SABKUCH YHAN

history and development of computers

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MENT Computer - Computer history is 300 years old , while in China a calculation device (Calculation device) led to the invention of the abacus . It is a mechanical device (mechanical device) , which even today in China, Japan , including many countries in Asia are being used to calculate the points . Abacus (abacus) is a frame of wires . Pieces of these wires (bead) Piroa live . Initially the dealer Abacus were used for calculations . Currently the abacus teach children to count or add Dtav etc. are used for calculations .
After centuries many other mechanical machines were developed to calculate the points mathematician Blaise Pascal in France in the 17 century (Baize Pascal) a mechanical digital calculating machine (Mechanical Digital Calculator) was developed in 1645 year . The machine Ending Machine (Adding Machine) used to say , because it could only add or subtract . This machine was working on the principle of the clock and odometer .Lebanese philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm von year and in 1694 the German mathematician ( 1646-1716 ) , which was designed to develop the Pasklain ' Rekning machine (Reckoning Machine)' or ' Lebanese cycles (Leibnitz Wheel)' is called . Among the rest of the machine digit addition and multiplication and division was involved in the action .In 1801 the French weaver Joseph Jacquard (Joseph Jacquard) of the fabric weaving loom (Loom) invented the clothes would automatically design or pattern .Kputr an early time in the history of the 19th century is considered the golden age . Charles Babbage in 1822 to build a machine whose cost is borne by the British government . The name of the machine Difference Engine (Difference Engine) was placed in the machine and gear were soft . It was moving from steam .Bavej contributed greatly to the development of the computer . Bavej the Analytical Engine, formed the basis of modern computer and that's why the computer science called the Father of Charles Bavej ha .Computer in 1890 a significant event in the history of the U.S. Census . It took 7 years prior to 1890 Census . To carry out the task in less time, Herman Hollerith census year between 1869-1926 which created a machine Panckardon (Punch card) was powered by electricity . With the help of the machine Census was conducted in only three years . In 1924 the company name ' recording company tabulating the computer 's place became international Business Machine , the world's leading companies in manufacturing today is one of the computer .In 1940 Electro-Mechanical Computing (Electrometrical Computing) peak was reached . IBM's four top engineers and Dr. Howard Aiken developed a machine in 1944 and placed official Name-Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator . In the name of the machine 'B' placed . The world 's first electro - mechanical computer (Electrometrical Computer) wasAttanasof in 1945 and named defendant Clifford Berry develop the ABC was an electronic machine . ABC 's full name is briefly Attanasof Berry Computer .During the year 1945-46, John Williams and JP Mucli The first common feature in the development of the computer Eckert at the University of Pensilvania , whose name was Eniac-Electronic Numeric Integer And Computer .

What is a computer? Difference between computer and human

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computer- computer - an electronic device , which received the information (information) to the instructions (Command) the Bisleshic (Analyze) is true and reliable results at the present time is extremely short . The origin of the word computer compute is derived from the word meaning to count or calculate . So , usually a computer device (computing device) is known as .

Difference between computer and human - Yew difference in people 's own reasoning power and memory in the computer is . Then over time the memory of man - that is with the alters , but the computer's memory remains intact , as it was before . Computer is not his wisdom and discretion . So computer user the program control instructions followed by the understanding and the user gives the correct result .

Fundamental uses of Computer

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Description: the following fundamental experiments on computers-
1. at home and personal tasks (Computer in Household and Personal Use.)

(A) in the kitchen (In kitchen)-electronic processor and memory's kitchen on yantron, such as micro-oven, refrigerator, cooker, etc use indaktasakshan hata.
(B) computerized car (Computerized Car)-modern cars are powered by all control computer as car owner's voice opens up the door pahchankar, warn, a fair amount of speed petrol nitrate, providing road and city maps (GPS System), etc.
(C) computerized real estate (Computerized Home) nowadays houses the computer by nutrition. Welcome to the guests and identify computerized homes, garden work, human work to water-hinge to see the activities of closed circuit cameras, home security etc computer by nutrition. Homes starting at accident or theft alarms clang.
(D) personal robot servant (Personal Robot Servants) - it can be made to individual tasks is also the servant. Robot powered by a "yantrik human computer" (Robot). The work of cleaning, the robot in the object from one place to another pahuchana, mannoranjan etc.

2. education computer (Computer in Education.)
(A) computer learning (Learning about Computer)-many of the themes the computer nowadays as impharmenshan computer science, computer systems, computer engineering, computer languages (Language), Internet and e-commerce, Application Software, etc. are studied. This is a very important computer applications.

(B) as a computer teacher-computer software of CAI (Computer Assisted Instructions) as a computer teacher. Computer Education DVD binduo any topic we use film as a study.
(C) the problem-solution (Problem Solving) to simplify the difficult problems in computer studies. Computer a to fix the problem, many individuals are increasingly using tarko which solved the problem quickly g.

3. entertainment computer (Computer in Entertainment)
The invention of the computer today is boon to the world of entertainment.
(A) Sports (Games)-boddhik capacity kamapyutar in entertainment and enjoy the games.
(B) movies (Movies)-chalchitro (cinema) film industry computer several photographic Effect, induce Action Effect Effect, Music, etc. Computer multimedia tech from the comfort of fantasy scenes lively (Real) required. Such as Jurassic Park, Godzilla, Star War -, Terminator, Robot, etc. Nowadays computer build katurns through film.
(C) music (Music)-musician (Musicians) is a computer that Electronic Synthesizer. It does Record sound and loads in memory the old tunes. Computer with the help of the various instruments were formulated from synthetic way.
(D) art (Arts)-computer by various shapes, sizes and colors we etc can give. Drawing as many software programs that work are available in the computer.

4. information technology (Information Technology)
(A) network (internet) network is the international network of computers. Are connected to the Internet worldwide computer network and we got home from your computer can find the desired information. Political, sports, movies, music, health, medical, knowledge-science, culture etc. almost all topics on diverse content available on the Internet.
(B) e-business (E-Business)-computer action electronic method, so the modern business that is supported by computer and Internet ' e-business ' or ' electronic business '. It comes under a topic e-commerce business.

5. clinical testing computer (Computer in Medical Treatment.)
Computer to make us healthy and healthy have strived tirelessly. Computers in the medical field have contributed this section discusses.
(A) computer-assisted designs (Computer Assisted Diagnosis) - this is a feature in which hardware or software, to assist in testing of patients to physicians. The patient is input into the computer of the symptoms and signs of the patient than software so far in the last patients of computer symptoms and diseases and disease detection.
(B) computed tomography (Computer Tomography) - this is a feature that contains CAT Scanning won. In the X-Ray beam, the internal organs of hardware and software to meet the patient's Three Dimensional images represent. Diseases of the patient from this picture more physician chastity can check out.
(C) kampyutraijd life spotter system (Computerized Life-Support System)-this system has serious stage the patient is constantly examined and treated and the patient's hadyagti, changes in temperature and blood pressure are reported from alarm Deathly. It is powered by the computer system.

Computer system Characteristics Capabilities and limitations

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Now a days computer almost every region. For this reason it has the following capabilities:-

(A) speed (Speed)-computer can any job much faster. In a few moments by computer-parts or mulls millions of actions. If you want to multiply 440 X 56, this has ranged from approximately 1 to 2 minutes apkon may take time. That task to the pocket calculator than can be done in approximately 5 sundeck. But if in a modern computer program has been in a few saikandon the 30 million operations concluded.

(B) automation (Automation)-computer work, the program has been automatically loaded once. Udarhan a data operator working on own entre program report preparation is not required, but the computer reports based on data you enter yourself.

(C) accuracy (Accuracy)-computer work without fault. Computer by mistake to come before, but many examples of all these mistakes when entering data into the computer is faulty, or program development time. Computer does not ever mistake themselves.

(D) the universality (Versatility)-due to the properties of my computer universality drastically all over the world umbrella. Computer mathematical works concluded in addition to can be used for commercial purposes. Adding a printer into the computer printing job. From computer to telephone line all over the world can be exchanged on the instructions. With the help of computer-games (Games) can be played.

(E) high storage capacity (High Storage Capacity)-a computer system's data storage capacity too. Computer recall very little space, while in dollars-store can keep by. All types of data, images, programs, games and can store several years by voice. We never notice it can get in a few seconds and can use.

(F) karim (Diligence) to do a task continued from living human few to resign until exhausted. Vice versa resign, a task the computer continued many days and months the ability to. Despite his ability to act is not a reduction. Computer for any given task, without any discrimination, whether it be tasteful or ad nauseum by work.

The limitations of the computer

(A) lack of intelligence (Lack of Intelligence)-computer is a machine. User instructions by computer. Computer in any case no more than directions and neither at commands.

(B) lack of common sense (Lack of Common Scene)-computer like a servant. Like it you buy vegetable market and says, go out. It will be the market directions and vegetable even kharidega but never come back to the House with a vegetable. Here the question arises why. This simple little answer is that you must buy the recipe said but not bringing her home. This means that computers and not the general perception.

Generations of Computers

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In 1946 the first electronic Vacuum Tube introduced by akon computer containing divais computer growth of a base. Computer development in this order with the help of computer devices, many important journey so far. The main computer in the order in which we develop transformation following a five generations are:-
Vacuum Tube

(A) first generation (First Generation)-muchli eckert in 1946 and the year of manufacture (ENIAC) computer, akin to the first generation of the computer start. This generation was used in Vacuum Tube computers whose invention in 1904. ENIAC's in this generation that has built several other computers whose name evoked, univac, and asked, univac-1.
Following are the major characteristics of the first generation of computers:-
(1) using Vacuum Tube.
(2) based on panchakard.
(3) using Magnetic Drum for Storage.
(4) very fragile and less trusted.
(5) use a lot of Air Condenser.
(6) Machine Language and Assembly Language in programming.

The Univac 1 Computer

ENIAC

(B) second generation (Second Generation)-computers in the beginnings of the second generation computers use transistors to be. William Shockley, invented the transistor in 1947. In the second generation computers use Vacuum Tube was in place. The use of computers to Vacuum Tube transistor relatively greater speed and vishwanath.

IBM 1401

The second generation of computers has the following main characteristics:-(1) Vacuum Tube instead of terrorists.
(2) relatively small and less consumption of energy.
(3) fast and reliable.
(4) first generation than less expensive.
(5) development of programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN high level.
(6) Storage Device, Printer and Operating System use.

Transistor

(C) third generation (Third Generation)-beginning of the third generation of computers in 1964. This generation has computers I.C. (Integrated Circuit). Integrated Circuit invented by a company engineer Jack Texas instument Kelby. ICL 2903 in this generation computers, ICL 1900, UNIAC 1108 key.

Integrated Circuit

Following are the major symptoms of financial generation computers:-
(1) using Integrated Circuit.
(2) first and second generation of size and weight extremely low.
(3) connect.
(4) portable and easy maintenance.
(5) high level languages are extensively used.

(D) fourth generation (Forth Generation) in 1971 up to 2000 computers from the fourth generation computers are placed in the category. In this generation Integrated Circuit has been developed more. That Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit. Mits ALTAIR 8800, the first company called computer that created the macro. Bill Gates on the same computer, Basic Language installed. After this successful effort by microsoft company Bill Gates founded the largest software company in the world. Apple Computer and Macintosh the same generations of Mac OS in the market.
Fourth-generation computers has the following main characteristics:-
Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit technology (1) were used.
(2) in size quite small.
(3) within the ordinary man's ability to purchase.
(4) use computers more powerful, trusted and dynamic.

(5) more memory capacity.

(6) development of a network of computers.

Bill Gates

ALTAIR 8800

(E) v generation (Fifth Generation) present in the fifth generation of the powerful-computers & high covers computers. This generation computers computer scientist artificial buddimta (Artificial intelligence) try to include. Today's computer is so powerful that every field such as Accounting, Engineering, Medical, Building Structure, Space, And are being used in Education etc. Intel Corporation today for new generation of computers-new processors are going to be invented so that the first computer than today's computers have become very fast and powerful. Intel Corporation's new Dual Core Pentium processor Series, named, Core i3-i5-i7, titanium etc. This generation has invented a new-new in getting such as Mobile, Tablet, Smart phone, Laptop, and Touch Device, etc. Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit, such as the new Integrated Circuit Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit developed form of Ultra.
Following are the major symptoms of v generation computers:-
(1) in this generation whether the computer need size, structure and the ability to define. Various models such as Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop computers, etc.
(2) network-this is an international computer network. World-bhar computer networks attached to the Internet and thus we sat, from home-your health, medicine, science, art and culture and so on almost all topics can get Internet on diverse contents.
(3) multimedia in music, movies, television, etc lot of computers used in the field.

TYPES OF COMPUTER 2

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Depending on the task or purpose of using computer individually is divided into Prkron . By ability in each area individually computers are used . Some computer powerful , larger, more speed , or can be long -lasting . Computers can be divided into three parts : the -( 1 ) Working (mechanism)( 2 ) objective (purpose)( 3 ) size (size)

A) the system functions depending on the type of computers
       (Type of Computer based on Mechanism)( 1 ) Analog Computer (Analog Computer) - Analog computers are computers that have the physical quantities , such as pressure , temperature , length , etc. measured in numbers to express their perimeter . The computer is an amount based on the perimeter . Analog computers used mainly in the fields of science and engineering are exposed to high doses used in these areas .( 2 ) Digital computer (Digital Computer) - the digital computer is the computer calculates the points . Use the computer to create a home budget , write , draw , listen to music , view photos and video , playing games , etc. is . Digital computer binary digits ( 0-1 ) is based on . The computer is able to calculate with 100 % accuracy . Digital Computer Data and Program Change 0 and 1, and brings in electronic form .( 3 ) Hybrid Computer (Hybrid Computer) - Hybrid means - both analog and digital - Fraternal (features) is to be . Ie computer analog computer and the digital computer , both of which are characterized , Hybrid Computer is called . Like - Computer- analog device to a patient's symptoms , ie temperature , pressure etc. measures . These dimensions are converted to points by Digital is later . Thus came into patient health fluctuation can be treated immediately .
( B ) the types of computers based on objective
    (Type of Computers based on Purpose)( 1 ) General Purpose Computer (General Purpose Computer) - General Purpose Computer is a computer that has the ability to work with multiple types but these letters and documents to Word Processing , print documents , databases such as common tasks is performed . As well as to Mnnornjan - watch movies , listen to songs , play games, etc. are used to drive the net . Often school , home or in the office are used . User or task according to your budget can afford . In general, the specific computer in the future can be changed by changing the method assembled .( 2 ) Specific Purpose Computer (Special Purpose Computer) - special purpose computer is a computer that is designed for a particular task . The ability of the CPU is in line with that task . High Configuration Computer same category as the personal Computer, mini- computers , super computers etc. are covered . Its main functions such as - Audio Mixing, Video Editing, Space Control, Medical, etc. are conducted . The computer Mahngen are the common PC . Are controlled by a specific user is in control .
( C ) types of computers based on size
        (Type of Computer based on size)(A ) Micro Computer (Micro Computer) - The computer on a desk or can be placed in a Brifekes . These small computers are called micro computer . Micro Computer price is cheap, smaller in size , these computers for personal use in any jurisdiction outside the home or can be fitted . So her personal computer the PC Is also known . Micro Computer three types are: -
( 1 ) Desktop Computers (Desktop Computer) - Personal computers is the most -used desktop computer . It is a computer that is placed on a table . user can operate the computer sitting on your chair . Desktop computer isolated as it is made up of Parts - Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard, Processor, Cabinet, Speaker, RAM, Motherboard etc. . It is cheaper than laptops , but it is difficult to move from one place to another place or can not be taken immediately . Names of companies that make desktop computer - HCL, IBM, Wipro, LG, Compaq, Dell, HP etc. is .( 2 ) Laptop Computer (Laptop Computer) - It 's also operate a personal computer accessories . Parts The parts of the desktop computer , but its size is smaller than the Miltejulte . Was used in laptop batteries for power Supply . Have to keep charging it . Fruit after charging at least three or four hours running. It is lighter than the desktop computer and can take from one place to another easily . Meaning Laptop - Computer Gondi with the keeper . Technological development and fast moving laptops have become almost desktop computer is powerful stuff . According to their ability to 15000-12,0000 laptop is its price . Users can purchase according to your budget . Laptop computer companies that make name -HCL, IBM-Lenovo, Acer, Sony, LG, Compaq, Dell, HP etc. is .( 3 ) mobile phone and computer (PDA) - the other computer is much smaller than its size is equal to the palm . There are two types of mobile phones - and a touch pad with a phone call . To a person 's mobile phone is a personal device . Its main features such as - Calling, Message, Players, Calculator , such as are found . Due to technological advances , which currently consists of phone fiery processor can run an application software easily . Because of the inbuilt graphics easily 3 - D Gems can play . In addition to phones , listen to music , watch videos , photos Kicna etc. Work can be done . Mobile phone maker has plenty .( 4 ) Tablet PC (Tablet Computer) - is by far the Latest Device . Its size is akin to a slate bar is equipped with a touch screen in her hands Cukr it can be carried easily . It also features a plethora of mobile accessories are found . Especially in the net to play the movie and see photos , etc. can be done typing . Type separately to the board - can be tracked .

History of Computers

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कम्प्यूटर एक इलेक्ट्रोनिक उपकरण है जो डेटा लेता है उसे प्रोसेस करता है तथा एक अर्थयुक्त परिणाम हमें देता है. कम्प्यूटर अपनी उच्च संग्रह क्षमता, गति, स्वचालन, सक्षमता, शुद्धता, सार्वभोमिकता, विश्वसनीयता, याद रखने की शक्ति के कारण हमारे जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण होता जा रहा है.

कम्प्यूटर में एक बार डेटा इनपुट करने के पश्चात उन्हें प्रोग्राम में दिये गये निर्देशों के द्वारा अलग अलग प्रकार के कार्यों के लिये अलग अलग परिणाम प्राप्त किया जा सकता है.

कम्प्यूटर द्वारा अधिक सूक्ष्म समय में अधिक तीव्र गति से गणनाएं की जा सकती है

कम्प्यूटर द्वारा दिये गये परिणाम अधिक शुद्ध होते है.

निष्कर्षत: कम्प्यूटर मुख्य कार्य करता है-

* इनपुट उपकरणों द्वारा डेटा लेना

* डेटा को मेमोरी में स्थानतरित करना

* डेटा को प्राप्त कर निर्देशों के द्वारा गणनाएं (Processing) करना.

* डेटा का विश्लेषण करना

* अंत में परिणामों को आउटपुट उपकरणों पर भेजना

कम्प्यूटर की पीढ़िया (Computer Generations)

वेज्ञानिकों ने कम्प्यूटर के इलेक्ट्रोनिक उपकरणों के आधार पर कम्प्यूटर जनरेशन को पांच भागों में बांटा है.

कम्प्यूटर की पहली पीढ़ी (First Generation Of Computer)

इस जनरेशन के कम्प्यूटर्स में डायोड वाल्व वैक्यूम ट्यूब का प्रयोग किया गया. इसमें दो इलैक्ट्रोड्स-कैथोड एवं एनोड होते थे, इसलिये इसे डायोड कहा गया.वाल्व होने के कारण इसे इलेक्ट्रोनिक स्वीच की भांति प्रयोग किया गया.

प्रथम इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्यूटर (ENIAC) प्रथम पीढ़ी का कम्प्यूटर है. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) सबसे पहला संग्रहित प्रोग्राम कम्प्यूटर था. UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) सबसे पहला ऐसा इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्प्यूटर था जिसे व्यापारिक अनुप्रयोगों के लिए तैयार किया गया था.

पहली पीढी के गुण

इस जनरेशन में प्रोग्रामिंग मशीन और असेम्बली भाषा (Programming in Machine and Assembly Language) में की जाती थी, मशीन लेंग्वेज केवल 0 और 1 पर आधारित होती हैं. कम्प्यूटर के समझने योग्य भाषा जिसमें प्रोग्राम लिखा जाय कम्प्यूटर प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा कहलाती है.

इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर में वैक्यूम ट्यूब का उपयोग किया गया था. ये लगातार विद्दूत के संवहन से गरम होने के कारण जल्दी खराब हो जाते थे. अत: वातानुकूलित इकाई में रखना जरुरी होता था. वैक्यूम ट्यूब आकार में बड़ी होती थी अत: इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर के आकार भी बड़े होते थे.

इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर में इन्टरनल मेमोरी के रुप में मेग्नेटिक ड्रम का उपयोग किया जाता था.

प्रथम पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर का कार्य सीमित होता था.

कम्प्यूटर की दूसरी पीढ़ी

द्वितीय पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटरों में मुख्य तार्किक उपकरण वैक्यूम ट्यूब के स्थान पर ट्राजिस्टर(Transistor) का उपयोग किया गया. ट्राजिस्टर का कार्य वैक्यूम ट्यूब के समान था लेकिन इसकी कार्य करने की गति अधिक थी तथा यह आकार में छोटा व अधिक विश्वसनीय था. ट्राजिस्टर वैक्यूम ट्यूब के स्थान पर कम गरम होता था तथा विद्दुत की खपत भी कम होती थी.

दूसरी पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर के गुण

मेमोरी के लिए मेग्नेटिक ड्रम के स्थान पर मेग्नेटिक कोर का प्रयोग हुआ.

Secondary Storage संग्रह के लिये पंचकार्ड के अलावा मेग्नेटिक टेप और डिस्क का प्रयोग हुआ.

इस पीढ़ी में हाई लेवल लेंग्वेज (High Level Language) का आविष्कार हुआ जैसे FORTRAN, COBOL आदि. इस भाषा में सामान्य अंग्रेजी के अक्षरों का प्रयोग किया गया जो मशीनी भाषा में प्रोग्रामिंग करने के स्थान पर काफी सरल होते थे.

ये प्रथम पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर से आकार में छोटे थे और संग्रह क्षमता और गति भी काफी अधिक थी.

कम्प्यूटर की तीसरी पीढ़ी (Third Generation Of Computer)

इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर में इलेक्ट्रानिक उपकरण के रुप में ट्रांजिस्टर के स्थान पर आई सी (Integrated Circuit) I.C. का उपयोग किया गया. एक IC में ट्राजिस्टर, रेजिस्टर कैपेसिटर तीनों ही समाहित हो गए. जिससे कम्प्यूटर का आकार अत्यंत छोटा होता गया.

तीसरी पीढ़ी के गुण

इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर में ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का प्रयोग किया जाने लगा, जिसके कारण कम्प्यूटर के आंतरिक कार्य स्वचालित हो गये.

हाई लेवल लेंग्वेज में नई भाषाओं का विकास हुआ जैसे BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code).

मिनी कम्प्यूटर का विकास हुआ जो आकार में काफी छोटे थे.

Document बनाना तथा उन्हें प्रोसेस करना प्रारंभ हुआ.

कम्प्यूटर की चौथी पीढ़ी (Fourth Generation Of Computer)

इस पीढ़ी में लार्ज स्केल आई.सी. (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) बनाना सम्भव हुआ. एक छोटे से चिप में लाखों ट्राजिस्टर समा गये. इस चिप को माइक्रोप्रोसेसर नाम दिया गया. माइक्रोप्रोसेसर युक्त कम्प्यूटर को माइक्रो कम्प्यूटर कहा जाने लगा. सबसे पहला माइक्रोकम्प्यूटर MITS नामक कम्पनी ने बनाया.

चौथी पीढ़ी के गुण

माइक्रो कम्प्यूटर के आकार को छोटे से छोटा करना, गति तेज और कम्प्यूटर सस्ते करना.

कोर मेमोरी के स्थान पर अर्धचालक या सेमीकंडक्टर पदार्थ की मेमोरी का उपयोग हुआ. जो आकार में छोटी और गति में तेज होती थी.

नये -नये साफ्टवेयर का निर्माण हुआ. जैसे स्प्रेडशीट, एप्लीकेशन्स, डेटाबेस का कार्य करने के लिये सरल साफ्टवेयर तैयार किये गये.

पांचवी पीढी (Fifth Generation of computer)

इस पीढ़ी के कम्प्यूटर में स्वयं सोचने की क्षमता पैदा की जा रही है. कम्प्यूटर को हर क्षेत्र में कार्य करने योग्य बनाया जा रहा है.

इस पीढ़ी में सूचनाओं के आदान प्रदान के लिए कम्प्यूटर्स को जोड़कर नेटवर्क बनाया गया. जिसे इंटरनेट नाम दिया गया. दुनिया भर के कम्प्यूटर इंटरनेट से जुड़े है.

माइक्रोकम्प्यूटर का आकार दिन प्रतिदिन छोटा होता जा रहा है. आज घड़ी के आकार का कम्प्यूटर भी बाजार में उपलब्ध है. कम्प्यूटर को आकार के कारण डेस्क टॉप, लैप टॉप, पाम टॉप नाम दिया गया.

मल्टीमीडिया का विकास इसी पीढ़ी में हुआ. जिसमें ध्वनि (Sound), चित्र (Graphics), टेक्स्ट (Text) तथा एनिमेशन आदि सम्मिलित है.

TYPES OF COMPUTER 1

2014-03-24T02:00:00.000+05:30

Based on the size we can offer the following categories - computers

(A) the smallest computer systems computer à. micro-system micro-computer. Peripherals area in kampyutro Terminal, phlopi disk and relatively low-speed printer. Micro computer used by small businesses. Use them individually due to them is also called a personal computer type is still the most in vogue all micro computer CPU part one is on the main circuit board that is the motherboard. The major part of it is the microprocessor. A microprocessor with different sarkito also try some memory space is called a register.

(B) a high-powered micro-computer workstation computer workstation. à. What was envisaged for technical or scientific applications. These are mainly used by one person at a time to go. Are used in banks, railways, airlines, aviation reservation site, is done at places like government offices |

(C) these computer mainframe computer à kampyutro. mini short data processing actions that way, but relatively low magnitude or only. Mini kampyutro prices relatively low. Their efficiency at the micro-computer and mainframe.

(D) even large mainframe computer system mainframe computer. à. Large input\/output more diversity with kampyutro tools are concerned. A mainframe computer with more than a thousand can add remote work stations. These kampyutro that MIPS (MILLION INSTRUCTIONS PER SECOND) speed is measured in. They use large commercial companies banks and universities etc. The main supplier of i.b.m. mainframe kampyutro, Honeywell, baros, n c r, CDs and Sperry, etc.

(E) a supercomputer super computer à are more than one CPU in the parallel work. their work pace didn't (FLOPS, FLOATING POINT INSTRUCTIONS PER SECOND) is measured. Art can be a kampyutro that thy didnt. first Super computer built by BURROUGHS. Super computer CRAY, NEC CDS and other suppliers, etc. Supercomputers using higher-count-based tasks. example-weather forecast, climate research (global research also includes associated with ushnata), molecule modeling (chemical compounds, organic molecules, palimron and crystals properties and mega structures of computing) uses its military and scientific agencies, etc..

2. depending on the application of computers

There are many applications in which computers though. three applications are based on three types of computers:

(A) analog computer not work which coins they à computer. Operate directly on data physically available. Physically available data we mean that we have the various physical units digits short, straight into the computer input. Physical quantities, such as: temperature, pressure, speed, voltage, resistance, etc. do not count the measures because they can change that steadily the value none; here the temperature digits as input by not spreading mercury input of tapmapi. more documents for specific applications of this type of computer. Continuous processing these data.

(B) digital computer works on the computer which digits à. These may be the same as the input points. This computer is suitable for multiple solutions to problems and therefore very popular too. Its various applications in business, banking, education, entertainment, etc.

(C) hybrid analog and digital computer which computer the computer - they both properties, is called a hybrid computer. For example input data analog form that gives the output by the computer resources in digital form. For example, a patient's blood pressure, heartbeat, etc to measure analog device into the computer and be the first to invest in digital form is changed and the result is displayed on the screen to move, in digital form.

3. types of computers based on objective

Computer can install two objectives we - General and specific, based on the computer object are the following two types:
(A) General-uddeshiya computer built documents for ordinary problems solution kampyutro à general-purpose computer. These salaries, in preparation for use in reservation and acquaints.

(B) special-purpose computer that a particular computer uddeshiya à they that are created by the target achievement. They are used for the purpose to move a building and not for all purposes. Space science, meteorology, medicine, is used in nuclear trivia etc.

How to Transfer balance from a mobile to another mobile

2014-03-22T02:30:00.000+05:30

AirtelDial * 141 # number from your Airtel mobile phone and follow the instructions .AircelAircel at Rs 10 , Rs 20 , Rs 50 to Rs 100, you can transfer the amount . Balance transfer from your Aircel phone , dial * 122 * 666 # .

BSNLGIFT < the amount > Type the number that is sent to the mobile number and send it to 53 733Example : GIFT 50 cents to BSNL and 9,988,776,655 Number 53 733
IDEAWrite to balance transfer from idea to idea : SMS mobile number and the amount and then send it to 55 567 .Example : If you enter 50 to Rs 9,988,776,655 send SMS GIVE 9988776655 50 and send it to 55 567
RelianceStep 1 : Dial * 367 * 3 #Step 2 : Next, enter * 312 * 3 # and mobile numberStep 3 : Next, you have to send him as much as the amount , typeStep 4: Enter the default PIN , please write 1
UninorUninor to Uninor balance transfer from * to * 202 * mobile number # write the amount to st .Example : 9988776655 balance transfer for 20 rupees * 20 # Dial * 202 * 9,988,776,655
VodafoneVodafone to Vodafone balance transfer in the amount , type * 131 * mobile number * #Example : Rs 9,988,776,655 number 50 * 131 * 50 * 9,988,776,655 mailed then enter #

How to change your password in Windows 8 ?

2014-03-20T04:00:00.000+05:30

But Windows 8 will have to adopt steps to change the password to something different . First to change your Passward window 8 .
First StepFrom which you click on the Settings option .

The second stepAfter setting the option under Settings , click Change PC .
Third StepAfter the user PC settings , select Change Settings option .
The fourth stepClicking in the user account setting several options in front of you will open .
Fifth StepChange your password and click on the option .
Sixth stepBefore entering the old password , your new password will be open to putting two boxes with the beans need to enter the password in the password hint will have to pay twice .

Your mobile hung ?

2014-03-18T02:30:00.000+05:30

So we Try some tape below that will help you hang the mobile, you can use the simple way

1 First switch off your phone is switched off if they try to save the data to your phone, it will be safe.

2 Switch off the phone after 2 Open the back panel and take out the battery from it. No need to remove the SIM and memory card.

3 after removing the battery once again call the power button in
for 5 to 10 seconds, it switches off to save battery power in the phone will be lost.

4 place the battery into the phone again and now back with her on the cover.

5 Once again he will not hang up the phone on. You should empty your phone's internal memory bit because occasionally the phone's internal memory is full, even when the handset seems to hang.

How to clear the browser files of your PC

2014-03-16T02:30:00.000+05:30

Whenever you are surfing the Internet a copy of the file is saved in your PC if you notice once you open any site whenever the site would in early term URL bar you will come to the site URL automatic.

For example if you have Facebook open your PC once you type in the URL bar as soon as f a Facebook link to your friends, but you will come down ton if sometimes a long time browser kaichi file so are a lot of sites that seem to kamphyuj.
Or if you have any other PC or laptop Internet derived are you you don't want to open that site know it takes him about kaichi file delete.
Kaichi file delete first to go to the phayraphak menu in the right side you will directly hand IE. menu after you click the arrow below and choose the share tree persist connection
You may want to hold down CTRL SHIFT b direct the Hindi tree Panel can now open you will be able to open a new Panel as you see in the above screen shot bear. Panel on clc and persist connections of kaichi memory clear clear the persist connection select naon noon click persist connection your PC save file will be delete all kaichi

Mobile Internet or USB modems before taking note

2014-03-14T02:30:00.000+05:30

Friends , if you are thinking of taking the mobile Internet or USB internet connection , you must know some things , otherwise you will suffer too . Same here i am sharing with you some talks .

These are as follows -1. You should know how many kinds of mobile Internet or USB internet connection -
GSM GPRS (Eg. Airtel, Aircel, Idea, Bsnl etc Mobile GPRS)GSM GPRS with EDGE (Eg. Idea net setter)CDMA 1X (Eg. Reliance CDMA 1X, MTS MBrowse, Tata Photon Whiz)CDMA EVDO (Eg. Reliance NetConnect Broadband Plus, MTS MBlaze, Tata Photon Plus, BSNL EVDO)3G Data Connection (Eg. BSNL 3G data Card)4g ................................................. ..
You should also know what for you are connected to the internet and which of the modems Modems listed above work well, can do it.

Downloads by Rs 49 to 10 Bollywood Movie

2014-03-12T02:00:00.000+05:30

Spl Singapore 's online streaming service provider , has launched a new application that helps Bollywood movie downloads can be 10 to Rs 49 . Users can also watch TV shows than movies . According to the Times of India Spl streaming movies every day is 2,000 ,
according to figures every month at the rate of 39 percent using the Ugron Spl has been increasing in number . Is a collection of around 1,000 films in the Spl . After downloading the application, users can view them online and offline for 72 hours . After the user for a time of 72 hours Bdanen Membership being charged for 72 hours after which the user will get more time .
According to the company will soon launch the application for the iOS platform . In addition to downloading the video to see him working on that .
http://spuul.com/

Are not logged in to Facebook, so what to do?

2014-03-10T03:00:00.000+05:30

Many of them can not log in to your personal account Aksse are not so many of your fan page . There can be many ways Login Problem

1. Caps or email address Password Login button in the keyboard before putting Czech logoff or not they make . If you still can not log into Facebook Official Facebook page also read the information.
https://www.facebook.com/help/418876994823287
2 . The email address is not valid times during Facebook Login with Google Apps email address in the phone tells Anvalid . Go to the Google apps you create a new login and sign into Facebook .

Safe password?

2014-03-08T02:00:00.000+05:30

he easiest way to keep passwords safe keep changing from time to time . But no one believes the hackers so you should always be careful . Often people are not cautious while placing the password sometimes the password is hacked .

Well most sites such as Facebook , Gmail, Twitter , in addition to living in the Privacy Settings option you can set according to your convenience . However, when you set the password of any site we should exercise a little caution . We will give you 5 tips to follow that can keep you safe and your password .
Choose a long password : Your password must be at least 15 words of 15 -character passwords are difficult to hack .
Do not ever name Password : password anytime enter the mobile number , license number , do not use the birthday date because often people use similar passwords .
Do not share your password with anyone : Never share your password and do not have the compulsion to inform you if your password immediately to be replaced.

Android smartphone Voyrs Attack

2014-03-06T04:00:00.000+05:30

As technology is mounting day by day as it is endemic in Voyrs Sukiryon reports about the attack .Voyrs attack was the first in the Window platform .

1 - Open your smartphone to check it in the mail , open any unknown email attachment can be saved because the virus could be anywhere by your phone, all your mail send Infarmeshn .Most phone virus can not attack it in the PC , but you be careful .3 - The phone also download an application from the App Store download . Because this application is created by third party developers . Unknown application to save some kind of virus .4 - Save your phone or Bluetooth Opsn Hidden Andiskvrebl Keep always so crowded around a track in your phone to send a virus .

How to change PDF files normal files?

2014-03-04T01:39:00.000+05:30

Tekt PDF file, you can add graphic images than we have. Many software to convert ordinary file into PDF file is available but occasionally save the data in PDF file format has to change Word and many others. We will tell you about 5 Sofveyron that will help you dock PDF file, Convert Word and many other file format that can change.

1. Acrobat ReaderAcrobat PDF Reader is the most popular software to create PDF file with which you can change in the Tekt file .Click to download Acrobat Readerhttp://get.adobe.com/reader/Nitro PDF
2 . Nitro PDF files to Word, Excel , PowerPoint and JPEG can change . There are also many other features . As PDF files can also be edited . View the slides below to download PDF reader .As PDF files can also be edited . Click ....
http://www.nitropdf.com/
3 . Hello Hello PDF PDF PDF files with just one click you can convert the file Tekt .Hello to Tekt Convert PDF files direct to you .http://hellopdf.com/
4 . Foksit Pantm PDF file PDF Foksit Povrpwait Phantom PDF , MS Word , Excel , RTF , and XML can change .Foksit Phantom can be used free for 30 days then you will have to buy it . Foksit Phantom PDF Click to downloadhttps://www.foxitsoftware.com/
5 . PDF PDF Knrwtr Nans Nans Knrwtr is easy to install , it can be used in OS and Android platform .Click to download PDF Knrwtr Nanshttp://shop.nuance.com/store/nuanceus/DisplayHomePage?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=cj&utm_campaign=cj&PID=7018660

Get a free Yahoo mail, Gmail has like 1 TB, pace

2014-03-02T01:31:00.000+05:30

Yahoo mail in his look changes, not just its design changed the mass that now Yahoo mail, i.e. 1000 GB 1 TB free pace in taking advantage of. Yahoo change the design of your mail Tuesday while the new feature after the new changes introduced. Yahoo mail user to your mail decked with paintings of phlikar background.

Yahoo mail you will be there in your PC change whatever changes you will also look on your mobile. also create and send multiple Yahoo application changes have been made, these changes create and send in the application window, endured and iPhone 4S. can multiple user Yahoo mail theme. This feature of G mail tahr. According to the Yahoo 1 TB of tires is enough for an ordinary user. company In a statement given he told yujron that he ever will be no shortage of yujron to the tire New Yahoo mail

1. Yahoo kampoj mail to your Gmail in a separate panel will open.
2. now compared to before, Yahoo mail preview can be seen more in a better way.
3. after mail-in-readiness may, in addition to many others persist connection, create more better ways to display.
4. design of new mail in Gmail look similar, but compared to Yahoo, Gmail is Gmail giving pace 1 TB 15 GB the pace.
5. new mail already preloaded many the themes given that user corresponds to your liking may set in the background.
6. in the new Yahoo mail attachment preview will give you a little as you can recognize the attachment without downloading.
7. create and send their own Yahoo! application is now user phone number changes, more better ways to download e-mail.
8. but many mail interface on the phone kalraphul that identify the variables that match one more has never been easier.
9. create and send mail in the open mobile application before you can see attachment preview.

What is Unicode?

2014-02-28T04:00:00.000+05:30

Unicode provides a unique number for every character ,Regardless of the platform ,Regardless of the program,No matter what the language .

Computer , basically , numbers belong to . These characters by assigning a number to each letter and character and characters are stored . Before Unicode was invented , hundreds of different encoding systems for assigning these numbers were . No single encoding could contain enough characters : for example , the European Union alone , to cover all its languages requires several different encodings . For languages like English , all the letters , punctuation, and technical symbols in common use was not sufficient for encoding the same .
These encoding systems also conflict . That is, two encodings for two different characters , can use the same number , or may use different numbers for the same character . Any given computer ( especially servers ) needs to support many different encodings ; yet sent data between different encodings or platforms, that data always the risk of being poor .

Window 7 Tips for which you do not know?

2014-02-26T04:00:00.000+05:30

Windows 7 has several feature given that we don't use much of those features. we will show about some similar features today. that help you use Windows 7 and good way.

1 how to rotate the screen
If your Windows PC or laptop screen rotate any angle. use arrow button for the screen with the buttons window rotate right, left, or press the up button to move around your screen even aaron.

2 minimize the screen bigger
Windows 7 keyboard screen display bigger or small to plus and minus can use instead of the window buttons with plus and minus buttons together.

3 background close all running programs at once
If the window background with a lot of programs running and you want to turn them off then press the home button with the window button (Windows key the Home key) will open your full screen.

4 pin to your favorite sites
If you have some sites frequently open day so those sites can your PIN that might reside kabir as Suppose you have an online photo editing site everyday You, you can pin to pin bar will open your browser like you they will be open again on their own i.e. saite you need to go to the site in Google again apen. site PIN to Site that might reside in the mouse right-click in kabir you select persist connection PIN.

8 things that don't ever share in Facebook?

2014-02-24T04:00:00.000+05:30

1. do not share your personal information---
Facebook is a place Pletpharm where we all share their joys and sorrows of each other, but this does not imply that you have to share your personal information in Facebook just because there are no longer your private information private mass that many people have been exposed. even if you share your personal information with a dependable person how to but his profiles are linked While about you. so your personal information do not share in Facebook.

2. do not share about a Plan--
We make a daily plug Plan and her friends also share with ton but some are such a Plan that only we know special people or something, but if you get it Facebook share your Sarah plug Plan Mar. also can be a threat to your safety. for example, if you have your Facebook These are tits updates that I am in the Bank so it could be your security risk.

3. the company-related information--
You are running own company or work in another company, uploaded to Facebook any information associated with the company. that's why companies in the Facebook staff called the company tetas are that pertain to social networking sites are not a wrong note.

4. to whom do not disclose these to create friends---
Friends of the sajes have the ton of people may seem strange to make friends where the sajes. last ton of aklamandi and friends go that if sajeshan are friends, created by how and therefore a share and another by friends in Facebook for sajas.

5. create and send jabrajas send TI application---
Create and send the Facebook application new feature worked even though good but by enough people to dik face kat. create and send multiple Facebook application referenced but jabrajas TI create and send a person to install that application you can be a hassle for them. I am saying this so as my Facebook personal profile barrage by ves blank of application likeshnon Comes is that now make the persist connection I ves block blank. so others might not be so any application with create and send to Facebook not the sajes.

6. my page like taxes---
Some people like to post every page and is used to open it any website you like Facebook and other social network sites persist connection will always remain in front but this does not imply that kill it like you got no sonche jhat. only post and like the site you like and not like everything died.

7. anything you can not stock---
Go to the Facebook settings you can set privacy settings so that if you share any information so that only some people will only show in the United States all people. neither cannot it able to comment and share.

8. password--
Often people have a habit of letting his friends ton password but not to share the password Facebook. because then no longer any personal information private that whether by direct message or chatting if any cognizant of it, they can easily move your chat friends can read the messages all with tree directory listing.

Domain name system (DNS)

2014-02-22T04:00:00.000+05:30

Domain name system (DNS) computers, services, or any linked to the Internet or a private network for processing a sequential naming system. The participants were given to domain names with different information.
The most important thing is that it is meaningful to humans domain names to identify and address these devices all over the world for the purpose of networking devices associated with numerical (bainri) transforms in identification. Domain name system often used to be saying is that the Internet "phone book" as human friendly computer hostname's IP address translates as. For example, www.example.com translates to 208.77.188.166 after. Domain name system is a group of Internet users makes sense makes it possible to specify the domain name in the manner whether users at any location. This is because the World Wide Web (WWW) hyperlinks and Internet contact information remains constant and neutral even if the current Internet routing arrangements change or users using mobile devices. Internet domain names to remember IP address is more than easy to remember such as 208.77.188.166 (IPv4) or 2001: db8: 1f70:: 999: de8: 7648: 6e8 (IPv6). Regardless of the point being made without meaningful URLs and e-mail addresses take advantage of that machine (the server) how to dhundhegi.

To determine the name of the domain and the domain name system names by specifying the IP address of jimmevari to find the authoritative name servers distributed. Authoritative name servers are liable to their specific domains and in return for their subdomain can determine the authoritative name servers. This mechanism has DNS, and to avoid advice and updates error bearing a central register require dismissing lol.

Commonly used to store other information of the domain name system, such as the list of mail servers that accept email for Internet domains were given. That can be distributed worldwide-word due to rescheduling based system facilitates the Internet domain name system is an essential component of the. Other identifiers such as RFID tags, UPC codes, international characters in email addresses and host names, and a variety of other identifiers could potentially use the DNS.[1] domain name system this database defines the base functionality of the service is also technical. For this purpose this DNS Protocol Internet Protocol Suite (TCP\/IP) parts as used in the DNS data structures and defines detailed description of communication exchange. To start the DNS protocol developed in the 1980s and by the Internet Engineering Task Force defined and made public.

What is the Internet?

2014-02-20T04:00:00.000+05:30

The Internet is a worldwide network of computers all connected. When you are connected to the Internet, your access to the World Wide Web, which is a library of information pages.

For further reading, explore Things I Learned 20 Google Book.
How do you connect to the Internet? What is the function of an ISP?

Before you begin to explore, you ISP plan. An ISP or Internet service provider is the company that lets you access the Internet and other Web services. These provide various ways to connect, including dial-up, cable, faibar optics or Wi-Fi. These determine the speed of your Internet access to various connections.
How is my mobile phone Internet reaches? It is different from the desktop?

General cell phone connects to the Internet from the wireless signal, which is used for phone calls. Your phone connects to a cell tower area, which you connect to the Internet. Since transferring data between mobile devices and the Internet can be expensive, so service providers spend for data plans.

How to hide the desktop icon???

2014-02-18T04:00:00.000+05:30

Office or home sometimes we save some personal things in your PC are by what we do not want any other stock to save your personal data around now you no need to because you have your desktop data to save a folder means that it can hide Hyde.

«How to show desktop in icon, first with your mouse, right click in the desktop screen and select the persist connection point to view then click the desktop icon she therein. your desktop will come all the hidden icons again. If you want to hide, point to an icon to click on view icon again.

If you are using Windows xp extension so that when you right-click the arrange icon click persist the connection. to edit the icon, right click on icon it is renamed.