 
artis dan cover).&lt;br /&gt;
Skinny Ripper akan dijual akhir Febuari ini dengan harga £ 665,83 (sekitar Rp. 9 juta).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9DAAHmPec4Q_AOE7GKgJpJFM55o9L0XtEqz0x0jdg6IMF9eNyCAm9dRH2tgp-w2JMxwrpwW8agjhzyCodCvevSBkZrtEqp5z8lCFUvchAsgufTptlorkoH47agek1AGoPQkYpJ2V3oAbe/s1600/2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9DAAHmPec4Q_AOE7GKgJpJFM55o9L0XtEqz0x0jdg6IMF9eNyCAm9dRH2tgp-w2JMxwrpwW8agjhzyCodCvevSBkZrtEqp5z8lCFUvchAsgufTptlorkoH47agek1AGoPQkYpJ2V3oAbe/s320/2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2.Finder merupakan sebuah teknologi RFID yang berfungsi untuk menemukan 
segala macam yang sering kita lupa taruh dimana, mulai dari kunci, HP, 
dompet dan lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;
Cara kerjanya sederhana yaitu dengan menempelkan stiker kecil dengan 
RFID di dalamnya ke benda yang sering kita lupa taruh dimana kemudian 
setelah tertempel, kita mendaftarkan RFID tersebut ke alat pencari yang 
ada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUpzvcUIZYmkbhXVd9uuI9d5PygEewPWx6EdeEFKVivcwRvJ_r00X3iaZ8DqHPZ-Ofa_KxKJ1fBC_8n0sAHt1sDN131D2ktJZpgQr1pfmI7tR3XPvrSGjpfo0s0cPmjmZuh6kPNHnXupaT/s1600/3.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUpzvcUIZYmkbhXVd9uuI9d5PygEewPWx6EdeEFKVivcwRvJ_r00X3iaZ8DqHPZ-Ofa_KxKJ1fBC_8n0sAHt1sDN131D2ktJZpgQr1pfmI7tR3XPvrSGjpfo0s0cPmjmZuh6kPNHnXupaT/s320/3.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.XDModo Solar Window Charger adalah alat isi ulang baterai dengan panel
 surya yang punya sedikit cara berbeda dalam hal meletakkan panel surya 
untuk mendapatkan sinar matahari.&lt;br /&gt;
XDModo Solar Window Charger dijual dengan harga 49.95 Euro (sekitar Rp. 600 ribuan).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgacaZtbDTjGRa01oN1wAnu3-HpmPOoFzd-AMQMFM1EYEh8Te0scNnwyEF5IxuwASGB2D_uG8fhi0z5VuB5K4fYTMDJ_lGSqaEjW7oPDi-q1IYAYC6vOjf82dkZwn23BsemqMvN1nNS5_De/s1600/4.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;250&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgacaZtbDTjGRa01oN1wAnu3-HpmPOoFzd-AMQMFM1EYEh8Te0scNnwyEF5IxuwASGB2D_uG8fhi0z5VuB5K4fYTMDJ_lGSqaEjW7oPDi-q1IYAYC6vOjf82dkZwn23BsemqMvN1nNS5_De/s320/4.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.Manset buatan Ravi Ratan ini apabila dibuka terdapat sebuah USB 
Flashdrive dengan kapasitas 2 GB plus bisa berfungsi sebagai Wi-Fi 
Hotspot sekaligus.&lt;br /&gt;
Memang bukan barang murah apalagi ditambah bahan besi dan perak berkualitas, manset ini dijual dengan harga US$ 250 per pasang.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwOwdQuRx2ZGmjvGmsqkiKtfQ-xK-9daAtg9chKB0YT0oadn5n-4zKX_XkXcXd0ECiNfOhbzkrY1ygsp6G4ZWJfd1t6yNaoBVCVN9xgAdD-0q9zCO_Jgl1vApURIXkaPDe00rBgvxcmDK/s1600/5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;317&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwOwdQuRx2ZGmjvGmsqkiKtfQ-xK-9daAtg9chKB0YT0oadn5n-4zKX_XkXcXd0ECiNfOhbzkrY1ygsp6G4ZWJfd1t6yNaoBVCVN9xgAdD-0q9zCO_Jgl1vApURIXkaPDe00rBgvxcmDK/s320/5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.Chocolate Scented Headphones dari Fu-Bi adalah sebuah headphone dengan
 disain warna coklat dan bentuk di bagian headphone juga punya bentuk 
coklat.&lt;br /&gt;
Chocolate Scented Headphones dijual dengan harga 5.800 Yen (sekitar Rp. 650.000).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU_3AQjlaPD4QQCdCqEhhrrib2jl12aXXdlEIwi77uAt-lch_JKH3UeT7Wv4LE6-64gCtmWDsfNT0EjK3d1MJz8yvcegEtxZ0SsSZWo0nQol8xbIqWbE8vSb1Y7o7lxFj1a2XmdSVhYVXL/s1600/6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;181&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU_3AQjlaPD4QQCdCqEhhrrib2jl12aXXdlEIwi77uAt-lch_JKH3UeT7Wv4LE6-64gCtmWDsfNT0EjK3d1MJz8yvcegEtxZ0SsSZWo0nQol8xbIqWbE8vSb1Y7o7lxFj1a2XmdSVhYVXL/s320/6.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
6.Plextor PlexEasy adalah DVD burner yang bisa digunakan tanpa sebuah PC
 dan hebatnya lagi di dalamnya sudah ada pembaca kartu memori (card 
reader) plus sebuah koneksi USB.&lt;br /&gt;
Itu artinya kita bisa membackup data yang ada di kartu memori (mendukung kartu SD) langsung ke sebuah DVD tanpa harus .&lt;br /&gt;
tersambung dengan komputer.&lt;br /&gt;
Plextor PlexEasy akan diluncurkan kuartal pertama tahun ini tetapi belum ada informasi harga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj93KXNE8AtQBhwWVFXBcmwnNCfgQx3mCOwpC6mU7Z0mnf1R_3qlyKzvqY5-DEZf3g-CKGOy7MvlYfSjYlrJvwA7AX5FaJkd0LQs_uAmVEgZnc5KYwidNT1LxS1ZF3b-xJnNycyNRloPiJl/s1600/7.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;182&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj93KXNE8AtQBhwWVFXBcmwnNCfgQx3mCOwpC6mU7Z0mnf1R_3qlyKzvqY5-DEZf3g-CKGOy7MvlYfSjYlrJvwA7AX5FaJkd0LQs_uAmVEgZnc5KYwidNT1LxS1ZF3b-xJnNycyNRloPiJl/s320/7.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.Powerbag adalah sebuah tas dengan beberapa jenis mulai dari messenger,
 backpack sampai koper yang sudah terintegrasi dengan baterai isi ulang 
yang bisa mengisi ulang beberapa gadget sekaligus.&lt;br /&gt;
Di dalam Powerbag tersedia sebuah baterai berkapasitas cukup besar yaitu
 6000 mAh dan kalau belum cukup, bisa diganti dengan yang 9.000 mAh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg74Fo0T18T6uNutCEZdvgLlcYkFuyU3kyd9GGq7Gldr-kIHKwCryybNWn02cuvzewm3EJ7j_jXzgeeBLND3wDrdZ7WEep1x24ce4yAgEv0z9_eJTWKYU7YWRxadrRRj67PHOMYUK_82XyR/s1600/8.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;256&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg74Fo0T18T6uNutCEZdvgLlcYkFuyU3kyd9GGq7Gldr-kIHKwCryybNWn02cuvzewm3EJ7j_jXzgeeBLND3wDrdZ7WEep1x24ce4yAgEv0z9_eJTWKYU7YWRxadrRRj67PHOMYUK_82XyR/s320/8.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.QP LightPad adalah gadget seukuran kertas ukuran A4 yang bisa mengubah
 ponsel anda menjadi sebuah notebook dan juga sebuah proyektor.&lt;br /&gt;
Uniknya disini, LightPad memanfaatkan teknologi Pico Projector untuk 
mentransfer gambar ke sebuah layar berukuran 11 inch dengan meletakkan 
proyektor tersebut di bagian belakang.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxYgJoSHSN1J8PxH20SZ5KYUMzfGqdc5JsxXvtY5PSiFNO8lP_z8S8LMlmvd2awertsQTiPYAod12gh7eRTzTkxwJGnIoVTFgQF0ilUL_sRfBHv9xod6H3cBl03b4dz1WFOgPv6B6JS7Hk/s1600/9.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;258&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxYgJoSHSN1J8PxH20SZ5KYUMzfGqdc5JsxXvtY5PSiFNO8lP_z8S8LMlmvd2awertsQTiPYAod12gh7eRTzTkxwJGnIoVTFgQF0ilUL_sRfBHv9xod6H3cBl03b4dz1WFOgPv6B6JS7Hk/s320/9.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.Plantronics Marque M155 adalah sebuah Bluetooth headset yang bisa 
membuat anda update status di Facebook atau nge-tweet di Twitter hanya 
dengan perintah suara (voice commands).&lt;br /&gt;
Melalui fitur yang disebut Vocalyst voice service, kita cukup ngomong 
aja ke headset ini untuk update status atau nge-tweet dan perintah suara
 ini bisa juga digunakan untuk keperluan lainnya seperti menjawab 
panggilan telpon, balas email atau SMS sampai cek laporan cuaca.&lt;br /&gt;
Plantronics Marque M155 akan dijual dengan harga US$ 60 (sekitar Rp. 500 ribu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2xUwFzIeHZgEQS3wgwl5lOVRHP3Ljf2PlUCfYbpX7H1vw1o9Vi5ZnISiBKrzT-O_685E59RTEVmVTZOoXQAUdVJh4ddux5A8SPgLkGxiu8QDtBteW8_ef2WaG7sizEiyqjUUxyp9PI2o/s1600/10.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;274&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2xUwFzIeHZgEQS3wgwl5lOVRHP3Ljf2PlUCfYbpX7H1vw1o9Vi5ZnISiBKrzT-O_685E59RTEVmVTZOoXQAUdVJh4ddux5A8SPgLkGxiu8QDtBteW8_ef2WaG7sizEiyqjUUxyp9PI2o/s320/10.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10.monoDO voice controlled USB Fan adalah sebuah kipas angin USB yang punya fitur voice controlled di dalamnya.&lt;br /&gt;
Fitur yang satu ini cocok banget buat orang malas, sampai-sampai anda 
hanya perlu bicara untuk mematikan atau menyalakan kipas angin USB yang 
satu ini dan tidak butuh tangan anda untuk menekan tombol .kipas angin 
USB ini dijual dengan harga 2.980 Yen (sekitar Rp. 300.000). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=13215931&quot;&gt;sumber&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/4937371882722182982/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/4937371882722182982?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/4937371882722182982'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/4937371882722182982'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/teknologi-terbaru-mau-beli-kayanya.html' title='Teknologi terbaru !!!MAU BELI ? Kayanya harus nabung dulu :('/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHeKtyNFh383cGRmYYpCqMxd4pRcT5r-KZIgti2aFf7W7t8IRbvTXcRPuWp0QHoxaaokrNRou-8yJW8IyBqEzIn2-w5Kw2l5E_kOUu5uhprFh-Hde2WFcnD5lxL2Loa_oiIMK8GjQSqN3T/s72-c/OxBL.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-1689025869484547752</id><published>2012-04-13T09:14:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-13T22:10:01.805-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Teknologi Terbaru : Tempat Sampah Pintar dengan LCD Display</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_M4ElOngZRz2rgGJJqKL8vcu5Ja3aS7yto7zvMcGr5tZq7yAD9rsYVWz90JCaDE7X87u8nf0lboi5PGst6uik4c2EQj4V2dIzutD9BEbOtEERnx2qzOHAMcpp5_A3GL3PZ9pFkdlcKsRA/s1600/xta2eor2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_M4ElOngZRz2rgGJJqKL8vcu5Ja3aS7yto7zvMcGr5tZq7yAD9rsYVWz90JCaDE7X87u8nf0lboi5PGst6uik4c2EQj4V2dIzutD9BEbOtEERnx2qzOHAMcpp5_A3GL3PZ9pFkdlcKsRA/s200/xta2eor2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;90&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Kini LCD tidak hanya akan &#39;nempel&#39; di laptop maupun smartphone. Berkat 
kecanggihan teknologi yang akan merambah tahun 2012 ini, sebuah tempat 
sampah yang biasanya hanya berfungsi untuk membuang kotoran-kotoran atau
 sisa-sisa barang bekas maupun makanan pun akan segera merasakan 
kecanggihan teknologi terbaru saat ini. Beberapa waktu lalu di pusat 
kota London, Inggris, warga dikejutkan dengan adanya sebuah tempat 
sampah yang dilengkapi dengan LCD Display layaknya sebuah smartphone 
besar. Bedanya, perangkat besar yang memiliki LCD Display berukuran 
besar dan sempat menyita perhatian warga ini merupakan sebuah tempat 
sampah.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Smart Bin, begitulah &#39;panggilan akrab&#39; dari tempat sampah pintar 
berteknologi ini. Smart Bin memiliki dual-screen LCD Display dan 
terintegrasi dengan konektivitas Wi-Fi yang akan membuatnya menjadi 
wireless hotspot untuk masyarakat sekitarnya. Layar atau LCD Display 
pada Smart Bin ini juga berfungsi atau dapat menampilkan berita dunia 
dari para ahli ekonomi dan juga harga saham saat ini. Sungguh tempat 
sampah yang &#39;serba bisa&#39;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqw5M5kgp_Tu8AZuasdh0FfLibYfAYOvcNmjQhSMwlltxxx0KmjEMgYVa3lselusDvhLKmt8aY9iqnOhnPGpMZg2e6YgO1gVaXLF2FNO78esRrymuc5NmhI5TNqRBuSJWpwIAyfPaOL9oR/s1600/mbfxs8gx.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqw5M5kgp_Tu8AZuasdh0FfLibYfAYOvcNmjQhSMwlltxxx0KmjEMgYVa3lselusDvhLKmt8aY9iqnOhnPGpMZg2e6YgO1gVaXLF2FNO78esRrymuc5NmhI5TNqRBuSJWpwIAyfPaOL9oR/s320/mbfxs8gx.jpg&quot; width=&quot;261&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Di kota London baru ada sekitar 25 unit Smart Bin yang ditempatkan. Dan 
pemerintah Inggris berjanji akan menempatkan 75 unit Smart Bin lainnya 
di seluruh kota. Diharapkan Smart Bin akan tersebar sebelum 
berlangsungnya Olimpiade London pada tahun 2012 ini.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tidak hanya negara Inggris saja yang dapat menikmati membuang sampah 
sambil melihat berita ekonomi dan berdecak kagum akan tempat sampah 
pintar ini. Karena selain kota London, Smart Bin juga hadir dibeberapa 
kota lainnya di seluruh dunia, seperti Tokyo, New York, dan Singapura. 
Indonesia?&amp;nbsp;
                
                
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=13812016&quot;&gt;sumber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/1689025869484547752/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/1689025869484547752?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1689025869484547752'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/1689025869484547752'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/teknologi-terbaru-tempat-sampah-pintar.html' title='Teknologi Terbaru : Tempat Sampah Pintar dengan LCD Display'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_M4ElOngZRz2rgGJJqKL8vcu5Ja3aS7yto7zvMcGr5tZq7yAD9rsYVWz90JCaDE7X87u8nf0lboi5PGst6uik4c2EQj4V2dIzutD9BEbOtEERnx2qzOHAMcpp5_A3GL3PZ9pFkdlcKsRA/s72-c/xta2eor2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-4681437837372319541</id><published>2012-04-09T06:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-09T06:55:19.406-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pesan Error di Pascal Bagian 2 (31-65)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://situsjail.blogspot.com/2010/06/kesalahan-pesan-error-saat-komplikasi_22.html&quot;&gt;Pesan Error di Pascal Bagian 2 (31-65)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
sungguh membantu</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/4681437837372319541/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/4681437837372319541?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/4681437837372319541'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/4681437837372319541'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/pesan-error-di-pascal-bagian-2-31-65.html' title='Pesan Error di Pascal Bagian 2 (31-65)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-8052121576891681295</id><published>2012-04-04T09:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-04T09:47:30.883-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PHP</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada awalnya PHP merupakan kependekan dari &lt;i&gt;Personal
Home Page&lt;/i&gt; (Situs personal). PHP pertama kali dibuat oleh &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf&quot; title=&quot;Rasmus Lerdorf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Rasmus
Lerdorf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; pada tahun &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995&quot; title=&quot;1995&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Pada waktu itu PHP masih bernama &lt;i&gt;Form Interpreted&lt;/i&gt;
(FI), yang wujudnya berupa sekumpulan skrip yang digunakan untuk mengolah data
formulir dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web&quot; title=&quot;Web&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj_LIh1mWEuekIXKD3IOWtKgT8uOILobEjm9aNKfLao4bMvJX3gCGT7rwXTpqXnJqJVnEFC_eMhkanuzf5pY7hxRdMrhPxmu94geDvcvJCkhI54nYY4jGcppmuxGSk0VWpydMJhyphenhyphenjKijm/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj_LIh1mWEuekIXKD3IOWtKgT8uOILobEjm9aNKfLao4bMvJX3gCGT7rwXTpqXnJqJVnEFC_eMhkanuzf5pY7hxRdMrhPxmu94geDvcvJCkhI54nYY4jGcppmuxGSk0VWpydMJhyphenhyphenjKijm/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Selanjutnya Rasmus merilis kode sumber tersebut
untuk umum dan menamakannya &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP/FI&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;PHP/FI (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;PHP/FI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Dengan perilisan
kode sumber ini menjadi &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_terbuka&quot; title=&quot;Sumber terbuka&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;sumber terbuka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, maka banyak &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemrogram&quot; title=&quot;Pemrogram&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;pemrogram&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
yang tertarik untuk ikut mengembangkan PHP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada November 1997, dirilis PHP/FI 2.0. Pada
rilis ini, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter&quot; title=&quot;Interpreter&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;interpreter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; PHP sudah diimplementasikan
dalam program &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C&quot; title=&quot;C&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Dalam rilis ini disertakan juga modul-modul ekstensi yang meningkatkan
kemampuan PHP/FI secara signifikan.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada tahun 1997, sebuah perusahaan bernama &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zend&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Zend (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Zend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; menulis ulang interpreter PHP menjadi
lebih bersih, lebih baik, dan lebih cepat. Kemudian pada Juni 1998, perusahaan
tersebut merilis interpreter baru untuk PHP dan meresmikan rilis tersebut
sebagai &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP_3.0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;PHP 3.0 (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;PHP 3.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan singkatan PHP
diubah menjadi &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akronim_berulang&quot; title=&quot;Akronim berulang&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;akronim berulang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessing&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada pertengahan tahun 1999, Zend merilis
interpreter PHP baru dan rilis tersebut dikenal dengan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP_4.0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;PHP 4.0 (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;PHP 4.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. PHP 4.0 adalah
versi PHP yang paling banyak dipakai pada awal abad ke-21. Versi ini banyak
dipakai disebabkan kemampuannya untuk membangun aplikasi web kompleks tetapi
tetap memiliki kecepatan dan stabilitas yang tinggi.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juni&quot; title=&quot;Juni&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Juni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004&quot; title=&quot;2004&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
Zend merilis &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP_5.0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;PHP 5.0 (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;PHP 5.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Dalam versi ini,
inti dari interpreter PHP mengalami perubahan besar. Versi ini juga memasukkan
model &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemrograman_berorientasi_objek&quot; title=&quot;Pemrograman berorientasi objek&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;pemrograman berorientasi objek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
ke dalam PHP untuk menjawab perkembangan bahasa pemrograman ke arah paradigma
berorientasi objek.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aplikasi Bahasa PHP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP digunakan sebagai landasan operasi pada pemrogaman
     jaringan berbasis web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP digunakan juga untuk pemrogaman database.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP digunakan untuk membuat aplikasi web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan Kekurangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP menjadi popular karena kesederhanaannya dan
     kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan berbagai aplikasi web seperti counter,
     system artikel/ CMS, e-commerce, bulletin board, dll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP adalah salah satu bahasa server-side yang didesain
     khusus untuk aplikasi web.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP termasuk dalam Open Source Product dan telah
     mencapai versi 4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aplikasi PHP cukup cepat dibandingkan dengan aplikasi
     CGI dengan Perl atau Phyton bahkan lebih cepat disbanding dengan ASP
     maupun Java dalam berbagai aplikasi web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tersedia baik di Windows maupun Linux, walau saat ini
     paling efektif di web server Apache dan OS Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sintaks mirip C dan mudah dipelajari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Komunitas yang ramai dan saling membantu, seperti di
     diskusiweb.com, phpbuilder.com, phpindo.com, dll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Berbagai script atau aplikasi yang gratis telah
     tersedia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tidak detail untuk pengembangan skala besar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tidak memiliki system pemrogaman berorientasi objek
     yang sesungguhnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tidak bisa memisahkan antara tampilan dengan logic
     dengan baik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PHP memiliki kelemahan security tertentu apabila
     programmer tidak jeli dalam melakukan pemrogaman dan kurang memperhatikan
     isu konfigurasi PHP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kode PHP dapat dibaca semua orang, dan kompilasi hanya
     dapat dilakukan dengan tool yang mahal dari Zend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan saya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Bagi
para proramer yang ingin menekuni pemrograman berorientasi web based wajib
menguasai bahasa pemrograman ini. Karena PHP digunakan sebagai landasan operasi
pada pemrograman jaringan berbasis web, dan pada dasar nya PHP di disain sebagai
salah satu bahasa server-side untuk aplikasi web. Banyak aplikasi dan script
geratis yang tersedia memudahkan programer untuk berkreasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tetapi
yang perlu di perhatikan bagi programer yang menggunakan bahasa ini adalah
kelemahan pada sisi security, dimana kode PHP dapat dibaca semua orang sehingga
seorang programer harus jeli dalam meng-konfigurasi PHP. Yang paling membuat
tidak nyaman pada bahasa pemrograman ini adalah kompilasi yang hanya bisa di
lakukan dengan tool yang kita harus membayar untuk mendapat kan tool tersebut
yang di produksi dari ZEND.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/8052121576891681295/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/8052121576891681295?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8052121576891681295'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/8052121576891681295'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/bahasa-pemrograman-php.html' title='BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PHP'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj_LIh1mWEuekIXKD3IOWtKgT8uOILobEjm9aNKfLao4bMvJX3gCGT7rwXTpqXnJqJVnEFC_eMhkanuzf5pY7hxRdMrhPxmu94geDvcvJCkhI54nYY4jGcppmuxGSk0VWpydMJhyphenhyphenjKijm/s72-c/images.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-5799186191176273632</id><published>2012-04-04T09:33:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-04T09:33:21.647-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqnqbjjJMhOM_OfVGkLxET8E96NQHsDUCFpKTQWLDi5Q0dA1yWaykuPGc3IMZDxevxBP-UwS-PV7F7memBCbkjwp3GX-rQ1c15K8Rf_Z6HjIBV2lEo0yO3Qzv91vbBXRWfQEN1bgEmRUf_/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqnqbjjJMhOM_OfVGkLxET8E96NQHsDUCFpKTQWLDi5Q0dA1yWaykuPGc3IMZDxevxBP-UwS-PV7F7memBCbkjwp3GX-rQ1c15K8Rf_Z6HjIBV2lEo0yO3Qzv91vbBXRWfQEN1bgEmRUf_/s320/images.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Pascal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; adalah &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman&quot; title=&quot;Bahasa pemrograman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;bahasa pemrograman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; yang pertama kali di buat
oleh Profesor &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth&quot; title=&quot;Niklaus Wirth&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Niklaus Wirth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, seorang anggota International
Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) pada tahun 1971. Dengan mengambil
nama dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikawan&quot; title=&quot;Matematikawan&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;matematikawan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis&quot; title=&quot;Perancis&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Perancis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal&quot; title=&quot;Blaise Pascal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Blaise Pascal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
yang pertama kali menciptakan mesin penghitung, Profesor Niklaus Wirth membuat
bahasa Pascal ini sebagai alat bantu untuk mengajarkan konsep pemrograman &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer&quot; title=&quot;Komputer&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
kepada mahasiswanya. Selain itu, Profesor Niklaus Wirth membuat Pascal juga
untuk melengkapi kekurangan-kekurangan bahasa pemrograman yang ada pada saat
itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aplikasi Bahasa Pascal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pascal dipakai sebagai landasan pembuatan kode
     perangkat lunak Delphi (berbasis windows)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pascal dipakai sebagai landasan pembuatan kode
     perangkat lunak Kylix (berbasis Linux)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan kekurangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan bahasa pascal :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tipe data standar, tipe-tipe data standar yang telah
     tersedia bahasa pemrogaman. Pascal memiliki tipe data standar Boolean,
     integer, char, real, string.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;User defined data types, programmer dapat membuat tipe
     data lain yang diturunkan dari tipe data standar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Strongly-typed, programmer harus menentukan tipe data
     dari suatu variable dan variable tersebut tidak dapat dipergunakan untuk
     menyimpan tipe data selain format yang ditentukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Terstruktur, memiliki sintaks yang memungkinkan
     penulisan program dipecah menjadi fungsi-fungsi kecil (procedur dan
     function) yang dapat dipergunakan berulang-ulang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sederhana dan ekspresif, memiliki struktur yang
     sederhana dan sangat mendekati bahasa manusia (bahasa inggris) sehingga
     mudah dipelajari dan dipahami.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan bahasa pascal :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Versi awal Pascal kurang cocok untuk aplikasi bisnis
     karena dukungan basisdata yang terbatas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sintaks Pascal terlalu bertele-tele&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tidak mendukung pemrograman berorientasi objek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pascal tidak fleksibel dan banyak kekurangan yang
     dibutuhkan untuk membuat aplikasi yang besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan saya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Bahasa
pemrograman pascal mudah digunakan karena bahasa yang di gunakan sudah hampir
mendekati bahasa manusia. Terlebih versi pascal paling terakhir memungkinkan
programer langsung memperbaiki kesalahan pada syntax, dikarenakan cursor akan
langsung memberitahukan dimana kesalahan terjadi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tetapi
kelemahan bahasa pemrograman ini adalah tidak mendukung program berorientasi
objek dan banyak kekurangan ketika kita ingin membuat aplikasi yang lebih
besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/5799186191176273632/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/5799186191176273632?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5799186191176273632'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5799186191176273632'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/bahasa-pemrograman-pascal.html' title='BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqnqbjjJMhOM_OfVGkLxET8E96NQHsDUCFpKTQWLDi5Q0dA1yWaykuPGc3IMZDxevxBP-UwS-PV7F7memBCbkjwp3GX-rQ1c15K8Rf_Z6HjIBV2lEo0yO3Qzv91vbBXRWfQEN1bgEmRUf_/s72-c/images.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-2764125827043175478</id><published>2012-04-04T09:23:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-04T09:23:15.490-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN JAVA</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4DOyqG4ioIJoonD8aZd5dwkq-6oBe5aoNrjdDXBOW_eDKSwHSEypYERXS2bft7cSTk0xRX3rultd5NlLlNFfFlMJwoefz6B1lDBgLfeZCSOVrj9v_fZcx76OwFEgRBeGUqZa-Sa_8DABP/s1600/pro1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4DOyqG4ioIJoonD8aZd5dwkq-6oBe5aoNrjdDXBOW_eDKSwHSEypYERXS2bft7cSTk0xRX3rultd5NlLlNFfFlMJwoefz6B1lDBgLfeZCSOVrj9v_fZcx76OwFEgRBeGUqZa-Sa_8DABP/s200/pro1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Java&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;
adalah &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman&quot; title=&quot;Bahasa pemrograman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;bahasa pemrograman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; yang dapat dijalankan di
berbagai &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer&quot; title=&quot;Komputer&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
termasuk &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_genggam&quot; title=&quot;Telepon genggam&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;telepon genggam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Bahasa ini awalnya dibuat oleh
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling&quot; title=&quot;James Gosling&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;James Gosling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
saat masih bergabung di &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems&quot; title=&quot;Sun Microsystems&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Sun Microsystems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; saat ini merupakan bagian dari
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle&quot; title=&quot;Oracle&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Oracle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
dan dirilis tahun &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995&quot; title=&quot;1995&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Bahasa ini banyak mengadopsi sintaksis yang terdapat pada &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28bahasa_pemrograman%29&quot; title=&quot;C (bahasa pemrograman)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B&quot; title=&quot;C++&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;C++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; namun
dengan sintaksis model objek yang lebih sederhana serta dukungan rutin-rutin
aras bawah yang minimal. Aplikasi-aplikasi berbasis java umumnya dikompilasi ke
dalam &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-code&quot; title=&quot;P-code&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;p-code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
(&lt;i&gt;bytecode&lt;/i&gt;) dan dapat dijalankan pada berbagai &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_virtual_java&quot; title=&quot;Mesin virtual java&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Mesin Virtual Java (JVM)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Java merupakan bahasa
pemrograman yang bersifat umum/non-spesifik (&lt;i&gt;general purpose&lt;/i&gt;), dan
secara khusus didisain untuk memanfaatkan dependensi implementasi seminimal
mungkin. Karena fungsionalitasnya yang memungkinkan aplikasi java mampu
berjalan di beberapa platform &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi&quot; title=&quot;Sistem operasi&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;sistem
operasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; yang berbeda, java dikenal pula dengan slogannya, &quot;&lt;i&gt;Tulis
sekali, jalankan di mana pun&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. Saat ini java merupakan bahasa
pemrograman yang paling populer digunakan, dan secara luas dimanfaatkan dalam
pengembangan berbagai jenis perangkat lunak aplikasi ataupun aplikasi berbasis
web.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Sejarah perkembangan
Java&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman&quot; title=&quot;Bahasa pemrograman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Bahasa pemrograman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Java terlahir dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Green_Project&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;The Green Project (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;The Green Project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, yang
berjalan selama 18 bulan, dari awal tahun &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991&quot; title=&quot;1991&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; hingga musim panas &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992&quot; title=&quot;1992&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Proyek tersebut
belum menggunakan versi yang dinamakan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak&quot; title=&quot;Oak&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Oak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Proyek ini dimotori
oleh Patrick Naughton, Mike Sheridan, &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling&quot; title=&quot;James Gosling&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;James Gosling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
dan Bill Joy, beserta sembilan pemrogram lainnya dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems&quot; title=&quot;Sun Microsystems&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Sun
Microsystems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Salah satu hasil proyek ini adalah maskot &lt;i&gt;Duke&lt;/i&gt;
yang dibuat oleh &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Palrang&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Joe Palrang (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Joe Palrang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pertemuan proyek berlangsung di sebuah gedung
perkantoran &lt;i&gt;Sand Hill Road&lt;/i&gt; di &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menlo_Park&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Menlo Park (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Menlo Park&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Sekitar musim
panas 1992 proyek ini ditutup dengan menghasilkan sebuah program &lt;i&gt;Java Oak&lt;/i&gt;
pertama, yang ditujukan sebagai pengendali sebuah peralatan dengan teknologi layar
sentuh (&lt;i&gt;touch screen&lt;/i&gt;), seperti pada PDA sekarang ini. Teknologi baru ini
dinamai &quot;*7&quot; (&lt;i&gt;Star Seven&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Setelah era &lt;i&gt;Star Seven&lt;/i&gt; selesai, sebuah
anak perusahaan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv_kabel&quot; title=&quot;Tv kabel&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Tv kabel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
tertarik ditambah beberapa orang dari proyek The Green Project. Mereka
memusatkan kegiatannya pada sebuah ruangan kantor di 100 Hamilton Avenue, &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto&quot; title=&quot;Palo Alto&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Palo Alto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Perusahaan baru ini bertambah maju: jumlah
karyawan meningkat dalam waktu singkat dari 13 menjadi 70 orang. Pada rentang
waktu ini juga ditetapkan pemakaian &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&quot; title=&quot;Internet&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
sebagai medium yang menjembatani kerja dan ide di antara mereka. Pada awal
tahun 1990-an, Internet masih merupakan rintisan, yang dipakai hanya di
kalangan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akademisi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Akademisi (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;akademisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militer&quot; title=&quot;Militer&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;militer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Mereka menjadikan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perambah&quot; title=&quot;Perambah&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;perambah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
(&lt;i&gt;browser&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosaic&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Mosaic (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Mosaic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; sebagai landasan
awal untuk membuat perambah Java pertama yang dinamai Web Runner, terinsipirasi
dari film 1980-an, Blade Runner. Pada perkembangan rilis pertama, Web Runner
berganti nama menjadi Hot Java.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada sekitar bulan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maret&quot; title=&quot;Maret&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Maret&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995&quot; title=&quot;1995&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, untuk pertama kali
kode sumber Java versi 1.0a2 dibuka. Kesuksesan mereka diikuti dengan untuk
pemberitaan pertama kali pada surat kabar &lt;i&gt;San Jose Mercury News&lt;/i&gt; pada
tanggal &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_Mei&quot; title=&quot;23 Mei&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;23 Mei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995&quot; title=&quot;1995&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Sayang terjadi perpecahan di antara mereka suatu
hari pada pukul 04.00 di sebuah ruangan hotel &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheraton_Palace&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Sheraton Palace (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Sheraton Palace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tiga dari
pimpinan utama proyek, &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schmidt&quot; title=&quot;Eric Schmidt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Eric Schmidt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Paolini&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;George Paolini (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;George Paolini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dari &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems&quot; title=&quot;Sun Microsystems&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Sun
Microsystems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; bersama &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marc_Andreessen&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Marc Andreessen (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Marc Andreessen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, membentuk
&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape&quot; title=&quot;Netscape&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Netscape&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Nama Oak, diambil dari pohon oak yang tumbuh di
depan jendela ruangan kerja &quot;Bapak Java&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling&quot; title=&quot;James Gosling&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;James Gosling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Nama Oak ini tidak dipakai untuk versi release Java karena sebuah perangkat
lunak lain sudah terdaftar dengan merek dagang tersebut, sehingga diambil nama
penggantinya menjadi &quot;Java&quot;. Nama ini diambil dari kopi murni yang
digiling langsung dari biji (kopi tubruk) kesukaan Gosling. Konon kopi ini
berasal dari Pulau &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa&quot; title=&quot;Jawa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Jawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Jadi nama bahasa pemrograman Java tidak lain berasal dari kata Jawa (bahasa
Inggris untuk Jawa adalah Java).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan Kekurangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Bahasa Java:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sederhana dan ampuh, java menyediakan sarana untuk
     membuat program (applet) yang berjalan pada web browser. Programmer dapat
     menggunakan applet kecil yang aman, dinamik, lintas platform, aktif dan
     siap dijalankan di jaringan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aman, java dirancang dengan konsep keamanan internet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Berorientasi objek, java tidak diturunkan bahasa
     pemrogaman manapun. Java memiliki keseimbangan yang menyediakan mekanisme
     peng-class-an sederhana dengan model antarmuka dinamik yang intuitif hanya
     jika diperlukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kokoh, java membatasi programmer dengan memberi kunci
     supaya progamer dapat menemukan kesalahan lebih cepat saat mengembangkan
     program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Interaktif, java dirancang untuk menciptakan program
     jaringan yang interaktif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Netral terhadap berbagai arsitektur, java mampu
     berjalan dalam platform apapun seperti PC, UNIX, Macintosh, dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Terinterpretasi dan berkinerja tinggi, java melengkapi
     keajaiban lintas platform yang luar biasa dengan kompilasi ke dalam
     representasi langsung yang disebut java code byte yang dapat diterjemahkan
     oleh system apapun yang memiliki java interpreter dan java virtual
     machine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mudah dipelajari karena bersifat sederhana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mendukung koneksi ke database&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan bahasa Java :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Java memiliki kecepatan yang kurang dari bahasa C ++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Implementasi J2ME tidak global. Misalnya, J2ME untuk
     Motorola dengan J2ME untuk Sony Ericson tidak sama. Berbeda lagi J2ME
     untuk Nokia. Setiap produk selalu mempunyai modul tersendiri yang dinilai
     aneh penerapannya dan harus di-compile dengan modul yang berbeda-beda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Java memakan banyak memori computer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Java merupakan bahasa yang kompleks dan susah
     dipelajari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Program yang dibuat oleh bahasa ini lebih lambat dibanding
     program yang dibuat dengan bahasa lain seperti C atau C++.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan
saya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Bahasa
pemrograman ini sangat baik untuk di jalan kan pada web based. Apalagi java memang
di konsep dengan tujuan keamanan internet. Terlebih java memiliki sifat
kenetralan yang tinggi sehingga dapay di aplikasikan di berbagai platform
seperti PC, UNIX ataupun MAC. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tetapi
java juga memiliki kelemahan yang cukup fatal di banding bahasa pemrograman
lain, yaitu memakan banyak memori komputer dan kecepatan yang kurang di banding
dengan bahasa C++. Kekurangan lainnya adalah apabila aplikasi yang kita
implementasikan adalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;J2ME,
kita harus meng-compile ulang modul J2ME setiap kita ingin meng-implementasikan
nya ke produk yang berbeda, sebagai contoh J2ME pada motorolla berbeda dengan J2ME
pada nokia, mau tidak mau kita harus meng-compile kan terlebih dahulu…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/2764125827043175478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/2764125827043175478?isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/2764125827043175478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/2764125827043175478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/bahasa-pemrograman-java.html' title='BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN JAVA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4DOyqG4ioIJoonD8aZd5dwkq-6oBe5aoNrjdDXBOW_eDKSwHSEypYERXS2bft7cSTk0xRX3rultd5NlLlNFfFlMJwoefz6B1lDBgLfeZCSOVrj9v_fZcx76OwFEgRBeGUqZa-Sa_8DABP/s72-c/pro1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1511732001131662256.post-5034028425812108440</id><published>2012-04-04T09:03:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-04-04T09:03:56.324-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN C</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
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 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;



&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj91Gcuo7fPsEwYW4i9SibCHbPsCGb4w5a2ePNEHntioh75pNoe8qZaZ_9w0kw0QB0PG8wax-LHX8S7rZgIxuoAlePIXxmbJtYLI1CucIOKDWg7MxbSs_tT2eWVHvizw4LagEWlGtycLjgL/s1600/program+loop+angka+dengan+bahasa+pemrograman+C++.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;179&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj91Gcuo7fPsEwYW4i9SibCHbPsCGb4w5a2ePNEHntioh75pNoe8qZaZ_9w0kw0QB0PG8wax-LHX8S7rZgIxuoAlePIXxmbJtYLI1CucIOKDWg7MxbSs_tT2eWVHvizw4LagEWlGtycLjgL/s320/program+loop+angka+dengan+bahasa+pemrograman+C++.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Bahasa pemrograman C&lt;/span&gt; merupakan salah satu &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman&quot; title=&quot;Bahasa pemrograman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;bahasa pemrograman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer&quot; title=&quot;Komputer&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Dibuat pada tahun 1972 oleh Dennis Ritchie untuk &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Operasi&quot; title=&quot;Sistem Operasi&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Sistem
Operasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&quot; title=&quot;Unix&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;Unix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
di Bell Telephone Laboratories.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Meskipun C dibuat untuk
memprogram sistem dan jaringan komputer namun bahasa ini juga sering digunakan
dalam mengembangkan software aplikasi. C juga banyak dipakai oleh berbagai
jenis platform sistem operasi dan arsitektur komputer, bahkan terdapat beberepa
compiler yang sangat populer telah tersedia. C secara luar biasa memengaruhi
bahasa populer lainnya, terutama C++ yang merupakan extensi dari C.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Versi Bahasa C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C
K&amp;amp;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada tahun 1978, &lt;i&gt;Dennis
Ritchie&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;Brian Kernighan&lt;/i&gt; menerbitkan edisi pertama dari buku yang
berjudul &lt;i&gt;The C Programming Language&lt;/i&gt;. Buku ini hingga sekarang diakui
sebagai kitab suci bahasa C dan merupakan referensi utama seorang pemrogram
yang ingin mengetahui tentang bahasa C, terutama karena begitu lengkapnya
cakupan buku ini tentang bahasa C dan mudahnya program yang dicontohkan dalam buku
ini.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Versi bahasa C yang
ditampilkan dalam buku ini kemudian dikenal dalam kalangan pemrogram sebagai C
K&amp;amp;R. Pada buku &lt;i&gt;The C Programming Language&lt;/i&gt; edisi kedua kemudian
melingkupi ANSI C yang diperkenalkan belakangan. &lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;ANSI C
&amp;amp; ISO C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada perkembangannya, muncul
versi-versi C lain yang pada akhirnya membuat kebingungan di kalangan
pemrogram. Karena itu, pada tahun 1983, American National Standards Institute (&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ANSI&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;ANSI (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;ANSI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) membuat sebuah komite untuk membuat
sebuah versi standar dari bahasa C. Setelah melalui proses yang panjang dan
sengit, pada tahun 1989, telah berhasil disahkan standar yang dinamakan ANSI
X3.159-1989, versi ini seringkali dinamakan ANSI C, atau kadang-kadang C89.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Pada 1990, versi ANSI C
diadopsi oleh Organization for Standardization (&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO&quot; title=&quot;ISO&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;ISO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) dengan sedikit
perubahan dengan nama ISO/IEC 9899:1990. Versi ini seringkali dinamakan ISO C
atau C90. Karena versi ANSI C dan ISO C hanya memiliki sedikit perbedaan,
pemanggilan C90 dan C89 merujuk pada bahasa yang sama.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;C99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Versi C99 dibuat oleh ISO C
pada tahun 1999. Versi ini dimaksudkan terutama untuk memperbanyak dukungan
kepada pemrograman berorientasi objek, terutama setelah &lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B&quot; title=&quot;C++&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;C++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, yang
dibuat berdasarkan bahasa ini mendapat tempat yang istimewa di kalangan
pemrogram&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aplikasi bahasa C &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bahasa C pertama kali digunakan
     di Computer Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 yang menggunakan system
     operasi UNIX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bahasa C juga digunakan untuk
     menyusun operasi Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Banyak bahasa pemrogaman
     popular seperti PHP dan Java menggunakan sintaks dasar mirip bahasa C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Bahasa C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Bahasa C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bahasa C tersedia hampir di
     semua jenis computer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kode bahasa C sifatnya adalah
     portable dan fleksible untuk semua jenis computer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bahasa C hanya menyediakan
     sedikit kata-kata kunci, hanya terdapat 32 kata kunci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Proses executable program
     bahasa C lebih cepat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dukungan pustaka yang banyak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C adalah bahasa yang terstruktur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bahasa C termasuk bahasa
     tingkat menengah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Bahasa C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Banyaknya operator serta
     fleksibilitas penulisan program kadang-kadang membingungkan pemakai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bagi pemula pada umumnya akan
     kesulitan menggunakan pointer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan
Saya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Bahasa
C adalah sebuah jenis bahasa pemrograman yang memiliki banyak keunggulan dan
memudahkan penggunanya. Hampir semua jenis komputer menggunakan bahasa C, dan
sifat nya yang portable dan fleksible semakin memudahkan penggunanya. Terlebih hanya
ada 32 kata kunci dalam bahasa C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tetapi
fleksibilitas penulisan program dan operator malah terkadang membingungkan
pemakainya, terlebih bagi pemula yang baru mengenal bahasa ini akan sering
mengalamai kesulitan dalam menggunakan pointer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/feeds/5034028425812108440/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/1511732001131662256/5034028425812108440?isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5034028425812108440'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1511732001131662256/posts/default/5034028425812108440'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rioalvin.blogspot.com/2012/04/bahasa-pemrograman-c.html' title='BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN C'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04298506361332357830</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj91Gcuo7fPsEwYW4i9SibCHbPsCGb4w5a2ePNEHntioh75pNoe8qZaZ_9w0kw0QB0PG8wax-LHX8S7rZgIxuoAlePIXxmbJtYLI1CucIOKDWg7MxbSs_tT2eWVHvizw4LagEWlGtycLjgL/s72-c/program+loop+angka+dengan+bahasa+pemrograman+C++.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>