MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

2010-08-09T02:44:00.000-07:00

•MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

It is the process of setting objectives and coordinating the efforts of personnel in order to attain them.

•Creating an internal environment
•Individuals working together in groups
•Perform efficiently and effectively
•Attainment of group goals
•Management is goal oriented

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

OUTCOME

EFFECTIVENESS

EFFICIENCY

Process of Management

•Study of Internal and External aspects.

•Foresee the Future.

•Problem definition – Setting Goals, Objectives.

•Generate Alternatives. – Choose the best.

•Resource Mobilisation

•Define Tasks, Allot resources.

•Development and Motivation of men

•Monitor, Control, Evaluate.

Levels of Management:

The term “Levels of Management’ refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The number of levels in management increases when the size of the business and work force increases and vice versa. The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any managerial position. The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories: -

Top level / Administrative level
Middle level / Executory
Low level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers

Managers at all these levels perform different functions. The role of managers at all the three levels is discussed below:

Top Level of Management

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.

The role of the top management can be summarized as follows –

Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.
It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.
It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
It provides guidance and direction.
The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.

Middle Level of Management

The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role can be emphasized as –

They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.
They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
They participate in employment & training of lower level management.
They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.
They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.
It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.
They evaluate performance of junior managers.
They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.

Lower Level of Management

Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management. Their activities include –

Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.
They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.
They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.
They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers.
They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
They are responsible for providing training to the workers.
They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.
They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.
They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
They motivate workers.
They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.

Hospital and Hospital Management

2010-08-09T00:48:00.000-07:00

"Hospital And Hospital Management"

Hospital: a health facility where patients receive treatment.

or

An institution that provides medical, surgical, or psychiatric care and treatment for the sick or the injured.

Hospital Management:

The creation and maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals, working together in groups, can perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group/ organisation goals.

(Koontz and O’Donnell)

INTRODUCTION

2010-08-08T11:17:00.000-07:00

Health care is the world’s largest industry. As such, India has to be prepared to meet the health care challenges of the new millennium.Many modern disciplines have a long history but a short past. Health care management is one such discipline. Decades ago, the total body of literature on hospital administration was managed by a single doctor. Today, it is well recognised that the system requires a multi-pronged approach and total professionalisation to achieve quality and cost-effectiveness.

A quiet revolution is taking place in hospital administration in India. Private sector participation in health care is on the increase because entrepreneurs and technocrats see immense opportunity for earning in this sector. There is enough evidence to show that there is a willingness to pay for the services out of one’s own savings or through organisational perquisites. It is no more the era of charity, either by a social organisation, or the government. This has earning potential, and there is a felt need to maximise the use of resources to build surplus to support the needy. The changing scenario of increasing demand, a variety of means to support the rendering of quality health care, and an entrepreneurial spirit, have given a boom to the health care industry in India.

Rx Hospital Management

MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

Hospital and Hospital Management

INTRODUCTION