RRB | Railway Recruitment Board

6th Pay Commission For Railway Employees

2010-08-02T10:28:00.000-07:00

The Government of India has come out with the guidelines relating to the grant of 6^th pay commission's New Pay Band of Indian Railway Employees for Central Government Servants.

The Sixth-Pay Commission report will force the Indian Railways to spend an additional Rs. 6,500 Crore. The Sixth-Pay Commission New Salary is like a Diwali bonus for the Indian Railway Employee. Over 14 Lakh Indian Railway Employees will benefit from this.

Rs 5,000 Crore has already been sanctioned in the current Railway budget and the remaining Rs. 1500 Crore will be arranged through various provisions. In order to offset the additional financial burden arising due top the pay panel report, the Railways will have to increase its revenue earnings and undertake several cost control measures.

According to the arrears payment plan, Railways would make 40% of arrears payment in the current financial year. The remaining 60% of the arrears would be paid in the next fiscal year. It is expected that each Railway employee will take home an average of 21 per cent higher salary next month.

The salary increase for Group A officers will be much more than 21% and in cases of some senior Railway Board officials, the hike is almost 50%.

However, this hike in salaries will come at a cost to the Railways. The report has come out with a recommendation to abolish Group D posts in Indian Railways This means that there will be no appointment of gang men in future and maintenance of track will be outsourced.

Get Paid to Search the Internet

2010-01-07T06:31:00.000-08:00

Get paid to search the internet. This is something that we all do almost everyday. What if you are paid for doing something that you are already doing - ALL FREE.

Trek Pay is a new program (currently in a pre-launch mode) that pays you for searching and visiting websites. Here are some FAQs that you may want to know:

Q: What is Trek Pay?

A: Trek Pay is a NEW Program that pays you for searching and visiting websites.

Q: Is there any joining fee?

A: No. There is no joining fee. The program is completely free to join. Anyone above the age of 18 can join.

Q: Is there any hidden cost or catch?

A: No, there is no hidden cost of catch. The program is 100% FREE and Legitimate.

Q: Can I have more than 1 account?

A: NO. Only one individual from a household can take part in the program

Q: What are the rules?

A: Register and join Trek Pay. Login, search and browse websites. That's all.

Q: How can I earn money on Trek Pay?

A: Earning money is easy with Trek. The more active you are, the faster you get to our maximum payout. A member is awarded credits each time they do one of the following.

1. When a member does a search and visits one of our Clients websites, credits are given.

2. If a member refers another person to TrekPay or Trek Advertising they are awarded credits.

Each Week Trek will share in its profit by placing a dollar amount on each credit. The more credits you have earned the higher the payout.

Another way to earn is "sales Commissions".

When a member is credited with a sale from Trek Advertising they will receive an immediate deposit into their back office account.

Q: How much can I earn?

A: You can earn a maximum of $50 per week or $200 per month. The money is deposited directly into your PayPal Account. ( Open a PayPal Account)

Join: Trek Pay

Virtual Call Center Jobs

2010-01-04T04:55:00.000-08:00

Virtual Call Centre Jobs (home based call center jobs) have gained popularity in recent years. Virtual call centers are seeing rapid growth. Virtual call center employees can work in small groups in a number of small call centers or they can work from home.

What virtual call centers do is that they just route customer’s incoming call (inbound calls) to the home agent's phone.

Most of these virtual call center companies provide online training.

How much money you can earn as a virtual; call center agent depends on your own skills, working hours and the kind of inbound calls you attend.

Read: Virtual Call Center Jobs: Virtual Call Center Job Listings & Companies

Related Articles:

· How I earn $500-$600 per month from work from home jobs doing online work from home

· How to Make Money from Blog

· How to Make Money from Paid Surveys

· Earn Money from your Voice

· Google Online Jobs

· Top Ten Online Money Making Ideas

· How to Make Money as a Mystery Shopper

· How to Make Money Online on the internet

RRB Ajmer: Employment Notice 01/2009 for Job Vacancies (Loco Pilot, ASM, SE, JE Techical Jobs)

2009-06-13T10:26:00.000-07:00

RRB Ajmer: Employment Notice 01/2009 for Job Vacancies (Loco Pilot, ASM, SE, JE Techical Jobs)

Last Date: May 25, 2009 (June 10 for far flung areas)

RRB Ajmer, Rajasthan invites applications for recruitment to various vacancies.

Category: 01

Post: Astt Loco Pilot

Number of Posts: 654

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: Matriculation pass plus ITI in specified trades/Act Apprenticeship or Diploma in Mechanical/ Electrical/Electronics/ Automobile Engineering in lieu of ITI. Specified ITI Trades are: (a) Fitter (b) Electrician (c) Instrument Mechanics (d) Mill-Wright/Maintenance Mechanic (e) Mechanic Radio & Television (f) Electronics Mechanic (g) Mechanic Motor Vehicle (h) Wireman (i) Tractor Mechanic (j) Armature & Coil Winder (k) Mechanic Diesel (l) Heat Engine (m) Turner (n) Machinist (o) Refrigeration & AC Mechanic.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Aptitude Test.

3. Verification of Documents.

Category: 02

Post: ASM

Number of Posts: 23

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: A university degree or its equivalent. Diploma in Rail Transport & Management from the Institute of Rail Transport will be an additional desirable qualification.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Aptitude Test.

3. Verification of Documents.

Category: 03

Post: SE (Signal)

Number of Posts: 06

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: (i) 04 (Four) Year Degree in Engineering in Electrical/ Electronics/ Microprocessor/ TV Engineering/ Fibre Optical Communication/Tele Communication /Communication /Sound & TV Engineering/ Industrial Control/ Electronics Instrumentation/ Industrial Electronics/ Applied Electronics/ Digital Electronics/ Power Electronics/ Information Science/ Information Technology/ Computer Application/ Computer Engineering/ Computer Science/ Computer Technology; Or (ii). M. Sc. (Electronics/Physics/Computer Science).

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 04

Post: SE (Tele.)

Number of Posts: 5

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: (i). M. Sc (Electronics); Or (ii). 04 (Four) year Degree holders in Electrical/ Electronics/ Microprocessor /Industrial Electronics/ TV Engineering/ Fibre Optic Communication/ Electronics Instrumentation/ Communication/ Sound & TV Engineering/Industrial Control/ Control Information Science/ Technology/ Process Control/ Telecommunication/Applied Electronics/Computer Application/ Engineering Science/ Technology/ Digital Electronics/ Radio Engineering/ Data Networking/Computer Networking/ Power Electronics/ Information Technology.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 05

Post: SE (Elect)

Number of Posts: 06

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: Degree in Electrical/Electronics & Tele communications / Electronics /Electrical Power Systems/ Electronics & Communication /Electronics & Video Engineering/ Instrumentation & control Industrial Electronics/ Mechanical/ Production/Prod. Technology / Industrial Engg.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 06

Post: SE (works)

Number of Posts: 7

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: Degree in Civil Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 07

Post: SE (P. Way)

Number of Posts: 4

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: Degree in Civil Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 08

Post: SE (Mech)

Number of Posts: 01

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 20-35

Qualification: Degree in Manufacturing/ Mechatronics/ Industrial/ Mechanical/ Tools & Machining/ Tools & Die Making/Automobile/ Production /Metallurgy/Foundry Technology / Electronics/Electrical Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 09

Post: JE II (Signal)

Number of Posts: 19

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: 03 (Three) year Diploma in Engineering in Electrical/ Electronics/ Microprocessor / TV Engineering/ Fibre Optical Communication/ Telecommunication/ Communication/Sound & TV Engineering/ Industrial Control/ Electronics Instrumentation/ Industrial Electronics/ Applied Electronics/ Digital Electronics/Power Electronics/ Information Science/ Information Technology/ Computer Application/ Computer Engineering/ Computer Science/ Computer Technology.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 10

Post: JE II (Tele.)

Number of Posts: 3

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma holders in Electrical/ Electronics/ Micro Processor/ Industrial Electronics/ TV Engineering/ Fibre Optic Communication/ Electronics Instrumentation/Radio Engineering/ Computer Networking/ Data Network/ Power Electronics/ Information Technology/ Communication/ Sound & TV Engineering/ Industrial control/ Control Information Science/ Information Technology/ Process Control/ Telecommunication/ Applied Electronics/ Computer Application/ Digital Electronics.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 11

Post: JE II (Elect)

Number of Posts: 28

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Electrical/Electronics & Telecommunications/Electronics /Electrical Power Systems/ Electronics & Communication/ Electronics & Video Engineering/ Instrumentation & control Industrial Electronics/ Mechanical/ Production/Production Technology/ Industrial Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 12

Post: JE-II (Pway)

Number of Posts: 12

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Civil Engineering/Civil Engineering (Transportation).

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 13

Post: JE-II (Works)

Number of Posts: 32

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Civil Engineering/Civil Engineering (Construction Technology) /Civil Engineering (Public Health)/Civil Engineering (Water Resources)/ Civil Engineering (Transportation).

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 14

Post: JE -II (Mech)

Number of Posts: 27

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Manufacturing/ Mechatronics/ Industrial/ Mechanical/ Tools & Machining/ Tools & Die Making/Automobile/ Production /Metallurgy/Foundry Technology / Electronics/Electrical Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 15

Post: JE -II (C&W)

Number of Posts: 09

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Manufacturing/Mechatronics /Industrial/ Mechanical/ Tools & Machining/ Tools & Die Making/ Automobile / Production /Metallurgy/ Foundry Technology / Electronics/ Electrical Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 16

Post: JE -II (MW) Mech

Number of Posts: 01

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Manufacturing/Mechatronics /Industrial/ Mechanical/ Tools & Machining/ Tools & Die Making/ Automobile / Production /Metallurgy/ Foundry Technology / Electronics/ Electrical Engineering.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 17

Post: Sr. P. Way Supervisor

Number of Posts: 09

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-33

Qualification: Diploma in Civil Engineering/Civil Engineering (Transportation) or B. Sc. with Physics & Mathematics or B. Sc. (Honours) in Physics with mathematics as secondary/subsidiary subject or B. Sc. (Honours) in Maths with Physics as secondary/subsidiary subject

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 18

Post: Signal Maintainer II

Number of Posts: 28

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: (a) Pass in Ist year of B. Sc (Physics) or (b) A pass in 10+2 stage in Science i. e. Maths/ Physics with two year experience as casual ESM in S&T department of Railway

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written Exam

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 19

Post: Tech III (Signal)

Number of Posts: 25

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: (i). Matriculation plus ITI/Act Apprenticeship in Electrician/Electrical Fitter/Wireman/Electronics/Information Technology/TV & Radio/ Instrumentation /Computer/ Computer Networking/Data Networking : Or (ii) 10+2 with Physics and Maths Or (iii) 03 (Three) Year Diploma in Engineering in Electrical/Electronics/Microprocessor/TV Engineering/Fibre Optical Communication /Telecommunication / Communication /Sound & TV Engineering/Industrial Control/ Electronics Instrumentation/ Industrial Electronics/Applied Electronics/Digital Electronics/Power Electronics /Information Science/ Information Technology /Computer Application/ Computer Eng. /Computer Science /Computer Technology.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 20

Post: Tech III (Elect)

Number of Posts: 38

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: Apprenticeship in Electrician under trade apprentice Act 1961 OR ITI in Electrician trade.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written Exam

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 21

Post: Tech III (Diesel)

Number of Posts: 08

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: Matriculation + Apprenticeship in Diesel under trade apprentice Act 1961 OR ITI in Diesel Mechanic.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Category: 22

Post: Tech III (Diesel/ Elect)

Number of Posts: 14

Age (as on July 01, 2009): 18-30

Qualification: Matriculation + Apprenticeship in Diesel under trade apprentice Act 1961 OR Matriculation + ITI in Electrician Trade.

Selection Procedure:

1. Single Stage Written/Online Examination

2. Verification of Documents.

Recruitment Process and Syllabus:

The selection is made strictly as per merit, on the basis of written / online examination. In addition, Aptitude/Skill Test/Interview etc. may also be conducted wherever applicable.

There shall be negative marking in written/online examinations and marks shall be deducted for each wrong answer @1/3 of the allotted marks for each question.

Syllabus for the written / online examination will be generally in conformity with the educational standards and/or technical qualifications prescribed for the posts. The Questions will be of objective type with multiple answers and likely to include questions pertaining to:

General Knowledge

General English

General Hindi

General Arithmetic

Analytical and Quantitative Skills

and those subjects covered as part of minimum educational/technical qualifications for the post. The question paper will be bilingual i.e. in English and Hindi and the duration of the examination will be of

Duration: 1 ½ to 2 hours

Marks: 100 to 150 Questions.

How to Apply:

Send the application to:

The Assistant Secretary,

Railway Recruitment Board,

2010, Nehru Marg, Ambedkar Marg,

Ambedkar Circle,

Ajmer - 305028

Rajasthan

To be sent by Ordinary Post. The envelope containing the application should be clearly super scribed - 'Category No.', 'Name of the post', & 'Community'. A candidate should submit only one application for one category & post.

Read More on RRB Ajmer

Download More Details about Pay Scale and Application Fee from: http://www.rrbajmer.org/rrb_employment.html

RRB Bhopal Exam: Written Examination to Be Held On 21-june-2009 and 28-june-2009

2009-06-13T10:17:00.000-07:00

RRB Bhopal Exam: Written Examination to Be Held On 21-june-2009 and 28-june-2009

Railway Recruitment Board Bhopal
East Railway Colony - Bhopal - 462053
RRB Bhopal Written Examination to Be Held On 21-june-2009 And 28-june-2009

Schedule Of Written Examination To Be Held On 21-june-2009

For Category No 20 And 21

For Detail Website - http://www.rrbbhopal.gov.in

RRB Chennai: JEN.NO. 1/2009 Results

2009-06-13T10:05:00.000-07:00

Results of Eligible/ Ineligible of JEN.NO. 1/2009 is now declared on the RRB.

Eligible status for all other categories of JEN.No1/2009 will be available on the Railway Recruitment Board website on 9/6/2009.

Cat 1 to 4 - Section Engineer
Cat 11 to 13 - Junior Engineer Gr. II
Cat 21 - Assistant Station Master
Cat 22 - Assistant Loco Pilot
Cat 31 - Teacher/Physics
Cat 33 - Staff Nurse
Cat 34 - Sr Permanent Way Supervisor
Cat 35 - Dietician
Cat 37 - Field Worker
Cat 41 to 51 - Technician Gr. III

RRB Chennai: JEN.NO. 1/2009 Results are available: HERE

RRB Kolkata Results (2008 – 2009)

2009-01-30T09:58:00.000-08:00

Here are the results of various exams held by RRB Kolkata (Railway Recruitment Board – Kolkata)

Result of Written Exam dated 19.10.08 for Catg.No.5,6,7,13,14,15 for E N RRB/KOL/EN 1/2008 Result

Result for Catg Nos.8 (ECRC) of J E N No.NTPC/ER/1/2007 & Catg No.29(Staff Nurse) of C E No 1/2008

Result CORRECTED & REVISED RESULT

Result of Written Exam dated 14.12.08 for Catg.No.17 for E N RRB/KOL/EN 1/2008
Result RE-SCHEDULED PROGRAM

FINAL PANEL FOR TC/CC/AC for Catg.No.1,2,3,4 for E N RRB/KOL/EN-2/2005 FINAL PANEL

Result for Catg Nos.9 (JAA) of J E N FINAL PANEL

No.NTPC/ER/1/2007 Result of Written Exam held on 28/09/08 Result

for Category Nos.1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12

E N No.RRBKOL/EN-1/2008

Final Result of Catg.No.26,28,32 for CEN.E N No.-01/2008 Result

Final Result of Catg.No.27,&33 for CEN.E N No.- 01/2008 Result

Result of Written Exam dated 02.11.08 for Catg.No.18&19 for E N RRB/KOL/EN 01/2008 Result

Result of Written Exam dated 21.09.08 for Catg.No.12-25,26&27 for E N RRB/KOL/EN-01/2007 and Catg No.34 of IRCEN-01/2008Result

Result of Online Exam dated 09.11.08 for Catg.No.29 for E N IRCEN-01/2008 Result

RRB Paper Leak Scandal

2008-12-22T01:53:00.000-08:00

The Uttar Pradesh police arrested 275 people following the leaking of a question paper of the Railway Recruitment Board examination, officials said Sunday.

The arrests were made by the Special Task Force (STF) late Saturday night from the Jhunsi locality of Allahabad while 264 candidates were cracking the question paper in a house on the outskirts of the city.

The examination was slated to be held Sunday but was cancelled after the incident.
'The kingpin, train ticket examiner Bedi Lal was arrested earlier Saturday from Allahabad,' Additional Superintendent of Police (STF) S. Anand told reporters.

'Ten of his associates were arrested from the spot while supervising the crime. The examination was to be held for 665 posts of assistant loco pilots and about 35,000 candidates were to appear for it,' Anand added.

The railways also ran two special trains for ferrying the candidates and declared that a fresh date for the examination would be announced later.
'The examination has been cancelled and we will soon declare a date,' railways spokesperson B. Pandey told IANS.

The police also recovered two original question papers, 180 photocopies of the question paper besides a large number of mobile phones from the spot.

RAILWAY RECRUITMENT BOARD (Joint Employment Notice No. RRB/PAT/1/2008-09)

2008-12-22T01:47:00.000-08:00

RAILWAY RECRUITMENT BOARD (RRB) MUZAFFARPUR RECRUITMENT 2009

Applications in the prescribed format are invited from eligibile Indian Nationals for filling up of following posts by Railway Recruitment Board Muzaffarpur.

RRB Muzaffarpur

Assistant Station Manager (ASM) : 227 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 4500-7000, Age :18-33

Assistant Loco Pilot (Diesel) : 352 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Stenographer (Hindi) : 18 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000, Age : 18-30

Section Engineer (Mechanical, Dsl/Mech, c&W, Mech/Elect, Electrical, Signal, Telecommunication) : 74 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 6500-10500, Age : 18-35

Junior Engineer-II (Mechanical, Dsl/Mech, C&W, Dsl/Elect, Mech/Elect, P.Way, Drg& Design, Electrical, Signal, Telecommunication, Works, Drg & Design (S&T)) : 143 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 5000-8000,Age : 18-33

Senior Permanent Way Supervisor : 06 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 5000-8000, Age : 18-33

Technician Gr.II (Signal) : 74 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000, Age : 18-30

Signal Interlocking Maintainer - II : 40 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000, Age : 18-30

Signal Interlocking Maintainer - III : 30 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Technician Gr.III : 137 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Telecommunication Maintainer - III : 53 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Application Fee: Fee payable is Rs.40 for the post of Pay Scale 3050-4590 and less and Rs. 60 for others (no fee for SC/ST/Ex-Serviceman candidates) and IPOs and DDs drwan on “The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Muzaffarour”

Details: http://www.rrbpatna.org/downloads/ENN-2008-09.pdf

Applications to be Addressed to The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Lichi Bagan, Muzaffarpur, Bihar -842001.

Source: www.rrbpatna.org

Railway Recruitment Board (Joint Employment Notice No. RRB/PAT/1/2008-09)

2008-12-22T01:42:00.000-08:00

Applications in the prescribed format are invited from eligibile Indian Nationals for filling up of following posts by Railway Recruitment Board Patna.

RRB Patna

Stenographer (Hindi) : 75 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000, Age : 18-30Assistant Station

Manager (ASM) : 116 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4500-7000, Age : 18-33

Rajbhasha Sahayak Gr.II : 11 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4500-7000,Age : 18-33

Section Engineer (Civil, Drwaing & Design/ Drawing Civil, P. Way, Machanical, Carriage & Wagon, Drawing/ S&T, Track - Machine, Telecommunication, Signal, Electrical (Drawing), Electrical (TRD), Electrical) : 127 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 6500-10500, Age :18-35Sr.

Section Engineer (Metallurgical) : 03 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 7450-11500,Age : 18-35

Junior Engineer-II (Drawing/ S&T, Telecommunication, Signal, Electrical (Drawing), Electrical (TRD), Electrical, Mechanical (O&M), Mechanical, Carriage & Wagon, P. Way, Bridge, Drwaing- Design, Drawing - Civil, WS, Works, Track- Machine) : 354 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 5000-8000, Age : 18-33

Depot Material Superintendent-III : 02 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 5000-8000, Age : 18-33

Technician III (Electrical (Electronics), Electrical, Mechanical (Electronics), Mechanical, Motor vehicl, Maintenance Mechanic, Turner, Machinist, Mechanical (Furnace), Painter, Carpenter, Mason, Plumber, Fitter, Welder/ Blacksmith, Welder, Cutting & Sewing, Tool & Die Maker, Instrument Mechanic, Diesel Mechanic, Signal) : 876 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-33Technician Gr.II : 49 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000,Age :18-30

Telecommunication Maintainer Gr.III : 37 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Application Fee: Fee payable is Rs.40 for the post of Pay Scale 3050-4590 and less and Rs. 60 for others (no fee for SC/ST/Ex-Serviceman candidates) and IPOs and DDs drwan on “The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Patna” IPOs payable at “GPO Patna” and DDs payable at “Patna”

Last date to Apply : 15/12/08 (for candidates from far flung areas : 30/12/08)

Details: http://www.rrbpatna.org/downloads/ENN-2008-09.pdf

Applications to be Addressed to The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Mahendrughat, Patna-800004.

Source: www.rrbpatna.org

RRB

2008-12-20T04:35:00.000-08:00

RRB stands for Railway Recruitment Board. RRB calls for eligible applicants through "Employment News" (A publication of the Government of India). The employment notification is also published on the Internet web site. The applications are scrutinized for eligibility. The eligible candidates are called for a written examination with call letters being sent a month in advance of the date of the examination.

In most of the categories of jobs, there is no interview after the written examination. In some categories, there will be a second stage written examination. In categories related to operational safety, there will be a psychological test. The application-details furnished by successful candidates are verified and they are called for counseling and scrutiny of original documents. A panel of names is then recommended to Southern Railway / Integral Coach Factory to the extent of vacancies. The candidates will be required to pass a medical examination before appointment. The results of selection at every stage will be made available on the Notice Board of RRB/Bangalore in "Results" through the Internet website to the successful candidates through post.

The selection process is based on merit and is subject to the rules and regulations issued by the Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India which includes reservation of jobs for certain castes/communities such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Communities (OBC), etc. Ex-servicemen are also entitled for reservation as per the rules. The entire computerized recruitment system functions impersonally without fear or favour. There is no scope for corruption, influence or discretion in this process. Candidates indulging in malpractices and unfair means are dealt with strictly.
The overall policy guidelines for all Railway Recruitment Boards in India are laid down by Railway Recruitment Control Board, New Delhi.

You may visit following RRB Sites for Railway Recruitment Board RRB Results:

RRB Mumbai
RRB Thiruvananthapuram
RRB Secundrabad
RRB Ranchi
RRB Patna & Muzaffarpur
RRB Malda
RRB Kolkata
RRB Jammu and Srinagar
RRB Guwahati
RRB Gorakhpur

RRB Chennai
RRB Chandigarh

RRB Bhuvaneshwar
RRB Bhopal

RRB Bangalore

RRB Ahmedabad
RRB Ajmer
RRB Allahabad

Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) Chennai Results 2008

2008-12-20T04:24:00.000-08:00

Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) Chennai functions under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India. It is primarily responsible for recruiting the working and supervisory staff (Group 'C') required for Chennai, Madurai and Tiruchirappalli Divisions and Head Quarters office of Southern Railway (SR) and Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai.

Railway Recruitment Board, Chennai examination results: http://www.rrbchennai.net/

Details of employment notices, results, exams are available on RRB chennai website online.RRB Chennai, Latest AnnouncementsRailway Recruitment Board, Chennai declares the results of online examination held on 20th, 21st, 27th and 28th September, 2008.

Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) Kolkata Final Results

2008-12-20T04:20:00.000-08:00

You can find the Final Results of RRB (Railway Recruitment Board) Kolkata here:

RAILWAY RECRUITMENT BOARD KOLKATAMetro Railway A.V. Complex, Chitpur,(Opp. to R.G. Kar Medical College & Hospital),R.G. Kar Road, Kolkata - 700 037, West Bengal.

Web: http://www.rrbkolkata.org/

Railway Recruitment Board Patna/ Muzzafarpur| Station Master/ Technician Jobs / Engineer/ Stenographer

2008-11-26T04:05:00.000-08:00

Joint Employment Notice No. RRB/PAT/1/2008-09

Applications in the prescribed format are invited from eligibile Indian Nationals for filling up of following posts by Railway Recruitment Board Patna.

RRB Patna

Stenographer (Hindi) : 75 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000, Age : 18-30

Assistant Station Manager (ASM) : 116 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4500-7000, Age : 18-33

Rajbhasha Sahayak Gr.II : 11 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4500-7000,Age : 18-33

Section Engineer (Civil, Drwaing & Design/ Drawing Civil, P. Way, Machanical, Carriage & Wagon, Drawing/ S&T, Track - Machine, Telecommunication, Signal, Electrical (Drawing), Electrical (TRD), Electrical) : 127 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 6500-10500, Age :18-35

Sr. Section Engineer (Metallurgical) : 03 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 7450-11500,Age : 18-35

Junior Engineer-II (Drawing/ S&T, Telecommunication, Signal, Electrical (Drawing), Electrical (TRD), Electrical, Mechanical (O&M), Mechanical, Carriage & Wagon, P. Way, Bridge, Drwaing- Design, Drawing - Civil, WS, Works, Track- Machine) : 354 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 5000-8000, Age : 18-33

Depot Material Superintendent-III : 02 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 5000-8000, Age : 18-33
Technician III (Electrical (Electronics), Electrical, Mechanical (Electronics), Mechanical, Motor vehicl, Maintenance Mechanic, Turner, Machinist, Mechanical (Furnace), Painter, Carpenter, Mason, Plumber, Fitter, Welder/ Blacksmith, Welder, Cutting & Sewing, Tool & Die Maker, Instrument Mechanic, Diesel Mechanic, Signal) : 876 posts, Pay Scale :Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-33

Technician Gr.II : 49 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 4000-6000,Age :18-30

Telecommunication Maintainer Gr.III : 37 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 3050-4590, Age : 18-30

Application Fee: Fee payable is Rs.40 for the post of Pay Scale 3050-4590 and less and Rs. 60 for others (no fee for SC/ST/Ex-Serviceman candidates) and IPOs and DDs drwan on “The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Patna” IPOs payable at “GPO Patna” and DDs payable at “Patna”

Last date to Apply : 15/12/08 (for candidates from far flung areas : 30/12/08)

Details: http://www.rrbpatna.org/downloads/ENN-2008-09.pdf

Applications to be Addressed to The Assistant Secretary, Railway Recruitment Board, Mahendrughat, Patna-800004.

Source: http://www.rrbpatna.org/

RRB :: Railway Recruitment Board (Mumbai, Ajmer, Secunderabad, Allahabad, Patna, Malda, Results)

2008-11-02T02:36:00.001-08:00

RRB calls for eligible applicants through "Employment News" (A publication of the Government of India). The employment notification is also published on the Internet web site. The applications are scrutinized for eligibility. The eligible candidates are called for a written examination with call letters being sent a month in advance of the date of the examination. In most of the categories of jobs, there is no interview after the written examination. In some categories, there will be a second stage written examination. In categories related to operational safety, there will be a psychological test. The application-details furnished by successful candidates are verified and they are called for counseling and scrutiny of original documents. A panel of names is then recommended to Southern Railway / Integral Coach Factory to the extent of vacancies. The candidates will be required to pass a medical examination before appointment. The results of selection at every stage will be made available on the Notice Board of RRB/Bangalore in "Results" through the Internet website to the successful candidates through post.

The selection process is based on merit and is subject to the rules and regulations issued by the Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India which includes reservation of jobs for certain castes/communities such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Communities (OBC), etc. Ex-servicemen are also entitled for reservation as per the rules. The entire computerized recruitment system functions impersonally without fear or favour. There is no scope for corruption, influence or discretion in this process. Candidates indulging in malpractices and unfair means are dealt with strictly.

The overall policy guidelines for all Railway Recruitment Boards in

India

are laid down by Railway Recruitment Control Board, New Delhi.

You may visit following RRB Sites for Railway Recruitment Board RRB Results:
RRB Mumbai
RRB Thiruvananthapuram
RRB Secundrabad
RRB Ranchi
RRB Patna & Muzaffarpur
RRB Malda
RRB Kolkata
RRB Jammu and Srinagar
RRB Guwahati
RRB Gorakhpur
RRB Chennai
RRB Chandigarh
RRB Bhuvaneshwar
RRB Bhopal
RRB Bangalore
RRb Ahmedabad
RRB Ajmer
RRB Allahabad

Indian Railways

2008-09-08T04:37:00.000-07:00

Indian Railways

RRB Secenderabad: WRITTEN EXAMINATION RESULTS DECLARED FOR THE POST OF ASSISTANT LOCO PILOT

2008-09-08T04:04:00.000-07:00

RRB Secunderabad Recruitment Updates

Welcome to Railway Recruitment Board Secunderabad

Indian Railways Revenue

2008-09-08T03:38:00.000-07:00

Indian Railways revenue goes up. Watch out this video:

Indian Railways - Facts About Indian Railways -

र्र्ब - Railway Recruitment

2008-06-01T21:11:00.000-07:00

Railway Competitions

The Management Cadre of the Indian Railways consists of Class I and Class II Gazetted Officers. Direct recruitment to the Class I Railway Services is made through the Union Public Service Commission on the basis of the annual competitive examinations.

Recruitment to the Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) and the Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS) is done on the result of the Civil Services Examination (earlier known as Indian Administrative Service, etc., Examination) and that to the Indian Railway Services of Engineers (IRSE), Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers (IRSEE), Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers (IRSSE) and Indian Railway Service Stores (IRSS) is made on the basis of the Combined Engineering Services Examination.

For recruitment to the Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers, there is a dual method. Approximately, 50 per cent of the candidates are recruited through the Combined Engineering Services Examination. The remaining 50 per cent are recruited as the Special Class Railway Apprentices for which the U.P.S.C. conducts a separate competitive examination every year.

So far as the recruitment of Class II services is concerned, the entire Class II service is manned by personnel promoted from subordinate ranks from Class III by a process of selection on the basis of merit.

Class III service is composed of literate class of employees, both technical and non-technical. These cover a large number of categories such as Clerks, Assistant Station Masters, Ticket Collectors, Guards, Drivers, Workshop Charge men, Foremen, etc.

Initial recruitment to technical Class III services to the engineering signaling and tele-communication engineering, and electrical departments are of two types, namely, one to the class of skilled tradesmen and the class of initial Supervisors, Charge men, Assistant Inspectors of Ways and Works, Assistant Signaling and Telecommunication Inspectors, etc.

The former are drawn from trade apprentices and the latter are recruited from candidates having diploma qualifications in the upper branch of engineering specially.
Scheme of Examination for Non-Technical Categories

The written test will consist of

1. General English(and/or Hindi)
2. Mathematics
3. General Knowledge
4. General Intelligence

The test will be mainly of Objective Type. Candidates are expected to possess a broad knowledge of current events and matters of general interest particularly relating to India, including Indian Railways.

Depending upon the number of vacancies, candidates who score high marks upto the required marks are called for interview. Final selection is based on the total marks obtained in the written examination and interview.
Syllabus
General English

Questions on General English are designed to test the candidate's correct usage of prepositions, words and phrases.
Mathematics

Questions on Mathematics are designed to test accuracy in rapidity in working. These will mostly be questions in Arithmetic.
General Knowledge

Candidates are expected to possess a broad knowledge of current events and matters of general interest, particularly relating to India, including Indian Railways.
General Intelligence:

The questions are designed to test the candidate's power of reasoning and his ability to draw conclusions.

Scheme of Examination for Technical Categories

All candidates, whose applications are received in time and considered eligible will be called for written test of objective type in conformity with educational standards and technical qualifications prescribed for the post, including English and or Hindi, Mathematics, General Knowledge and General Intelligence (as in the case of Non-Technical categories).

The questions in Technical Ability are designed to check the candidate's technical ability from various Engineering aspects: Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, etc.
Initial Pay:

About Rs. 5000 in the scale of Rs. 4500-125-7000.

Recruitment of the non-technical categories in Class III services, i.e., Clerks, Assistant Station Masters, Ticket Collectors, Train Clerks, etc., is done through direct recruitment to these categories by a competitive examination conducted by the Railway Recruitment Boards.

These Boards are located at Allahabad, Ahmedabad, Ajmer, Chandigarh, Jammu, Gorakhpur, Patna, Guwahati, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, Chennai (Madras), Trivandrum, Bangalore, Secunderabad, Mumbai (Bombay), Bhopal, Malda, Ranchi, etc.

The Boards advertise the vacancies through newspapers and the Employment News and conduct both written examinations and interviews. Recruitment is made in the lowest grades to these categories and prescribed qualification is generally matriculation. For some posts like Commerical Apprentice, Traffic Apprentice, Asstt. Station Master, Clerk Grade I, Guards, etc., prescribed quali8cation is a degree from a recognized University.
Clerical Grade Exam

The various recruitment Boards conduct competitive examinations for the recruitment to the following posts: Commercial Clerks

1. Signalers
2. Ticket Collectors
3. Train Clerks
4. Office Clerks
5. Accounts Clerks
6. Probationary Assistant Station Master

Initial Pay:

The emoluments on the minimum of scale are about Rs. 4000 in the scales of Rs. 3200-4900 and Rs: 3050-4590. In addition, House Rent Allowance and City Compensatory Allowance would be admissible as per rules in force from time to time.

The candidates selected are eligible to be considered in due course for promotion to higher grades including supervisory levels, according to rules/orders in force from time to time.
Minimum Qualifications:

Matriculation or equivalent with at least 50% marks in the aggregate. Candidates possessing higher qualifications and eligible to apply, irrespective of marks obtained in the matriculation. For Probationary Assistant Station Master, the minimum qualification is a Bachelor's Degree.
Age

18 to 30 years on the lst January of the year of examination. Upper age relaxable for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, etc.

Railway Recruitment Board

Direct recruitment to posts and services in Class I and Class II in Railways is made through Union Public Service Commission. The posts of Assistants, Stenographers and Clerks in the Ministry of Railways are filled through Staff Selection Commission. Recruitment to Class III posts in various departments of Railways is done through various competitive examinations conducted by the respective Railway Recruitment Boards.

These Boards are located at 19 important towns. They advertise the vacancies through newspapers and Employment News. The details of some of these posts are given in the following table:
Following are the details of vaccancies (Post, Qualification, Age, Pay Scale, Training)

1. Enquiry-cum- Degree Reservation Clerk
18-27 yrs Rs. 4,000-6,000 3 mth
2. Accounts Clerk Matriculation
18-27 yrs Rs. 3,050-4,590
3. Jr. Accounts Assit. Degree
Eng. typing 30 wpm Hindi typing 25 wpm
18-27 yrs Rs. 4,000-6,000 5 wk
4. Prob. Astt. Station Degree/Diploma in Master Rly. Traffic
Managment preferred 18-30 yrs Rs. 4,500-7,000 8 mth
5. Trainee Assit. Matriculation and Driver (Elect/Diesel) Cert. from ITI
18-32 yrs Rs. 3,050-4,590
6. Apprentice Mechanic Dip in Elect. Engg.(DH/Elect.)
18-33 yrs Rs. 4,500-7,000 2 yrs.
7. Apprentice Mechanic Dip in Mech. Engg.(DH/Mech)
18-33 yrs Rs. 4,500-7,000 2 yrs.
8. Apprentice Signal B.E. (Elect/Electro/Inspector (Gr. I) Telecom)
20-35 yrs Rs. 6,500-10,500 1 yr
9. Apprentice Signal Dip.(Mech/Elect/Inspector (Gr. III) Electro/Telecom)or B.Sc. (Physics)
18-33 yrs Rs. 4,500-7,000 2 yrs
10. Skilled Artisan Matriculation and ITI Cert.
18-32 yrs Rs. 3,050-4,590 6 mth
11. Stenographer Matriculation
18-37 yrs Rs. 4,000-6,000
(Eng) proficiency in Eng. Stenography 80w.p.m.
Eng. Typing 40 w.p.m.
12. Trainee Elect. BE (Mech/Elect)
20-37 yrs Rs. 6,500-10,500 1 yr.Foreman Electro)
13. Apprentice Inspector Dip. (Civil/Mech)
18-30 yrs Rs. 4,500-7,000 1 yr of Works (Gr.lll) Electro
Apprent. Permanent way Inspector (Gr.lll)
14. Apprentice Train Degree
18-28 yr Rs. 4,500-7,000 2 yrs.Examiner
15. Guard Degree
18-25 yrs Rs. 4,000-6000 3 yrs.
16. Law Astt. Degree in Law
20-30 yrs Rs. 5,500-9,000
17. Statistical Astt. MA/M.Sc.(Eco/Stats/Maths)
20-30 yrs Rs. 5,500-9,000

Indian Railways have their own schools and hospitals. RRBs also recruit teachers, physical instructors, nurses and para-medical personnel through written tests. The pay scales are based on the requirement of posts.

Subjects for Examination
The written test (Objective type) consists of a paper in

* English
* Arimetic
* General Knowledge and General Intelligence in Hindi/English.

Candidates must possess a broad knowledge of current events and matters of general interest particularly relating to India including Indian Railways. Depending on the number of vacancies, candidates
Note

1. Normally there will be a written test and Interview. However, Railway Recruitment Board, at its discretion, may hold additional written test (s) and/or Interview(s) if considered necessary, for all or a limited number of candidates as may be deemed fit.
2. Admission to the written examination is provisional as the applications are fully scrutinized later. In case a candidate does not fulfill all the requirements prescribed in the Employment Notice, his/her candidature is liable to be rejected even at a later stage when the deficiency is noticed.
3. Candidates have the option to reply in English or Hindi at the time of Interview who satisfy the eligibility criteria are called in order of merit for the Interview. Final selection is based on the total marks obtained in the Written test and Interview.

Examination Fee For Pay scale of Rs. 3050-4590: = Rs. 20
For Pay scales above Rs. 3,050-4,590: = Rs. 30 Apply to

The Secretary of the concerned Railway Recruitment Board at any of the addresses given below:
Addresses of Railway Recruitment Boards

1. Railway Recruitment Board Ist Floor B.G. Railway Station Building, PF-12, Ahmedabad-380002
2. Railway Recruitment Board 2010, Nehru Marg, Ajmer-305001
3. Railway Recruitment Board DRMs Office Annex. Building, Nawab Yusuf Road, Allahabad-211001
4. Railway Recruitment Board D-15, Machna Colony, (Near Bus Stop No. 6)
Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal-462001
5. Railway Recruitment Board 18, Miller Road, Bangalore - 560 046
6. Railway Recruitment Board Orissa Forest Development Corp. Bldg., (IInd Floor), A-84, Kharavela Nagar, Bhubaneshwar-750001
7. Railway Recruitment Board, Divisional Office Compound, Bombay Central, Bombay-400008.
8. Railway Recruitment Board, M.M. Building, 4th Floor, 16 Strand Road, Calcutta.
9. Railway Recruitment Board, S.C.0.78-79, (Ilnd Floor) Sector 8-C, Chandigarh-1160018.
10. Railway Recruitment Board, Station Road, Guwahati.
11. Railway Recruitment Board, Gorakhpur-273012
12. Railway Recruitment Board, Railway Colony (West), Jammu Tawi-180004.
13. Railway Recruitment Board, Cathedral Road, Madras-600086
14. Railway Recruitment Board, B.G. Road, Mokdumpur, Malda - 732103
15. Railway Recruitment Board, Muzaffarpur.
16. Railway Recruitment Board, Mehendrughat, Patna-800 004
17. Railway Recruitment Board, Ranchi
18. Railway Recruitment Board, IRISET Complex, Lallaguda, Secunderabad-500017.
19. Railway Recruitment Board, Thampanoor, Trivandrum-695001 .

DESIGNER CHEFS A SUCCESSFUL कारीर

2008-06-01T21:10:00.000-07:00

DESIGNER CHEFS A SUCCESSFUL CAREER

Designer chefs are at the heart of all catering operations whether in a hotel or a restaurant and hold the recipe for the success of the place. These professionals are highly skilled and innovative, with the ability of turning out not only the most delicious food but presenting these as art forms, as well. Their skill is to simultaneously tempt, tease and please the tongue, stomach and the eyes. Creating gastronomical experien-ces for people to these culinary artists also called Designer Chefs are masters of cuisine. Prospects for a chef are very good. There are lost of options to travel overseas and earn good money.

Essential ingredients that make a good designer chef :- In terms of qualities, this Industry calls for lots of commitment and passion, besides a lot of creativity. As a chef you have to work very long hours and be prepared for very hard work because it is very much a fulltime job. It’s not a job for the faint hearted. It takes a lot of commitment to progress here. If you are one who wants an easy life you are not going to get ahead in this demanding 24 x 7 industry. Attributes very necessary to grow in this field include a well-developed sense of taste and smell which allow you to explore bold new flavor combinations and make them work. The ability to experiment and be creative are other essentials that will enable you to leave your mark on dishes you create. Equally important when working in the kitchen are the skills to plan ahead, organize, have team spirit, a co-operative attitude besides some leadership and management skills when you climb up the ladder.

Qualifications and Training :- If you are looking at pursunig this career then it is important that you take up a formal 3 year hotel management degree specializing in Food Beverages and it is good to work in a restaurant in non-cooking position. If you do like the experience, the next stepping stone is clearing the entrance examination for any one of the Ministry of Tourism-run IHM institutions across India or opting for a good private organization or international institution. You can also simultaneously or later take up an appropriate business course if you have plans of starting your own restaurant some day. Some of the best ways to optimize practical and college learning, is by starting up- to-date on food trends and advances in kitchen equipment, reading up as many culinary magazines and journals as possible, paying attention to detail and visiting and interning at restaurants, hotels and catering firms.

With this issue, Employment News enters its 33rd year of publication and retains its top slot as one of the largest circulated weeklies on employment throughout the length and breadth of the country.

We reiterate our commitment to provide authentic information on jobs in the government sector which includes Defence, para military forces, Banking, PSUs, Railways etc on a weekly basis. We also inform our esteemed readers about various competitive exams and results thereof being conducted by UPSC, SSC and various recruitment boards.

Our online edition employmentnews.gov.in has emerged as one of the most popular websites for job seekers clocking a daily hit of around two lakh. The online edition, provides interactive links with our specialist career counselors who solve individual career queries. The archives contain detailed articles covering traditional, contemporary and futuristic opportunities in career fields which can be retrieved with the state-of-the-art Search engine.

Employment News, in its journey onwards plans to make its online version of Employment News more interactive and introduce e-commerce solutions so that candidates can get the forms directly from the website and even take tests of respective employers online. Our endeavour is to make Employment News the best source for our youth, and job seekers on all issues relating to employment and career.

(Chief Editor)

Career Prospects for a chef in India/Abroad :- In India the general prospects for a chef are very good. There are lots of options to travel overseas and earn good money. In India, those from hotel Management colleges/Institute, joining hotels as "management trainees." usually start somewhere between Rs. 7000/- to 8000/- a month Abroad it ranges from Rs. 1 lakh to 10 lakh per annum depending on the place of posting and country including incentives for those, who are very creatively inclined and find it difficult to just keep doing what other people tell them, entre-preneurship may be an option but that again calls for a lot of commitment. India is shining, so there is a great future.

Work Profile :- After initial training you may have to begin with the least–skilled jobs in the kitchen like pealing potatoes and cleaning prawns. However as your skills get polished with experience and practice , you can begin to climb up the Designer Chef’s ladder and make your way from being an assistant chef, a line chef, head chef then executive chef to a master chef. The work profile as you climb the ladder increases. Designer chefs at different levels are often responsible for all phases of food preparation, menu planning, recipe development, purchasing inventory, food costing and labor control, maintenance of a kitchen’s sanitation level, scheduling, hiring and firing, managing staff and at times, space and theme planning of restaurants. In case you want to venture into other Institute/dimensions of this profession, you can become an instructor at a hotel management college, start you own stylist business, caterer, restaurant consultant, food writer even turn entrepreneur by opening your own dream restaurant/hotel/motel.

The mantra to success in this Industry :- It is very important not to stagnate, not to work in one place for too long. Creativity and innovation are very important and depends on an individual mentality how much he/she wants to learn and experiment. Your job has to be more important than anything else. Sometimes one may even have to put one’s family on the back burner to get ahead. Success in this sphere is all about commitment. One needs a lot of it to stick it out during the first few years of struggle. When many freshers have to tackle a hectic schedule sometimes from 7:00 in morning till 4:00 in the morning, day in and day out.

Hospitality Industry :- It is important that candidates assess themselves before venturing into the service industry, where one of the basic requirements is to have a service attitude In terms of qualifications, the candidate after completion of his/her class XII should complete a three years degree or diploma from a recognized catering college/institute of repute. In addition to this, he/she should try to attain knowledge of foreign languages as this is vital and often proves to be an added qualification here. It helps in the later part of their career and gives exposure to international standards also and way of life in foreign countries.

Training and Development

If you wish to become a designer chef study in any one of the following institution which are perceived to be among the top hotel management institute of India.( East/ West /North/ South Regions)

EAST

1 Institute of Hotel Management, Catering & Applied Nutrition, Kolkata, West Bengal.

2 International Institute of Hotel Management , Kolkata, West Bengal.

3 Institute of Advance Manage-ment, Kolkata, West Bengal.

4 Institute of Hotel Management, Gangtok, Sikkim.

5 Durgapur Society of Manage-ment Science, Durgapur, West Bengal.

6 Birla Institute of Technology, Department of Hotel Management, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand.

7 NSHM School of Hotel Management, Durgapur, West Bengal.

8 Institute of Science and Management , Department of Hotel Management , Ranchi Jharkhand.

9 Advanced Information and Management Studies( AIMS), Durgapur, West Bengal.

10 NIPS School of Hotel Manage-ment, Kolkata, West Bengal.

WEST

1. Institute of Hotel Management, Catering & Nutrition, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

2. Rizvi College of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

3. Vivekananda Institute of Hotel & Tourism Management, Rajkot, Gujarat.

4. Gujarat Institute of Hotel Management, Vadodara, Gujarat.

5. Tuli College of Hotel Manage-ment, Nagpur, Maharashtra.

SOUTH

1. Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Admini-stration, Manipal, Karnataka.

2. Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

3. Acharya Institute of Management & Science, Bangalore, Karnataka.

4. Madras Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

5. T John College, Department of Hotel Management, Bangalore, Karnataka.

6. KLE’s S. Nijalingappa College, Department of Hotel Management, Bangalore, Karnataka.

7. Sambhram College of Hotel Management, KGF, Karnataka

8. Sarosh Institute of Hotel Administration, Mangalore, Karnataka.

9. Oriental Institute of Catering Technology & Hotel Management , Madurai , Tamil Nadu

10. PES Institute of Hotel Management, Bangalore, Karnataka.

11. Administration Management College , Department of Hotel Management, Bangalore, Karnataka.

NORTH

1. Dr. Ambedker Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition, Chandigarh, Punjab.

2. Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Meerut , UP.

3. Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition, Gurdaspur, Punjab.

4. Desh Bhagat Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Gobindgarh, Punjab.

5. College of Hospitality and Tourism, Gurgaon, Haryana.

6. Maharishi Arvind Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

7. Maharishi Markendeshwar Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana.

8. College of Hospitality and Tourism, Faridabad, Haryana.

9. Amrapali Institute of Hotel Management , Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand.

10. LBIIHM, Pitampura, Delhi.

The list is indicative.

Preparing them for the job interview :- The candidate should be well groomed. First impression comes from their appearance. Gentlemen should be well shaven, and formally dressed preferably with a jacket and tie Shoes must be well polished and hair neatly cut and combed. They must possess the ability to communicate clearly with clear diction and should be well informed about current affairs and general knowledge. Ladies must be smartly, dressed, sober looking.

Pros and Cons :- Meeting the ever changing needs of the customer some times becomes an initial hurdle for youngsters starting out in this sphere. To overcome this, individuals must adapt and change their mindset to meet the demands of this industry. It is a fast paced life here. One suggestion here is, be local and think global. Avoid temptation. Remember this is not a glamour industry but actually calls for sheer hard work. One needs to acquire a will to learn and adapt. The biggest strength of being in the hospitality business is that it offers a congenial work environment, great team work, exposure to international clientele and high rewards for performers. The flip side is that when the whole world is enjoying, hoteliers have to slog it out, especially on holidays at odd working hours.

CELEBRITY CHEFS

Rakesh Sethi, a product of the Pusa Institute of Hotel Management in New Delhi, has worked at Holiday Inn Crown Plaza (New Delhi); Leela Kempensky (Mumbai); Park Royal (New Delhi); Yak and Yeti (Kathmandu, Nepal) and the Oberoi (New Delhi). He also has the distinction of working, on deputation for some months, as a Senior Cook at the President’s Estate.

Sanjeev Kapoor is a house-hold name as a renowned Chef. His cookery show on television, Khana Khazana is watched by millions across the country. A winner of the Best Executive Chef of India Award, Mr. Kapoor had made his foray into the hospitality industry after passing out from the Institute of Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition.

Present Remuneration in India

Even though the pay scale may vary from place to place, the differences are not too many. As a trainee Chef, one can earn Rs. 10,000 to Rs 15,000 per month. As one gains experience of around ten years, one can draw salary of Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 50,000 in a five star deluxe hotel. When one reaches the top and becomes an Executive Chef, one’s salary can be anything between Rs. 1 lakh and Rs. 2 lakh per month. According to the ITC’s latest Annual Report I, the executive pastry Chef at Maurya Sherton earns a gross remuneration of Rs. 52 lakh plus while the Chinese chef at Grand Maratha Sheraton gets a package of Rs. 50 lakh.

It is a well known fact that mostly, food habits are culturally determined, so one should be adaptable to the changing social order and food habits of people. Besides, as a Chef, one must keep oneself abreast of the latest technologies and techniques of cooking.

Conclusion :- Restaurant kitchen are fast-paced, often stressful and not that comfortable. These initially require long hours of work often on nights weekends and holidays, for a limited pay, in high pressure situations. Here, with years of dedications. hard work and luck, fame and fortune can beckon you. Yet it would be wise to realize that not every designer chef can become a celebrity chef on TV. The most gratifying side of being a designer chef for veterans though, is when while playing around with ingredients they create a lip smacking dish and it is appreciated by those who taste it.

Finally, choose a career not for the money, fame or glamour it seems to offer, but only if you are passionate about it and feel certain that it will help you realize your true potential. There are no short cuts to success! It is vital that fresher first take time to settle down, learn as much as they can about their organization and work, adapt them selves and deliver with quality. Success will automatically follow! Remember-where there is a will, there is a way.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN PHYSICS

2008-06-01T21:08:00.000-07:00

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN PHYSICS

Physics the mother of all sciences, engineering and technology. Fundamentals of Physics are the framework on which every other science is built. Hence physics is a compulsory course at senior secondary level in science stream. A good grasp in physics at plus two level, opens up vistas in engineering, technology, architecture, medicine, veterinary, agriculture and other allied science streams. Moreover students having proficiency in physics at senior secondary level can sit for prestigious exams like National Standard Examination in Physics which leads to National and International Physics Olympiad Examinations. These exams are conducted by Indian Association of Physics Teachers under the aegis of Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). A success in Physics Olympiad ensures a bright career in Physics education and research from prestigious institutes like Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, TIFR, NISER Bhubaneshwer, IISERs and subsequent absorption as scientists in reputed national laboratories and scientific organizations.

Institutes offering Physics Education & Research

Most degree colleges in India offer under graduate course (general or pass and honours) in Physics leading to B.Sc. degree. All central universities and leading state universities offer post graduate and doctoral programme in Physics. Several leading private universities also offer master’s in physics. The teaching of Physics in distance education mode at graduation, post graduation and doctoral level is offered by IGNOU and several other universities recognized by distance education council. Post graduate and doctoral programme in Physics is also offered by all IITs, IISc., TIFR and JNU. Admission to these programmes is either through JEE (integrated MSc.) or through Joint Admission Test to M.Sc (JAM) or through institute level entrance tests/interviews. Admissions to doctoral programme are on the basis of NET/GATE combined with institute level tests/interviews. Several National Institutes of Technology also offer masters in Physics/Applied Physics. B.Tech in engineering physics is offered by IIT Delhi through JEE. M. Tech. in Physics with various speciali-zation.

To impart high quality science education after 10+2, National Institute of Science Education & Research (NISER) has been recently set up at Bhubaneshwer. NISER is affiliated to Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), a deemed university within department of atomic energy (DAE). NISER will have a five year integrated M.Sc. programme in basic sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology). Students admitted to NISER will get a stipend of Rs. 3000 p.m. along with a suitable book grant. For admission students have to qualify National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) conducted under supervision of HBCSE. The university of Mumbai and department of atomic energy have also jointly set up a new autonomous centre for excellence in basic sciences (UM DAE CBS) in Mumbai, which will offer a five year integrated M.Sc. programme in basic sciences. Students admitted to UM DAE CBS will also get a fellowship of Rs. 3000 p.m. and an appropriate book grant. Those performing exceedingly well in M.Sc. may have a chance to be absorbed in R & D units and autonomous research institutions of the department of atomic energy. Admission will be based on NEST. However Kishore Vaigyanic Protsahan Yojana SA batch (KVYP fellows) & students who have qualified Indian National Olympiad Examination (INOE) are exempted from NEST. Five year integrated masters (M.S.) is also being offered at recently established Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune, Kolkata and Mohali centres with intake capacity of 100 each. Eligibility for admission will be based on the qualification of any of the three exams: KVPY SA batch, stage II –INOE and IIT JEE. Two more IISERs are being set up at Bhopal and Tiruchirapalli by MHRD. Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) is being set up under Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in the vicinity of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Thiruvananthpuram. IIST will offer, inter alias, integrated masters in applied science, post graduate, doctoral and post doctoral programme in space science.

R & D Institutes of Physics

Joint entrance screening test (JEST) is conducted annually throughout India at several centres for admissions to doctoral programme in physics in various premier research institutes. Following is a list of institutes who admit scholars through JEST.

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Mumbai is India’s premier institution for advanced research in the fundamental sciences. The main areas of research in Physics include astronomy and astrophysics, condensed matter physics and material science, high energy physics, nuclear & atomic physics and theoretical physics. HBCSE offers Ph.D. in science education (URL: http://www.tifr.res.in).

National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) is a part of TIFR located inside Pune university campus. The major observational facility at NCRA is Giant Meterwave Radio Teliscope (GMRT).

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) Pune, provides advanced centralized facilities for research in astronomy and astrophysics to faculty and students. Research activity at IUCAA mainly involves cosmology, classical and quantum gravity, gravitational wave astronomy and high energy physics (www.iucaa.ernet.in).

Institute of Physics (IOP) Bhubaneshwar, is a premier research institute funded by DAE and Government of Orissa. It has active research programmes in theoretical & experimental areas of high energy, nuclear, atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics and accelerator based basic and applied sciences (URL : http://www.iopb.res.in).

Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Ahmedabad, is a unit of Department of Space, GOI, and a leading institution engaged in research in several areas of experimental and theoretical physics and earth, planetary and atmospheric sciences. Besides its main campus at Ahmedabad it has an astronomy unit at Thaltej, an IR observatory at Mt. Abu and a solar observatory at Udaipur (www.prl. res.in).

Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad is an autonomous institute funded by DAE for conducting research in mathematics and theoretical physics (www.mri.ernet.in).

Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) Gandhinagar, is a premier science institute under DAE devoted to R & D activities in the areas of basic Plasma Physics, magnetic confinement, fusion and industrial applications of Plasma (www.ipr.res.in).

Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) Bangalore, is an autonomous institute funded by DST devoted to research in the area of sun and the solar system, stellar physics, extragalactic astronomy, quasars, and gamma ray burst sources. The institute’s field stations are located at Kodaikanal, Kavalur, Gauribidanur, Hosakote and Hanle (www.iiap.ernet.in).

Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), Mumbai offers doctoral programme in geomagnetism and allied fields of plasma physics, atmospheric and space physics. IIG has an equatorial Geophysical Research laboratory at Allahabad. The institute also operates ten modern magnetic observatories at various locations in India (http://www. iigm.res.in).

Raman Research Institute, Bangalore is an autonomous organization funded by DST. The institute has active research programmes in the areas of astronomy and astrophysics, optics, soft condensed matter physics and theoretical physics (http://www.rri.res.in).

The Institute of mathematical Sciences (IMSc) Chennai, an autonomous institute funded by DAE offers research in frontier areas of theoretical physics.

Jawaharlal Nehru centre for advanced scientific research (JNCASR) Bangalore, is an autonomous institute pursuing research in several frontier areas in science and engineering (www.jncasr.ac.in).

Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata is an autonomous institute funded by DST. The main research areas include condensed matter physics, cosmology, quantum optics, mesoscopic systems. Apart from usual doctoral programme the institute also offers a post B.Sc. integrated Ph.D. programme (www.bose.res.in).

Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) Nainital, provides research facility in a few selected areas of astrophysics and atmospheric sciences.

UGC DAE Consortium of Scientific Research Indore, Mumbai & Kolkata centres are autonomous institutions establish-ed by UGC mainly for utilization of major experimental facilities of DAE (www.csr.ernet.in).

In addition to the usual selection through JEST, IUCAA & NCRA also conduct their own admission test INAT.

Post doctoral & other relevant R&D programmes

Many prestigious institutes like IISc, IITs and JNU offer post doctoral programme in select areas. Apart from these post doctoral programme is also offered at :

(i) The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc) offers about 10 post doctoral fellowships for one/two years.

(ii) Institute for Plasma Research.

(iii) Raman Research Institute, Bangalore.

(iv) UGC DAE CSR Indore, Mumbai & Kolkata centres.

(v) Harish Chandra Research Institute.

Dr. K.S. Krishnan research associateship for a period of two years is provided every year for R&D programmes relevant to DAE. DAE has also initiated a one year orientation course for engineering graduates and science post graduates (OCES). The other newly launched programme of DAE is a two year graduate fellowship scheme for engineering graduates and post graduates in physics (DGFS) for joining M.Tech. in specific specializations. The diploma or degree after successful completion of OCES & DGFS will be awarded by HBNI. Shyma Prasad Mukherjee (SPM) Fellowship has been instituted by CSIR for pursuing research in CSIR laboratories or other specialized R & D institutions/universities. SPM is a preferential qualification in recruitment to CSIR jobs.

Institutes offering Summer Students Programme

Several institutes offer a 4-8 week summer programme for undergraduate and postgraduate students. These programme involves project work at these institute under the guidance of a faculty member of the institute and overview lectures on frontline topics. An indicative list of institutes include

(i) The Institute of Mathematical Sciences.

(ii) Institute for Plasma Research.

(iii) Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics.

National Graduate Examina-tion in Physics is conducted annually by Indian Association of Physics Teachers throughout India (e- mail: ngpe@iapt.in). Top 1% of successful students get a chance of attending training and summer schools at prestigious R & D institutes. In particular they become eligible for integrated Ph.D. programme of Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata and National Initiative for under-graduate Science programme of HBCSE.

Employment Scenario :

(1) As scientists in national laboratories & organizations like BARC, DRDO, SSPL, ISRO, Space Application Centres (SAC), National Atmospheric Research laboratory of department of space, Inter university accelerator centres (IUAC), Indira Gandhi Centre for atomic research (IGCAR) Kalpakkam, Raja Ramanna Centre for advanced Technology (RRCAT) Indore, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) Calcutta, Uranium Corporation of India Limited, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Nuclear fuel complex, Heavy Water Board, Atomic mineral directorate etc.

(2) In research institutes such as PRL Ahmedabad, IPR Gandhinagar, IUCAA, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Calcutta, ARIES, Uttrakhand, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Centre for Liquid Crystal Research (CLCR), UGC DAE CSR.

(3) In constituent laboratories & institutes of CSIR like National Physical Laboratory (NPL), National Geophysical Research Institute, Regional Research Laboratories, National Institute of Science, Technology and Develop-ment Studies (NISTADS), Institute of Materials & Mineral Technology (IMMT), National Institute of Science Communication and Infor-mation Resources (NISCAIR) etc.

(4) In agricultural research services with soil physics & agricultural physics as specialization.

(5) Teaching positions in secondary & higher secondary schools, degree colleges, poly techniques, engineering colleges & state and central universities, prestigious institutions including IITs, IISc, IISERs.

Moreover the ubiquitous position of physics tutor is always there. Some reputed coaching institutes offer really fabulous pay packages.

CAREER PROSPECTS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE

2008-06-01T21:06:00.000-07:00

CAREER PROSPECTS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE

Forensic Science is primarily concerned with the application of scientific principles for the investigation of crime. Using the very latest in technology, forensic scientists convert the clues collected from a crime scene into evidence admissible in a court of law. It is the use or application of science in courts or legal proceedings. This is a challenging and interesting field for those who have are inquisitive and loves adventure.

Forensic scientists analyze all physical evidence found on a victim on the scene of a crime and compare it to evidence found on a suspect and provide expert testimony in a court of law. The evidences might include traces of blood, saliva, other body fluids, hair, fingerprints, footwear and tyre impressions, explosives, speci-mens of tissue for poisons, blood and urine for alcohol etc. Their expertise lies in the determination of facts using these evidences. They have to prepare a report of their investigation and appear in the court to give evidence. They work closely with the police to provide scientific evidence that is admissible in the court.

Education : To take up a masters course in forensic science you need to be a graduate preferably with a first division in Physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, biochemistry, micro-biology, B.pharm, BDS or applied science.

To become a specialist who conducts post-mortems on dead bodies to find out the cause of death, you must first secure an MBBS degree and then go for an MD in Forensic Science. All Indian Universities that offer MBBS courses also offer an MD in Forensic Science.

For Research : Indian nationals below 30 years and who have obtained 1st class marks in Master’s degree in any one of the subjects : Physics/Chemistry/Biochemistry/Anthropology/Zoology/Molecular Biology/Maths (with Physics as one of the subjects at the bachelor degree level)/Biotechnology/Microbiology/ Computer Science/Computer Engineering/Forensic Psychology etc. or M.Phil in the same subjects whichever is the essential qualifi-cation for the award of Ph.D degree of a recognized Indian University.

Personal attributes : An inquisitive nature and a concern for accuracy is the main attribute required to be in this field. They must have keen observation, intelligence, an eye for detail, ability to work along with a team, a logical, practical and methodical approach. An aptitude for scientific analysis is essential. Good colour vision is required by some labs. A criminal record or history of drink/drug problems could result in exclusion.

Job Prospects

They can find employment with law enforcement agencies, police, legal system and in the investigative services of the government and also private agencies. They can also work as teachers in institutes that conduct courses in this subject.

Opportunities for forensic scientists exist in government organizations such as the Intelligence Bureau (IB), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and as investigative officers in the crime cells of state police forces. Forensic experts essentially work in forensic labs and sometimes even in large private detective agencies to establish the link between the criminal and the crime.

Career Options

There are variety of options for forensic professionals. They can specialise in subjects as varied as medicine, engineering, finger-printing, insect study, languages, geology etc.

Crime Scene Investigation : Scene investigation involves issues such as security, prevention of contamination, locating and collecting relevant items of evidence, interpretation of evidence and possible reconstruction of the event. Scenes can range from a relatively simple house break to a fire in a multi-storey building or a city bombing.

Qualification required : Diploma in Forensic Investigation or Degree in Forensic Investigation or Degree in Analytical Chemistry.

Forensic Pathology/Medicine : Forensic pathologists determine the time and cause of death in cases of suspected murder or suicide. This involves post mortem examinations of deaths reported to determine the cause and the manner of death. (i.e. sudden and unexpected deaths or deaths due to accident or injury, suicide or homicide).

Qualification required : Medical degree (MBBS) with M.D or appropriate post-graduate qualifications in Forensic Science.

Forensic Anthropology : Forensic anthropologists use their knowledge of human skeletal anatomy to assist in the identification of skeletal remains. They are called to identify individuals murdered or killed in disasters such as plane crashes, explosions, fires and other tragedies resulting in the loss of life and mutilation of bodies. They may also be able to discover the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of the deceased.

Qualification required : A Ph.D in anthropology with an emphasis on the study of human osteology and anatomy or a Medical degree (MBBS) with appropriate post-graduate qualifications.

Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry : Psychiatry and psychology are concerned with whether a mental state may be a mitigating circumstance in the commission of an alleged crime, whether a person is mentally fit to stand trial and treating those convicted of crimes who are mentally ill. A forensic psychologist is any psychologist who by virtue of training or experience may assist a court or other fact finder in arriving at a just or correct decision.
Forensic psychologists or psychiatrists may be called on to evaluate a murder scene to suggest a possible psychological profile of the killer.

Qualification required : Medical degree (MBBS) with appropriate post-graduate qualifications

Forensic Dentistry (Odontology) : It is a branch of dentistry which deals with the collection, evaluation and proper handling of dental evidence in order to assist law enforcement officers and in civil & criminal proceedings. The role of the odontologist is to identify bodies and skeletal remains from dental records, reconstruct faces from skulls and where possible, interpret bite marks.

Qualification required : Degree in Dentistry, Post Graduate Diploma of Forensic Odontology.

Clinical Forensic Medicine : Those involved in clinical forensic medicine amongst other things, examine victims of crime and suspects who may have sustained an injury while allegedly committing a crime. They give interpretations of their findings such as the possible causes and timing of the injuries.

Qualification required : Medical degree (MBBS) with appropriate post-graduate qualifications.

Forensic Serology : Forensic serology is the study of blood groups, blood, and other bodily fluids for identification purposes following a crime. Forensic serologists also carry out DNA fingerprinting, which offers the possibility of positive identification of an individual from samples of blood or semen.

Forensic Chemist : Areas of work includes the detection and identification of illicit drugs, accelerants used in arson cases, explosive and gunshot residues, trace evidence, including paint, glass, polymers and fibres.

Qualification required : Science degree with a major in analytical, applied or forensic chemistry.

Forensic linguists : Forensic linguists analyse the content of written or oral communication to identify who is speaking and indicate the speaker’s intent, and can determine whether two communications are from the same person. This is obviously important in cases of kidnapping.

Ballistics : Ballistics is the study of the flight paths of projectiles, but modern ballistics now includes the study of everything to do with firearms. It also involves the determination of the angle and distance a gun was fired from to hit a specific target.

Qualification required : Science degree with a major in a relevant discipline, Diploma in forensic investigation, Degree in forensic investigation.

Forensic Engineer : Deals with traffic accidents, fire investi-gations, and a variety of wrongful injury cases. Engineers are involved in failure analysis, accident reconstruction, causes and origins of fires or explosions, quality evaluation of construction or manufacturing etc.

Qualification required : An Engineering degree with post-graduate qualifications in Forensic Engineering.

Remuneration - for various state forensics departments would be as per government pay scales. The state department salaries begin around Rs. 8,000 per month and increases according to the rank and years of experience. Forensic scientists holing postgraduate qualifications can expect to start with a salary of Rs.12,000 - Rs.18,000 p.m depending on the nature of the organization. Private forensic laboratories offer lucrative pay packages to scientists with a few years of experience behind them.

INSTITUTES OFFERING FORENSIC SCIENCE COURSES:

l Forensic Sciences Depart-ment, "Forensic House", 30-A, Kamarajar Salai, Mylapore, Chennai 600004.

l Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Senate House, Paliwal Park, Agra 282004.

l Punjabi University, Patiala 147002

l University of Delhi, Delhi 110007

l Anna University, Chennai 600025

l Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003

l Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Gour Nagar, Sagar 470003

l University of Lucknow, Badshah Bagh, Lucknow- 226007

l Punjab University, Chandigarh

l Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science, 4-E Jhandewalan Extn, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi 110056.

l Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Delhi

l Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gour Nagar, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh.

l Forensic Sciences Depart-ment, "Forensic House", 30-A, Kamarajar Salai, Mylapore, Chennai 600004.

l Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science, 4-E Jhandewalan Extn, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi 110056.

l Central Forensic Laboratory, Kolkata, CFIs Complex, 30 Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700014.

l Guru Gobind Singh Indra-prastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110006, India.

l Allahabad Agriculture Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad.

The list is indicative.

Research options

l Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad, CFIs Complex, Ramanathapur, Hyderabad 500013.

l Neutron Activation Analysis Unit, BARC, Mumbai.

l Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Chandigarh, CFIs Complex, Sector 36A, Chandigarh 160036.

l Central Forensic Laboratory, Kolkata, CFIs Complex, 30 Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700014.

CAREER IN ANIMATION AND MULTIMEDIA

2008-06-01T21:04:00.000-07:00

CAREER IN ANIMATION AND MULTIMEDIA

Animation is the design, drawing, layout and production of photographic sequences that are incorporated in the multimedia products in order to give it a smart appearance. In other words, animation involves the manipulation of still images to create the illusion of movement. Using computer technology, a sequence of staggered images captured in related positions are made to appear as if they’re really moving.

Multimedia is any combination of text, graphic art, sound, animation and video delivered to us by computer or other electronic means. Technically the term “multimedia” can be used to refer any combination of visual and audio material from a range of sources into a single presentation. More specifically the term “multimedia” is used for the combination of materials within a format or medium that can be used by a computer, including CD-ROM or digital video, interactive touch-screen monitors, internet or web technology, streaming audio or video, and data projection system etc. Modern cinema has gained great heights by absorbing the gift of multimedia in Hollywood and Bollywood blockbusters viz., Jurassic park and Krish etc. Television advertisements, cartoon serials, presentations and model design are no exception.

Prospects and Opportunities

Global animation industry is estimated to grow around US$75 billion by 2009 and Indian share is expected to be $950 million in the same period, thereby witnessing annual growth rate of 35% from 2005-2009. The market for another multimedia product i.e., gaming is expected to reach $300 million by 2009. In India, there are around 90-100 million TV homes, hundreds of TV channels and over 70,000 cable operators. They are demanding round the clock information and entertainment services for TV viewers. These figures shows a promising growth, bright prospects and opportunities for multimedia industry. The only factor which hampers the growth of multimedia sector is the dearth of skilled professionals. It is expected that in next few years the requirement for multimedia professionals can swell to 2 lakh. Moreover, the IT-enabled services sector, which includes interactive or digital multimedia, animation and gaming, is expect to employ around 1.1 million professionals by 2008.

Work and skill requirements

The work of multimedia professionals can he described as the generation and manipulation of graphic images, animation, sound, music, text and video into consolidated multimedia programs for entertainment, education or instructional media. Multimedia development includes a combi-nation of different skills viz., combination art, music, education and many other areas with comput-ing and information technology. As such there is no single background that can be considered as ideal pathway in the profession. But knowledge of more than one skill in animation, author-based programm-ing, computer-based graphic design, digital audio-video mixing and editing, educational and instructional design and multimedia pro-gramming is necessary. Besides, creativity, pioneering personality, flexibility, mathematical and analytic art, strong verbal and written communication skill, ability to work well with others, flair for innovation design and artistic talent are other traits which can give more advantage.

Starting a successful multimedia career

Before starting a multimedia career, you should keep following points in mind in order to make entry in this career to become a professional :-

l Specifically think what you want to be or do? Choose one among graphical designer, art director, animator, video producer, multimedia desig-ner, cartoon or game designer, CD-ROM developer or presentation artists etc.

l Make a list of skills you required in your chosen field.

l Join for a course and/or training in the field you have chosen, keeping in view the skills you have to acquire. But before joining the course and/or training know the facilities in term of equipment, faculty and placement records of the institution before you join one.

l Find and get work experience.

l Generate different resumes for different jobs.

l Keep a professional looking, well focused and polished portfolio.

How to start

There are various courses on multimedia offered all over the country. For acquiring a diploma in multimedia, one has to pass the 12th standard examination from any recognized board with a minimum of 45% marks. For the bachelor’s degree program the same eligibility criterion is applicable, while for the PG program one must have a bachelor’s degree.

Multimedia and animation careers

l Animation

l Author-based programming

l Computer based graphic designing

l Digital video-sound editing

l Multimedia programming or designing

l Interface designing

l Instructional designing

l Production artist

l Website designing or development

l Technical writing

Animation : the career is concerned with the design, drawing, layout and production of graphically rich and attractive multimedia clips. Animators may use 2D or 3D animators for gaming, instructional programs, CD-ROM or Web, kiosks and video. Animator may or may not be a great artist. His/her talent may lie in 3D modeling and following a designer’s sketch. Those with strong drawing skills could be hired as storyboard artists who can visualize a sequence of events from frame to frame. Using laser equipment, computer animators scan images of real objects onto a computer and convert them to digital form. Usually the animator has to model the character or object in the computer, drawing curves, constructing surfaces and using primitive objects (such as spheres and cubes) to produce a wireframe model. Controls are then added to the model to allow it to be bent and posed. It is advantageous to understand photography, lighting and movement for those planning to work in computer animation. They must be able to visualise how an object will look in three dimensions and have the know-how to make an animate object look real.

Author-based programming : It involves writing scripts or extensions in order to integrate a variety of images, text animation, graphics, presentations, and sound before selecting and applying the desired program structure to produce a multimedia product.

Computer based graphic designing : In this career, individual uses computing technology and specialist software packages to mange production, interface and integration of various graphics and other mediums into the multimedia package design. The primary role in this profession is design of art and copy layouts for multimedia products.

Digital video-sound editing : The career is concerned with using computer-based editing systems to prepare video sound for multimedia products. One should be familiar with editing and formatting a video or audio, voice-overs and mixing music.

Multimedia programming or designing : It involves writing code to incorporate the range of audio-visual elements contained within a given multimedia package, and solving problems associated with conversion between different platforms. One should be having specialization in video systems development or programming with awareness of various operating systems and usability issues. The programmer or designer can use authoring system or programming language. Preparation of blueprint for project in terms of contents, media and interaction would be prime responsibility of the multimedia designer.

Interface designing : The profession is concerned with devising navigation pathways and content maps. How the screens and dialog boxes are interrelated and flow together, which buttons do what, what happened in various situations? Interface designing requires good ability of programming and familiarity and integration of various multimedia products.

Instructional designing : This category of job is associated with the design of educational multimedia systems. The designer can be a multimedia designer/programmer or/or interface designer having ability to transform various educational instructional media in to a single multimedia product. Instructional designers are used to target specific learning objectives and audiences through multimedia productions.

Production artist : He/she works with the project manager or designer to scan, format, batch and produce various parts of the project.

Website designing or development : The work is associated with design and development of website keeps focus on the overall look and feel of a website. Work may be supported by interface designer and/or graphic designer. Knowledge of image editing tools is pre-requisite.

Technical writing : This career is concerned with the development of characters, point of views, scripts for voice-overs, instructional text, etc. much like in film or video scripting. The professional’s particular job description is to write software installation instructions and user manuals.

Major Multimedia education/ training centers

Some Universities and Institutions in the country offers long term and short term courses in Multimedia depending upon the qualification and depth of training to be given.

National Multimedia Resource Centre (NMRC), Centre for design of advance computing (C-DAC), Shivajinagar Pune, has taken lead in multimedia training programs. They have designed latest academic curriculum for their multimedia courses. Multimedia training programs covers the topics like high-end 2D and 3D Animation, Non Linear Video Editing, Virtual Reality Authoring and Web Multimedia to produce highly trained manpower in the field of Multimedia. The multimedia tools and technology development at NMRC covers Multilinguism in Multimedia, Digital Library Authoring Tools, Content Archival, Usability Evaluation, Content Editing and Database driven software. The centre is also engaged in the development of ActiveX components for multimedia support in applications and extending it in the areas of sensing devices, Virtual Reality (VR), Human Computer Interface (HCI) design and multimedia applications of sensing technologies.

Besides, Panjab Technical University, Jalandhar; National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad; Industrial Design Center (IDC), IIT at Mumbai and Guwahati; Film & Television Institute of India; Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Thiruvananthapuram; Kerala Cartoon Academy, Kochi; Toonz Animation India Private Limited, Thiruvananthapuram; AFA-Animation and Fine Arts Academy, Coimbatore; College of Fine Arts & Applied Art, JNT University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad are also providing education in multimedia. Some other leading private sector institutions are also creating manpower in the area by providing sophisticated training. The list of Universities and Public Section Institutions offering various courses / trainings are:-

Multimedia courses in India

Name of University/ Courses offered Address

Institute

NMRC, C-DAC o Diploma in Advanced Computer Arts (DACA) Agriculture College Near

o Diploma in Multimedia Creations (DMC) District

o Low Cost Multimedia Creations (LCMC) Industries Centre,

o Applied Computer Arts (ACA) Shivajinagar Pune - 411005

Punjab technical o B.Sc in multimedia Punjab technical university,

university (in o M.Sc in multimedia Jalandhar, Punjab.

collaboration with o Pg Diplomat in multimedia www.ptu.ac.in

CABA innovation o P.G. Diploma in Multimedia Animation,

multimedia Pvt. Ltd.) CD-ROM and Web Design (15 Months)

o Advance Diploma in Professional Web

Design and CD-ROM Authoring (8 Months)

o Advance Diploma in Professional Post-

Production & Animation(8 Months)

National Institute of o Graduate/post graduate diploma in Film National Institute of

Design(NID), & Video Communication, New Media Design, Design(NID), Paldi,

Ahmedabad Information & Interface Design, Design For Ahmedabad - 380 007 Gujarat

Retail Experience , Design For Digital Website : www.nid.edu

Experience, Graphic Design, Animation Film

Design.

o Post-Graduate Diploma Programme in

Product Design (PGDPD), Graphic Design,

Animation Film Design, Film & Video

Communication

Centre for o PG Diploma in Multimedia Design Centre for Development of

Development of o PG Diploma in Animation Film Design Imaging Technology,

Imaging Technology, o Diploma in Digital Media Production Chitranjali Studio Complex,

Thiruvananthapuram o Certificate Course in Non- Linear Editing Thiruvallom PO,

Thiruvananthapuram (Ker), www.cdit.org

Film & Television o Three Year Post Graduate Diploma in Editing Film & Television Institute

Institute of India, o One and a half Year Certificate Course in of India, Law College Road,

Pune Animation and Computer Graphics Pune-411004 (Mah),

o One Year Certificate in Video Editing www.ftiindia.com

Image College of o Advance diploma in animation MG Road, Besant Nagar,

Arts Animation & o Diploma in classical animation Adayar, Chennai 600020

Technology o Certificate in entry level animation (Tamil Nadu)

o Foundation program in classical animation Ph: 044-52113900

o Foundation program in 3D animation http://www.animationacad

o Broadcasting animation in 3D emyindia.com

o Certificate in video editing

AFA-Animation & The offered courses are : No 347, Nehru Street,

Fine Arts Academy o 2D animation Ramnagar, Coimbatore (Tamil

o 3D animation Nadu) Website :

o multimedia and fine arts. afaanimationindia.com

DOEACC, Centre o Multimedia Professional with Specialization DOEACC Centre Calicut,

Calicut in Animation and visual effects (DCMP) Post Box No. 5, N.I.T. Campus

o Multimedia Professional with Specialization P.O., Calicut-673601, Kerala.

in Web Designing (DCMP) www.cedtic.com

DOEACC, Centre o costomized course in multimedia 2nd floor of ICCW Building,

Tezpur and Guwahati N.T. Road, Tezpur-784001

DOEACC, Centre o Advance course in Multimedia and Web Dr. BAM University Campus

Aurangabad page Designing. Aurangabad-431004

EDUCATIONAL AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2008-06-01T21:02:00.000-07:00

EDUCATIONAL AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Food science is a discipline concerned with all the technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering, and ending with its cooking and consumption. It is considered as a branch of the agricultural sciences, and is usually distinct from the field of nutrition. Examples of the activities of food scientists include the development of new food products, design of processes to produce these foods, choice of packaging materials, shelf-life studies, and sensory evaluation of the product with trained expert panels or potential consumers, as well as microbiological and chemical testing. Food scientists at universities may study more fundamental phenomena that are directly linked to the production of particular food product and its properties. Food science is in fact a highly interdisciplinary applied science. It incorporates concepts from many different fields including microbiology, chemical eng-ineering, biochemistry, and many others.

Some Sub-disciplines of food science are :

l Food safety or food microbiology - the causes and prevention of food borne illness.

l Food preservation - the causes and prevention of quality degradation.

l Food engineering - the industrial processes used to manufacture food.

l Product development - the invention of new food products.

l Sensory analysis - the study of how food is perceived by the consumer’s senses.

l Food chemistry - the molecular composition of food and the involvement of these molecules in chemical reactions.

l Food packaging - the study of how food is packaged to preserve the food after it has been processed.

l Molecular gastronomy - the application of science to culinary practice and more generally gastronomical phenomena.

l Food Technology - the technological aspects.

Next to breath, life of human being is solely dependent on food and health, and hence the importance of food science and technology in keeping us healthy can never be overlooked. The fast paced life of today has ushered in the era of convenience food or more popularly the fast food culture in our country. On one hand this has led to the growing demand for packed and processed food and on the other it has made the consumer more quality and nutrition conscious. All these factors pose a very encouraging picture on the future of Food Processing Industry (FPI) in India. The food processing industry encompasses basic foods like wheat and rice products and the processes for converting them into edible form; besides processed foods such as bakery & confectionery products, dairy products, meat and fish products, fruit and vegetable products in short, everything which is processed and packaged to enhance and prolong the edible shelf life. This technology has indeed revolutionized the food habits of the people in our country by having cooked and packed foods in attractive packages in their homes. In fact these foods have become a status symbol for many households in the country.

Institutions and Eligibility for Education

Many universities in India now offer degree courses in food science and food technology. There are also institutes offering post-graduate courses in specialized aspects of food processing, such as Post Harvest Technology (PHT). Candidates with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) or Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB) or Agriculture at 10+2 level can opt for under graduate courses in food science and technology and home science etc. However, for seeking admission to M.Sc. (Food Science/Food technology), an eligibility criterion is B.Sc. (Food Science/Food Technology as one of the major courses studied during under graduate degree programme).

Some Institutes and courses

S.No. Name of the courses offered Name of the Institute/University

1. B.Sc. with Food Technology University of Delhi, Delhi 110007

2. B.Sc. with Food Technology Manipur University, Imphal 795003

3. B.Sc. with Food & Nutrition Dr. Babasabeb Ambedkar Marathawada University,

Aurangabad 431004

4. B.Sc. with Food technology Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills PO, Kottayam 686560

5. B.Sc. with Food and Nutrition Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009

6. B.Sc. with Food and Nutrition University of Calcutta, Calcutta 700073

7. Diploma Course Food Analysis and Quality University of Mysore, Crawford Hall, Mysore 570005

Assurance/Food Science Technology

8. B.Sc. with Food Preservation University of Madras, Madras 600005

9. B.Sc. with Food Technology Manipur University, Imphal 795003

10. B.Tech. (Food Engineering) Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Distt. Satna

485331

11. B.Tech. (Food Engineering) Jadavpur University (after B.Sc.), Calcutta 700032

12. B.Tech. (Food Engineering) Kanpur University, Kanpur 208024 (UP) (M.Tech. is also available)

13. B.Tech. (Food Technology) Harcourt Batlar Technology Institute (HBTI), Kanpur 208002

14. B. Sc. Tech (after B.Sc.) Nagpur University, Nagpur 440001

15. B. Sc. Tech (after B.Sc.) University of Bombay, Fort, Mumbai 400032

16. M.Sc. Tech (Food Tech. & University of Bombay, Fort, Mumbai 400032

Fermentation Tech.)

17. M.Sc. (Food Science) Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003 (A.P.)

18. M.Sc. Food Technology Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145 (Uttarakhand)

19. M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition) Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 26 3145 (Uttarakhand)

20. M.Sc. (Food & Fermentation Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005 (Punjab)

Technology and Food Sc.)

21. M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003

22. M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition) University of Agricultural Sciences, Krishinagar,

Dharwad 580005

23. M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition), University of Mysore, Mysore

24. Food Science Preservation/Management SNDT Women’s University, 1, Nathibai Thackersay

and Food Sc. Technology Road, Mumbai 400020

25. Food Science Preservation/Management University of Madras, Centenary of Madras, Centenary

and Food Science & Technology Buildings, Chepauk, Chennai 600005

26. M.Sc. Food Technology Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar

27. M.Sc. Food Science & Technology Institute of Applied Sciences, Ch. Charan Singh

University, Meerut 200005

28. M.Sc. Food Technology Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI),

Mysore 570013

29. Broad Areas of Short-term Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI),

Courses such as : Mysore 570013

l Analysis and quality standards

l Technology of fruit and vegetable

products

l Post-harvest handling of fresh fruits and

vegetables

l Technology of meat and fish products

l Infestation control and pesticides

l Wheat milling and baking technology

l Microbiological quality control of foods

l Rice technology

l Food packaging

l Confectionery technology

l Production of secondary metabolites

through cell and tissue culture

l Food processing equipment

l Storage of food grains

l Food flavours and spices

l Instrumental methods of food analysis

l Processing of oilseeds for value addition

l Processing and analysis of spices and

spice products

l Quality Management System (ISO

9000-related) for food industries

l Food biotechnology

30. M.Sc. (Post Harvest Technology) Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

110012

Career Prospects

Food Processing Industry is a very fast growing industry with good job prospects in India and abroad. Processed and preserved foodstuffs have been instrumental in brining about a change in the food habits of a large urban populace. From eating merely for subsistence, people now prefer to supplement their diet with ‘value-added food’. Increase in consumption of processed foods is noticeable across various sections of the population and the trend of ‘eating out’ has grown manifold. In tune with theses trends, the market for processed food is growing significantly. As per the latest estimate it is an interesting fact, that “The food industry is the fifth largest industry in the country. Currently, it generates employment for about 20 lakhs people and will generate new jobs to extent of 2.5 lakhs every year. Further in many advanced nations, it is the largest industry”. Obviously, with such growth on the anvil, investment and restructuring are required in processing, retailing and for setting up cooperatives. This tool is also widely used for streamlining the agricultural sector, which in turn enhances growth of the food technology industry. Food production, procurement, processing, distribution networks and retailing are attracting large integrated players into the field. With the open market policies of the government and globalization, this industry has also attracted multinational participation. It is a thrust area recognized by the government as well. Needless to say, the industry is now offering tremendous job opportunities to qualified food technologists.

There is a plethora of opportunities for food technologists, mainly in institutions like processing industries, hotels, food industries, quality control, hospitals, packaging industries, distilleries, bakery industries, soft drink factories, product design, pharmaceutical industry, biochemical engineering, spice, cereal and rice mills etc.

It is estimated that the ratio of various types of jobs available in today’s scenario in the country are as :

1. Factory production : 60%;

2. Research & Development (R&D) : 15%;

3. Government laboratories : 3%;

4. Teaching : 2%;

5. Other jobs : 20%.

Remuneration

Today being a food scientist and technologist is all about success and quick career growth. To start as a fresher/trainee after an under graduate degree course in food science and technology, one can earn a salary ranging from Rs.10, 000/ to Rs.18, 000 per month. However, a master degree holder can get a salary in the range of 15, 000/ to 25, 000 per month depending upon the personal skills and caliber. In the present scenario, the fact is that the stepping-in of multi-national companies (MNCs) has further increased job prospects and lucrative salary packages in this industry. Even the Government of India is giving some subsidy and providing loans through nationalized banks to encourage entrepreneurship programmes, which work out to be an easy route to set-up their own business for the well qualified food scientists and technologists. As a food science technologist gains some expertise in the field, sky is the limit for him/her as far as remunerations and other benefits are concerned.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE JOB MARKET

2008-06-01T20:57:00.000-07:00

Employment news career articles,information about various career streams:

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE JOB MARKET:

There are a host of new and emerging Challenges and Opportunities at the work-place. Obsolescence and change have a significant effect on both the decline of some professions and emergence of others. The new generation of employees has characteristics which are distinct from those of the earlier generation. Many employers attach great importance to Atitude, Emotion and work ethics. In fact they base their decisions of recruitment and promotion on the possession of these skills by job-seekers. There is considerable wisdom and advice, 'of successful professionals available for the benefit of all students or job seekers.

We live in a knowledge society. There is tremendous diversity in the matter of careers covering conventional as well as emerging fields.

The Goals of Education

There are several distinct Goals or Aims of Education:

● Individual Goal: to contribute to the development of the Individual, to make him/her self-reliant.

● Social Goals: to provide education for: Citizenship, Social Efficiency and Social Service.

● Knowledge Goal: is related to acquisition of relevant knowledge.

● Moral Goal: is related to character formation.

● Vocational Goal: deals with the preparation of individuals for contributing to economic development and national wealth through productive employment.

A reciprocal relationship exists between education and employment - between educational planning and manpower planning. There ought to be a match between the knowledge and skills required by the different employment sectors; and the structure, content and Teaching-Learning processes provided by the education sectors. Any mismatch results in under-or unemployment, and frustrations and social unrest. It is necessary to provide feedback loops, and bridge the gap between education and employment through occupational training.

In the classical tradition, Education was not only for preparation for employment. In the post industrial era; formal education is a pre-requisite for employment. Educated and trained manpower is one of the major inputs for economic and social development. The employment sector is where an individual spends most of his adult life. The employment sector consists of different sub-sectors: Agrarian, Manufacturing, Business, Financial, Social and Public Services, etc. An efficient labour market must meet the requirements of both employers and employees. The employment sector must pride both opportunities and incentives to encourage the adaptability of the work force.

The Future of Work

The idea of restricting the concept of work to paid employment started about 200 years ago, and actually took off only after the industrial revolution. All other forms of work, especially housework and family work were looked down upon, and are not covered by statistics as indicators of prosperity and growth. In the long run, it is believed that the foundations of a society will emerge in which people’s work is divided in three ways: paid work, self-work and civic work.

Social scientist Imhoff predicts that in future, paid employment will only take up about 6% of people’s lives; they will be spending more time in education; paid working hours will shorten; and life expectancy will be longer. A 100 years ago, people spent 35% of their lives in gainful employment. Today, this figure has fallen to just under 13% - and is expected to drop to only 6% in future. It is asserted that Education should be regarded as an activity and as educational work.

In summary, society will recognize 5 types of work: paid employment; self-work; citizen to citizen work; community work; and educational work. This “work portfolio” could be linked to an equivalent “income portfolio”, with money-earning and money-saving component.

The number of self-employed people continues to grow; middle management is disappearing; many businesses are folding due to out-sourcing or down-sizing to core activities; opportunities for arbitrage are on the rise; and the international movement of labor and business continues to pick up speed. A consequence of all these will be the unassailability of full employment in the major old industrial countries”.

Job watch for the future

The following advice is given to prospective employees and job seekers, in a recent news report:

Hiring: Potential employers may reject you if you show any of the following qualities:

● You want very clear job descriptions and very clear lines of authority.

● You have experience in only one single function.

● Your work experience has all been in a single industry sector.

● You have worked in big firms; you haven’t experienced turbulent situations.

● You want permanent employment and not a contract.

Compensation: Your employer will be averse your asking for the following:

● A salary where the fixed component is high, the performance-linked part low.

● A package which has the firm taking care of issues like housing.

● The taxable component is low and the tax-free component is high.

● A salary structure with a minimum fixed increment every year.

Redundancy: You could end up losing your job even if you are doing well because:

● Your company is merging with another company.

● Your firm is moving into a new business, and your department doesn’t fit in.

● Your firm has dropped its plans for a new business and doesn’t need you.

● The work your department does can be outsourced.

● Internal restructuring to reduce the duplication in your company.

The right choice: In this report in Mid Day–September 6, 2001, four factors affecting Career Choice have been identified:

Talent: Two questions need to be asked:

● What are my strengths and weaknesses?

● How can I focus on my strengths and manage my weaknesses ?

Most people don’t choose their career, their career chose them. They got into a line of work, because they had to certain job, or somebody told them they’d be good at a certain job. For a fulfilling career, one must make sure that he/she is doing what he/she is good at. That way, one will enjoy doing it.

Purpose: Talents develop best in the context of interest. Choosing one’s work is the chance to do something meaningful and relevant.

Environment: It is necessary to figure out what work environment best suit one’s style, temperament and values.

Vision: Talent, purpose and environment are all about work style and work choice. Vision describes how work fits into the rest of life.

Emerging career options

Options on completion of UG degree: The following options present themselves to a Graduate:

● Job: In private sector, public sector, government (central/state), teaching, R&D.

● Self-employment; as an entrepreneurs.

● Training (Apprentice).

● Further Studies: In India or abroad (external brain drain); In Technology or Management or Business (internal brain drain). For most post-graduate admissions, an entrance examination has to be cleared (GATE, CAT, GRE, GMAT…).

The major measures of success are related to job satisfaction; money, prestige; reputation; image (as perceived by peers, society); leisure activities; ambition and its fulfillment; travel (particularly foreign travel); independence; (success of children).

Job Trends

News magazines undertake surveys and predictions of the hot job trends almost annually. Two such reports are summarized here.

Hot Jobs

The India Today – Millennium Series Vol. 3 – came up with the list of “10 hottest jobs”:

● Tissue Engineers (dealing with man-made skin; artificial cartilage; liver, heart, kidney tissue).

● Gene Programmers (dealing with digital genome maps that will allow technicians to create customized prescriptions; gene therapy; prevention of diseases, including certain cancers).

● ‘Pharmers’ (dealing with therapeutic proteins vaccine-carrying vegetables; drug-laden milk from cows).

● Frankenfood Monitors (dealing with fast-growing fish; freeze-resistant fruits).

● Data Miners (dealing with extraction of useful tidbits from mountains of data, pinpointing behavior patterns for marketers and epidemiologists).

● Hot-line Handymen (providing remote diagnostics to handle home electronics).

● Virtual-reality Actors (allowing these pros to interact with viewers in cyberspace dramas).

● Narrow casters–as compared to Broadcasters (enabling the current broadcasting industry to become increasingly personalized, working with advertisers to create customized contact).

● Turing Testers (enabling computer engineers to measure their efforts to mimic human intelligence, as suggested by Alan Turing).

● Knowledge Engineers (who are essentially AI brokers who will translate your expertise into software – and then downsize you!).

It is interesting to note that the first four relate to Biotechnology, while the rest relate to IT.

The same report also predicted that in the long run the following jobs will disappear:

● Stockbrokers, Auto Dealers, Mail Carriers, and Insurance and Real Estate Agents: The Internet will eradicate middleman by the millions.

The Hot Job Tracks Report of 2001 was based on The Week – TN Sofres Mode Feedback Survey on “Emerging Career Options 2001”. In this Survey, over 70 emerging career tracks were identified.

Some of the conclusions arrived at are:

● New technology is significan-tly affecting our lives.

● There is life beyond IT; and beyond traditional main-stream careers.

● For a creative, hardworking, enthusiastic person, the world is the oyster today.

The Survey identified the following 12 ‘hot job tracks’:

Design: with a scope encompas-sing: strategic corporate identity design; graphics; textiles; fashion design; industrial design; packaging; signage; environment design; media – print: film; internet and other digital interfaces; animation; web design; jewellery design.

Entertainment: animation; cable, satellite; film; FM radio; music; event management. Insurance: both life, and non-life insurance, with the scope including: marketing/sales executives; surveyor, loss assessor.

Healthcare: counseling (stress management, fitness); manager – hospital administration.

Infotech: career options in: network programming; installation management; internet applications; e-commerce; web security; IT-enabled services; CRM; data digitization; GIS; DSP; IT marketing; Technical writing.

Direct Sales – Consumer goods

Law: Modern law grads are joining the corporate sector as legal executives or legal officers, after specializing in corporate and international law.

Leisure: Customer Relations Executive: Travel and Tour Executive; Marketing Executives.

Media: Print, TV, online sources, with career options as: Online Editor, Content Specialist, Web executive; TV journalists.

Public Relations: Public Relations Officer/Guest Relations Officer; PR Executive.

Market Research: Marketing Executive; Research Executive.

Telecom: Marketing/Sales/Franchise Executive.

The new generation of employees

In their book: “Managing by Design”, R. Glaser and C. Glaser in the following characteristics of the ‘New Value of Employees’:

● Better educated, more sophisticated.

● More mobile, less loyal.

● Respect authority and establishing, time-honoured institutions and traditions.

● Choose a balanced life: allot equal time to work, leisure and family (personal relationships).

● Except psychic + monetary rewards from job.

● Assume entitlement to a middle-class life-style and above.

● Seek more open, authentic relationships at work.

● Insist on personal uniqueness.

● Want meaningful, relevant work.

● Strongly desire participation in the decision-making process.

● Understand and will pursue legal rights.

● Prefer not to defer gratification of personal needs.

● Are more autonomous, less dependent.

Job and Career Opportunities for Women

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world, says the proverb. But over the last couple of decades, that hand has stretched beyond the cradle to reach out and grab the world. More and more women have not only stepped out of their cradle-rocking roles to slip into the world of work, but have silently made sizeable inroads into the traditional male bastion.

Economic liberalization and the new freedom mantra has thrown open a new world of market opportunities for women. There is virtually no field of enterprise that women cannot enter, and fewer restrictions and pressures. Today like never before women in India can do any job they set their minds to.