Knowledge and Science

Buried 2500 Years, The brain in the skull Still Intact

2011-04-21T21:47:00.000-07:00

The discovery of the brain in the skull more than 2,500 years old at Heslington East, England, shocked the world. Experts believe the organ during this, the brain is part of the body's most easily damaged and become fluid after death. The reason, the high fat content.

Part of the brain in Heslington

"The brain Heslington" team that investigated the University Bradford, England, since discovered in 2008. Sonia O'Connor, the head researcher, said the brain was derived from the years 673-482 BC, owned by 26-45 year-old man who hanged or beheaded.

There was no sign of preservation such as the mummy. It is estimated, the brain was quickly buried in wet soil after death. Wet soil makes oxygen can not enter so as to avoid decomposition. Alternatively, the owner of the brain have certain diseases or physiological changes are made that affect the brain, such as starvation prior to death.

There is a Monkey, Eat like a Cow

2011-04-17T21:43:00.000-07:00

Ruminant animals, like cows, are known to have four stomachs. Kala eat, food will go to one of the abdominal cavity and then vomited again into the mouth. Thereafter, then other food into the stomach and absorbed by the intestines and waste excreted through the anus.

How to eat it was initially found in ruminant animals. But recently scientists have found that long nose monkey or bekantan (Nasalis larvatus), which berhabitat in Sungai Kinabatangan, Malaysia, also have similar behavior. Monkey vomited again food that is swallowed to be chewed again.

Ikku Matsuda of Kyoto University Primate Institute is the scientist who discovered the behavior. He collected data by videotape since 2000-2001. Based on the data, at least 23 long nose monkeys have behavioral regurgitate and chew food like a cow.

Matsuda elaborate, long nose monkey stomach will contract when they wanted to regurgitate food. At the same time, the monkey will stick his tongue out of his mouth is shut tight. Foods that come out will be some time in the mouth before swallowing for the second time.

According to Matsuda, the behavior of monkeys is related to the structure of the digestive organs. "Long nose monkey gastrointestinal tract is different from humans and monkeys. This species has a special structure in which the stomach for digestion by the bacteria took place prior to chemical digestion," he said.

Matsuda speculate that this behavior allows a long nose monkeys eat more in certain circumstances. He also said, "This means, long nose monkey can eat more quickly because the bacteria do not need much time to digest."

Long nose monkeys usually takes various kinds of leaves and fruit. This type of animal diet very rich in fiber. Although the type of food and animal digestive organ structure of this type are known, Matsuda could not associate food with rumination behavior owned.

Responding to this research, professor of the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Justus Liebig University, said, "It is important to explain that rumination in animals such as cows regurgitate and chew food again in mammals are different physiological processes."

Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus)

Professor who wrote the book Mammalian Herbivore "Stomach: Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution, said that koalas also have similar behavior. However, they only do so under certain conditions, such as teeth have been dated or need more food because of breastfeeding.

Matsuda said that his study only focused on certain monkey population so that behavior may be learned by tradition. "Tradition, especially in feeding behavior, have been reported in primates, for example (monkey) Macaca that washing food or spice it with salt water. We can not ignore that tradition," he said.

Two New Species of Snake

2011-04-15T21:00:00.000-07:00

Scientists discover new species of venomous snake pit viper family in Southeast Asia. This discovery was the result of an expedition to collect snakes from several countries, namely Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand.

One of the species named Cryptelytrops rubeus because his eyes are red ruby color. This species has a habitat near the city of Ho Chi Minh, lowlands in south Vietnam and the eastern highlands Langobian in Cambodia.

While other species are Cryptelytrops cardamomensis who have green eyes. The species was found in the Cardamom mountains in the southeast and habitat in Thailand and southeast Cambodia.

Two species were believed to be a new kind after scientists conduct genetic analysis for 12 years, see the physical differences and geographical distribution of variations of venomous snakes that were previously grouped in the type of venomous snake eyes (Cryptelytrops macrops).

green pit snake red eye

Anita Malhotra from Bangor University, one member of the team involved the study said, "These two species have differences in the genetic component of the mitochondria and nucleus and are geographically separated, there is a different mountain."

Malhotra said that the specimens of snakes Cryptelytrops rubeus, especially very small and only a few people who had seen the species. "We only have very little information to be honest," said Malhotra.

Malhotra said that there is a possibility that species are threatened with extinction. Malhotra and his team of research results published in the journal Zootaxa published last February 4, 2011.

To Mars, Use Water Fueled Aircraft

2011-04-13T15:43:00.000-07:00

Illustration of the concept of water-fueled aircraft equipped with solar cells

for space exploration in the future.

Travel into space, including Mars, will probably be much cheaper. The reason, scientists are now developing water-fueled plane. With a plane, go home fare to Mars could cost as cheap as the launch of a single plane.

The idea is to maintain this water-fueled aircraft remain in low-earth orbit. In this way, the benefits to be gained greater. This method can reduce the need for expensive it takes to launch a mission from Earth.

Currently, the plane was still in draft. However, scientists believe could come true soon. Brian McConnell, technopreneur and software engineer, said, "It's really the challenge of system integration. Fundamental technology is actually ready."

The basic concept aircraft was centered on the water and driven by the water. Electro thermal solar-powered engine will heat the water until its temperature is very high and transformed into steam. Finally, the steam released will form the thrust that helps lift the aircraft.

McDonnell said the engines used in aircraft electro thermal this efficient and suitable for long-term travel with low thrust. To serve the additional speed quickly, a chemical rocket could be added.

The interior of the aircraft consist of modules interconnected habitats. The module can be developed at any time and are made of factory production. The water also contained a single package along the habitat module so that it can function as a protective radiation.

Aircraft fuel cheaper water because of several factors. First is the use elektrotermal machine. Secondly, the use of water as a fuel to make almost all parts of the aircraft recyclable. Water used as a protective radiation can also be used as fuel.

"All can reduce costs by 30 times smaller or more," said McDonnell. The journey to Phobos, moon of Mars for instance, can only by 1 billion U.S. dollars. The trip will also be convenient because the aircraft could carry a number of IAR that can be used to grow food crops and hot shower.

When the aircraft requires additional fuel, the filling can be done in low earth orbit. Section planes can also be replaced or is upgraded from orbit. McDonnell also said, in the future of water as fuel can also be obtained from asteroids and the moon of Mars.

The concept is promoted McDonnel published in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. One of the outstanding public relations to develop this plane is elektrotermal engine design. According to McDonnell, the efforts to accelerate the settlement can be done by holding a competition.

Is there water on Mercury?

2011-04-11T17:30:00.000-07:00

Observation of Mercury will begin officially on April 4, 2011 with the help of spacecraft Messenger spacecraft already orbiting the planet. Mapping the entire surface of Mercury will be done to uncover the mysteries of geology, history and that planet formation.

One of the questions raised in the observation of Mercury is there any water in the form of ice on the planet? With Mercury's temperature reaches 450 degrees Celsius, the question may seem silly.

However, Sean Solomon, Messenger leader investigator, said the possibility. "Can ice stuck in there? Model temperature say yes, it is possible. But does the ice water-based? There are a lot of speculation," he said.

Meanwhile, 20 years ago had no radar data found reflective material in the polar regions of the Sun's nearest planet. Reflective material could have been water in the form of ice.

Positive answer may be known within the next year when the Messenger successfully completed its mission. Along with that, may be known about the structure and the reason why Mercury's core density is lower.

Messenger himself has reached the orbit of Mercury since March 17, 2011 after traveling for 6.5 years. This space vehicle 2 days ago just sent image of Mercury's craters and Matabei Debussy.

Messenger stands for Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging. Its mission is not the mission of making low-cost because the fund reached 446 million U.S. dollars.

Artificial Leaves Can Perform Photosynthesis

2011-04-10T08:24:00.000-07:00

Successfully created an artificial leaf that can process sunlight and water into energy efficient as the original leaf. In the event the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, recently, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced their success in making artificial leaves made of materials that are stable and not expensive, but has the nature of the original leaf.

Artificial leaves using sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen that can be used to create electricity.

Although similar in nature, do not expect it seems like a natural leaf. This artificial leaves made of silicon and a variety of catalysts which accelerate chemical reactions to produce electricity. "With a gallon of water and placed in placed in the sun, artificial leaves can provide electricity for basic needs at home,"explained Dr. Daniel Nocera

Leaves are not the first leaf that can mimic the process of photosynthesis. But subsequent experiments produce leaves that are made of these materials are unstable and expensive, and not the old land. Nocera and led the team that makes the leaves of artificial materials that are inexpensive and common, such as nickel and cobalt. In their laboratory, artificial leaf-sized playing cards can last for 45 hours without any decrease in performance.

In subsequent studies Nocera will try to improve the efficiency and age photosynthesis material.

Outer Space Smell Like "Steak" Burn Out

2011-04-08T11:44:00.000-07:00

Outer space turned out to have a smell which mostly originate from dying stars. The mixture of diesel smoke, hot metal, and the aroma of burnt barbeque's, something like that's the smell of space. The mixture smells of dead star called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

According to the inventor and Director of Laboratory Astrophysics and NASA Ames Research Center astrochemist, Louis Allamandola, the molecules seem to be in the whole space. "This molecule is also flying in there forever, in comets, meteors and space dust," he said. Hydrocarbon was even touted as an early form of life on Earth. Therefore, hydrocarbons may be found in coal, oil, and foods.

Astronauts often report smelling grilled steak after a walk in space. Although humans can not breathe smells in space, while astronauts outside the space station, space component compound and stick on their clothes and go into the station.

The smell wafted with a clear space of three years ago when NASA ordered Steven Pearce, fragrances maker Omega, to go back and create a scent that is suitable for simulation.

Allamandola explain, our solar system because it smells sharp and spicy rich in carbon and low oxygen. The analogy with the car. If the lack of oxygen in the car, it will show black soot and foul odor. Oxygen-rich stars smell like charcoal roasted.

When later we can leave the galaxy, the smell will be more interesting. In a dark space full of dust and molecules, the smell of sweet sugar until the smell of rotten eggs and sulfur will smell.

Save Electricity in the Air Liquid

2011-04-06T10:09:00.000-07:00

A British company developed a technique of storing energy generated from wind power and sunlight. This technique uses air stored in liquid form.

Renewable energy sources have a period because the sun does not always illuminate a location the whole time, and wind does not always blow. However, electricity is still needed at the time of no sun or wind.

To address that problem, Highview Power Storage develop a way to store energy generated by wind and sunlight can be used as a backup for the second time these natural elements are not available.

Cryo System of Energy-owned company that uses excess electricity to power the air conditioning machine. The machine will reduce the air temperature to -196 degrees Celsius so that the air becomes liquid. The liquid was collected in a tank insulated with low pressure.

When electricity demand is high, liquid air was removed to a place that its temperature slightly warmer than -196 degrees Celsius so that turned into gas, which is used to drive turbines that generate electricity.

This system is only able to produce an efficiency of 50 percent. This means that electricity generated compared to only 50 percent of electricity used for cooling systems. Efficiency increased to 70 percent when warm air is used. According to the Highview Power Storage, efficiency can be further increased if the system is installed in facilities that have heat dissipation.

Other systems, which can be used to save energy, use water. Excess electricity used to pump water to the shelter of high position. When electricity is needed, the water flowed down through the dam and turn turbines. "Water pumping is more expensive and not supportable CryoEnergy system," wrote a magazine article on Gizmag.

Another way to save energy is with the battery. However, the cost for storage that is 4000 dollars per kilowatt (KW). Cryo Energy only cost 1000 U.S. dollars per KW.

Cryo Energy project currently running in Scotland for 9 months. Highview plans to build commercial-scale system with a capacity of 3.5 MW. In 2014, they plan to make the 8 MW to 10 MW.

The phenomenon of "Fire Falls" as high as 600 Meters

2011-04-02T10:41:00.000-07:00

Viewing the falls may have been the norm. However, what about the "fire falls"? This is a unique phenomenon that can be seen at Horsetail Falls in Yosemite National Park, California. The fire was contained in the group plunged the Sierra Nevada mountains, west of Lake Tahoe, having a height of 2,000 feet or about 600 meters.

"Waterfall Fire" is basically a waterfall, but unique because of getting exposure to sunlight so that the glittering golden twilight. This event is very rare and only a few days a year, usually in February, the sun will highlight a waterfall, creating an orange light like a fire skyline.

The phenomenon is best seen plunging fire 17.30 local time. At that time, the right sunlight shining twilight rocks around the waterfall. That's where the miracle of nature occurs and natural illumination is created. However, it is difficult to be seen because it is one of the most rare natural phenomenon.

Josh Anon, a resident of San Francisco, managed to capture the phenomenon of "plunging fire" it. "If a sufficient amount of water and sky bright enough to get the evening sun, the sun will be there at the right angle to illuminate the water and make it shine," he said.

He said, it is difficult to get a chance to watch. "When the sun began to sink, water and shine a little yellow. Then, suddenly the water shines and looks like lava," said Anon.

Yosemite National Park that stretches along 3,000 kilometers attract 3.5 million tourists each year. Waterfall Fire is one of enchantment. Fire waterfall can be reached by climbing to the north Twin Bridge via Route 50 AS.

Human Magnet : Mystery or Physics?

2011-04-01T10:37:00.000-07:00

Discovery News doubt the ability of magnetic (or supernatural) belongs to Bogdan, a boy from Serbia, so the furniture can be attached to the skin. There is an explanation to the physics of the "ability" is.

In an article, Discovery News said that the phenomenon does not lie in the nature of magnetic or mystical abilities, but lies in the physics of friction on the skin. "The skin elastic and can align shapes with a touched object. This effect is more so on a hot day and the skin was touched by the plastic seating. Skin can also be an adhesive or glue on some material," so written in the article.

Other evidence will be the absence of the magnetic properties mentioned by Discovery News is not all metal objects stick to the skin. Plastic plates and cups are also attached. "What is the equation of iron, glass, and plastic? They have a smooth surface," explains Discovery News.

MSNBC and The Daily Mail reported on the boy from Serbia who has a magnetic ability. Spoons, forks, knives, and other metal furniture can be attached to the body. In addition, Bogdan-and others who claim to have similar capabilities, also has a little hair on the skin so that the object can establish contact with the skin nearly perfect.

Discovery News also shows the simplest way to prove the existence of a magnetic field. In the video, Bogdan always attach objects directly on the skin, without clothes. If indeed there is a magnetic field, should also be placed Bogdan object when she wore clothes because magnetic fields can penetrate the thin fabric.

The Daily Mail down news about Bogdan. His family said Bogdan has magnetic abilities since birth. Bogdan Family forbid the boy near electric appliances such as televisions and computers. "The ability of magnetic make tools like that die," said family.

To prove that ability, Bogdan requested style in front of the camera with various objects on his chest. First, Bogdan dining furniture and then put various controllers (remote) television. Bogdan pull objects from the body using the hands.

Shining Cloud, What Is That ?

2011-03-31T16:34:00.000-07:00

The night sky will usually only lit moon and stars. However, in very rare cases, the night sky can also be illuminated by the luminous clouds that reflect sunlight.

Luminous cloud formed at an altitude of 80-85 kilometers in the atmosphere. Light clouds are actually reflected sunlight. Location of high cloud which enabled him to reflect light even though the sun itself has sunk.

Typically, a phenomenon which is also called the polar cloud mesospheres occurs when the temperature decreases to -130 degrees Celsius. Most likely, the phenomenon occurred in the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere, the region above 50 degrees latitude.

Deland Mathhews of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center told Space.com, last week, the phenomenon was initially rare. Over the last 11 years studying, Deland only find it once.

However, Deland said, the phenomenon is now increasingly common and the light became brighter. He guessed, this increase is associated with changes in temperature and humidity in the mesosphere.

Decrease in temperature causes more ice or clouds are formed. The higher humidity lead to the formation of larger ice particles, which can reflect more light.

By increasing the number of glowing cloud phenomenon, may lower the temperature of the mesosphere. Deland said, the increase in the amount of greenhouse gas could be because the temperature drop.

Carbon dioxide-one of the greenhouse gases that radiates heat into space, causing cooling. Methane makes humidity increases because sunlight will convert methane into the water.

So far, researchers are not sure of the most influential factor, whether the humidity or temperature. However, Deland sure, it will be the focus of future research.

Noted, this phenomenon last occurred in Billund, Denmark, on July 15, 2010. Deland has studied this cloud of data from data and satellite instruments since 1978.

How To Make Leaves Christmas Tree Not falling

2011-03-30T16:24:00.000-07:00

This information is useful for those of you who like to put a Christmas tree to enliven the atmosphere of the birthday of Jesus Christ. Of course, this applies if your Christmas tree is a real fir tree, not made of plastic.

Scientists from Laval University in collaboration with the Nova Scotia Agricultural College found the cause death of leaf pine trees. Through his research, they say that the cause of death of leaf pine is the hormone ethylene.

The conclusion was made after the scientists conducted a series of experiments. They put a stalk on container growth fir. Then they observation for several weeks.

Apparently, soon after the plants produce ethylene, the leaves begin to fall. Ten days after placed in the container, ethylene being produced. Three days later, the plant leaves begin to fall. And after 40 days, the plants become bald.

To double-check the truth, the scientists used two chemical called 1-MCP and AVG. They spray on pine stems and see what happens.

Based on the result, the leaves of sprayed plants that can survive up to 73-87 days. "On day 40, the sprayed plants are still green, while plants that do not already bald," said Steeve Pepin of the University of Laval.

The results can give a good impact on producers. "Because 1-MCP is a gas, it will be very easy for producers to spray on the truck used to deliver," said Pepin.

While for consumers, these findings are also beneficial because AVG is a liquid so easy to apply. AVG can be dissolved in water which is then given to the tree so that tree age may take longer.

Finally, 1-MCP and AVG can be used by producers and consumers to maintain cypress trees for the leaves used was falling fast. The atmosphere of Christmas can last longer in your home.

Physics Nobel Highlight the Future of "Graphene"

2011-03-29T10:15:00.000-07:00

STOCKHOLM - Two Russian-born scientist, Andre Geim and Novoselov Konstantin, was awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics for breakthrough isolating graphene, the strongest material but the thinnest in the world, with easy and simple way. The invention enables the production of graphene cheaply for a wide range of technology industries in the future.

Graphene is a kind of carbon fiber which is only composed of one layer of carbon atoms. However, its strength 100 times than steel. Graphene is usually isolated from graphite, used in pencils. However, all this time to do so requires a complicated and complex techniques. Well, the two scientists managed to overcome these problems because it can isolate the graphene using cellophane tape (Scotch tape).

According to the Nobel physics committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, the graphene research opens the potential development of satellites, airplanes, and cars the future with a very strong material but mild. In addition, the form of a transparent material is also potentially be used as touch screens, solar cells, and a more efficient computer components.

"This has the potential to change your life as was the case with plastic. This is really shocking," says Geim. Graphene who have tremendous potential was easily made and may be used in bulk in the future. Physics Nobel increasingly convincing scientists and industry players around the world that graphene is very bright future. In addition to graphene, the two researchers also have a portfolio of pioneered the development of an adhesive material that mimics gecko feet to stick to strong in different types of surfaces.

Although both Russian-born, Geim (51) now Dutch citizen and holds a professor at the University of Manchester, England. Meanwhile, Novoselov (36) dual nationality, British and Russian. The two began collaborating while in the Netherlands before moving to England and successfully isolate graphene in 2004. Create Novoselov, quite surprising Physics Nobel Prize because of his age is still very young even listed as the youngest recipient of Nobel Prize since 1973.

For its success was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, both scientists are entitled to receive a prize of 10 million Kronor. Prizes will be awarded on December 10, 2010 during the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel who initiate and fund the most prestigious awards in science this.

Smart Bandages that can Monitor Wound

2011-03-28T11:08:00.000-07:00

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Research Institute, Germany, to make bandages that can change color to indicate the condition of the wound bandage. If the bandage changed to the color purple, wound infection underneath.

The bandage was physically no different from ordinary bandages, only containing a special fluid that reacts to the level of acidity. Healthy skin or skin that is formed after injury has healed acidity (pH) 5 to 6. According to Gizmag web site, the level of acidity is more than that indicates an infection. "When the pH level of 6.5 to 8.5, dressings changed color was purple," said Dr. Sabine Trupp, who led the study.

The bandage will be tested in a dermatology clinic in Germany. Next, the researchers want to embed an optical sensor on the bandage so the bandage does not only serve to measure the level of acidity, but also displays the analysis results on the screen. "We hope that accurate data can be obtained about injuries,"explained the researchers.

NASA and GM Make Astronauts Robot

2011-03-27T13:04:00.000-07:00

WASHINGTON - Space Mission for this must be done full precision and caution due to radiation exposure in space directly without a hitch. An astronaut must also follow strict procedures and use special clothing to be safe during the work.

However, in future it might not have to worry about. When the need for increasingly complex space exploration, robot much help replace human work in space. This vision will be realized the U.S. space agency (Nasa) by cooperating with General Motors. Both agreed to work together to develop a robot astronaut that could be used to perform high-risk missions and dangerous.

"Our challenge now is to make machines that can help humans work and explore space," said Mike Coats, director of the Johnson Space Center reported by Computerworld. NASA's Laboratory had already designed a robot astronaut named Robonaut working with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). Robonaut was made 10 years ago and is designed to make space exploration much.

The robot, developed with GM will be named Robonaut2. The robot will be designed with the latest technologies and capabilities that much better like a humanoid robot, including the ability to touch gently and small items as well as the extra strength necessary to push or lift.

Algae Could Be paper-thin battery

2011-03-26T11:57:00.000-07:00

Imagine one day you can wrap a gift with wrapping paper that read "Happy Birthday!" which can be lit without a conventional battery as we know it, because the paper itself the batteries. That is one possible use of new batteries are made from cellulose, ie paper material, so that environmentally friendly because it can be parsed natural.

The scientists from various countries are trying to develop a battery thin, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly, made entirely of non-metallic materials. One of the most promising materials for polymer beterai is powerless-between. However, until now it is less practical materials used as batteries, because of its ability to store electrical charges are often reduced in line usage.

Easily made

Well, the key to making this new battery turns green algae Cladophora is often considered an interloper. Freshwater plants like this hair piled up and rotting away in the world, disturbing sights and smells sting.

These algae have an unusual type of cellulose, with the cellulose surface features are very broad, which is 100 times the cellulose paper. This enabled the researchers to double the amount of polymer-power delivery, so the battery is more effective to charge it again, better able to withstand and distribute electrical power.

"We have long expected useful invention of algal material and now it is indeed possible," said researcher Mary Strømme, nanotechnology experts from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. "This opens new possibilities for large scale production for the energy storage system environmentally friendly, cost effective, and lightweight."

This new type of battery consists of thin layers of polymer-power between the size of only 40 to 50 nanometers, or from the algal cellulose fibers wrapping the width of one meter per billion, only 20 to 30 nanometers wide which is taken to be a sheet of paper.

"It's very easy to make," said Stromme.

Fast rechargeable

This new type of battery electric power can contain 50 to 200 percent more than the battery-powered polymer among other similar, and if it later has been optimized, maybe even can compete with lithium battery. These batteries can be recharged far more quickly than ordinary rechargeable batteries - compare it takes at least an hour a normal battery to be recharged, while the new battery is only need 11 seconds to eight minutes.

Dala development, this new battery also shows the rapid progress in terms of ability to withstand power line usage. When compared with other polymer batteries that power of detention capacity down 50 percent after 60 cycles of fill-wear, this new battery only lost 6 percent after 100 cycles.

"In the thick polymer layer, it is difficult to recharge all the material properly, instead it turns into an insulator material (barrier), so capacity is actually reduced," said Gustav Nyström, an expert in electro chemistry from the University of Uppsala. "If the thin layers, all parts can hold and release resources properly."

Flexible electronics

The researchers suggested that their batteries used seems suitable for flexible electronic devices, such as fabric and wrapping materials.

"We do not intend to replace or lithium ion battery - we want to find the use of a battery that does not exist," said Strømme. "For example, the battery can be charged under the wallpaper to light sensors in your home. Or how about when placed in your clothes, and used to sweat scanners to check if you are sick?"

The direction of future research are also considering how much battery power is missing from this over time, which is a common problem for polymer batteries and other types. The study also saw the possibility of enlarging the scale of this new type of battery, "We'll see how it was made when the battery on a massive scale."

The researchers describe their latest results in the journal entitled 'Nano Letters. "

Love Hormones Found in Monkey

2011-03-26T02:12:00.000-07:00

Oxytocin was found in all mammals, but oxytocin was found in monkeys is different.

The term puppy love is often used to describe the love of teenagers who are not serious. But apparently even a monkey could love. The scientists managed to find love in monkeys hormone called oxytocin. Called the love hormone oxytocin plays for regulating the activity of reproductive organs and social behavior, such as ties between groups, mother and child.

Oxytocin was found in all mammals, but oxytocin was found in monkeys is different. Researchers said the difference was due to genes responsible for hormone production is also different.

Karen Parker, researchers from Stanford University who was involved the research, said this discovery is the first time that oxytocin was found different in the studied mammals.

"orthodox view says, all mammals have the same oxytocin," he said.

The discovery of this hormone occurs when Karen and her colleagues are working to study the monkeys in the laboratory. They experienced difficulties when trying to measure the levels of oxytocin. After performing genetic analysis, they know that the gene responsible for the production of oxytocin in different monkeys.

This research has been published in the journal Biology Letters, Tuesday (15/32011) yesterday. Parker said he and his team will continue to study the activity of oxytocin is to compare its effects with oxytocin are known so far.

Oxytocin itself is a hormone produced in the brain called putuitari gland. Once produced, hormone spread through the body's circulatory system, particularly toward the target organ.

Astronomers Capture Image "Star Married"

2011-03-25T12:53:00.000-07:00

Computer simulation that shows the two stars orbit each other.

Scientists know that the two stars could be like a human one by a rope tied to marriage. However, for many years to find, astronomers have not found it. Until finally some good news coming from Romuald Tylenda, the Polish astronomer, who managed to capture images that marry the star phenomenon.

The discovery of this phenomenon starts from the discovery of a star named v1309 Scorpii. Stars who found through observations in the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center in Torun, Poland, it was first encountered in 2008 when she was issued a tongue of fire. Several studies carried out, but astronomers have not found what had happened.

After making observations since 2002 at an observatory in Warsaw, Tylenda and colleagues found variations of light in the v1309. The variation indicates that the v1309 beginning was double star nearby, a star that "almost touching" and around one another in a very short time, only 1.4 days.

As time passed, the outer layer of stars that orbit each other hundreds of times and began to form a unity. When that happens, Tylenda and his colleagues saw that the light is brighter stars 300 times during 10 days. In August 2008 observation, the explosion took place and eventually became a star's core.

When mating occurs the star, its light to 30,000 times brighter than the Sun. The energy of the star's core is spread out. Based Tylenda publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, bright starlight increases because the two stars into one. After several months, the star's light back to normal.

Until now, scientists can not predict the stars scattered material during mating. To find out, take observations with the Hubble telescope. Unfortunately, the material can block the scattered observations. Tylenda is a professor of astronomy at the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center.

Angola's First Dinosaur Fossils

2011-03-25T02:09:00.000-07:00

Illustration of the first dinosaur found in Angola.

JOHANNESBURG - Many years of war ravaged, Angola turned out to save the prehistoric impressions are important for science. For the first time, after a period of peace, the scientists found dinosaur fossils in southwest Africa.

The findings were published in a paper in the journal Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Science. These are the types of sauropod dinosaurs with long necks, plant-eating herbivores alias, and including the largest creature in the world of all time.

The fossil was found in a variety of state scientists who perform excavation expedition there. Only a leg bone found in the front. From its characteristics, fossil dinosaur species thought to have originated from an unknown or new species.

The scientists named it Angolatitan Adamastor. Angolatitan mean giant from Angola. Adamastor taken from the sea giant figure in the myth of Portuguese sailors. According to experts, including the largest dinosaur among other types.

Dr. Octavio Mateus of Unversidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal found Angolatitan Adamastor in 2005. Appointment and research since then begins. Dinosaur fossils found in locations in 90 million years ago an ocean. Nearby, fish fossils and shark teeth. "Maybe this dinosaur was dragged into the sea and torn apart by ancient sharks,"the scientists estimated.

This finding isis the result of the first paleontological expeditions since the 1960s . Angola is one of the country with a prolonged war. War broke out in the 1960s, followed by civil wars after gaining independence from Portugal in 1975. The war ended in 2002 after security forces managed to crush the rebel leader Jonas Savimbi.

"We are not afraid of mines, we are not afraid to state the problem in the past, "said Dr Mateus.

NASA Aircraft has been Orbited on Mercury

2011-03-24T15:39:00.000-07:00

Messenger spacecraft Aviation and Space Agency of the United States (NASA) has finally managed to orbit the planet Mercury. Messenger must maneuver in orbit Earth once, Venus twice and Mercury three times in the exploration for 7 years before successfully orbited.

MESSENGER enters Mercury's orbit on Thursday (03/17/2011) night. The plane is now located 193 kilometers from the surface of Mercury.

NASA pleaded not easily approached Mercury because the strong gravitational pull of the sun and high temperature extremes and changed drastically. Change can reach 600 degrees Celsius.

Chief Engineer Eric Finnegan Messenger declared his joy over this success. "There are a lot of work to be done, but (the plane) we were in there," said Finnegan.

Next month, the Messenger is expected to start sending photos of Mercury's surface are recorded and investigated on the mystery of the magnetic field and density of the planet.

Messenger was launched in 2004 and has traveled as far as travel distance of about 7.8 billion kilometers to perform maneuvers that need to slide into Mercury. In 1970, NASA's Mariner had also sent a plane to get there. However, the plane just to get a picture that is less than half of small stones.

"It is not easy (to it). It requires a maneuver that is very, very complicated to get into orbit," said Robert Strom, University of Arizona scientist who is also involved in missions Messenger now.

Radiation Dose Human Acceptable

2011-03-24T02:05:00.000-07:00

Red Cross volunteers who had just returned from Fukushima scanned to ensure the presence

or absence of exposure to nuclear radiation leaks from nuclear power plants.

Radiation not only come from nuclear, but also can come from our environment. Radiation originating from natural background is often called the cosmos. Apart from nature, radiation can also come from medical treatment such as CT scans, X-rays, and so forth.

Outside the background radiation, the International Atomic Energy Agency has made a provision of radiation dose limit that can be received in a year. According to the Head of Nuclear Energy Supervisory Agency (Bapeten) As Natio Lasman, radiation dose limits established by Indonesia even more stringent.

"Japan has a limit of 10 miliSievert radiation dose (mSv) per year, while in Indonesia set 1 mSv for the general public within a year. If for radiation workers, radiation dose of 20 mSv is set for 5 years, but must not exceed 50 mSv in a year, "said As Natio.

Based on it, if you're in Japan now, you can perform a mathematical calculation. He pointed out, radiation on March 15, 2011 in Miyagi, Japan, for example, 0.18 mSv. "So to achieve the recommended limits, Japan is still 2600 today," said As Natio.

Anyone who is in the environment with the risk of radiation exposure required to calculate the dose of radiation. If excessive radiation dose, complaints such as nausea, headache, diarrhea, and fever usually be felt. If very large, its impact is death

Hoping to Asteroids with Orion Capsule

2011-03-23T05:35:00.000-07:00

NASA is now developing a vehicle that in the long term, it is expected most rapidly in 2019, could deliver astronauts to an asteroid and a moon of Mars. Vehicle called the Orion capsule and developed together with leading aircraft developers, Lockeed Martin.

To achieve that big goal, NASA and Lockeed Martin will first develop the Orion vehicle serving as a mission the International Space Station (ISS). Scheduled, Orion will undergo an orbital test in 2013 and began operation in 2016.

In developing the Orion, Lockheed Martin Space Operations Simulation Center building area of 41,000 square feet at a cost of 35 million U.S. dollars, equipped with a full scale model of the ISS and Orion models are placed on towers weighing 75 tons. That's where a series of tests on Orion will be done.

Lockheed Martin to introduce new facilities to the general public, on Tuesday (22/03/2011), as well as showing off the Orion design. Human GM Spaceflight Lockheed Martin John Karas said, "Orion is being prepared for flight. We will do from design to testing and from testing to operation."

Orion initially named Constellation and is a part of the mission to the Moon former president George W Bush. However, last year the mission worth 100 billion U.S. dollars to be overturned President Barack Obama with the reasons for wanting to develop more advanced space missions.

NASA spokesman Bob Jacobs said, "Orion will evolve from previously under the Constellation program to be part of a multifunctional vehicle crew." He said, Orion is planned to serve short-haul missions to the ISS as well as long distances.

Orion has a module for crew and cargo, service module for propulsion, power and other requirements as well as launch-abort system to save the capsule when the booster rocket failed to work. NASA successfully tests on the launch-abort system 2 weeks ago.

Director of the crew and service modules Lockheed Martin James Bray said, the first Orion capsule is being assembled in another building Lochkeed Martin in Waterton. The first capsule will be used for testing the soil and may be launched in a suborbital test.

Many components of Orion that can be reused after a flight a few flights, including some electronic systems. Orion himself could not be used because the extraordinary force that resisted during takeoff and landing again.

The execution of the capsule will begin next August. Although not far from success, but the development of Orion has a positive impact on the surrounding community. Project Orion provides opportunities to 10,000 people to work and participate at work working on Orion.

Meteorite chunk of 10,000 U.S. Dollars

2011-03-23T01:57:00.000-07:00

Chunks of the meteor that crashed in Sudan in 2008.

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, USA, has just bought a meteorite from a doctor. No responsibility, the museum bought the meteorite was a price of 10 thousand U.S. dollars.

Klemer museum spokesman Randall said, the meteorite is one part of her research collections. Until now the museum has a collection of specimens and artifacts in the world.

The meteorite was purchased initially discovered by doctors in Virginia named Marc Gallini and Frank Ciampi. In January 2010, the meteorite that fell right in the doctor'sexamination room. Due to the fall of meteors, the owner of the land where the doctorhad time to make a claim. However, the claim is eventually canceled.

Meteorite is a celestial body that gets in and hit the Earth. Meteorites can be sourcedfrom a meteoroids and asteroids. When an asteroid or meteor entered Earth's atmosphere, then they will burn so that it appears as a meteor.

The explosion in the Light of the Moon Aurora

2011-03-22T01:51:00.000-07:00

Aurora borealis is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena on Earth. Recording beauty with the camera, much less under the full moon light, it is not easy because the aurora borealis light will "lose" by moonlight.

However, a German photographer Kerstin Langenberger managed to do. In the photo, the aurora borealis visible light in the light of the Moon, as this phenomenon emerged in broad daylight.

Langenberger managed to take pictures after menantia for 300 hours waiting for that phenomenon to appear. He reveals, "Aurora should be very bright to be visible when there is the Moon. It seldom happens that a picture like this is very rare."

Photo Langenberger successfully reveals the beauty of Þingvellir National Park, where an image into one of UNESCO world heritage site. In the photograph, the aurora appears as an explosion of light green and purple.

Aurora found at the North Pole and South Pole of Earth. Aurora encountered at the north pole is called the Aurora Borealis or Northern Light Pole while the levels found in the south called the Aurora Australis.

This phenomenon arises due to charged particles from the Sun that is delivered to the Earth. Particles are attracted by Earth's magnetic field, releasing energy to produce light in a layer of the ionosphere.

Sudden appearance. Langenberger must arrive at the site during the day so they can prepare all the tools to photograph. At night, he must patiently wait for the auroras come.

"The difficulty is knowing where and what kind of aurora appeared later. For a long time, nothing happened and could only wait. However, suddenly experiencing an explosion the night sky aurora," said Langenberger.

Langenberger reveals, "aurora explosion usually last up to several minutes, then he would disappear. Aurora may arise again, but could not. Nobody knows the future."

Aurora is not only able to appear on Earth. Hubble Space Telescope has captured the phenomenon of auroras on Jupiter and Saturn, even the satellites of Jupiter are Io, Europa and Ganymede. Uranus and Neptune are also reported to have auroras.

Biggest sky objects in the Universe

2011-03-22T01:49:00.000-07:00

The Universe consists of celestial objects. Among the celestial bodies, there are some which included the largest in size. Here is the largest celestial bodies according to its category.

Largest Planet

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. But, the biggest planet in the universe is TrES-4b found in 2006, orbiting a star 1500 light years away from Earth. The diameter of the planet is 1.8 larger than Jupiter.

The biggest planet is still in debate following the results of recent observations EASP-17b. Extra solar planet is located 1000 light years from Earth and has a mass half that of Jupiter is said to have 2 times the diameter of Jupiter.

The biggest artifact

So far the largest artifact in the universe adalan International Space Station which has a width of 190 meters and weighs 370 tons. In this case the artifacts are man-made celestial bodies.

Largest galaxy

Based on the standard model of galaxy formation, the largest is a monster elliptical galaxies formed from the merger of smaller galaxies. Examples are the biggest galaxy IC 1101 in the form of the lens. This galaxy located billions of years from Earth,in the middle of the galaxy cluster Abell 2029. The diameter of this galaxy to reach 6 million light years, making it a thousand times the volume of the Milky Way.

The biggest hole

What is meant not the black hole, but it is a stretch of darkness. Galaxies are arranged in a large wall-sized a few hundred light years away with an empty space in between. Found the biggest empty space in 2007 measuring nearly a billion light.

The biggest Stars

The biggest star is VY Canis Majoris, located 5000 light years from Earth. Diameters estimated at 3 billion kilometers. The estimate was clarified again because some astronomers estimate that only 1 billion kilometers in diameter.