RPGPGM.COM - From AS400 to IBM i

Spring 2026 Performance Guide available

2026-07-13T05:00:00.000-05:00

A new version of IBM's "IBM i on Power – Performance FAQ" was published at the beginning of this month, and is available for download.

The guide provides us with tips on how to measure, and improve, the performance of your IBM Power server, IBM i partitions, Db2 database, and programs that run within it.

You will find the document here.

I always download it and read the passages I feel are relevant to my situation. I recommend you do the same.

More information regarding IBM Bob Premium Package

2026-07-10T05:00:00.000-05:00

IBM made an announcement yesterday, Thursday July 9, with more information about the new IBM Bob Premium Package for i. This includes some more information about the additions to it.

I am not going to repeat what is says. Just provide you with the link to it here.

Using SQL to retrieve information from the internet

2026-07-08T05:00:00.000-05:00

There are many different web sites that offer information that would be useful to consume in IBM i. I have seen several examples of doing this, and I thought I would show my example, which I think, shows how simple it can be.

In my example I want to retrieve the share prices for the three biggest technology companies in the city I live in:

Dell, stock symbol: DELL
IBM, symbol: IBM
Tesla, symbol: TSLA

July's presentations

2026-07-02T05:00:00.000-05:00

July is the month of OCEAN’s TechCon 2026. TechCon is one of my favorite events of the year, and it is the IBM i event of the year in the western United States. The event consists of two days, a virtual day, Thursday July 23, and an in-person one, Friday July 24. I have been asked to speak on the Friday, and will be giving four presentations.

If you want to learn more about the "best in the west" you can check out the TechCon website to see who else is presenting, and register here.

Earlier in the month, Tuesday July 14, I will be virtually visiting with the IBM i Midwest User Group, iMWUG, to make two presentations about things to make tracking changes to your database easier.

You can register by clicking on the link on this page.

Later the same evening, Tuesday July 14, the Central Texas IBM i User Group, will be hearing from IBM Champion Gregory Simmons, who will be debuting a brand-new presentation to us, about using the three-part name in SQL. Come and learn what this is, and how you can use it.

The event is online, free, and you can register here.

I hope to see you at one of these events.

Retrieving the value of a column from a previous row

2026-07-01T05:00:00.000-05:00

I was sent a copy of a job log from weeks ago, and had been asked to identify which parts of the job had run the longest. Fortunately, the spool file of the job log was still available so I could do some SQL magic to extract useful information from it. The first thing I want to do is to determine is how long each program or command took. I can extract the timestamp from the spool file, but I need to be able to retrieve the timestamp for the previous entry too. How can I retrieve that information for the previous entry?

After a bit of searching I found a SQL function that would allow me to do this. Rather than go straight into showing what I did with the joblog spool file, I am going to start with a simpler example. I have a DDL table, TESTTABLE, that has a decimal column, TEST_NUMBER, and nine rows of data. I can show the data using the following SQL statement:

01  SELECT TEST_NUMBER
02    FROM TESTTABLE

Which returns:

Migrate While Active Redbook

2026-06-29T05:00:00.000-05:00

Migrate While Active, MWA, is one of the more exciting features recently introduced for IBM Power hardware and the IBM i operating system. It is tool that helps me to move IBM i workloads to new servers, data centers, or the cloud with near-zero downtime.

Basically MWA is performed in three steps:

Background Copy: A copy of the partition is made, while the source partition is fully online and active.
Data Sync: It constantly synchronizes all data changes from the live system to the copy.
Cutover: Once both match, I make the switch to the new partition.

This results in almost no interruption in service.

IBM Bob Premium Package for i released

2026-06-25T05:00:00.000-05:00

Today the first significant update for IBM Bob, the AI-development tool for IBM i has been released.

It is called IBM Bob Premium Package for i

You can read the announcement, that gives you all the details on the new features, here.

There is also an Overview page, that includes the link to download it, here.

You do have to be using IBM Bob 2.0.0 to use IBM Bob Premium Package for i.

After the first paragraph in the Overview document is a button to "Copy Markdown". I strongly recommend you do. I clicked the button and then pasted what was copied into Notepad. The markdown contains all kinds of useful information to successfully install the new version.

Within markdown are some paths to further documentation. As paths do not include the domain I have for your convenience done so below:

Calculating the number of seconds for a time

2026-06-24T05:00:00.000-05:00

I have to admit this was a strange request. Interfacing data to another application is no big deal, but the way it wanted its date and time data formatted was. It wanted a character date, in *MDY format with the date separator characters, character time, with dots as the separator character, and an integer of the number of seconds that the time represented.

I could calculate the seconds as:

TotalSeconds = (Hours x 3600) + (Minutes x 60) + Seconds

Fortunately I stumbled across a SQL scalar function that would do this for me: MIDNIGHT_SECONDS. This returns the number of seconds that the time represents. Which is exactly what I am looking for.

I can demonstrate this with the following SQL statement:

Another anniversary for IBM i and IBM Power

2026-06-22T05:00:00.003-05:00

Yesterday, Sunday June 21 2026, was the 38th anniversary of when the ancestor of the IBM Power and IBM i, AS/400, was first announced. Excitement was high as the advancements made to create AS/400 were ground breaking, many other maufactures spent years developing the equivalent technologies into their hardware and software.

Over the past 38 years a lot has changed, the AS/400 evolved through different forms, and names, before becoming the IBM Power server back in 2008.

Does this mean that the "AS/400" is old and outdated? The Power servers can run several different operating system, including IBM i. With the modern IBM i operating system we can emulate the AS/400, and this advanced operating system can do so much more than the AS/400, and its operating system OS/400, ever could.

I think I did a good job describing this history for the 35th anniversary. If you are interested in learning more what AS/400 was, and what it has become, read the story here.

Happy birthday IBM Power and IBM i! May you have many more!

Program to alert when jobs' CPU percentage becomes too high

2026-06-17T05:00:00.000-05:00

I was asked if there was a way to alert if a job exceeded a certain threshold of CPU percentage. The IBM i operating system collects data through Collection Services. Navigator for i and Performance Data Investigator, PDI, can be used to analyze CPU heavy jobs, but this is all historical data there is no real time alerting.

There are various tools from ISV that can do this. For this website I always write about solutions using just what comes in the IBM i operating system, with no third party software.

This problem allows me to use one of my favorite Db2 for i table function, ACTIVE_JOB_INFO. This table function allows me to retrieve information about all of the active jobs on my partition.

RPGPGM.COM becomes a teenager

2026-06-10T04:00:00.000-05:00

Another year milestone has been reached as I celebrate the 13th birthday of RPGPGM.COM. It has been an incredible personal journey since I have published that first post in 2013. Your feedback and encouragement have made all the effort I have spent worthwhile.

What has happened to me in the past twelve months?

Determining the Ordinal date with SQL

2026-06-03T05:00:00.000-05:00

A friend asked me if there was a simple way to calculate the "Julian" date when retrieving dates from a DDL table or DDS file with a date type field.

Before I continue I need to describe the difference between the Julian and the Ordinal dates. While we all call a date in YYYYDDD a "Julian" date, that is not correct. The Julian date is a count of days since January 1, 4713 BCE. I found this helpful link describing why it is this date. The correct name for the YYYYDDD date is the Ordinal date, which is recognized by the ISO 8601 standard.

Db2 for i includes a Julian day scalar function. The statement below show me using it with the date June 1, 2026:

01  VALUES JULIAN_DAY('2026-06-01')

The result is:

ACS version 1.1.9.13 available

2026-05-28T05:00:00.000-05:00

Yesterday, Wednesday May 27, I noticed that a new release of ACS, 1.1.9.13, is now available for download.

This is an update to remediate a number of CVE, and no enhancements have been added.

Calculating the power and square root of a number

2026-05-27T05:00:00.004-05:00

There are times I need to calculate the dimensions of objects, and to do that I need to use things like x squared, or the square root of y. It all brings back memories of sitting in mathematics lessons back in high school, a very long time ago.

It is simple in RPG, but I want to do it in SQL so that I can calculate the information I need in my SQL View.

I thought it would be a good reminder to show how to calculate the square root and how to use exponentiation (x^y, x to the power of y) in both RPG and SQL.

Determine the length of a string when using SQL

2026-05-20T05:00:00.005-05:00

The title is not as descriptive as I would have liked, my original title was too long to appear reasonably at the top of this page. I am going to describe how you can determine the length of the string of characters within a column from a DDS file or DDL table using SQL. I have found this most useful when using it within a Select statement.

This SQL function can be called by one of two names: CHARACTER_LENGTH or CHAR_LENGTH.

There is also a related function, LENGTH, that I will describe later in this post.

As its name suggests, CHARACTER_LENGTH will return the length of a string expression. In the following example I am using the VALUES SQL statement with CHARACTER_LENGTH:

01  VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('A             ')

Generating help text using an IBM i command

2026-05-13T05:00:00.025-05:00

This is another post about something I did not know existed until a few days ago. I have been building some commands to help automate certain processes, and I thought it would be a good idea to create help text for the commands so that anyone using it could use it instead of asking me how to use the command.

Help text for commands must be in the form of a panel group object, *PNLGRP. The programming language used to create the contents of a panel group is User Interface Manager, UIM. Don't worry if you have never used UIM, I think it is a simple language to understand.

Several years ago I wrote a post about creating help panel groups with UIM, therefore, if you want more information than I am going to mention here please refer to that post.

I "stumbled" across the command GENCMDDOC, Generate Command Documentation, which will create a template for my command that I can then add details to. I admit I have never heard of it before, and having used it I found it saved me a lot of time.

First I need a command. I just randomly copied some parts of commands I had created earlier into one new command, TESTCMD.

PowerUp attendees rally to join RPGPGM.COM-unity

2026-05-07T05:00:00.019-05:00

The RPGPGM.COM-unity continues to grow. I handed out more of the ribbons at this year's COMMON PowerUp than I have at any other event. You can see who I gave them to here.

If you see me at an IBM i event feel free to introduce yourself to me. In all likelihood I will have a RPGPGM.COM-unity ribbon on me, and you can join the community. All I ask in return is a photograph of you with it.

If you would like to learn more about the RPGPGM.COM-unity click here.

Determining the number of entries in a list parameter from a command

2026-05-06T05:00:00.004-05:00

I was creating a command with what I am going to call a "list parameter", to allow the entry of up to ten libraries. While writing the Command Processing Program, CPP, I encountered something I could not find a good description of how to handle. Therefore, I am writing this post to give you a good example of how I did it.

I am not going to go into too much detail on how to create commands and their parameters as I covered many of the basics in two earlier posts: Creating your own commands, part 1 and Creating your own commands, part 2.

My example command, MYCMD, has just one parameter, which will be the list of up to ten libraries. The source for the command is as follows:

01  CMD PROMPT('List of libraries')

02  PARM KWD(LIBRARY) TYPE(*NAME) MIN(1) MAX(10) +
03         PROMPT('Libraries')

Line 2 and 3: The command parameter LIBRARY has a number of keywords:

KWD: The keyword name for the parameter
TYPE: It is a name type parameter, which means it is equivalent of ten long character
MIN: The minimum number of entries that must be given
MAX: The maximum number of allowed entries
PROMPT: The description that appears on the screen

Checking if there are updates for your Group PTFs

2026-04-29T05:00:00.012-05:00

One of the duties of a good System Administrator is to keep the group PTFs up to date on the IBM i partitions you are responsible for. To assist with this IBM has "Group PTF Currency". The first time I encountered this phrase I was confused as I could not equate how PTFs related to money. The confusion was cleared up when I found out the "currency" refers to how current your PTFs are.

In the past the System Administrator would have manually check IBM's Fix Central website and compare the version of the PTFs on their partitions to the ones shown.

To make life easier IBM created a SQL view, GROUP_PTF_CURRENCY, in IBM i 7.1 that would retrieve the latest information about the group PTFs from the IBM "Preventive Service Planning", PSP, website. This View shows the PTF group level installed and the latest group level available. By comparing the two the System Administrator can decide whether it is time to get and apply the latest PTF group.

We can see the data on the PSP website as is it an XML file and can be reached at:

Checking the Electronic Service Agent

2026-04-22T05:00:00.004-05:00

The Electronic Service Agent, ESA, is part of the IBM i operating system. Its purpose is to monitor your system's health, detect potential hardware failures, and report issues directly to IBM Support. If it encounters problems it can "call home" to report the issue to IBM.

To be able to "call home" it must be able to connect to IBM. How can we test that it can?

We can either use:

VFYSRVAGT the Verify Service Agent command
ELECTRONIC_SERVICE_AGENT_INFO SQL View that shows the same information

I am going to explain both of these below.

ACS version 1.1.9.12 available

2026-04-21T05:00:00.004-05:00

The original contents of this page have become obsolete, go to this page for up-to-date information.

Track Group PTFs with SQL

2026-04-15T05:00:00.004-05:00

I have mentioned the SQL View GROUP_PTF_INFO a couple of times in passing in other posts on this website, I have not explained what this View gives us.

A PTF Group is a bundle of related PTFs which are designed and managed as a single group. This simplifies PTF updates as all the necessary individual PTFs for a specific group are applied together. Examples of PTF groups are:

SF99760 for cumulative PTFs
SF99960 for Db2 for i
SF99962 for the IBM HTTP server

There are several ways I can check on the PTF Groups on my IBM i partition:

DSPPTFGRP: Display PTF Group command
WRKPTFGRP: Work with PTF Group command
GROUP_PTF_INFO: SQL View

In all of my examples I am going to use the PTF Group for Db2 for i, SF99960, on a partition that is running IBM i 7.6 .

When I use the commands DSPPTFGRP and WRKPTFGRP I am frustrated that I cannot get an output file of the information it retrieves. With WRKPTFGRP I can only display the results:

New Englanders flock to join the RPGPGM.COM-unity

2026-04-14T05:00:00.006-05:00

I handed out more of the RPGPGM.COM-unity ribbons at the NEUGC 2026 conference. You can see those I gave them to here.

If you see me at an IBM i event feel free to introduce yourself to me. In all likelihood I will have a RPGPGM.COM-unity ribbon on me, and you can become a member. All I ask in return is a photograph of you with it.

If you would like to learn more about the RPGPGM.COM-unity click here.

Spring 2026 IBM i TRs coming later

2026-04-13T05:00:00.002-05:00

On the usual schedule there is a Technology Refresh at about the time of the COMMON PowerUp conference. This year will be different.

I was told by an IBM insider, last week, that the release date of the TRs has been postponed until July of this year. They would not say why. I assumed that news of the delay was business proprietary information, and was not going to share it.

This morning I see a couple of other websites running the story that the TRs are being delayed until the time more of the new IBM Power11 servers are announced.

As others are reporting this news, I am publishing what I know.

New Job columns added to the Record Lock View

2026-04-08T05:00:00.007-05:00

In my last post I explained how the parts of the IBM i job name had been added as separate columns to the OBJECT_LOCK_INFO SQL View. I am pleased to say that the same three columns have been added to the RECORD_LOCK_INFO View too:

JOB_USER: User profile of the job
JOB_NAME_SHORT: Name of the job
JOB_NUMBER: Number of the job

Before these columns were added, if I wanted to list my jobs, with the user profile "SIMON", I would need to extract it from the full job name or use a wildcard in the Where clause. With the addition of these three columns, I will show much easier this becomes.

If I wanted to check for record locks, not using RECORD_LOCK_INFO, I would use the Display Record Locks command, DSPRCDLCK. For example, if I wanted to check for record locks on TESTFILE, in my library, I would use the following:

01  DSPRCDLCK FILE(TESTFILE)

Which will show me the following: