<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904</id><updated>2024-10-04T23:40:11.242+03:00</updated><category term="Romania"/><category term="Serbia"/><category term="România"/><category term="Milan Obrenovic"/><category term="1880"/><category term="1913"/><category term="19th century"/><category term="Bulgaria"/><category term="Carol I"/><category term="Srbija"/><category term="diplomatic history"/><category term="diplomaţie"/><category term="1874"/><category term="1878 San Stefano Peace Treaty"/><category term="1885"/><category term="1886"/><category term="1886 Bucharest Peace Treaty"/><category term="20th century"/><category term="Aerenthal"/><category term="Alexander Battenberg"/><category term="Belgrad"/><category term="Beograd"/><category term="I.C. Brătianu"/><category term="Ignatiev"/><category term="Jovan Marinovic"/><category term="Kogălniceanu"/><category term="Lascăr Catargiu"/><category term="Milovanovic"/><category term="Petronievic"/><category term="Russia"/><category term="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)"/><category term="Timok"/><category term="Tratatul de Pace de la Bucureşti din 1886"/><category term="Vidin"/><category term="book"/><category term="istorie"/><title type='text'>Romanian-Serbian Relations (late 19th - early 20th century)</title><subtitle type='html'>Relaţii româno-sârbe (sfârşitul secolului XIX - începutul secolului XX)</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-3769346424363299032</id><published>2020-10-01T11:46:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2020-10-01T11:46:00.683+03:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUHNU91UJ8S-Zb4EPKQnqOHohJ04Tep12KPjxwmlfrN8Uihtb-tC0dYZAxyKt6UTKhpjqnrQuUtv4YLnzK8gCPdPZhJlzWuXEFcbXeGQDXjVbY-MBWelMvXdvO_aVuEv2uM8ynKARpjDIV/s597/carte2012.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;597&quot; data-original-width=&quot;426&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUHNU91UJ8S-Zb4EPKQnqOHohJ04Tep12KPjxwmlfrN8Uihtb-tC0dYZAxyKt6UTKhpjqnrQuUtv4YLnzK8gCPdPZhJlzWuXEFcbXeGQDXjVbY-MBWelMvXdvO_aVuEv2uM8ynKARpjDIV/s320/carte2012.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Joi, 18 octombrie 2012, la editura „Cetatea de Scaun” din Târgovişte a apărut cartea „&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: maroon; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Relaţii româno-sârbe, 1875-1913&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;”, purtând semnătura lui Bogdan Catana.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Lucrarea abordează problematica relaţiilor dintre România şi Serbia în perioada cuprinsă între anii 1875 şi 1913 şi este rezultatul unei activităţi de cercetare şi documentare desfăşurată între anii 1999-2011 în arhive şi biblioteci din România şi Serbia, concretizată în teza de doctorat cu titlul „Relaţii româno-sârbe în perioada 1880-1920”, susţinută în anul 2008. Sinteza de faţă reprezintă doar prima parte a tezei de doctorat mai sus menţionată. Punctele de reper ale lucrării sunt reprezentate de două momente importante din istoria modernă a celor două state, respectiv redeschiderea problemei orientale şi războaiele balcanice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Autorul ne oferă o imagine cât mai completă asupra relaţiilor politico-diplomatice existente între cele două state, asupra obiectivelor externe, adeseori comune, ale cercurilor conducătoare de la Bucureşti şi Belgrad, asupra rolului jucat de România şi Serbia în Balcani, asupra&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;jocului diplomatic pe care fiecare din cele două a trebuit să-l facă în&amp;nbsp;raporturile cu Marile Puteri, îndeosebi cu Austro-Ungaria, pentru a-şi menţine fiinţa statală şi integritatea teritorială. … Departe de a fi de o intensitate remarcabilă, relaţiile româno-sârbe se înscriu pe linia unei amiciţii, cu momentele sale bune sau mai puţin bune, cu manifestări de orgolii şi interese particulare dincolo de cauza comună. Cu toate acestea, respectivele relaţii meritau a fi analizate din perspectivă istorică, cu obiectivitate, fără partizanat. (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Prof.univ.dr. Sorin Damean)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Un model de muncă onestă, dăruită cercetării fundamentale, de arhivă şi de izvoare, comentării şi interpretării superioare, ponderate şi judicioase a înfăptuirilor istoriografice de la noi şi de la vecinii noştri. Un stil sobru, dar şi alert, cu o frazare lejeră, accesibilă, rezultat al unei rafinări alese (şi în acord cu un barometru viu, al propriului ego profesional), a uriaşei avalanşe de informaţie. Rezultatul, o reuşită istoriografică majoră, ce stă, cu îndreptăţire, alături de cele câteva izbânzi, de reper, la hotarele cunoaşterii, despre noi&amp;nbsp; şi cei ce ne sunt aproape.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/em&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Prof.univ.dr. Miodrag MILIN)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Bitstream Charter&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ancorând trecutul de prezent putem afirma că tema aceasta este încă de actualitate deoarece se observă anumite similitudini ale situaţiei de azi cu cea de acum un secol. Iar aici putem aminti situaţia de la începutul secolului al XX-lea, când numeroşi turişti străini evitau să traverseze spaţiul Serbiei şi Bulgariei&amp;nbsp;din cauza atentatelor din Macedonia, situaţie care se aseamănă până la un anumit punct cu cea din anii 1990 când embargoul impus Iugoslaviei&amp;nbsp;afecta tranzitul de mărfuri şi de persoane spre Bulgaria, Grecia&amp;nbsp;şi Turcia. De asemenea, la fel ca acum o sută de ani, relaţiile bilaterale din prezent sunt, în general destul de bune, dar cu toate acestea mai sunt, totuşi, destule lucruri de făcut. Tocmai de aceea, acum la început de mileniu, secol sau, de ce nu, deceniu, lucrarea de faţă se doreşte a fi şi o susţinătoare şi o promotoare a bunelor relaţii dintre România şi Serbia. (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Prof.dr. Bogdan Catana)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;https://www.cetateadescaun.ro/produs/relatii-romano-sarbe-1875-1913/&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/3769346424363299032/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2020/10/joi-18-octombrie-2012-la-editura.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/3769346424363299032'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/3769346424363299032'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2020/10/joi-18-octombrie-2012-la-editura.html' title=''/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUHNU91UJ8S-Zb4EPKQnqOHohJ04Tep12KPjxwmlfrN8Uihtb-tC0dYZAxyKt6UTKhpjqnrQuUtv4YLnzK8gCPdPZhJlzWuXEFcbXeGQDXjVbY-MBWelMvXdvO_aVuEv2uM8ynKARpjDIV/s72-c/carte2012.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-418933938704874596</id><published>2010-10-17T19:10:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.552+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1874"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Carol I"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Jovan Marinovic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Milan Obrenovic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="România"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Srbija"/><title type='text'>Prince Milan IV Obrenović of Serbia in Romania (1874)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk_0Q8bn0IpJsMQHk4UV_WVMjHrJIEzHj8W0QitghK3UbFCJeeYc6SV9K_Cg_-sqJ0e8oL_5Z6pTNEdYjrd-ENYw7w9jJ7NdHiOXNrCphiWOU6FxJvsPEjwJrhepthtDMUH4DE3cGV8FcE/s1600/milan+obrenovic.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk_0Q8bn0IpJsMQHk4UV_WVMjHrJIEzHj8W0QitghK3UbFCJeeYc6SV9K_Cg_-sqJ0e8oL_5Z6pTNEdYjrd-ENYw7w9jJ7NdHiOXNrCphiWOU6FxJvsPEjwJrhepthtDMUH4DE3cGV8FcE/s320/milan+obrenovic.jpg&quot; width=&quot;239&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Milan Obrenovic (1854-1901) in his youth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;In the spring of 1874 the young prince of Serbia, Milan Obrenović, together with his prime-minister and foreign minister, Jovan Marinović, went to Constantinople in order to obtain Sultan’s consent regarding some Serbian foreign policy matters. Travelling by Danube, on April 14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;/26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; Milan’s ship stopped in Romania, at Turnu Severin, where he was welcomed by his maternal uncle, L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;ascăr Catargiu (1823-1899)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;, who was Romania’s prime-minister at that time. Milan travelled along the Danube up to Giurgiu / Ruse, where this time he was welcomed by the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vasile Boerescu (1830-1883). From Ruse Milan went to Varna by train and from there, by sea, to Constantinople.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; visit in Romania took place between May 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; and 17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; 1874 on his return from the capital of the Ottoman Empire, probably because Milan wanted to congratulate Prince Carol on the eighth anniversary of his accession to the Romanian throne, or possibly because of family circumstances. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Milan found the Romanian dynasty during an extremely unhappy moment caused by the death of Princess Maria, the only child of the Romanian princely family, who had died a month prior to the event due to respiratory angina. Even so Carol went to Giurgiu and welcomed the Prince of Serbia himself.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;During the evening of his arrival in Bucharest, Milan went to the grave of the little princess where he prayed and laid flowers. Due to the mourning process Carol could not assist the ceremonies in the honour of the Serbian Prince, but he met Milan and Jovan Marinović (1821-1893), several times during the visit. On May 9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; Milan left Bucharest in order to spend a few days in the countryside with his maternal relatives in Romania. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Prince Carol of Romania writes about this visit in a letter addressed to his father. Thus, he explains that because of the terrible moments he and his wife, Elisabeth, were living those days, they kept their distance from the public ceremonies held in the honour of the Serbian guest. Nevertheless, Milan was invited several times to have dinner or tea with them. Carol himself remembers that every time Milan visited him at Cotroceni he brought a crown of flowers which he laid on Maria’s tomb. Carol was quite impressed by his guest and depicts him as being a handsome and pleasant person, with a natural intelligence and an excellent speaker, but it was obvious that he lacked cultural literacy. In a letter sent after he came back to Belgrade, Milan mentioned about the wonderful moments he had experienced in Bucharest and also about the friendship and sympathy of the Romanian nation. In his opinion, that visit in Romania remained as one of his most wonderful and pleasant memories. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;During that visit in Romania, on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;May&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1874 Milan received the rank of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;honorary colonel of the Romanian army&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; and the command of the 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt; Infantry Regiment from Prince Carol. On the occasion of those ceremonies Milan was already wearing a colonel’s uniform of the Romanian Army. Within that cordial atmosphere Carol declared that by Milan’s appointment to the command of a Romanian regiment “a close link has been made between the Romanian and the Serbian army and thus the fellowship of the two neighbouring peoples was prepared”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;That was one of Milan’s first visits in Romania after he had become the prince of Serbia. Nevertheless he must have been familiar with Romanians since he spent an important part of his childhood in Moldavia, nowadays eastern Romania&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: maroon;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;. In the following years there would be several such visits in Romania.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/418933938704874596/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/10/prince-milan-iv-obrenovic-of-serbia-in.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/418933938704874596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/418933938704874596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/10/prince-milan-iv-obrenovic-of-serbia-in.html' title='Prince Milan IV Obrenović of Serbia in Romania (1874)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk_0Q8bn0IpJsMQHk4UV_WVMjHrJIEzHj8W0QitghK3UbFCJeeYc6SV9K_Cg_-sqJ0e8oL_5Z6pTNEdYjrd-ENYw7w9jJ7NdHiOXNrCphiWOU6FxJvsPEjwJrhepthtDMUH4DE3cGV8FcE/s72-c/milan+obrenovic.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-3278782278438311553</id><published>2010-07-16T21:48:00.000+03:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.570+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="19th century"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="20th century"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="book"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="diplomatic history"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="diplomaţie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><title type='text'>&amp;quot;Balkan Academic News&amp;quot;, Book Review 3 / July 2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bogdan Catana, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Relaţii diplomatice româno-sârbe: 1880-1913&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;(Romanian-Serbian diplomatic relations 1880-1913)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Craiova: Editura Universitaria, 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;363 pp., ISBN: 978-606-510-358-0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Reviewed by László Kocsis (South East European University, Macedonia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The book constitutes the first part of the Ph.D. thesis of the author,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;dealing with the Romanian--Serbian diplomatic relations between 1880 and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;1918. The author, professor of history in Craiova in the Oltenia region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;of Romania, which borders Serbia, and also a speaker of Serbian has made&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;an extensive research in the archives of the Romanian ministry of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;foreign affairs and also in Serbia, relying on similar sources and the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;work done by a Serbian minority professor from Timisoara, Miodrag Milin,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;member of the Serbian Academy of Education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The author first makes a survey of the Romanian, Serbian/Yugoslav and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;international literature of the period, which is relatively scarce. Then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;a large chapter is devoted to the introduction of the topic entitled the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;“Evolution of the Romanian-Serbian relations between 1875 and 1880”,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;which is largely based on the reports of a Serbian envoy, former Serbian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;minister of foreign affairs, M A Petronijević. Both countries had a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;similar international standing in 1875, being oscillating between the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;two stronger great powers of the region: Austria- Hungary and Russia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The Serbian internal political life was filled with political struggles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;between the ruling Obrenović dynasty on one hand and the Karađorđevič&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;dynasty and its supporting radials, led by later Prime Minister Nikola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Pašić. A subchapter is devoted to Romanian-Serbian relations during the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and the Berlin Congress which followed it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The book devotes a whole chapter to reveal the dynastic links between&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;the two countries, which was formed starting from the first half of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;XIX century through the Serbian prince Miloš Obrenović who had acquired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;real estates in south Romanian counties and obtained the monopoly of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;salt trade towards the Balkans from the Walachian ruler A. Ghica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;After this long introduction the author examines the situation of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;two countries at the beginning of the 1880s. Russia’s deemed preference&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;for Bulgaria made these two states to orientate themselves rather&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;towards Austria -Hungary and Germany, which was facilitated by their&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;dynastical ties as well. The next chapter deals with the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Serbian–Bulgarian war of 1885-1886.The chapter is not a very systematic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;representation of the intents and causes leading to war but the author&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;tries to present new insights. The next subchapter is devoted to the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Treaty of Bucharest of 1886, whose text is to be found in the annexes of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;the book.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The fourth chapter deals with Romania and Serbia by the turn of the XIX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;century, which was marked by endeavours like building a bridge over the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Danube, peasant uprisings of 1888 and 1907 in Romania having a purely&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;social cause while the Serbian one of 1883 was rather political, causing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;a difference of perception Romania was oligarchic, while Serbia and also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Bulgaria as a democratic, peasant societies. In the first subchapter the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;geopolitical situation of the end of XIX century is revealed, finding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;both states in the posture of allies of Austria--Hungary. A next&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;subchapter is devoted to the bilateral relations by the end of the XIX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;and beginning of the XX. century.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;A short subchapter presents remarks on the topic of the Bosnian crises&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;of 1908-1909 between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, trying to present the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Serbian and Romanian stances towards the crisis. It presents the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;ambiguity of the Russian stance that at first directed Serbia towards a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;conciliatory stance perhaps also due to its recent defeat in the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Japanese war of 1905, later to encourage Serbia to pretend territorial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;compensations for the annexation. An interesting chapter is devoted to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;the negotiations for building a bridge over the Danube, between Romania&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;and Serbia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The fifth chapter deals with Serbian-Romanian relations during the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Balkan wars of 1912-1913. Its first subchapter deals with the Romanian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;and Serbian diplomacy in the context of the Balkan wars. A next&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;subchapter is devoted to the peace treaties of Bucharest ending the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;second Balkan war.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The author made a well documented, interesting book, in which he&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;presents a balanced view of the subject. Perhaps unconsciously he is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;absolving totally the Romanian political elite of every responsibility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;in any tension arising between the two states, considered traditional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;allies by the public opinion of the countries. The author shows with a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;remarkable ability that in spite of an overall rather grey-white&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;picture, this friendship originated from the lack of a long common&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;border and the prevalence of common enemies, the existence of great&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;powers in the region both countries wanted to become independent from,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;and towards which they had very significant territorial ambitions. He&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;considers that the really fruitful cooperation in this epoch resumes to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;the period between 1859 and 1868. Before the Balkan wars the relations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;were solely diplomatic and the economic cooperation was very poor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The author also shows that the links between the two countries are due&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;to their similar historical fates being under Ottoman rule for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;centuries, very significant Russian influence up to nowadays, both&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;becoming independent from the Ottoman Empire almost by the same time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;started to assert their national demands and territorial claims in order&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;to find their places in that times’ new Europe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;But in spite of these the cooperation and reciprocal support was quite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;vague on the European scene. These fluctuations are also the consequence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;of their changing relations with Austria-Hungary, and when one of them&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;had good relations with the Habsburg monarchy, these bilateral relations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;have stagnated. Besides the lack of serious antagonisms, this friendship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;was evolving rather conjecturally and due to the constraints of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;geopolitical situation rather than from deep inner motivation. Putting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;in other words it was a relation born out of need rather than from&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;inherent sympathy, but nevertheless remained a good relation which still&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;works nowadays, in spite of different historical experiences. As proofs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;for this stands Romanian apparent disregard to the UN trade embargo on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;the common border with Yugoslavia during the 1990s, all the Romanian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;declarations condemning the NATO bombings of Serbia in 1999 and the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Romanian refusal of the recognition of Kosovo’s independence since its&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;declaration in 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;The book also contains a rich bibliography and 40 pages of annexes,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;among them the most interesting are the texts of the peace treaties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;concluded at Bucharest in 1886, and in 1913.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; ***&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #783f04;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;You may find the original review at the following address:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/balkans/message/9610&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/balkans/message/9610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/3278782278438311553/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/07/academic-news-book-review-3-july-2010.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/3278782278438311553'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/3278782278438311553'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/07/academic-news-book-review-3-july-2010.html' title='&amp;quot;Balkan Academic News&amp;quot;, Book Review 3 / July 2010'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-7901958940959690470</id><published>2010-03-14T17:21:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.597+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1885"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1886"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1886 Bucharest Peace Treaty"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Alexander Battenberg"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bulgaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Carol I"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="I.C. Brătianu"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Milan Obrenovic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="România"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tratatul de Pace de la Bucureşti din 1886"/><title type='text'>ROMÂNIA ŞI RĂZBOIUL SÂRBO – BULGAR DIN 1885</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ROMANIA AND THE 1885 SERBO–BULGARIAN WAR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;Summary&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;This short study tries to present some of the implications felt in Romania of the Serbo–Bulgarian war from 1885. The event wasn’t considered of such&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;a great importance for the European political scene and that is one of the reasons I chose to speak about it and its implications in Romania.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;The causes of the war were the quarrels between the two countries after the San Stefano and Berlin Treaties, mainly border conflicts. But the drop which filled the glass was the unification of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria in September 1885 under the rule of prince Alexander of Battenberg. King Milan Obrenovic of Serbia felt entitled to compensations and, although unprepared, he declared war on Bulgaria. But he was soon defeated at Slivnitsa and the Bulgarian army entered Serbia. It was the Austrian-Hungarian intervention that stopped the Bulgarian advance.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;The Romanian newspapers criticized the atrocities of the war and its negative effects on the civilians. During that period Romania maintained an attitude of strict neutrality and correctness towards the two countries involved in the conflict and the Romanian ambulance took care of the wounded soldiers, both in Sofia and Belgrade. The Romanian population, such those from Calafat and Craiova, made a lot of donations for the civilians affected by war.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;Maybe this correct attitude convinced the great powers to support the choice of Bucharest as the place for the peace negotiations. Thus the peace treaty was signed in Bucharest on the 3&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;rd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;1886. According to its provisions the status-quo ante bellum was reestablished. Nevertheless the event was perceived with a very negative impression in Europe. Thus it became the topic of G. B. Shaw’s&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;Arms and the Man&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #003366; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;, which puts the whole region in a very unpleasant and negative perception, although Shaw was quite unfamiliar with the war and the people of the region.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Acest război, deşi nu a avut o rezonanţă prea mare în epocă, a marcat totuşi destul de mult relaţiile dintre Serbia şi Bulgaria la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi chiar la începutul secolului al XX-lea. Acesta, dar şi alte neînţelegeri au creat o stare de neîncredere şi competiţie între cele două state, ce va dura câteva decenii bune. Acest conflict a avut la bază şi ajutorul dat de Bulgaria insurgenţilor sârbi în 1883 sau refugiaţilor politici. Totodată, guvernul şi presa bulgară au sprijinit deschis acţiunile emigranţilor sârbi. În acest sens chiar şi documentele franceze vorbesc despre azilul acordat de bulgari unor refugiaţi sârbi.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCLzNZ6Zc7KiFqhbdlUTrIgdEi8w1Jnb8H9VLbM8yIxmWPdYapwZ3sOmSm3QZTmzwZM2Vjrtq219QZLbe4BkST8m8SJL8xpjqURz7Khw3t7_kEOV5mnL2QRXf5nKAKwMeet1oRrtqQJjzL/s1600-h/Milos.Obrenovic.cneazul.Serbiei.1780-1860.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCLzNZ6Zc7KiFqhbdlUTrIgdEi8w1Jnb8H9VLbM8yIxmWPdYapwZ3sOmSm3QZTmzwZM2Vjrtq219QZLbe4BkST8m8SJL8xpjqURz7Khw3t7_kEOV5mnL2QRXf5nKAKwMeet1oRrtqQJjzL/s320/Milos.Obrenovic.cneazul.Serbiei.1780-1860.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;La acestea s-a mai adăugat şi aşa-numita afacere Bregovo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Miloš Obrenović (foto stânga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;cumpărase cu câteva decenii în urmă o proprietate lângă Bregovo, pe malul stâng – sârbesc – al Timocului. La un moment dat Timocul şi-a schimbat cursul iar proprietatea a ajuns pe malul drept – turcesc, apoi bulgăresc – al Timocului. Cu toate acestea acolo exista un punct de control sârbesc. Totuşi mici pierderi teritoriale au fost de ambele părţi, şi în general egale. Serbia, însă ar fi dorit să păstreze ceea ce câştigase de la Bulgaria dar fără să lase Bulgariei ceea ce câştigase aceasta. În 1884 Bulgaria a cerut Serbiei să îşi retragă soldaţii deoarece sunt pe teritoriu bulgar. Drept urmare la 22 mai 1884 bulgarii au luat proprietatea cu forţa, iar peste o săptămână Serbia a întrerupt legăturile diplomatice cu Bulgaria. Disputa nu a fost soluţionată nici după terminarea războiului, abia prin 1888 relaţiile reintrând în normal. În noile condiţii care încurajau Serbia să îşi extinde teritoriul spre sud, relaţiile cu Bulgaria au o importanţă capitală pentru Milan, deoarece şi pe seama acesteia urma să se realizeze extinderea spre sud a Serbiei.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Anii 1884 – 1885 au fost destul de întunecaţi pentru Milan. Avea probleme atât în interior cu opoziţia, cu soţia sa rusofilă, cât şi în exterior deoarece se părea că nu mai este aşa de bine privit la Viena, principala putere susţinătoare a Serbiei în acea vreme. În plus aliatul tradiţional al Serbiei, Muntenegru, nu agrea politica filo-austriacă a lui Milan. Iar în vara anului 1883 fiica cneazului Nikola al Muntenegrului, Zorka se căsătorise cu marele rival al lui Milan, Petru Karađorđević, ultimul urmaş al eroului din războaiele cu turcii de la începutul secolului al XIX-lea şi pretendent, totodată la tronul Serbiei.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Se ajunsese în cursul anului 1885 la o situaţie foarte încordată în Serbia datorită politicii duse de Milan şi de guvernul său. Pentru a abate atenţia opiniei publice, Milan s-a orientat în vederea obţinerii unor compensaţii teritoriale pe seama Bulgariei. Semnele erau încurajatoare, având în vedere întreruperea relaţiilor diplomatice cu Sofia. În acest sens agentul României la Sofia vorbea la 7 iunie 1885 despre o serie de incidente la frontiera sârbo-bulgară. O dată întrerupte relaţiile dintre cele două state, agentul Bulgariei a părăsit Serbia iar cel al Serbiei s-a retras la Niş.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;La sfârşitul verii lui 1885, la Bucureşti, Nacev, ministrul Bulgariei avea convorbiri cu cel al Serbiei, Kaljević despre reluarea relaţiilor diplomatice dintre Bulgaria şi Serbia; în acelaşi timp surse austro-ungare vorbeau la începutul lui septembrie 1885 despre deplasarea unui convoi cu arme şi muniţie de la Sofia la Vidin, în vederea sprijinirii unei eventuale rebeliuni a refugiaţilor radicali sârbi. Unii dintre ei s-au aflat chiar şi în România. Se pare că însuşi Pašić, liderul radicalilor sârbi s-a aflat într-o vreme la Calafat. În acea stare de tensiune, prelungitele absenţe din ţară ale regelui Milan au stârnit diverse comentarii, respectiv că în Austria şi Germania regele era preocupat mai mult partidele de vânătoare decât de problemele de sănătate.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiXsmWlBk8Osta0v-7Uze1nA_vQhdPmhq2Ng4ZQhsZASrJV50tuiz2y6ygVUttZ0EU3xGSF6bWPX3FieYC-1xcuf-Ytu-Nv8uDVlL1c2pPtOnAvtyBDr5yGOBkLPtUc9y7rCbYilZ8DABt/s1600-h/alexander.battenberg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiXsmWlBk8Osta0v-7Uze1nA_vQhdPmhq2Ng4ZQhsZASrJV50tuiz2y6ygVUttZ0EU3xGSF6bWPX3FieYC-1xcuf-Ytu-Nv8uDVlL1c2pPtOnAvtyBDr5yGOBkLPtUc9y7rCbYilZ8DABt/s320/alexander.battenberg.jpg&quot; width=&quot;219&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; La 6 / 18 septembrie 1885 a izbucnit o răscoală în oraşul Filipopol (astăzi Plovdiv, în Bulgaria), capitala Rumeliei Orientale în urma căreia a fost înlăturat guvernatorul turc şi proclamată unirea Rumeliei cu Bulgaria, conducător al noului stat devenind cneazul Bulgariei,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Alexander Battenberg (foto dreapta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Opinia publică din România a fost bucuroasă la aflarea acestei veşti, ea amintind de mişcătoarele momente din 1859. Oficialităţile române au dat dovadă de un calm deosebit în acele momente, încercând să se încadreze pe o linie de imparţialitate. În schimb Rusia nu a fost de acord cu acest fapt şi a protestat energic împotriva „încălcării tratatului de la Berlin”. De fapt Alexandru III era deranjat de influenţa crescândă a puterilor centrale în Bulgaria şi în Balcani. Drept urmare Rusia şi-a retras toţi ofiţerii din armata bulgară şi a început o campanie deschisă pentru îndepărtarea prinţului Alexandru Battenberg de la conducerea Bulgariei.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Acest eveniment a fost o surpriză cu totul neplăcută pentru Milan. El vedea în acest act o încălcare a tratatului de la Berlin, „&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;a step back towards San Stefano, a change in the Balkan balance of power&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;”, după cum remarca S. K. Pavlovitch. Milan devenise obsedat de acţiunile Bulgariei, se temea chiar de un viitor atac al acesteia împotriva Serbiei.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;În această perioadă Milan se afla de circa o săptămână în Austria, la Gleichenberg. La insistenţele primului său ministru, Garašanin, Milan a decis să se întoarcă la Belgrad, fiind convins că ceea ce se întâmplase era doar un prim pas spre refacerea Bulgariei de la San Stefano. În drum spre Belgrad, Milan s-a grăbit să meargă şi la Viena pentru a cere sprijin aliatului său de la nord, ceea ce s-a şi întâmplat după întrevederea avută cu Kalnoky. Întors la Belgrad pe 8 septembrie 1885 şi având promis tot sprijinul vecinului de la nord, Milan era hotărât să îl pună la punct pe cneazul bulgar şi să ceară compensaţii pe măsură. Era o ocazie de a-şi reface imaginea şi pe plan intern. Pe cât de nepăsător se dovedise de ceea ce se întâmplă în vremea din urmă, pe atât de zelos era acum Milan să-l pedepsească pe vecinul său (încă supus Imperiului otoman) pentru cutezanţa de a fi încălcat prevederile Congresului de la Berlin. La Viena Milan a obţinut sprijinul lui Kalnoky pentru o acţiune energică împotriva Bulgariei şi un împrumut de 25 000 000 de dinari de la bancherii vienezi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;La 10 / 22 septembrie 1885 Miliutin Garašanin a venit la Legaţia României pentru a se consulta asupra avertismentelor din Bulgaria. Acesta era adânc preocupat de conduita României în acest caz, nutrind speranţa unei acţiuni comune. Ministrul României şi-a exprimat interesul pentru poziţia ce o adopta Serbia, implicată într-o mai mare măsură. Şeful cabinetului sârb nu a ascuns că ţara sa ar dori o acţiune energică şi imediată. Aceasta trebuia să înceapă cu un protest categoric împotriva încălcării Tratatului de la Berlin, prin perspectiva unei Bulgarii mari (o ameninţare a intereselor sârbeşti), şi să continue până la intervenţia armată, în caz de nevoie. Pentru a nu-şi depăşi prerogativele, diplomatul român l-a invitat pe demnitarul sârb să exprime în scris propunerile guvernului său către cel român; invocându-se încălcarea tratatului de pace şi crearea în acest fel a unei noi stări de lucruri în Balcani, se sugera României posibilitatea unei înţelegeri spre promovarea intereselor comune şi particulare ale celor două ţări. Deja, a doua zi se proclama intrarea în vigoare a decretelor de mobilizare parţială, de convocare la Niş a Skupştinei în sesiune extraordinară şi de suspendare a libertăţilor publice.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Cu ocazia audienţei ministrului român la regele Milan, suveranul i-a comunicat acestuia că demersul preşedintelui de Consiliu s-a înfăptuit la ordinul său. Milan conta şi pe ajutorul regelui Greciei, cu care se întreţinuse la Viena. Obsesia sa era neschimbată: Bulgaria mare era la fel de periculoasă pentru România, Grecia şi Serbia. Ca element nou apărea solicitarea compensaţiilor pentru această presupusă deranjare a echilibrului balcanic. Regele susţinea că nu putea admite restabilirea tratatului de la San Stefano, ameninţând cu luarea Sofiei de către armata sârbă sau chiar intrarea în Macedonia, aflată sub turci. Emil Ghica a dovedit însă, în continuare, aceeaşi reţinere, sub impactul îngrijorării ca România să nu ajungă teatru de înfruntare ruso-habsburgică.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;În Serbia, regele şi seful guvernului sperau că, în situaţia actuală, mai mult ca niciodată, este nevoie de afirmarea solidarităţii intereselor comune ale României şi Serbiei. La 18 / 22 septembrie 1885 ministrul român la Belgrad arăta că oficialii sârbi îi sugeraseră că realizarea Bulgariei mari era un pericol atât pentru Serbia, cât şi pentru România sau Grecia. Serbia a venit la un moment dat şi cu propunerea realizării unei demonstraţii militare împotriva Bulgariei, iar drept compensaţie, România să primească un teritoriu în sudul Dobrogei, ce să cuprindă Silistra până la linia Rusciuk – Varna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Unirea Bulgariei ar fi năruit echilibrul balcanic, iar neputinţa dovedită a Turciei impunea o apropiere între sârbi şi români în eventualitatea unei conferinţe balcanice. Ghica, ministrul român în Serbia, buimăcit de zelul regelui Milan, a îndrăznit să-l întrebe pe acesta despre vederile ministrului de externe austro-ungar Kalnoky, privitoare la intenţiile sale balcanice; se ştia că alianţa celor trei împăraţi convenise pentru conservarea păcii în Balcani şi era de aşteptat din partea contelui Kalnoky să stopeze elanul războinic al protejatului său. Acesta însă a evitat o atitudine categorică; în plus ministrul monarhiei dualiste la Belgrad chiar l-a încurajat pe rege să urmeze calea pe care apucase. Cu toate acestea A. J. P. Taylor crede că, dimpotrivă, Bismarck i-ar fi propus lui Kalnoky o ruptură cu Rusia, pe care ministrul de la Viena a respins-o, însă, hotărât fiind să păstreze alianţa cu Serbia şi să se opună, totodată, pretenţiilor asemănătoare ale Rusiei în privinţa Bulgariei.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;În presa străină au apărut zvonuri despre existenţa unei alianţe a Românie cu Serbia sau Grecia. De aceea la 17 / 29 septembrie 1885 Ion Câmpineanu cerea tuturor diplomaţilor români din străinătate să dezmintă aceste zvonuri neadevărate. Serbia a tatonat în continuare posibilitatea unor alianţe cu Grecia şi România împotriva Bulgariei. Dacă România ar fi putut fi atrasă într-o asemenea alianţă, era practic imposibil de realizat o atragere a Greciei în acest demers, deoarece aceasta în perioada respectivă se afla departe de graniţele Bulgariei.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Pentru atragerea României regele Milan a trimis la Bucureşti pe unchiul său generalul Catargiu. Dar se pare că a avut parte de o primire destul de rece. La 11 septembrie 1885 Legaţia română era înştiinţată despre plecarea generalului Gh. Catargiu în misiune specială la Bucureşti. Generalul, mesager personal al regelui Milan, urma să se întâlnească cu primul ministru I. C. Brătianu şi cu titularul Externelor, I. Câmpineanu. Misiunea generalului Catargiu la Bucureşti nu a trecut nebăgată în seamă. Serbia dorea ca Bucureştiul să fie informat chiar cu detaliile preparativelor în chestiunea bulgară, deoarece înalta cordialitate reciprocă din ultima vreme îndreptăţea gândul unei acţiuni concrete. Că acest gând a preocupat îndeaproape guvernul Brătianu, ne-o dovedesc informaţiile păstrate. Ministrul Serbiei L. Kaljević (deşi a fost lăsat de o parte în tratativele misiunii confidenţiale Catargiu) semnala o agitaţie mult mai intensă în cabinet după revenirea primului ministru din voiajul Viena – Berlin. În afara disputelor pe teme economice de la Viena (expirase vechiul tratat din 1875), Brătianu se întreţinuse pe îndelete şi cu Bismarck pe teme balcanice. Aceste consultări au adus până la urmă la politica de neutralitate a României.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Chiar în acele zile din septembrie 1885 primul ministru român, I. C. Brătianu a efectuat o serie de vizite scurte la Viena iar apoi în Germania. El a avut o serie de întrevederi cu Kalnoky iar apoi cu Bismarck. În cadrul acestor întrevederi Brătianu a cerut recunoaşterea neutralităţii României. Bismarck se pare că dorea să păstreze cu orice chip pacea în Balcani. De aceea cancelarul îi dădea primului ministru român şi cuvenitele temeiuri de linişte asigurându-l că evenimentele din Balcani s-au înfăptuit chiar în pofida Rusiei, venind ca o surpriză neplăcută pentru această ţară; de aceea ele nu mai păreau de natură a tulbura echilibrul oriental, determinând astfel definitiv şi prudenta opţiune românească.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;România nu a rămas pasivă la pregătirile de război ale Serbiei. În lunile septembrie – octombrie la graniţa sârbo-bulgară s-au semnalat numeroase incidente care au dus la o mai mare vigilenţa a autorităţilor române. Tocmai în acest sens se înscrie şi vizita M. S. Sale Regele Carol I la Craiova în zilele de 1 – 2 octombrie 1885. Acesta a inspectat trupele Corpului I Armată, probabil, tocmai datorită apropiatei confruntări sârbo-bulgare care se contura tot mai vizibil. La sosirea în gara Craiova regele Carol a fost întâmpinat de oficialităţile oraşului în frunte cu primarul&amp;nbsp; Nicolaidi şi cu prefectul Vârvoreanu, fiind găzduit pe perioada şederii în Craiova în casele doamnei Glogoveanu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;A doua zi regele Carol a trecut în revistă trupele de la Craiova, întrunite pe platoul din stânga şoselei Amaradia. În aceeaşi zi, cu prilejul unei vizite la liceul oraşului, regele, impresionat fiind de calitatea pregătirii elevilor şi profesorilor, a acceptat, la propunerea directorului Constantinescu şi a profesorilor, ca această unitate de învăţământ să poarte pe viitor numele de „Carol I”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;În zadar avertiza ministrul Turciei Skupştina de la Niş, că orice agresiune împotriva Bulgariei (încă parte integrată a Imperiului Otoman) urma să fie considerată declaraţie de război împotriva Turciei; nici înţelegerea cu Grecia, pur formală, fără speranţe de cooperare militară, nu l-au putut îndupleca pe Milan să renunţe la gândul de răfuială. Până şi Austro-Ungaria, care-l susţinuse, încercase în cele din urmă să-l îndrume spre moderaţie, în aşteptarea hotărârilor unei conferinţe balcanice, de mediere. Austro-Ungaria începuse să îl agreeze pe cneazul Bulgariei, mai ales pentru că intrase în conflict cu Rusia. Rudă a reginei Victoria a Angliei, Alexandru Battenberg, putea deveni în viitor un aliat de nădejde al Vienei în Balcani, de aceea diplomaţia austro-ungară încerca să nu fie prea aspră cu acesta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pentru medierea diferendului la 24 octombrie / 5 noiembrie 1885 şi-a început activitatea Conferinţa ambasadorilor de la Constantinopol, în chestiunea unirii Bulgariei cu Rumelia. România nu s-a alăturat solicitărilor intransigente ale Serbiei, ci va încerca să formuleze revendicări proprii; partea română a făcut demersuri în sensul lărgirii ordinei de zi a conferinţei, solicitând dărâmarea fortificaţiilor Bulgariei de pe malul stâng al Dunării, în special cele ale cetăţii Vidinului, fără reuşită însă. Întru-cât din partea conferinţei nu se anunţau sancţiuni, regele Serbiei s-a decis brusc şi, la 2 / 14 noiembrie 1885, a declarat război Bulgariei. Drept pretext el a argumentat că în zona de frontieră dintre cele două state bulgarii ar fi atacat câteva posturi de grăniceri sârbi, având şi avantajul că armata sârbă era net superioară ca efective celei bulgare: 70 000 sârbi contra 30 000 bulgari. Dar Milan a apreciat greşit neputinţa armatei bulgare, pe care el o vedea slăbită după retragerea ofiţerilor ruşi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Evenimentele de pe front au fost surprinse cu realism de ziarul „Românul” care, pe toată perioada desfăşurării luptelor, a afişat o ţinută echidistantă. Articolele acestuia au scos în evidenţă ororile şi tragismul războiului, absurditatea motivelor invocate de cele două părţi şi urmările nefaste ale acestuia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Dar în scurt timp evenimentele vor tempera elanul regelui Milan, înaintarea anemică a infanteriei sârbeşti fiind stopată în faţa Sofiei la Slivniţa, 17 – 19 noiembrie 1885; a urmat o viguroasă contraofensivă a armatei bulgare, sprijinită de miliţiile rumeliote, care a transformat campania sârbească într-o jenantă înfrângere. Ostilităţile s-au mutat apoi în Serbia, după lupte înverşunate bulgarii ocupând Pirotul. Însă la 6 / 18 noiembrie s-a produs intervenţia izbăvitoare a Austro-Ungariei care, ameninţând cu intrarea în război alături de Serbia, a reuşit să oprească ofensiva bulgară. În acest sens, agenţiile de presă transmiteau la 26 noiembrie 1885 că ministrul Austro-Ungariei la Belgrad, contele von Khevenhuller, fusese însărcinat să meargă la cartierul general bulgar pentru a cere Principelui Alexandru, din partea marilor puteri, încetarea ostilităţilor. Armistiţiul s-a încheiat la 10 / 22 decembrie 1885. Numărul victimelor era destul de mare în comparaţie cu durata sa scurtă: 6800 sârbi şi 2300 bulgari. Pe lângă înfrângere şi pierderile umane, Serbia, şi mai ales regele Milan, ieşea din acest conflict cu o imagine extrem de „şifonată”, atât în interior cât şi pe plan extern.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Pe lângă admirabila neutralitate a României, ţara noastră s-a implicat şi în ajutorarea celor răniţi sau afectaţi de război. De aceea România a trimis Ambulanţe ale Crucii Roşii atât în Bulgaria cât şi în Serbia. Pornite la 11 şi 12 noiembrie 1885, secţiile ambulanţei române au sosit la Belgrad la 15 noiembrie şi la Sofia la 19 noiembrie, unde au îngrijit răniţii până în primele zile ale lunii ianuarie 1886.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;În Bulgaria ambulanţa română a amenajat la Sofia un spital, unde, în perioada 22 noiembrie 1885 – 30 decembrie 1885, au fost îngrijiţi circa 125 de răniţi, cheltuindu-se peste 23 000 lei. Această ambulanţă a Crucii Roşii române era condusă de domnii doctori G. Nanu şi M. Georgescu, având ca asistenţi pe studenţii Nicolae Vicol, N. Marinescu, I. Mendonidi şi I. Mardoliu. După lungul drum prin Bulgaria, ambulanţa românească a fost instalată în localul şcolii secundare de fete din Sofia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;La fel, în Serbia ambulanţa română a amenajat 3 spitale unde, de la 16 noiembrie 1885 până la 4 ianuarie 1886, au fost îngrijiţi peste 300 de răniţi, cheltuielile ridicându-se şi aici la peste 15000 lei. Ambulanţa românească era condusă de domnii doctori Andronescu şi Rădulescu, având ca asistenţi pe studenţii Popescu Pompiliu, Ninoveanu, Silva Pandele şi încă o persoană. Personalul român, la fel ca şi bogatul material medical au fost transportate pe calea ferată, la Belgrad punându-se la dispoziţia acestora nu mai puţin de două spitale. Toate acestea au atras simpatia generală a opinie publice din cele două state vecine. Ambelor ambulanţe le-au fost recunoscute pe deplin meritele (de către Alexandru de Battenberg, la Sofia şi de regina Natalia, la Belgrad). De asemenea, tot personalul acestora a fost invitat la baluri şi dineuri oficiale, şi decoraţi cu ordinul Sf. Alexandru, pentru cei din Bulgaria, şi cu ordinul Sf. Sava, pentru cei din Serbia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Informaţii despre activitatea ambulanţei româneşti în timpul războiului sârbo-bulgar, ne oferă şi căpitanul Vasile Makarovici. Acesta vorbeşte despre entuziasmul cu care luptau bulgarii, a căror armată era formată mai ales din voluntari şi cum la Târnovo elevii i-au urmat pe profesori şi pe director la război. Makarovici vorbeşte despre buna pregătire a medicilor bulgari, majoritatea fiind tineri absolvenţi ai unei Facultăţi româneşti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;După încheierea armistiţiului, la 29 noiembrie 1885 ambulanţa română de la Sofia a plecat spre Belgrad, neputând să treacă Dunărea pentru a se întoarce în patrie. În Serbia ambulanţa română a observat o armată mai bine pregătită, dar cu un moral scăzut, conflictul fiind văzut aici mai ales că un moft al regelui&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Milan al Serbiei (foto stânga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirW-lE9t5e1UCmGHQeskh-QhTOnBLTLFn_YEtlHVNloxPpL9FH0Qtuc7_mmFmxHPAqAwrx4LkNCRjFpgtZa-TO7hhTHBnnN4gvWIF-myY677WMatdfwVnsX7hyphenhyphenOG56Tb_QG5zI_QZJfDUj/s1600-h/Milan.Obrenovic.IV.regele.Serbiei.1854-1901.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirW-lE9t5e1UCmGHQeskh-QhTOnBLTLFn_YEtlHVNloxPpL9FH0Qtuc7_mmFmxHPAqAwrx4LkNCRjFpgtZa-TO7hhTHBnnN4gvWIF-myY677WMatdfwVnsX7hyphenhyphenOG56Tb_QG5zI_QZJfDUj/s320/Milan.Obrenovic.IV.regele.Serbiei.1854-1901.jpg&quot; width=&quot;225&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;O remarcă interesantă a autorului mai sus-menţionat se referă la numărul mare de soldaţi români pe care i-au întâlnit sau îngrijit ambulanţele româneşti din cadrul celor două armate beligerante, cei mai mulţi dintre ei provenind din împrejurimile Vidinului. Despre aceştia din urmă autorul afirmă că „&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;brillaient par leur intelligence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;”. În plus, se pare că întreaga divizie a generalului sârb Horvatovici era formată din români.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;De asemenea România a acordat azil şi i-a ajutat pe toţi refugiaţii din zona de conflict. Astfel la 18 noiembrie 1885 în Calafat s-au refugiat un grup de bulgari izraeliţi compus din femei şi copii ce au cerut azil. Grupuri de refugiaţi au continuat să sosească la Calafat şi în zilele următoare. În acest sens, prefectul judeţului Dolj a transmis oficialităţilor de la Calafat să ia imediat toate măsurile pentru găzduirea refugiaţilor în urbe, sau chiar în satele vecine. S-a ajuns ca în data de 20 noiembrie 1885 la Calafat să se găsească 480 izraeliţi, 163 bulgari şi 130 turci. Pentru sprijinirea acestor persoane la Craiova se constituise deja un Comitet de 32 persoane care a donat sume de 86 lei, pe care primarul Calafatului, M. Drăgulescu a distribuit-o refugiaţilor. De asemenea, dl. Ioniţă Vâlcea a donat pentru răniţii din război 1,85 Kg scamă, care&amp;nbsp; au fost trimise, prin intermediul Prefectului de Dolj, domnului preşedinte al Societăţii „Crucea Roşie” in România, principele Grigore Ghica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Poziţia de neintervenţie a României faţă de statele aflate în conflict a câştigat respectul ambelor forţe combatante. Încrederea câştigată şi obiectiva înţelegere de la Bucureşti a problemelor balcanice vor fi premisele opţiunii lui Bismarck, ca tratativele de pace să se desfăşoare la Bucureşti. În acest sens ministru român la Sofia, Beldiman comunica la 5 / 17 ianuarie 1886 că reprezentanţii marilor puteri au fost unanimi în a propune Bulgariei ca locul pentru desfăşurarea negocierilor să fie la Bucureşti. Deşi la început Turcia a insistat pentru Constantinopol, ea a apreciat, în final, poziţia României faţă de războiul sârbo-bulgar. Aprecieri asemănătoare sunt transmise şi din capitala Italiei. Asemenea idei, privind posibilitatea ca România să se implice direct în rezolvarea litigiului dintre cele două ţări şi să aibă rol de mediator au fost auzite şi în Parlamentul României la 25 noiembrie 1885.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cu toată opoziţia unor state ca Serbia sau Grecia, marile puteri au acceptat numirea lui Alexandru Battenberg în funcţia de guvernator al Rumeliei Orientale. Acest fapt simboliza de fapt unirea acestei provincii cu Bulgaria. Încă din februarie 1886 s-a încheiat un acord turco-bulgar în acest sens.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;La 23 ianuarie 1886 se deschideau la Bucureşti tratativele pentru încheierea păcii în urma războiului sârbo-bulgar. Pe lângă cele două state implicate în conflict la tratative mai participa şi Imperiul otoman, deoarece Bulgaria încă nu era stat independent. Al doilea tratat de pace de la Bucureşti a fost semnat la 19 februarie / 3 martie 1886. Principala sa prevedere a fost restabilirea statu-quo-ului balcanic premergător războiului, recunoscând totodată şi unirea Rumeliei Orientale cu Bulgaria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Războiul acesta a devenit şi cadru pentru o piesă a lui G. B. Shaw,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Arms and the Man&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;. Conotaţia negativă pe care începea să o primească termenul de Balcani în ultimele decenii ale secolului al XIX-lea şi mediatizarea războiului l-au determinat pe Shaw să aleagă acest război pentru piesa sa. Bulgaria, în particular, şi Balcanii, în general, sunt prezentaţi într-o lumină total defavorabilă, ca un tărâm al înapoierii şi barbariei, deşi se pare că nu aceasta a fost intenţia lui Shaw. Acesta a fost atras, în primul rând, de eroismul cu care erau prezentaţi în ziarele vremii ostaşii bulgari. Cu toate acestea mesajul transmis de Shaw a fost altul, mult mai negativ.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;Criza din Balcani nu fost totuşi soluţionată definitiv prin semnarea păcii de la Bucureşti. Diplomaţia ţaristă nu a fost deloc mulţumită de faptul că Alexandru Battenberg a realizat unirea Bulgariei peste capul acesteia. Nemulţumirile Rusiei erau în creştere şi de aceea aceasta a acţionat clar pentru îndepărtarea prinţului Bulgariei. Acesta a fost în cele din urmă îndepărtat iar pe tronul Bulgariei va fi adus Ferdinand de Saxa – Coburg Gotha, care va diminua şi mai mult influenţa rusă în Bulgaria. Doi ani mai târziu, în 1889, şi regele Serbiei, Milan Obrenovici va trebui să renunţe la tron în favoarea fiului său, Alexandru. Iar unul dintre motivele care l-au împins să ia aceasta decizie a fost şi înfrângerea din 1885 în faţa Bulgariei.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(Versiune adaptată. Pentru varianta completă a materialului, vezi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;„Analele Universităţii din Craiova”, seria Istorie, anul XI, nr. 11 / 2006, Editura Universitaria, Craiova, 2007, pp. 127-136.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot; style=&quot;color: #993300; font-family: Georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/7901958940959690470/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/03/romania-si-razboiul-sarbo-bulgar-din.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/7901958940959690470'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/7901958940959690470'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/03/romania-si-razboiul-sarbo-bulgar-din.html' title='ROMÂNIA ŞI RĂZBOIUL SÂRBO – BULGAR DIN 1885'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCLzNZ6Zc7KiFqhbdlUTrIgdEi8w1Jnb8H9VLbM8yIxmWPdYapwZ3sOmSm3QZTmzwZM2Vjrtq219QZLbe4BkST8m8SJL8xpjqURz7Khw3t7_kEOV5mnL2QRXf5nKAKwMeet1oRrtqQJjzL/s72-c/Milos.Obrenovic.cneazul.Serbiei.1780-1860.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-9053208228403177186</id><published>2010-02-12T11:44:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.621+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1878 San Stefano Peace Treaty"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="19th century"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bulgaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ignatiev"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Kogălniceanu"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Lascăr Catargiu"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Milan Obrenovic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Petronievic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="România"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Russia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Timok"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Vidin"/><title type='text'>PROBLEMA VIDINULUI ŞI RELAŢIILE ROMÂNO-SÂRBE ÎN PREAJMA TRATATULUILUI DE PACE DE LA SAN STEFANO (1878)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The Vidin Issue and the Relations between Romania and Serbia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;around the San Stefano Peace Treaty (1878)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;(Summary)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;During the war between Russia and Turkey in 1877-1878, Romania fought together with Russia for her independence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;While the war was almost over, Russia tried to persuade Romania to accept the Vidin territory, then a Turkish possession, at the western border of Romania, beyond the Danube, where, for centuries, was living a numerous Romanian population. This was a trick because Russia wanted from Romania the southern part of Bessarabia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Serbia wanted Vidin, too, although there were few Serbians in the region. But she had the support of Austria-Hungary. Thus began to appear tensions between Romania and Serbia for this small territory. Nevertheless, none of the two countries gained the Vidin territory, because the Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin from 1878, mainly through the voice of Russia, offered the territory to the newly created Principality of Bulgaria, which was, in the beginning, under Russian influence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   După căderea complexului de fortificaţii otomane de la Plevna, în timpul războiului ruso-româno-otoman din 1877-1878, armata română a primit sarcina de a scoate din luptă puternicul grup al armatei otomane aflat în cetatea Vidin, din nord-vestul Bulgariei de azi. Armatei române îi revenea, astfel, o sarcină destul de dificilă, atât datorită solidelor fortificaţii din zonă, cât şi datorită condiţiilor nefavorabile de iarnă: zăpada, gerul etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Încă din timpul războiului, s a pus problema cetăţii Vidinului şi a teritoriului din jurul său. Astfel, Rusia a oferit ţării noastre acest teritoriu în speranţa că va atenua efectul pe care îl va avea asupra României viitoarea pierdere a Basarabiei, pe care diplomaţia rusă plănuia să o anexeze. Dar de acest teritoriu s a arătat interesată şi Serbia. În felul acesta apar între cele două state unele fricţiuni care, pe măsură ce se apropiau tratativele de pace de la San Stefano, chiar au mai crescut în intensitate. În final nu s a ajuns la un conflict deschis sau la ruperea legăturilor diplomatice, deoarece nici unul din cele două state nu a câştigat teritoriul respectiv.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSxrnkq8bCWOhU7voKXXaHGyPkOPDE17XCghXIAAss-2J42Pyff1p6GwcuCdOxSzkhiIY-1_yvNM0sskk-YMGBDmlRlImyMYccZtfBN_jF0swUfKtJ0WKfO9-DSxtMqhQq1EjeieKwfXE/s1600-h/Lascar+Catargiu+(1823-1899).jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; color: #de7008; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSxrnkq8bCWOhU7voKXXaHGyPkOPDE17XCghXIAAss-2J42Pyff1p6GwcuCdOxSzkhiIY-1_yvNM0sskk-YMGBDmlRlImyMYccZtfBN_jF0swUfKtJ0WKfO9-DSxtMqhQq1EjeieKwfXE/s200/Lascar+Catargiu+(1823-1899).jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;152&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;Un rol important în gestionarea şi chiar soluţionarea acestui diferend l a avut şi familia Catargi. În acea perioadă, în România se afla şi o rudă apropiată a ministrului român de atunci, de la Belgrad, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;Lascăr Catargiu (1823-1899) (foto stânga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;, şi anume, colonelul Gheorghe Catargi, aflat în misiune specială din partea cneazului Milan al Serbiei pe lângă ţarul Rusiei. Colonelul Catargi era unchiul cneazului după mamă. În această calitate el a trimis numeroase rapoarte la Belgrad în care se referea adesea şi la relaţiile dintre cele două state. În iunie 1877 colonelul Catargi transmitea că ar fi foarte important ca România să coopereze cu Serbia, adăugând totuşi că forţele Serbiei sunt insuficiente pentru a ţine în loc armata turcă dislocată la Vidin şi pe Timoc. Aceeaşi idee de cooperare a corespuns, probabil, proiectului de trecere a Dunării în regiunea Vidinului de către armata română, precum şi recunoaşterile făcute de statul-major român în sectorul acesta la 3-4 iulie 1877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   După căderea Plevnei comandamentul suprem rus al forţelor de pe frontul dunărean arăta că trupele române care operează în partea de vest a Bulgariei vor începe supravegherea şi împresurarea oraşelor Belogradcik şi Vidin. Se menţiona în continuare că s-au dat dispoziţii ca trupele române să trimită o brigadă de cavalerie cu o baterie spre Belogradcik şi să ţină legătura cu ruşii şi cu sârbii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. Vidinul constituia cea mai puternică fortăreaţă a Turciei din vest, armata română având o sarcină grea în acest sens. În acelaşi timp, oficialii sârbi dădeau şi ei dispoziţii armatei în vederea ocupării unor poziţii în zona Vidinului. Astfel, din Ţarigrad, trimisul Serbiei, K.N. Hristic anunţa că Poarta primise o telegramă care arăta că din Belgrad au pornit spre Vidin 50 de care cu muniţii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Cooperarea dintre armatele română şi sârbă s-a putut observa încă de la reintrarea Serbiei în război. La 14/26 decembrie 1877 Milan îi telegrafia prinţului Carol al României (1839-1914) că vor acţiona în comun în direcţia Vidin, arătându-se bucuros că armata sârbă &quot;va putea întinde o mână frăţească vitejilor soldaţi ai alteţei-voastre&quot;. Totuşi diplomaţia sârbă era neliniştită datorită zvonurilor care dădeau România drept viitoare posesoare a Vidinului. De aceea, ministrul de externe al Serbiei, Jovan Ristici (1831-1899) a încercat să câştige bunăvoinţa ministrului de externe al Austro-Ungariei, Andrassy, motivând că o extindere a României spre sud ar aduce-o la graniţele Serbiei ce ar putea constitui o viitoare sursă de nelinişte. În schimb, preluarea de către Serbia a acestor zone, ar păstra graniţa, mult mai sigură de pe Dunăre între cele două state. În schimb, ministrul român de externe M. Kogălniceanu (1817-1891) arăta că armata română este cea care trebuie să aibă onoarea de a ocupa Vidinul, tocmai datorită grelelor sacrificii din ultimele şase luni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Neînţelegerile dintre cele două state pe tema Vidinului au început în luna decembrie 1877. Kogălniceanu chiar îi comunica lui Lascăr Catargiu să încerce să mai tempereze elanul sârbilor spre Vidin. De asemenea, guvernul român îl înştiinţa pe agentul sârb la Bucureşti, Milan A. Petronievici, că o brigadă sârbă a pătruns printre liniile româneşti la Belogradcik, ameninţând cu retragerea agentului român de la Belgrad. La 28 decembrie 1877 / 10 ianuarie 1878 Carol a avut o întrevedere cu Petronievici în care şeful statului român i-a comunicat necesitatea respectării zonelor de demarcaţie dintre cele două armate. Sârbii, în schimb, învinuiau partea română de a fi încercat să facă rechiziţii în perimetrul armatei lor. De asemenea, Serbia se arăta îngrijorată de vocile ce se ridicau în Senatul României pentru o mai mare atenţie faţă de vlahii din Serbia. În privinţa zonei de demarcaţie, Petronievici afirma că a aflat la Bucureşti despre decizia Statului Major General ca românii să opereze până la Timoc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;În această privinţă, decisivă a fost atitudinea Austriei, care, dorind să se extindă spre Bosnia şi Herţegovina, încerca să reorienteze atenţia Serbiei de la acestea, spre alte zone precum Vidinul. În felul acesta, Austria s-a opus cu vehemenţă cedării Vidinului către România, fapt reliefat şi din indicaţiile primite la Viena de ministrul român de acolo. Pentru a linişti partea sârbă, Kogălniceanu i-a transmis lui Catargiu să îl informeze pe Ristici că Ducele Nicolae a fost cel care a propus României să ocupe Vidinul şi Belogradcikul. Bineînţeles că era vorba de o ocupaţie pe timp de război, şi nu una definitivă. De asemenea diplomatul român trebuia să-l chestioneze pe Ristici în legătură cu intenţia trupelor sârbeşti de a lua în stăpânire Belogradcikul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj38BqzLTrhm_nCKcfKKZaikFI8FQADwO4AiyQDFxqFTErHAwRmK51RpmgOaYVDBtAUyoGvInHWfJh8q9stuvYNUv9w0xeURi3n5-yKys1U41sdvwb9QUQ160YsaYV_PM3F4OYoScaqhDTv/s1600-h/Milan+Obrenovic.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; color: #de7008; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj38BqzLTrhm_nCKcfKKZaikFI8FQADwO4AiyQDFxqFTErHAwRmK51RpmgOaYVDBtAUyoGvInHWfJh8q9stuvYNUv9w0xeURi3n5-yKys1U41sdvwb9QUQ160YsaYV_PM3F4OYoScaqhDTv/s320/Milan+Obrenovic.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Ziarul &quot;Românul&quot; insera în paginile sale din primele zile ale lunii ianuarie 1878 articole despre eliberarea de către trupele române a oraşului Niş, dar cu numeroase victime. Sunt inserate apoi şi alte ştiri despre un discurs pacifist al cneazului Milan şi că trupele române şi sârbe au preluat zona Vidinului. În ziarul următor se anunţă joncţiunea trupelor române şi sârbe. Iar în numerele din 14, 15 ianuarie 1878 acelaşi ziar anunţă vizita la Bucureşti, pe la Orşova, a cneazului &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;Milan Obrenovic&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;(1854-1901)&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(foto dreapta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   La 20 ianuarie 1878, într-o lungă telegramă, M.A. Petronievici vorbea despre întârzierea unui transport de arme din Rusia, prin România, spre Serbia. Acesta trecuse prin Iaşi, apoi prin Chitila şi trebuia să intre în Serbia pe la Turnu Severin. Din partea Serbiei de transport s-a ocupat un anume domn Trifkovici. Mai spre finalul raportului, agentul sârb ridicând din nou problema Vidinului, menţiona atitudinea fermă a lui Kogălniceanu care amintea de numeroasa populaţie românească din zonă. În schimb, Petronievici arăta că România ar trebui să se orienteze spre Basarabia, care era un teritoriu cu o populaţie românească mult mai compactă. În continuare Kogălniceanu a pus problema românilor din Serbia. Pe aceştia ambasadorul sârb îi numea &quot;români-sârbi&quot;, afirmând că în Serbia s-ar găsi vreo 120 000, dar că ar fi şi mai mulţi slavi în România&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. Asistăm la o schimbare de atitudine faţă de România a agentului sârb, când este vorba de interese teritoriale comune sau de acea chestiune &quot;sensibilă&quot; a românilor din Serbia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   La 28 ianuarie, însă, Petronievici afirma că generalul Ignatiev i-a asigurat că ministrul Kogălniceanu deja ceruse Vidinul pentru România, văzând că nu poate obţine Basarabia. Iar spre sfârşit, Petronievici îşi informa guvernul că armata română deja ar desfăşura operaţii în zona Timoc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. Se observă o şi mai mare îngrijorare a Serbiei, faţă de apropierea armatei române de acele regiuni din Serbia unde românii constituiau majoritatea populaţiei.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;Discuţiile româno-sârbe pe tema Vidinului au continuat şi în viitor, poziţia diplomaţiei româneşti rămânând, pe mai departe, fermă şi corectă faţă de părţile implicate. În nota din 9/21 februarie 1878, Petronievici scria la Belgrad că a avut o întâlnire cu Kogălniceanu, care i-a declarat că Vidinul ar trebui să rămână Bulgariei. Totodată Kogălniceanu declara că Rusia încearcă să reorienteze România, iar în schimbul cedării Basarabiei (sudul acesteia) către Rusia, aceasta să primească Vidinul şi Dobrogea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. Din acest pasaj, putem deduce inspiraţia şi flerul politic al lui Kogălniceanu, care îşi dădea seama cu claritate de priorităţile României în acea perioadă. Într-o altă telegramă din 14 februarie 1878, Petronievici amintea de o nouă întâlnire avută cu Kogălniceanu, care încă mai spera că România nu va pierde Basarabia şi că îşi va retrage, în curând trupele din sudul Dunării. S-a discutat şi despre viitoarea convenţie comercială dintre cele două state, Kogălniceanu afirmând că speră să fie semnată până la 1 mai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Despre disputele româno-sârbe asupra zonei Vidinului a scris şi David MacKenzie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. El arăta că acestea i-au îndepărtat pe principii celor două state, Carol şi Milan. Deşi ruşii îi autorizaseră pe români să ia în stăpânire oraşele Vidin şi Belogradcik, sârbii au încercat, şi ei, în secret să le captureze. Pentru a prevenii incidente, cartierul general rusesc a instruit forţele sârbe să se oprească la râul Adlie şi să permită românilor să ocupe cele două oraşe. Dar ruşii nu au reuşit să demarcheze clar zonele de interes sârbeşti şi româneşti. Când o unitate sârbă a penetrat poziţiile româneşti de lângă Belogradcik, ministrul român de externe, M. Kogălniceanu a ameninţat cu ruperea legăturilor diplomatice. Ristici, deşi a fost conciliator în răspuns, a continuat eforturile de a câştiga Vidinul pentru Serbia la masa tratativelor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;La 11 / 23 februarie 1878, la o lună de la declanşarea luptelor în zonă, s-a încheiat la Vidin o Convenţie între România şi Turcia prin care se stabileau condiţiile prin care fortăreaţa Vidin urma să fie cedată a doua zi de Turcia către trupele române. Aceleaşi condiţii erau prevăzute şi pentru fortăreaţa Belogradcik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. În felul acesta la 12 februarie 1878 trupele române intrau în Vidin, iar ziua următoare, în Belogradcik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCXfmndpylBsbYqPnRxPmO9y9dzp2Nox6pSCruKmIt36k7ocqmUEjjruLQGZikTKe9Dqk9uzepJg6ajKZtTgl90ROMOEqUx_pQ5sp-VdaOuHMwaMypVWNLllzDNQVBikWN0innAQOFuqa/s1600-h/N.P.Ignatiev.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; color: #de7008; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCXfmndpylBsbYqPnRxPmO9y9dzp2Nox6pSCruKmIt36k7ocqmUEjjruLQGZikTKe9Dqk9uzepJg6ajKZtTgl90ROMOEqUx_pQ5sp-VdaOuHMwaMypVWNLllzDNQVBikWN0innAQOFuqa/s320/N.P.Ignatiev.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   În final, la recomandarea &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;contelui N. Ignatiev&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;(1832-1908)&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(foto stânga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt; s-a hotărât ca Vidinul să revină Bulgariei datorită majorităţii populaţiei, şi să nu se dea câştig de cauză nici Serbiei, nici României. Serbia, în schimb era recompensată prin oraşul Niş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. Acelaşi diplomat rus, la cererea lui Gheorghe Catargi ca Serbia să primească şi Kosovo, Pirot şi Vidin, i-a replicat următoarele: &quot;Dumneavoastră aţi pornit prea târziu, destul de încet şi aţi pierdut ocazia de a intra împreună în Sofia, de a ocupa vechea Serbie şi o parte a Bosniei&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Agentul sârb la Bucureşti nota cu amărăciune faptul că Rusia continua să nu-şi ţină promisiunile, mai ales în ceea ce îi priveşte pe români, care sunt nevoiţi să cedeze sudul Basarabiei. România a luat unele măsuri pentru a împiedica acest lucru, dar totul era în zadar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. În acest sens, la 7 februarie 1878, agenţia sârbă arăta că la orele 11,50 Camerele Parlamentului votaseră legea ce stabilea integritatea teritorială a României&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   La 19 februarie / 3 martie 1878 s-a încheiat Tratatul de pace de la San Stefano între Rusia şi Turcia. În ceea ce ne priveşte acesta recunoştea independenţa României, Serbiei şi Muntenegrului la articolul 5 şi crearea unui mare principat autonom al Bulgariei cu ieşire la Marea Neagră şi Marea Egee. Dintre acestea doar Muntenegrul şi principatul Bulgariei erau mulţumite de hotărâri, deoarece România, Serbia, chiar şi Grecia protestau împotriva tratatului socotind că interesele lor fuseseră ocolite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Cu toate acestea chiar şi populaţia din regiunea Vidinului se arăta favorabilă României. Astfel în martie 1878 consulul Franţei la Bucureşti afirma că 35 de comune din sangeacul Vidin au semnat petiţii pentru a obţine garnizoane româneşti şi a evita fie administraţia rusă, fie ocupaţia sârbă&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Istoricul John Mariott afirmă că România a fost tratată cu ingratitudine la San Stefano iar Bismarck nu a intervenit în favoarea României (în ciuda legăturilor dinastice) pentru că purtarea Rusiei faţă de România o putea îndepărta pe aceasta de Rusia şi o va aduce mai aproape de, aliata sa, Austro-Ungaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Atât la San Stefano cât şi la Berlin s-au recunoscut drepturile Bulgariei asupra Vidinului, deşi în regiune, se găseşte şi astăzi o puternică populaţie românească. Dar conducătorii României de atunci nu au uitat de aceşti români, de toţi românii din peninsula Balcanică, şi au încercat adesea să le vină în sprijin. Ca un epilog la cele înfăţişate mai sus, în cursul anului 1879 cu ocazia unor discuţii avute cu M. Mitilineu, viitor Ministru al României la Belgrad, agentul sârb, M. Petronievici, află şi despre intenţia României de a deschide Consulate la Niş şi Negotin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;, în imediata vecinătate a Vidinului. Dar la 4 decembrie 1879 Petronievici primeşte un răspuns ferm de la Belgrad în această privinţă. Autorităţile sârbe îl instruiesc pe agent că sunt împotriva creării oricărui consulat românesc la Niş sau Negotin, respingând orice discuţii pe această temă&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;. În plus, autorităţile române puse în dilemă, deoarece se pare că nu voiau să pună încă în discuţie această problemă, au trebuit să nege asemenea idei, arătând că fusese numai ideea d-lui Mitilineu, Boerescu afirmând despre acest lucru că &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;nous en parlons plus tard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;   Aceste evenimente au tulburat într-o anumită măsură bunele rapoarte dintre România şi Serbia în acea perioadă, chiar dacă au existat adesea momente de competiţie între cele două state. Totul a fost însă în zadar, deoarece zona în dispută a fost anexată Principatului Autonom al Bulgariei în cele din urmă. David MacKenzie este însă şi mai ferm la adresa raporturilor româno-sârbe din acea perioadă, remarcând cu amărăciune că &quot;moştenirea parteneriatului de război sârbo-român a fost gelozie şi nu prietenie&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(Pentru mai multe detalii, vezi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;„Istorie şi societate”, vol. 1, coordonatori Marusia Cîrstea, Sorin Liviu Damean, Doru Liciu, Editura „Mica Valahie”, Bucureşti, 2004, pp. 203-211&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;RO&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;edn1&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/9053208228403177186/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/02/problema-vidinului-si-relatiile-romano_12.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/9053208228403177186'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/9053208228403177186'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2010/02/problema-vidinului-si-relatiile-romano_12.html' title='PROBLEMA VIDINULUI ŞI RELAŢIILE ROMÂNO-SÂRBE ÎN PREAJMA TRATATULUILUI DE PACE DE LA SAN STEFANO (1878)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkSxrnkq8bCWOhU7voKXXaHGyPkOPDE17XCghXIAAss-2J42Pyff1p6GwcuCdOxSzkhiIY-1_yvNM0sskk-YMGBDmlRlImyMYccZtfBN_jF0swUfKtJ0WKfO9-DSxtMqhQq1EjeieKwfXE/s72-c/Lascar+Catargiu+(1823-1899).jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-6871620133840785080</id><published>2009-11-24T12:29:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.646+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Aerenthal"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Belgrad"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Beograd"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Milovanovic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="România"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Srbija"/><title type='text'>România şi criza sârbo-austro-ungară din anii 1908-1909</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; style=&quot;font: normal normal bold 160%/normal Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-header-line-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;post-body entry-content&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;cest moment de cumpănă al relaţiilor internaţionale a avut un ecou deosebit în epocă, fiind perceput de unii istorici ca reprezentând un fel de preludiu al Primului Război Mondial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Criza sârbo-austro-ungară s-a petrecut pe fondul mai larg al crizei bosniace, fiind, de fapt, aspectul cel mai dramatic al acesteia. Aceasta a fost provocată de monarhia Habsburgică şi Imperiul Ţarist, care încercau să îşi asigure hegemonia în Balcani. Conflictul dintre cele două a avut implicaţii deosebite asupra scenei politice europene deoarece celelalte mari puteri, în frunte cu Germania, Italia, Franţa şi Marea Britanie s-au văzut obligate, ca în funcţie de interesele lor, să ia atitudine faţă de conflictul dintre Viena şi Sankt Petersburg.&lt;br /&gt;Momentele care au tensionat cel mai mult scena politică europeană au fost reprezentate de evenimentele petrecute în toamna anului 1908, respectiv anexarea Bosniei şi Herţegovinei de către Austro-Ungaria şi proclamarea independenţei Bulgariei, prin transformarea acesteia în regat (ţarat). Aceste evenimente, la rândul lor, s-au petrecut pe fondul instabilităţii din Imperiul Otoman, cauzată de revoluţia „Junilor turci”. Desfăşurarea evenimentelor din 1908 a fost pregătită sistematic de diplomaţia vieneză, cu începere din 1906, când la conducerea acesteia a ajuns contele &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;Alois von Aerenthal (1854-1912) (foto dreapta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGUU8-FwjDKH1ai79K1wv2A5hSb1XKeVygvgXtjNtnZWA5Af2UYf7k58Ft7wu73VA3ejnqRoHJ9uF59iNTCLNAaqlDadEflJU9MnaNvOpjqp_6TdWvuhc-65hsZQ6iwcvPmQ3R2uqCTl4v/s1600-h/Alois_Lexa_von_%C3%84hrenthal.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGUU8-FwjDKH1ai79K1wv2A5hSb1XKeVygvgXtjNtnZWA5Af2UYf7k58Ft7wu73VA3ejnqRoHJ9uF59iNTCLNAaqlDadEflJU9MnaNvOpjqp_6TdWvuhc-65hsZQ6iwcvPmQ3R2uqCTl4v/s320/Alois_Lexa_von_%C3%84hrenthal.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;considerat de unii drept artizanul crizei bosniace din 1908. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;Agresivitatea politicii externe austro-ungare, mai ales în ceea ce priveşte problemele balcanice a fost conferită şi de numirea ca şef al statului major a lui Conrad von Hoetzendorf (1852-1925)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Acţiunea energică a diplomaţiei vieneze s-a produs şi pe fondul incapacităţii de reacţie a Rusiei, care încă se resimţea de pe urma înfrângerii din războiul cu Japonia şi a revoluţiei din anii 1905-1907, nemaiputând astfel să intervină prompt în favoarea aliatului său tradiţional, Serbia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;   Anexarea Bosniei a provocat o mare nemulţumire în Serbia, ceea ce a dus la numeroase manifestaţii la Belgrad împotriva Austro-Ungariei, apoi chiar la pregătiri militare. Întreaga opinie publică din Serbia s-a arătat deranjată de acţiunea vecinului de la nord. Iniţial diplomaţia sârbă a contat pe sprijinul Rusiei. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6-qkkJ_fECgS0quk-RiWvUDbo4iyfDA_rKH-2g1o06_iH6coGlTeIFO6kjTcnNnFQMJvuii_0_CDtH5Q6EqM3rjTRpan-dVg3dUsCtsibcAEf3UcXG5V4snOuWoM3E5Ishs1PWNf_nFrX/s1600-h/MilovanMilovanovic.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6-qkkJ_fECgS0quk-RiWvUDbo4iyfDA_rKH-2g1o06_iH6coGlTeIFO6kjTcnNnFQMJvuii_0_CDtH5Q6EqM3rjTRpan-dVg3dUsCtsibcAEf3UcXG5V4snOuWoM3E5Ishs1PWNf_nFrX/s320/MilovanMilovanovic.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;În acest sens ministrul de externe al Serbiei, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;Milovan Milovanović (1863-1912) (foto stânga)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;, într-o întrevedere pe care a avut-o în august 1908 cu omologul său rus, A.P. Izvolski (1856-1919), a fost sfătuit să ceară compensaţii în cazul includerii Bosniei şi Herţegovinei în cadrul Austro-Ungariei. Cu toate acestea, două săptămâni mai târziu, la Buchlau, în Cehia de azi, miniştrii de externe austro-ungar şi rus s-au înţeles în privinţa anexării Bosniei şi Herţegovinei la Dubla monarhie. Cu toată opoziţia Serbiei, care se pregătea chiar şi de un eventual război cu Dubla monarhie, hotărârea fusese luată. Indecizia Rusiei şi sprijinul german pentru Austro-Ungaria au tranşat problema în favoarea Vienei. Cu toate că Serbia a încheiat chiar şi un tratat de alianţă cu Muntenegrul în octombrie 1908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;, Rusia a dat înapoi şi a sfătuit Serbia la începutul anului 1909 să se abţină de la orice provocări faţă de Austro-Ungaria, ceea ce s-a şi întâmplat în lunile următoare.&lt;br /&gt;În privinţa poziţiei României faţă de evenimentele din 1908 trebuie amintită atitudinea regelui Carol I, care, deşi era un adept convins ale alianţei cu Puterile Centrale iar în ultimii ani păstrase o anumită răceală faţă de Serbia şi regele Petru, nu a subscris niciodată planurilor agresive ale Vienei în Balcani şi s-a pronunţat în mai multe rânduri, în perioada premergătoare izbucnirii crizei, pentru menţinerea unor bune raporturi între Austro-Ungaria şi Serbia, declarându-se ferm împotriva intenţiilor agresive ale Vienei faţă de Belgrad. O poziţie asemănătoare, chiar pro-sârbească avea şi Ionel Brătianu, ministrul de externe al României din acea perioadă&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Carol a criticat deschis atitudinea incorectă a baronului Aerenthal, care declarase la un moment dat că Serbia ar fi putut fi despăgubită printr-un loc în Comisia dunăreană, idee care nu era nici pe placul riveranilor, nici pe cel al României. În scrisorile către sora sa Maria, Carol vorbea şi despre situaţia grea a Serbiei, care la începutul anului 1909 era încă în fierbere, deşi pacea era deja asigurată&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;În perspectiva unui conflict diplomatic între Belgrad şi Viena, care ar fi putut degenera într-unul european, guvernul român a adoptat o decizie majoră în politica sa externă, avertizând Viena că într-o asemenea situaţie ţara noastră se va vedea obligată să denunţe obligaţiile care îi reveneau conform tratatului existent între România şi Tripla Alianţă. Cu toate acestea, poziţia Serbiei continua să fie destul de fragilă, ea fiind pe deplin conştientă că va fi foarte greu să conteze pe sprijinul uneia dintre Marile Puteri. În septembrie 1908, Milovan Milovanović a prezentat această situaţie dificilă a Serbiei şi însărcinatului cu afaceri al României la Belgrad, Constantin Conţescu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Demonstraţia de forţă a Puterilor Centrale cu ocazia crizei din 1908 a avut efect şi asupra diplomaţiei române, care a devenit mai receptivă la sfaturile venite dinspre Berlin şi Viena. Cu toate acestea, înlocuirea lui Dimitrie A. Sturdza (1833-1914) cu I.I.C. Brătianu (1864-1924) în 1909 la conducerea Partidului Naţional Liberal a făcut ca România să adopte o atitudine mult mai independentă.&lt;br /&gt;În legătură cu situaţia creată, însărcinatul cu afaceri al României la Sofia a avut o serie de discuţii cu omologul său sârb, Simić. Acesta, socotit ca fiind unul dintre apropiaţii lui Milovanović, arăta că Belgradul considera că, dacă o singură putere europeană nu va recunoaşte anexarea Bosniei şi Herţegovinei, atunci chestiunea va rămâne în suspans, permiţând soluţionarea acesteia în timp, în concordanţă cu aspiraţiile naţionale ale poporului sârb. Din punctul de vedere al lui Simić, Serbia era gata pentru o luptă decisivă, această problemă fiind una de care depindea întregul viitor al ţării sale, dar totul se putea face numai cu ajutorul Rusiei. Atât Austro-Ungaria, cât şi Serbia au făcut intense pregătiri de război în lunile septembrie, octombrie 1908. Cele ale Serbiei erau de natură defensivă şi aveau în vedere masarea tuturor garnizoanelor din Belgrad pe Dunăre datorită temerii faţă de un atac din nord. Pregătiri asemănătoare se făceau şi pe celălalt mal al Dunării, pe teritoriul ungar. Acestea aveau în vedere intimidarea Serbiei, dar şi a Rusiei care în acea perioadă trecea printr-o gravă criză financiară şi militară&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Situaţia dificilă în care se găsea Serbia a făcut-o să-şi înteţească eforturile pentru atragerea vecinilor de partea sa în cazul unui conflict cu Viena. Privirile Belgradului erau îndreptate către Muntenegru, Bulgaria, dar şi Turcia şi România. astfel în luna octombrie 1908 în presa belgrădeană au apărut o serie de articole de simpatie faţă de statul român şi mai ales faţă de soarta românilor din Transilvania. Ziarele vorbeau despre o luptă comună a celor două state pentru apărarea intereselor lor comune din provinciile aparţinând Dublei Monarhii. În aceeaşi perioadă, sub lozinca „Trăiască România şi românii subjugaţi” a avut loc o mare manifestaţie în faţa legaţiei române din Serbia iar în Skupština de la Belgrad, ministrul sârb de externe, dr. Milovan Milovanović îşi exprima regretul că relaţiile cu România, deşi destul de amicale, nu erau cultivate mai îndeaproape. De asemenea, oficialităţile belgrădene au trimis telegrame de mulţumire atât unor ziare româneşti, precum „Adevărul”, „Dimineaţa”, „Conservatorul”, cât şi unor personalităţi româneşti precum N. Iorga, A.D. Xenopol, T. Maiorescu, P.P. Carp, care în ultimele luni apăraseră punctul de vedere al Serbiei şi se situaseră cu totul alături de aceasta. În această atmosferă cordială istoricul sârb Jovan Radonić (1873-1956) a mers la Bucureşti unde a luat legătura cu membrii Ligii Culturale în vederea unei acţiuni comune a românilor şi sârbilor din Imperiul habsburgic. Acelaşi ton amical îl întâlnim şi în depeşa confidenţială trimisă de ministrul sârb de externe dr. M. Milovanović omologului său român, Ionel Brătianu, prin intermediul ministrului sârb la Bucureşti, M.G. Ristić. Astfel, Milovanović îi transmitea cele mai călduroase mulţumiri lui Brătianu pentru declaraţiile amicale ale acestuia faţă de Serbia şi îşi exprima speranţa pentru consolidarea solidarităţii dintre România şi Serbia. Milovanović îşi încheia pledoaria arătând că Serbia nu va uita ajutorul României din acele momente şi că ţara sa se va achita mai devreme sau mai târziu faţă de vecinii săi care au sprijinit-o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Deşi era din ce în ce mai puţin probabil ca Serbia să aibă sorţi de izbândă, aceasta s-a menţinut pe poziţii şi a cerut compensaţii, chiar şi în primele luni ale anului 1909. Acest lucru era semnalat şi de ministrul român la Belgrad, Victor Cuciureanu în rapoartele sale din ianuarie 1909. Astfel, acesta considera că nu mai exista niciun om politic la Belgrad care să creadă că cererile guvernului sârb condus de Pera Velimirović (1848-1921), în privinţa autonomiei Bosniei şi Herţegovinei sau a compensaţiilor teritoriale ar mai putea fi satisfăcute, cu toate că diplomaţia sârbă continua să le susţină&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Ceea ce era de aşteptat s-a întâmplat în a doua jumătate a lunii februarie 1909. Astfel, Rusia, ţinând cont şi de recomandarea venită de la Londra, a sfătuit Serbia să renunţe la orice compensaţii teritoriale. Văzându-se singură, Serbia a trebuit să recunoască noua situaţie din Bosnia prin circulara guvernului sârb din 25 februarie/10 martie 1909&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Serbia era astfel nevoită să îşi ceară public scuze şi să renunţe la pretenţiile sale. Pe plan extern, acest act a fost văzut nu neapărat ca o înfrângere a Serbiei, ci mai degrabă ca o capitulare a Rusiei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Un an mai târziu diplomaţia rusă şi-a recunoscut înfrângerea prin înlocuirea lui Izvolski cu Sazonov la conducerea ministerului de externe.&lt;br /&gt;Serbia a încercat să reziste presiunilor internaţionale până în ultimul moment, fie prin intermediul noului guvern condus de Stojan Novaković, fie prin diverse ziare oficiale, precum Samouprava, care îndemnau în articolele lor la rezistenţă&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Austria întreţinea şi ea aceste agitaţii din Serbia prin diverse afirmaţii ale cercurilor guvernamentale sau ale presei, ajungându-se în luna februarie 1909 la ameninţări directe ale Austro-Ungariei cu privire la ocuparea Serbiei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Pe de altă parte, ministrul României la Belgrad, V. Cuciureanu, susţinea că atitudinea Rusiei, care pe cale oficială refuzase orice act de susţinere a Serbiei, pare să se fi schimbat în martie 1909, având în vedere că aceasta transmitea acum Belgradului să nu recunoască anexarea celor două provincii de către vecinul de la nord&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;, deşi diplomaţia ţaristă ştia că o asemenea poziţie din partea Serbiei nu putea influenţa în niciun fel mersul evenimentelor.&lt;br /&gt;În martie 1909, încordarea dintre Serbia şi Asutro-Ungaria ajungând la cote foarte înalte, forţele politice şi militare din România au fost nevoite să îşi ia toate măsurile de precauţie în eventualitatea unui conflict între cele două state mai sus menţionate. Astfel ministrul britanic la Bucureşti, Sir William C. Greene, nota în rapoartele sale despre zvonurile care circulau la Bucureşti în martie 1909 în legătură cu pregătirile guvernului român pentru mobilizarea Corpului I Armată. Această măsură avea menirea strategică de a proteja România în eventualitatea înfrângerii armatei sârbe şi împingerii ei pe teritoriul României de către armata austro-ungară. Totuşi ministrul britanic considera că implicarea României în conflictul sârbo-austro-ungar era puţin probabilă, mai ales datorită relaţiilor de bună vecinătate dintre cele două state&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsNgfbgAekT3zL4fY9sm_GHVPtjeMNEi2awA_nAyi1o6SPm-Ir04Eh3QCIIM-lpbhq4wuKju4WGPr0LPSG4Fmdf29V0eFgAn4n9JAh283QDhgyoGHZwhKfcwx8IAnAkOWRpNkykkLCPgeH/s1600-h/Carol+I.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsNgfbgAekT3zL4fY9sm_GHVPtjeMNEi2awA_nAyi1o6SPm-Ir04Eh3QCIIM-lpbhq4wuKju4WGPr0LPSG4Fmdf29V0eFgAn4n9JAh283QDhgyoGHZwhKfcwx8IAnAkOWRpNkykkLCPgeH/s320/Carol+I.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;   Acelaşi diplomat britanic mai sus amintit arăta în rapoartele sale că în cadrul unei întrevederi cu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;regele Carol I (1839-1914)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;(foto dreapta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt; din luna aprilie 1909, acesta i-ar fi declarat că, după eşuarea soluţiei aducerii unui „Prinţ european”, instaurarea unei regenţe solide ar fi fost un avantaj politic pentru Serbia. În ceea ce priveşte viitorul economic al Serbiei, Carol era de părere că acesteia i-ar fi fost mult mai bine dacă s-ar fi integrat economic în cadrul Imperiului Dualist decât să rămână izolată, aşa cum se găsea atunci, şi privată de acces la mare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Serbia a acţionat pe diverse planuri în încercarea sa disperată de a împiedica anexarea. În acest sens ministrul român la Constantinopol relata în noiembrie 1909 despre încercările fără succes ale Serbiei de a ajunge la un acord cu Turcia pentru încheierea unei alianţe. Ministrul român considera că Serbia dorea mai degrabă împiedicarea unui acord austro-turc în privinţa Bosniei şi Herţegovinei. În aceste condiţii guvernul României în frunte cu Ionel Brătianu înţelegea situaţia grea în care se afla Serbia şi de aceea încerca să convingă cele două state aflate în dispută să evite declanşarea unui conflict armat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Chiar dacă din punct de vedere politic România era angrenată faţă de Puterile Centrale, începând cu această criză se poate observa un anumit început de distanţare a ţării noastre faţă de grupul politico-militar amintit mai sus, şi mai ales faţă de mai-marele vecin de la nord-vest.&lt;br /&gt;În ceea ce priveşte atitudinea opiniei publice din România faţă de evenimentele din 1908-1909, putem spune că ea a fost total defavorabilă Austro-Ungariei şi clar în favoarea Serbiei. Aceste evenimente au avut loc într-o perioadă când procesul de maghiarizare a românilor transilvăneni era în plină desfăşurare. Românii şi-au manifestat în mod deschis simpatia faţă de Serbia şi totalul dezacord faţă de politica austro-ungară.&lt;br /&gt;O asemenea manifestare de simpatie a fost descrisă în luna iulie 1909 de un funcţionar al Legaţiei Turciei la Belgrad, într-un raport către ministrul turc de externe, Mehmed Rifat paşa (1860-1925). Din respectivul raport aflăm despre sosirea la Belgrad în ziua de duminică, 11 iulie 1909 a unui grup de circa 300 români din Bucureşti, Turnu Severin şi alte oraşe româneşti. Aceştia au fost foarte frumos primiţi de populaţia şi autorităţile belgrădene. Ei erau însoţiţi de senatorul Titus Frumuşanu, care, la banchetul dat în onoarea oaspeţilor români de municipalitatea belgrădeană, a rostit un discurs preluat de numeroase ziare din Serbia. „Noi nu venim ca delegaţi ai guvernului român, ci ca delegaţi ai poporului român pentru a dovedi poporului sârb simpatia şi dragostea noastră. Poporul român nu împărtăşeşte ideile guvernului român în privinţa politicii externe. Românii doresc prietenia sârbilor, alături de care ei vor lupta împotriva duşmanului comun până la ultima picătură de sânge. Prin eroica lor rezistenţă contra Austriei, sârbii au ştiut să câştige simpatia tuturor românilor şi a lumii civilizate de aceea eu strig: Trăiască Serbia, trăiască prietenia româno-sârbă, trăiască Confederaţia balcanică”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;A doua zi, grupul de români s-a întreţinut îndelung cu Maiestatea Sa, Regele Petru I şi cu ministrul de externe, Milovan Milovanović, aflaţi la plimbare în parcul Topčider. În după-amiaza aceleiaşi zile Milovanović s-a deplasat la hotelul Moskva, unde erau cazaţi românii, şi a continuat discuţiile cu aceşti pentru câteva ore. Grupul de români a părăsit Belgradul în seara zilei de 12 iulie, când, în jurul orelor 23, s-au deplasat spre debarcader însoţiţi de o mare mulţime care îi aclama strigând „Trăiască românii!, Trăiască prietenia româno-sârbă!”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;   Un aspect interesant al acestui episod este acela că vizita excursioniştilor români la Belgrad a coincis cu prezenţa la Sinaia a arhiducelui Franz Ferdinand, dar cercurile diplomatice din cele trei state au afişat o atitudine prin care păreau să nu dea nicio importanţă acestei coincidenţe.&lt;br /&gt;Această stare de fapt a fost primită cu o deosebită satisfacţie la Belgrad, iar la Bucureşti au avut loc o serie de acţiuni de protest. Astfel, pentru manifestaţia din 19 octombrie / 1 noiembrie 1908 au fost concentrate numeroase trupe de jandarmi pentru a proteja clădirea legaţiei austro-ungare din Bucureşti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. Asemenea manifestaţii au avut loc şi la Craiova, Brăila, Bacău. De asemenea, acţiuni de protest de genul celor amintite mai sus au avut loc şi în faţa Camerei Deputaţilor, cu ocazia dezbaterii adresei de răspuns la mesajul tronului din toamna anului 1908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Alte ziare, mai ales cele de stânga, precum Dimineaţa şi Adevărul, au dus adevărate campanii împotriva monarhiei de Habsburg datorită politicii acesteia faţă de românii transilvăneni. Adevărul declara răspicat că românii erau alături Serbiei, deoarece dreptatea era de partea acesteia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;. România Muncitoare considera că Austria nu are niciun drept asupra Bosniei şi Herţegovinei, deoarece aceste provincii au fost luate Serbiei de către turci, apoi anexate de Viena, iar sârbii reprezentau populaţia majoritară a celor două provincii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Evenimentele din anii 1908-1909 au fost percepute în epocă ca reprezentând un succes incontestabil al Dublei Monarhii. Pentru România însă momentul a reprezentat începutul desprinderii de Tripla Alianţă, fapt observat cu o mai mare claritate în anii 1912-1913. În privinţa relaţiilor româno-sârbe aceste evenimente au demonstrat că, în ciuda anumitor perioade de neîncredere reciprocă, conducătorii şi populaţia celor două state erau net favorabili unei apropieri între România şi Serbia în plan politic şi diplomatic şi net împotriva Vienei, datorită practicilor bazate pe intimidare şi forţă ale acesteia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia; font-size: 17px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(Pentru mai multe detalii, vezi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Magister&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;, nr. 5, noiembrie 2007, Editura Arves, Craiova, 2007, pp. 25-26.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/6871620133840785080/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2009/11/romania-si-criza-sarbo-austro-ungara.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/6871620133840785080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/6871620133840785080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2009/11/romania-si-criza-sarbo-austro-ungara.html' title='România şi criza sârbo-austro-ungară din anii 1908-1909'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGUU8-FwjDKH1ai79K1wv2A5hSb1XKeVygvgXtjNtnZWA5Af2UYf7k58Ft7wu73VA3ejnqRoHJ9uF59iNTCLNAaqlDadEflJU9MnaNvOpjqp_6TdWvuhc-65hsZQ6iwcvPmQ3R2uqCTl4v/s72-c/Alois_Lexa_von_%C3%84hrenthal.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-1232700974380646244</id><published>2009-03-01T20:44:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:45:24.668+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1880"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1913"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="diplomatic history"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Romania"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><title type='text'>&amp;quot;Romanian - Serbian Diplomatic Relationships, 1880 - 1913&amp;quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;color:#000099;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;color:#000000;&quot;&gt;Bogdan CATANA, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Romanian - Serbian Diplomatic Relationships, 1880 - 1913&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova, 2009, 363 pages (in Romanian). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;color:#000000;&quot;&gt;ISBN 978-606-510-358-0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;color:#000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSabKu8x7pRk6-LiCmdDCpif48Zo8I4dWfzBBVeIXqXRgW5WA54qEnoAknfocr_79-lC85x_vnu7s_HYX24UaquDCScTELacvX6OBYwtHxDoxj3VnpX6pZEJoNCjxswGXpYiHmbEhTxq5/s1600-h/coperta.carte.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 226px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307205061713309362&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSabKu8x7pRk6-LiCmdDCpif48Zo8I4dWfzBBVeIXqXRgW5WA54qEnoAknfocr_79-lC85x_vnu7s_HYX24UaquDCScTELacvX6OBYwtHxDoxj3VnpX6pZEJoNCjxswGXpYiHmbEhTxq5/s320/coperta.carte.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The book was released in February 2009 by the University of Craiova Publishing House, &quot;Universitaria&quot; and it&#39;s about the first part of author&#39;s Ph.D. thesis, “Romanian-Serbian Relationships, 1880 - 1920”, for which he received the Ph.D. degree in history in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study approaches the relationships between Romania and Serbia, focusing on the political and diplomatic relationships between 1880 and 1913. The landmarks of this work are two common and important moments in the modern history of the two countries, respectively the international recognition of their full independence, on one hand, and the end of the Balkan wars / 1913 Bucharest Peace Treaty, on the other hand.&lt;br /&gt;The originality of this book is its focus, its critique of the few published secondary sources and its use and analysis of numerous original documents from Romanian and Serbian archives. ‘Local’ and international events are interwoven. A number of unique insights are presented, using the lens of previously neglected and unpublished materials. Nevertheless, most of the primary information was taken from the Archive of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Romanian National Historical Archives, the Archives of Serbia and Yugoslavia.&lt;br /&gt;The Romanian, as well as the Serbian / Yugoslav historiography usually seemed to ignore the relationships between the two states within the studied period. The historians approached mainly the relationships of each country with the great powers of that time such as Austria-Hungary, France, Russia or Great Britain. The causes of the historians’ disinterest regarding this period could be the lack of some major international events that could have put together the two states. For the period before 1900 there was only one attempt to fulfill a complete scientific study of this matter, i.e. Miodrag Milin’s 1992: Romanian–Serbian political relationships in the modern era (the 19th century). This work extends the time period considered by Milin’s earlier work, and broadens and deepens an understanding of the interactions between the two countries and their wider impact.&lt;br /&gt;Analysis of the early period includes coverage of the Romanian-Serbian affairs during the Oriental Crisis (1875– 1878), their separate wars with the Ottoman Empire, and the recognition of their independence within the Berlin Congress from 1878.&lt;br /&gt;The introductory chapter also pays a great attention to the dynastic connections between Romania and Serbia in the second half of the 19th century. There we analyzed the marriages of some important members of the Obrenović dynasty with different private persons from Romania, or of Romanian origin, and the visits of the Serbian monarchs in Romania. We also pointed out the landed properties that the Serbian dynasties owned in Romania.&lt;br /&gt;After the historiography and introductory chapters, the third one analyses the Romanian-Serbian relationships during 1880s, focusing on the second Bucharest peace treaty (1886), which was reestablishing the Balkan status quo preceding the Serbian-Bulgarian war from 1885.&lt;br /&gt;The first part of this chapter presents a series of diplomatic and economic aspects of the Romanian- Serbian relationships from early 1880s, most of them being discovered in the Serbian and Romanian archives. We also made a short presentation of the 1883 peasant rebellion from the Timoc area of Serbia. We halted to this aspect because of the significant number of ethnic Romanians who live in the region. Nevertheless, this event is nothing but a matter of Serbia’s internal affairs, without any implication upon the Romanian-Serbian relationships, although some of the leaders of the Serbian Radical Party, including Nikola Pašić, fled to Romania, before being welcomed in Bulgaria, and receiving the help and encouragement of the Bulgarian authorities.&lt;br /&gt;The author suggests that many regional events were neglected by earlier historiography because they did not produce any immediately apparent changes to the European or Balkan political scene, and uses the second Bucharest Peace Treaty of 1886, which re-established the Balkan status quo after the 1885 Serbian-Bulgarian war, as an example, making the case that for Romania this treaty has a symbolic importance, since the ‘Great Powers’ restated their endorsement of Romania as an independent state.&lt;br /&gt;In the exploration of inter-state relations from 1890 to 1910 archival documents are used to illuminate a period of warming and cooling diplomacy. For example, diplomatic reports from Belgrade and Bucharest show how the Romanian and Serbian Ministers and diplomatic corps interpreted the changing situation. One fascinating example is the reaction to the Bosnian crisis of 1908–1909, with an analysis of the causes and consequences of open support for the Serbian cause by leading Romanian politicians and intellectuals such as Iorga, Xenopol, Carp, and Maiorescu. The author shows how recorded diplomatic post and telegrams, demonstrate the appreciation that Belgrade politicians felt for this support, and explain the improving relationship between the two countries for a time.&lt;br /&gt;Further papers are used to show how a new tension developed between Romania and Serbia around 1900 over national minorities, with the Romanian government making appeals to Belgrade to ‘defend’ the interests of the 160 000 ethnic Romanians, or Vlachs to the Serbs, resident in eastern Serbia’s Timoc River Valley region.&lt;br /&gt;Again highlighting the way that ‘local’ issues reveal wider sub-texts, the last section of this chapter is dedicated to a new topic for the Romanian historiography, that of the Romanian-Serbian negotiations regarding the construction of a railway bridge across the Danube. Except the technical work written during the interwar period by the railway engineer, M. Tudor, the Romanian historiography didn’t record approaches of this topic. On the other hand, the Serbian / Yugoslav historiography collaterally approached this subject because it was in a close connection with an important topic of the Serbian history from the beginning of the 20th century, the Adriatic railway, that was to start from the Romanian border on the Danube. The construction of such a bridge, directly connected with the Adriatic railway, could provide measureless possibilities both for the Serbian and Romanian foreign trade. Most of the materials used for writing this chapter come from the Romanian and Serbian archives, and also from the above-mentioned collection of documents of the Serbian Academy.&lt;br /&gt;A period of maximum intensity for the relationships between Romania and Serbia was that of the Balkan wars and the Bucharest Peace Treaty from 1913. Most of the historians who treated this topic presented it mainly from the point of view of Romania’s or Serbia’s position during the war or of the peace negotiations from Bucharest and much less from the point of view of the Romanian–Serbian diplomatic relationships. Besides the above mentioned topics, this chapter also presents a few echoes of the foreign press about what was happening in Bucharest in the summer of 1913, only one year before the ‘Great War’. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:georgia;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Although the book contains plenty of archival materials, there are also other archival records to which either we didn’t have access or we didn’t reach. These can be used in the future by those who wish to complete the image that this work managed to create for the political and diplomatic relationships between Romania and Serbia. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The book contains also a concise set of appendices, a vast and detailed bibliography, a general index, maps, illustrations of the key monarchs, politicians and diplomatists, and an English summary.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/feeds/1232700974380646244/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2009/03/serbian-diplomatic-relationships-1880_01.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/1232700974380646244'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/1232700974380646244'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2009/03/serbian-diplomatic-relationships-1880_01.html' title='&amp;quot;Romanian - Serbian Diplomatic Relationships, 1880 - 1913&amp;quot;'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvSabKu8x7pRk6-LiCmdDCpif48Zo8I4dWfzBBVeIXqXRgW5WA54qEnoAknfocr_79-lC85x_vnu7s_HYX24UaquDCScTELacvX6OBYwtHxDoxj3VnpX6pZEJoNCjxswGXpYiHmbEhTxq5/s72-c/coperta.carte.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6668213872412682904.post-4297224702898685941</id><published>2009-02-12T22:17:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2018-02-17T17:18:00.905+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1880"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1913"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="diplomaţie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="istorie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="România"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serbia"/><title type='text'>&amp;quot;Relaţii Diplomatice Româno-Sârbe, 1880-1913&amp;quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bogdan CATANA, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Relaţii Diplomatice Româno-Sârbe, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1880-1913&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, Editura Universitaria, Craiova, 2009, 363 pagini.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;; font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #663300;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;„Un model de muncă onestă, dăruită cercetării fundamentale, de arhivă şi de izvoare, comentării şi interpretării superioare, ponderate şi judicioase a înfăptuirilor istoriografice de la noi şi de la vecinii noştri. Un stil sobru, dar şi alert, cu o frazare lejeră, accesibilă, rezultat al unei rafinări alese (şi în acord cu un barometru viu, al propriului ego profesional), a uriaşei avalanşe de informaţie. Rezultatul, o reuşită istoriografică majoră, ce stă, cu îndreptăţire, alături de cele câteva izbânzi, de reper, la hotarele cunoaşterii, despre noi şi cei ce ne sunt aproape”.&lt;/em&gt;Miodrag MILIN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000066; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;; font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;Apărută în luna februarie 2009 la Editura Universităţii din Craiova, &quot;Universitaria&quot;, lucrarea de faţă este produsul unei activităţi de cercetare şi documentare desfăşurată între anii 2001 – 2006 în arhive şi biblioteci din România şi Serbia. Rezultatul final al acestor strădanii s-a concretizat în teza de doctorat cu titlul „Relaţii româno-sârbe în perioada 1880 – 1920”, a cărei susţinere publică a avut loc în primăvara anului 2008. Sinteza de faţă reprezintă doar prima parte a tezei de doctorat mai sus menţionate şi abordează problematica relaţiilor diplomatice şi politice dintre România şi Serbia în perioada cuprinsă între anii 1880 şi 1913. Punctele de reper ale lucrării sunt reprezentate de două momente importante din istoria modernă a celor două state, respectiv recunoaşterea internaţională deplină a independenţei lor de stat, pe de o parte, şi tratatul de pace de la Bucureşti din 1913, pe de alta. Caracterul inedit al lucrării este dat de multitudinea de izvoare primare folosite, iar aici avem în vedere numeroasele trimiteri la documente consultate de autor în Arhiva Ministerului Român al Afacerilor Externe, Arhivele Naţionale Istorice Centrale de la Bucureşti, Arhiva Serbiei, Arhiva Academiei Sârbe de Ştiinţe şi Arte şi Arhiva Iugoslaviei.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;Necesitatea efectuării unui asemenea studiu are la bază în primul rând raritatea lucrărilor de specialitate pe această temă. Astfel, atât istoriografia română, cât şi cea sârbă/iugoslavă par să ignore raporturile dintre cele două state din această perioadă, ocupându-se mai ales de raporturile României şi Serbiei cu marile puteri ale vremii precum Austro-Ungaria, Franţa, Rusia sau Anglia, iar aici avem în vedere mai ales perioada de început a secolului al XX-lea. Probabil că lipsa unor evenimente internaţionale majore care să implice cele două state a fost una dintre cauzele acestui dezinteres al istoricilor pentru această perioadă. Dacă pentru perioada anterioară anului 1900 există un studiu complet asupra acestei problematici - este vorba de admirabila lucrare a domnului Miodrag Milin - de la începutul secolului al XX-lea şi până la izbucnirea Primului Război Mondial, cu mici excepţii în perioada crizei bosniace din 1908 şi a războaielor balcanice din anii 1912 – 1913, nu au mai existat deloc preocupări în acest domeniu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prin această lucrare avem în vedere nu numai prezentarea legăturilor diplomatice dintre România şi Serbia, ci şi relevarea unor aspecte din viaţa politică internă de la Belgrad şi Bucureşti sau percepţia unor evenimente ale scenei politice europene de către forurile conducătoare din cele două capitale prin prizma şi prin ochii miniştrilor români şi sârbi de la Belgrad şi Bucureşti. Nu puteam trece peste acest aspect deoarece o mare parte din lucrare are la bază tocmai telegramele şi rapoartele diplomatice ale miniştrilor români şi sârbi acreditaţi la Belgrad şi Bucureşti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fără a minimaliza importanţa relaţiilor româno-sârbe din perioada anterioară celei studiate de noi, am dorit ca prin această lucrare să realizăm o schimbare de optică asupra istoriei relaţiilor dintre cele două state de la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului al XX-lea. Am încercat astfel să realizăm o lucrare ştiinţifică, cât mai obiectivă care să treacă peste stereotipurile puţinelor lucrări dedicate relaţiilor româno-sârbe din secolul al XIX-lea. Majoritatea acestor studii, articole sau lucrări prezintă această temă din perspectiva unor relaţii seculare de bună vecinătate şi înţelegere, între două popoare care de-a lungul secolelor nu au avut niciun conflict armat. În cea mai mare parte lucrurile sunt perfect adevărate, dar ele trebuie, totuşi, tratate cu obiectivitate şi cu accent pe latura ştiinţifică. Chiar dacă, în general, relaţiile au fost bune, probabil că termenul cel mai potrivit ar fi „amicale”, considerăm că, totuşi, colaborarea dintre cele două ţări nu a fost una prea fructuoasă şi nici nu s-a materializat vizibil, cu excepţia perioadei cuprinse între anii 1859 şi 1868.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nu dorim ca prin această lucrare să demitizăm acest subiect al aşa-ziselor relaţii seculare de bună vecinătate şi prietenie dintre popoarele român şi sârb, aşa cum au fost şi continuă să fie ele prezentate de unii istorici, ci doar o reaşezare pe un făgaş normal, fără exagerări, a relaţiilor dintre România şi Serbia de la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului al XX-lea, relaţii care, aşa cum se poate observa din capitolele cărţii, au fost, în general, bune, fără incidente diplomatice sau de alt gen. Pe de altă parte însă, colaborarea şi sprijinul reciproc ale României şi Serbiei pe scena politică europeană, sau chiar balcanică, au fost destul de reduse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Revenind în prezent putem afirma că tema aceasta este încă de actualitate deoarece se observă anumite similarităţi ale situaţiei de azi cu cea de acum un secol. Iar aici putem aminti situaţia de la începutul secolului al XX-lea, când numeroşi turişti străini evitau să traverseze spaţiul Serbiei şi Bulgariei din cauza atentatelor din Macedonia, situaţie care se aseamănă până la un anumit punct cu cea din anii 1990 când embargoul impus Iugoslaviei afecta tranzitul mărfurilor spre Bulgaria, Grecia şi Turcia. De asemenea, la fel ca acum o sută de ani, relaţiile bilaterale din prezent sunt, în general, bune, dar în privinţa conlucrării şi colaborării dintre România şi Serbia pe plan regional şi european mai &lt;span style=&quot;color: #000066;&quot;&gt;sunt, totuşi, multe lucruri de făcut. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000066; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot;; font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;Cartea mai cuprinde câteva anexe cu documente folosite în cadrul lucrării, o bogată bibliografie, un indice general, hărţi, ilustraţii şi un rezumat în limba engleză. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/4297224702898685941'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6668213872412682904/posts/default/4297224702898685941'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://romanian-serbian-relations.blogspot.com/2009/02/diplomatice-romano-sarbe-1880-1913.html' title='&amp;quot;Relaţii Diplomatice Româno-Sârbe, 1880-1913&amp;quot;'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzyyG4TvhCDK1pazA87HzZqMRPQfQc7jsJT7Q75gfPweSPjtNDTc9AkS4rOJXun4xQyw1OJ8LU73LSNDtpfmQCh2CKBsjVOvIFDCEFJ_6vtCZcS2loB-u8-49-VgYQiYmFimcEHXvdqJmf/s72-c/coperta.carte.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry></feed>