Sagar IT World: Decoding Threats For Nation

importance of cyber security in electric vehicles

2021-10-14T12:28:00.007+05:30

How secure are future of electric vehicles?

Brief introduction about electric vehicles:

The future is here, and it’s electric.

Dual-mode hybrid cars are already on the market– you can get a Prius that runs on gas or electricity, for example– but in the future, these are going to be the norm. Electric cars will dominate in coming years and we’ll see them in all shapes and sizes. And when they do hit the roads, it could radically change not just how we use our cars, but also how companies like Uber operate.

Electric vehicle security system:

Security systems are notoriously complicated. It can be impossible to know if your system actually works until it’s too late. Fortunately, you only need to look at the electric vehicle industry’s fast growing security system (EVSS) market, which is expected to grow by over 13% per year during the coming years, in order to see how this problem has been solved.

EVSS provides peace of mind through features like continuous monitoring and alarm notifications when your car is tampered with or moved without authorization.

Cyber security consideration for the electric vehicle:

In addition to the vulnerabilities present in newer vehicle models, EVs present unique cybersecurity vulnerabilities because of their connections to other infrastructure and communication systems. When an EV refuels, it is physically and electronically connected to and exchanges information with EVSE.

Listed below are some potential cybersecurity issues which pertain to EVs:

Man-in-the-middle at charging station - Attacker inserts themselves between the EV and the EVSE leading to possible tracking issues, monetary issues, and other privacy issues.
Payment fraud at charging station:
o The charger cycle does not last the full amount of time paid for
o The charger is spoofed into providing free service
Privacy/tracking issues with using EVSEs linked into Smart Grid
Denial of service (DOS) attack at EVSEs - Taking vehicles out of service if unable to re-charge.
Intentional overcharging of batteries via a cybersecurity attack causing possible severe damage to batteries/EV.

AND HERE IS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU, RESEARCH AND LEARN ELECTRIC VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM, THEIR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND FIND THE VULNERABILITY IN THEIR SOFTWARE, DRIVERS.

(NOTE MY WORDS, THIS IS THE MOST DEMANDING JOB IN FUTURE), BECAUSE HUMANS SAFETY IS MOST IMPORTANT.

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

Sagar IT World

Decoding Threats For Nation

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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Career In Digital Forensics Analyst : Future Job

2021-07-20T12:24:00.001+05:30

Career In Digital Forensics Analyst : Future Job

Digital Forensics: Definition

The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper searcher authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation.

To fight computer crimes, digital forensics (DF) originated in law enforcement, computer security, and national defense. Law enforcement agencies, financial institutions, and investment firms are incorporating digital forensics into their infrastructure.

What you need to be a successful digital forensics practitioner ?

Lots of knowledge about computers, technology ( contemporary and legacy)
Professional conduct
Common-sense
Ability to think outside the box
Attention to detail
Persistence

Digital Forensics Roadmap

Typically 8 steps in the roadmap:

Search authority (search warrant or an authorization letter (in case of corporate investigations))
Chain of custody
Imaging / hashing function
Validated tools
Analysis
Repeatability (Quality Assurance)
Reporting
Possible expert presentation

Types of Digital Investigations

Digital investigations and forensics falls into two categories

Public investigations: Involve government agencies responsible for criminal investigations and prosecution.
Private or corporate investigations: Deal with private companies, non-law-enforcement government agencies, and lawyers.

Understanding Law Enforcement Agency Investigations (Some definitions)

Digital Evidence First Responder (DEFR): Arrives on an incident scene, assesses the situations, and takes precautions to acquire and preserve evidence
Digital Evidence Specialist (DES): Has the skill to analyze the data and determine when another specialist should be called in to assist.
Affidavit: A sworn statement of support of facts about or evidence of a crime. Must include exhibits that support the allegation.

Fields in Digital Forensics:

Computer/Laptop Forensic
Memory Forensic
Mobile Phone Forensic
Drone Forensic
Vehicle Forensic
Network Forensic And Many More.

Some Certifications:

❖ CHFI: Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator V9
❖ CFCE: Certified Forensic Computer Examiner
❖ CCE: Certified Computer Examiner
❖ CSFA: Cyber Security Forensic Analyst
❖ GCFA (Global Information Assurance Certification) an intermediate level computer forensics credential that signifies.

Career Opportunities:

❖ Forensic Computer Analyst
❖ Computer Forensics Examiner
❖ Security Consultant
❖ Mobile Forensics Expert
❖ Computer Crime Investigator
❖ Cryptanalyst
❖ Cryptographer
❖ Disaster Recovery Expert
❖ Forensic Instructor
❖ Trainer
❖ Forensic Author or Journalist

Explore the Digital Forensic Field, learn various tools & techniques, study research papers published by various DF Experts.

BEST OF LUCK!

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

Sagar IT World

Decoding Threats For Nation

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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Open Source Intelligence Analyst : Future Job

2021-07-14T10:57:00.011+05:30

Open Source Intelligence Analyst : Future Job

INTRODUCTION OF OSINT

Open Source Intelligence is the process of identifying, collecting data and then exploit that data in order to use in an intelligent manner. The value of Open Source Intelligence with the advancement of technology has become quite significant. In the recent years, it has seen enormous growth in comparison to the Closed Source Intelligence that emphasis on secretive information which is even complex to handle.

Open Source Intelligence has become a key component in national security and also find its place in organizations and businesses to empower the decision making process by gathering the relevant strategic information.

Open Source Intelligence Methods and Tools is an indispensable guide for anyone responsible for collecting online content from public data, and it is a must-have reference for any casual Internet user who wants to dig deeper into the Internet to see what information it contains.

Target Audience

The following types of people will benefit from OSINT:

• Penetration testers
• Digital forensics investigators
• Intelligence services
• Military personnel
• Law enforcement
• UN agencies and nonprofit organizations
• For-profit enterprises
• Risk management professionals
• Journalists
• Academic researchers
• University students
• End users who want to learn how to exploit Internet resources effectively

Some TOP OSINT Tools

Using the right OSINT tool for your organization can improve cybersecurity by helping to discover information about your company, employees, IT assets and other confidential or sensitive data that could be exploited by an attacker. Discovering that information first and then hiding or removing it could reduce everything from phishing to denial-of-service attacks.

Maltego
Recon-ng
theHarvester
Shodan
Metagoofil
Searchcode
SpiderFoot
Babel X

Career In Open Source Intelligence Analyst

Friends, OSINT Jobs' future is very good because big company needs researcher in OSINT Analyst.

Getting your first jobs in OSINT Analyst.

Practice Your OSINT Skills
Building Your OSINT Portfolio
Explore the OSINT Field, study research and white papers, learn various tools & techniques.

BEST OF LUCK!

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.
Sagar IT World
Decoding Threats For Nation
Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)
Location: Odisha, India
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Why government approved white hat hacking?

2020-11-06T15:50:00.002+05:30

Why government approved white hat hacking?

It's 2020 and we are looking at what is a white hat hacker and how is it different from other hackers and black hat hackers. Do white hat hackers also spy on other people or do they help companies and governments with their how-to guides on fixing the challenge these companies face. How did white hat hacking even become so relevant? Are these hackers really ethical and could this be called ethical hacking?

There Are Three Types of Hackers Basically:

‘Black Hat’ Hackers
‘White Hat’ Hackers
‘Grey Hat’ Hackers

Click here for details about all types of hackers

Usually people believe hacking to be wrong and it is also right because nowadays people use hacking for wrong things, for the benefit of themselves, they can hack things too.

And they do not mind how much damage can be done to that company by whichever company they are hacking.

read this informative article Important/Safe Banking Tips for Internet Banking users and mobile banking users.

I will talk about white hat hacking,

The white hat hacker is one such hacker. Who do hacking? And their motive is not to harm people. Rather their aim is to provide security. White hat hacker are also provides security for the company.

So that the company is not harmed, there is truth in the work of white hat hacker. You must have a hacking mind to stop the black hat and illegal hacking attacks or hackers.

China and Russia -sponsored hacker groups could target other country businesses, media and govt data centers.

Government hire white hat hackers,

because future war is cyber war. Cyber warfare is the next frontier of war, where one state uses viruses and hacking to cripple an enemy state’s computer systems, removing their ability to access information and communications systems.

Government needs White Hat Hackers to fight the Cyber Wars.

The government needs white hat hackers because the government's websites, servers, secret data centers and networks need advance security and protection.

White hat hackers finding bugs in government infrastructures (govt websites, servers and application etc.) and fix them.

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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What OS should I use to learn hacking?

2020-10-16T08:00:00.002+05:30

What OS should I use to learn hacking?

This article is only for educational purpose!

I made this article to answer a very common question that I get: What OS should I use to learn hacking? is it Kali Linux or Parrot OS And do real hackers use these operating systems?

You may have been confused knowing about the various distributions of Linux operating system, you may have heard that Kali Linux is the best OS for hacking and security testing in the market, while some say there is a new OS in the market, names Parrot Security OS in the market, named Parrot Security which is even better than Kali, so they use it.

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1. Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux :

Just like you use window xp, window 7, window 8 or window 10 in your computer or laptop, which are all operating systems of all windows, in the same way Kali Linux is also an operating system. Which we can install and use in our computer laptop and even now we can use Kali Linux in our android mobile as well.
Just like window (xp, 7, 8, 8.1, 10) is a family of windows. In the same way Kali Linux is also a family of Linux.
malware or viruses are easily installed in the windows operating system and any hacker can easily hack our computer whereas Kali Linux is a very security security operating system with no virus in it. Neither can anyone hack our system.
Kali Linux is the world’s most powerful and popular penetration testing platform, used by security
professionals in a wide range of specializations, including penetration testing, forensics, reverse
engineering, and vulnerability assessment. It is the culmination of years of refinement and the
result of a continuous evolution of the platform, from WHoppiX to WHAX, to BackTrack, and now
to a complete penetration testing framework leveraging many features of Debian GNU/Linux and
the vibrant open source community worldwide.

Are you excited to learn Kali Linux Operating System then download this PDF:

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD PDF

2. Parrot OS : Parrot Security

Operating Systems of Choice for Professional Hackers

Real “black hat” hackers use their skills to provide malicious attacks against government, institutions and other organizations for either financial benefits, methods of protest or publicity. Although it is true that most hackers prefer Linux operating systems.
Parrot Security OS was developed by Frozen Box’s team and was designed to conduct penetration testing, mitigation, vulnerability assessment, anonymous surfing and computer forensics. The system includes forensic boot options which help hackers to avoid boot automounts and can be used for reverse engineering.
Specially Bug Bounty Hunters prefer this Parrot Security OS, You are bore using Kali Linux OS, So you are switch to Parrot Security.

read this interesting article People Playing PUBG After Ban But?

3. BlackArch Linux - Penetration Testing Distribution :

BlackArch is a complete Linux distribution for penetration testers and security researchers. It is derived from Arch Linux and users can install BlackArch components individually or in groups directly on top of it.
The constantly expanding repository currently includes over1300tools. All tools are thoroughly tested before being added to the codebase to maintain the quality of the repository.
This Pen testing distribution Operating system is so cool to use and also available some dangerous tools for Security Experts.

4. BackBox:

Developed in Italy by Raffaele Forte, BackBox was first released in 2010. Since then, it has developed a dedicated community of users, including a complete set of tools required for ethical hacking and security testing.
It comes bundled with many devices for network penetration testing, security testing and ethical hacking performance. It can be used on a network for sniff packet, reverse engineer compiled program and other tasks that may require a security expert.
BackBox Specially provides Provides a Network and Information Systems Analysis Toolkit.

5. Live Wifislax : Wireless Hacking OS

This Wifislax Hacking OS is highly preferred for Wireless Penetration Testing. Wifislax is a Slackware-based live CD containing a variety of security and forensics tools. The distribution's main claim to fame is the integration of various unofficial network drivers into the Linux kernel, thus providing out-of-the-box support for a large number of wired and wireless network cards.
wifislax operating system, wifislax was created for wireless penetration. It comes as Linux distribution, live cd and vm ware image options.

6. Tails Operating System:

Choosing the right operating system is the most important part of your online privacy. Microsoft Windows and Mac OS is the best operating system so far, which is also very good in terms of security. Talk about the Tails operating system, it is a live OS, used for DVD, USB and SD cards.
Tails is a portable operating system that protects your privacy and helps you avoid censorship
This operating system is specially designed for Anonymous users. You can visit websites anonymously or change your identity.
The erosion of privacy in the Web has created a movement from the free software advocates, in the search and development of free and proper tools for everybody. The TOR project is the core of this movement, followed by other many tools which are part of The Amnesic Incognito Live System (Tails). In this document is analyzed the importance of Tails and all its tools in the fight for privacy, freedom, and democracy

— Edward Snowden,

NSA whistleblower

If you look at the way post-2013 whistleblowers have been caught, it is clear the absolute most important thing you can do to maintain your anonymity is reduce the number of places in your operational activity where you can make mistakes. Tor and Tails still do precisely that.

— Roger Dingledine,
co-founder of the Tor Project.

Tails expands Tor's protections to an entire operating system, and they do so with an unwavering commitment to their Social Contract. Tails is a favorite companion tool of Tor.

Here is the small difference between Linux and Windows Operating system

Linux distributions are best Operating Systems for Security researcher and penetration testers.

LINUX V/S WINDOWS

WINDOWS:

have to pay
not that much fast
not secured
easy to use
not open source
no skills required

Linux:

Free to download
fast and light
secured
hard to use
open source
require skills to operate

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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safety against terror drones: Zero protection to India's airports

2020-10-13T17:00:00.008+05:30

Safety Against Terror Drones: Zero Protection to India's Airports:

INDIA'S CRUCIAL AIRPORTS AT RISK ZERO PROTECTION FROM DRONES THREAT SAFEGUARDS OUR AIRPORTS NOT PRIORITY?

2019 NIA ALERT WARNS OF DRONE THREAT

It is reported that India's airport security is unprepared for dangerous enemies in the sky. In the age when drones across the border can unleash terror, India's air port security is not equipped. The bureau of Civil Aviation Security has issued an order earlier for a time-bound deployment of drone interception technology at all the airports across the country after nine months, not a single airport in India is equipped with the technology. In the year 2019, an on Annual Anti-Terror Conference of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) with all the stakeholders including the law enforcement agencies of states, the issue of criminal drones, or the drones that can be deployed for and kind of criminal activity including intrusion.

The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security had issued an order earlier for a time-bound deployment of drone interception technology at all the airports across the country.

High Energy Laser weapons, trained eagles, hacking drones firmware, etc. He emphasised the need of drone Jammers - RF Jammers, High Power Microwave Devices and Payload Analysis Software.
Hyper-Sensitive airports across India face security threat Anti-drone tech was meant to be installed at civil airports
Despite watchdog's threat warning, technology not installed.
CISF confirms no airport in India has anti-drone technology.

Zero protection to India's airports

THE RISK BEING INGONORED

Risk1: Drones increasingly deployed by Pak ISI
Risk2: Narcotics smuggled across border via drones
Risk3: Risk of terror strike to low-flying aircraft
Risk 4 Drones used to smuggle in weapons
Risk5: Terrorist drones can target airport infrastructure

INDIAN AIRPORTS SITTING DUCKS

NIA WARNED OF THREAT

'Complex and technical challenges in tackling criminal drone usage'

'Anti-UAV technologies like drone defending guns, high energy laser weapons'

'Emphasis on need for drone jammers- RF jammers, high power microwave devices & payload analysis software'

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I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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People Playing PUBG After Ban But?

2020-10-07T10:41:00.002+05:30

People Playing PUBG After Ban

Hello Friends

In this article, I will talk about PUBG Mobile and why and how people are playing PUBG after getting banned in India. Is it legal and good to play this game in India now and what would happen if you don't know the government's guidelines? VPN and downloads from third party stores are always risky guys.

People are playing PUBG after getting banned in India.

Recently, the Indian government has banned 118 apps and this list includes the popular Battle Royal game PUBG Mobile. There were millions of players of this game in India.

Indian gamers can still play the popular Battle Royal game on their phones. However, this will only happen for some time until the Indian game server is shut down by the game developers. Once the game is blocked players will not be able to start a new match. Currently, no timeline has been revealed about when the server will be shut down. Game development company Tencent says it is also in talks with the government to fix things.

The reason for easy chicken dinner is the lack of players on the game's server. Bots replace them when the real players are less in the game, which are easier to defeat. Soon this game will be completely blocked, it is set. Earlier, 59 apps banned in late June were also completely blocked a few days after the ban was announced.

read this informative article difference between www and internet

Is It Safe to Install PUBG from Unknown Sources?

Downloading PUBG in third party source, it is seriously danger for your smartphone.

Your phone may be hacked and your personal photos, documents, videos, contact list, bank details may be leaked online.

SO BE CAREFUL YOUR PRIVACY IS YOUR SECURITY

What Third-Party App Stores Do:

Dangerous third-party app stores work via malicious advertising or even code.

The ads or codes are “injected” into popular apps users purchase through these stores instead of legitimate options. While not all third-party apps are “bad,” many stores bait users by offering popular apps for much cheaper prices, and subsequently put user privacy very much at risk. Examples of sensitive information extracted through third-party app stores include phone numbers, device information, and email addresses.

Is it legal to run PUBG in smartphones?

This is highly illegal, As per the instructions of the Government of India.

If you are playing PUBG After ban by govt. of India, Going against of Indian Government.

PUBG TOURNAMENT:

After the government of India banned PUBG Mobile and PUBG Mobile Lite, esports firms have been left in a lurch and hurriedly looking for alternatives to the super-popular battle royale. Both the games were integral parts of many esports tournaments and many that had been scheduled for this year. But now, thanks to the ban, esport firms are trying to replace it with games like Garena Free Fire and Call of Duty: Mobile to avoid having to cancel these tournaments.

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Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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WhatsApp Chats Leaked in NCB/CBI Bollywood Drug Investigation: Phone cloning & WhatsApp Chats Backups.

2020-09-30T09:24:00.005+05:30

Image Credit: https://edtimes.in/whatsapp-encryption-is-not-foolproof-chats-can-be-accessed-in-these-ways/

read entire article for deep knowledge guys. welcome to our blog:

WhatsApp Chats Leaked in NCB/CBI Bollywood Drug Investigation: Phone cloning & WhatsApp Chats Backups.🔥🔥🔥

First I will inform you:

Special govt. and law enforcement agencies have legal write to access you smartphone & clone your smartphone.

The names of many Bollywood actors are coming to the fore in the drug connection that started with the Sushant case. In this case, the WhatsApp chat of Bollywood actors is constantly under discussion. During the investigation that started after Sushant's death, many things are being revealed about drugs. The NCB has arrested Riya Chakraborty, her brother Shauvik Chakraborty and several others in the case. Apart from that, one old WhatsApp chat of Bollywood celebrities after another is also being revealed.

In this, now the name of Deepika Padukone, Sara Ali Khan, Rakul Prit Singh, Shradha Kapoor name is also in the headlines. The point is that, the drug chat that Deepika has sent to Summon by him is that chat 2017. When Padukone deleted it from the drug chat, how did the chat come to NCB years ago?

Especially when WhatsApp claims that all their chats are end to end encrypted. Which means that only the sender and the receiver of the chat can read it. WhatsApp also cannot read those chats because the chat is not saved on any server. However, the company claims are being questioned due to several WhatsApp leaks leaked while solving the mystery of Sushant Singh Rajput's death.

Guy's be careful on digital world = = = = = = = = = = = = = Your Privacy Is Your Security

are you intrested to see how govt. agencies access deleted chats.

How do govt investigation agencies access deleted WhatsApp chats?

It must be noted that the media and message back-up on google drive or any cloud services aren't protected by whatsapp's end-to-end encryption.
And that is why, the agencies like CBI or can easily access the deleted or the encrypted WhatsApp chats.
Moreever. the agencies use complex Digital Forensics Software mechanism to clone all the data of your mobile phone onto a different mobile phone.
This is basically calling Phone Cloning or imaging, through which, all the data of your phone can be copied to another phone.
Special govt. and law enforcement agencies have legal write to access you smartphone & clone your smartphone.
Some investigating agencies and forensic science laboratories carry out “imaging” or forensic cloning of a mobile phone or any digital device if they believe it would aid investigation or help prove a case against someone in a court of law.

Your WhatsApp's data in Danger Zone

How to safe from this type of phone cloning.

Do not take screenshots of your WhatsApp chats.
Enable two step verification on you WhatsApp Account.
Do not store your WhatsApp chats in google drive and other cloud storages. it's danger for your privacy.
Turn off your automatic backup in Google Drive and other cloud storage.
cyber security researcher Sagar Padhy say's your WhatsApp data is safe it is used end-to-end encryption feature, but your backup google drive and another cloud drive data is not using end-to-end encryption, so be careful in Digital World.

Another most important point for you guy's:

Your WhatsApp data store in your phone local storage.

How to see your local WhatsApp data in your phone?

first open your phone internal storage
then click WhatsApp folder 📂
then click Database folder 📂
and you are see you data in message.db.crypt12 name.

WhatsApp clearly say

Media and message you back up aren't protected by WhatsApp end-to-end encryption while in Google Drive.

#PrivacyMatters

#BeSafe

#Security

I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

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Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Location: Odisha, India

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Keyword

"bollywood drug news" "karan johar biography" "bollywood actors age" "top bollywood actors"

Difference Between World Wide Web (WWW) And Internet: and Why It Matters. #www #internet.

2020-08-02T21:16:00.007+05:30

Difference Between World Wide Web (WWW) And Internet: And Why It Matters.

# The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web, also referred formally as World Wide Web (www) is collection of information which is accessed via the Internet. Another way to look at this difference is; the Internet is infrastructure while the Web is service on top of that infrastructure. Alternatively, the Internet can be viewed as a big book-store while the Web can be viewed as collection of books on that store. At a high level, we can even think of the Internet as hardware and the Web as software!

The internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.

The world wide web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.

So the web is only one part of the internet. It happens to be a highly visible part of the internet, though.

Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non-governmental organizational purposes.

one more important article for you: https://sagaritworld.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-is-cryptocurrency-what-is-bitcoin.html

Difference between World Wide Web and Internet: -

# The popularity of the Internet service World Wide Web (WWW) can be gauged from this.

That the World Wide Web and the Internet are commonly used in the same sense.

But in reality the World Wide Web is just a service based on the Internet.

Some of the fundamental differences between Web and Internet are as follows: -

The Internet is an international communication network that uses hardware and software Connects small to large computer networks spread around the world. On the other hand, the World Wide Web Hyperlinks are a group of interconnected information that can be shared.
Internet service provider (Internet Service Provider) has to pay a fee for using the Internet while the World Bide Web is a free facility available on the Internet.
Internet protocol (TCP and IP) is used for internet. While the World Wide Web uses hyper text transfer protocol (http).
The Internet works in coordination with both hardware and software, while the World Wide Web uses only different software.
The World Wide Web is a facility and the Internet is the medium to access it.

WATCH THIS VIDEO FOR MORE CLARITY:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ju8CPcnxlJ0

Credit goes to for the video link: Technical Navigator YouTube Channel

FINAL WORD

Friends, after reading this post completely, you must have understood what are the differences between WWW and Internet and you must have liked it, I always try to explain it to you in simple language, maybe you have understood it. In this post, I have covered all the Topics so that you do not need to read any other post, if this post helped you then you can share it with your friends.

I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

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Sagar IT World

Your Solution We Provide

Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst) Ethical Hacker by Passion.

Location: Odisha, India

Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sagarpadhy.official/

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CarryMinati's YouTube Channel Hacked, Bitcoin Adverts Stream on CarryisLive.

2020-07-25T11:04:00.003+05:30

CarryMinati's YouTube Channel Hacked, Bitcoin Adverts Stream on CarryisLive.

Popular India Youtuber Ajey Nagar, known by his channel name, Carry Minati's YouTube appears to have been hacked.

Minati, who runs a second gaming channel on YouTube called CarryisLive, mainly posts gaming videos through it.

New Delhi Carryminati Youtube Channel Hacked: From social media to video streaming platforms, this time hackers have created panic. Hackers have now targeted YouTube star Cariminati aka Ajay Nagar's channel after hacking the Twitter account of many big people like Elon Musk. Carrie's channel CarrySLive has been hacked. This information has been given by Khud Cariminati himself.

Cariminati informed fans about this through their Instagram account and Twitter account. He tweeted and wrote, 'YouTube India my channel CarrySLive has been hacked. I need immediate help. ' Apart from this, he warned fans through his Instagram story not to click on the link given below the channel. Also avoid the information being received on the channel.

Let me tell you that after Carrie's channel was hacked, a bitcoin advertisement was aired on it. Apart from this, a lot of bikinquine related content was shown. Let me tell you that Bitcoin is a crypto currency. Earlier, when the Twitter account of big business men like Elon Musk was hacked, there was still talk about bitcoins. Fans have become active on social media since Carrie's channel was hacked. Cariminati joins Twitter India's Top Trading. People all have concerns from mimes Are sharing.

Most informative & Intresting another article for you.

Cyber Safety & Cyber Security Awareness for all people. Safe use of social media platforms.

https://sagaritworld.blogspot.com/2020/05/cyber-safety-cyber-security-awareness.html

#YouTubeHacking #Hacked #BeSecureOnline

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Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Ethical Hacker by Passion.

Location: Odisha, India

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Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Kim Kardashian, Kanye West, Jeff Bezos and others Twitter Account Hacked

2020-07-16T14:24:00.011+05:30

Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Kim Kardashian, Kanye West, Jeff Bezos and others Twitter Account Hacked: 🔑

The biggest cyber attack has taken place on Twitter. Many high profile Twitter accounts of America (Ameica) have been hacked. This includes American leader Joe Biden, Tesla CEO Elon Musk, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and many more important accounts of Apple. After Twitter Hackle Hack (Hack), a special message was posted from these accounts. A link was posted to his account and asked for bitcoins. Hacking the Twitter handle claimed that people would be returned by double-sealing bitcoins.

The official accounts of former US President Barack Obama, rapper Kanye West and his wife Kim Kardashian, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gate, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, Tesla CEO Elon Musk, media tycoon Mike Bloomberg, along with major brands such as Apple and Uber, were among many others which fell victim to the hack.

All the accounts that were targeted have millions of followers. Twitter came into action after the high profile account was hacked. Twitter support tweeted, 'You will not be able to tweet now and change your password. We are investigating this.

Remind you that Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency in the world, specially created for the digital world and money transactions can be kept secret.

The biggest thing is that no bank or third party help is required for this. That is, if someone wants to send money, then that money can be directly transferred from your Bitcoin Wallet to another person's Bitcoin account.

Most informative & Intresting another article for you.

Cyber Safety & Cyber Security Awareness for all people. Safe use of social media platforms.

https://sagaritworld.blogspot.com/2020/05/cyber-safety-cyber-security-awareness.html

#TwitterHacking #Hacked #BeSecureOnline

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Sagar IT World

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Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Ethical Hacker by Passion.

Location: Odisha, India

Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sagarpadhy.official/

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Important/Safe Banking Tips for Internet Banking users and mobile banking users by Sagar Padhy

2020-07-14T21:30:00.003+05:30

Safe Banking Tips for Internet Banking users and mobile banking users:

Do's and Dont's (Some safe banking tips)

Do not give app access to any unknown user.
Bank, RBI or any other such organisations never call, send emails or SMSs asking for your personal or banking information. Do not be a victim of such frauds.
Do not Follow any URL from a message that your are not sure about.
Do not take help from strangers for using ATM card or handling cash at branch and do not allow them to watch you while transacting.
Avoid accessing your internet banking account from a cyber cafe/ shared computer. If you happen to do so, change your passwords from your own computer.
Ensure that you updated correct mobile number with bank to get the transaction alerts regularly.

Are you a victim of fraud:

If you suspect that card detail is compromised, immediately block your card from mobile application, internet banking or call phone banking center for assistance.
Immediately Block your Credit card and Debit Card. Or Change your Card PIN.

Bank Smart:

Do not store sensitive information such as mobile banking password, user ID, etc. on your phone.
Avoid using Bluetooth in public places as someone may access your confidential data/information.
Do not click on links embedded in emails/social networking sites that appear suspicious.

And Other Important Tip is Securing your Mobile Device:

Record the unique 15 digit IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number. This is usually printed on the phone below the battery, or can be accessed by keying *#06# on most of the phones.
In case Mobile phone is stolen/lost, this IMEI number is required for registering complaint at Police station and may help in tracking your mobile phone through your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Use auto lock to automatically lock the phone or keypad lock protected by passcode/ security patterns to restrict access to your mobile phone.
Use a PIN to lock SIM card: Use a PIN (Personal Identification Number) for SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card to prevent people from making use of it when stolen. After turning on SIM security, each time phone starts it will prompt to enter SIM PIN.
Use password to protect information on the memory card. Report lost or stolen device report lost or stolen devices immediately to the nearest police station and concerned service provider. Use mobile tracking feature.
Use the feature of Mobile Tracking which could help if the mobile phone is lost/stolen. Every time a new SIM card is inserted in the mobile phone, it would automatically send messages to two preselected phone numbers of your choice, so that you can track your Mobile device.
Wi-Fi

Connect only to the trusted networks.
Use Wi-Fi only when required. It is advisable to switch off the service when not in use.
Beware while connecting to public networks, as they may not be secure.
Never connect to unknown networks or untrusted networks.

8. Mobile as USB

When a mobile phone is connected to a personal computer, scan the external phone memory and memory card using and updated anti-virus.
Take regular backup of your phone and external memory card because if an event like a system crash or malware penetration occurs, at lest your data is safe.
Before transferring the data to Mobile from computer, the data should be scanned with latest antivirus with all updates.
Never keep sensitive information like user names/passwords on mobile phones.
Never forward the virus affected data to other Mobiles.

Some General Information:

Update the mobile (OS) operating system regularly.
Upgrade the operating system to its latest version.
Always install applications from trusted sources.
Consider installing security software from a reputable provider and update them regularly (like Google Play Store and Apple APP Store.
It's always helpful to check the features before downloading an applications. Some applications may use your personal data. SO BE SECURE ONLINE (While using Internet)
If you're downloading an app from a third party, do a little research to make sure the app is reputable.

Keep these tips in mind while banking online:

Avoid using internet banking on shared computers and public places like cafés and libraries.

Always remember to log-off on internet banking and close your browser when you have finished your online banking.

Disable the 'AutoComplete' function within your browser.

Install firewall and anti-virus software and keep it up to date to help detect and disable malicious software.

Make sure your account information is safe

Change your internet banking password regularly and never disclose it to anyone.

Always use strong password with alphanumeric passwords which cannot be guessed easily and for multiple accounts, use different passwords.

Do not write them down.

Do not give your account information to telemarketers or to callers claiming to confirm or verify your account information.

#SafeAndSecureBanking #BeSecureOnline #DigitalIndia

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Sagar IT World

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Written & Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Cyber Security Researcher & Digital forensics Analyst)

Ethical Hacker by Passion.

Location: Odisha, India

Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sagarpadhy.official/

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Elyments - First Indian Social Media Super Application To Be Launched By Vice President Today. elyments app review.

2020-07-05T16:28:00.003+05:30

Elyments - First Indian Social Media Super Application To Be Launched By Vice President Today

First Indian Social Media Super Applicationaption

elyments

Social Media Simplified. Be in a space where you are always at your best, and feel completely at home.

Elyments is a comprehensive social networking app that is literally a one-stop-app for everything you might need. Connect and converse with friends, share updates, network with like-minded people, discover interests, make seamless voice and video calls, and much more with Elyments.

Bharat Ka Apna Social Media App

New Delhi: Vice President of the country Venkaiah Naidu on Sunday launched the first homegrown social media app, Elyments. Users will now be able to download this app from the Google Play store. The founder of Art of Living, Sri Ravi Shankar was also present during the launching program.

Millions of people have downloaded this app from the Google Play Store within just a few hours of launching. Let's say that initially this app will be available in 8 languages. In addition, audio-video calling will also be provided. The main objective of this app is to add features of social media apps and make it available in a single app.

Special emphasis on data privacy

Usually questions are raised about data privacy on social media. Therefore, data privacy has been kept in the most attention in this native social media app. According to the information, the user's data in the Elyments app will be safe and no third party will be able to take it without permission.

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#Elyments #IndianSocialMediaApp #IndianApp #GoDigital #DigitalIndia

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Posted by: Sagar Padhy (Odisha, India)

Latest Top Trending Technology Facts: 28 websites in NORTH KOREA

2020-05-10T10:39:00.000+05:30

Latest Top Trending Technology Facts

Sagar IT World is not the owner of this picture. the owner of this picture is https://neverknownfacts.wordpress.com/technology-facts/

1. Internet outside the Earth: But with this, the internet is now trying to reach out to the Earth and other planets, which will benefit Space Science. Work has been done for a long time towards establishing interplanetary internet network and it has been named as Intellectual Internet.

2. The infamous ghost in Snapchat's logo is named Ghostface Chillah, based on Ghostface Killah of the Wu-Tang Clan.

3. If someone says to someone that you are a mouse potato, what does it mean that you will find out what you are saying, In the world of internet, there are many such words which we do not know, or mouse potato means that person who is always on the computer and takes a lot of time to do any work on the computer. Let's say potato. And this is a fact.

4. Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies is the name of the book that amazon sold for the first time in July 1995. You know the amazon website was the most popular book selling website. I told you the name of the book This is a fact. Not all people know.

5. In 1989, an article come out, according to which LOL! Meant to be Laugh Out Loud but that was LOL! Meant to be Lots of Love. Later, when this article come out, the internet started becoming more popular, later it slowly become the meaning of Laugh Out Loud.

6. In 2016, North Korea's DNS data was accidentally leaked. If you do not know about North Korea's internet, then I tell you, people in North Korea are not able to use internet properly. Every website has a government control. The president of North Korea controls the entire Internet. In 2016, North Korea's DNS data was leaked, a very interesting thing was revealed in it. It was revealed in it that their domain is from .kp which is 28 in total. The Total 28 website is registered with the domain of their country, the Sari website was under the president of their country. He is not the personal website of any human being. While looking at the website of UK country, there are more than 10 million. This is very big mystery. This is a very big fact.

7. In 2004, email first used @ as its symbol (Symbol).

8.. The first domain name was www.symbolics.com registered on 15 March 1985.

9. amazon.com sells more ebooks than printed books.

10. 97% of people mistype on Google because they want to see if Google corrects the spelling.

11. About 60 billion emails are sent every day of which 97% is spam.

12. Do you know that the world's first computer keyboard was invented in 1968.

13. Do you know that only 5 MB of data could be stored in the first Hard Disk in the world.

14. Do you know 90% Text Messages are read within 3 minutes of being delivered.

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Sagar Information Technology World

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Types Of Hacking Attacks: Most Dangerous Attacks, "Your Computer & Phone May Be At Risk"

2020-05-08T09:42:00.000+05:30

Types Of Hacking Attacks

1.1 Denial of Service Attacks

The first type of attack to examine is the denial of service (DoS). A denial of service attack is any attack that aims to deny legitimate users of the use of the target system. This class of attack does not actually attempt to infiltrate a system or to obtain sensitive information. It simply aims to prevent legitimate users from accessing a given system.
This type of attack is one of the most common categories of attack. Many experts feel that it is so common because most forms of denial of service attacks are fairly easy to execute. The ease with which these attacks can be executed means that even attackers with minimal technical skills can often successfully perform a denial of service.
The concept underlying the denial of service attack is based on the fact that any device has operational limits. This fact applies to all devices, not just computer systems. For example, bridges are designed to hold weight up to a certain limit, aircraft have limits on how far they can travel without refuelling, and automobiles can only accelerate to a certain point. All of these various devices share a common trait: They have set limitations to their capacity to perform work. Computers are no different from these, or any other machine; they, too, have limits. Any computer system, web server, or network can only handle a finite load.
How a workload (and its limits) is defined varies from one machine to another. A workload for a computer system might be defined in a number of different ways, including the number of simultaneous users, the size of files, the speed of data transmission, or the amount of data stored. Exceeding any of these limits will stop the system from responding. For example, if you can flood a web server with more requests than it can process, it will be overloaded and will no longer be able to respond to further requests. This reality underlies the DoS attack. Simply overload the system with requests, and it will no longer be able to respond to legitimate users attempting to access the web server.

1.2 SYN Flood

Simply sending a flood of pings is the most primitive method of performing a DoS. More sophisticated methods use specific types of packets. One popular version of the DoS attack is the SYN flood. This particular attack depends on the hacker’s knowledge of how connections are made to a server. When a session is initiated between the client and server in a network using the TCP protocol, a small buffer space in memory is set aside on the server to handle the “hand-shaking” exchange of messages that sets up the session. The session-establishing packets include a SYN field that identifies the sequence in the message exchange.
A SYN flood attempts to disrupt this process. In this attack, an attacker sends a number of connection requests very rapidly and then fails to respond to the reply that is sent back by the server. In other words, the attacker requests connections, and then never follows through with the rest of the connection sequence. This has the effect of leaving connections on the server half open, and the buffer memory allocated for them is reserved and not available to other applications. Although the packet in the buffer is dropped after a certain period of time (usually about three minutes) without a reply, the effect of many of these false connection requests is to make it difficult for legitimate requests for a session to be established.

1.3 Smurf Attack

The Smurf attack is a popular type of DoS attack. It was named after the application first used to execute this attack. In the Smurf attack, an ICMP packet is sent out to the broadcast address of a network, but its return address has been altered to match one of the computers on that network, most likely a key server. All the computers on the network will then respond by pinging the target computer.
ICMP packets use the Internet Control Message Protocol to send error messages on the Internet. Because the address of packets are sent to is a broadcast address, that address responds by echoing the packet out to all hosts on the network, who then send it to the spoofed source address.
Continually sending such packets will cause the network itself to perform a DoS attack on one or more of its member servers. This attack is both clever and simple. The greatest difficulty is getting the packets started on the target network. This can be accomplished via some software such as a virus or Trojan horse that will begin sending the packets.

1.4 Ping of Death

The Pingof Death (PoD), is perhaps the simplest and most primitive form of DoS attack and is based on overloading the target system. TCP packets have limited size. In some cases by simply sending a packet that is too large, can shut down a target machine.
The aim of this attack is to overload the target system and cause it to quit responding. The PoD works to compromise systems that cannot deal with extremely large packet sizes. If successful, the server will actually shut down. It can, of course, be rebooted.
The only real safeguard against this type of attack is to ensure that all operating systems and software are routinely patched. This attack relies on vulnerabilities in the way a particular operating system or application handles abnormally large TCP packets. When such vulnerabilities are discovered, the vendor customarily releases a patch. The possibility of PoD is one reason, among many, why you must keep patches updated on all of your systems.
This attack is becoming less common as newer versions of operating systems are better able to handle the overly large packets that Ping of Death depends on. If the operating system is properly designed, it will drop any oversized packets, thus negating any possible negative effects a PoD attack might have.

1.5 UDP Flood

UDP (UserDatagram Protocol) is a connection less protocol and it does not require any connection setup procedure to transfer data. TCP packets connect and wait for the recipient to acknowledge receipt before sending the next packet. Each packet is confirmed. UDP packets simply send the packets without confirmation. This allows packets to be sent much faster, making it easier to perform a DoS attack.
A UDP flood attack occurs when an attacker sends a UDP packet to a random port on the victim system. When the victim system receives a UDP packet, it will determine what application is waiting on the destination port. When it realizes that no application is waiting on the port, it will generate an ICMP packet of destination unreachable to the forged source address. If enough UDP packets are delivered to ports on the victim, the system goes down.

1.6 DoS Tools

One reason that DoS attacks are becoming so common is that a number of tools are available for executing DoS attacks. These tools are widely available on the Internet, and in most cases are free to download. This means that any cautious administrator should be aware of them. In addition to their obvious use as an attack tool, they can also be useful for testing your anti-DoS security measures.
Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC) is probably the most well know and one of the simplest DoS tool. You first put the URL or IP address into the target box. Then click the Lock On button. You can change settings regarding what method you choose, the speed, how many threads, and whether or not to wait for a reply. Then simply click the IMMA CHARGIN MAH LAZER button and the attack is underway.
High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC) is a bit more advanced than LOIC, but actually simpler to run. Click the + button to add targets. A popup window will appear where you put in the URL as well as a few settings.

1.7 Buffer Overflow Attacks

Another way of attacking a system is called a buffer overflow (or buffer overrun) attack. Some experts would argue that the buffer overflow occurs as often as the DoS attack, but this is less true now than it was a few years ago. A buffer overflow attack is designed to put more data in a buffer than the buffer was designed to hold. This means that although this threat might be less than it once was, it is still a very real threat.
Any program that communicates with the Internet or a private network must receive some data. This data is stored, at least temporarily, in a space in memory called a buffer. If the programmer who wrote the application was careful, the buffer will truncate or reject any information that exceeds the buffer limit.
Given the number of applications that might be running on a target system and the number of buffers in each application, the chance of having at least one buffer that was not written properly is significant enough to cause any cautious system administrator some concern. A person moderately skilled in programming can write a program that purposefully writes more data into the buffer than it can hold. For example, if the buffer can hold 1024 bytes of data and you try to fill it with 2048 bytes, the extra 1024 bytes is then simply loaded into memory.
If the extra data is actually a malicious program, then it has just been loaded into memory and is running on the target system. Or perhaps the perpetrator simply wants to flood the target machine’s memory, thus overwriting other items that are currently in memory and causing them to crash. Either way, the buffer overflow is a very serious attack.
Fortunately, buffer overflow attacks are a bit harder to execute than the DoS or a simple MS Outlook script virus. To create a buffer overflow attack, a hacker must have a good working knowledge of some programming language (C or C++ is often chosen) and understand the target operating system/application well enough to know whether it has a buffer overflow weakness and how it might exploit the weakness.

1.8 IP Spoofing

IP spoofing is essentially a technique used by hackers to gain unauthorized access to computers. Although this is the most common reason for IP spoofing, it is occasionally done simply to mask the origins of a DoS attack. In fact DoS attacks often mask the actual IP address from which the attack is originating.
With IP spoofing, the intruder sends messages to a computer system with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a different IP address than it is actually coming from. If the intent is to gain unauthorized access, then the spoofed IP address will be that of a system the target considers a trusted host.
To successfully perpetrate an IP spoofing attack, the hacker must first find the IP address of a machine that the target system considers a trusted source. Hackers might employ a variety of techniques to find an IP address of a trusted host. After they have that trusted IP address, they can then modify the packet headers of their transmissions so it appears that the packets are coming from that host.
IP spoofing, unlike many other types of attacks, was actually known to security experts on a theoretical level before it was ever used in a real attack. The concept of IP spoofing was initially discussed in academic circles as early as the 1980s. Although the concept behind this technique was known for some time, it was primarily theoretical until Robert Morris discovered a security weakness in the TCP protocol known as sequence prediction.
IP spoofing attacks are becoming less frequent, primarily because the venues they use are becoming more secure and in some cases are simply no longer used. However, spoofing can still be used, and all security administrators should address it.

A couple of different ways to address IP spoofing include:

Do not reveal any information regarding your internal IP addresses. This helps prevent those addresses from being “spoofed.”
Monitor incoming IP packets for signs of IP spoofing using network monitoring software. One popular product is Netlog. This and similar products seek incoming packets to the external interface that have both the source and destination IP addresses in your local domain, which essentially means an incoming packet that claims to be from inside the network, when it is clearly coming from outside your network. Finding one means an attack is underway.

The danger from IP spoofing is that some firewalls do not examine packets that appear to come from an internal IP address. Routing packets through filtering routers is possible if they are not configured to filter incoming packets whose source address is in the local domain.
Examples of router configurations that are potentially vulnerable include:

Routers to external networks that support multiple internal interfaces
Proxy firewalls where the proxy applications use the source IP address for authentication
Routers with two interfaces that support subnetting on the internal network
Routers that do not filter packets whose source address is in the local domain

1.9 Guided Exercise: Preventing IP Spoofing

Resources
Files	None
Machines	Ubuntu Server

In this exercise you will need to configure the Ubuntu Server to avoid IP Spoofing.
Login to Ubuntu Server and once logged in run the command “sudo gedit /etc/host.conf”. Sudo will ask the user password and enter “Pa$$w0rd”. The host configuration file will open. The host.conf configuration file contains configuration information specific to the resolver library

Make the changes shown in the screenshot below which you simply change the word multi to nospoof.

By adding the value nospoof on the resolver library will attempt to prevent hostname spoofing for enhanced security.
After making the changes press SAVE to to save the changes and then close the file.

2.0 Session Hijacking

Another form of attack is session hacking or hijacking. TCP session hijacking is a process where a hacker takes over a TCP session between two machines. Because authentication frequently is done only at the start of a TCP session, this allows the hacker to break into the communication stream and take control of the session. For example, a person might log on to a machine remotely. After establishing a connection with the host, the hacker might use session hacking to take over that session and thereby gain access to the target machine.
One popular method for session hacking is using source-routed IP packets. This allows a hacker at point A on the network to participate in a conversation between B and C by encouraging the IP packets to pass through the hacker’s machine.
The most common sort of session hacking is the “man-in-the-middle attack.” In this scenario, a hacker uses some sort of packet-sniffing program to simply listen the transmissions between two computers, taking whatever information he or she wants but not actually disrupting the conversation. A common component of such an attack is to execute a DoS attack against one end point to stop it from responding. Because that end point is no longer responding, the hacker can now interject his own machine to stand in for that end point.
The point of hijacking a connection is to exploit trust and to gain access to a system to which one would not otherwise have access.

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Cyber Safety & Cyber Security Awareness for all people. Safe use of social media platforms

2020-05-08T08:25:00.001+05:30

Cyber Safety & Cyber Security Awareness

Information Security:

The nature of risks and vulnerabilities in modern societies is becoming more and more transformational today. An open and innovative approach to newer vulnerabilities at the physical, virtual and psychological levels is needed to create new knowledge and a better understanding of new risks and of their causes, interactions, probabilities and costs.
Information security has therefore become assumed a greater importance in today's world. The primary aspects of information security are confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. These three factors are important not only to business sector but also to the operations of the government and critical infrastructures such as power, telecommunications, transportation, energy, banking and finance and defense etc. Information technology infrastructure has become essential part of the day-to-day functioning of these sectors.

Importance of Cyber Security:

Why is Cyber Security Awareness Important?

1. Advanced technologies have changed the modern way of life. The internet provides us with many
benefits. Be it communicating with friends, searching for information, doing banking transactions,
availing online services, finding job, finding life partner or even running entire businesses. The
internet touches almost all aspects of our lives. However, it also makes us vulnerable to a wide
range of threats.

2. New and powerful cyber-attacks are striking the internet regularly. A minor lapse in managing our
digital lives can open the door to cyber criminals. Cyber criminals can steal our money or damage
our reputation. According to a study by a leading industry research organization, 90% of all cyber attacks are caused by human negligence. Therefore, cyber security awareness is important for
everyone today.

Types of Cyber crime:

A cyber crime is a crime involving computers and networks. This includes a wide range of activities, from illegally downloading music files to stealing money from online bank accounts. Cyber criminals are not always financially motivated.
Cyber crimes include non-monetary offenses as well. It can
include frauds such as job related frauds, matrimonial frauds; stealing and misusing sensitive
personal information (Aadhaar details, credit/debit card details, bank account credentials, etc.);
defamation of an individual on social media; distribution of computer viruses etc. Cyber crimes can also lead to physical or sexual abuse.

Common types of cyber crimes prevalent today.

Identity Theft
Attacks through Mobile Applications
Psychological Tricks
Virus Attacks on Personal Computer
Social Media related Attacks
Digital Banking Frauds

GENERAL TIPS TO KEEP YOU SAFE IN INTERNET.

Always keep your systems/devices (desktop, laptop, mobile) updated with latest patches.
Protect systems/devices through security software such as anti-virus with the latest version.
Always download software or applications from known trusted sources only. Never use pirated
software on your systems/devices.
Ensure all devices/accounts are protected by a strong PIN or passcode. Never share your PIN
or password with anyone.
Do not share your net-banking password, One Time Password (OTP), ATM or phone
banking PIN, CVV number etc. with any person even if he/she claims to be an employee or a
representative of the bank and report such instances to your bank.
Always change the default admin password on your Wi-Fi router to a strong password known
only to you. In addition, always configure your wireless network to use the latest encryption
(contact your network service provider, in case of any doubt) .
Be cautions while browsing through a public Wi-Fi and avoid logging in to personal &
professional accounts such as e-mail or banking on these networks.
Always use virtual keyboard to access net-banking facility from public computers; and logout
from banking portal/website after completion of online transaction. Also ensure to delete
browsing history from web browser (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox etc.) after completion
of online banking activity .
Be careful while sharing identity proof documents especially if you cannot verify the authenticity of the company/person with whom you are sharing information.
Do scan all e-mail attachments for viruses before opening them. Avoid downloading e-mail
attachments received in e-mails from unknown or un-trusted sources.
Note the IMEI code of your cell phone and keep it in a safe place. The operator can blacklist/
block/trace a phone using the IMEI code, in case the cell phone is stolen.
Discuss safe internet practices and netiquettes with your friends and family regularly! Motivate
them to learn more about cyber crimes and safe cyber practices.
Do not save your card or bank account details in your e-wallet as it increases the risk of theft
or fraudulent transactions in case of a security breach.
Observe your surroundings for skimmers or people observing your PIN before using an ATM.
If you think you are compromised, inform authorities immediately.

India Cyber Crime Portal & Indian computer emergency response team(CERT-In)

Cyber Bulling:

Cyber bullying is one of the common cyber threats being faced by children and young people. Though cyber bullying can impact anyone yet due to limited understanding about cyber threats, children become easy victims of cyber bullying.

Cyber bullying means using internet or mobile technology to internationally harass or bully someone by sending rude, mean or hurtful messages, comments and images/videos. A cyber bully can use text messages, emails, social media platforms, web pages, chat rooms, etc. to bully others.

Let's discuss how you can protect yourself from becoming a victim of cyber bullying:

Don't accept friend requests from unknown people on social media platforms. Cyber bully can even create a fake account to befriend victims. As a rule of the thumb, only add people online whom you know offline.
Don't share your personal information like date of birth, address, and phone number on social media or other online platforms. You can go to privacy settings on social media platforms to select who can access your posts online. Try to restrict access of you profile to you friends only, Picture stories for example on a particular platform are public by default.
Remember what you post online remains there so it is important to be careful and not to share you phone number and other personal details in comments or posts on social media platforms.
Never install unwanted software and apps like dating app, online games, etc. from unknown source. You should be very careful while chatting in the chat rooms. Never share personal details in the chat room and limit your identity.
Also, please remember that as a good netizen you should never share mean comments or hurtful messages or embarrassing pictures/videos online. Please be careful and check if your post/comment/videos can be embarrassing for your friend or anyone else. If so, please don't post. You should not become a cyber bully yourself as it is a punishable offence. It adversely impacts the victim.

Safe use of social media platforms.

The increased usage of internet services and smartphones has made social networking one of the most popular online activities. Social media enables users to connect, communicate and share information, photographs or videos with anyone across the globe. Some of the popular social media platforms are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn,WhatsApp, Snapchat, Tinder, Hike, WeChat, Tumblr etc.
The penetration of social media is continuously increasing worldwide. The tremendous growth in use of social media platforms/ social networking platforms has provided a fertile ground to cyber criminals to engage in illegal activities.

Here are some of important steps you should take to protect yourself and your information while using social media platforms:

Do not trust online users unless you know and can trust them in real life.
Do not accept friend requests from strangers on social networking sites.
Do not share your personal information such as address, phone number, date of birth etc. on social media. Identity thieves can easily access and use this information .
Do not share your sensitive personal photographs and videos on social media.
Always use a strong password by using alphabets in upper case and lower case, numbers and special characters for your social media accounts.
Share your photos and videos only with your trusted friends by selecting right privacy settings on social media.
Immediately inform the social media service provider, if you notice that a fake account has been created by using your personal information.
Do not allow social networking sites to scan your email account to look for your friends and send spam mails to them without your consent or knowledge.
Do not announce your vacations, travel plans etc. on social media. Criminals can use it as an opportunity for theft etc.
Always keep location services turned off on your devices unless necessary.
When chatting with someone online and you feel suspicious about your chat partner, try asking some unrelated scientific or mathematical questions. If it does not answer or acknowledge the question, it may mean that you are chatting with an automated computer bot.
Do not use public computer/ cyber cafe to access social networking websites, it may be may be infected/ installed with a key logger application which will capture your keystrokes including the login credentials.

Note:- An initiative of Government of India to facilitate victims/complainants to report all types of cyber crime complaints online. Complaints reported National cyber crime reporting portal are dealt by respective police authorities of states/ UTs based on the information provided by the complainants.

National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal

https://www.cybercrime.gov.in/

I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

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Top 10 Technologies to Learn in 2020. Trending Technologies 2020. Top 10 Technology

2020-05-06T09:24:00.000+05:30

Top 10 Technologies to Learn in 2020

10. 5 Generation (5G) Technology

So on 10th we have 5G technology that year of 2020 will be taken over by the fastest internet connection that we have seen till now the fifth generation netbooks that is 5G is still under.
4G LTE that we are currently using 5G is going to be 10 times faster and it will provide faster and more efficient data transmission but significant reduction in latency.
5G technology is believed to be the fifth generation of mobile internet, whose speed will be much higher than the speed of today's internet. Which will quickly and easily upload and download large data. Its reach will be greater and better than the current mobile internet. This technology will be an example of better use of the radio spectrum as a whole, and it will simultaneously connect multiple devices to the Internet.
The biggest advantage of 5G technology is that its speed will be much faster than 4G technology. Also, high bandwidth and ultra-low latency will be used in this technique

9. Cloud Computing

Now number nine Cloud computing is yet another technology that has taken the world by storm cloud computing refers to using remote servers for your own personal use.
It eliminates the need of setting up stacks and stacks of servers in a data center as the organizations can just go ahead and rent as many servers as they need from a cloud vendor. Plus they only have to pay for as long a they use.
Cloud computing also helps in reducing setup costs as well as maintenance cost because all the services offered by cloud vendors are maintained and managed by them.
In addition to this there are many other benefits of using cloud computing and due to all of this.
Organizations all around the world are moving their infrastructure to cloud.
Gardner has even predicted that by 2020, 83 percent of the entire workload of this world is going to be on cloud which clearly indicates that cloud computing is here to stay.

8. Internet of Things (IoT)

Now next on number eight we have Internet of Things, That is IOT.
IoT is the interconnection of computing devices mechanical and digital machines objects animals are people that have been provided by a unique identified and the ability to send or receive data over a network that do without any human to human.
Are human computer interaction goddamn predicts that the IoT market will grow by 5.8 billion by end of 2020 which clearly indicates that IoT is going to be the talk of market in the next year.
By the way, the era of IOT has started, today we use many types of IOT Device. Such as Fitness Band, Smart Watch, Bulb, Fan etc. But they do not come at the same Affordable Price right now and it may happen that there will be some decrease in their price.

There are many more examples of IoT like -

The smart wristband available in today's market, which tracks your heart rate and how many meters you have run or walked, and put it on the internet or upload it.

7. Big Data

So now next on number seven we have big data.
But before moving forward let me first make it clear that big data is not a technology of any sort but rather a problem in itself.
As the name suggests Big Data refers to extremely large amounts of data that can be used to reveal patterns trends insights and associations if analyzed properly.
But the problem is that big data is so large and complex that it cannot be analyzed using traditional data processing tools and so big data solutions which is Hadoop was introduced.
Big data is getting bigger day by day and that is organizations are always going to be on the lookout for experts who can handle the big data using big data tools.
The volume of big data is so high that traditional systems cannot handle it. The velocity of big data is generated at very high speed and the variability of big data is so much that this data is found in the form of text, image, document and video.

6. Blockchain Technology

On number six we have blockchain technology blockchain is is a list of records called blogs that are linked together using cryptography.
It is used to facilitate transactions of crypto currencies like Bitcoin.
It acts like a public ledger that records all the transactions and each block of transaction connects to another block forming a chain block chain we have been a little unapproachable till now but that is going to change by 2020.
I.T. professionals are already working on block chain to provide a secure underlying infrastructure to many aspects of our digital life.
The blockchain is like a database, it is a way of storing records of value and transactions. Almost anything can be recorded on the blockchain. Blockahin technology removes the need for an intermediary, allowing people to transact directly with each other.
Online fraud will decrease: In this technology, there are a series of blocks that record data and these blocks are shared anonymously with stakeholders within a network. All transaction-related data is verified with each stakeholder of the network, thereby eliminating the scope of vulnerability arising due to cyber-related threats. So stealing customer information becomes almost impossible. Transactions in this system take place between two parties without the intervention of any middleman.

5. Augmented reality and virtual reality (AR & VR)

Up next on number five we have AR and VR That is augmented reality and virtual reality
Augmented reality overlays or ads digital elements on a life view often by using your camera on your smartphone.
The most common example of you using augmented reality in your real life is when you use Snapchat filters on your live selfies are when you play a game that is Pokemon go, on the makeup and the crown appearing on your live selfies or a pokemon appearing front of you on the road that you're walking on is nothing but augmented reality in action.
On the other hand if you talk about virtual reality unlike augmented reality we are just completely immersive which means that instead of adding an element on a life view it completely makes you believe that you are in a completely different environment.
The most popular example of VR is Sony's PlayStation, VR Facebook Oculus Rift and HTC.

4. Voice Technology & Natural language processing (NLP)

Number four we have voice technology and NLP long gone are the days when the only relation between voice and technology was when we used to make calls using our mobile devices.
But now with Google assistant, Alexa and Apple Siri we have witnessed voice technology getting seeped into out daily lives but they have often fallen short of human expectations But that is going to change in the coming year.
Using NLP computers will be able to understand the underlying human tone sarcasm fund and even deeper contextual clues like double meanings.
It is also a software program or hardware device that has the ability to recognize the human voice and decode the voice. Therefore these devices are used as data input devices which make the computer system very easy.

3. Development and operations (DevOps)

Now on number three we have devOps. devops is a set of practices and methodologies that are used to automate processes between software deveopment it came is a solution to keep the workflow of software development as smooth as possible.
As organizations realize that inculcating devOps means accelerated application delivery dock with other major benefits it's no wonder that DevOps became and will continue to be a huge hit among organizations.

2. Robotic process automation (RPA)

On number two we have RPA That is robotic process automation.
RPA is going to revolutionize the way organizations work today.
As the name suggests RPA refers to using entities that can mimic human actions to automate stuff such as sending or processing emails from multiple customers or data migration entry and node by automating repetitive and monotonous tasks using RPA.
We can reduce human error, We can save time, We can even reduce operational cost which is something inspired by the entire business landscape and that is how we know that RPA will witness major adoption in the coming years.

1. Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning (AL & ML)

AI have seen major adoption in various fields. For example travel and navigation data security gaming healthcare and many more AI can be used in travel and navigation to such as the most efficient drought are the nearest landmarks or even dining options.
The most common example of AI in travel and navigation fields in Google Maps.
It can also be used in gaming to train the computers to play strategic games for example Chess.
I.T. professionals have promised the most promising A.I. innovations coming up next year.
For example it is expected to see self-driving cars finally marketing their way on the roadways by 2020.
We can also expect to see fully functional robots that are capable of getting smart and complex interactions using AI technology.

So guys these are the top 10 technologies that you should definitely look out for end in year of 2020 obviously not everyone's list can be same.

So if they have any other technology in your mind that you would like to include in the list of top ten technologies then you do let us know in the comment section below.

I Hope you find this article informative. If you have any queries than do let us know in the comments section below and we would love to get back to you at the earliest.

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Advance Network Security & Internet Protection

2020-05-04T19:52:00.002+05:30

Advance Network security

Now-a-days the internet usage is in great swing in online banking and e-commerce, in which case the security of the network becomes more important.
Securing your network from attacks and unauthorized access is an important part of any architecture.
The use of computers has been growing rapidly, from sending confidential communications to e-business. On the one hand, while it has increased a lot of facilities, on the other hand, due to security related problems, there are also two-four. Keeping the network secure has become a major challenge, so that messages passing through network traffic can safely reach their destination.

Goals of Network Security:

Network security is not only concerned about the security of the computers at each end of the communication chain; however, it aims to ensure that the entire network is secure. Network security entails protecting the usability, reliability, integrity, and safety of network and data. Effective network security defeats a variety of threats from entering or spreading on a network. The primary goal of network security are Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. These three pillars of Network Security are often represented as CIA triangle.

Sagar IT World is not the owner of this picture .Owner of this picture is https://thecoderzone.com/security-goals/

Confidentiality. The function of confidentiality is to protect precious business data from unauthorized persons. Confidentiality part of network security makes sure that the data is available only to the intended and authorized persons.
Integrity. This goal means maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data. The function of integrity is to make sure that the data is reliable and is not changed by unauthorized persons.
Availability. The function of availability in Network Security is to make sure that the data, network resources/services are continuously available to the legitimate users, whenever they require it

Network Security:

Network security is protecting the communication of resources within and outside of your network. The goal is to limit exposure at the network layer across your services and systems. By limiting this exposure, you decrease the likelihood that your resources can be attacked. In the focus on network security, efforts can be focused on the following areas:

Securing traffic flow between applications and the internet
Securing traffic flow among applications
Securing traffic flow between users and the application

Securing traffic flow between applications and the internet focuses on limiting exposure outside your network. Network attacks will most frequently start outside your network, so by limiting the internet exposure and securing the perimeter, the risk of being attacked can be reduced.

Securing traffic flow among applications focuses on data between applications and their tiers, between different environments, and in other services within your network. By limiting exposure between these resources, you reduce the effect a compromised resource can have. This can help reduce further propagation within a network.

Securing traffic flow between users and the application focuses on securing the network flow for your end users. This limits the exposure your resources have to outside attacks, and provides a secure mechanism for users to utilize your resources.

Internet Protection:

If we start on the perimeter of the network, we're focused on limiting and eliminating attacks from the internet. A great first place to start is to assess the resources that are internet-facing, and only allow inbound and outbound communication where necessary. Identify all resources that are allowing inbound network traffic of any type, and ensure they are necessary and restricted to only the ports/protocols required. Azure Security Center is a great place to look for this information, as it will identify internet-facing resources that don't have network security groups (NSG) associated with them, as well as resources that are not secured behind a firewall.

To provide inbound protection at the perimeter, there are a couple of ways to do this. Application Gateway is a Layer 7 load balancer that also includes a web application firewall (WAF) to provide advanced security for your HTTP-based services. The WAF is based on rules from the OWASP 3.0 or 2.2.9 core rule sets, and provides protection from commonly-known vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting and SQL injection.

An illustration showing a single application gateway filtering all external requests made to the virtual machines located at two different sites. The web application firewall feature of the application gateway protects the system from malicious attacks whereas, the load balancer distributes the legitimate requests among virtual machines.

For protection of non-HTTP-based services or for increased customization, network virtual appliances (NVA) can be used to secure your network resources. NVAs are similar to firewall appliances you might find in on-premises networks, and are available from many of the most popular network security vendors. NVAs can provide greater customization of security for those applications that require it, but can come with increased complexity, so careful consideration of requirements is advised.

Any resource exposed to the internet is at risk of being attacked by a denial-of-service attack. These types of attacks attempt to overwhelm a network resource by sending so many requests that the resource becomes slow or unresponsive. To mitigate these attacks, Azure DDoS provides basic protection across all Azure services and enhanced protection for further customization for your resources. DDoS protection blocks attack traffic and forwards the remaining traffic to its intended destination. Within a few minutes of attack detection, you are notified using Azure Monitor metrics.

An illustration showing Azure DDoS protection installed between virtual network and external user requests. The Azure DDoS protection blocks malicious traffic attack but forwards the legitimate traffic to the intended destination.

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100 Most Important Kali Linux Command for beginners to advance

2020-04-24T18:11:00.001+05:30

100 Most Important Kali Linux Command for beginners.

Short Introduction: What is Kali Linux Operating System (OS)?

Kali Linux is a distributed version of a Linux company designed for security research, computer forensics, penetration testing, website security checking. It is used in hacking because you already get some hacking software in it. Which is not only for windows. And even if it is, it is not good enough to even do hacking. Kali Linux is used for hacking. And secondly, windows have to be purchased but this Kali Linux operating system is absolutely free.
Actually the Kali Linux operating system was designed for such tasks as reverse engineering, digital forensics and penetration testing. So, in Kali Linux, about 600 utility tools associated with all these security systems are available. Which can be used to check the security system and through this the security system can be improved more

Hello Friends most important Kali Linux commands are here below:

apropos Search help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get Search for and install software packages (Debian)
aspell Spell Checker
aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian)
cal Display a calendar
date Display or change the date time
bg Send to background
cd Change Directory
chmod Change access permissions
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
chown Change file owner and group
cut Divide a file into several parts
dc Desk Calculator
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
exec Execute a command
dig DNS lookup
echo Display message on screen
dir Briefly list directory contents
df Display free disk space
diff Display the difference between two files
cp Copy one or more files to another location
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
dircolors Colour setup for 'ls'
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
ethtool Ethernet card settings
exit Exit the shell
false Do nothing unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
format Format disks or tapes
function Define Function Macros
free Display memory usage
hash Remember the full path name of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(S)
history Command History
hostname Print or set system name
iconv Convert the character set of a file
id Print user and group id's
ifconfig Configure a network interface
ifdown Stop a network interface
ifup Start a network interface up
install Copy files and set attributes
jobs List active jobs
kill Stop a process from running
killall Kill processes by name
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
lprint Print a file
mkdir Create new folder (S)
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
netstat Networking information
man Help manual
ls List information about file (s)
ls -a Hidden file showing
mv Move or rename files or directories
mtr Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
nslookup Query internet name servers interactively
open Open a file in its default application
op Operator access
passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
ping Test a network connections
pwd Print working directory
quota Display disk usage and limits
ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines
reboot Reboot the system
rename Rename files
return Exit a shell function
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folders(s)
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
sleep Delay for a specified time
sort Sort text files
ssh Secure shell clients (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls an signals
sudo Execute a command as another user
sum Print a checksum for a file
tail Output the last part of file
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
uname Print system information
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
watch Execute/display a program periodically
write Send a message to another user
wget Retrieve web pages of files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
whereis Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name
ps Process status

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600MP Camera In Smartphone??? Human Eye Vs Smartphone Camera- Samsung Tech

2020-04-23T14:45:00.002+05:30

600MP Camera In Smartphone??? Human Eye Vs Smartphone Camera- Samsung Tech.😨😨

Hello Friends i am going to talk about SAMSUNG 600 megapixel camera technology.

Samsung is working on 600 MP camera sensor to capture clearer images than human eyes.

The company has given this information through its press note.

Samsung has so far introduced 48MP, 64MP and 108MP camera smartphones. Apart from this, news came out a few days ago that the company is reportedly working on 150MP sensor as well. At the same time, according to the information revealed, the South Korean electronic company says that it is working on the 600MP camera sensor.

Clicking photos, making videos has become a part of our routine nowadays. Many DSLR cameras use 40 MP resolution sensors. At the same time, 12 MP camera sensors are used in many flagship smartphones. It is believed that a picture of 500 MP resolution can be captured with the human eye.

Concept of Pixel?

The name "Pixel" is made from "Picture element",

Pixels are the small dots or elements

that make up all our screens.

Our screen is made by putting millions - millions of pixel

together in matrix. You can also understand very small bulbs

of pixel that make any picture on our screen by running in

different colors.

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Computer Security: How to protect password from hackers

2020-04-19T14:07:00.003+05:30

out of Box Knowledge!!!

Computer Security

Computer security deals with protecting various resources and information of a computer system against destruction and unauthorized access. It involves both external and internal security. External security deals with securing a computer system against external factors such as fires, floods, earthquakes, stolen disks/tapes, leaking out of stored information by a person who has access to information, etc. The commonly used methods for external security include maintaining backup copies of stored information at places far away from original information, using security guards to allow entry of authorized person only into computer centers, allowing access to sensitive information to trusted employees/users only, etc.

Computer Security is the field which tries to keep computers safe and secure. Security means allowing things you do want, while stopping things you don't want from happening. Parts of this include authentication and validation (making sure you are who you claim to be), encryption (making sure data gets where you want to go, without others being able to observe it) and physical security.

Internal security, on the other hand, mainly deals with following aspects:

User authentication. Once a user is allowed physical access to a computer, the computer must check the user's identification before allowing the user to use it. User authentication mechanisms take care of this requirement. Passwords used for logging into a computer, electronic cards used in bank ATMs, and bio-metric devices that verify some unique physical characteristic of a user (such as fingerprint, face appearance, voice, hand geometry, etc.) are some commonly used user authentication mechanisms.
Access control. Often, many users share a computer system, which contains many resources and several types of information. Obviously, not all resources and information of the computer system are meant for all users. Therefore, even when a user passes user authentication phase and is allowed to use a computer, the system needs to have some mechanism to restrict the user's access to those resources/information that he/she is authorized to access. Access control mechanisms take care of this requirement. Operating systems normally maintain Access Control Lists ACLs) to implement access control. ACLs specify which users can have what types of accesses on various system resources.
Cryptography. Even if a user somehow manages to gain access to some information that he/she is not authorized to access, the system needs to have some mechanism to ensure that the user cannot make use of that information. Cryptography mechanisms take care of this requirement. They work on the idea of encrypting a piece of information to prevent its comprehension by unauthorized users. Authorized users only can have the necessary key to decry-pt encrypted information.

How to protect password from hackers

Use strong and long passwords: 'password', '123456' 'abc123' are terrible password because they are easy to guess, One way to build a strong password is to think of a phrase or sentence that other people wouldn't know and then use that to build your password for example thing of a personal message like and then build your password. 'Hi to your dear' like %P!m85k9*R.
When entering your password, be aware of your surroundings. Make sure no one is watching. And give others a little privacy when they're typing their own passwords. It's just as important to protect yourself by never having access to someone else’s password. You don't want that liability.
Secure your passwords: Just like you wouldn't use the same key for your home car and office, you should never use the same password across different website. Some we sites allow you to add an extra layer of security to your account by enabling a one-time password. Often referred to as on 'OTP' this will require you to enter another 'Key' or code to unlock your account in addition to your password.
Recall value: Once you've created a strong password for each of your online accounts. it can be challenges to remember them all. So consider using a trusted password manager that encrypts are save your passwords and can be accessed with a single password and an OTP- One time password.
Check your settings: Social networking sites allow you to share photo videos, status updates and much more. many of these services offer privacy setting and controls that help you decide who can see your content before you post it. Do not share too much personal information on social networking sites.
When managing your business social media channels or doing work in general, ALWAYS use a private Wi-Fi network. Private Wi-Fi systems are always password protected. Most small businesses nowadays invest in their own Wi-Fi to have that extra layer of security.
Phone business: sometime you can also add a phone number to your profile to receive a code to reset you password via SMS. Your mobile phone is more secure identification method then your recovery email address or security question because, unlike the other two, you have physical possession of your mobile phone.
Update your recovery options: If your do forget you Password or get locked out, you need a way to get back into your account. many services will send an email to you at a recovery email address if you need to reset you password. So it's important to make sure your recovery email address is up-to date and is linked to an account your can still access.
link your email id in your net banking account. And most important set security question for your bank account. Change your net banking password in 3 months.
Dictionary attack: In a dictionary attack, a computer uses a word-list (like maybe the entire English dictionary) to try and find a password that works. The computer will simply plug in every word in its word list in an attempt to find a working password.

So we recommend that you avoid using a single word from the dictionary as your password. You should also avoid using any commonly used word or name that might not be in the dictionary.

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Zoom App Leaking Data, Zoom App Not safe, The government of india has some advice for you, zWarDial tool

2020-04-18T12:26:00.000+05:30

Zoom App Leaking Data, Zoom App Not safe, The government of india has some advice for you

What is zoom app?

zoom application is a video conferencing app. it's provide live video call,

This app top feature is 1-100 people can connect it for video calling.

As the Coronavirus pandemic continues to force people to work from home, countless companies are now holding daily meetings using videoconferencing services from Zoom. But without the protection of a password.

Latest News:

Your personal data, your mobile and laptop data is leaking zoom app company is not safe for people.

India said today Zoom is ‘not a safe platform’ and advised government employees to not use it for official work as the video conference service surges in popularity in many nations including the world’s second largest smartphone market as billions of people remain stuck at home due to the coronavirus crisis.

The govt’s warning comes after India's nodal cyber security agency – Computer Emergency Response Team of India (CERT-in) - had cautioned against the vulnerability of the app. The agency had pointed out that the app has significant weaknesses which can make users vulnerable to cyber attacks, including leakage of sensitive office information to criminals.

CERT-in official web page: https://www.cert-in.org.in/

This is app not safe for government employees, company employees and normal people because zoom app can not use end-to-end-encryption.

YOUR PERSONAL ZOOM VIDEO CALLINGS RECORD AVAILABLE IN DARK WEB

PEOPLE'S PERSONAL VIDEO IS LEAKED ON Dark net

400,000-500,000 Hacked Zoom Accounts Being Sold on Dark Web

Do not use zoom app, you can use google hangout and Microsoft Team for group video calling.

‘War Dialing’ Tool Exposes Zoom’s Password Problems'

What is zWarDial Tool?

zWarDial, an automated tool for finding non-password protected Zoom meetings. According to its makers, zWarDial can find on average 110 meetings per hour, and has a success rate of around 14 percent.

NOTE:- YOUR PRIVACY IS YOUR SECURITY SO BE CAREFUL ON INTERNET.

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Networking Fundamental: Computer Networking Fundamental

2020-04-18T11:21:00.000+05:30

Computer Networking Fundamental

A computer network is a network of computers that are geographically distributed, but connected in a manner to enable meaningful transmission and exchange of data among them. Sharing of information, resources (both hardware and software), and processing load is the main objective of a computer networking.

Three basic elements of any communication system are a sender (source) that creates and sends a message, a medium that carries the message, and a receiver (sink) the receives the message.

Computer Networks use a concept of layered protocols. The OSI model provides a standard for layered protocols for WANs. The seven layers of the OSI model are physical, data-link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Of the available protocol suites for network systems, the Internet Protocol (IP) suite is the most popular and widely used.

Growth of computer networking

The growth and uses of the global Internet† are among the most interesting and exciting phenomena in networking. In 1980, the Internet was a research project that involved a few dozen sites. Today, the Internet has grown into a production communication system that reaches all populated countries of the world. Many users have highspeed Internet access through cable modems, DSL, or wireless technologies.
Computer networking has grown explosively. Since the 1970s, computer communication has changed from an esoteric research topic to an essential part of the infrastructure. Networking is used in every aspect of business, including advertising, production,
shipping, planning, billing, and accounting. Consequently, most corporations have multiple networks. Schools, at all grade levels from elementary through post-graduate, are
using computer networks to provide students and teachers with instantaneous access to
online information. Federal, state, and local government offices use networks, as do
military organizations. In short, computer networks are everywhere.

Network Types:

PAN:- personal area network

LAN:- local area network

MAN:- metropolitan area network

WAN:- wide area network

Network Interface Card (NIC)

network interface card, often referred to as NIC or network card, is a hardware device that connects a computer to a network, both functionally and physically. It is a printed circuit board (PCB), which connects to one of the expansion slots of a computer, and provides a port for attaching a network cable. It is an add-on card (expansion board) connected directly to a computer's I/O bus.

Since an NIC connects directly to a computer's I/O bus, design of an NIC is specific to a computer's I/O bus hardware, computer's operating system, and network's communication protocol. NIC's ROM has the network's physical-layer communication protocol. Hence, there are different NICs for different networks, even for same computer. For example, to connect a computer to an Ethernet LAN,it must have an Ethernet network network card, and to connect it to an ATM network, it must have an ATM network card.

Introduction to IP Addresses

IP = Internet Protocol Address

IP address. An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Basically 2 types of version of IP Addresses

First: IPv4 Internet protocol version 4

Second: IPv6 Internet protocol version 6

Difference Between IPv4 AND IPv6

Internet Protocol Version 4

IPv4 offers 12 header fields
IPv4 binary bits are separated by a dot(.)
IPv4 is 32 bit IP address
IPv4 supports broadcast
IPv4 is a numeric addressing method
IPv4 supports VLSM (virtual length subnet mask)
IPv4 has checksum fields
IPv4 uses ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) to map to MAC address

Internet Protocol Version 6

IPv6 offers 8 header fields
IPv6 binary bits are separated by a colon(:)
IPv6 is a 128 bit IP address
IPv6 does not support broadcast
IPv6 is an alphanumeric addressing method
IPv6 does not support VLSM
IPv6 does not have checksum fields
IPv6 uses NDP (Neighbour Discovery Protocol) to map to MAC address.

How to find Internet Protocol (IP) Address in your computer

press window+r in your computer
type cmd & press enter
then Command Prompt screen will be appear in your computer
type command: ipconfig and press enter.

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Web application security risks, Building a secure web application

2020-04-14T11:31:00.003+05:30

Web Application Security Risks

Identifying the Threats We Face:

We will begin by looking at the specific security threats facing a modern web application. The first step in building a secure application is to understand the nature of the risks, so that we can think about how to protect against those risks.

Access to Sensitive Data:-

Part of our job as web application designers and programmers is to ensure that any data the user entrusts to us are safe, as are any data that we are given from other departments. When we expose part of this information to users of our web application, it must be in such a way that they see only the information for other users.

All of these are terrible scenarios, but the two most commonly seen that cause huge problems are leakage of username & passwords and another one is credit card numbers.

Passwords may be less obviously interesting. Once an attacker has obtained access to sensitive data inside your application, you may be asking why passwords would have any further use. The answer is that users commonly re-use passwords on different websites. The username and password sagar raj used to sign up for your photo sharing app stand a good chance of being the same username and password that he uses for his online banking.

The value of credit card number is obvious-- anyone obtaining a list of valid numbers along with expiration dates, cardholder names, and so on, can either use the data themselvers, or more commonly, sell a list of card numbers to the highest bidder.

Reducing the Risk:-

To reduce the risk of exposure, you need to limit the methods by which information can be accessed and limit the people who can access it. This process involves designing with security in mind, configuring your server and software properly, programming carefully, testing thoroughly, removing unnecessary services from the web server, and requiring authentication.

You need to design, configure, code, and test carefully to reduce the risk of a successful attack and, equally important, to reduce the chance that an error will leave your information open o accidental exposure.

Attack that involve accessing or modifying your data as it travels over the network are known as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.

To protects confidential information, you can encrypt it before it is sen across a network and decrypt it at the other end. Web servers often use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to accomplish this as data travels between web servers and browsers. This is a fairly low-cost, low-effort way of securing transmissions, but because your server needs to encrypt and decrypt data rather than simply send and receive it, the number of visitors per second that a machine can serve is reduced.

Denial of Service Attack (DOS Attack):

One of the most difficult threats to guard against is denial of service. Denial of service (DoS) occurs when somebody's actions make it difficult or impossible for users to access a service, or delay their access to a time-critical service.

As with some of the other threats, a DoS can come from forces other than malicious attack. A misconfigured network or an influx of users (after, say, your application being featured on a popular tech blog) can have the same effect.

In early 2013, a series of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks were made against US financial institutions such as American Express and Well Fargo. These sites are accustomed to high levels of traffic, and have excellent security teams working on them, but they are still vulnerable to being shut down for hours by a DoS attack.

Famous DDoS Attacks | The Largest DDoS Attacks Of All Time

visit https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/famous-ddos-attacks/

Malicious Code Injection:

One type of attack that has been particularly effective over the years via the web is what is called code injection. The well known of these is Cross Site Scripting (known as XSS, so as not to be confused with Cascading style sheets-CSS). What is particularly troubling about these attacks is that no obvious or immediate loss of data occurs, but instead some soft of code executes, causing varying degrees of information loss or redirection of users, possibly without their even noticing it.

It's also possible to take advantage of vulnerabilities in your code, your installed applications, or your configuration to upload arbitrary code to run on your web server, leading to a compromised web server.

Building a Secure Web Application

Monitoring Security

After we finish developing our web applications and deploy it to production servers for people to begin using, our job is not complete. Part of security is monitoring the system as it operates, looking at logs and other files to see how the system is performing and being used. Only by keeping a close eye on the operation of the system (or by writing and running tools to do portions of this for us), can we see whether ongoing security problems exist and find areas where we might need to spend some time developing more secure solutions.

Security is, unfortunately, an going battle and, in a certain hyperbolic sense, a battle that can never be won. Constant vigilance, improvements to our system, and rapid reaction to any problems are the price to be paid for a smoothly operating web application.

Securing Your Code

Making a good effort at securing your code requires you to think at a granular level, including inspecting each of the components individually and looking at how to improve their security, we begin in this section by investigating the things we can do to help keep our code safe.

Filtering User Input

One of the most important things we can do in our web applications to make them more secure is to filter all user input.

Application developers must filter all input that comes from external sources. This does not mean that we should design a system with the assumption that all our users are crooks. We still want them to feel welcome and indeed encourage them to use our web application. We just want to be sure that we are prepared at any point for of our system.

If we do this filtering effectively, we can reduce the number of external threats substantially and massively improve the robustness of our system. Even if we are pretty sure that we trust the users, we cannot be certain that they do not have some thype of spyware program or other such thing that is modifying or sending new requests to our server. So really, never trust the users.

Keep Software Up-to-Date

One of the easiest ways to help the security of your system is to ensure that your are always running the latest and most secure version of the software you are using.

Prepare for Dos and DDoS Attack:

One of the more frightening attacks seen today is the denial of service (DoS) attack.

Web application security risks, network dos attacks and the even more alarming distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks use hijacked computers, worms, or othe devices to exploit weaknesses in software installations, or even those inherent within the design of protocols such as TCP/IP themselves to swamp a computer and prevent it from replying to any connection request from legitimate clients.

Unfortunately, this type of attack is very difficult to prevent and respond to. Some network appliance vendors sell equipment to help mitigate the risks and effects of DoS attacks, but there are no comprehensive solutions against them yet.

The Difference Between DoS and DDos Attacks

The DoS attack typically uses one computer and one Internet connection to flood a targeted system or resource. The DDoS attack uses multiple computers and Internet connections to flood the targeted resource.

Physically Secure the Server

We mentioned previously that one of our security threats is somebody coming into our building, unplugging the server computer, and simply walking off with it. This is, tragically, not a joke. With the average server not being a terribly cheap piece of hardware, the motivations for stealing server computers are not limited to corporate espionage and intellectual theft. Some people might just want to steal the computer for resale.

Thus, it is critical that servers used to run your web applications are kept in a secure environment, with only authorized people given access to it and specific process in place for granting and revoking access to different people.

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What is satellite? How actually satellite work, Satellite Communication, Advantages of satellite.

2020-04-13T18:33:00.001+05:30

Satellite Concept

Satellite communication is based on a line-of-sight (LOS) one-way or two-way radio
frequency (RF) transmission system that comprises a transmitting station utilizing an
uplink channel, a space-borne satellite system acting as a signal regeneration node,
and one or more receiving stations monitoring a downlink channel to receive information. In a two-way case, both endpoint stations have the transmitting and the receiving
functionality (see Figure 1.1).
Satellites can reside in a number of near-earth orbits. The geostationary orbit
(GSO) is a concentric circular orbit in the plane of the earth’s equator at 35,786 km
(22,236 miles) of altitude from the earth’s surface (42,164 km from the earth’s
center – the earth’s radius being 6,378 km). A geosynchronous (GEO) satellite1circles the earth in the GSO at the earth’s rotational speed and in the same direction
as the rotation. When the satellite is in this equatorial plane it effectively appears to
be permanently stationary when observed at the earth’s surface, so that an antenna
pointed to it will not require tracking or (major) positional adjustments at periodic
intervals of time.2,3 Other orbits are possible, such as the medium Earth orbit (MEO)
and the low Earth orbit (LEO).
Communication satellites are microwave relay stations in outer space. A space shuttle launches satellite and places it in outer space precisely 36,000 kms above the equator with an orbit speed that matches earth's rotation speed exactly. Being in geosynchronous orbit, a satellite is stationary relative to the earth, and always stays over the same point on the ground. This allows a ground station to aim its antenna at a fixed point in the sky. Each satellite can receive and retransmit signals to slightly less than half the earth's surface because the earth is round. Therefore, to provide data transmissions needs. The positions of INSAT series of Indian satellites in outer space are such that they enable communication between any two locations in India.
A communications satellite is a microwave repeater station that permits two or
more users with appropriate earth stations to deliver or exchange information in
various forms. As discussed later in this chapter and again in Chapter 6, a satellite
in a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) revolves around the Earth in the plane of
the equator once in 24 hours, maintaining precise synchronization with the Earth’s
rotation. There are two other classes of 24-hour orbits: the geosynchronous orbit
and the highly elliptical synchronous orbit.
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit. These objects are called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth's Moon. On 4 October 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Wikipedia

5. Advantages of satellite:

A satellite having many transponders has enormous data communication capability.
Data transmission costs are independent of distance between two points as long as these two points are withing the satellite's area coverage.
As they support wireless communication, they do not require laying of cables and associated cost of land digging.
A satellite is essentially a microwave relay station visible from any point in a very large area. Hence, it enables data transmission between any two randomly chosen points in that area.

6. Different Types of satellites around earth

Phone communication satellites
"Global Positioning System." (GPS) satellites
weather information satellites
Television (TV) Network channel satellites

7. Example of a satellite

8. Satellite networks, on the other hand, are well within the reach of much smaller
organizations because satellite capacity can be rented from a much larger company
or agency. Approximately half of the current commercial GEO satellites are owned
and operated by a few major companies that make the investment and sell the
service to regional and global markets. As the original global operator and now
the largest provider, Intelsat is able to serve users in nearly every country. Other
large operators include SES, Eutelsat, Loral Skynet, Telesat, and JSAT.

9. Satellite communicate image:

10. Satellite Antenna:

11. To enable a large number of users to benefit from satellite communication, communication service providers realized that they need to reduce the size and cost of receive-transmit earth stations considerably, so that a user can install a private earth station easily. To meet this requirement, they built smaller dish antennas, having lower power transmitters and receivers, for installation at user's sites. These dish antenna systems, are known as VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminal).

Aperture refers to the diameter of dish antenna (about 1 to 2 meters.

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Sagar IT World: Decoding Threats For Nation

importance of cyber security in electric vehicles

How secure are future of electric vehicles?

Cyber security consideration for the electric vehicle:

Career In Digital Forensics Analyst : Future Job

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Digital Forensics: Definition

Digital Forensics Roadmap

Types of Digital Investigations

Open Source Intelligence Analyst : Future Job

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INTRODUCTION OF OSINT

Target Audience

Career In Open Source Intelligence Analyst

Why government approved white hat hacking?

Why government approved white hat hacking?

There Are Three Types of Hackers Basically:

‘Black Hat’ Hackers

‘White Hat’ Hackers

‘Grey Hat’ Hackers

China and Russia -sponsored hacker groups could target other country businesses, media and govt data centers.

Government needs White Hat Hackers to fight the Cyber Wars.

What OS should I use to learn hacking?

What OS should I use to learn hacking?

1. Kali Linux | Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Linux :

2. Parrot OS : Parrot Security

3. BlackArch Linux - Penetration Testing Distribution :

4. BackBox:

5. Live Wifislax : Wireless Hacking OS

6. Tails Operating System:

Here is the small difference between Linux and Windows Operating system

LINUX V/S WINDOWS

safety against terror drones: Zero protection to India's airports

Safety Against Terror Drones: Zero Protection to India's Airports:

INDIA'S CRUCIAL AIRPORTS AT RISK ZERO PROTECTION FROM DRONES THREAT SAFEGUARDS OUR AIRPORTS NOT PRIORITY?

People Playing PUBG After Ban But?

People Playing PUBG After Ban

People are playing PUBG after getting banned in India.

Is It Safe to Install PUBG from Unknown Sources?

What Third-Party App Stores Do:

Is it legal to run PUBG in smartphones?

WhatsApp Chats Leaked in NCB/CBI Bollywood Drug Investigation: Phone cloning & WhatsApp Chats Backups.

read entire article for deep knowledge guys. welcome to our blog:

WhatsApp Chats Leaked in NCB/CBI Bollywood Drug Investigation: Phone cloning & WhatsApp Chats Backups.🔥🔥🔥

Special govt. and law enforcement agencies have legal write to access you smartphone & clone your smartphone.

How do govt investigation agencies access deleted WhatsApp chats?

Special govt. and law enforcement agencies have legal write to access you smartphone & clone your smartphone.

Some investigating agencies and forensic science laboratories carry out “imaging” or forensic cloning of a mobile phone or any digital device if they believe it would aid investigation or help prove a case against someone in a court of law.

Your WhatsApp's data in Danger Zone

Difference Between World Wide Web (WWW) And Internet: and Why It Matters. #www #internet.

Difference Between World Wide Web (WWW) And Internet: And Why It Matters.

The internet

The world wide web

Difference between World Wide Web and Internet: -

CarryMinati's YouTube Channel Hacked, Bitcoin Adverts Stream on CarryisLive.

CarryMinati's YouTube Channel Hacked, Bitcoin Adverts Stream on CarryisLive.

Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Kim Kardashian, Kanye West, Jeff Bezos and others Twitter Account Hacked

Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Kim Kardashian, Kanye West, Jeff Bezos and others Twitter Account Hacked: 🔑

Important/Safe Banking Tips for Internet Banking users and mobile banking users by Sagar Padhy

Safe Banking Tips for Internet Banking users and mobile banking users:

Do's and Dont's (Some safe banking tips)

Are you a victim of fraud:

Bank Smart:

And Other Important Tip is Securing your Mobile Device:

Some General Information:

Keep these tips in mind while banking online:

Make sure your account information is safe

Elyments - First Indian Social Media Super Application To Be Launched By Vice President Today. elyments app review.

Elyments - First Indian Social Media Super Application To Be Launched By Vice President Today

elyments

Bharat Ka Apna Social Media App

Latest Top Trending Technology Facts: 28 websites in NORTH KOREA

Latest Top Trending Technology Facts

Types Of Hacking Attacks: Most Dangerous Attacks, "Your Computer & Phone May Be At Risk"

Types Of Hacking Attacks

1.1 Denial of Service Attacks

1.2 SYN Flood

1.3 Smurf Attack

1.4 Ping of Death

1.5 UDP Flood